Full text of The Employment Situation : May 2022

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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, June 3, 2022

USDL-22-1082

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MAY 2022
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 390,000 in May, and the unemployment rate remained at
3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in leisure and
hospitality, in professional and business services, and in transportation and warehousing. Employment in
retail trade declined.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
May 2019 – May 2022

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
May 2019 – May 2022

Percent

Thousands

16.0

160,000

14.0

155,000

12.0

150,000

10.0

145,000

8.0

140,000

6.0

135,000

4.0

130,000

2.0

May-19

Nov-19

May-20

Nov-20

May-21

Nov-21

May-22

125,000

May-19

Nov-19

May-20

Nov-20

May-21

Nov-21

May-22

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
In May, the unemployment rate was 3.6 percent for the third month in a row, and the number of
unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 6.0 million. These measures are little different from
their values in February 2020 (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, respectively), prior to the coronavirus
(COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Asians declined to 2.4 percent in May.
The jobless rates for adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.4 percent), teenagers (10.4 percent),
Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent), and Hispanics (4.3 percent) showed little or no change over
the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers remained at 1.4 million in May. The
number of persons on temporary layoff was little changed at 810,000. Both measures are little different
from their values in February 2020. (See table A-11.)
In May, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) edged down to 1.4
million. This measure is 235,000 higher than in February 2020. The long-term unemployed accounted
for 23.2 percent of all unemployed persons in May. (See table A-12.)
Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.3 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.1
percent, were little changed over the month. Both measures are 1.1 percentage points below their
February 2020 values. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons increased by 295,000 to 4.3 million
in May, reflecting an increase in the number of persons whose hours were cut due to slack work or
business conditions. The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons is little different
from its February 2020 level. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were
working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See
table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.7
million in May. This measure remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals
were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks
preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to
the labor force, at 1.5 million, changed little in May. These individuals wanted and were available for
work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4
weeks preceding the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed
that no jobs were available for them, numbered 415,000 in May, also little changed from the prior
month. (See Summary table A.)
Household Survey Supplemental Data
In May, 7.4 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down
from 7.7 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at
home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the pandemic.
In May, 1.8 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer closed
or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at some
point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is little changed from the
previous month. Among those who reported in May that they were unable to work because of pandemicrelated closures or lost business, 19.9 percent received at least some pay from their employer for the
hours not worked, also little different from the prior month.

-2-

Among those not in the labor force in May, 455,000 persons were prevented from looking for work
due to the pandemic, down from 586,000 in the prior month. (To be counted as unemployed, by
definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)
These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to
help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables
with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 390,000 in May. Notable job gains occurred in leisure and
hospitality, in professional and business services, and in transportation and warehousing. Employment in
retail trade declined over the month. Nonfarm employment is down by 822,000, or 0.5 percent, from its
pre-pandemic level in February 2020. (See table B-1.)
Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 84,000 in May, as job growth continued in food
services and drinking places (+46,000) and accommodation (+21,000). Employment in leisure and
hospitality is down by 1.3 million, or 7.9 percent, compared with February 2020.
Employment in professional and business services rose by 75,000 in May. Within the industry, job
gains occurred in accounting and bookkeeping services (+16,000), computer systems design and related
services (+13,000), and scientific research and development services (+6,000). Employment in
professional and business services is 821,000 higher than in February 2020.
In May, transportation and warehousing added 47,000 jobs. Employment rose in warehousing and
storage (+18,000), truck transportation (+13,000), and air transportation (+6,000). Employment in
transportation and warehousing is 709,000 above its February 2020 level.
Employment in construction increased by 36,000 in May, following no change in April. In May, job
gains occurred in specialty trade contractors (+17,000) and heavy and civil engineering construction
(+11,000). Construction employment is 40,000 higher than in February 2020.
In May, employment increased by 36,000 in state government education and by 33,000 in private
education. Employment changed little in local government education (+14,000). Compared with
February 2020, employment in state government education is up by 27,000, while employment in
private education has essentially recovered. Employment in local government education is down by
308,000, or 3.8 percent, compared with February 2020.
Employment in health care rose by 28,000 in May, including a gain in hospitals (+16,000).
Employment in health care overall is 223,000, or 1.3 percent, lower than in February 2020.
Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in May (+18,000). Job gains occurred in fabricated
metal products (+7,000), wood products (+4,000), and electronic instruments (+3,000). Employment in
manufacturing overall is slightly below (-17,000 or -0.1 percent) its February 2020 level.
Wholesale trade added 14,000 jobs in May, including gains in durable goods (+10,000) and electronic
markets and agents and brokers (+6,000). Employment in wholesale trade is down by 41,000, or 0.7
percent, compared with February 2020.
-3-

Mining employment increased by 6,000 in May and is 80,000 higher than a recent low in February
2021.
Employment in retail trade declined by 61,000 in May but is 159,000 above its February 2020 level.
Over the month, job losses occurred in general merchandise stores (-33,000), clothing and clothing
accessories stores (-9,000), food and beverage stores (-8,000), building material and garden supply
stores (-7,000), and health and personal care stores (-5,000).
In May, employment showed little change in other major industries, including information, financial
activities, and other services.
Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 cents, or 0.3
percent, to $31.95 in May. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.2
percent. In May, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees
rose by 15 cents, or 0.6 percent, to $27.33. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
In May, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.6 hours for the
third month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was little changed at
40.4 hours, and overtime fell by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained unchanged at 34.1 hours. (See tables
B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised down by 30,000, from
+428,000 to +398,000, and the change for April was revised up by 8,000, from +428,000 to +436,000.
With these revisions, employment in March and April combined is 22,000 lower than previously
reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government
agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 8, 2022, at 8:30
a.m. (ET).

-4-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

Change from:
Apr. 2022May 2022

May
2022

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,210
160,801
61.6
151,550
58.0
9,251
5.8
100,409

263,444
164,409
62.4
158,458
60.1
5,952
3.6
99,035

263,559
164,046
62.2
158,105
60.0
5,941
3.6
99,513

263,679
164,376
62.3
158,426
60.1
5,950
3.6
99,302

120
330
0.1
321
0.1
9
0.0
-211

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

5.8
5.8
5.3
9.6
5.1
9.1
5.5
7.1

3.6
3.4
3.3
10.0
3.2
6.2
2.8
4.2

3.6
3.5
3.2
10.2
3.2
5.9
3.1
4.1

3.6
3.4
3.4
10.4
3.2
6.2
2.4
4.3

0.0
-0.1
0.2
0.2
0.0
0.3
-0.7
0.2

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

5.1
8.9
6.9
6.0
3.1

2.9
5.2
4.0
3.0
2.0

3.0
5.4
3.8
3.1
2.0

3.0
5.2
3.8
3.4
2.0

0.0
-0.2
0.0
0.3
0.0

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

5,822
783
2,174
526

2,831
787
1,985
463

2,839
793
1,882
515

2,736
764
1,943
535

-103
-29
61
20

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

1,974
2,218
1,230
3,765

2,289
1,684
571
1,428

2,227
1,617
551
1,483

2,066
1,767
661
1,356

-161
150
110
-127

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

5,267
4,016
998
19,362

4,170
2,880
1,055
20,870

4,033
2,647
1,071
20,826

4,328
2,996
999
20,806

295
349
-72
-20

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,946
592

1,360
373

1,622
456

1,472
415

-150
-41

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
May
2021

Mar.
2022

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

447
381
22
6
-12
28
23
19.6
5
359
8.5
-25.2
28.8
-0.9
15
0
80
25.7
38
15.2
199
16
66

398
385
85
5
22
58
41
18.4
17
300
25.9
-22.9
3.7
-0.5
18
11
94
8.2
51
37.8
104
15
13

436
405
69
8
0
61
34
7.5
27
336
22.9
12.3
46.2
0.5
15
35
49
6.6
60
44.2
83
13
31

390
333
59
5
36
18
11
-3.5
7
274
14.1
-60.7
47.0
0.5
16
8
75
19.3
74
42.1
84
16
57

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

471
414

539
527

516
498

408
374

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.8
48.4
81.4

34.9
$30.36
$1,059.56
107.9
0.3
156.6
0.8

64.5
55.4

49.8
48.3
81.5

34.6
$31.75
$1,098.55
111.8
0.0
169.7
0.5

74.2
72.3

Apr.
2022p

49.8
48.4
81.5

34.6
$31.85
$1,102.01
112.1
0.3
170.7
0.6

72.3
71.6

May
2022p

49.8
48.4
81.5

34.6
$31.95
$1,105.47
112.4
0.3
171.7
0.6

69.3
66.2

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 670,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

May
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,210
160,607
61.5
151,778
58.1
8,829
5.5
100,603
7,087

