Full text of The Employment Situation : May 2015

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, June 5, 2015

USDL-15-1057

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MAY 2015
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 280,000 in May, and the unemployment rate was
essentially unchanged at 5.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains
occurred in professional and business services, leisure and hospitality, and health care. Mining
employment continued to decline.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
May 2013 – May 2015

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted, May 2013 – May 2015

Percent

Thousands

9.0

8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0
May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15

450
400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
May-13 Aug-13 Nov-13 Feb-14 May-14 Aug-14 Nov-14 Feb-15 May-15

Household Survey Data
In May, both the unemployment rate (5.5 percent) and the number of unemployed persons (8.7
million) were essentially unchanged. Both measures have shown little movement since February. (See
table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (5.0 percent), adult women
(5.0 percent), teenagers (17.9 percent), whites (4.7 percent), blacks (10.2 percent), Asians (4.1 percent),
and Hispanics (6.7 percent) showed little or no change in May. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)

The number of unemployed new entrants edged up by 103,000 in May but is about unchanged over the
year. Unemployed new entrants are those who never previously worked. (See table A-11.)
The number of persons unemployed for less than 5 weeks decreased by 311,000 to 2.4 million in May,
following an increase in April. The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or
more) held at 2.5 million in May and accounted for 28.6 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12
months, the number of long-term unemployed is down by 849,000. (See table A-12.)
In May, the civilian labor force rose by 397,000, and the labor force participation rate was little
changed at 62.9 percent. Since April 2014, the participation rate has remained within a narrow range of
62.7 percent to 62.9 percent. The employment-population ratio, at 59.4 percent, was essentially
unchanged in May. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was about unchanged at 6.7 million in May and has shown little
movement in recent months. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were
working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time
job. (See table A-8.)
In May, 1.9 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, down by 268,000 from a
year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted
and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 563,000 discouraged workers in May, down by 134,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.3
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in May had not searched for work for reasons
such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 280,000 in May, compared with an average monthly gain
of 251,000 over the prior 12 months. In May, job gains occurred in professional and business services,
leisure and hospitality, and health care. Employment in mining continued to decline. (See table B-1.)
Professional and business services added 63,000 jobs in May and 671,000 jobs over the year. In May,
employment increased in computer systems design and related services (+10,000). Employment
continued to trend up in temporary help services (+20,000), in management and technical consulting
services (+7,000), and in architectural and engineering services (+5,000).
Employment in leisure and hospitality increased by 57,000 in May, following little change in the prior
2 months. In May, employment edged up in arts, entertainment, and recreation (+29,000). Employment
in food services and drinking places has shown little net change over the past 3 months.
Health care added 47,000 jobs in May. Within the industry, employment in ambulatory care services
(which includes home health care services and outpatient care centers) rose by 28,000. Hospitals added
16,000 jobs over the month. Over the past year, health care has added 408,000 jobs.
-2-

Employment in retail trade edged up in May (+31,000). Over the prior 12 months, the industry had
added an average of 24,000 jobs per month. Within retail trade, automobile dealers added 8,000 jobs in
May.
Construction employment continued to trend up over the month (+17,000) and has increased by
273,000 over the past year.
In May, employment continued on an upward trend in transportation and warehousing (+13,000).
Truck transportation added 9,000 jobs over the month.
In May, employment continued to trend up in financial activities (+13,000). Over the past 12 months,
the industry has added 160,000 jobs, with about half of the gain in insurance carriers and related
activities.
Employment in mining fell for the fifth month in a row, with a decline of 17,000 in May. The loss was
in support activities for mining. Employment in mining has decreased by 68,000 thus far this year, after
increasing by 41,000 in 2014.
Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, wholesale trade, information, and
government, showed little change over the month.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.5 hours in May.
The manufacturing workweek was unchanged at 40.7 hours, and factory overtime remained at 3.3 hours.
The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls
edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In May, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 8 cents to
$24.96. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.3 percent. Average hourly earnings of
private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 6 cents to $20.97 in May. (See
tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for March was revised from +85,000 to +119,000, and
the change for April was revised from +223,000 to +221,000. With these revisions, employment gains in
March and April combined were 32,000 more than previously reported. Over the past 3 months, job
gains have averaged 207,000 per month.
_____________
The Employment Situation for June is scheduled to be released on Thursday, July 2, 2015, at
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

Change from:
Apr. 2015May 2015

May
2015

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

247,622
155,629
62.8
145,868
58.9
9,761
6.3
91,993

250,080
156,906
62.7
148,331
59.3
8,575
5.5
93,175

250,266
157,072
62.8
148,523
59.3
8,549
5.4
93,194

250,455
157,469
62.9
148,795
59.4
8,674
5.5
92,986

189
397
0.1
272
0.1
125
0.1
-208

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

6.3
5.9
5.7
19.2
5.4
11.4
5.6
7.7

5.5
5.1
4.9
17.5
4.7
10.1
3.2
6.8

5.4
5.0
4.9
17.1
4.7
9.6
4.4
6.9

5.5
5.0
5.0
17.9
4.7
10.2
4.1
6.7

0.1
0.0
0.1
0.8
0.0
0.6
-0.3
-0.2

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

5.2
9.2
6.5
5.5
3.2

4.4
8.6
5.3
4.8
2.5

4.5
8.6
5.4
4.7
2.7

4.5
8.6
5.8
4.4
2.7

0.0
0.0
0.4
-0.3
0.0

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

4,959
872
2,869
1,063

4,189
875
2,689
815

4,136
828
2,685
868

4,267
829
2,615
971

131
1
-70
103

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,553
2,401
1,451
3,351

2,488
2,312
1,253
2,563

2,729
2,307
1,139
2,525

2,418
2,532
1,293
2,502

-311
225
154
-23

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

7,268
4,404
2,558
19,149

6,705
4,069
2,337
19,733

6,580
3,885
2,374
20,056

6,652
3,891
2,390
19,961

72
6
16
-95

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

2,130
697

2,055
738

2,115
756

1,862
563

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

236
238
25
2
11
12
19
7.3
-7
213
6.5
10.6
20.2
0.2
-5
9
54
13.4
56
54.2
57
5
-2

119
117
-20
-14
-12
6
6
5.8
0
137
5.4
31.6
1.9
0.8
-2
13
39
15.8
42
36.3
6
0
2

221
206
21
-15
35
1
0
4.1
1
185
-2.3
13.3
10.8
0.8
8
8
66
16.1
64
59.6
10
6
15

280
262
6
-18
17
7
1
6.6
6
256
4.1
31.4
13.1
1.1
-3
13
63
20.1
74
57.7
57
2
18

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

264
258

195
193

202
195

207
195

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (263 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (80 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.4
47.9
82.6

49.3
47.9
82.5

49.3
47.9
82.4

49.4
47.9
82.5

34.5
$24.40
$841.80
100.7
0.2
117.3
0.4

34.5
$24.85
$857.33
102.9
-0.2
122.0
0.1

34.5
$24.88
$858.36
103.0
0.1
122.4
0.3

34.5
$24.96
$861.12
103.3
0.3
123.0
0.5

67.5
63.1

59.3
46.9

58.4
51.9

61.6
48.8

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.pdf.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit http://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 143,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 588,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:


The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.



The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.



The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.



The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 105,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -55,000 to +155,000
(50,000 +/- 105,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

May
2014

Apr.
2015

May
2015

May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

247,622
155,841
62.9
146,398
59.1
9,443
6.1
91,782
7,031

250,266
156,554
62.6
148,587
59.4
7,966
5.1
93,712
6,096

250,455
157,719
63.0
149,349
59.6
8,370
5.3
92,736
6,536

247,622
155,629
62.8
145,868
58.9
9,761
6.3
91,993
6,454

249,723
157,180
62.9
148,201
59.3
8,979
5.7
92,544
6,358

249,899
157,002
62.8
148,297
59.3
8,705
5.5
92,898
6,538

250,080
156,906
62.7
148,331
59.3
8,575
5.5
93,175
6,369

250,266
157,072
62.8
148,523
59.3
8,549
5.4
93,194
6,258

250,455
157,469
62.9
148,795
59.4
8,674
5.5
92,986
6,058

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

119,582
82,723
69.2
77,619
64.9
5,104
6.2
36,859

120,831
83,358
69.0
78,996
65.4
4,362
5.2
37,473

120,927
84,020
69.5
79,474
65.7
4,546
5.4
36,907

119,582
82,592
69.1
77,345
64.7
5,247
6.4
36,990

120,559
83,771
69.5
78,869
65.4
4,903
5.9
36,787

120,647
83,772
69.4
79,006
65.5
4,766
5.7
36,875

120,738
83,694
69.3
79,014
65.4
4,680
5.6
37,044

120,831
83,805
69.4
79,203
65.5
4,602
5.5
37,026

120,927
83,892
69.4
79,201
65.5
4,691
5.6
37,035

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111,126
80,020
72.0
75,459
67.9
4,562
5.7
31,106

