Full text of The Employment Situation : May 2001

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Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378
http://www.bls.gov/cpshome.htm

USDL 01-157

Establishment data:
691-6555
http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
Media contact:
691-5902

Transmission of material in this release is
embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Friday, June 1, 2001.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

MAY 2001

Nonfarm employment and the unemployment rate were little changed in May,
the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported
today. Manufacturing had another large job loss, which was mostly offset
by employment gains in other industries, including services, construction,
and finance, insurance, and real estate.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons (6.2 million) and the unemployment
rate (4.4 percent) were little changed in May. The unemployment rate was
half a percentage point higher than its recent low of 3.9 percent in
October. The rates for all the major worker groups--adult men (3.9 percent),
adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (13.6 percent), whites (3.8 percent),
blacks (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (6.2 percent)--showed little or no change
over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment (135.1 million) edged down in May after seasonal
adjustment. The employment-population ratio decreased to 63.9 percent and
has fallen by 0.6 percentage point since January. The civilian labor force
dropped by 485,000 over the month to 141.3 million, seasonally adjusted,
and the labor force participation rate--the proportion of the population 16
years of age and older who are either working or looking for work--fell to
66.8 percent. (See table A-1.)
In May, 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent of the employed,
down from 5.7 percent 1 year earlier. (See table A-10.)

-----------------------------------------------------------------The establishment data in this release have been revised as a|
result of the annual benchmarking process; the introduction of |
probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and|
manufacturing; and the updating of seasonal adjustment factors. |
More information on the revisions is contained in the note
|
beginning on page 5.
|
------------------------------------------------------------------

|
|
|
|
|
|

- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
|
Quarterly
|
Monthly data
|
|
averages
|
|
|_________________|__________________________| Apr.Category
| 2000 | 2001 |
2001
| May
|________|________|________ _________________|change
|
IV
|
I
| Mar. | Apr. | May
|
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA
|
Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,208| 141,858| 141,868| 141,757| 141,272|
-485
Employment..........| 135,593| 135,864| 135,780| 135,354| 135,103|
-251
Unemployment........|
5,616|
5,994|
6,088|
6,402|
6,169|
-233
Not in labor force....| 69,358| 69,171| 69,304| 69,592| 70,254|
662
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........|
4.0|
4.2|
4.3|
4.5|
4.4|
-0.1
Adult men...........|
3.4|
3.7|
3.8|
4.0|
3.9|
-.1
Adult women.........|
3.4|
3.6|
3.6|
3.8|
3.8|
.0
Teenagers...........|
12.9|
13.7|
13.8|
14.2|
13.6|
-.6
White...............|
3.5|
3.7|
3.7|
4.0|
3.8|
-.2
Black...............|
7.5|
8.1|
8.6|
8.2|
8.0|
-.2
Hispanic origin.....|
5.6|
6.2|
6.3|
6.5|
6.2|
-.3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA 1/|
Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,264| 132,559| 132,654|p132,472|p132,453|
p-19
Goods-producing 2/..| 25,704| 25,621| 25,602| p25,414| p25,325|
p-89
Construction......|
6,777|
6,878|
6,929| p6,851| p6,882|
p31
Manufacturing.....| 18,378| 18,188| 18,116| p18,003| p17,879| p-124
Service-producing 2/| 106,560| 106,938| 107,052|p107,058|p107,128|
p70
Retail trade......| 23,394| 23,448| 23,457| p23,518| p23,513|
p-5
Services..........| 40,838| 41,026| 41,073| p40,995| p41,037|
p42
Government........| 20,595| 20,673| 20,711| p20,746| p20,759|
p13
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Hours of work 3/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
34.3|
34.3|
34.3|
p34.2|
p34.3|
p0.1
Manufacturing.......|
41.1|
41.0|
41.0|
p41.0|
p40.8|
p-.2
Overtime..........|
4.3|
4.1|
4.1|
p3.9|
p3.9|
p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 3/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
151.6|
152.0|
152.0| p151.5| p151.5|
p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Earnings 3/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| $13.97| $14.10| $14.17| p$14.22| p$14.26| p$0.04
Avg. weekly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| 479.05| 484.21| 486.03| p486.32| p489.12| p2.80
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Establishment data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining,
construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment
factors.
2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.

- 3 Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in May, the same as a year earlier. These were
people who wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job
sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because
they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. In
May, the number of discouraged workers was 325,000. Discouraged workers,
a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work
specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them.
(See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in May at 132.5 million,
seasonally adjusted. This follows a decline of 182,000 (as revised) in
April. In May, manufacturing employment again fell sharply, and there were
continued job losses in wholesale trade. At the same time, several other
industries added jobs, including services, construction, and finance,
insurance, and real estate. (See table B-1.)
Manufacturing employment dropped by 124,000 in May. Since last July,
job losses in manufacturing have totaled 675,000, with more than two-thirds
of the decline occurring since December. Declines in manufacturing were
widespread in May. The largest were in electronic equipment (26,000),
industrial machinery (18,000), motor vehicles (15,000), and fabricated
metals (15,000). Since December, employment in these four industries has
fallen by 248,000, a little over half of the total loss for manufacturing
this year.
Construction employment increased by 31,000 in May, after seasonal
adjustment, partially offsetting a decline of 78,000 in April. The average
monthly job gain in construction so far this year (18,000) has been the
same as the average for all of 2000.
Mining employment grew by 4,000 in May. Oil and gas extraction continued
on the upward trend that began in the fall of 1999; so far this year, the
industry has added 19,000 jobs and has accounted for all of the growth in
mining.
In the service-producing sector, employment in finance, insurance, and
real estate rose by 22,000 in May. Following losses in the first half of
2000, this industry has added 112,000 jobs since July. Over the month,
employment rose in nearly all the component industries. Mortgage banks and
brokerages continued to add jobs. Following 2 years of sustained job
losses, employment in commercial banks has risen for 3 consecutive months.
In contrast, employment in security brokerages has weakened in recent
months; the industry lost 3,000 jobs in May.
Services employment rose by only 42,000 in May, following a loss of
78,000 in April. Gains in educational services (26,000), health services
(23,000), social services (14,000), and agricultural services (13,000) were
largely offset by losses in business services (34,000) and motion pictures
(22,000). Within business services, employment in help supply services was
virtually unchanged in May. This follows a sharp downward trend from
October through April that lowered help supply employment by 346,000. In
May, job growth continued to slow in computer services, and engineering and
management services showed a small employment loss.
Retail trade employment was little changed in May, following a large
increase in April. Monthly employment gains in this industry so far this
year have averaged 21,000, slightly below the monthly average for all of
2000. In May, employment increased in building material stores, general
merchandise stores, and auto dealerships, while declines took place in
furniture, apparel, and food stores.

- 4 Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 12,000 in May,
offsetting a decline in April. Growth in this industry has been sluggish
so far this year, with monthly job increases averaging 5,000, compared with
14,000 in 2000. In government, there was a small employment gain in local
education.
Wholesale trade employment continued on the downward trend that started
late last year. Declines in April (12,000) and May (14,000) were
particularly large. Most of the weakness in this industry has been in the
distribution of durable goods.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in May to 34.3 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek declined by 0.2 hour to 40.8 hours.
Manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 3.9 hours. Over the past 12 months,
the factory workweek has fallen by 0.8 hour and factory overtime by 0.7 hour.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 151.5 (1982=100),
seasonally adjusted, and was virtually the same as a year earlier. The
manufacturing index fell by 1.5 percent in May to 99.1. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in May to $14.26, seasonally
adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased by 0.6 percent
to $489.12. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 4.3 percent and
average weekly earnings grew by 4.0 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for June 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, July 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).

- 5 Expansion of the Current Population Survey (Household Survey) Sample
Beginning in September 2000, the Census Bureau expanded the monthly
sample for the Current Population Survey (CPS) to meet the requirements of
the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) legislation. This
legislation requires that the Census Bureau improve state estimates of the
number of children who live in low-income families and lack health insurance.
These estimates are obtained from the Annual Demographic Supplement to the
CPS. The expansion of the monthly CPS sample was one part of the Census
Bureau's plan for strengthening the SCHIP estimates. The monthly CPS sample
was increased in 31 states and the District of Columbia, and the total number
of households eligible for the survey rose from about 50,000 to about 60,000.
The additional households were introduced into the survey over a 3-month
period beginning in September 2000.
In the September 2000 Employment Situation news release (USDL 00-284),
the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) stated that it would not use the
additional sample to produce the official national labor force estimates
prior to the release of July 2001 data in August. This delay would allow
BLS sufficient time to evaluate the differences, if any, between the
estimates obtained from the current 50,000-household sample and the
expanded 60,000-household sample. BLS evaluated the monthly data for the
November 2000-April 2001 period and found no significant differences in the
national labor force estimates derived from the two samples. Thus, BLS
plans to incorporate the additional sample into the July 2001 official
national estimates. Since estimates from the two samples were virtually
identical, household data for the first 6 months of 2001 will not be
revised.
The August 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article
discussing this sample expansion in more detail.