263,559
163,449
62.0
157,991
59.9
5,458
3.3
100,110
5,712

263,679
164,157
62.3
158,609
60.2
5,548
3.4
99,521
6,180

261,210
160,801
61.6
151,550
58.0
9,251
5.8
100,409
6,583

263,202
163,687
62.2
157,174
59.7
6,513
4.0
99,516
5,704

263,324
163,991
62.3
157,722
59.9
6,270
3.8
99,333
5,355

263,444
164,409
62.4
158,458
60.1
5,952
3.6
99,035
5,737

263,559
164,046
62.2
158,105
60.0
5,941
3.6
99,513
5,859

263,679
164,376
62.3
158,426
60.1
5,950
3.6
99,302
5,681

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,369
85,329
67.5
80,430
63.6
4,899
5.7
41,040

128,411
87,041
67.8
83,922
65.4
3,119
3.6
41,371

128,470
87,312
68.0
84,379
65.7
2,933
3.4
41,158

126,369
85,307
67.5
80,197
63.5
5,110
6.0
41,062

128,236
87,074
67.9
83,518
65.1
3,556
4.1
41,162

128,296
87,567
68.3
84,247
65.7
3,320
3.8
40,729

128,355
87,660
68.3
84,465
65.8
3,195
3.6
40,695

128,411
87,377
68.0
84,089
65.5
3,288
3.8
41,034

128,470
87,366
68.0
84,218
65.6
3,148
3.6
41,104

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118,059
82,394
69.8
77,786
65.9
4,608
5.6
35,665

119,780
84,157
70.3
81,324
67.9
2,834
3.4
35,623

119,831
84,273
70.3
81,649
68.1
2,624
3.1
35,558

118,059
82,297
69.7
77,489
65.6
4,808
5.8
35,762

119,612
83,967
70.2
80,767
67.5
3,199
3.8
35,645

119,669
84,446
70.6
81,473
68.1
2,973
3.5
35,224

119,726
84,426
70.5
81,554
68.1
2,872
3.4
35,300

119,780
84,295
70.4
81,334
67.9
2,961
3.5
35,486

119,831
84,249
70.3
81,422
67.9
2,827
3.4
35,582

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134,841
75,277
55.8
71,348
52.9
3,929
5.2
59,563

135,148
76,409
56.5
74,069
54.8
2,339
3.1
58,739

135,209
76,845
56.8
74,230
54.9
2,615
3.4
58,364

134,841
75,494
56.0
71,353
52.9
4,141
5.5
59,347

134,966
76,612
56.8
73,656
54.6
2,957
3.9
58,354

135,028
76,425
56.6
73,475
54.4
2,950
3.9
58,604

135,089
76,749
56.8
73,992
54.8
2,757
3.6
58,340

135,148
76,670
56.7
74,017
54.8
2,653
3.5
58,479

135,209
77,010
57.0
74,208
54.9
2,802
3.6
58,199

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,704
72,323
57.1
68,664
54.2
3,659
5.1
54,381

126,749
73,418
57.9
71,348
56.3
2,069
2.8
53,331

126,802
73,782
58.2
71,488
56.4
2,293
3.1
53,020

126,704
72,499
57.2
68,633
54.2
3,866
5.3
54,206

126,570
73,494
58.1
70,857
56.0
2,637
3.6
53,076

126,631
73,446
58.0
70,775
55.9
2,671
3.6
53,185

126,691
73,695
58.2
71,244
56.2
2,451
3.3
52,996

126,749
73,514
58.0
71,170
56.2
2,344
3.2
53,234

126,802
73,911
58.3
71,432
56.3
2,479
3.4
52,891

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,446
5,889
35.8
5,327
32.4
562
9.5
10,558