112,400
80,670
71.8
76,749
68.3
3,921
4.9
31,730

112,498
81,102
72.1
77,137
68.6
3,965
4.9
31,396

111,126
79,836
71.8
75,159
67.6
4,677
5.9
31,291

112,117
80,804
72.1
76,496
68.2
4,308
5.3
31,313

112,209
80,831
72.0
76,588
68.3
4,243
5.2
31,379

112,304
80,752
71.9
76,653
68.3
4,099
5.1
31,552

112,400
80,884
72.0
76,805
68.3
4,079
5.0
31,516

112,498
80,915
71.9
76,833
68.3
4,082
5.0
31,583

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128,040
73,118
57.1
68,779
53.7
4,339
5.9
54,923

129,434
73,196
56.6
69,591
53.8
3,605
4.9
56,238

129,528
73,699
56.9
69,875
53.9
3,824
5.2
55,829

128,040
73,037
57.0
68,523
53.5
4,513
6.2
55,004

129,165
73,408
56.8
69,332
53.7
4,076
5.6
55,756

129,252
73,230
56.7
69,291
53.6
3,939
5.4
56,023

129,342
73,211
56.6
69,317
53.6
3,894
5.3
56,131

129,434
73,267
56.6
69,320
53.6
3,947
5.4
56,167

129,528
73,577
56.8
69,594
53.7
3,983
5.4
55,951

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

119,852
70,274
58.6
66,466
55.5
3,809
5.4
49,577

121,246
70,509
58.2
67,303
55.5
3,206
4.5
50,737

121,342
70,874
58.4
67,493
55.6
3,381
4.8
50,467

119,852
70,170
58.5
66,164
55.2
4,006
5.7
49,682

120,970
70,558
58.3
66,983
55.4
3,575
5.1
50,412

121,060
70,370
58.1
66,901
55.3
3,469
4.9
50,690

121,152
70,330
58.1
66,874
55.2
3,455
4.9
50,823

121,246
70,419
58.1
66,935
55.2
3,483
4.9
50,828

121,342
70,731
58.3
67,178
55.4
3,553
5.0
50,611

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,644
5,546
33.3
4,473
26.9
1,072
19.3
11,098

