Full text of The Employment Situation : May 2000
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 00-163 Household data: (202) 691-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, June 2, 2000. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MAY 2000 Boosted by the hiring of 357,000 temporary workers to assist with Census 2000, total nonfarm payroll employment grew by 231,000 in May, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Private-sector payroll employment declined by 116,000 over the month, and the unemployment rate edged back up to its March level of 4.1 percent. Average hourly earnings increased by 1 cent over the month and by 3.5 percent over the year. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) Both the number of unemployed persons, 5.8 million, and the unemployment rate, 4.1 percent, rose in May. The rate had dipped to 3.9 percent in April and has been below 4.2 percent since October 1999. Unemployment rates increased in May for adult women (3.8 percent) and blacks (8.0 percent). Rates for other major worker groups--adult men (3.4 percent), teenagers (12.5 percent), whites (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (5.8 percent)--showed little or no change. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment declined by 991,000 in May to 134.7 million, seasonally adjusted, and the employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs--fell to 64.3 percent. The civilian labor force, 140.5 million, and the labor force participation rate, 67.1 percent, also declined over the month. (See table A-1.) About 7.7 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in May. These multiple job-holders represented 5.7 percent of total employment, compared to 5.9 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) -------------------------------------------------------------------| The establishment data in this release have been revised as | | a result of the annual benchmarking process, the introduction of | | probability-based sample estimates for wholesale trade, and the | | updating of seasonal adjustment factors. More information on the | | revisions is contained in the note beginning on page 5. | ------------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Apr.Category | 1999 | 2000 1/| 2000 | May |_________________|_________________ ________|change | IV | I | Mar. | Apr. | May | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 139,880| 140,981| 140,867| 141,230| 140,489| -741 Employment..........| 134,153| 135,247| 135,159| 135,706| 134,715| -991 Unemployment........| 5,727| 5,733| 5,708| 5,524| 5,774| 250 Not in labor force....| 68,780| 67,933| 68,187| 67,986| 68,882| 896 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.1| 4.1| 4.1| 3.9| 4.1| 0.2 Adult men...........| 3.4| 3.3| 3.3| 3.2| 3.4| .2 Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.6| 3.6| 3.5| 3.8| .3 Teenagers...........| 13.8| 13.4| 13.3| 12.7| 12.5| -.2 White...............| 3.5| 3.5| 3.6| 3.5| 3.5| .0 Black...............| 8.1| 7.8| 7.3| 7.2| 8.0| .8 Hispanic origin.....| 6.1| 5.9| 6.3| 5.4| 5.8| .4 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA 2/| Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 129,783| 130,626| 131,009|p131,423|p131,654| p231 Goods-producing 3/..| 25,524| 25,680| 25,738| p25,717| p25,670| p-47 Construction......| 6,513| 6,665| 6,726| p6,692| p6,663| p-29 Manufacturing.....| 18,482| 18,481| 18,476| p18,486| p18,469| p-17 Service-producing 3/| 104,259| 104,946| 105,271|p105,706|p105,984| p278 Retail trade......| 22,897| 22,993| 23,027| p23,203| p23,136| p-67 Services..........| 39,598| 39,949| 40,090| p40,203| p40,220| p17 Government........| 20,276| 20,431| 20,547| p20,665| p21,012| p347 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.5| 34.5| 34.5| p34.5| p34.4| p-0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| 41.7| 41.7| p42.2| p41.4| p-.8 Overtime..........| 4.7| 4.6| 4.6| p4.9| p4.5| p-.4 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 149.6| 150.7| 151.0| p151.6| p150.7| p-0.9 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 4/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.41| $13.54| $13.58| p$13.64| p$13.65| p$0.01 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 462.65| 467.47| 468.51| p470.58| p469.56| p-1.02 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Beginning in January 2000, household data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 2/ Establishment data have been revised to reflect March 1999 benchmarks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for wholesale trade, and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. 3/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 4/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in May. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 282,000 in May. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 231,000 in May to 131.7 million, seasonally adjusted, reflecting the addition of 357,000 temporary workers to federal government payrolls for Census 2000. Total private employment declined by 116,000 over the month, following large increases in March and April. Since the beginning of the year, private nonfarm employment growth has averaged 182,000 a month, slightly below the average for all of 1999 (202,000). In May, job losses occurred throughout much of the private sector. (See table B-1.) Construction employment declined by 29,000 in May, after seasonal adjustment. Since the beginning of the year, construction has added an average of 22,000 jobs a month, about in line with the monthly average for all of 1999. The May employment decline was concentrated in residential building contractors, heavy construction, concrete work, masonry, and miscellaneous special trades. Manufacturing employment fell by 17,000 in May, following gains in both March and April. Apparel and textiles continued their long-term declines in May, losing 8,000 and 4,000 jobs, respectively. Employment also fell over the month in motor vehicles (3,000) and in computer and office equipment (3,000). Employment continued to increase in electronic components; the industry added 4,000 jobs in May, bringing the total gain this year to 15,000. Mining employment was little changed in May, following small gains over the prior 3 months. - 4 In the service-producing sector, employment in retail trade decreased by 67,000 in May, following a very large increase (176,000) in April. Several retail industries with substantial job gains in April experienced partially offsetting losses in May; these included eating and drinking places, department stores, and food stores. Job losses continued for the second month in a row in building materials and garden supplies stores. In May, wholesale trade employment was little changed following 2 months of strong gains. Employment in transportation and public utilities edged down in May, with small declines occurring in trucking, air transportation, and communications. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate was little changed in May. In finance, continued job gains in security brokerages were offset by losses in commercial banks and mortgage brokerages. Employment at mortgage brokerages has declined by 45,000 since May 1999. Services industry employment edged up by 17,000 in May. Monthly job gains in services have averaged 103,000 so far this year, compared with 124,000 a month for all of 1999. Within services, the help supply industry lost 36,000 jobs in May, following a large gain (74,000) in the prior month. Employment in personal services fell by 11,000 in May. Hotel employment declined slightly following 2 months of strong growth. There was below-average job growth in health services and in computer and data processing services. Amusements and recreation added 19,000 jobs in May, its third large increase so far this year. Government employment rose by 347,000 in May. The federal government hired 357,000 temporary workers for Census 2000, but employment declines continued in other federal agencies. State and local governments showed little change. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in May to 34.4 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.8 hour to 41.4 hours. Manufacturing overtime fell by 0.4 hour to 4.5 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.6 percent to 150.7 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was down by 1.9 percent to 105.8. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 1 cent in May to $13.65, seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings declined by 0.2 percent to $469.56. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.5 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.2 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for June 2000 is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 Revisions to Establishment Survey Data In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have been revised to reflect comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs (benchmarks). These counts are derived principally from unemployment insurance tax records for March 1999; the benchmark process resulted in revisions to all unadjusted data series from April 1998 forward, the time period since the last benchmark was established. All seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 1995 also have been revised, in accordance with the usual practice of revising 5 years of data. In addition to the routine benchmark revisions, all estimates for the wholesale trade division from April 1998 forward have been revised to incorporate a new sample design. This represents the first major industry division to convert to a probability-based sample under a 4-year phase-in plan for the CES sample redesign project. Table B presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis for the period January 1999 through February 2000. The revised data for April 1999 forward incorporate the effect of applying the rate of change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as updated bias adjustments and new seasonal adjustment factors. The total nonfarm employment level for March 1999 was revised upward by 258,000 (241,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The previously published level for February 2000 was revised upward by 192,000 (163,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The June 2000 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article that discusses the benchmark, the post-benchmark revisions, and the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for wholesale trade. (The article is available on the Internet at the address shown below.) This issue also will provide revised seasonal adjustment factors for March through October 2000 and revised estimates for all regularly published tables containing national establishment survey data on employment, hours, and earnings. LABSTAT, the BLS public database on the Internet, contains all historical data revised as a result of this benchmark and updated seasonal adjustment factors. The data can be accessed through the Current Employment Statistics (CES) homepage at http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm. Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by calling 202-691-6555 or via the Internet on the CES homepage. - 6 Table B. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, seasonally adjusted, January 1999-February 2000 (In thousands) ---------------------------------------------------------------| As previously | | Year and month | published | As revised | Difference ----------------|----------------|-------------|---------------| | | 1999: | | | January.......| 127,378 | 127,463 | 85 February......| 127,730 | 127,883 | 153 March.........| 127,813 | 128,054 | 241 April.........| 128,134 | 128,282 | 148 May...........| 128,162 | 128,377 | 215 June..........| 128,443 | 128,630 | 187 July..........| 128,816 | 128,898 | 82 August........| 128,945 | 129,057 | 112 September.....| 129,048 | 129,265 | 217 October.......| 129,332 | 129,523 | 191 November......| 129,589 | 129,788 | 199 December......| 129,898 | 130,038 | 140 2000: | | | January.......| 130,292 | 130,387 | 95 February......