Revisions to Establishment Survey Data
In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have
been revised to reflect comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs
(benchmarks). These counts are derived principally from unemployment
insurance tax records for March 2000; the benchmark process resulted in
revisions to all unadjusted data series from April 1999 forward, the time
period since the last benchmark was established. All seasonally adjusted
data beginning with January 1996 also have been revised, in accordance with
the usual practice of revising 5 years of data.
In addition to the routine benchmark revisions, all estimates for the
mining and manufacturing industries from April 1999 forward have been
revised to incorporate a new sample design. Construction industry
estimates from April 2000 forward incorporate the new sample design. These
industries are the second group to convert to a probability-based sample
under a 4-year phase-in plan for the Current Employment Statistics (CES)
sample redesign project.
Table B presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally
adjusted basis for the period January 2000 through April 2001. The revised
data for April 2000 forward incorporate the effect of applying the rate of
change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as
updated bias and net business birth/death model adjustments and new seasonal
adjustment factors. The total nonfarm employment level for March 2000 was
revised upward by 468,000 (432,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The
previously published level for April 2001 was revised upward by 405,000
(445,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis).
The June 2001 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article
that discusses the benchmark, the post-benchmark revisions, and the
introduction of probability-based sample estimates for mining,
construction, and manufacturing. (The article is available on the Internet
at the address shown below.) This issue also will provide revised seasonal
adjustment factors for March through October 2001 and revised estimates for
all regularly published tables containing national establishment survey
data on employment, hours, and earnings.

- 6 LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all revised
historical CES data. The data can be accessed through the CES homepage at
http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm.
Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by
calling 202-691-6555 or via the Internet on the CES homepage.

Table B. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, seasonally adjusted,
January 2000-April 2001
(In thousands)
-----------------------------------------------------------------------|
|
|
Year and month | As previously |
As revised
|
Difference
|
published
|
|
-------------------|-----------------|------------------|--------------2000:
|
|
|
January........|
130,387
|
130,668
|
281
February.......|
130,482
|
130,843
|
361
March..........|
131,009
|
131,441
|
432
April..........|
131,419
|
131,683
|
264
May............|
131,590
|
131,909
|
319
June...........|
131,647
|
131,969
|
322
July...........|
131,607
|
131,899
|
292
August.........|
131,528
|
131,837
|
309
September......|
131,723
|
132,046
|
323
October........|
131,789
|
132,145
|
356
November.......|
131,842
|
132,279
|
437
December.......|
131,878
|
132,367
|
489
2001:
|
|
|
January........|
132,167
|
132,428
|
261
February.......|
132,303
|
132,595
|
292
March..........|
132,250
|
132,654
|
404
April(p).......|
132,027
|
132,472
|
445
-----------------------------------------------------------------------p = preliminary.

- 7 Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall
need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

- 8 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication
individuals are counted only once, even if
the establishment survey, employees working
appearing on more than one payroll would be
appearance.

of individuals, because
they hold more than one job. In
at more than one job and thus
counted separately for each

Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

- 9 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the

- 10 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, sex, and age

May
2000

Apr.
2001

May
2001

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001

May
2001

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................
Not in labor force..............................
Persons who currently want a job..............

209,371
140,395
67.1
134,961
64.5
3,490
131,471
5,435
3.9
68,975
4,989

211,348
141,073
66.7
135,122
63.9
3,163
131,959
5,951
4.2
70,275
4,451

211,525
141,048
66.7
135,202
63.9
3,381
131,822
5,846
4.1
70,477
5,161

209,371
140,573
67.1
134,843
64.4
3,294
131,549
5,730
4.1
68,798
4,386

210,889
141,955
67.3
135,999
64.5
3,179
132,819
5,956
4.2
68,934
4,417

211,026
141,751
67.2
135,815
64.4
3,135
132,680
5,936
4.2
69,275
4,455

211,171
141,868
67.2
135,780
64.3
3,161
132,618
6,088
4.3
69,304
4,174

211,348
141,757
67.1
135,354
64.0
3,192
132,162
6,402
4.5
69,592
4,368

211,525
141,272
66.8
135,103
63.9
3,193
131,910
6,169
4.4
70,254
4,535

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,566 101,593 101,684 100,566 101,357 101,428 101,504 101,593 101,684
Civilian labor force............................ 74,928 75,314 75,274 74,977 75,815 75,547 75,516 75,741 75,344
Participation rate........................
74.5
74.1
74.0
74.6
74.8
74.5
74.4
74.6
74.1
Employed...................................... 72,199 71,987 72,131 72,049 72,589 72,359 72,201 72,245 71,978
Employment-population ratio...............
71.8
70.9
70.9
71.6
71.6
71.3
71.1
71.1
70.8
Unemployed....................................
2,729
3,326
3,143
2,928
3,226
3,187
3,315
3,496
3,366
Unemployment rate.........................
3.6
4.4
4.2
3.9
4.3
4.2
4.4
4.6
4.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

92,408
70,691
76.5
68,491
74.1
2,346
66,145
2,200
3.1

93,410
71,409
76.4
68,644
73.5
2,121
66,523
2,765
3.9

93,541
71,360
76.3
68,772
73.5
2,280
66,492
2,588
3.6

92,408
70,662
76.5
68,315
73.9
2,228
66,087
2,347
3.3

93,184
71,492
76.7
68,916
74.0
2,122
66,795
2,576
3.6

93,227
71,288
76.5
68,761
73.8
2,154
66,607
2,527
3.5

93,285
71,261
76.4
68,534
73.5
2,150
66,383
2,728
3.8

93,410
71,575
76.6
68,706
73.6
2,117
66,589
2,869
4.0

93,541
71,351
76.3
68,595
73.3
2,169
66,426
2,756
3.9

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,805 109,756 109,842 108,805 109,532 109,598 109,667 109,756 109,842
Civilian labor force............................ 65,468 65,759 65,774 65,596 66,140 66,204 66,352 66,016 65,928
Participation rate........................
60.2
59.9
59.9
60.3
60.4
60.4
60.5
60.1
60.0
Employed...................................... 62,762 63,135 63,071 62,794 63,410 63,456 63,578 63,109 63,125
Employment-population ratio...............
57.7
57.5
57.4
57.7
57.9
57.9
58.0
57.5
57.5
Unemployed....................................
2,705
2,624
2,703
2,802
2,730
2,749
2,774
2,907
2,803
Unemployment rate.........................
4.1
4.0
4.1
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.4
4.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,929 101,870 101,938 100,929 101,643 101,686 101,779 101,870 101,938
Civilian labor force............................ 61,530 62,091 62,049 61,582 62,126 62,220 62,412 62,132 62,119
Participation rate........................
61.0
61.0
60.9
61.0
61.1
61.2
61.3
61.0
60.9
Employed...................................... 59,322 59,915 59,804 59,264 59,894 59,932 60,178 59,741 59,766
Employment-population ratio...............
58.8
58.8
58.7
58.7
58.9
58.9
59.1
58.6
58.6
Agriculture.................................
881
844
860
846
852
839
819
847
822
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,442 59,071 58,943 58,418 59,042 59,093 59,359 58,895 58,943
Unemployed....................................
2,208
2,175
2,245
2,318
2,232
2,288
2,233
2,390
2,353
Unemployment rate.........................
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.8
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population.............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

16,034
8,175
51.0
7,147
44.6
263
6,884
1,027
12.6

16,068
7,573
47.1
6,563
40.8
198
6,365
1,010
13.3

16,046
7,639
47.6
6,627
41.3
240
6,386
1,013
13.3

16,034
8,329
51.9
7,264
45.3
220
7,044
1,065
12.8

16,063
8,337
51.9
7,188
44.7
205
6,983
1,149
13.8

16,113
8,243
51.2
7,122
44.2
143
6,980
1,121
13.6

16,108
8,195
50.9
7,067
43.9
191
6,876
1,127
13.8

16,068
8,050
50.1
6,907
43.0
229
6,678
1,143
14.2

16,046
7,802
48.6
6,742
42.0
201
6,541
1,060
13.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
May
2000