16,619
5,375
32.3
4,536
27.3
840
15.6
11,244

16,615
5,743
34.6
4,718
28.4
1,025
17.8
10,872

16,644
5,623
33.8
4,545
27.3
1,078
19.2
11,021

16,636
5,817
35.0
4,722
28.4
1,096
18.8
10,819

16,630
5,801
34.9
4,808
28.9
993
17.1
10,829

16,624
5,824
35.0
4,804
28.9
1,021
17.5
10,800

16,619
5,769
34.7
4,784
28.8
986
17.1
10,849

16,615
5,823
35.0
4,784
28.8
1,039
17.9
10,792

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

May
2014

Apr.
2015

May
2015

May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

195,310
123,443
63.2
117,029
59.9
6,414
5.2
71,867

196,574
123,089
62.6
117,642
59.8
5,448
4.4
73,484

196,673
124,087
63.1
118,457
60.2
5,630
4.5
72,586

195,310
123,278
63.1
116,662
59.7
6,617
5.4
72,031

196,307
124,119
63.2
118,035
60.1
6,084
4.9
72,189

196,392
123,875
63.1
117,992
60.1
5,883
4.7
72,517

196,482
123,739
63.0
117,886
60.0
5,853
4.7
72,743

196,574
123,510
62.8
117,719
59.9
5,791
4.7
73,064

196,673
123,875
63.0
118,048
60.0
5,827
4.7
72,798

64,482
72.4
61,389
68.9
3,094
4.8

64,613
72.0
61,870
69.0
2,744
4.2

64,942
72.3
62,297
69.4
2,645
4.1

64,332
72.2
61,129
68.6
3,203
5.0

64,871
72.4
61,953
69.2
2,918
4.5

64,920
72.4
62,015
69.2
2,906
4.5

64,899
72.4
62,023
69.2
2,876
4.4

64,764
72.2
61,919
69.0
2,845
4.4

64,790
72.2
62,037
69.1
2,753
4.2

54,599
58.2
52,043
55.5
2,556
4.7

54,238
57.4
52,115
55.1
2,123
3.9

54,619
57.7
52,347
55.3
2,271
4.2

54,508
58.1
51,850
55.3
2,657
4.9

54,683
57.9
52,267
55.4
2,416
4.4

54,401
57.6
52,105
55.2
2,296
4.2

54,256
57.4
51,998
55.0
2,258
4.2

54,198
57.3
51,912
54.9
2,286
4.2

54,481
57.6
52,121
55.1
2,359
4.3

4,361
35.2
3,598
29.0
763
17.5

4,239
34.4
3,657
29.7
582
13.7

4,526
36.7
3,812
30.9
714
15.8

4,439
35.8
3,682
29.7
757
17.0

4,565
37.0
3,814
30.9
751
16.4

4,554
36.9
3,872
31.4
682
15.0

4,584
37.2
3,865
31.3
719
15.7

4,548
36.9
3,888
31.5
660
14.5

4,604
37.4
3,890
31.6
714
15.5

30,787
18,717
60.8
16,618
54.0
2,099
11.2
12,070

31,293
19,380
61.9
17,648
56.4
1,731
8.9
11,913

31,326
19,443
62.1
17,489
55.8
1,953
10.0
11,883

30,787
18,747
60.9
16,604
53.9
2,143
11.4
12,041

31,188
19,040
61.0
17,071
54.7
1,969
10.3
12,148

31,222
19,101
61.2
17,122
54.8
1,979
10.4
12,122

31,257
19,055
61.0
17,129
54.8
1,926
10.1
12,202

31,293
19,397
62.0
17,529
56.0
1,868
9.6
11,896

31,326
19,428
62.0
17,441
55.7
1,988
10.2
11,898

8,516
66.9
7,516
59.1
1,000
11.7

8,868
68.3
8,095
62.3
773
8.7

8,927
68.7
7,994
61.5
933
10.5

8,519
67.0
7,536
59.2
983
11.5

8,676
67.1
7,757
60.0
919
10.6

8,710
67.3
7,805
60.3
905
10.4

8,711
67.2
7,841
60.5
870
10.0

8,926
68.7
8,109
62.5
817
9.2

8,905
68.5
7,995
61.5
911
10.2

9,504
61.1
8,619
55.4
885
9.3

9,868
62.4
9,067
57.3
801
8.1

9,798
61.9
8,990
56.8
808
8.2

9,529
61.3
8,586
55.2
943
9.9

9,667
61.3
8,824
56.0
843
8.7

9,665
61.3
8,809
55.8
857
8.9

9,703
61.4
8,807
55.8
895
9.2

9,792
61.9
8,928
56.4
864
8.8

9,808
61.9
8,946
56.5
862
8.8

696
27.7
483
19.2
214
30.7

643
25.8
486
19.5
157
24.4

718
28.8
506
20.3
212
29.6

699
27.8
482
19.2
217
31.0

697
27.9
490
19.6
207
29.7

726
29.1
508
20.4
218
30.0

642
25.7
481
19.3
161
25.0

678
27.2
491
19.7
187
27.5

715
28.7
500
20.1
215
30.1

13,771

14,290

14,403

13,771

14,253

14,291

14,296

14,290

14,403

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

May
2014
8,755
63.6
8,287
60.2
467
5.3
5,016

Apr.
2015
9,023
63.1
8,644
60.5
379
4.2
5,267

May
2015
9,157
63.6
8,804
61.1
353
3.9
5,246

May
2014
8,778
63.7
8,288
60.2
490
5.6
4,993

Jan.
2015
8,899
62.4
8,540
59.9
359
4.0
5,355

Feb.
2015
9,038
63.2
8,680
60.7
358
4.0
5,253

Mar.
2015
8,934
62.5
8,646
60.5
288
3.2
5,363

Apr.
2015
9,038
63.3
8,644
60.5
394
4.4
5,251

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

May
2015
9,169
63.7
8,794
61.1
375
4.1
5,234

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

May
2014

Apr.
2015

May
2015

May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

38,277
25,183
65.8
23,360
61.0
1,823
7.2
13,093

39,405
26,092
66.2
24,443
62.0
1,650
6.3
13,312

39,483
26,179
66.3
24,521
62.1
1,658
6.3
13,304

38,277
25,169
65.8
23,234
60.7
1,934
7.7
13,108

39,165
26,047
66.5
24,305
62.1
1,742
6.7
13,118

39,244
25,962
66.2
24,238
61.8
1,724
6.6
13,282

39,323
26,087
66.3
24,319
61.8
1,768
6.8
13,236

39,405
26,167
66.4
24,354
61.8
1,813
6.9
13,237

39,483
26,149
66.2
24,385
61.8
1,764
6.7
13,334

13,965
80.7
13,100
75.7
865
6.2

14,442
81.3
13,646
76.8
796
5.5

14,505
81.5
13,676
76.8
829
5.7

13,946
80.6
13,038
75.3
909
6.5

14,479
82.1
13,647
77.3
832
5.7

14,465
81.8
13,601
76.9
864
6.0

14,465
81.6
13,627
76.9
837
5.8

14,484
81.6
13,614
76.7
870
6.0

14,479
81.4
13,615
76.5
863
6.0

10,172
58.8
9,404
54.3
767
7.5

10,556
58.8
9,876
55.0
680
6.4

10,575
58.8
9,936
55.2
639
6.0

10,147
58.6
9,336
53.9
811
8.0

10,344
58.0
9,704
54.4
640
6.2

10,309
57.7
9,685
54.2
625
6.1

10,435
58.3
9,755
54.5
680
6.5

10,526
58.6
9,802
54.6
725
6.9

10,537
58.6
9,854
54.8
684
6.5

1,047
28.6
856
23.4
191
18.2

1,094
29.6
920
24.9
174
15.9

1,099
29.7
910
24.6
190
17.3

1,076
29.4
861
23.5
215
19.9

1,224
33.2
954
25.9
270
22.1

1,187
32.2
952
25.8
235
19.8

1,187
32.2
937
25.4
250
21.1

1,157
31.3
938
25.4
218
18.9

1,133
30.6
916
24.8
217
19.2

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

May
2014

Apr.
2015

May
2015

May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

11,131
45.3
10,181
41.5
950
8.5

11,544
46.6
10,577
42.7
967
8.4

11,481
45.9
10,561
42.2
919
8.0

10,816
44.1
9,825
40.0
991
9.2

11,439
46.0
10,468
42.1
971
8.5

11,126
46.3
10,196
42.4
929
8.4

11,089
45.1
10,134
41.2
955
8.6

11,338
45.7
10,367
41.8
971
8.6

11,153
44.6
10,192
40.7
961
8.6

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,302
58.2
34,091
54.7
2,211
6.1

35,565
57.2
33,712
54.2
1,853
5.2

35,442
57.4
33,515
54.3
1,927
5.4

36,162
58.0
33,811
54.2
2,351
6.5

35,418
57.9
33,492
54.8
1,926
5.4

35,371
57.4
33,464
54.3
1,907
5.4

35,656
57.3
33,752
54.2
1,904
5.3

35,577
57.2
33,639
54.1
1,938
5.4

35,341
57.2
33,304
53.9
2,037
5.8

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,001
66.8
35,037
63.3
1,964
5.3

37,715
67.3
36,044
64.3
1,671
4.4

37,403
67.0
35,841
64.2
1,562
4.2

37,267
67.3
35,223
63.6
2,044
5.5

37,479
67.2
35,540
63.8
1,939
5.2

37,490
66.8
35,588
63.4
1,902
5.1

37,558
67.6
35,755
64.4
1,803
4.8

37,755
67.4
35,996
64.2
1,759
4.7

37,594
67.4
35,934
64.4
1,660
4.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

50,248
75.4
48,760
73.2
1,487
3.0

51,314
74.8
50,013
72.9
1,301
2.5

52,052
75.2
50,722
73.3
1,329
2.6

50,206
75.4
48,619
73.0
1,587
3.2

51,550
74.4
50,084
72.3
1,466
2.8

51,583
74.4
50,172
72.3
1,411
2.7

51,272
74.3
50,007
72.5
1,265
2.5

51,156
74.6
49,758
72.5
1,399
2.7

51,938
75.0
50,518
73.0
1,419
2.7

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

May
2014

Men
May
2015

May
2014

Women
May
2015

May
2014

May
2015

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,213
10,667
50.3
10,129
47.7
538
5.0
10,546

21,251
10,767
50.7
10,227
48.1
541
5.0
10,484

18,963
9,300
49.0
8,840
46.6
459
4.9
9,663

19,255
9,514
49.4
9,054
47.0
460
4.8
9,741

2,250
1,367
60.8
1,288
57.3
79
5.8
883

1,996
1,253
62.8
1,173
58.8
81
6.4
743

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,053
2,444
80.0
2,314
75.8
130
5.3
609

3,610
2,946
81.6
2,787
77.2
160
5.4
663

2,458
2,055
83.6
1,953
79.4
102
5.0
403

2,988
2,512
84.1
2,380
79.6
132
5.3
476

595
389
65.4
361
60.6
28
7.3
206

621
434
69.9
406
65.4
28
6.3
187

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,407
2,794
82.0
2,647
77.7
147
5.3
613

3,399
2,725
80.2
2,586
76.1
139
5.1
675

2,705
2,283
84.4
2,174
80.4
108
4.7
422

2,860
2,325
81.3
2,227
77.9
98
4.2
534

702
511
72.9
473
67.4
39
7.6
190

540
400
74.0
359
66.5
41
10.1
140

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,437
2,698
28.6
2,566
27.2
132
4.9
6,739

8,954
2,374
26.5
2,257
25.2
118
5.0
6,580

9,083
2,589
28.5
2,462
27.1
127
4.9
6,494

8,636
2,270
26.3
2,160
25.0
110
4.8
6,366

354
109
30.8
104
29.2
6
5.1
245

318
104
32.8
97
30.4
8
7.5
214

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,316
2,731
51.4
2,602
49.0
128
4.7
2,585

5,288
2,722
51.5
2,598
49.1
124
4.6
2,566

4,717
2,373
50.3
2,251
47.7
122
5.1
2,344

4,771
2,407
50.4
2,287
47.9
119
5.0
2,364

599
358
59.7
351
58.6
6
1.8
241

517
315
61.0
311
60.1
5
1.5
202

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

217,547
143,318
65.9
134,856
62.0
8,462
5.9
74,229

220,356
144,962
65.8
137,529
62.4
7,432
5.1
75,394

96,090
72,543
75.5
68,122
70.9
4,421
6.1
23,546

97,162
73,468
75.6
69,617
71.7
3,851
5.2
23,693

121,457
70,774
58.3
66,734
54.9
4,040
5.7
50,682

123,194
71,494
58.0
67,913
55.1
3,581
5.0
51,701

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

May
2014

May
2015

Persons with no disability
May
2014

May
2015

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

29,005
5,649
19.5
4,934
17.0
715
12.7
23,357

29,922
5,933
19.8
5,333
17.8
600
10.1
23,989

218,617
150,192
68.7
141,464
64.7
8,728
5.8
68,425

220,533
151,787
68.8
144,016
65.3
7,771
5.1
68,746

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,522
33.0
2,175
28.5
347
13.8
5,111

2,649
34.1
2,335
30.1
314
11.9
5,121

75,560
82.1
71,039
77.2
4,521
6.0
16,497

76,446
82.6
72,387
78.2
4,059
5.3
16,098

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,104
27.1
1,801
23.2
303
14.4
5,655

2,313
28.5
2,071
25.6
242
10.5
5,792

67,191
70.4
63,338
66.4
3,853
5.7
28,195

67,456
70.5
64,011
66.9
3,445
5.1
28,252

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,022
7.5
957
7.0
65
6.4
12,590