| 130,319 | 130,482 | 163 ---------------------------------------------------------------- - 7 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000, the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 8 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication individuals are counted only once, even if the establishment survey, employees working appearing on more than one payroll would be appearance. of individuals, because they hold more than one job. In at more than one job and thus counted separately for each Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 9 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 10 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or $40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age May 1999 Apr. 2000 May 2000 May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000 May 2000 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Not in labor force.............................. Persons who currently want a job.............. 207,427 138,919 67.0 133,411 64.3 3,489 129,923 5,507 4.0 68,508 5,267 209,216 140,403 67.1 135,215 64.6 3,330 131,885 5,188 3.7 68,813 4,422 209,371 140,395 67.1 134,961 64.5 3,490 131,471 5,435 3.9 68,975 4,989 207,427 139,013 67.0 133,190 64.2 3,290 129,900 5,823 4.2 68,414 4,658 208,782 140,910 67.5 135,221 64.8 3,371 131,850 5,689 4.0 67,872 4,252 208,907 141,165 67.6 135,362 64.8 3,408 131,954 5,804 4.1 67,742 4,374 209,053 140,867 67.4 135,159 64.7 3,359 131,801 5,708 4.1 68,187 4,594 209,216 141,230 67.5 135,706 64.9 3,355 132,351 5,524 3.9 67,986 4,352 209,371 140,489 67.1 134,715 64.3 3,298 131,417 5,774 4.1 68,882 4,412 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 99,563 100,487 100,566 74,376 74,747 74,928 74.7 74.4 74.5 71,470 71,979 72,199 71.8 71.6 71.8 2,906 2,768 2,729 3.9 3.7 3.6 99,563 100,266 100,330 100,405 100,487 100,566 74,318 75,304 75,594 75,198 75,189 74,883 74.6 75.1 75.3 74.9 74.8 74.5 71,207 72,358 72,473 72,313 72,307 71,948 71.5 72.2 72.2 72.0 72.0 71.5 3,111 2,946 3,121 2,885 2,882 2,934 4.2 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.9 91,368 70,069 76.7 67,738 74.1 2,356 65,382 2,331 3.3 91,368 69,978 76.6 67,470 73.8 2,224 65,246 2,508 3.6 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 92,303 70,616 76.5 68,389 74.1 2,252 66,136 2,227 3.2 92,408 70,691 76.5 68,491 74.1 2,346 66,145 2,200 3.1 92,057 70,917 77.0 68,585 74.5 2,303 66,282 2,332 3.3 92,092 71,120 77.2 68,691 74.6 2,309 66,382 2,429 3.4 92,145 70,822 76.9 68,480 74.3 2,232 66,249 2,342 3.3 92,303 70,761 76.7 68,481 74.2 2,213 66,269 2,280 3.2 92,408 70,603 76.4 68,230 73.8 2,217 66,013 2,373 3.4 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,864 108,729 108,805 107,864 108,516 108,577 108,649 108,729 108,805 Civilian labor force............................ 64,543 65,656 65,468 64,695 65,606 65,572 65,668 66,041 65,606 Participation rate........................ 59.8 60.4 60.2 60.0 60.5 60.4 60.4 60.7 60.3 Employed...................................... 61,941 63,236 62,762 61,983 62,863 62,889 62,846 63,399 62,767 Employment-population ratio............... 57.4 58.2 57.7 57.5 57.9 57.9 57.8 58.3 57.7 Unemployed.................................... 2,602 2,420 2,705 2,712 2,743 2,683 2,823 2,642 2,839 Unemployment rate......................... 4.0 3.7 4.1 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.0 4.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,008 100,809 100,929 100,008 100,579 100,666 100,713 100,809 100,929 Civilian labor force............................ 60,609 61,790 61,530 60,708 61,576 61,575 61,671 61,920 61,614 Participation rate........................ 60.6 61.3 61.0 60.7 61.2 61.2 61.2 61.4 61.0 Employed...................................... 58,524 59,785 59,322 58,483 59,280 59,398 59,422 59,757 59,248 Employment-population ratio............... 58.5 59.3 58.8 58.5 58.9 59.0 59.0 59.3 58.7 Agriculture................................. 835 867 881 820 826 871 894 899 864 Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,689 58,917 58,442 57,663 58,454 58,526 58,528 58,858 58,383 Unemployed.................................... 2,086 2,005 2,208 2,225 2,297 2,178 2,249 2,163 2,367 Unemployment rate......................... 3.4 3.2 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.8 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 16,051 8,240 51.3 7,150 44.5 297 6,852 1,091 13.2 16,104 7,998 49.7 7,042 43.7 210 6,832 956 12.0 16,034 8,175 51.0 7,147 44.6 263 6,884 1,027 12.6 16,051 8,327 51.9 7,237 45.1 246 6,991 1,090 13.1 16,147 8,416 52.1 7,356 45.6 242 7,114 1,060 12.6 16,149 8,470 52.4 7,273 45.0 228 7,046 1,197 14.1 16,196 8,374 51.7 7,257 44.8 233 7,024 1,117 13.3 16,104 8,549 53.1 7,467 46.4 243 7,224 1,082 12.7 16,034 8,271 51.6 7,237 45.1 217 7,020 1,034 12.5 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin May 1999 Apr. 2000 May 2000 May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000 May 2000 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 172,859 174,092 174,197 172,859 173,812 173,886 173,983 174,092 174,197 Civilian labor force............................ 116,198 117,281 117,156 116,193 117,716 117,821 117,832 117,988 117,097 Participation rate.......................... 67.2 67.4 67.3 67.2 67.7 67.8 67.7 67.8 67.2 Employed...................................... 112,160 113,458 113,309 111,898 113,704 113,634 113,630 113,915 112,988 Employment-population ratio................. 64.9 65.2 65.0 64.7 65.4 65.3 65.3 65.4 64.9 Unemployed.................................... 4,038 3,823 3,847 4,295 4,011 4,187 4,202 4,073 4,108 Unemployment rate........................... 3.5 3.3 3.3 3.7 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.5 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 59,635 77.1 57,904 74.9 1,732 2.9 59,958 76.9 58,327 74.8 1,631 2.7 60,045 77.0 58,475 74.9 1,571 2.6 59,502 77.0 57,635 74.5 1,867 3.1 60,179 77.3 58,487 75.2 1,693 2.8 60,387 77.6 58,631 75.3 1,756 2.9 60,282 77.4 58,541 75.1 1,742 2.9 60,048 77.0 58,386 74.9 1,662 2.8 59,882 76.7 58,184 74.6 1,698 2.8 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 49,549 59.8 48,067 58.0 1,482 3.0 50,532 60.6 49,101 58.9 1,431 2.8 50,188 60.1 48,665 58.3 1,523 3.0 49,625 59.9 48,004 57.9 1,621 3.3 50,404 60.5 48,857 58.7 1,547 3.1 50,335 60.4 48,792 58.6 1,544 3.1 50,448 60.5 48,820 58.6 1,628 3.2 50,726 60.8 49,150 58.9 1,576 3.1 50,237 60.2 48,567 58.2 1,670 3.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... 