17,030
5,874
34.5
5,319
31.2
555
9.5
11,156

17,046
6,103
35.8
5,472
32.1
631
10.3
10,943

16,446
6,005
36.5
5,428
33.0
578
9.6
10,441

17,020
6,226
36.6
5,550
32.6
676
10.9
10,795

17,024
6,100
35.8
5,474
32.2
626
10.3
10,924

17,027
6,288
36.9
5,660
33.2
629
10.0
10,739

17,030
6,237
36.6
5,601
32.9
636
10.2
10,793

17,046
6,216
36.5
5,571
32.7
645
10.4
10,830

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

May
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

201,743
123,766
61.3
117,808
58.4
5,958
4.8
77,976

202,982
125,320
61.7
121,625
59.9
3,694
2.9
77,663

203,039
125,560
61.8
121,823
60.0
3,737
3.0
77,479

201,743
123,915
61.4
117,626
58.3
6,289
5.1
77,828

202,819
125,782
62.0
121,497
59.9
4,285
3.4
77,038

202,875
126,139
62.2
121,967
60.1
4,172
3.3
76,736

202,932
126,364
62.3
122,357
60.3
4,007
3.2
76,568

202,982
125,664
61.9
121,606
59.9
4,058
3.2
77,319

203,039
125,772
61.9
121,724
60.0
4,048
3.2
77,267

64,589
69.8
61,508
66.5
3,082
4.8

65,546
70.0
63,615
67.9
1,931
2.9

65,632
70.1
63,780
68.1
1,852
2.8

64,544
69.7
61,273
66.2
3,271
5.1

65,736
70.2
63,612
68.0
2,124
3.2

65,972
70.5
63,995
68.4
1,977
3.0

66,059
70.6
64,043
68.4
2,015
3.1

65,540
70.0
63,521
67.8
2,020
3.1

65,653
70.1
63,620
67.9
2,033
3.1

54,564
56.2
52,105
53.6
2,459
4.5

55,143
56.9
53,794
55.5
1,348
2.4

55,208
57.0
53,754
55.5
1,455
2.6

54,669
56.3
52,072
53.6
2,597
4.8

55,169
57.0
53,449
55.2
1,720
3.1

55,312
57.1
53,571
55.3
1,740
3.1

55,376
57.2
53,803
55.6
1,572
2.8

55,215
57.0
53,656
55.4
1,559
2.8

55,315
57.1
53,731
55.5
1,583
2.9

4,613
38.2
4,196
34.8
417
9.0

4,630
37.1
4,216
33.8
415
9.0

4,719
37.8
4,289
34.4
430
9.1

4,702
39.0
4,281
35.5
421
9.0

4,877
39.1
4,435
35.6
442
9.1

4,855
38.9
4,400
35.3
455
9.4

4,930
39.5
4,510
36.2
420
8.5

4,909
39.4
4,429
35.5
480
9.8

4,804
38.5
4,373
35.1
431
9.0

33,572
20,409
60.8
18,603
55.4
1,806
8.8
13,163

34,055
21,176
62.2
19,992
58.7
1,184
5.6
12,880

34,079
21,441
62.9
20,147
59.1
1,294
6.0
12,638

33,572
20,489
61.0
18,617
55.5
1,872
9.1
13,083

33,978
21,056
62.0
19,597
57.7
1,459
6.9
12,922

34,004
21,145
62.2
19,751
58.1
1,394
6.6
12,859

34,030
21,134
62.1
19,825
58.3
1,309
6.2
12,895

34,055
21,209
62.3
19,963
58.6
1,246
5.9
12,846

34,079
21,475
63.0
20,141
59.1
1,335
6.2
12,604

9,469
66.8
8,550
60.3
920
9.7

9,955
68.8
9,343
64.5
612
6.1

9,993
69.0
9,430
65.1
563
5.6

9,468
66.7
8,549
60.3
920
9.7

9,741
67.5
9,051
62.7
690
7.1

9,966
69.0
9,327
64.5
640
6.4

9,817
67.9
9,264
64.1
553
5.6

9,969
68.9
9,360
64.7
608
6.1

9,983
68.9
9,416
65.0
566
5.7

10,260
60.4
9,467
55.7
793
7.7

10,573
61.8
10,090
59.0
482
4.6

10,705
62.5
10,115
59.1
590
5.5

10,321
60.7
9,461
55.7
860
8.3

10,568
61.9
9,954
58.3
614
5.8

10,537
61.7
9,897
57.9
640
6.1

10,569
61.8
9,984
58.4
585
5.5

10,555
61.7
10,022
58.6
533
5.0

10,731
62.7
10,102
59.0
629
5.9

679
28.4
587
24.6
92
13.6

648
26.2
558
22.6
89
13.8

743
30.0
602
24.3
140
18.9

700
29.3
608
25.4
92
13.2

747
30.2
592
24.0
155
20.7

642
26.0
528
21.4
114
17.8

749
30.3
577
23.3
172
22.9

686
27.7
581
23.5
104
15.2

762
30.8
622
25.1
140
18.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

May
2021
16,529
10,401
62.9
9,834
59.5
567
5.5
6,128

Apr.
2022
16,826
10,763
64.0
10,453
62.1
310
2.9
6,064

May
2022
16,815
10,854
64.5
10,613
63.1
241
2.2
5,961

May
2021
16,529
10,477
63.4
9,899
59.9
578
5.5
6,051

Jan.
2022
16,903
10,880
64.4
10,492
62.1
388
3.6
6,022

Feb.
2022
16,782
10,555
62.9
10,231
61.0
324
3.1
6,227

Mar.
2022
16,803
10,761
64.0
10,460
62.3
300
2.8
6,042

Apr.
2022
16,826
10,837
64.4
10,504
62.4
333
3.1
5,989

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

May
2022
16,815
10,912
64.9
10,651
63.3
261
2.4
5,903

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

May
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

44,786
29,076
64.9
27,105
60.5
1,971
6.8
15,709

45,963
30,311
65.9
29,155
63.4
1,156
3.8
15,652

46,039
30,512
66.3
29,305
63.7
1,207
4.0
15,527

44,786
29,165
65.1
27,086
60.5
2,080
7.1
15,620

45,740
30,390
66.4
28,893
63.2
1,497
4.9
15,350

45,816
30,492
66.6
29,136
63.6
1,356
4.4
15,324

45,888
30,475
66.4
29,209
63.7
1,265
4.2
15,414

45,963
30,376
66.1
29,121
63.4
1,255
4.1
15,587

46,039
30,610
66.5
29,279
63.6
1,331
4.3
15,429

16,035
79.2
15,063
74.4
972
6.1

16,634
79.9
16,036
77.0
598
3.6

16,693
80.0
16,199
77.7
494
3.0

16,043
79.3
15,020
74.2
1,023
6.4

16,586
80.0
15,867
76.6
719
4.3

16,700
80.4
16,086
77.5
614
3.7

16,619
79.9
15,979
76.8
640
3.8

16,604
79.7
15,989
76.8
615
3.7

16,717
80.1
16,152
77.4
566
3.4

11,848
57.8
11,006
53.7
842
7.1

12,294
58.8
11,859
56.8
434
3.5

12,430
59.4
11,874
56.7
556
4.5

11,887
58.0
11,006
53.7
881
7.4

12,383
59.6
11,775
56.6
608
4.9

12,403
59.6
11,802
56.7
601
4.8

12,477
59.8
11,950
57.3
527
4.2

12,331
59.0
11,857
56.8
474
3.8

12,466
59.6
11,876
56.8
591
4.7

1,194
29.6
1,037
25.7
157
13.1

1,384
32.6
1,260
29.7
124
8.9

1,389
32.6
1,231
29.0
157
11.3

1,235
30.6
1,061
26.3
175
14.1

1,421
33.6
1,251
29.6
170
12.0

1,389
32.8
1,248
29.5
141
10.2

1,379
32.5
1,280
30.2
98
7.1

1,441
34.0
1,275
30.1
165
11.5

1,427
33.5
1,252
29.4
175
12.2

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

May
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

Seasonally adjusted
May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,911
43.4
8,181
39.8
730
8.2

9,300
44.9
8,808
42.5
492
5.3

9,399
45.0
8,975
43.0
425
4.5

8,772
42.7
7,989
38.9
783
8.9

8,687
44.5
8,142
41.7
545
6.3

8,962
46.8
8,574
44.8
388
4.3

9,097
45.6
8,627
43.2
470
5.2

9,207
44.4
8,713
42.0
494
5.4

9,194
44.0
8,719
41.8
475
5.2

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34,921
55.5
32,661
51.9
2,260
6.5

36,498
56.8
35,168
54.7
1,330
3.6

36,088
56.8
34,826
54.8
1,262
3.5

34,990
55.6
32,582
51.8
2,408
6.9

37,064
57.2
35,361
54.6
1,703
4.6

36,589
56.2
34,953
53.7
1,636
4.5

36,847
56.8
35,368
54.5
1,479
4.0

36,464
56.8
35,064
54.6
1,401
3.8

36,118
56.8
34,760
54.7
1,358
3.8

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,811
63.2
33,812
59.7
1,999
5.6

35,628
63.5
34,586
61.7
1,042
2.9

35,739
63.4
34,600
61.4
1,139
3.2

35,975
63.5
33,830
59.7
2,145
6.0

35,320
63.1
34,059
60.9
1,261
3.6

35,391
63.6
34,060
61.2
1,331
3.8

35,555
63.4
34,480
61.5
1,075
3.0

35,540
63.4
34,445
61.4
1,095
3.1

35,787
63.5
34,565
61.3
1,222
3.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60,493
72.2
58,715
70.1
1,779
2.9

61,702
72.9
60,579
71.6
1,123
1.8

62,162
73.2
61,069
71.9
1,093
1.8

60,647
72.4
58,755
70.1
1,892
3.1

61,699
72.6
60,294
70.9
1,404
2.3

62,003
72.4
60,656
70.9
1,347
2.2

61,597
72.8
60,386
71.4
1,211
2.0

61,705
72.9
60,459
71.5
1,247
2.0

62,295
73.3
61,078
71.9
1,217
2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

May
2021

Men
May
2022

May
2021

Women
May
2022

May
2021

May
2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,850
9,146
48.5
8,767
46.5
379
4.1
9,704

18,403
8,790
47.8
8,548
46.4
242
2.7
9,613

16,839
7,958
47.3
7,644
45.4
314
3.9
8,881

16,378
7,605
46.4
7,381
45.1
224
2.9
8,773

2,011
1,188
59.1
1,123
55.8
65
5.5
823

2,025
1,185
58.5
1,168
57.7
18
1.5
840

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,833
3,836
79.4
3,683
76.2
153
4.0
998

4,936
3,928
79.6
3,801
77.0
126
3.2
1,009

3,985
3,273
82.1
3,159
79.3
114
3.5
712

4,031
3,292
81.7
3,180
78.9
112
3.4
739

848
563
66.3
524
61.8
39
6.9
286

906
636
70.2
621
68.6
15
2.3
270

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,128
2,304
73.7
2,215
70.8
89
3.9
823

3,182
2,267
71.3
2,210
69.5
57
2.5
914

2,643
1,941
73.4
1,865
70.6
76
3.9
702

2,722
1,955
71.8
1,900
69.8
55
2.8
767

485
364
75.0
350
72.2
14
3.8
121

459
312
68.0
310
67.6
2
0.7
147

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,739
1,126
16.7
1,089
16.2
36
3.2
5,613

6,274
926
14.8
899
14.3
26
2.8
5,348

6,478
1,080
16.7
1,048
16.2
33
3.0
5,398

6,024
881
14.6
855
14.2
26
3.0
5,143

261
45
17.4
42
16.0
4
–
216

250
44
17.7
44
17.7
0
–
206

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,150
1,881
45.3
1,780
42.9
101
5.4
2,269

4,011
1,669
41.6
1,637
40.8
32
1.9
2,342

3,733
1,664
44.6
1,572
42.1
92
5.5
2,069

3,601
1,477
41.0
1,446
40.1
31
2.1
2,124

417
216
51.9
208
49.8
9
4.1
201

410
193
47.0
192
46.8
1
0.5
217

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

233,681
149,294
63.9
141,045
60.4
8,249
5.5
84,387

236,329
153,054
64.8
147,993
62.6
5,061
3.3
83,274

105,100
76,311
72.6
71,819
68.3
4,492
5.9
28,789

107,735
78,607
73.0
75,999
70.5
2,608
3.3
29,129

128,581
72,983
56.8
69,225
53.8
3,758
5.1
55,598

128,593
74,448
57.9
71,995
56.0
2,453
3.3
54,146

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

May
2021

May
2022

Persons with no disability
May
2021

May
2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,888
6,375
20.6
5,723
18.5
653
10.2
24,513

32,686
7,497
22.9
6,961
21.3
536
7.1
25,189

230,322
154,232
67.0
146,056
63.4
8,176
5.3
76,091

230,993
156,661
67.8
151,649
65.7
5,012
3.2
74,332

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,625
35.2
2,304
30.8
321
12.2
4,843

3,086
38.3
2,834
35.2
252
8.2
4,974

76,833
82.0
72,535
77.4
4,297
5.6
16,895

78,119
82.5
75,607
79.9
2,512
3.2
16,558

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,640
33.3
2,373
29.9
267
10.1
5,286

3,074
36.2
2,842
33.5
232
7.5
5,406

68,042
70.8
64,636
67.2
3,406
5.0
28,128

69,039
71.9
66,794
69.6
2,245
3.3
26,978

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,110
7.2
1,045
6.7
65
5.8
14,384