970
6.9
927
6.6
43
4.5
13,077

7,441
23.9
7,087
22.7
354
4.8
23,733

7,885
24.4
7,618
23.6
267
3.4
24,396

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

May
2014

Men
May
2015

May
2014

Women
May
2015

May
2014

May
2015

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

38,637
25,392
65.7
23,977
62.1
1,416
5.6
13,245

40,380
26,331
65.2
25,098
62.2
1,233
4.7
14,049

18,747
14,780
78.8
14,056
75.0
723
4.9
3,967

19,629
15,388
78.4
14,740
75.1
648
4.2
4,241

19,890
10,613
53.4
9,920
49.9
692
6.5
9,278

20,751
10,943
52.7
10,358
49.9
585
5.3
9,807

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

208,985
130,448
62.4
122,421
58.6
8,027
6.2
78,537

210,075
131,388
62.5
124,251
59.1
7,137
5.4
78,687

100,835
67,943
67.4
63,562
63.0
4,381
6.4
32,892

101,297
68,632
67.8
64,734
63.9
3,899
5.7
32,665

108,150
62,505
57.8
58,859
54.4
3,646
5.8
45,645

108,778
62,756
57.7
59,517
54.7
3,239
5.2
46,022

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

May
2014

Apr.
2015

May
2015

May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

2,101
1,312
767
22
144,297
135,781
20,247
115,534
867
114,667
8,432
84

2,294
1,463
799
32
146,293
137,371
20,840
116,531
793
115,738
8,837
84

2,431
1,536
866
30
146,918
137,648
20,902
116,746
770
115,976
9,207
63

2,054
1,295
741
–
143,843
135,334
20,050
115,312
–
114,481
8,399
–

2,419
1,566
835
–
145,743
136,949
20,330
116,664
–
115,724
8,725
–

2,430
1,572
833
–
145,880
137,447
20,582
116,890
–
116,042
8,386
–

2,559
1,628
893
–
145,699
136,830
20,246
116,654
–
115,839
8,685
–

2,435
1,610
794
–
146,111
137,148
20,455
116,707
–
115,899
8,826
–

2,405
1,536
828
–
146,417
137,175
20,613
116,572
–
115,821
9,142
–

6,960
4,177
2,519
19,410

6,356
3,728
2,370
20,992

6,363
3,673
2,434
20,192

7,268
4,404
2,558
19,149

6,810
4,012
2,460
19,822

6,635
3,847
2,426
19,837

6,705
4,069
2,337
19,733

6,580
3,885
2,374
20,056

6,652
3,891
2,390
19,961

6,917
4,144
2,510
19,117

6,277
3,674
2,354
20,622

6,272
3,624
2,416
19,824

7,201
4,359
2,546
18,861

6,690
3,951
2,432
19,446

6,539
3,791
2,415
19,505

6,620
4,028
2,302
19,374

6,501
3,835
2,352
19,705

6,541
3,830
2,419
19,603

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

May
2014

Apr.
2015

May
2015

May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

146,398
4,473
1,413
3,060
141,924
13,855
128,069
95,510
31,839
30,978
32,692
32,559

148,587
4,536
1,482
3,053
144,052
13,706
130,346
96,742
32,767
31,200
32,775
33,605

149,349
4,718
1,593
3,126
144,630
13,990
130,640
96,939
32,935
31,224
32,780
33,701

145,868
4,545
1,496
3,062
141,323
13,956
127,353
95,098
31,703
30,858
32,537
32,255

148,201
4,722
1,651
3,058
143,480
14,011
129,435
96,464
32,574
31,157
32,734
32,971

148,297
4,808
1,637
3,186
143,489
14,114
129,349
96,565
32,682
31,071
32,812
32,784

148,331
4,804
1,615
3,189
143,527
13,823
129,614
96,501
32,693
31,095
32,713
33,113

148,523
4,784
1,630
3,147
143,740
13,851
129,861
96,482
32,734
31,072
32,676
33,379

148,795
4,784
1,678
3,128
144,011
14,060
129,890
96,507
32,786
31,095
32,625
33,383

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

77,619
2,160
656
1,504
75,459
7,155
68,303
51,105
17,166
16,762
17,177
17,199

78,996
2,247
746
1,501
76,749
7,050
69,698
51,861
17,763
16,832
17,266
17,837

79,474
2,337
803
1,534
77,137
7,232
69,905
51,950
17,820
16,840
17,290
17,955

77,345
2,186
696
1,492
75,159
7,194
67,944
50,854
17,100
16,687
17,067
17,089

78,869
2,372
802
1,560
76,496
7,198
69,248
51,809
17,722
16,807
17,281
17,439

79,006
2,418
791
1,636
76,588
7,324
69,190
51,860
17,743
16,760
17,357
17,330

79,014
2,361
762
1,584
76,653
7,088
69,506
51,948
17,804
16,824
17,321
17,557

79,203
2,399
830
1,557
76,805
7,158
69,633
51,863
17,798
16,818
17,247
17,770

79,201
2,368
845
1,528
76,833
7,259
69,531
51,716
17,755
16,766
17,195
17,816

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

68,779
2,313
757
1,556
66,466
6,700
59,766
44,405
14,673
14,216
15,516
15,361

69,591
2,288
736
1,553
67,303
6,655
60,648
44,881
15,004
14,369
15,508
15,768

69,875
2,382
790
1,592
67,493
6,758
60,735
44,990
15,115
14,385
15,490
15,746

68,523
2,359
800
1,569
66,164
6,763
59,410
44,244
14,603
14,171
15,470
15,166

69,332
2,349
849
1,499
66,983
6,813
60,187
44,655
14,852
14,350
15,453
15,532

69,291
2,389
846
1,550
66,901
6,790
60,159
44,705
14,939
14,311
15,456
15,453

69,317
2,442
853
1,605
66,874
6,735
60,108
44,552
14,889
14,271
15,392
15,556

69,320
2,385
800
1,590
66,935
6,693
60,228
44,619
14,936
14,255
15,429
15,609

69,594
2,416
833
1,600
67,178
6,801
60,358
44,791
15,032
14,329
15,431
15,567

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

44,776
34,855
9,563

45,042
35,045
9,706

45,077
35,035
9,787

44,529
34,702
–

44,934
34,843
–

44,951
34,910
–

45,304
35,106
–

45,023
34,974
–

44,792
34,879
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

119,179
27,219

120,402
28,185

121,863
27,486

118,790
27,210

120,711
27,546

120,834
27,471

121,024
27,301

120,772
27,738

121,402
27,506

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,305
5.0

7,000
4.7

7,081
4.7

7,088
4.9

7,485
5.1

7,059
4.8

7,158
4.8

6,986
4.7

6,946
4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,396
9,199

5,378
9,636

5,457
10,073

–
9,139

–
9,560

–
9,220

–
9,579

–
9,620

–
9,970

1

Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

May
2014

Apr.
2015

May
2015

May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,761
1,078
448
628
8,683
1,739
6,984
5,446
2,251
1,653
1,541
1,531

8,549
986
407
560
7,563
1,466
6,054
4,687
2,003
1,387
1,297
1,377

8,674
1,039
402
629
7,635
1,584
6,057
4,771
2,012
1,427
1,332
1,290

6.3
19.2
23.0
17.0
5.8
11.1
5.2
5.4
6.6
5.1
4.5
4.5

5.7
18.8
19.9
18.2
5.2
9.8
4.6
4.8
5.9
4.4
4.1
4.1

5.5
17.1
18.6
16.4
5.1
10.0
4.5
4.6
5.4
4.5
3.8
4.3

5.5
17.5
18.1
17.1
5.0
10.4
4.4
4.5
5.6
4.1
3.7
3.9

5.4
17.1
20.0
15.1
5.0
9.6
4.5
4.6
5.8
4.3
3.8
4.0

5.5
17.9
19.3
16.7
5.0
10.1
4.5
4.7
5.8
4.4
3.9
3.7

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,247
570
230
335
4,677
974
3,753
2,935
1,262
894
778
818

4,602
522
220
280
4,079
844
3,207
2,427
1,011
704
712
780

4,691
609
238
361
4,082
900
3,194
2,473
1,061
748
664
721

6.4
20.7
24.8
18.3
5.9
11.9
5.2
5.5
6.9
5.1
4.4
4.6

5.9
20.0
20.8
19.4
5.3
11.5
4.6
4.7
5.8
4.4
3.9
4.1

5.7
17.8
19.2
17.3
5.2
10.9
4.6
4.6
5.6
4.3
3.9
4.6

5.6
19.8
20.5
19.6
5.1
11.2
4.4
4.5
5.6
4.1
3.7
4.1

5.5
17.9
21.0
15.2
5.0
10.5
4.4
4.5
5.4
4.0
4.0
4.2

5.6
20.5
22.0
19.1
5.0
11.0
4.4
4.6
5.6
4.3
3.7
3.9

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,513
507
218
293
4,006
765
3,232
2,511
989
759
763
715