7,014 55.3 6,189 48.8 825 11.8 12.1 11.4 6,791 53.4 6,030 47.4 761 11.2 12.6 9.7 6,924 54.5 6,170 48.6 753 10.9 10.6 11.2 7,066 55.7 6,259 49.3 807 11.4 12.2 10.6 7,132 56.0 6,360 50.0 772 10.8 12.4 9.1 7,099 55.8 6,211 48.8 888 12.5 14.4 10.4 7,102 55.8 6,270 49.3 832 11.7 11.3 12.1 7,214 56.7 6,379 50.2 835 11.6 13.0 10.0 6,978 54.9 6,237 49.1 740 10.6 10.7 10.5 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 24,798 16,248 65.5 15,058 60.7 1,190 7.3 25,135 16,504 65.7 15,412 61.3 1,092 6.6 25,161 16,549 65.8 15,268 60.7 1,281 7.7 24,798 16,290 65.7 15,053 60.7 1,237 7.6 25,047 16,622 66.4 15,254 60.9 1,368 8.2 25,076 16,785 66.9 15,471 61.7 1,314 7.8 25,105 16,572 66.0 15,356 61.2 1,216 7.3 25,135 16,636 66.2 15,444 61.4 1,191 7.2 25,161 16,596 66.0 15,261 60.7 1,335 8.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 7,209 72.8 6,754 68.2 455 6.3 7,324 72.8 6,858 68.1 467 6.4 7,288 72.3 6,783 67.3 505 6.9 7,182 72.6 6,710 67.8 472 6.6 7,386 73.7 6,839 68.2 547 7.4 7,441 74.2 6,910 68.9 532 7.1 7,300 72.6 6,830 68.0 469 6.4 7,351 73.0 6,864 68.2 487 6.6 7,261 72.0 6,736 66.8 524 7.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 8,144 65.6 7,631 61.4 513 6.3 8,293 65.8 7,830 62.2 463 5.6 8,350 66.2 7,786 61.7 564 6.8 8,178 65.8 7,647 61.6 531 6.5 8,315 66.3 7,715 61.5 600 7.2 8,344 66.4 7,805 62.1 539 6.5 8,314 66.1 7,808 62.1 506 6.1 8,291 65.8 7,807 62.0 484 5.8 8,384 66.5 7,801 61.9 583 7.0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... 895 36.1 674 27.2 222 24.8 25.1 24.5 886 35.8 724 29.3 162 18.3 18.4 18.2 912 36.9 699 28.3 213 23.4 24.7 22.1 930 37.5 696 28.1 234 25.2 27.9 22.5 921 37.2 701 28.3 220 23.9 24.0 23.8 999 40.4 756 30.6 243 24.3 22.3 26.6 958 38.7 718 29.0 240 25.1 21.3 28.9 993 40.2 773 31.3 220 22.2 22.0 22.4 951 38.5 724 29.3 227 23.9 27.7 20.2 21,548 14,498 67.3 13,613 63.2 885 6.1 22,231 15,268 68.7 14,466 65.1 802 5.3 22,292 15,275 68.5 14,475 64.9 800 5.2 21,548 14,555 67.5 13,574 63.0 981 6.7 22,047 15,251 69.2 14,395 65.3 856 5.6 22,108 15,249 69.0 14,382 65.1 868 5.7 22,166 15,313 69.1 14,355 64.8 958 6.3 22,231 15,355 69.1 14,524 65.3 831 5.4 22,292 15,322 68.7 14,432 64.7 890 5.8 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment May 1999 Apr. 2000 May 2000 May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000 May 2000 28,298 12,052 42.6 11,332 40.0 720 6.0 28,069 12,007 42.8 11,286 40.2 721 6.0 28,096 11,966 42.6 11,225 40.0 740 6.2 28,298 11,891 42.0 11,085 39.2 806 6.8 27,995 11,895 42.5 11,106 39.7 789 6.6 27,376 11,971 43.7 11,257 41.1 714 6.0 27,523 11,726 42.6 10,918 39.7 808 6.9 28,069 11,945 42.6 11,218 40.0 727 6.1 28,096 11,815 42.1 10,984 39.1 832 7.0 57,931 37,548 64.8 36,346 62.7 1,202 3.2 58,015 37,699 65.0 36,474 62.9 1,226 3.3 57,746 37,406 64.8 36,218 62.7 1,188 3.2 57,931 37,365 64.5 36,022 62.2 1,343 3.6 57,768 37,617 65.1 36,305 62.8 1,311 3.5 57,471 37,603 65.4 36,294 63.2 1,309 3.5 58,033 37,671 64.9 36,401 62.7 1,270 3.4 58,015 37,666 64.9 36,401 62.7 1,265 3.4 57,746 37,224 64.5 35,895 62.2 1,329 3.6 42,742 31,640 74.0 30,795 72.0 845 2.7 43,896 32,522 74.1 31,684 72.2 838 2.6 44,153 32,760 74.2 31,970 72.4 790 2.4 42,742 31,944 74.7 31,049 72.6 895 2.8 43,689 32,397 74.2 31,564 72.2 833 2.6 44,486 32,544 73.2 31,595 71.0 949 2.9 44,225 32,967 74.5 32,090 72.6 878 2.7 43,896 32,684 74.5 31,843 72.5 841 2.6 44,153 33,065 74.9 32,228 73.0 838 2.5 44,442 35,650 80.2 35,037 78.8 613 1.7 44,864 36,074 80.4 35,581 79.3 493 1.4 45,029 36,005 80.0 35,469 78.8 536 1.5 44,442 35,677 80.3 35,020 78.8 657 1.8 45,058 36,205 80.4 35,540 78.9 665 1.8 45,247 36,265 80.1 35,678 78.9 587 1.6 44,838 36,060 80.4 35,481 79.1 579 1.6 44,864 36,099 80.5 35,545 79.2 553 1.5 45,029 36,011 80.0 35,433 78.7 577 1.6 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category May 1999 Apr. 2000 May 2000 May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000 May 2000 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 133,411 135,215 134,961 133,190 135,221 135,362 135,159 135,706 134,715 Married men, spouse present..................... 42,839 43,186 43,043 42,997 43,951 43,535 43,297 43,272 43,216 Married women, spouse present................... 33,487 33,944 33,820 33,442 34,166 33,882 33,780 33,877 33,786 Women who maintain families..................... 8,127 8,382 8,343 8,081 8,362 8,220 8,082 8,307 8,301 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... Technical, sales, and administrative support.... Service occupations............................. Precision production, craft, and repair......... Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 40,477 38,868 18,075 14,519 17,794 3,678 40,745 39,561 18,734 14,530 18,212 3,432 40,833 39,458 18,199 14,941 17,885 3,645 40,503 38,939 18,049 14,452 17,920 3,440 40,924 39,614 18,155 14,610 18,385 3,574 40,806 39,703 18,344 14,681 18,279 3,630 40,595 39,510 18,711 14,520 18,334 3,562 40,665 39,680 18,885 14,501 18,453 3,477 40,858 39,537 18,181 14,867 18,020 3,410 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,067 2,048 2,142 1,930 2,024 2,025 2,043 2,054 2,006 Self-employed workers......................... 1,387 1,247 1,310 1,330 1,320 1,344 1,292 1,272 1,252 Unpaid family workers......................... 35 36 37 36 38 51 42 43 38 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 121,110 122,992 122,644 121,311 122,823 123,166 123,169 123,623 122,860 Government.................................. 18,766 19,434 19,130 18,771 19,013 19,394 19,598 19,280 19,169 Private industries.......................... 102,344 103,558 103,514 102,540 103,810 103,772 103,571 104,343 103,691 Private households........................ 899 982 938 914 952 1,016 998 1,019 953 Other industries.......................... 101,445 102,576 102,576 101,626 102,858 102,756 102,573 103,324 102,738 Self-employed workers......................... 8,748 8,794 8,740 8,726 8,802 8,793 8,704 8,750 8,714 Unpaid family workers......................... 65 99 87 61 92 74 107 103 82 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 3,281 1,835 1,122 19,136 3,043 1,827 986 19,509 3,140 1,846 986 18,851 3,399 1,950 1,116 18,692 3,219 1,893 1,012 18,889 3,139 1,807 1,023 19,031 3,124 1,820 953 18,770 3,124 1,844 1,016 18,474 3,248 1,962 978 18,409 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 3,127 1,748 1,092 18,568 2,933 1,768 957 18,948 3,003 1,743 965 18,281 3,229 1,845 1,089 18,138 3,066 1,801 986 18,347 2,985 1,705 1,005 18,406 3,003 1,766 922 18,184 3,021 1,782 989 17,943 3,096 1,840 962 17,853 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Category May 1999 Apr. 2000 May 2000 May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000 May 2000 Total, 16 years and over......................... Men, 20 years and over......................... Women, 20 years and over....................