Apr.
2001

May
2001

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001

May
2001

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,197 175,533 175,653 174,197 175,246 175,326 175,416 175,533 175,653
Civilian labor force............................ 117,156 117,572 117,491 117,329 118,276 118,287 118,243 118,145 117,688
Participation rate..........................
67.3
67.0
66.9
67.4
67.5
67.5
67.4
67.3
67.0
Employed...................................... 113,309 113,162 113,261 113,240 114,015 113,902 113,853 113,434 113,185
Employment-population ratio.................
65.0
64.5
64.5
65.0
65.1
65.0
64.9
64.6
64.4
Unemployed....................................
3,847
4,410
4,230
4,089
4,261
4,385
4,389
4,711
4,503
Unemployment rate...........................
3.3
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.7
4.0
3.8
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

60,045
77.0
58,475
74.9
1,571
2.6

60,476
76.8
58,430
74.2
2,047
3.4

60,483
76.8
58,610
74.4
1,873
3.1

60,038
76.9
58,343
74.8
1,695
2.8

60,494
77.0
58,571
74.5
1,923
3.2

60,487
76.9
58,561
74.5
1,926
3.2

60,358
76.7
58,366
74.2
1,991
3.3

60,598
77.0
58,488
74.3
2,110
3.5

60,512
76.8
58,493
74.3
2,019
3.3

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

50,188
60.1
48,665
58.3
1,523
3.0

50,623
60.2
49,005
58.3
1,618
3.2

50,535
60.1
48,951
58.2
1,584
3.1

50,276
60.2
48,633
58.3
1,643
3.3

50,794
60.5
49,270
58.7
1,524
3.0

50,854
60.6
49,155
58.5
1,699
3.3

50,910
60.6
49,318
58.7
1,593
3.1

50,697
60.3
48,907
58.2
1,790
3.5

50,611
60.2
48,902
58.1
1,708
3.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

6,924
54.5
6,170
48.6
753
10.9
10.6
11.2

6,473
50.7
5,728
44.9
746
11.5
12.5
10.4

6,473
50.7
5,700
44.6
773
11.9
12.7
11.1

7,015
55.2
6,264
49.3
751
10.7
10.9
10.5

6,988
55.1
6,174
48.7
814
11.7
13.3
9.8

6,945
54.6
6,186
48.7
760
10.9
12.6
9.2

6,975
54.8
6,169
48.5
806
11.6
11.8
11.2

6,850
53.7
6,039
47.3
812
11.8
12.8
10.8

6,566
51.4
5,790
45.3
776
11.8
13.1
10.5

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

25,161
16,549
65.8
15,268
60.7
1,281
7.7

25,472
16,576
65.1
15,334
60.2
1,242
7.5

25,501
16,608
65.1
15,314
60.1
1,294
7.8

25,161
16,577
65.9
15,264
60.7
1,313
7.9

25,382
16,773
66.1
15,372
60.6
1,401
8.4

25,412
16,691
65.7
15,440
60.8
1,251
7.5

25,441
16,789
66.0
15,348
60.3
1,441
8.6

25,472
16,666
65.4
15,299
60.1
1,367
8.2

25,501
16,639
65.2
15,311
60.0
1,328
8.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

7,288
72.3
6,783
67.3
505
6.9

7,346
71.9
6,775
66.3
572
7.8

7,288
71.3
6,750
66.0
539
7.4

7,273
72.2
6,755
67.0
518
7.1

7,430
73.0
6,918
68.0
512
6.9

7,374
72.4
6,887
67.6
487
6.6

7,404
72.6
6,776
66.4
628
8.5

7,369
72.2
6,761
66.2
608
8.2

7,275
71.2
6,723
65.8
552
7.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

8,350
66.2
7,786
61.7
564
6.8

8,377
65.5
7,940
62.1
437
5.2

8,425
65.8
7,882
61.6
542
6.4

8,348
66.2
7,786
61.7
562
6.7

8,340
65.4
7,731
60.6
609
7.3

8,336
65.3
7,854
61.5
482
5.8

8,418
65.9
7,885
61.7
533
6.3

8,353
65.3
7,892
61.7
460
5.5

8,421
65.8
7,882
61.6
539
6.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

912
36.9
699
28.3
213
23.4
24.7
22.1

853
34.5
620
25.1
234
27.4
30.8
24.4

895
36.1
682
27.5
213
23.8
27.2
20.6

956
38.7
723
29.3
233
24.4
27.4
21.5

1,002
40.8
723
29.4
280
27.9
26.9
28.9

981
39.8
699
28.4
282
28.8
31.7
25.7

968
39.2
688
27.9
280
28.9
27.7
30.2

944
38.2
646
26.1
299
31.6
34.9
28.6

942
38.0
706
28.5
236
25.1
30.0
20.3

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

22,292
15,275
68.5
14,475
64.9
800
5.2

22,957
15,712
68.4
14,761
64.3
951
6.1

23,021
15,592
67.7
14,707
63.9
885
5.7

22,292
15,294
68.6
14,411
64.6
883
5.8

22,769
15,540
68.2
14,612
64.2
927
6.0

22,830
15,653
68.6
14,673
64.3
980
6.3

22,889
15,770
68.9
14,782
64.6
988
6.3

22,957
15,775
68.7
14,747
64.2
1,028
6.5

23,021
15,608
67.8
14,634
63.6
975
6.2

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Educational attainment
May
2000

Apr.
2001

May
2001

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001

May
2001

28,096
11,966
42.6
11,225
40.0
740
6.2

28,326
12,379
43.7
11,581
40.9
798
6.4

28,350
12,297
43.4
11,580
40.8
716
5.8

28,096
11,966
42.6
11,144
39.7
822
6.9

27,957
12,008
43.0
11,193
40.0
816
6.8

27,191
12,074
44.4
11,140
41.0
934
7.7

27,564
12,103
43.9
11,267
40.9
836
6.9

28,326
12,371
43.7
11,558
40.8
813
6.6

28,350
12,319
43.5
11,523
40.6
797
6.5

57,746
37,406
64.8
36,218
62.7
1,188
3.2

57,456
37,186
64.7
35,828
62.4
1,358
3.7

57,456
37,146
64.7
35,826
62.4
1,320
3.6

57,746
37,187
64.4
35,881
62.1
1,306
3.5

58,092
37,415
64.4
35,986
61.9
1,429
3.8

57,617
37,309
64.8
35,895
62.3
1,414
3.8

57,660
37,189
64.5
35,746
62.0
1,443
3.9

57,456
37,053
64.5
35,650
62.0
1,403
3.8

57,456
36,952
64.3
35,507
61.8
1,446
3.9

44,153
32,760
74.2
31,970
72.4
790
2.4

44,653
32,891
73.7
31,937
71.5
954
2.9

44,576
32,980
74.0
32,059
71.9
921
2.8

44,153
32,964
74.7
32,105
72.7
859
2.6

44,313
33,102
74.7
32,121
72.5
981
3.0

45,263
33,079
73.1
32,197
71.1
882
2.7

45,182
33,241
73.6
32,360
71.6
881
2.7

44,653
33,044
74.0
32,065
71.8
978
3.0

44,576
33,192
74.5
32,188
72.2
1,004
3.0

45,029
36,005
80.0
35,469
78.8
536
1.5

46,045
36,633
79.6
35,909
78.0
724
2.0

46,271
36,692
79.3
35,987
77.8
704
1.9

45,029
35,994
79.9
35,409
78.6
585
1.6

45,790
36,476
79.7
35,909
78.4
567
1.6

46,167
36,602
79.3
36,032
78.0
570
1.6

45,979
36,642
79.7
35,916
78.1
726
2.0

46,045
36,646
79.6
35,802
77.8
845
2.3

46,271
36,687
79.3
35,915
77.6
771
2.1

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
1
and
2
3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
seasonally adjusted columns.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category

May
2000

Apr.
2001

May
2001

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001

May
2001

CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,961 135,122 135,202 134,843 135,999 135,815 135,780 135,354 135,103
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,043 43,386 43,471 43,306 43,134 43,340 43,385 43,516 43,733
Married women, spouse present................... 33,820 33,830 33,787 33,723 34,249 34,059 34,080 33,662 33,686
Women who maintain families.....................
8,343
8,200
8,319
8,335
8,426
8,373
8,049
8,160
8,319
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty...........
Technical, sales, and administrative support....
Service occupations.............................
Precision production, craft, and repair.........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............
Farming, forestry, and fishing..................