3,947
464
187
280
3,483
622
2,847
2,260
992
683
585
602

3,983
430
163
269
3,553
684
2,863
2,298
951
679
668
585

6.2
17.7
21.4
15.7
5.7
10.2
5.2
5.4
6.3
5.1
4.7
4.5

5.6
17.6
19.0
16.9
5.1
7.9
4.7
4.9
5.9
4.4
4.4
4.1

5.4
16.4
18.0
15.4
4.9
9.0
4.5
4.6
5.2
4.7
3.8
4.0

5.3
15.2
15.8
14.5
4.9
9.5
4.4
4.6
5.7
4.2
3.7
3.7

5.4
16.3
18.9
15.0
4.9
8.5
4.5
4.8
6.2
4.6
3.7
3.7

5.4
15.1
16.4
14.4
5.0
9.1
4.5
4.9
6.0
4.5
4.1
3.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present..................... .
Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,527
1,433
873

1,392
1,222
730

1,329
1,189
717

3.3
4.0
8.4

2.9
3.3
8.1

3.0
3.2
7.7

2.8
3.1
8.1

3.0
3.4
7.0

2.9
3.3
6.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,143
1,597

7,068
1,443

7,214
1,420

6.4
5.5

5.9
4.9

5.7
4.9

5.6
4.9

5.5
4.9

5.6
4.9

1

Not seasonally adjusted.
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
3
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

May
2014

Apr.
2015

Seasonally adjusted

May
2015

May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

4,613
770
3,843
2,843
1,000
819
3,000
1,009

3,977
871
3,106
2,224
882
780
2,465
745

3,962
818
3,144
2,175
969
771
2,719
918

4,959
1,002
3,958
2,890
1,067
872
2,869
1,063

4,242
902
3,339
2,371
968
851
2,829
1,033

4,180
1,021
3,158
2,212
946
884
2,655
972

4,189
999
3,190
2,223
967
875
2,689
815

4,136
950
3,185
2,238
948
828
2,685
868

4,267
1,041
3,226
2,217
1,009
829
2,615
971

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

48.9
8.2
40.7
8.7
31.8
10.7

49.9
10.9
39.0
9.8
30.9
9.4

47.3
9.8
37.6
9.2
32.5
11.0

50.8
10.3
40.5
8.9
29.4
10.9

47.4
10.1
37.3
9.5
31.6
11.5

48.1
11.7
36.3
10.2
30.5
11.2

48.9
11.7
37.2
10.2
31.4
9.5

48.6
11.2
37.4
9.7
31.5
10.2

49.1
12.0
37.2
9.5
30.1
11.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3.0
0.5
1.9
0.6

2.5
0.5
1.6
0.5

2.5
0.5
1.7
0.6

3.2
0.6
1.8
0.7

2.7
0.5
1.8
0.7

2.7
0.6
1.7
0.6

2.7
0.6
1.7
0.5

2.6
0.5
1.7
0.6

2.7
0.5
1.7
0.6

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

May
2014

Apr.
2015

May
2015

Seasonally adjusted
May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,617
1,928
4,898
1,532
3,366

2,235
1,930
3,802
1,238
2,564

2,473
2,046
3,851
1,346
2,505

2,553
2,401
4,801
1,451
3,351

2,383
2,318
4,180
1,380
2,800

2,431
2,223
4,044
1,335
2,709

2,488
2,312
3,816
1,253
2,563

2,729
2,307
3,663
1,139
2,525

2,418
2,532
3,795
1,293
2,502

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35.9
15.9

32.8
13.5

31.9
12.6

34.3
14.5

32.3
13.4

31.7
13.1

30.7
12.2

30.8
11.7

30.7
11.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.7
20.4
51.9
16.2
35.6

28.1
24.2
47.7
15.5
32.2

29.5
24.4
46.0
16.1
29.9

26.2
24.6
49.2
14.9
34.3

26.8
26.1
47.1
15.5
31.5

27.9
25.6
46.5
15.4
31.1

28.9
26.8
44.3
14.5
29.8

31.4
26.5
42.1
13.1
29.0

27.6
29.0
43.4
14.8
28.6

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

May
2014

May
2015

May
2014

May
2015

May
2014

May
2015

146,398
56,202

149,349
58,155

9,443
1,795

8,370
1,460

6.1
3.1

5.3
2.4

23,145
33,057
26,173
33,530
15,861
17,669

23,891
34,264
26,296
33,838
15,962
17,876

802
993
1,952
2,254
1,161
1,093

709
751
1,853
1,909
987
923

3.3
2.9
6.9
6.3
6.8
5.8

2.9
2.1
6.6
5.3
5.8
4.9

13,499
1,008
7,692
4,799

13,754
1,086
7,821
4,847

1,098
110
797
192

977
112
632
233

7.5
9.8
9.4
3.8

6.6
9.3
7.5
4.6

16,994
8,252
8,742

17,306
8,481
8,825

1,312
630
682

1,212
549
664

7.2
7.1
7.2

6.5
6.1
7.0

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

May
2014

May
2015

May
2014

May
2015

9,443
7,243
26
747
826
516
310
1,313
321
163
456
1,028
876
1,113
372
102
622
467

8,370
6,379
72
569
702
405
297
1,237
261
90
214
963
806
1,117
348
151
491
431

6.1
5.9
2.6
8.6
5.3
5.2
5.5
6.4
5.2
5.5
4.8
6.5
3.9
8.1
5.7
7.4
3.0
4.8

5.3
5.2
7.2
6.7
4.6
4.1
5.4
6.0
4.2
3.3
2.3
6.1
3.5
7.9
5.3
9.2
2.3
4.1

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

May
2014

Apr.
2015

May
2015

May
2014

Jan.
2015

Feb.
2015

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015

May
2015

3.1

2.4

2.4

3.1

2.7

2.6

2.4

2.3

2.4

3.0

2.5

2.5

3.2

2.7

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.7

6.1

5.1

5.3

6.3

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.5

6.5

5.5

5.6

6.7

6.1

6.0

5.9

5.9

5.8

7.3

6.4

6.4

7.5

7.0

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.6

11.7

10.4

10.4

12.1

11.3

11.0

10.9

10.8

10.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

May
2014

Men
May
2015

May
2014

Women
May
2015

May
2014

May
2015

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

91,782
7,031
2,130
697
1,433

92,736
6,536
1,862
563
1,300

36,859
3,261
1,066
422
644

36,907
2,969
918
327
591

54,923
3,770
1,064
275
789

55,829
3,567
945
236
709

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,305
5.0
3,875
2,026
260
1,123

7,081
4.7
3,796
1,870
284
1,093

3,647
4.7
2,147
681
180
625

3,441
4.3
1,993
640
183
598

3,658
5.3
1,727
1,345
80
499

3,641
5.2
1,803
1,229
102
496

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

139,297
117,080
19,175

140,298
118,010
19,145

141,450
119,107
19,380

142,420
120,102
19,593

138,621
116,780
19,156

141,178
119,270
19,540

141,399
119,476
19,561

141,679
119,738
19,567

Change
from:
Apr.2015 May2015p
280
262
6

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

884
49.7
834.6
196.0
209.3
74.3
429.3

867
52.3
814.3
196.6
197.9
70.7
419.8

852
50.7
801.6
192.0
200.5
70.0
409.1

838
52.4
785.6
193.0
204.9
69.4
387.7

888
51.5
836.0
196.4
207.1
74.2
432.5

878
54.5
823.2
197.7
204.0
70.7
421.5

863
54.6
808.4
194.3
202.3
70.3
411.8

845
54.0
791.2
193.8
202.5
69.5
394.9

-18
-0.6
-17.2
-0.5
0.2
-0.8
-16.9

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

6,151
1,340.2
651.9
688.3
939.5
3,871.1
1,666.9
2,204.2

6,012
1,359.0
660.2
698.8
853.8
3,799.4
1,637.8
2,161.6

6,255
1,374.8
675.4
699.4
926.1
3,954.3
1,718.8
2,235.5

6,441
1,408.8
694.9
713.9
966.8
4,065.2
1,777.1
2,288.1

6,114
1,347.3
651.6
695.7
916.7
3,849.6
1,652.5
2,197.1

6,335
1,411.1
691.0
720.1
933.6
3,990.6
1,735.5
2,255.1

6,370
1,406.5
693.9
712.6
940.5
4,022.8
1,750.7
2,272.1

6,387
1,410.9
695.7
715.2
940.9
4,035.1
1,757.4
2,277.7

17
4.4
1.8
2.6
0.4
12.3
6.7
5.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,140

12,266

12,273

12,314

12,154

12,327

12,328

12,335

7

Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products1. . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,661
371.7
388.4
398.7
1,452.7
1,125.2
1,044.7
159.2
92.9