1,337
8.3
1,285
8.0
52
3.9
14,810

9,357
23.1
8,885
22.0
473
5.1
31,067

9,502
23.6
9,248
22.9
255
2.7
30,796

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

May
2021

Men
May
2022

May
2021

Women
May
2022

May
2021

May
2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

42,869
27,327
63.7
25,789
60.2
1,537
5.6
15,542

45,230
29,648
65.5
28,690
63.4
958
3.2
15,582

20,609
15,578
75.6
14,745
71.5
834
5.4
5,031

22,058
16,949
76.8
16,432
74.5
516
3.0
5,110

22,259
11,749
52.8
11,045
49.6
704
6.0
10,511

23,172
12,699
54.8
12,258
52.9
441
3.5
10,473

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

218,341
133,280
61.0
125,989
57.7
7,291
5.5
85,061

218,448
134,509
61.6
129,919
59.5
4,590
3.4
83,939

105,760
69,751
66.0
65,685
62.1
4,066
5.8
36,009

106,412
70,364
66.1
67,947
63.9
2,417
3.4
36,048

112,581
63,529
56.4
60,303
53.6
3,226
5.1
49,052

112,037
64,146
57.3
61,972
55.3
2,173
3.4
47,891

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

May
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

2,337
1,543
756
37
149,442
139,977
20,613
119,364
586
118,778
9,370
94

2,265
1,435
798
32
155,726
146,650
21,128
125,521
591
124,931
9,030
46

2,399
1,574
801
24
156,210
146,725
20,985
125,740
610
125,130
9,410
75

2,291
1,527
732
–
149,381
139,967
20,475
119,334
–
118,732
9,265
–

2,326
1,501
771
–
154,598
145,993
21,274
124,240
–
123,512
9,089
–

2,383
1,525
801
–
155,094
146,263
20,971
124,886
–
124,144
9,175
–

2,378
1,571
758
–
155,871
146,955
21,296
125,204
–
124,505
9,260
–

2,349
1,505
800
–
155,729
146,638
20,948
125,371
–
124,658
9,086
–

2,355
1,553
776
–
156,183
146,455
20,885
125,619
–
124,955
9,291
–

5,046
3,843
1,012
19,364

3,822
2,500
1,077
21,479

4,115
2,858
1,002
20,822

5,267
4,016
998
19,362

3,717
2,430
969
20,198

4,135
2,707
1,060
20,667

4,170
2,880
1,055
20,870

4,033
2,647
1,071
20,826

4,328
2,996
999
20,806

5,016
3,819
1,012
18,984

3,777
2,472
1,071
21,092

4,033
2,796
993
20,447

5,227
3,983
995
18,991

3,620
2,400
960
19,839

4,105
2,672
1,053
20,275

4,149
2,842
1,049
20,498

3,996
2,617
1,064
20,435

4,235
2,927
988
20,438

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

May
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

151,778
5,327
1,967
3,361
146,451
13,082
133,369
97,419
34,470
32,567
30,383
35,949

157,991
5,319
2,115
3,204
152,672
13,532
139,140
101,849
35,523
34,696
31,630
37,292

158,609
5,472
2,068
3,404
153,137
13,667
139,471
101,954
35,609
34,773
31,573
37,516

151,550
5,428
2,083
3,357
146,122
13,178
133,035
97,287
34,436
32,517
30,334
35,748

157,174
5,550
2,188
3,378
151,624
13,756
137,840
100,647
34,985
34,147
31,515
37,193

157,722
5,474
2,295
3,205
152,248
13,834
138,412
101,109
35,125
34,535
31,448
37,304

158,458
5,660
2,310
3,392
152,798
13,774
139,055
101,769
35,367
34,695
31,707
37,287

158,105
5,601
2,316
3,307
152,504
13,673
138,737
101,605
35,472
34,612
31,522
37,132

158,426
5,571
2,194
3,396
152,855
13,768
139,047
101,734
35,569
34,675
31,490
37,313

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80,430
2,643
967
1,677
77,786
6,709
71,077
51,835
18,382
17,590
15,863
19,242

83,922
2,598
1,018
1,580
81,324
6,887
74,436
54,296
18,830
18,636
16,830
20,141

84,379
2,730
1,000
1,730
81,649
6,991
74,658
54,412
18,832
18,708
16,872
20,246

80,197
2,708
1,016
1,695
77,489
6,727
70,878
51,740
18,371
17,541
15,828
19,138

83,518
2,751
1,022
1,744
80,767
7,032
73,752
53,693
18,555
18,420
16,718
20,059

84,247
2,774
1,131
1,659
81,473
7,059
74,457
54,227
18,788
18,696
16,743
20,230

84,465
2,911
1,137
1,804
81,554
6,975
74,613
54,331
18,782
18,696
16,852
20,282

84,089
2,754
1,097
1,662
81,334
6,958
74,340
54,259
18,851
18,605
16,803
20,081

84,218
2,795
1,054
1,748
81,422
7,009
74,406
54,258
18,830
18,628
16,800
20,147

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71,348
2,684
1,000
1,684
68,664
6,373
62,291
45,584
16,087
14,976
14,520
16,707

74,069
2,721
1,097
1,624
71,348
6,644
64,704
47,553
16,693
16,060
14,800
17,151

74,230
2,742
1,068
1,674
71,488
6,676
64,813
47,543
16,777
16,065
14,701
17,270

71,353
2,719
1,067
1,663
68,633
6,451
62,157
45,547
16,065
14,976
14,506
16,610

73,656
2,799
1,166
1,634
70,857
6,725
64,088
46,954
16,430
15,727
14,798
17,134

73,475
2,699
1,164
1,546
70,775
6,775
63,955
46,882
16,338
15,838
14,705
17,074

73,992
2,748
1,173
1,589
71,244
6,799
64,442
47,438
16,584
15,999
14,855
17,004

74,017
2,847
1,219
1,645
71,170
6,715
64,397
47,346
16,621
16,007
14,718
17,051

74,208
2,776
1,140
1,648
71,432
6,759
64,641
47,475
16,739
16,047
14,690
17,165

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43,849
34,986
9,711

45,496
36,221
10,014

45,531
36,455
10,019

43,673
34,935
–

45,342
35,885
–

45,648
35,870
–

45,325
36,043
–

45,259
35,999
–

45,306
36,356
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,579
25,199

131,362
26,629

132,820
25,789

126,514
25,189

131,164
25,817

131,806
25,801

132,718
25,902

132,067
26,091

132,800
25,766

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,249
4.8

7,532
4.8

7,313
4.6

7,235
4.8

7,486
4.8

7,431
4.7

7,370
4.7

7,539
4.8

7,302
4.6

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,063
10,126

6,678
9,828

6,823
10,211

–
9,998

–
9,860

–
9,976

–
10,018

–
9,886

–
10,067

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

May
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,251
578
205
369
8,673
1,474
7,135
5,336
2,116
1,715
1,505
1,808

5,941
636
223
442
5,305
1,016
4,234
3,190
1,461
1,033
697
1,045

5,950
645
248
395
5,305
993
4,255
3,245
1,451
1,045
749
1,031

5.8
9.6
9.0
9.9
5.6
10.1
5.1
5.2
5.8
5.0
4.7
4.8

4.0
10.9
11.3
10.6
3.7
7.3
3.4
3.5
4.3
3.5
2.6
3.1

3.8
10.3
10.2
10.1
3.6
7.5
3.3
3.3
4.1
3.3
2.5
3.0

3.6
10.0
8.6
10.9
3.4
7.5
2.9
3.0
3.9
2.8
2.2
2.6

3.6
10.2
8.8
11.8
3.4
6.9
3.0
3.0
4.0
2.9
2.2
2.7

3.6
10.4
10.2
10.4
3.4
6.7
3.0
3.1
3.9
2.9
2.3
2.7

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,110
302
94
215
4,808
820
3,927
3,009
1,202
981
826
918

3,288
327
120
228
2,961
611
2,302
1,715
835
538
341
587

3,148
322
102
224
2,827
530
2,239
1,691
773
543
376
548

6.0
10.0
8.5
11.2
5.8
10.9
5.2
5.5
6.1
5.3
5.0
4.6

4.1
11.5
13.5
10.2
3.8
8.6
3.4
3.5
4.4
3.5
2.4
3.2

3.8
11.1
9.0
12.4
3.5
7.8
3.2
3.2
3.9
3.3
2.3
3.2

3.6
10.0
8.7
10.7
3.4
8.5
2.8
2.9
4.0
2.8
1.9
2.6

3.8
10.6
9.8
12.1
3.5
8.1
3.0
3.1
4.2
2.8
2.0
2.8

3.6
10.3
8.8
11.4
3.4
7.0
2.9
3.0
3.9
2.8
2.2
2.6

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,141
276
111
154
3,866
655
3,208
2,327
914
734
679
883