40,833
39,458
18,199
14,941
17,885
3,645

41,836
39,053
18,331
14,760
17,917
3,225

41,984
38,743
18,260
15,007
17,736
3,472

40,854
39,470
18,175
14,886
18,047
3,410

41,430
40,086
18,158
14,889
18,092
3,372

41,770
39,781
18,283
14,970
17,889
3,252

42,023
39,433
18,289
14,895
17,999
3,321

41,841
39,014
18,258
14,834
18,127
3,238

41,996
38,743
18,224
14,962
17,904
3,251

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.......................
2,142
1,906
2,080
2,013
1,983
1,839
1,910
1,902
1,958
Self-employed workers.........................
1,310
1,218
1,264
1,246
1,182
1,291
1,231
1,223
1,201
Unpaid family workers.........................
37
39
36
38
25
29
36
47
38
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,644 123,186 123,166 122,871 124,035 124,069 123,814 123,395 123,416
Government.................................. 19,130 19,118 19,106 19,084 18,843 19,103 19,134 18,854 19,067
Private industries.......................... 103,514 104,068 104,061 103,787 105,192 104,966 104,680 104,541 104,349
Private households........................
938
820
792
934
859
823
881
812
789
Other industries.......................... 102,576 103,249 103,268 102,853 104,333 104,143 103,800 103,729 103,559
Self-employed workers.........................
8,740
8,677
8,555
8,708
8,698
8,617
8,784
8,608
8,530
Unpaid family workers.........................
87
96
100
89
110
142
138
93
103
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

3,140
1,846
986
18,851

3,108
2,049
863
19,143

3,270
2,094
917
18,897

3,240
1,953
972
18,513

3,327
2,035
954
18,568

3,273
2,043
933
19,021

3,164
1,914
907
18,647

3,201
2,097
873
18,713

3,371
2,215
900
18,581

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

3,003
1,743
965
18,281

2,972
1,953
850
18,576

3,124
1,989
891
18,368

3,077
1,831
952
17,957

3,227
1,971
945
18,040

3,143
1,970
910
18,509

3,007
1,828
877
18,132

3,061
1,985
864
18,176

3,197
2,089
876
18,061

NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Category
May
2000

Apr.
2001

May
2001

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001

May
2001

Total, 16 years and over.........................
Men, 20 years and over.........................
Women, 20 years and over.......................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................

5,730
2,347
2,318
1,065

6,402
2,869
2,390
1,143

6,169
2,756
2,353
1,060

4.1
3.3
3.8
12.8

4.2
3.6
3.6
13.8

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.6

4.3
3.8
3.6
13.8

4.5
4.0
3.8
14.2

4.4
3.9
3.8
13.6

Married men, spouse present....................
Married women, spouse present..................
Women who maintain families....................

841
978
557

1,094
1,004
548

1,162
1,015
547

1.9
2.8
6.3

2.3
2.5
6.4

2.3
2.6
6.1

2.5
2.7
6.2

2.5
2.9
6.3

2.6
2.9
6.2

Full-time workers..............................
Part-time workers..............................

4,537
1,210

5,048
1,338

5,059
1,104

3.9
5.1

4.1
4.9

4.0
4.8

4.2
4.8

4.3
5.5

4.3
4.6

736
1,492
532
1,212
200

908
1,661
703
1,328
262

826
1,504
702
1,413
247

1.8
3.6
3.5
6.3
5.5

1.8
3.4
3.7
7.1
6.5

1.8
3.5
3.7
7.3
7.2

2.0
3.7
3.5
7.4
9.1

2.1
4.1
4.5
6.8
7.5

1.9
3.7
4.5
7.3
7.1

4,491
1,221
22
452
747
447
300
3,270
250
1,404
197
1,419
390
161

5,090
1,533
32
577
924
522
402
3,557
333
1,467
222
1,534
437
193

4,916
1,522
34
525
963
604
359
3,394
315
1,448
188
1,443
383
175

4.1
4.3
4.1
5.9
3.7
3.6
3.8
4.1
3.2
5.1
2.4
3.9
2.0
7.4

4.3
4.9
2.2
6.8
4.2
4.2
4.3
4.0
2.8
5.0
2.3
4.0
2.2
9.0

4.5
5.2
4.6
7.0
4.5
4.2
5.0
4.2
2.9
5.1
2.5
4.2
1.5
9.2

4.5
5.3
3.5
6.2
5.0
5.0
5.0
4.3
3.1
5.3
2.6
4.1
2.1
11.3

4.6
5.3
5.1
7.1
4.6
4.3
5.1
4.4
4.1
5.3
2.7
4.1
2.3
9.2

4.5
5.3
5.5
6.6
4.8
4.9
4.7
4.2
3.8
5.3
2.3
3.9
2.0
8.2

CHARACTERISTIC

OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty..........
Technical, sales, and administrative support...
Precision production, craft, and repair........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries...................
Mining.....................................
Construction...............................
Manufacturing..............................
Durable goods............................
Nondurable goods.........................
Service-producing industries.................
Transportation and public utilities........
Wholesale and retail trade.................
Finance, insurance, and real estate........
Services...................................
Government workers.............................
Agricultural wage and salary workers...........

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Duration
May
2000

Apr.
2001

May
2001

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001

May
2001

Less than 5 weeks................................
5 to 14 weeks....................................
15 weeks and over................................
15 to 26 weeks................................
27 weeks and over.............................

2,516
1,563
1,356
731
625

2,532
1,799
1,620
897
723

2,652
1,673
1,521
917
604

2,536
1,901
1,325
670
655

2,613
1,977
1,371
731
640

2,797
1,669
1,490
793
697

2,674
1,992
1,517
814
703

2,958
1,977
1,499
759
740

2,679
2,028
1,484
852
632

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................
Median duration, in weeks........................

12.8
5.7

13.1
7.0

12.4
6.2

12.6
5.9

12.6
5.9

12.9
6.0

13.0
6.5

12.6
5.8

12.2
6.5

100.0
46.3
28.8
25.0
13.5
11.5

100.0
42.5
30.2
27.2
15.1
12.2

100.0
45.4
28.6
26.0
15.7
10.3

100.0
44.0
33.0
23.0
11.6
11.4

100.0
43.8
33.2
23.0
12.3
10.7

100.0
47.0
28.0
25.0
13.3
11.7

100.0
43.2
32.2
24.5
13.2
11.4

100.0
46.0
30.7
23.3
11.8
11.5

100.0
43.3
32.8
24.0
13.8
10.2

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................
Less than 5 weeks..............................
5 to 14 weeks..................................
15 weeks and over..............................
15 to 26 weeks...............................
27 weeks and over............................

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason
May
2000

Apr.
2001

May
2001

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001

May
2001

2,182
646
1,536
1,060
476
694
2,108
451

2,982
1,000
1,981
1,455
526
722
1,836
411

2,802
801
2,001
1,502
499
733
1,856
455

2,460
875
1,585
(1)
(1)
776
2,052
477

2,742
1,032
1,711
(1)
(1)
838
1,956
446

2,853
945
1,908
(1)
(1)
820
1,927
372

2,963
991
1,972
(1)
(1)
814
1,908
386

3,199
1,053
2,146
(1)
(1)
749
2,005
462

3,159
1,084
2,075
(1)
(1)
820
1,801
482

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

40.2
11.9
28.3
12.8
38.8
8.3

50.1
16.8
33.3
12.1
30.9
6.9

47.9
13.7
34.2
12.5
31.7
7.8

42.7
15.2
27.5
13.5
35.6
8.3

45.8
17.2
28.6
14.0
32.7
7.4

47.8
15.8
32.0
13.7
32.3
6.2

48.8
16.3
32.5
13.4
31.4
6.4

49.9
16.4
33.5
11.7
31.3
7.2

50.4
17.3
33.1
13.1
28.8
7.7

1.6
.5
1.5
.3

2.1
.5
1.3
.3

2.0
.5
1.3
.3

1.7
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

2.0
.6
1.4
.3

2.1
.6
1.3
.3

2.3
.5
1.4
.3

2.2
.6
1.3
.3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff.............................
Not on temporary layoff.........................
Permanent job losers..........................
Persons who completed temporary jobs..........
Job leavers.......................................
Reentrants........................................
New entrants......................................
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed..................................
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff............................
Not on temporary layoff........................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
1 Not available.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)

Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Measure

May
2000

Apr.
2001

May
2001

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001

May
2001

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................

1.0

1.1

1.1

.9

1.0

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force...................

1.6

2.1

2.0

1.7

1.9

2.0

2.1

2.3

2.2

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)......................

3.9

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.2

4.2

4.3

4.5

4.4

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....

4.1

4.5

4.4

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................