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 5,823 2,508 2,225 1,090 5,524 2,280 2,163 1,082 5,774 2,373 2,367 1,034 4.2 3.6 3.7 13.1 4.0 3.3 3.7 12.6 4.1 3.4 3.5 14.1 4.1 3.3 3.6 13.3 3.9 3.2 3.5 12.7 4.1 3.4 3.8 12.5 Married men, spouse present.................... Married women, spouse present.................. Women who maintain families.................... 1,019 879 517 776 897 559 825 1,014 576 2.3 2.6 6.0 2.0 2.6 6.2 2.1 2.6 6.1 2.0 2.7 6.8 1.8 2.6 6.3 1.9 2.9 6.5 Full-time workers.............................. Part-time workers.............................. 4,633 1,265 4,427 1,093 4,592 1,258 4.0 5.2 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.9 3.8 5.1 3.8 4.6 3.9 5.3 811 1,364 602 1,230 281 685 1,373 525 1,313 262 738 1,528 519 1,213 198 2.0 3.4 4.0 6.4 7.6 1.8 3.4 3.7 6.1 4.7 1.6 3.7 4.2 6.1 5.7 1.8 3.5 3.8 6.4 5.1 1.7 3.3 3.5 6.6 7.0 1.8 3.7 3.4 6.3 5.5 4,559 1,276 34 517 725 418 307 3,283 243 1,439 179 1,422 473 217 4,375 1,232 17 383 832 499 333 3,144 224 1,369 211 1,340 327 189 4,534 1,203 23 431 749 455 293 3,331 250 1,403 201 1,477 393 166 4.3 4.5 5.9 7.2 3.5 3.4 3.8 4.2 3.2 5.3 2.2 4.0 2.5 10.1 4.2 4.1 2.6 6.4 3.2 2.8 3.9 4.3 3.7 5.1 2.5 4.2 2.1 5.0 4.2 4.4 4.0 7.5 3.3 3.0 3.8 4.1 3.2 5.3 2.9 3.7 2.2 6.5 4.3 4.6 2.5 6.9 3.9 3.0 5.2 4.2 3.1 5.4 2.4 4.0 1.7 5.6 4.0 4.3 2.8 5.2 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.9 2.9 4.9 2.6 3.7 1.7 8.4 4.2 4.2 4.2 5.8 3.7 3.6 3.7 4.2 3.2 5.1 2.4 4.1 2.0 7.6 CHARACTERISTIC OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... Technical, sales, and administrative support... Precision production, craft, and repair........ Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... Farming, forestry, and fishing................. INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Goods-producing industries................... Mining..................................... Construction............................... Manufacturing.............................. Durable goods............................ Nondurable goods......................... Service-producing industries................. Transportation and public utilities........ Wholesale and retail trade................. Finance, insurance, and real estate........ Services................................... Government workers............................. Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration May 1999 Apr. 2000 May 2000 May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000 May 2000 Less than 5 weeks................................ 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 15 weeks and over................................ 15 to 26 weeks................................ 27 weeks and over............................. 2,494 1,469 1,544 845 699 2,139 1,666 1,383 778 605 2,516 1,563 1,356 731 625 2,502 1,832 1,519 784 735 2,447 1,754 1,372 667 705 2,603 1,864 1,277 673 604 2,824 1,719 1,295 657 637 2,455 1,868 1,250 670 580 2,531 1,953 1,337 677 660 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ Median duration, in weeks........................ 13.6 6.4 13.1 7.3 12.8 5.7 13.4 6.6 13.2 5.7 12.5 6.1 12.8 6.0 12.4 6.0 12.6 5.8 100.0 45.3 26.7 28.0 15.3 12.7 100.0 41.2 32.1 26.7 15.0 11.7 100.0 46.3 28.8 25.0 13.5 11.5 100.0 42.7 31.3 26.0 13.4 12.6 100.0 43.9 31.5 24.6 12.0 12.7 100.0 45.3 32.5 22.2 11.7 10.5 100.0 48.4 29.4 22.2 11.3 10.9 100.0 44.1 33.5 22.4 12.0 10.4 100.0 43.5 33.5 23.0 11.6 11.3 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. Less than 5 weeks.............................. 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 15 weeks and over.............................. 15 to 26 weeks............................... 27 weeks and over............................ NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason May 1999 Apr. 2000 May 2000 May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000 May 2000 2,362 609 1,753 1,295 458 699 2,052 394 2,248 692 1,556 1,081 475 778 1,802 361 2,182 646 1,536 1,060 476 694 2,108 451 2,678 837 1,841 (1) (1) 781 2,034 440 2,477 739 1,739 (1) (1) 776 2,043 393 2,616 838 1,778 (1) (1) 759 1,975 387 2,541 781 1,759 (1) (1) 824 1,979 434 2,306 703 1,602 (1) (1) 833 1,961 408 2,483 894 1,589 (1) (1) 774 2,093 500 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.9 11.1 31.8 12.7 37.3 7.2 43.3 13.3 30.0 15.0 34.7 6.9 40.2 11.9 28.3 12.8 38.8 8.3 45.1 14.1 31.0 13.2 34.3 7.4 43.5 13.0 30.6 13.6 35.9 6.9 45.6 14.6 31.0 13.2 34.4 6.7 44.0 13.5 30.5 14.3 34.3 7.5 41.9 12.8 29.1 15.1 35.6 7.4 42.4 15.3 27.2 13.2 35.8 8.5 1.7 .5 1.5 .3 1.6 .6 1.3 .3 1.6 .5 1.5 .3 1.9 .6 1.5 .3 1.8 .6 1.4 .3 1.9 .5 1.4 .3 1.8 .6 1.4 .3 1.6 .6 1.4 .3 1.8 .6 1.5 .4 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................. Not on temporary layoff......................... Permanent job losers.......................... Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... Job leavers....................................... Reentrants........................................ New entrants...................................... PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................ Not on temporary layoff........................ Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure May 1999 Apr. 2000 May 2000 May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000 May 2000 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 .9 .9 .9 1.0 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.0 3.7 3.9 4.2 4.0 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.1 3.9 4.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 4.8 4.5 4.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 7.1 6.7 6.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Age and sex May 1999 Apr. 2000 May 2000 May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000 May 2000 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years.................................. 16 to 19 years................................ 16 to 17 years.............................. 18 to 19 years.............................. 20 to 24 years................................ 