7,782
373.4
389.2
405.6
1,468.2
1,138.6
1,055.4
168.2
90.0

7,784
375.8
399.1
404.7
1,470.0
1,131.5
1,053.1
168.2
89.4

7,806
378.6
407.4
404.4
1,466.9
1,129.3
1,054.5
170.3
89.1

7,659
371.3
383.9
397.8
1,451.3
1,125.0
1,047.4
160.3
93.4

7,806
378.4
399.8
405.8
1,473.6
1,138.3
1,057.5
169.7
90.0

7,806
377.0
399.2
405.9
1,474.5
1,133.3
1,057.0
169.9
89.6

7,807
376.8
402.9
404.5
1,469.0
1,130.6
1,056.7
171.4
89.3

1
-0.2
3.7
-1.4
-5.5
-2.7
-0.3
1.5
-0.3

366.8
388.2
373.9
1,552.6
866.9
370.3

369.7
390.4
371.7
1,608.6
919.9
384.6

369.3
388.9
370.7
1,602.3
915.1
386.3

368.3
390.3
373.2
1,609.9
924.2
387.2

367.4
388.7
375.5
1,554.0
868.3
369.5

370.2
390.4
372.9
1,603.7
915.5
386.3

370.5
389.4
372.5
1,607.1
919.6
387.2

369.7
389.7
373.5
1,611.9
926.2
386.3

-0.8
0.3
1.0
4.8
6.6
-0.9

582.4

586.7

590.6

594.1

583.3

589.9

591.8

594.8

3.0

Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,479
1,461.6
117.0
113.1
139.6
373.2
453.6
111.3
801.0
673.7

4,484
1,469.9
118.7
113.3
137.9
365.4
446.7
102.4
809.0
684.8

4,489
1,465.4
118.8
113.7
135.8
366.3
447.2
108.1
808.9
686.9

4,508
1,466.8
119.8
114.5
136.8
366.5
447.8
109.5
810.5
691.1

4,495
1,478.8
117.0
113.6
139.8
373.5
453.9
110.3
801.1
672.0

4,521
1,492.3
118.8
114.3
137.5
367.1
447.7
105.0
810.0
686.1

4,522
1,487.1
118.8
114.9
136.2
367.0
448.0
108.7
811.0
686.6

4,528
1,486.6
119.4
115.0
136.8
366.9
447.2
108.9
811.9
689.6

6
-0.5
0.6
0.1
0.6
-0.1
-0.8
0.2
0.9
3.0

234.8

235.5

238.2

244.9

235.2

242.5

243.7

245.3

1.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

97,905

98,865

99,727

100,509

97,624

99,730

99,915

100,171

256

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26,228

26,454

26,570

26,791

26,297

26,787

26,810

26,860

50

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,826.9
2,908.4
2,021.5
897.0

907.7

907.2

910.2

895.8

911.9

909.4

910.6

1.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers1. . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,236.3
1,858.6
1,180.6

15,328.8
1,897.6
1,210.4

15,429.2
1,909.2
1,214.2

15,571.2
1,927.5
1,225.2

15,318.1
1,850.4
1,178.5

15,587.4
1,911.4
1,217.4

15,600.7
1,911.4
1,218.0

15,632.1
1,921.0
1,225.7

31.4
9.6
7.7

See footnotes at end of table.

5,873.4
2,935.0
2,030.7

5,889.0
2,938.6
2,043.2

5,915.3
2,951.2
2,053.9

5,814.4
2,907.1
2,011.5

5,903.6
2,945.3
2,046.4

5,901.3
2,947.4
2,044.5

5,905.4
2,948.6
2,046.2

4.1
1.2
1.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

Seasonally adjusted
May
2015p

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Change
from:
Apr.2015 May2015p

Retail trade - Continued
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

444.1
468.7

457.0
491.6

457.9
489.2

460.7
488.4

451.3
482.9

464.0
499.7

465.4
501.3

467.5
503.3

2.1
2.0

1,301.1
2,981.3
1,015.2
881.2
1,336.4

1,244.0
2,991.0
1,022.4
884.8
1,325.8

1,303.1
3,003.5
1,019.9
895.2
1,322.8

1,333.4
3,029.6
1,025.3
904.5
1,339.9

1,228.3
2,986.0
1,020.5
881.0
1,381.4

1,257.8
3,026.7
1,029.7
898.3
1,380.3

1,260.2
3,031.7
1,028.2
901.7
1,376.9

1,263.8
3,031.3
1,029.7
899.7
1,385.4

3.6
-0.4
1.5
-2.0
8.5

595.0
3,050.5
1,310.9
818.9
485.3

590.6
3,108.7
1,304.4
797.5
517.8

590.2
3,110.4
1,297.4
809.7
518.1

588.5
3,125.2
1,296.1
826.8
521.4

611.3
3,106.9
1,352.6
818.7
499.4

611.1
3,156.8
1,339.3
821.6
530.0

610.0
3,159.0
1,332.6
822.2
532.7

608.5
3,163.8
1,328.1
821.6
536.5

-1.5
4.8
-4.5
-0.6
3.8

4,613.2
443.0
234.7
67.7
1,413.0

4,693.3
442.3
244.4
64.8
1,413.5

4,694.2
445.6
246.0
65.2
1,423.7

4,742.7
447.3
246.6
65.4
1,448.2

4,614.1
441.1
234.2
67.5
1,411.5

4,736.7
443.5
245.1
66.1
1,439.6

4,747.5
445.3
246.3
66.1
1,441.3

4,760.6
445.9
246.4
65.3
1,449.9

13.1
0.6
0.1
-0.8
8.6

476.8
46.8
33.8
626.1
542.6
728.7

485.0
48.2
25.0
639.6
579.6
750.9

483.8
48.8
28.3
644.7
557.3
750.8

488.4
49.3
33.9
645.0
562.1
756.5

460.9
46.8
31.1
625.7
559.3
736.0

471.8
48.3
30.8
642.6
590.8
758.1

470.6
48.6
31.1
646.2
590.7
761.3

472.6
49.3
31.4
645.1
589.9
764.8

2.0
0.7
0.3
-1.1
-0.8
3.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

551.4

558.0

558.0

562.2

550.7

559.7

560.5

561.6

1.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,725
721.0

2,774
716.7

2,786
716.3

2,787
714.2

2,723
724.9

2,778
719.1

2,786
718.5

2,783
717.8

-3
-0.7

382.9
283.1
849.4

381.1
289.1
863.2

388.4
289.5
864.7

388.6
288.7
865.6

371.7
284.7
852.4

379.8
289.7
864.1

382.5
290.1
868.2

378.2
289.8
868.1

-4.3
-0.3
-0.1

276.0
212.1

292.1
231.7

294.7
232.6

296.6
233.3

275.3
213.9

292.6
233.0

292.9
233.8

295.6
233.9

2.7
0.1

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

7,940
5,896.7
18.3

8,046
5,999.8
18.4

8,060
5,998.4
18.2

8,101
6,019.8
18.2

7,951
5,913.8
18.5

8,090
6,011.7
18.5

8,098
6,020.7
18.4

8,111
6,033.5
18.3

13
12.8
-0.1

2,554.8
1,705.5
1,292.1

2,564.8
1,695.6
1,279.6

2,560.9
1,694.0
1,275.7

2,572.0
1,697.0
1,277.5

2,562.6
1,708.7
1,295.1

2,572.1
1,698.9
1,281.0

2,574.2
1,698.5
1,278.7

2,579.9
1,700.7
1,280.7

5.7
2.2
2.0

875.4
2,448.2
2,043.4
1,481.8
538.0
23.6

890.8
2,525.8
2,046.5
1,491.9
531.6
23.0

891.9
2,527.4
2,061.4
1,503.7
534.7
23.0

893.3
2,536.3
2,081.4
1,511.9
545.9
23.6

878.3
2,454.4
2,036.7
1,480.3
532.5
23.9

892.5
2,528.6
2,078.0
1,510.4
544.4
23.2

894.3
2,533.8
2,077.5
1,512.0
542.3
23.2

895.5
2,539.8
2,077.7
1,511.2
543.1
23.4

1.2
6.0
0.2
-0.8
0.8
0.2

19,002
8,254.2
1,115.4
906.2
1,371.0

19,343
8,620.4
1,115.8
1,116.3
1,396.2

19,602
8,665.0
1,117.3
1,099.5
1,409.7

19,688
8,547.8
1,119.0
944.0
1,421.8

19,005
8,310.4
1,118.8
952.3
1,372.6

19,547
8,562.7
1,119.8
997.7
1,415.6

19,613
8,585.1
1,121.9
996.0
1,417.9

19,676
8,603.9
1,122.2
990.2
1,422.4

63
18.8
0.3
-5.8
4.5

1,772.8

1,821.9

1,846.2

1,855.7

1,774.0

1,835.1

1,845.8

1,856.1

10.3

1,229.3
2,165.5

1,283.2
2,192.6

1,294.9
2,190.5

1,304.0
2,204.1

1,232.0
2,167.4

1,295.8
2,199.6

1,302.9
2,200.0

1,309.9
2,204.4

7.0
4.4

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services1. . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Change
from:
Apr.2015 May2015p

Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services1. . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,582.6
8,197.4
3,376.8
2,730.4
863.5
2,013.1

8,529.9
8,146.2
3,427.3
2,770.2
908.4
1,831.0

8,746.2
8,356.7
3,489.5
2,825.9
912.0
1,970.5

8,936.3
8,540.5
3,582.0
2,905.4
903.1
2,053.5

8,527.2
8,142.6
3,390.2
2,742.8
876.8
1,934.6

8,785.0
8,393.0
3,539.5
2,866.9
910.3
1,954.6

8,827.5
8,433.4
3,553.4
2,883.0
916.4
1,971.3

8,867.4
8,472.0
3,579.5
2,903.1
915.7
1,977.9

39.9
38.6
26.1
20.1
-0.7
6.6

385.2

383.7

389.5

395.8

384.6

392.0

394.1

395.4

1.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services1. . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities1. . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,468
3,440.1
18,028.0
14,640.7
6,609.4
2,455.7
710.0
1,256.0
4,772.3
3,259.0
1,653.2
3,387.3
877.4

22,007
3,617.9
18,388.9
14,927.9
6,808.7
2,524.8
732.3
1,294.3
4,845.2
3,274.0
1,645.0
3,461.0
886.0

22,099
3,634.8
18,464.6
14,985.7
6,844.7
2,534.4
735.9
1,304.3
4,855.9
3,285.1
1,649.5
3,478.9
891.2

22,088
3,536.3
18,551.2
15,048.9
6,882.6
2,542.3
740.8
1,316.4
4,870.8
3,295.5
1,652.9
3,502.3
897.4

21,409
3,407.8
18,000.8
14,646.4
6,611.3
2,462.2
708.5
1,254.3
4,777.5
3,257.6
1,652.0
3,354.4
850.8

21,863
3,460.8
18,402.5
14,959.4
6,827.2
2,529.0
733.0
1,301.0
4,848.7
3,283.5
1,649.6
3,443.1
866.7

21,927
3,464.9
18,462.1
15,007.4
6,850.8
2,537.6
736.0
1,304.5
4,863.6
3,293.0
1,653.3
3,454.7
869.6

22,001
3,481.6
18,519.8
15,054.2
6,878.4
2,543.5
740.5
1,312.9
4,879.3
3,296.5
1,653.9
3,465.6
872.6

74
16.7
57.7
46.8
27.6
5.9
4.5
8.4
15.7
3.5
0.6
10.9
3.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

14,942
2,187.5
470.2

14,644
1,983.7
443.5

14,983
2,090.4
473.5

15,393
2,256.4
506.1

14,667
2,100.8
445.8

15,039
2,143.2
463.1

15,049
2,141.9
463.9

15,106
2,170.9
476.8

57
29.0
12.9

152.2
1,565.1
12,754.8
1,899.7
10,855.1

137.8
1,402.4
12,660.3
1,834.9
10,825.4

143.4
1,473.5
12,892.3
1,851.0
11,041.3

151.7
1,598.6
13,136.3
1,911.2
11,225.1

146.3
1,508.7
12,566.1
1,892.9
10,673.2

145.1
1,535.0
12,895.5
1,901.7
10,993.8

145.1
1,532.9
12,906.6
1,895.0
11,011.6

146.8
1,547.3
12,935.1
1,906.5
11,028.6

1.7
14.4
28.5
11.5
17.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,600
1,252.0
1,381.2
2,966.3

5,597
1,261.9
1,373.2
2,962.2

5,627
1,268.0
1,387.6
2,971.7

5,661
1,277.3
1,399.8
2,983.6

5,572
1,242.0
1,366.4
2,963.7

5,626
1,264.0
1,381.9
2,980.0

5,632
1,263.7
1,385.4
2,982.5

5,634
1,266.5
1,386.5
2,981.2

2
2.8
1.1
-1.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,217
2,726.0
2,136.5
589.0
5,081.0
2,419.3
2,661.4
14,410.0
8,124.1
6,285.8

22,288
2,719.0
2,125.8
592.8
5,239.0
2,600.7
2,638.2
14,330.0
8,133.7
6,196.4

22,343
2,742.0
2,135.3
606.4
5,249.0
2,606.5
2,642.2
14,352.0
8,128.2
6,223.7

22,318
2,735.0
2,142.0
592.9
5,111.0
2,461.2
2,649.8
14,472.0
8,158.7
6,313.3

21,841
2,726.0
2,133.4
592.5
5,054.0
2,401.0
2,652.9
14,061.0
7,774.2
6,286.4

21,908
2,733.0
2,137.7
594.9
5,082.0
2,437.6
2,644.6
14,093.0
7,790.2
6,302.4

21,923
2,735.0
2,139.3
595.9
5,083.0
2,439.9
2,643.3
14,105.0
7,798.6
6,305.9

21,941
2,738.0
2,142.9
595.5
5,083.0
2,440.4
2,642.6
14,120.0
7,808.5
6,311.1

18
3.0
3.6
-0.4
0.0
0.5
-0.7
15.0
9.9
5.2

Industry

Professional and business services - Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.5
40.6
44.5
39.0
41.1
41.6
40.2
33.3
34.5
38.9
31.3
38.6
42.3
36.8
37.3
36.3
32.7
26.1
31.8

34.5
40.4
44.5
38.9
40.9
41.2
40.2
33.4
34.6
38.8
31.4
38.9
43.0
36.4
37.5
36.2
32.8
26.2
31.8

34.5
40.3
44.1
38.9
40.7
41.1
40.1
33.3
34.6
38.8
31.4
38.9
42.7
36.4
37.6
36.0
32.8
26.2
31.7

34.5
40.3
43.7
38.9
40.7
41.1
40.1
33.4
34.6
38.9
31.4
39.1
42.5
36.5
37.7
36.2
32.8
26.2
31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.5
3.6
3.4

3.3
3.3
3.4

3.3
3.2
3.4

3.3
3.2
3.4

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$24.40
25.61
30.85
26.61
24.72
26.07
22.33
24.11
21.39
28.07
16.98
22.92
35.46
33.87
30.59
29.21
24.66
13.82
21.87

$24.85
26.05
31.00
27.23
25.09
26.41
22.75
24.56
21.65
28.40
17.30
22.84
36.87
34.51
31.33
29.85
25.09
14.22
22.27

$24.88
26.09
30.94
27.28
25.13
26.44
22.83
24.60
21.69
28.47
17.35
22.81
36.94
34.51
31.38
29.92
25.10
14.30
22.22

$24.96
26.12
31.02
27.34
25.16
26.47
22.84
24.69
21.78
28.73
17.41
22.77
36.99
34.63
31.52
29.98
25.19
14.32
22.36

$841.80
1,039.77
1,372.83
1,037.79
1,015.99
1,084.51
897.67
802.86
737.96
1,091.92
531.47
884.71
1,499.96
1,246.42
1,141.01
1,060.32
806.38
360.70
695.47

$857.33
1,052.42
1,379.50
1,059.25
1,026.18
1,088.09
914.55
820.30
749.09
1,101.92
543.22
888.48
1,585.41
1,256.16
1,174.88
1,080.57
822.95
372.56
708.19

$858.36
1,051.43
1,364.45
1,061.19
1,022.79
1,086.68
915.48
819.18
750.47
1,104.64
544.79
887.31
1,577.34
1,256.16
1,179.89
1,077.12
823.28
374.66
704.37

$861.12
1,052.64
1,355.57
1,063.53
1,024.01
1,087.92
915.88
824.65
753.59
1,117.60
546.67
890.31
1,572.08
1,264.00
1,188.30
1,085.28
826.23
375.18
711.05

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2015 May
2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100.7
88.6
124.2
82.2
89.9
89.7
90.2
104.0
98.7
98.7
97.4
101.9
100.8
91.5
97.1
108.5
112.4
109.2
98.2