4.6

5.0

4.9

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers.............................

6.8

7.2

7.2

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Age and sex

May
2000

Apr.
2001

May
2001

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001

May
2001

Total, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years..................................
16 to 19 years................................
16 to 17 years..............................
18 to 19 years..............................
20 to 24 years................................
25 years and over...............................
25 to 54 years................................
55 years and over.............................

5,730
2,189
1,065
517
549
1,124
3,540
3,112
450

6,402
2,349
1,143
518
626
1,206
4,043
3,472
517

6,169
2,198
1,060
486
569
1,138
3,981
3,545
483

4.1
9.7
12.8
15.8
10.8
7.9
3.0
3.1
2.5

4.2
9.6
13.8
17.4
11.5
7.2
3.2
3.2
2.7

4.2
9.5
13.6
17.2
11.0
7.2
3.2
3.2
2.8

4.3
10.0
13.8
16.0
12.3
7.8
3.2
3.4
2.6

4.5
10.4
14.2
16.7
12.6
8.3
3.4
3.5
2.8

4.4
9.9
13.6
15.5
12.2
7.9
3.3
3.5
2.6

Men, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

2,928
1,182
581
284
300
601
1,762
1,510
257

3,496
1,293
627
305
326
666
2,208
1,900
298

3,366
1,264
610
273
336
654
2,125
1,850
296

3.9
10.0
13.5
16.8
11.4
8.1
2.8
2.8
2.6

4.3
10.3
15.0
20.5
11.8
7.6
3.1
3.1
3.0

4.2
10.8
15.5
18.5
13.1
8.2
3.0
3.0
2.9

4.4
10.9
13.8
15.6
12.7
9.3
3.2
3.3
2.9

4.6
10.9
15.1
18.7
12.8
8.7
3.5
3.5
2.9

4.5
11.0
15.3
17.4
13.9
8.7
3.3
3.5
2.9

Women, 16 years and over........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

2,802
1,007
484
233
249
523
1,778
1,602
193

2,907
1,055
516
213
300
539
1,834
1,572
219

2,803
934
450
213
234
485
1,856
1,695
186

4.3
9.4
12.1
14.8
10.2
7.8
3.2
3.4
2.4

4.1
8.8
12.4
14.1
11.3
6.7
3.2
3.4
2.5

4.2
8.1
11.6
15.7
8.7
6.1
3.4
3.5
2.7

4.2
8.9
13.7
16.4
11.9
6.3
3.2
3.5
2.2

4.4
9.8
13.3
14.5
12.4
7.8
3.3
3.4
2.6

4.3
8.8
11.8
13.6
10.4
7.1
3.4
3.6
2.2

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Total

Men

Women

Category
May
2000

May
2001

May
2000

May
2001

May
2000

May
2001

68,975
4,989
1,116

70,477
5,161
1,149

25,638
2,222
538

26,410
2,352
639

43,337
2,767
578

44,067
2,810
510

282
834

325
824

163
375

236
403

119
459

89
421

Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................
Percent of total employed.....................................

7,710
5.7

7,482
5.5

4,059
5.6

3,880
5.4

3,650
5.8

3,602
5.7

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................

4,319
1,590
278
1,460

3,942
1,640
274
1,585

2,531
517
206
777

2,270
540
184
879

1,788
1,072
72
683

1,672
1,100
91
705

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force......................................
Persons who currently want a job................................
Searched for work and available to work now(1)...............
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................
Reasons other than discouragement(3)....................
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
May
2000

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001p

May
2001p

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001p

May
2001p

Total......................... 132,527 131,703 132,357 133,067 131,909 132,428 132,595 132,654 132,472 132,453
Total private.................... 110,996 110,569 111,194 111,885 110,795 111,799 111,915 111,943 111,726 111,694
Goods-producing.........................

25,713

25,099

25,190

25,348

25,683

25,633

25,627

25,602

25,414

25,325

Mining................................
Metal mining........................
Coal mining.........................
Oil and gas extraction..............
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..

542
40.7
78.4
307.1
115.3

548
37.0
75.8
326.8
108.0

554
36.7
75.6
330.2
111.4

563
36.6
76.0
336.4
114.1

542
41
78
310
113

550
39
75
325
111

555
39
75
328
113

557
38
75
331
113

560
37
75
336
112

564
37
76
339
112

Construction..........................
6,706
6,526
6,708
6,938
General building contractors........ 1,514.5 1,484.3 1,511.3 1,550.6
Heavy construction, except building.
926.1
837.6
897.4
952.3
Special trade contractors........... 4,265.3 4,204.2 4,299.1 4,434.9

6,648
1,520
894
4,234

6,826
1,538
921
4,367

6,880
1,555
930
4,395

6,929
1,552
938
4,439

6,851
1,548
913
4,390

6,882
1,557
920
4,405

Manufacturing.........................
Production workers................

18,465
12,655

18,025
12,186

17,928
12,111

17,847
12,033

18,493
12,678

18,257
12,394

18,192
12,323

18,116
12,254

18,003
12,162

17,879
12,056

Durable goods........................
Production workers................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Computer and office equipment.....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Electronic components and
accessories....................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Aircraft and parts................
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

11,134
7,608
834.0
556.5
583.0
697.6

10,902
7,333
783.1
547.2
567.0
670.1

10,842
7,296
789.8
543.5
573.8
664.1

10,770
7,229
793.1
537.2
577.5
655.3

11,136
7,606
838
558
579
699

11,031
7,462
806
552
579
681

10,997
7,415
799
549
578
679

10,941
7,358
799
548
578
671

10,870
7,308
801
543
577
666

10,775
7,229
797
539
574
657

224.5
214.6
213.0
211.3
1,536.1 1,504.0 1,496.4 1,485.1
2,114.0 2,086.6 2,070.7 2,055.2
353.2
367.1
363.2
362.0

(1)
1,537
2,113
355

(1)
1,526
2,117
369

(1)
1,514
2,105
370

(1)
1,509
2,084
369

(1)
1,502
2,072
367

(1)
1,487
2,054
364

1,701.8 1,708.7 1,678.3 1,652.4

1,707

1,735

1,726

1,715

1,684

1,658

667.1
700.0
683.9
670.1
1,872.9 1,777.2 1,772.4 1,763.5
1,029.9
953.9
951.4
940.6
466.6
465.3
463.4
464.8
845.8
868.7
865.2
866.8
392.0
389.2
387.9
384.2

669
1,866
1,025
467
847
392

714
1,772
952
462
870
393

711
1,786
967
464
871
390

702
1,775
956
465
871
391

686
1,769
951
464
867
389

672
1,757
936
465
868
384

7,331
7,123
7,086
7,077
5,047
4,853
4,815
4,804
1,664.1 1,653.4 1,651.0 1,660.5
33.0
31.4
31.2
31.1
534.2
490.3
485.9
478.1
644.0
589.2
581.8
582.7
655.5
639.5
636.7
636.3
1,543.0 1,519.2 1,507.6 1,499.9
1,039.0 1,038.3 1,034.3 1,031.5
129.0
123.3
126.6
127.0
1,016.8
970.7
965.0
963.3
72.6
68.1
65.7
66.2

7,357
5,072
1,688
35
534
641
658
1,546
1,038
128
1,017
72

7,226
4,932
1,684
32
505
599
651
1,534
1,039
127
987
68

7,195
4,908
1,686
31
496
595
645
1,529
1,039
127
979
68

7,175
4,896
1,687
32
494
590
642
1,524
1,039
126
973
68

7,133
4,854
1,686
32
487
581
640
1,512
1,036
127
966
66

7,104
4,827
1,684
33
478
580
639
1,504
1,030
127
963
66

Nondurable goods.....................
Production workers................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

Service-producing....................... 106,814 106,604 107,167 107,719 106,226 106,795 106,968 107,052 107,058 107,128
Transportation and public utilities...
6,998
7,069
7,085
7,131
Transportation......................
4,514
4,542
4,551
4,592
Railroad transportation...........
235.6
228.4
229.7
230.5
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................
493.8
493.6
491.3
500.8
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,843.9 1,836.6 1,841.2 1,859.1
Water transportation..............
197.1
193.2
199.4
205.9
Transportation by air............. 1,261.1 1,301.0 1,300.1 1,306.7
Pipelines, except natural gas.....
13.7
13.2
13.6
13.8
Transportation services...........
468.9
475.5
475.6
475.5
Communications and public utilities.
2,484
2,527
2,534
2,539
Communications.................... 1,634.9 1,685.0 1,691.5 1,695.2
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services.......................
849.3
842.0
842.5
843.9