2,653
308
103
214
2,344
405
1,932
1,475
626
494
355
482

2,802
324
146
170
2,479
464
2,016
1,554
678
502
373
480

5.5
9.2
9.4
8.5
5.3
9.2
4.9
4.9
5.4
4.7
4.5
5.0

3.9
10.2
9.3
11.0
3.6
5.9
3.4
3.5
4.2
3.5
2.8
3.1

3.9
9.4
11.2
7.6
3.6
7.2
3.3
3.5
4.4
3.3
2.7
2.9

3.6
10.0
8.5
11.2
3.3
6.4
3.0
3.1
3.9
2.7
2.6
2.6

3.5
9.8
7.8
11.5
3.2
5.7
2.9
3.0
3.6
3.0
2.4
2.7

3.6
10.4
11.4
9.4
3.4
6.4
3.0
3.2
3.9
3.0
2.5
2.7

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,565
1,324
687

870
778
420

911
841
525

3.5
3.7
6.6

2.0
2.4
5.0

1.9
2.3
5.3

1.7
2.1
4.8

1.9
2.1
4.0

2.0
2.3
5.0

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,802
1,365

4,729
1,187

4,722
1,157

5.8
5.1

3.9
4.4

3.8
4.0

3.5
4.2

3.5
4.4

3.4
4.3

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

May
2021

Apr.
2022

Seasonally adjusted

May
2022

May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

5,384
1,562
3,821
3,113
709
737
2,224
483

2,650
731
1,919
1,373
546
752
1,654
402

2,323
545
1,778
1,304
474
719
1,989
516

5,822
1,820
4,001
3,228
773
783
2,174
526

3,220
959
2,261
1,630
632
952
1,959
433

3,044
888
2,156
1,583
573
963
1,947
417

2,831
787
2,044
1,392
652
787
1,985
463

2,839
853
1,987
1,386
601
793
1,882
515

2,736
810
1,927
1,386
541
764
1,943
535

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

61.0
17.7
43.3
8.4
25.2
5.5

48.6
13.4
35.2
13.8
30.3
7.4

41.9
9.8
32.0
13.0
35.9
9.3

62.6
19.6
43.0
8.4
23.4
5.7

49.1
14.6
34.5
14.5
29.8
6.6

47.8
13.9
33.8
15.1
30.6
6.6

46.7
13.0
33.7
13.0
32.7
7.6

47.1
14.1
33.0
13.1
31.2
8.5

45.8
13.5
32.2
12.8
32.5
8.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3.4
0.5
1.4
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.0
0.2

1.4
0.4
1.2
0.3

3.6
0.5
1.4
0.3

2.0
0.6
1.2
0.3

1.9
0.6
1.2
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

May
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

Seasonally adjusted
May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,963
1,793
5,073
1,381
3,692

1,895
1,344
2,219
814
1,405

1,994
1,449
2,105
826
1,279

1,974
2,218
4,995
1,230
3,765

2,417
1,607
2,507
816
1,691

2,131
1,800
2,437
735
1,702

2,289
1,684
1,999
571
1,428

2,227
1,617
2,033
551
1,483

2,066
1,767
2,017
661
1,356

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30.7
19.9

26.6
10.4

23.2
9.4

29.4
19.3

24.6
10.1

26.6
9.6

24.2
7.5

25.0
7.5

22.5
9.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22.2
20.3
57.5
15.6
41.8

34.7
24.6
40.7
14.9
25.7

35.9
26.1
37.9
14.9
23.1

21.5
24.1
54.4
13.4
41.0

37.0
24.6
38.4
12.5
25.9

33.5
28.3
38.3
11.5
26.7

38.3
28.2
33.5
9.6
23.9

37.9
27.5
34.6
9.4
25.2

35.3
30.2
34.5
11.3
23.2

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

May
2021

May
2022

May
2021

May
2022

May
2021

May
2022

151,778
64,268

158,609
67,652

8,829
1,879

5,548
1,098

5.5
2.8

3.4
1.6

27,876
36,392
24,023
30,363
14,265
16,098

28,870
38,782
26,025
30,434
14,477
15,957

833
1,046
1,965
1,868
980
889

422
677
1,153
1,267
633
635

2.9
2.8
7.6
5.8
6.4
5.2

1.4
1.7
4.2
4.0
4.2
3.8

14,100
1,155
7,922
5,022

14,290
1,002
8,514
4,774

995
109
670
216

535
54
403
78

6.6
8.6
7.8
4.1

3.6
5.1
4.5
1.6

19,025
7,769
11,256

20,209
8,281
11,928

1,628
529
1,099

968
334
634

7.9
6.4
8.9

4.6
3.9
5.0

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

May
2021

May
2022

May
2021

May
2022

8,829
7,154
64
642
705
467
238
1,301
566
157
292
952
840
1,294
341
138
474
579

5,548
4,353
24
392
422
256
166
819
348
70
193
583
620
681
200
49
356
273

5.5
5.7
9.6
6.7
4.8
5.0
4.3
6.6
7.2
5.8
3.0
5.4
3.4
10.1
5.3
8.4
2.2
5.3

3.4
3.3
4.1
3.8
2.8
2.7
2.9
4.2
4.1
2.9
1.9
3.1
2.5
5.1
3.1
3.1
1.7
2.6

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

May
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

May
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022

May
2022

3.2

1.4

1.3

3.1

1.5

1.5

1.2

1.2

1.2

3.4

1.6

1.4

3.6

2.0

1.9

1.7

1.7

1.7

5.5

3.3

3.4

5.8

4.0

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.6

5.8

3.6

3.6

6.1

4.2

4.1

3.8

3.9

3.9

6.6

4.3

4.2

6.9

4.9

4.7

4.4

4.6

4.5

9.7

6.6

6.7

10.1

7.1

7.2

6.9

7.0

7.1

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

May
2021

Men
May
2022

May
2021

Women
May
2022

May
2021

May
2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

100,603
7,087
1,872
551
1,321

99,521
6,180
1,417
379
1,038

41,040
3,482
1,018
317
701

41,158
2,996
758
207
551

59,563
3,605
854
234
620

58,364
3,184
659
172
487

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,249
4.8
4,041
1,668
373
1,093

7,313
4.6
4,295
1,714
372
868

3,570
4.4
2,143
574
226
592

3,545
4.2
2,184
607
261
462

3,679
5.2
1,898
1,094
147
501

3,768
5.1
2,112
1,107
110
406

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

145,304
123,111
20,220

149,905
127,478
20,645

150,964
128,463
20,865

151,773
129,293
21,076

145,141
123,165
20,209

150,856
128,680
20,922

151,292
129,085
20,991

151,682
129,418
21,050

Change
from:
Apr.2022 May2022p
390
333
59

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

556
43.7
512.2
114.8
175.0
36.3
41.1

601
45.5
555.1
129.7
172.9
37.0
42.8

609
40.8
567.9
136.2
176.5
37.4
43.1

614
41.7
572.1
136.5
179.9
37.7
43.6

560
45.5
514.5
116.0
173.7
36.3
41.2

605
45.6
559.0
130.9
176.5
36.8
43.0

613
44.4
568.3
137.3
176.4
37.0
43.4

618
43.9
574.1
137.4
178.7
37.7
43.6

5
-0.5
5.8
0.1
2.3
0.7
0.2

97.6
222.4

93.1
252.5

96.0
255.2

98.6
255.7

96.2
224.8

96.7
251.6

96.0
254.6

97.4
258.0

1.4
3.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,432
1,637.1
853.1
784.0
1,070.2
4,725.1
2,187.5
2,537.6

7,393
1,662.6
873.2
789.4
1,005.1
4,725.6
2,193.4
2,532.2

7,554
1,684.4
886.2
798.2
1,067.9
4,802.1
2,225.3
2,576.8

7,715
1,713.2
903.7
809.5
1,110.2
4,891.1
2,269.2
2,621.9

7,381
1,639.6
853.5
786.1
1,044.1
4,697.7
2,175.9
2,521.8

7,628
1,699.7
893.3
806.4
1,070.8
4,857.2
2,242.8
2,614.4

7,628
1,706.9
897.9
809.0
1,072.5
4,848.8
2,242.8
2,606.0

7,664
1,714.3
902.9
811.4
1,083.8
4,866.2
2,254.5
2,611.7

36
7.4
5.0
2.4
11.3
17.4
11.7
5.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,232