102.9
89.9
122.8
84.9
90.7
90.5
90.7
106.6
100.8
99.9
99.4
105.5
104.1
92.3
99.4
111.3
115.1
112.4
99.1

103.0
89.8
119.6
85.4
90.3
90.3
90.5
106.5
100.9
99.9
99.5
105.7
103.5
92.6
99.7
111.1
115.4
112.5
98.9

103.3
89.8
116.0
85.6
90.3
90.3
90.6
107.1
101.1
100.2
99.7
106.5
103.3
92.8
100.1
112.0
115.8
112.9
99.3

0.3
0.0
-3.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.1
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.8
-0.2
0.2
0.4
0.8
0.3
0.4
0.4

1

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2015 May
2015p

117.3
102.6
153.8
95.0
103.3
103.9
102.2
121.6
113.6
115.6
109.3
118.6
118.1
110.4
115.9
128.4
130.5
121.8
121.9

122.0
105.9
152.8
100.5
105.8
106.2
104.7
126.9
117.5
118.5
113.7
122.2
126.8
113.5
121.4
134.6
136.0
129.0
125.3

122.4
105.9
148.6
101.2
105.5
106.1
104.8
127.0
117.8
118.7
114.1
122.3
126.4
113.8
122.1
134.6
136.5
129.8
124.7

123.0
106.1
144.5
101.7
105.7
106.2
105.0
128.2
118.5
120.2
114.8
123.1
126.2
114.4
123.1
136.1
137.4
130.5
126.0

0.5
0.2
-2.8
0.5
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.9
0.6
1.3
0.6
0.7
-0.2
0.5
0.8
1.1
0.7
0.5
1.0

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

68,442
55,976
4,192
117
772
3,303
1,765
1,538
51,784
10,661
1,720.2
7,718.3
1,088.1
134.1
1,090
4,560
8,487
16,445
7,625
2,916
12,466

69,668
57,138
4,270
121
797
3,352
1,809
1,543
52,868
10,867
1,735.8
7,873.4
1,123.3
134.5
1,117
4,630
8,702
16,817
7,792
2,943
12,530

69,756
57,215
4,274
119
803
3,352
1,811
1,541
52,941
10,862
1,737.7
7,862.4
1,127.1
134.3
1,115
4,629
8,725
16,866
7,799
2,945
12,541

69,945
57,386
4,271
117
805
3,349
1,815
1,534
53,115
10,887
1,737.8
7,890.6
1,124.2
134.0
1,113
4,628
8,767
16,927
7,843
2,950
12,559

49.4
47.9
21.9
13.2
12.6
27.2
23.0
34.2
53.0
40.5
29.6
50.4
23.6
24.4
40.0
57.4
44.7
76.8
52.0
52.3
57.1

49.3
47.9
21.9
13.8
12.6
27.2
23.2
34.1
53.0
40.6
29.4
50.5
23.7
24.0
40.2
57.2
44.5
76.9
51.8
52.3
57.2

49.3
47.9
21.8
13.8
12.6
27.2
23.2
34.1
53.0
40.5
29.4
50.4
23.7
24.0
40.0
57.2
44.5
76.9
51.8
52.3
57.2

49.4
47.9
21.8
13.8
12.6
27.2
23.2
33.9
53.0
40.5
29.4
50.5
23.6
23.9
40.0
57.1
44.6
76.9
51.9
52.4
57.2

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

96,516
13,807
653
4,615
8,539
5,270
3,269
82,709
22,225
4,701.5
13,088.2
3,990.5
445.1
2,205
6,137
15,735
18,804
12,959
4,644

98,374
14,086
644
4,761
8,681
5,379
3,302
84,288
22,579
4,748.3
13,277.2
4,102.9
450.4
2,252
6,245
16,085
19,185
13,257
4,685

98,501
14,101
632
4,797
8,672
5,374
3,298
84,400
22,566
4,743.1
13,265.8
4,106.7
450.7
2,257
6,251
16,141
19,232
13,267
4,686

98,744
14,122
619
4,816
8,687
5,386
3,301
84,622
22,599
4,733.5
13,295.6
4,118.5
451.5
2,254
6,257
16,194
19,295
13,330
4,693

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.7
41.6
47.0
39.7
42.2
42.7
41.3
32.4
33.6
38.7
29.9
38.5
42.2
35.9
36.7
35.6
32.0
25.2
30.8

33.7
41.2
46.2
39.4
41.8
42.1
41.4
32.4
33.6
38.6
30.0
38.7
42.8
36.0
37.1
35.4
32.0
25.0
30.7

33.6
41.2
45.9
39.4
41.8
42.1
41.4
32.4
33.6
38.6
30.0
38.7
42.5
36.0
37.1
35.2
32.1
25.0
30.6

33.7
41.1
45.7
39.3
41.8
42.1
41.4
32.4
33.7
38.5
30.0
38.9
42.7
36.0
37.2
35.3
32.1
25.0
30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.6
4.8
4.3

4.3
4.3
4.3

4.2
4.2
4.3

4.2
4.2
4.3

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$20.55
21.56
26.83
24.65
19.53
20.67
17.64
20.34
18.25
23.15
14.38
20.54
32.77
28.62
24.60
24.24
21.58
12.03
18.41

$20.88
21.83
26.46
25.10
19.77
20.86
17.96
20.67
18.54
23.52
14.62
20.76
33.99
28.51
25.15
24.54
21.94
12.35
18.79

$20.91
21.86
26.27
25.13
19.80
20.86
18.03
20.71
18.55
23.54
14.66
20.71
33.88
28.74
25.19
24.60
21.97
12.38
18.77

$20.97
21.89
26.40
25.20
19.82
20.90
18.02
20.77
18.60
23.65
14.71
20.68
34.10
28.89
25.29
24.69
22.02
12.39
18.86

$692.54
896.90
1,261.01
978.61
824.17
882.61
728.53
659.02
613.20
895.91
429.96
790.79
1,382.89
1,027.46
902.82
862.94
690.56
303.16
567.03

$703.66
899.40
1,222.45
988.94
826.39
878.21
743.54
669.71
622.94
907.87
438.60
803.41
1,454.77
1,026.36
933.07
868.72
702.08
308.75
576.85

$702.58
900.63
1,205.79
990.12
827.64
878.21
746.44
671.00
623.28
908.64
439.80
801.48
1,439.90
1,034.64
934.55
865.92
705.24
309.50
574.36

$706.69
899.68
1,206.48
990.36
828.48
879.89
746.03
672.95
626.82
910.53
441.30
804.45
1,456.07
1,040.04
940.79
871.56
706.84
309.75
579.00

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2015 May
2015p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

108.4
87.8
163.1
91.7
82.7
84.6
79.5
114.2
104.1
107.2
99.1
115.6
96.1
90.3
106.0
125.5
128.4
119.6
100.3

110.5
88.7
158.1
93.9
83.3
85.1
80.5
116.3
105.8
107.9
100.8
119.5
98.6
92.5
109.1
127.6
131.0
121.4
100.9

110.3
88.8
154.2
94.6
83.2
85.0
80.4
116.5
105.7
107.8
100.7
119.6
98.0
92.7
109.2
127.3
131.8
121.5
100.6

110.9
88.7
150.3
94.8
83.4
85.2
80.5
116.8
106.2
107.3
101.0
120.6
98.6
92.6
109.6
128.1
132.2
122.1
101.0

0.5
-0.1
-2.5
0.2
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.3
0.5
-0.5
0.3
0.8
0.6
-0.1
0.4
0.6
0.3
0.5
0.4

1

May
2014

Mar.
2015

Apr.
2015p

May
2015p

Percent
change
from:
Apr.
2015 May
2015p

148.8
115.9
254.5
122.1
105.7
109.1
99.2
159.2
135.5
146.1
122.1
150.7
131.4
128.0
160.5
181.1
182.9
163.4
134.6

154.1
118.6
243.3
127.3
107.7
110.8
102.2
164.9
139.9
149.5
126.3
157.4
139.9
130.6
168.8
186.4
189.7
170.3
138.1

154.1
118.8
235.5
128.4
107.7
110.7
102.5
165.4
139.9
149.5
126.6
157.2
138.5
131.9
169.2
186.4
191.0
170.8
137.5

155.4
118.9
230.8
129.0
108.0
111.2
102.5
166.3
140.9
149.5
127.3
158.2
140.3
132.5
170.5
188.2
192.1
171.8
138.9

0.8
0.1
-2.0
0.5
0.3
0.5
0.0
0.5
0.7
0.0
0.6
0.6
1.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
0.6
0.6
1.0

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2014 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.