6,997
4,511
235

7,106
4,580
229

7,123
4,591
231

7,127
4,591
230

7,119
4,577
230

7,131
4,589
230

476
1,852
195
1,270
14
469
2,486
1,635

479
1,868
201
1,312
14
477
2,526
1,679

480
1,870
200
1,318
14
478
2,532
1,685

480
1,872
201
1,316
13
479
2,536
1,690

477
1,864
202
1,313
14
477
2,542
1,695

482
1,868
204
1,316
14
475
2,542
1,696

851

847

847

846

847

846

7,042
4,175
2,867
23,536

7,006
4,193
2,813
23,247

7,067
4,198
2,869
23,415

7,064
4,198
2,866
23,472

7,066
4,196
2,870
23,457

7,054
4,189
2,865
23,518

7,040
4,177
2,863
23,513

1,065.8
977.6 1,019.2 1,057.4
2,749.9 2,700.3 2,704.9 2,723.1
2,412.1 2,368.8 2,370.8 2,385.4
3,503.9 3,502.8 3,517.2 3,525.3

1,019
2,837
2,488
3,521

1,007
2,789
2,448
3,538

1,007
2,807
2,462
3,548

1,006
2,797
2,451
3,550

1,000
2,800
2,455
3,555

1,011
2,808
2,461
3,542

2,413.7 2,402.1 2,415.3 2,434.4
1,111.2 1,121.0 1,120.7 1,126.3
1,159.6 1,188.0 1,194.5 1,195.2

2,407
1,111
1,187

2,424
1,124
1,221

2,424
1,124
1,227

2,420
1,124
1,228

2,419
1,121
1,226

2,428
1,127
1,223

1,118.3 1,136.1 1,129.9 1,121.9
8,229.5 8,031.9 8,201.4 8,357.1
3,030.2 3,082.1 3,093.7 3,121.3

1,130
8,080
3,066

1,147
8,157
3,132

1,146
8,171
3,142

1,147
8,158
3,151

1,141
8,214
3,163

1,134
8,209
3,158

Finance, insurance, and real estate...
7,546
7,579
7,598
7,644
Finance.............................
3,689
3,749
3,749
3,760
Depository institutions........... 2,024.4 2,023.5 2,026.9 2,031.6
Commercial banks................ 1,427.4 1,415.4 1,417.6 1,420.8
Savings institutions............
253.0
253.4
253.9
254.7
Nondepository institutions........
679.0
687.7
689.2
695.8
Mortgage bankers and brokers....
309.0
305.7
307.4
313.6
Security and commodity brokers....
736.2
776.3
773.5
772.4
Holding and other investment
offices........................
249.0
261.0
259.7
260.4
Insurance...........................
2,345
2,351
2,352
2,359
Insurance carriers................ 1,590.4 1,592.5 1,592.8 1,598.1
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................
755.0
758.8
759.5
760.7
Real estate.........................
1,512
1,479
1,497
1,525

7,550
3,697
2,029
1,432
253
679
307
740

7,594
3,738
2,024
1,418
253
678
301
777

7,609
3,748
2,025
1,417
254
683
304
781

7,618
3,755
2,028
1,418
254
686
306
781

7,626
3,760
2,032
1,421
254
690
307
780

7,648
3,769
2,036
1,425
255
696
312
777

249
2,348
1,592

259
2,346
1,588

259
2,351
1,592

260
2,353
1,593

258
2,357
1,597

260
2,360
1,599

756
1,505

758
1,510

759
1,510

760
1,510

760
1,509

761
1,519

40,312
795
1,905
1,240
9,830
991
3,902
3,514

40,984
818
1,952
1,261
9,888
1,007
3,779
3,372

41,020
821
1,957
1,261
9,851
1,007
3,731
3,339

41,073
828
1,960
1,265
9,822
1,007
3,694
3,293

40,995
824
1,946
1,265
9,732
1,008
3,600
3,201

41,037
837
1,938
1,274
9,698
1,012
3,591
3,202

Wholesale trade.......................
Durable goods.......................
Nondurable goods....................
Retail trade..........................
Building materials and garden
supplies.........................
General merchandise stores..........
Department stores.................
Food stores.........................
Automotive dealers and service
stations.........................
New and used car dealers..........
Apparel and accessory stores........
Furniture and home furnishings
stores...........................
Eating and drinking places..........
Miscellaneous retail establishments.

Services2.............................
Agricultural services...............
Hotels and other lodging places.....
Personal services...................
Business services...................
Services to buildings.............
Personnel supply services.........
Help supply services............

7,009
4,192
2,817
23,271

40,459
850.2
1,917.2
1,220.0
9,792.4
994.2
3,870.4
3,478.0

7,030
4,181
2,849
23,021

40,771
741.8
1,874.7
1,333.2
9,651.5
999.4
3,556.4
3,163.3

7,035
4,179
2,856
23,276

41,010
840.4
1,897.1
1,333.9
9,607.7
1,006.4
3,504.7
3,111.3

41,184
894.8
1,949.8
1,253.2
9,655.3
1,014.9
3,557.5
3,167.3

Computer and data processing
services.......................
Auto repair, services, and parking..
Miscellaneous repair services.......
Motion pictures.....................
Amusement and recreation services...
Health services.....................
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................
Nursing and personal care
facilities.....................
Hospitals.........................
Home health care services.........
Legal services......................
Educational services................
Social services.....................
Child day care services...........
Residential care..................
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens...........................
Membership organizations............
Engineering and management services.
Engineering and architectural
services.......................
Management and public relations...
Services, nec.......................
Government............................
Federal.............................
Federal, except Postal Service....
State...............................
Education.........................
Other State government............
Local...............................
Education.........................
Other local government............

2,076.0
1,238.7
366.1
596.1
1,805.1
10052.5

2,200.1
1,308.8
363.6
593.4
1,845.2
10289.2

2,080
1,238
365
595
1,720
10,063

2,176
1,291
365
600
1,769
10,211

2,186
1,291
365
600
1,772
10,236

2,195
1,298
364
605
1,775
10,259

2,202
1,298
365
614
1,755
10,278

2,205
1,308
363
592
1,759
10,301

1,917.3 1,958.5 1,964.3 1,972.6

1,919

1,953

1,958

1,962

1,967

1,974

1,789.6
3,969.6
644.5
998.9
2,362.7
2,915.9
732.0
799.6

1,810.6
4,064.7
647.3
1,019.3
2,459.5
3,067.1
770.0
839.7

1,793
3,977
642
1,005
2,322
2,888
707
800

1,806
4,035
646
1,017
2,363
2,985
732
827

1,808
4,045
645
1,020
2,375
2,997
734
829

1,811
4,055
648
1,022
2,384
3,009
739
831

1,816
4,061
646
1,022
2,389
3,023
742
835

1,814
4,072
645
1,026
2,415
3,037
744
841

108.9
103.4
107.8
114.3
2,470.0 2,477.6 2,476.5 2,490.9
3,390.6 3,519.1 3,515.2 3,506.8

105
2,473
3,395

109
2,487
3,496

110
2,487
3,504

110
2,489
3,510

109
2,488
3,514

111
2,494
3,511

1,007.4 1,040.6 1,044.0 1,054.1
1,081.9 1,120.6 1,119.6 1,121.0
51.6
50.7
51.0
51.3

1,010
1,081
(1)

1,046
1,119
(1)

1,050
1,123
(1)

1,052
1,125
(1)

1,052
1,123
(1)

1,057
1,120
(1)

21,114
3,240
2,377
4,775
2,026
2,749
13,099
7,436
5,663

20,629
2,613
1,755
4,800
2,028
2,772
13,216
7,468
5,748

20,680
2,615
1,756
4,825
2,048
2,777
13,240
7,479
5,761

20,711
2,613
1,754
4,836
2,055
2,781
13,262
7,492
5,770

20,746
2,614
1,754
4,846
2,064
2,782
13,286
7,495
5,791

20,759
2,611
1,752
4,848
2,069
2,779
13,300
7,510
5,790

21,531
3,243
2,385.2
4,834
2,085.4
2,748.9
13,454
7,820.6
5,633.3

2,199.4
1,297.2
361.2
604.0
1,613.6
10247.4

1,809.7
4,052.8
646.7
1,016.7
2,531.1
3,026.5
759.0
829.5

21,134
2,608
1,751.6
4,973
2,208.7
2,764.3
13,553
7,891.3
5,661.4

2,202.7
1,299.0
364.4
610.8
1,727.9
10262.6

1,811.2
4,055.1
646.5
1,015.1
2,535.2
3,043.7
763.6
832.5

21,163
2,610
1,754.7
4,983
2,212.1
2,770.8
13,570
7,874.5
5,695.2

21,182
2,614
1,760.0
4,908
2,129.2
2,779.2
13,660
7,900.3
5,759.5

1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
May
2000

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001p

May
2001p

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001p

May
2001p

Total private....................