12,651

12,702

12,747

12,268

12,689

12,750

12,768

7,605
402.4
402.5
347.3
1,373.7
1,050.2
1,054.2
156.5
85.4

7,873
427.2
402.6
360.1
1,427.1
1,084.3
1,068.3
158.8
84.7

7,902
430.4
408.5
359.3
1,427.1
1,087.6
1,072.3
160.1
84.5

7,925
432.4
415.5
361.3
1,435.0
1,088.6
1,077.5
160.5
83.9

7,616
406.5
398.2
348.4
1,374.9
1,052.3
1,056.3
156.9
85.6

7,887
427.4
410.0
359.7
1,428.0
1,086.3
1,070.2
159.5
84.1

7,921
431.2
408.9
360.5
1,429.6
1,092.2
1,074.8
160.2
84.5

7,932
435.0
410.8
362.2
1,436.7
1,089.0
1,079.2
160.8
84.2

11
3.8
1.9
1.7
7.1
-3.2
4.4
0.6
-0.3

366.1
416.3

375.1
418.9

376.2
419.9

378.7
423.9

367.0
416.5

375.5
419.8

377.7
420.5

379.4
423.9

1.7
3.4

29.9
392.0
1,606.1
931.2
368.9

30.8
407.3
1,677.9
989.4
385.8

31.6
408.5
1,692.0
1,002.1
382.7

30.5
408.6
1,683.3
992.3
386.0

30.3
393.6
1,608.6
933.4
369.8

31.3
408.2
1,674.0
989.3
387.1

32.0
409.4
1,693.5
996.8
386.1

31.0
410.0
1,685.6
993.3
387.1

-1.0
0.6
-7.9
-3.5
1.0

607.6

632.4

633.2

636.6

607.7

635.6

634.8

635.9

1.1

4,627
1,610.1
97.3
103.2
91.5
344.5
365.4
106.1
865.2
720.3

4,778
1,666.8
99.6
106.4
94.6
358.4
371.6
104.2
889.3
744.7

4,800
1,668.0
100.5
106.0
93.7
358.5
375.5
107.9
890.8
747.9

4,822
1,678.1
100.7
105.7
95.7
359.2
377.1
108.7
893.9
748.8

4,652
1,632.1
97.0
103.3
91.2
345.8
366.6
105.2
867.0
720.6

4,802
1,682.5
100.0
106.1
94.9
357.2
373.4
107.0
888.7
740.8

4,829
1,690.2
101.1
105.8
94.2
358.4
377.8
108.5
890.7
746.6

4,836
1,696.3
100.4
105.7
95.1
359.5
377.4
107.7
894.4
746.2

7
6.1
-0.7
-0.1
0.9
1.1
-0.4
-0.8
3.7
-0.4

323.5

342.6

350.8

354.1

322.8

351.5

355.9

353.0

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

102,891

106,833

107,598

108,217

102,956

107,758

108,094

108,368

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,335

28,361

28,357

28,420

27,538

28,569

28,650

28,651

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

18

5,657.1
3,108.7
2,067.6

5,789.3
3,191.2
2,113.7

5,823.6
3,206.7
2,127.2

5,860.6
3,227.1
2,138.5

5,655.6
3,110.7
2,061.6

5,814.7
3,201.3
2,128.2

5,837.6
3,213.2
2,134.2

5,851.7
3,223.6
2,132.4

-2.9
274
1
14.1
10.4
-1.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
May
2022p

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Change
from:
Apr.2022 May2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

480.8

484.4

489.7

495.0

483.3

485.2

490.2

495.7

5.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,227.4
1,944.8
1,222.0
175.1
547.7
439.6
415.3

15,669.9
1,960.1
1,235.4
167.0
557.7
444.6
428.6

15,658.6
1,966.9
1,236.5
170.1
560.3
436.9
427.6

15,641.9
1,972.5
1,235.9
175.6
561.0
435.2
425.8

15,313.6
1,938.5
1,220.8
169.2
548.6
443.3
423.8

15,804.9
1,966.8
1,235.6
171.5
559.6
445.7
432.9

15,817.2
1,967.3
1,236.6
169.2
561.4
441.7
432.7

15,756.5
1,966.4
1,235.0
169.8
561.5
439.6
433.5

-60.7
-0.9
-1.6
0.6
0.1
-2.1
0.8

1,459.1
3,104.9
1,024.3
928.6
997.6

1,402.1
3,145.7
1,067.5
953.5
1,047.1

1,388.4
3,154.9
1,058.6
960.9
1,048.3

1,411.8
3,158.6
1,049.3
973.1
1,053.3

1,398.7
3,124.4
1,030.1
933.1
1,030.7

1,385.9
3,156.9
1,071.0
967.7
1,088.9

1,367.2
3,179.1
1,062.7
972.9
1,092.9

1,359.9
3,170.8
1,057.4
975.7
1,084.1

-7.3
-8.3
-5.3
2.8
-8.8

510.6
2,982.1
891.2

522.0
3,227.2
949.2

523.6
3,211.6
937.3

528.4
3,140.2
927.4

524.6
3,040.2
932.7

539.2
3,252.4
975.9

540.4
3,255.8
971.7

543.8
3,223.1
966.7

3.4
-32.7
-5.0

2,090.9
803.9
616.6

2,278.0
830.2
641.3

2,274.3
842.7
638.2

2,212.8
856.8
636.9

2,107.5
798.3
627.9

2,276.6
844.7
652.8

2,284.1
851.7
652.8

2,256.3
850.3
651.9

-27.8
-1.4
-0.9

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,909.1
463.3
147.0
57.0
1,497.6

6,363.8
537.9
145.9
56.7
1,534.6

6,337.7
541.8
146.2
58.3
1,549.5

6,379.0
549.9
146.2
60.5
1,572.0

6,026.6
461.7
147.3
56.5
1,510.9

6,410.6
539.1
145.7
58.6
1,554.0

6,456.8
543.2
145.9
58.8
1,568.0

6,503.8
548.9
146.4
59.6
1,581.3

47.0
5.7
0.5
0.8
13.3

389.5
49.7
22.0
707.4
985.8
1,589.8

407.4
49.6
21.2
765.3
1,074.1
1,771.1

408.8
50.3
22.4
768.5
1,030.7
1,761.2

413.7
50.2
26.8
768.6
1,029.7
1,761.4

375.1
49.7
20.2
712.9
1,067.6
1,624.7

394.1
49.7
25.7
766.9
1,110.2
1,766.6

394.7
50.3
24.9
771.3
1,116.0
1,783.7

398.2
50.2
25.2
774.7
1,117.9
1,801.4

3.5
-0.1
0.3
3.4
1.9
17.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

541.1

537.7

537.1

538.3

542.3

538.3

538.8

539.3

0.5

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,796
787.9

2,926
814.2

2,944
816.9

2,959
816.4

2,803
790.3

2,936
814.6

2,951
819.1

2,967
818.7

16
-0.4

354.4
235.7
662.5

412.1
233.6
658.9

414.7
232.8
662.9

428.2
233.6
656.4

354.8
235.9
665.8

424.7
233.2
656.2

420.7
233.4
660.3

431.3
233.5
658.9

10.6
0.1
-1.4

379.7
375.3

405.4
401.4

412.2
404.8

417.8
406.3

379.3
376.7

404.7
402.7

411.6
406.2

416.8
407.7

5.2
1.5

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,720
6,487.1
20.7

8,855
6,554.9
20.7

8,901
6,577.3
20.7

8,920
6,563.7
20.7

8,747
6,507.8
20.8

8,905
6,562.5
20.8

8,940
6,589.9
20.8

8,948
6,583.5
20.8

8
-6.4
0.0

2,700.1
1,742.4
1,362.1
628.6
329.1

2,714.5
1,732.1
1,341.0
641.9
340.5

2,715.1
1,726.6
1,335.0
647.6
340.9

2,710.9
1,728.5
1,333.9
645.8
336.6

2,705.4
1,741.8
1,360.2
633.4
330.3

2,716.0
1,731.6
1,339.5
645.0
339.3

2,717.8
1,729.0
1,337.4
649.5
339.2

2,716.3
1,728.0
1,333.1
650.4
337.9

-1.5
-1.0
-4.3
0.9
-1.3

980.9
2,785.4
2,233.1
1,728.9
483.9

1,007.4
2,812.3
2,300.4
1,769.4
510.9

1,012.3
2,829.2
2,323.6
1,784.4
518.1

1,014.8
2,817.3
2,356.6
1,799.9
535.4

986.4
2,795.2
2,239.3
1,735.5
483.3

1,013.6
2,812.1
2,342.1
1,795.8
525.8

1,018.2
2,833.1
2,350.0
1,801.8
526.9

1,019.4
2,827.0
2,364.0
1,809.2
533.4

1.2
-6.1
14.0
7.4
6.5

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
May
2022p

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Change
from:
Apr.2022 May2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

20.3

20.1

21.1

21.3

20.5

20.5

21.3

21.4

0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,993
9,738.6
1,144.5
1,013.9
1,527.5
139.4

21,911
10,309.5
1,169.8
1,165.6
1,587.6
146.5

22,100
10,380.6
1,172.8
1,160.8
1,602.9
149.4

22,154
10,318.3
1,174.0
1,066.1
1,615.7
152.2

21,023
9,804.9
1,148.8
1,049.9
1,531.8
139.5

22,090
10,299.9
1,174.9
1,078.7
1,609.6
148.8

22,139
10,340.1
1,178.2
1,086.3
1,615.0
150.3

22,214
10,388.3
1,178.8
1,101.9
1,620.3
151.9

75
48.2
0.6
15.6
5.3
1.6

2,271.6

2,385.1

2,413.6

2,420.3

2,278.0

2,404.7

2,414.2

2,427.3

13.1

1,608.1

1,716.7

1,731.7

1,735.2

1,615.4

1,731.8

1,737.4

1,744.2

6.8

812.1
439.0
782.5
2,324.6
8,929.8
8,478.8
540.9
155.5
3,419.9
2,777.3
800.0

856.3
476.3
805.6
2,360.1
9,241.6
8,776.9
572.7
153.5
3,827.0
3,126.3
786.4

862.0
477.0
810.4
2,358.9
9,360.8
8,894.5
582.4
153.6
3,791.4
3,091.5
790.6

867.8
474.6
812.4
2,365.3
9,470.7
9,000.2
587.0
149.3
3,825.4
3,120.7
784.7

816.4
440.2
785.0
2,330.8
8,887.1
8,435.4
539.1
156.2
3,447.1
2,803.2
814.2

861.8
476.7
812.9
2,366.9
9,422.8
8,952.9
577.1
153.0
3,857.3
3,141.4
791.1

866.5
477.3
814.8
2,365.1
9,433.3
8,962.8
582.4
154.4
3,854.5
3,148.0
801.8

872.5
475.4
816.0
2,371.9
9,453.4
8,981.6
584.8
150.8
3,875.7
3,167.3
800.0

6.0
-1.9
1.2
6.8
20.1
18.8
2.4
-3.6
21.2
19.3
-1.8

134.7
914.0
2,222.5
291.3

147.8
913.0
2,066.9
309.6

151.4
916.0
2,191.1
318.0

153.8
917.1
2,262.9
320.0

133.6
911.3
2,142.1
291.8

150.2
913.5
2,196.9
313.8

151.8
913.9
2,186.5
317.5

152.5
914.7
2,184.2
318.9

0.7
0.8
-2.3
1.4

451.0

464.7

466.3

470.5

451.7

469.9

470.5

471.8

1.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,645
3,571.4
20,073.2
15,990.8
7,847.2
2,728.6
990.7
1,003.4
993.6
305.7
1,513.8