25 years and over............................... 25 to 54 years................................ 55 years and over............................. 5,823 2,130 1,090 540 563 1,040 3,686 3,225 474 5,524 2,115 1,082 481 597 1,033 3,411 2,964 427 5,774 2,198 1,034 521 525 1,164 3,556 3,132 440 4.2 9.6 13.1 16.1 11.2 7.5 3.2 3.2 2.7 4.0 9.3 12.6 14.0 11.4 7.4 3.0 3.1 2.8 4.1 10.0 14.1 15.9 12.8 7.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.1 9.7 13.3 15.3 12.1 7.6 3.0 3.0 2.7 3.9 9.3 12.7 14.6 11.4 7.2 2.9 3.0 2.4 4.1 9.8 12.5 16.0 10.4 8.2 3.0 3.1 2.4 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 3,111 1,184 603 310 301 581 1,924 1,665 273 2,882 1,153 603 270 337 550 1,735 1,462 268 2,934 1,179 562 286 283 617 1,744 1,506 256 4.2 10.2 13.9 17.6 11.5 8.0 3.1 3.1 2.8 3.9 9.7 14.0 14.3 13.7 7.2 2.8 2.9 2.5 4.1 10.3 15.5 17.3 13.9 7.3 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.8 9.2 12.4 15.1 10.5 7.4 2.8 2.8 2.8 3.8 9.6 13.6 15.8 12.4 7.3 2.7 2.7 2.7 3.9 10.0 13.1 16.9 10.8 8.3 2.8 2.8 2.6 Women, 16 years and over........................ 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 2,712 946 487 230 262 459 1,762 1,560 201 2,642 962 479 211 260 483 1,676 1,502 159 2,839 1,019 472 235 241 546 1,811 1,625 184 4.2 8.9 12.2 14.5 10.9 6.9 3.3 3.4 2.6 4.2 8.9 11.1 13.7 8.9 7.6 3.2 3.3 3.1 4.1 9.6 12.6 14.3 11.6 7.8 3.0 3.0 3.3 4.3 10.2 14.4 15.4 13.7 7.7 3.2 3.3 2.7 4.0 8.9 11.6 13.3 10.4 7.2 3.0 3.2 2.0 4.3 9.5 11.8 15.0 9.9 8.2 3.3 3.5 2.3 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category May 1999 May 2000 May 1999 May 2000 May 1999 May 2000 68,508 5,267 1,148 68,975 4,989 1,116 25,187 2,323 506 25,638 2,222 538 43,321 2,944 642 43,337 2,767 578 256 892 282 834 134 373 163 375 122 520 119 459 Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... Percent of total employed..................................... 7,895 5.9 7,710 5.7 4,117 5.8 4,059 5.6 3,778 6.1 3,650 5.8 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 4,420 1,639 264 1,537 4,319 1,590 278 1,460 2,595 493 190 823 2,531 517 206 777 1,825 1,146 74 714 1,788 1,072 72 683 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... Persons who currently want a job................................ Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry May 1999 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000p May 2000p May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000p May 2000p Total1........................ 129,031 130,024 131,267 132,326 128,377 130,387 130,482 131,009 131,423 131,654 Total private.................... 108,528 109,080 110,222 110,909 108,274 110,036 110,088 110,462 110,758 110,642 Goods-producing......................... 25,478 25,221 25,486 25,712 25,436 25,677 25,624 25,738 25,717 25,670 Mining................................ Metal mining........................ Coal mining......................... Oil and gas extraction.............. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 531 45.3 86.3 284.8 114.7 525 44.1 80.0 295.3 106.0 532 44.0 79.9 298.2 109.9 537 44.4 79.0 300.8 112.4 532 45 86 289 112 530 45 81 293 111 533 45 81 296 111 536 45 80 300 111 539 45 80 304 110 538 44 79 305 110 Construction.......................... 6,430 6,288 6,531 6,731 General building contractors........ 1,441.0 1,436.7 1,461.9 1,489.8 Heavy construction, except building. 895.5 800.3 871.8 928.3 Special trade contractors........... 4,093.0 4,050.7 4,197.6 4,313.0 6,364 1,444 861 4,059 6,652 1,498 892 4,262 6,618 1,491 885 4,242 6,726 1,508 905 4,313 6,692 1,497 898 4,297 6,663 1,492 893 4,278 Manufacturing......................... Production workers................ 18,517 12,723 18,408 12,640 18,423 12,647 18,444 12,661 18,540 12,741 18,495 12,713 18,473 12,697 18,476 12,683 18,486 12,690 18,469 12,675 Durable goods........................ Production workers................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Computer and office equipment..... Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Electronic components and accessories.................... Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Aircraft and parts................ Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11,097 7,597 824.1 545.5 568.4 698.2 11,077 7,576 817.9 555.9 556.3 701.4 11,091 7,590 819.4 556.2 565.9 699.0 11,107 7,599 824.4 557.8 571.1 697.6 11,091 7,584 827 546 563 699 11,099 7,592 830 553 568 699 11,088 7,592 832 553 567 699 11,094 7,580 830 555 568 701 11,103 7,589 829 557 567 699 11,103 7,585 828 558 566 699 227.2 227.3 226.6 225.5 1,514.7 1,527.4 1,532.1 1,533.8 2,144.6 2,129.2 2,127.8 2,130.4 371.7 363.3 361.0 360.4 (2) 1,515 2,141 372 (2) 1,523 2,130 369 (2) 1,525 2,131 368 (2) 1,528 2,124 366 (2) 1,534 2,125 364 (2) 1,534 2,127 361 1,663.7 1,681.9 1,687.3 1,690.9 1,666 1,679 1,684 1,682 1,691 1,693 633.5 646.3 650.2 654.6 1,887.4 1,868.0 1,863.7 1,861.7 1,020.4 1,026.5 1,027.2 1,027.2 501.0 465.3 461.0 459.5 856.3 844.0 843.1 843.4 394.0 395.3 396.6 395.7 634 1,883 1,016 503 857 394 642 1,871 1,027 469 847 399 645 1,855 1,029 453 844 398 646 1,865 1,028 467 844 397 651 1,860 1,026 461 844 397 655 1,858 1,023 461 845 395 7,420 5,126 1,650.4 35.3 562.6 701.5 667.7 1,548.6 1,035.2 134.7 1,005.2 78.7 7,449 5,157 1,677 38 562 699 669 1,551 1,035 134 1,006 78 7,396 5,121 1,681 38 548 666 664 1,549 1,031 132 1,011 76 7,385 5,105 1,672 37 549 665 663 1,550 1,031 132 1,010 76 7,382 5,103 1,671 35 549 665 662 1,551 1,031 132 1,010 76 7,383 5,101 1,677 37 548 664 661 1,554 1,030 131 1,006 75 7,366 5,090 1,675 37 544 656 660 1,552 1,028 132 1,007 75 Nondurable goods..................... Production workers................ Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 7,331 5,064 1,635.6 33.9 547.2 663.4 659.6 1,548.1 1,029.4 128.6 1,010.1 75.4 7,332 5,057 1,636.1 34.6 547.0 663.4 658.8 1,550.4 1,028.1 130.5 1,008.0 75.0 7,337 5,062 1,648.3 33.9 544.7 658.8 658.5 1,549.9 1,028.8 132.7 1,006.8 75.0 Service-producing1...................... 103,553 104,803 105,781 106,614 102,941 104,710 104,858 105,271 105,706 105,984 Transportation and public utilities... 6,807 6,901 6,938 6,971 Transportation...................... 4,400 4,446 4,483 4,512 Railroad transportation........... 232.9 219.8 220.9 222.1 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 500.1 507.8 513.5 516.6 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,791.8 1,797.7 1,812.7 1,827.4 Water transportation.............. 