34.3

34.0

34.1

34.2

34.4

34.4

34.3

34.3

34.2

34.3

Goods-producing.........................

41.0

40.2

39.6

40.7

41.0

40.5

40.3

40.5

40.6

40.6

Mining................................

42.9

43.1

43.5

44.0

42.8

43.1

43.2

43.8

44.0

43.9

Construction..........................

39.6

38.6

38.5

40.3

39.2

39.1

38.7

39.1

39.3

39.9

Manufacturing.........................
Overtime hours....................

41.6
4.5

40.8
3.9

39.9
3.3

40.7
3.9

41.6
4.6

41.0
4.2

40.9
3.9

41.0
4.1

41.0
3.9

40.8
3.9

Durable goods........................
Overtime hours....................

42.2
4.7

41.1
3.9

40.1
3.2

41.1
3.9

42.1
4.8

41.3
4.1

41.1
3.9

41.3
4.0

41.3
3.9

41.1
3.9

Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

41.3
39.9
43.5
44.7

40.0
38.8
42.7
43.2

39.8
37.7
42.7
43.2

40.8
38.1
44.4
43.4

41.0
40.4
43.1
44.7

39.8
39.2
43.0
43.8

40.1
39.1
42.8
43.2

40.3
39.1
43.7
43.4

40.0
39.1
43.2
44.3

40.5
38.5
44.0
43.4

46.2
42.7
42.2

44.2
41.6
41.3

45.2
40.3
39.9

44.3
41.7
40.9

46.4
42.7
42.1

44.7
41.7
41.5

44.4
41.7
41.0

44.4
41.9
41.2

45.4
42.1
41.3

44.5
41.7
40.8

41.0
43.3
44.5
41.4
39.2

39.9
42.1
42.5
41.1
38.3

38.5
40.7
41.3
40.2
37.4

38.9
42.6
43.7
40.8
38.1

41.2
43.1
44.3
41.5
39.1

40.3
42.0
42.1
41.0
38.3

40.3
42.0
42.0
41.1
38.2

40.1
42.0
42.3
41.0
38.2

39.8
42.3
43.2
41.0
38.2

39.1
42.3
43.5
40.9
38.1

Nondurable goods.....................
Overtime hours....................

40.7
4.2

40.2
3.9

39.6
3.4

40.1
3.8

40.8
4.4

40.6
4.3

40.4
4.0

40.5
4.1

40.6
3.9

40.3
4.0

Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

41.4
41.2
41.2
37.9
42.3
38.0
42.4
41.9
41.5
37.8

40.5
39.5
40.5
37.6
41.5
38.5
42.2
42.9
40.8
35.9

40.0
39.2
39.3
36.7
41.2
37.5
42.4
43.9
39.6
35.7

40.6
40.1
40.8
37.9
41.3
37.7
41.8
42.2
40.8
37.0

41.7
41.0
41.3
37.8
42.6
38.3
42.5
(2)
41.5
37.6

41.3
40.4
40.7
37.6
41.9
38.4
42.6
(2)
41.0
36.9

41.1
39.8
40.4
37.6
41.7
38.4
42.3
(2)
40.9
36.4

41.2
40.0
40.5
37.5
41.8
38.6
42.3
(2)
41.0
36.1

41.4
41.1
40.3
38.0
42.1
38.1
42.6
(2)
40.7
36.7

41.0
39.8
40.8
37.8
41.6
38.0
41.9
(2)
40.8
36.8

Service-producing.......................

32.6

32.5

32.8

32.6

32.8

32.9

32.8

32.8

32.7

32.8

Transportation and public utilities...

38.3

38.0

38.3

38.1

38.5

38.7

38.5

38.3

38.2

38.3

Wholesale trade.......................

38.3

38.0

38.3

38.2

38.3

38.3

38.1

38.3

38.2

38.2

Retail trade..........................

28.8

28.4

28.8

28.7

28.9

29.1

28.9

28.8

28.8

28.8

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

35.9

36.0

36.7

36.0

36.2

36.2

36.3

36.3

36.3

36.3

Services..............................

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.5

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.8

32.6

32.7

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry
May
2000

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001p

May
2001p

May
2000

Total private....................
Seasonally adjusted.............

$13.65
13.67

$14.19
14.17

$14.27
14.22

$14.23
14.26

$468.20
470.25

Goods-producing.........................

15.27

15.69

15.77

15.86

Mining................................

17.22

17.57

17.62

Construction..........................

17.70

18.20

Manufacturing.........................

14.26

14.65

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

14.69
11.85
11.64
14.40
16.30

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001p

May
2001p

$482.46
486.03

$486.61
486.32

$486.67
489.12

626.07

630.74

624.49

645.50

17.54

738.74

757.27

766.47

771.76

18.08

18.20

700.92

702.52

696.08

733.46

14.75

14.75

593.22

597.72

588.53

600.33

15.09
12.08
12.04
14.79
16.63

15.14
12.13
12.07
14.98
16.93

15.19
12.21
12.02
15.16
16.81

619.92
489.41
464.44
626.40
728.61

620.20
483.20
467.15
631.53
718.42

607.11
482.77
455.04
639.65
731.38

624.31
498.17
457.96
673.10
729.55

19.72
13.78
15.45

20.00
14.08
15.77

20.43
14.10
15.75

20.21
14.17
15.79

911.06
588.41
651.99

884.00
585.73
651.30

923.44
568.23
628.43

895.30
590.89
645.81

13.64
18.23
18.62
14.25
11.51

14.26
18.76
19.02
14.73
12.05

14.38
18.77
19.14
14.80
12.06

14.33
18.85
19.21
14.85
12.12

559.24
789.36
828.59
589.95
451.19

568.97
789.80
808.35
605.40
461.52

553.63
763.94
790.48
594.96
451.04

557.44
803.01
839.48
605.88
461.77

13.59
12.42
21.67
11.09
9.26
16.16
14.30
17.99
21.79
12.75
10.03

13.97
12.68
22.63
11.31
9.46
16.56
14.69
18.33
21.83
13.19
10.46

14.13
12.81
22.50
11.31
9.44
16.76
14.76
18.60
22.21
13.34
10.36

14.07
12.80
22.34
11.37
9.46
16.70
14.79
18.64
21.75
13.26
10.18

553.11
514.19
892.80
456.91
350.95
683.57
543.40
762.78
913.00
529.13
379.13

561.59
513.54
893.89
458.06
355.70
687.24
565.57
773.53
936.51
538.15
375.51

559.55
512.40
882.00
444.48
346.45
690.51
553.50
788.64
975.02
528.26
369.85

564.21
519.68
895.83
463.90
358.53
689.71
557.58
779.15
917.85
541.01
376.66

Service-producing.......................

13.13

13.74

13.84

13.74

428.04

446.55

453.95

447.92

Transportation and public utilities...

$16.13

$16.65

$16.81

$16.68

$617.78

$632.70

$643.82

$635.51

Wholesale trade.......................

15.05

15.58

15.88

15.75

576.42

592.04

608.20

601.65

Retail trade..........................

9.40

9.74

9.78

9.79

270.72

276.62

281.66

280.97

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

15.02

15.67

15.81

15.72

539.22

564.12

580.23

565.92

Services..............................

13.79

14.48

14.58

14.47

448.18

472.05

476.77

470.28

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Total private:
Current dollars..............
Constant (1982) dollars2.....

$13.67
7.89

$14.03
7.90

$14.11
7.92

Goods-producing...............
Mining......................
Construction................
Manufacturing...............
Excluding overtime4.......

15.29
17.27
17.76
14.28
13.53

15.67
17.49
18.28
14.54
13.83

Service-producing.............
Transportation and public
utilities................
Wholesale trade.............
Retail trade................
Finance, insurance, and real
estate...................
Services....................

13.16

Percent
change
from:
Apr. 2001May 2001

Apr.
2001p

May
2001p

$14.17
7.95

$14.22
7.94

$14.26
N.A.