24,231
3,892.9
20,338.5
16,169.4
8,076.9
2,798.2
1,020.4
1,065.8
1,015.9
313.6
1,546.5

24,314
3,911.7
20,402.7
16,211.3
8,107.1
2,810.1
1,023.9
1,073.1
1,013.7
316.5
1,553.8

24,290
3,827.0
20,463.0
16,245.0
8,120.3
2,819.2
1,025.5
1,072.0
1,013.8
316.6
1,557.2

23,620
3,550.6
20,069.3
16,017.8
7,846.2
2,728.6
990.3
1,001.0
993.7
306.0
1,515.0

24,124
3,753.5
20,370.0
16,202.8
8,091.9
2,803.0
1,024.0
1,070.8
1,013.9
313.1
1,551.3

24,184
3,769.3
20,414.2
16,239.6
8,113.7
2,811.7
1,025.2
1,073.5
1,014.0
315.1
1,558.3

24,258
3,801.8
20,456.3
16,267.9
8,120.1
2,817.5
1,026.1
1,069.6
1,015.1
316.5
1,559.0

74
32.5
42.1
28.3
6.4
5.8
0.9
-3.9
1.1
1.4
0.7

311.4
5,110.2
3,033.4
1,374.4
609.2

316.5
5,134.4
2,958.1
1,333.8
593.9

316.0
5,137.7
2,966.5
1,334.3
598.5

316.0
5,145.9
2,978.8
1,338.9
601.1

311.5
5,127.1
3,044.5
1,383.7
609.1

315.8
5,137.6
2,973.3
1,342.7
595.2

316.0
5,144.4
2,981.5
1,346.8
599.2

316.4
5,160.7
2,987.1
1,348.1
600.6

0.4
16.3
5.6
1.3
1.4

895.4
154.4
4,082.4
2,712.2
194.0
273.2
903.0

874.3
156.1
4,169.1
2,752.7
200.9
274.4
941.1

879.2
154.5
4,191.4
2,765.8
201.2
275.3
949.1

884.0
154.8
4,218.0
2,784.0
200.3
274.6
959.1

896.9
154.7
4,051.5
2,703.2
194.9
273.3
880.0

878.8
156.7
4,167.2
2,758.1
199.8
277.2
932.1

879.9
155.6
4,174.6
2,763.0
200.9
275.4
935.3

882.9
155.4
4,188.4
2,776.0
201.1
274.6
936.8

3.0
-0.2
13.8
13.0
0.2
-0.8
1.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14,006
1,979.0
367.8

14,942
2,081.0
440.1

15,332
2,204.8
491.4

15,782
2,336.9
512.2

13,830
1,923.5
352.8

15,471
2,256.6
473.4

15,554
2,275.3
488.1

15,638
2,291.5
498.3

84
16.2
10.2

137.3

144.4

150.9

159.4

136.4

154.6

154.9

158.3

3.4

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Change
from:
Apr.2022 May2022p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,473.9
12,027.4
1,404.0
10,623.4

1,496.5
12,861.3
1,595.8
11,265.5

1,562.5
13,126.8
1,645.7
11,481.1

1,665.3
13,444.7
1,711.8
11,732.9

1,434.3
11,906.4
1,424.5
10,481.9

1,628.6
13,214.2
1,692.2
11,522.0

1,632.3
13,279.1
1,715.3
11,563.8

1,634.9
13,346.6
1,736.7
11,609.9

2.6
67.5
21.4
46.1

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,396
1,333.1
1,336.8
2,726.1

5,607
1,406.3
1,420.7
2,780.0

5,650
1,416.2
1,437.7
2,796.5

5,692
1,427.1
1,454.1
2,810.3

5,395
1,327.4
1,330.3
2,737.1

5,663
1,413.1
1,439.8
2,809.8

5,676
1,416.2
1,443.2
2,816.1

5,692
1,422.1
1,450.0
2,820.1

16
5.9
6.8
4.0

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,193
2,888
2,287.9
600.3
5,204
2,517.8
2,686.2
14,101
7,788.7
6,312.6

22,427
2,853
2,246.4
606.8
5,349
2,730.3
2,618.4
14,225
7,961.8
6,262.8

22,501
2,861
2,254.0
606.9
5,376
2,747.7
2,628.4
14,264
7,969.9
6,293.6

22,480
2,879
2,280.8
598.4
5,254
2,626.5
2,627.9
14,347
7,982.6
6,364.4

21,976
2,889
2,286.8
601.9
5,231
2,545.4
2,685.8
13,856
7,540.7
6,314.8

22,176
2,876
2,266.8
609.3
5,213
2,587.8
2,625.2
14,087
7,727.1
6,360.3

22,207
2,875
2,266.8
607.7
5,224
2,596.8
2,627.5
14,108
7,742.2
6,365.8

22,264
2,880
2,275.9
603.9
5,260
2,633.1
2,626.9
14,124
7,756.6
6,367.0

57
5
9.1
-3.8
36
36.3
-0.6
16
14.4
1.2

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.9
40.0
45.1
39.0
40.4
40.6
40.1
33.9
34.7
39.2
30.9
39.3
42.7
37.1
37.6
36.6
33.4
26.4
32.5

34.6
40.1
45.8
38.7
40.7
41.0
40.1
33.6
34.0
39.4
30.2
37.8
42.4
36.9
37.7
36.7
33.5
25.9
32.3

34.6
40.0
45.1
38.8
40.5
40.9
39.9
33.6
34.0
39.2
30.1
38.1
42.4
36.8
37.6
36.7
33.5
26.0
32.3

34.6
40.1
46.0
39.0
40.4
40.7
39.9
33.5
34.0
39.1
30.1
38.2
42.6
36.6
37.5
36.6
33.5
25.9
32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.3
3.2
3.4

3.4
3.4
3.4

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.2
3.2
3.3

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$30.36
30.84
34.71
32.74
29.53
31.01
27.08
30.25
26.16
33.46
21.82
26.19
44.66
44.20
40.05
36.27
29.74
18.01
27.30

$31.75
32.03
35.73
34.14
30.62
32.19
27.97
31.69
27.42
34.70
22.81
27.81
46.80
45.23
40.99
38.31
31.27
19.66
28.11

$31.85
32.18
35.39
34.34
30.76
32.36
28.09
31.78
27.47
34.79
22.77
27.96
46.61
45.37
41.05
38.55
31.35
19.76
28.02

$31.95
32.29
35.70
34.56
30.78
32.41
28.05
31.88
27.62
34.85
22.85
28.23
47.31
45.71
40.96
38.65
31.44
19.86
28.16

$1,059.56
1,233.60
1,565.42
1,276.86
1,193.01
1,259.01
1,085.91
1,025.48
907.75
1,311.63
674.24
1,029.27
1,906.98
1,639.82
1,505.88
1,327.48
993.32
475.46
887.25

$1,098.55
1,284.40
1,636.43
1,321.22
1,246.23
1,319.79
1,121.60
1,064.78
932.28
1,367.18
688.86
1,051.22
1,984.32
1,668.99
1,545.32
1,405.98
1,047.55
509.19
907.95

$1,102.01
1,287.20
1,596.09
1,332.39
1,245.78
1,323.52
1,120.79
1,067.81
933.98
1,363.77
685.38
1,065.28
1,976.26
1,669.62
1,543.48
1,414.79
1,050.23
513.76
905.05

$1,105.47
1,294.83
1,642.20
1,347.84
1,243.51
1,319.09
1,119.20
1,067.98
939.08
1,362.64
687.79
1,078.39
2,015.41
1,672.99
1,536.00
1,414.59
1,053.24
514.37
909.57