186.7 189.7 196.9 202.2 Transportation by air............. 1,211.2 1,254.8 1,257.2 1,259.1 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.0 12.4 12.4 12.5 Transportation services........... 464.0 464.0 469.4 472.3 Communications and public utilities. 2,407 2,455 2,455 2,459 Communications.................... 1,542.7 1,599.5 1,600.7 1,602.0 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 863.9 855.8 854.2 856.7 6,797 4,392 232 6,925 4,470 225 6,937 4,479 225 6,953 4,492 222 6,973 4,512 221 6,962 4,505 221 483 1,798 185 1,218 13 463 2,405 1,541 493 1,827 192 1,256 13 464 2,455 1,591 494 1,828 196 1,259 12 465 2,458 1,598 494 1,833 197 1,268 12 466 2,461 1,602 499 1,839 200 1,270 12 471 2,461 1,604 499 1,834 200 1,266 13 472 2,457 1,600 864 864 860 859 857 857 6,905 4,101 2,804 22,803 7,001 4,171 2,830 22,582 7,030 4,185 2,845 22,947 7,053 4,198 2,855 23,181 6,898 4,102 2,796 22,763 7,005 4,174 2,831 22,973 7,011 4,177 2,834 22,978 7,033 4,185 2,848 23,027 7,051 4,197 2,854 23,203 7,047 4,200 2,847 23,136 1,025.5 2,700.5 2,376.0 3,478.1 1,002.3 2,658.5 2,325.8 3,455.5 1,048.0 2,698.0 2,359.6 3,481.4 1,072.4 2,704.3 2,363.2 3,492.6 982 2,781 2,444 3,496 1,016 2,765 2,419 3,501 1,020 2,762 2,417 3,503 1,034 2,756 2,409 3,502 1,033 2,791 2,442 3,523 1,027 2,784 2,429 3,511 2,370.7 2,387.1 2,403.2 2,417.0 1,074.8 1,102.2 1,103.9 1,107.0 1,140.1 1,149.5 1,162.5 1,163.8 2,364 1,075 1,168 2,399 1,097 1,176 2,394 1,100 1,184 2,407 1,105 1,188 2,409 1,105 1,195 2,410 1,107 1,192 1,068.3 1,101.1 1,101.8 1,099.5 8,092.4 7,866.9 8,079.0 8,228.2 2,927.7 2,961.3 2,973.2 3,003.4 1,080 7,932 2,960 1,099 7,998 3,019 1,102 7,992 3,021 1,111 8,000 3,029 1,113 8,098 3,041 1,111 8,065 3,036 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,556 7,571 7,581 7,604 Finance............................. 3,683 3,705 3,701 3,702 Depository institutions........... 2,057.1 2,049.0 2,045.6 2,045.5 Commercial banks................ 1,473.4 1,462.0 1,458.3 1,458.1 Savings institutions............ 251.7 243.2 242.8 242.2 Nondepository institutions........ 717.2 693.0 686.5 683.0 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 368.3 330.7 325.2 322.9 Security and commodity brokers.... 677.1 723.8 727.7 733.5 Holding and other investment offices........................ 231.7 239.6 240.7 239.7 Insurance........................... 2,368 2,367 2,360 2,362 Insurance carriers................ 1,609.4 1,601.0 1,593.4 1,593.6 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 758.6 766.2 766.6 768.1 Real estate......................... 1,505 1,499 1,520 1,540 7,559 3,689 2,061 1,477 252 717 366 680 7,612 3,709 2,058 1,470 247 699 339 716 7,624 3,717 2,057 1,469 245 699 338 723 7,621 3,713 2,054 1,466 243 692 330 728 7,611 3,709 2,052 1,464 243 686 324 732 7,607 3,708 2,050 1,462 243 682 321 737 231 2,370 1,611 236 2,372 1,606 238 2,373 1,606 239 2,373 1,605 239 2,366 1,598 239 2,364 1,596 759 1,500 766 1,531 767 1,534 768 1,535 768 1,536 768 1,535 38,821 756 1,837 1,223 9,183 978 3,554 3,189 39,844 806 1,866 1,263 9,571 997 3,753 3,361 39,914 796 1,868 1,265 9,615 1,000 3,773 3,382 40,090 812 1,885 1,265 9,681 1,004 3,817 3,418 40,203 801 1,899 1,272 9,735 1,001 3,891 3,492 40,220 801 1,892 1,261 9,724 1,000 3,869 3,456 Wholesale trade....................... Durable goods....................... Nondurable goods.................... Retail trade.......................... Building materials and garden supplies......................... General merchandise stores.......... Department stores................. Food stores......................... Automotive dealers and service stations......................... New and used car dealers.......... Apparel and accessory stores........ Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... Eating and drinking places.......... Miscellaneous retail establishments. Services3............................. Agricultural services............... Hotels and other lodging places..... Personal services................... Business services................... Services to buildings............. Personnel supply services......... Help supply services............ 38,979 812.8 1,850.7 1,206.6 9,154.8 982.8 3,528.7 3,165.8 39,804 724.4 1,806.1 1,328.7 9,527.4 995.9 3,691.4 3,297.9 40,240 810.6 1,849.1 1,337.9 9,638.9 998.7 3,792.7 3,388.3 40,388 861.2 1,904.8 1,243.5 9,692.5 1,005.3 3,833.9 3,428.5 Computer and data processing services....................... Auto repair, services, and parking.. Miscellaneous repair services....... Motion pictures..................... Amusement and recreation services... Health services..................... Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ Nursing and personal care facilities..................... Hospitals......................... Home health care services......... Legal services...................... Educational services................ Social services..................... Child day care services........... Residential care.................. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... Membership organizations............ Engineering and management services. Engineering and architectural services....................... Management and public relations... Services, nec....................... Government1........................... Federal1............................ Federal, except Postal Service1... State............................... Education......................... Other State government............ Local............................... Education......................... Other local government............ 