0.3
(3)

15.74
17.52
18.30
14.63
13.94

15.79
17.55
18.33
14.66
13.96

15.79
17.55
18.16
14.73
14.05

15.88
17.59
18.25
14.78
14.09

.6
.2
.5
.3
.3

13.54

13.62

13.68

13.74

13.77

.2

16.20
15.08
9.41

16.51
15.53
9.64

16.64
15.60
9.69

16.68
15.68
9.72

16.77
15.76
9.74

16.74
15.78
9.80

-.2
.1
.6

15.00
13.82

15.44
14.25

15.55
14.34

15.61
14.40

15.64
14.48

15.70
14.50

.4
.1

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was -.1 percent from March 2001 to April 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of
probability-based sample estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed
seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
May
2000

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001p

May
2001p

May
2000

Jan.
2001

Feb.
2001

Mar.
2001

Apr.
2001p

May
2001p

Total private....................

150.9

148.7

150.1

151.3

151.1

152.2

151.7

152.0

151.5

151.5

Goods-producing.........................

116.9

110.5

109.4

113.3

116.5

114.4

113.6

114.1

113.4

112.9

Mining................................

50.7

52.5

53.7

55.3

50.7

52.5

53.2

54.5

55.0

55.5

Construction..........................

186.6

Manufacturing.........................

106.1

175.5

180.8

100.2

97.4

197.2

183.0

187.6

186.9

191.0

189.9

193.4

98.8

106.4

102.5

101.5

101.2

100.6

99.1

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

111.9
148.4
139.7
121.0
92.7

105.2
133.7
132.5
114.4
85.6

102.1
134.2
127.7
116.3
84.6

103.7
138.1
127.2
121.3
83.8

111.8
148.3
141.6
119.1
92.9

107.4
137.4
135.2
117.8
88.3

106.4
137.4
133.7
117.2
87.0

105.9
137.7
133.7
119.7
86.2

105.4
137.0
132.4
118.0
86.8

103.6
137.7
128.9
119.4
84.1

72.7
122.7
102.9

66.1
116.0
97.5

67.0
111.5
93.4

65.1
114.4
94.6

72.9
123.0
102.3

68.2
118.3
100.6

67.0
117.1
98.3

66.6
117.1
97.0

67.6
117.0
96.3

65.5
114.8
94.2

108.1
123.9
168.0
75.4
99.4

102.9
113.7
146.8
75.4
94.9

97.5
110.0
142.9
73.2
92.8

96.6
113.8
148.8
74.2
92.8

108.8
122.8
165.7
75.4
99.7

106.1
113.3
146.5
75.7
96.6

105.2
113.5
146.4
75.7
94.9

103.4
113.1
146.0
75.2
95.3

101.0
113.7
148.7
74.9
95.3

97.6
112.4
147.0
74.3
93.2

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

98.1
114.9
49.8
76.6
56.2
102.5
120.0
100.7
70.9
150.1
31.6

93.3
111.3
44.4
69.1
50.4
98.2
118.1
98.9
68.5
139.2
28.8

91.1
109.1
43.5
66.3
48.5
97.0
114.1
98.5
72.9
134.3
27.3

92.1
111.5
44.1
67.7
49.9
97.0
113.8
96.8
70.2
138.2
28.5

99.0
118.0
54.8
76.7
55.7
103.6
121.4
100.7
70.4
150.0
31.2

95.7
116.0
46.0
71.2
51.4
100.9
119.3
99.7
73.1
142.3
28.9

94.8
115.4
43.4
69.7
50.9
99.8
119.0
99.0
70.0
140.6
29.1

94.7
115.9
45.6
69.5
50.4
99.4
119.2
98.9
69.5
140.4
28.8

94.1
116.1
46.8
68.3
50.1
100.0
116.2
98.7
73.3
137.9
28.2

93.0
114.8
47.3
67.5
49.5
98.0
115.1
96.9
70.1
138.0
27.7

Service-producing.......................

166.2

165.9

168.4

168.3

166.6

169.2

168.9

169.1

168.5

168.8

Transportation and public utilities...

136.2

137.6

139.0

139.4

137.1

140.8

140.3

139.9

139.6

140.1

Wholesale trade.......................

131.3

130.0

131.2

131.0

131.2

132.3

131.4

132.0

131.4

130.9

Retail trade..........................

145.5

141.2

144.6

145.7

145.6

147.5

146.8

146.0

146.6

146.3

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

136.9

138.0

141.2

139.5

137.9

139.2

139.8

140.0

140.2

140.6

Services..............................

208.4

210.5

212.8

212.3

209.0

212.4

212.5

213.4

211.7

212.7

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

57.2
63.2
55.1
55.7
53.7

58.6
56.2
59.6
59.3
50.4

62.5
59.3
52.8
61.0
55.8

63.2
60.2
57.2
54.2
p44.6

59.8
58.9
58.2
47.7
p46.0

57.2
57.1
54.2
60.5

59.8
55.4
57.1
57.8

59.2
58.4
54.4
55.1

62.7
54.8
55.2
52.0

65.2
55.0
57.9
54.8

61.6
58.2
59.9
55.1

62.2
56.4
56.8
54.2

Over 3-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

63.5
65.3
60.8
61.6
51.7

64.0
66.1
57.8
63.3
54.1

66.0
64.6
58.5
61.9
p48.6

67.0
65.7
55.8
56.2
p47.9

63.2
62.2
58.1
55.1

63.3
57.9
57.9
57.9

59.8
57.5
57.2
61.5

65.6
58.4
59.2
56.4

67.3
59.1
59.8
54.1

71.1
59.2
59.1
53.3

70.0
59.3
61.0
55.7

69.5
59.2
60.6
53.3

Over 6-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

66.7
70.4
59.8
63.5
p51.7

68.6
67.4
59.8
60.6
p49.0

66.1
65.0
58.2
62.6

66.0
62.5
60.3
63.7

65.3
63.6
56.7
61.5

65.9
60.5
59.2
55.5

66.0
59.2
61.8
56.1

69.1
58.6
60.8
58.6

69.4
57.9
62.2
54.2

70.3
59.6
61.2
54.8

71.1
60.6
62.3
51.8

70.7
59.9
64.9
54.2

69.3
69.7
61.2
62.5

67.4
67.6
60.2
63.0

68.4
67.4
58.2
61.8

70.0
66.0
60.8
59.5

69.7
64.0
60.8
58.4

70.3
62.7
61.6
56.8

70.1
61.9
62.2
55.7

70.8
62.0
61.3
56.5

71.0
60.9
63.9
54.2

70.5
59.3
63.0
p53.1

69.7
60.8
61.3
p52.0

70.7
58.8
60.9

Over 12-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

48.2
57.4
46.0
44.9
37.9

52.6
51.5
44.5
56.6
32.4

55.5
53.7
43.0
55.5
41.5

54.8
53.3
42.3
46.7
p30.9

52.9
43.8
50.4
41.2
p29.4

53.7
48.2
39.3
54.8

49.3
38.2
51.5
53.7

51.1
51.5
39.3
38.6

57.7
41.9
45.2
34.6

61.8
41.5
46.3
41.5

61.4
41.2
53.3
43.8

54.8
43.4
46.7
44.1

Over 3-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

50.0
59.6
41.2
50.0
28.3

51.5
59.6
39.0
54.0
29.4

55.9
55.9
38.2
52.9
p25.7

55.5
50.4
41.5
42.3
p25.7

52.9
46.7
40.8
43.0

52.9
37.9
45.2
48.5

50.4
41.5
39.0
48.2

54.8
41.5
45.2
33.8

59.6
41.9
40.8
28.7

70.6
38.2
44.9
30.5

66.5
36.8
46.3
39.0

64.3
40.8
46.0
35.7

Over 6-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

53.7
63.2
36.0
51.5
p27.6

53.7
54.4
38.2
44.5
p22.4

51.1
50.4
37.5
48.5

52.9
40.4
41.2
55.1

50.7
44.5
36.8
43.8

50.7
40.1
39.7
34.9

54.8
37.5
43.0
33.5

62.1
36.4
41.5
34.6

61.8
34.9
46.0
30.1

64.3
40.1
40.4
29.4

67.3
37.1
46.3
25.0

65.8
34.2
51.5
27.9

55.1
54.8
38.6
46.3

52.6
52.2
34.6
45.2

54.0
51.8
32.4
41.2

54.4
46.7
36.0
37.9

55.5
40.4
37.9
33.8

57.0
40.1
39.0
31.3

57.0
38.2
40.1
31.3

58.8
37.5
40.4
31.3

59.2
36.4
44.5
27.6

57.7
34.6
46.0
p23.9

57.4
35.7
44.9
p23.9

57.7
34.2
44.5

Over 12-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 2000 benchmarks; the introduction of probability-based sample
estimates for mining, construction, and manufacturing; and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.