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2022 May
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107.9
92.1
79.4
99.2
89.2
87.1
93.1
112.4
104.3
97.8
96.1
136.1
100.2
95.0
107.8
120.6
128.8
104.2
101.1

111.8
95.6
87.1
101.8
92.9
91.0
96.1
116.6
106.0
101.1
96.9
139.2
98.7
98.9
110.0
127.1
132.0
114.3
105.5

112.1
95.7
86.9
102.0
92.9
91.2
96.2
116.9
106.3
100.9
96.7
141.3
98.8
99.2
110.1
127.4
132.3
115.4
105.7

112.4
96.2
89.3
103.0
92.8
90.9
96.3
116.9
106.3
100.9
96.3
142.8
99.4
99.2
109.9
127.5
132.7
115.6
106.0

0.3
0.5
2.8
1.0
-0.1
-0.3
0.1
0.0
0.0
0.0
-0.4
1.1
0.6
0.0
-0.2
0.1
0.3
0.2
0.3

1

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2022 May
2022p

156.6
128.4
110.6
141.2
122.4
119.9
127.9
165.2
147.1
136.9
138.6
181.3
147.8
149.5
168.3
177.2
184.3
151.4
151.3

169.7
138.4
124.9
150.9
132.3
130.2
136.4
179.6
156.7
146.7
146.1
197.0
152.7
159.3
175.9
197.2
198.5
181.3
162.5

170.7
139.1
123.4
152.2
132.9
131.1
137.1
180.6
157.5
146.9
145.5
201.1
152.2
160.2
176.4
198.9
199.5
184.0
162.3

171.7
140.4
128.0
154.7
132.8
130.8
137.1
181.1
158.3
147.1
145.4
205.0
155.4
161.4
175.7
199.5
200.7
185.2
163.6

0.6
0.9
3.7
1.6
-0.1
-0.2
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.1
-0.1
1.9
2.1
0.7
-0.4
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.8

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

72,298
59,637
4,595
75
1,003
3,517
1,864
1,653
55,042
10,855
1,713.8
7,456.0
1,550.0
135.1
1,113
4,927
9,721
18,204
7,356
2,866
12,661

75,053
62,184
4,800
79
1,062
3,659
1,947
1,712
57,384
11,308
1,760.5
7,700.8
1,712.0
134.9
1,168
4,971
10,217
18,530
8,179
3,011
12,869

75,312
62,415
4,825
80
1,062
3,683
1,959
1,724
57,590
11,343
1,774.5
7,707.7
1,724.8
135.8
1,173
4,980
10,263
18,579
8,238
3,014
12,897

75,493
62,601
4,847
80
1,071
3,696
1,963
1,733
57,754
11,340
1,784.8
7,678.6
1,740.3
136.1
1,185
4,989
10,280
18,650
8,290
3,020
12,892

49.8
48.4
22.7
13.4
13.6
28.7
24.5
35.5
53.5
39.4
30.3
48.7
25.7
24.9
39.7
56.3
46.2
77.1
53.2
53.1
57.6

49.8
48.3
22.9
13.1
13.9
28.8
24.7
35.7
53.3
39.6
30.3
48.7
26.7
25.1
39.8
55.8
46.3
76.8
52.9
53.2
58.0

49.8
48.4
23.0
13.1
13.9
28.9
24.7
35.7
53.3
39.6
30.4
48.7
26.7
25.2
39.7
55.7
46.4
76.8
53.0
53.1
58.1

49.8
48.4
23.0
12.9
14.0
28.9
24.7
35.8
53.3
39.6
30.5
48.7
26.8
25.2
39.9
55.8
46.3
76.9
53.0
53.1
57.9

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

100,217
14,372
414
5,456
8,502
5,180
3,322
85,845
23,249
4,500.9
13,088.2
5,228.2
431.9
2,214
6,608
16,863
20,633
11,940
4,338

104,827
14,992
456
5,635
8,901
5,463
3,438
89,835
24,113
4,634.3
13,446.6
5,603.1
429.1
2,336
6,702
17,649
20,999
13,449
4,587

105,182
15,048
459
5,638
8,951
5,488
3,463
90,134
24,187
4,653.7
13,468.3
5,635.4
430.0
2,353
6,722
17,707
21,035
13,534
4,596

105,420
15,082
461
5,661
8,960
5,482
3,478
90,338
24,152
4,659.0
13,405.3
5,658.1
429.3
2,360
6,731
17,770
21,094
13,619
4,612

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.3
40.9
46.5
39.6
41.5
41.6
41.4
33.2
34.4
38.9
30.9
38.8
42.7
36.9
37.4
36.3
32.7
25.1
31.5

34.1
40.9
47.5
39.3
41.5
41.8
41.1
33.0
34.0
39.4
30.5
37.5
42.0
36.6
37.5
36.4
32.7
24.8
31.3

34.1
40.9
47.1
39.6
41.3
41.6
40.9
32.9
34.1
39.3
30.6
37.7
42.5
36.6
37.5
36.3
32.5
24.7
31.3

34.1
41.0
47.9
39.9
41.3
41.4
41.0
33.0
34.2
39.3
30.6
37.9
42.8
36.4
37.3
36.3
32.7
24.7
31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.2
4.3
4.1

4.2
4.3
4.0

4.1
4.3
3.9

4.1
4.3
3.9

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$25.67
26.31
30.87
30.27
23.64
24.67
22.03
25.54
22.19
27.50
18.43
23.50
39.72
36.90
30.30
30.33
26.77
15.86
23.50

$27.06
27.53
32.32
31.72
24.74
25.89
22.90
26.96
23.60
28.76
19.42
25.74
41.38
36.92
31.55
32.14
28.38
17.50
24.22

$27.18
27.60
32.08
31.75
24.83
26.04
22.89
27.09
23.71
28.86
19.47
25.94
41.70
36.75
31.75
32.36
28.54
17.58
24.30

$27.33
27.84
32.08
32.19
24.94
26.15
23.00
27.22
23.86
29.08
19.51
26.18
41.94
37.10
32.04
32.44
28.62
17.73
24.34

$880.48
1,076.08
1,435.46
1,198.69
981.06
1,026.27
912.04
847.93
763.34
1,069.75
569.49
911.80
1,696.04
1,361.61
1,133.22
1,100.98
875.38
398.09
740.25

$922.75
1,125.98
1,535.20
1,246.60
1,026.71
1,082.20
941.19
889.68
802.40
1,133.14
592.31
965.25
1,737.96
1,351.27
1,183.13
1,169.90
928.03
434.00
758.09

$926.84
1,128.84
1,510.97
1,257.30
1,025.48
1,083.26
936.20
891.26
808.51
1,134.20
595.78
977.94
1,772.25
1,345.05
1,190.63
1,174.67
927.55
434.23
760.59

$931.95
1,141.44
1,536.63
1,284.38
1,030.02
1,082.61
943.00
898.26
816.01
1,142.84
597.01
992.22
1,795.03
1,350.44
1,195.09
1,177.57
935.87
437.93
761.84

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2022 May
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114.5
89.8
102.3
108.2
81.0
81.0
81.0
121.4
111.8
103.9
102.3
153.5
94.3
93.2
116.3
136.9
143.9
109.8
95.8

119.1
93.7
115.1
110.9
84.8
85.8
83.3
126.3
114.7
108.4
103.8
159.0
92.2
97.6
118.3
143.6
146.4
122.2
100.7

119.5
94.1
114.9
111.8
84.9
85.8
83.5
126.3
115.3
108.5
104.3
160.8
93.5
98.3
118.6
143.7
145.8
122.4
100.9

119.8
94.5
117.3
113.1
84.9
85.3
84.0
127.0
115.5
108.7
103.8
162.3
94.0
98.0
118.2
144.2
147.1
123.2
101.2

0.3
0.4
2.1
1.2
0.0
-0.6
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.2
-0.5
0.9
0.5
-0.3
-0.3
0.3
0.9
0.7
0.3

1

May
2021

Mar.
2022

Apr.
2022p

May
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2022 May
2022p

196.5
144.7
183.7
176.8
125.2
124.7
126.1
212.7
177.4
168.7
161.6
229.6
156.4
170.3
216.8
246.9
254.2
197.7
164.1

215.4
158.0
216.4
189.9
137.2
138.7
134.7
233.6
193.4
184.0
172.7
260.5
159.2
178.4
229.6
274.5
274.2
242.8
177.7

217.1
158.9
214.3
191.7
137.8
139.4
135.0
234.8
195.4
184.9
174.0
265.5
162.7
178.8
231.7
276.6
274.6
244.5
178.6

218.8
161.1
218.9
196.6
138.6
139.2
136.6
237.1
197.0
186.5
173.5
270.4
164.5
180.1
232.9
278.2
277.8
248.1
179.5

0.8
1.4
2.1
2.6
0.6
-0.1
1.2
1.0
0.8
0.9
-0.3
1.8
1.1
0.7
0.5
0.6
1.2
1.5
0.5

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.