1,813.3 1,185.8 379.0 612.9 1,726.4 9,966.2 1,917.7 1,190.7 381.7 627.9 1,577.8 10076.8 1,920.0 1,194.6 381.2 628.3 1,725.5 10080.8 1,923.9 1,198.0 382.4 624.8 1,867.0 10088.3 1,815 1,185 378 613 1,640 9,975 1,896 1,194 382 626 1,721 10,066 1,906 1,195 384 623 1,723 10,078 1,915 1,192 384 630 1,729 10,091 1,923 1,196 382 634 1,755 10,094 1,926 1,197 381 624 1,774 10,097 1,868.0 1,914.9 1,919.8 1,924.7 1,871 1,910 1,914 1,920 1,926 1,927 1,780.9 3,973.2 637.3 989.5 2,303.9 2,801.1 710.0 767.8 1,784.6 3,998.9 639.2 1,000.7 2,389.9 2,973.6 782.7 815.9 1,785 3,980 635 995 2,270 2,775 687 768 1,788 4,001 638 1,008 2,308 2,905 737 803 1,790 4,002 639 1,007 2,309 2,912 740 807 1,791 4,004 639 1,007 2,329 2,929 749 810 1,789 3,999 641 1,006 2,330 2,941 754 813 1,788 4,005 637 1,006 2,354 2,945 757 816 100.5 95.3 99.9 103.8 2,418.0 2,426.6 2,428.4 2,435.5 3,227.3 3,379.0 3,385.8 3,375.6 97 2,419 3,232 100 2,439 3,344 100 2,439 3,354 101 2,440 3,369 102 2,440 3,370 100 2,437 3,381 946.2 975.9 981.4 988.7 1,028.0 1,081.1 1,088.6 1,092.7 51.1 53.0 53.7 53.9 948 1,026 (2) 982 1,074 (2) 984 1,077 (2) 985 1,085 (2) 987 1,090 (2) 991 1,091 (2) 20,103 2,664 1,789 4,684 1,963 2,721 12,755 7,238 5,517 20,351 2,663 1,797 4,725 1,981 2,744 12,963 7,356 5,607 20,394 2,700 1,835 4,728 1,981 2,747 12,966 7,355 5,611 20,547 2,816 1,951 4,733 1,982 2,751 12,998 7,373 5,625 20,665 2,884 2,021 4,742 1,990 2,752 13,039 7,410 5,629 21,012 3,228 2,365 4,743 1,992 2,751 13,041 7,418 5,623 20,503 2,666 1,797.4 4,741 2,020.0 2,720.8 13,096 7,606.8 5,489.1 1,787.1 4,000.2 638.3 1,001.5 2,473.9 2,940.9 767.4 808.5 20,944 2,808 1,947.7 4,859 2,125.6 2,733.8 13,277 7,759.6 5,517.6 1,783.5 3,995.0 639.8 999.9 2,476.8 2,956.7 772.9 811.4 21,045 2,880 2,022.1 4,872 2,132.0 2,739.6 13,293 7,756.5 5,536.3 21,417 3,232 2,375.9 4,799 2,048.7 2,750.6 13,386 7,792.3 5,593.9 1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000. Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, and 619,000 in January, February, March, April, and May 2000, respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1999 benchmarks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for wholesale trade, and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry May 1999 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000p May 2000p May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000p May 2000p Total private.................... 34.6 34.2 34.6 34.3 34.5 34.5 34.6 34.5 34.5 34.4 Goods-producing......................... 41.1 40.9 41.1 40.9 41.0 41.1 41.3 41.2 41.5 40.8 Mining................................ 44.2 43.9 44.9 44.3 43.9 44.7 44.7 44.7 45.3 44.0 Construction.......................... 39.3 38.8 39.2 39.6 39.0 39.3 39.7 39.8 39.6 39.2 Manufacturing......................... Overtime hours.................... 41.7 4.5 41.5 4.5 41.7 4.6 41.4 4.4 41.7 4.6 41.7 4.6 41.8 4.7 41.7 4.6 42.2 4.9 41.4 4.5 Durable goods........................ Overtime hours.................... 42.3 4.7 42.2 4.7 42.3 4.8 42.0 4.7 42.2 4.7 42.3 4.8 42.3 4.9 42.3 4.8 42.8 5.1 41.9 4.7 Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 41.4 39.8 43.9 44.4 40.5 39.9 42.5 44.3 41.1 40.0 43.2 44.5 40.8 39.8 43.4 44.0 41.2 40.3 43.4 44.2 41.1 40.2 43.6 44.5 41.0 40.3 43.5 44.5 40.9 40.2 43.4 44.4 41.2 40.7 43.6 44.9 40.6 40.3 42.9 43.8 44.9 42.1 42.2 44.9 42.2 42.4 45.2 42.3 42.5 44.7 42.1 42.2 44.6 42.1 42.1 45.3 42.4 42.3 45.4 42.4 42.3 45.2 42.5 42.3 45.0 42.9 42.9 44.5 42.1 42.1 41.3 43.9 45.1 41.4 40.1 41.7 43.8 44.9 41.2 39.5 41.6 44.1 45.4 41.3 39.4 41.3 43.4 44.7 40.9 39.0 41.4 43.6 44.5 41.5 40.1 41.6 43.8 45.0 41.3 39.5 41.6 44.0 45.0 41.2 39.5 41.8 43.7 44.6 41.2 39.4 42.2 44.3 45.4 41.6 39.8 41.5 43.1 44.1 41.1 39.1 Nondurable goods..................... Overtime hours.................... 40.9 4.2 40.6 4.1 40.8 4.2 40.4 4.1 41.0 4.4 40.9 4.4 41.0 4.5 40.9 4.3 41.3 4.6 40.5 4.3 Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 41.6 39.8 40.9 37.8 43.2 38.0 42.8 42.6 42.0 38.3 40.9 38.8 41.5 37.8 42.9 38.1 42.5 43.6 41.4 37.9 41.0 39.7 41.7 37.7 43.1 38.2 42.7 44.5 41.7 38.3 40.8 39.8 41.0 37.1 42.7 37.7 42.5 43.2 41.5 38.1 41.8 39.7 40.9 37.7 43.4 38.2 43.0 (2) 41.8 38.2 41.6 40.8 41.1 37.6 43.3 38.3 42.9 (2) 41.6 37.8 41.6 40.6 41.7 37.7 43.5 38.3 42.7 (2) 41.6 38.1 41.6 40.0 41.6 37.8 43.2 38.2 42.6 (2) 41.5 38.0 41.9 40.8 41.9 38.0 43.6 38.5 43.0 (2) 42.1 38.8 41.0 39.6 41.0 37.0 42.9 38.0 42.7 (2) 41.4 38.0 Service-producing....................... 32.9 32.6 33.0 32.6 32.8 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.8 Transportation and public utilities... 38.8 38.0 38.7 38.5 38.9 38.4 38.3 38.3 38.6 38.7 Wholesale trade....................... 38.6 38.2 38.7 38.3 38.3 38.6 38.5 38.6 38.5 38.5 Retail trade.......................... 29.1 28.6 28.9 28.8 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.0 28.8 28.8 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.4 35.9 36.7 35.9 36.1 36.2 36.1 36.1 36.3 36.2 Services.............................. 32.7 32.5 32.8 32.5 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1999 benchmarks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for wholesale trade, and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry May 1999 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000p May 2000p Total private.................... Seasonally adjusted............. $13.20 13.19 Goods-producing......................... May 1999 $13.59 13.58 $13.68 13.64 $13.63 13.65 $456.72 455.06 14.77 15.14 15.25 15.30 Mining................................ 17.05 17.28 17.31 Construction.......................... 17.06 17.54 Manufacturing......................... 13.85 14.22 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 14.34 11.43 11.14 13.84 15.74 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000p May 2000p $464.78 468.51 $473.33 470.58 $467.51 469.56 607.05 619.23 626.78 625.77 17.23 753.61 758.59 777.22 763.29 17.65 17.70 670.46 680.55 691.88 700.92 14.29 14.28 577.55 590.13 595.89 591.19 14.76 11.62 11.59 14.03 16.34 14.82 11.73 11.63 14.22 16.51 14.80 11.74 11.68 14.25 16.36 606.58 473.20 443.37 607.58 698.86 622.87 470.61 462.44 596.28 723.86 626.89 482.10 465.20 614.30 734.70 621.60 478.99 464.86 618.45 719.84 18.73 13.47 14.97 19.49 13.69 15.43 19.74 13.75 15.43 19.44 13.75 15.44 840.98 567.09 631.73 875.10 577.72 654.23 892.25 581.63 655.78 868.97 578.88 651.57 13.39 17.92 18.33 14.11 11.21 13.70 18.70 19.17 14.40 11.55 13.72 18.77 19.28 14.47 11.58 13.72 18.73 19.25 14.58 11.57 553.01 786.69 826.68 584.15 449.52 571.29 819.06 860.73 593.28 456.23 570.75 827.76 875.31 597.61 456.25 566.64 812.88 860.48 596.32 451.23 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 13.10 12.10 20.47 10.69 8.81 15.88 13.75 17.30 20.98 12.27 9.67 13.37 12.27 19.10 10.86 9.05 16.00 14.18 17.63 22.24 12.58 10.01 13.46 12.38 19.71 10.92 9.06 16.17 14.20 17.84 21.73 12.67 10.14 13.47 12.37 20.08 10.90 9.07 16.21 14.16 17.92 21.23 12.66 10.07 535.79 503.36 814.71 437.22 333.02 686.02 522.50 740.44 893.75 515.34 370.36 542.82 501.84 741.08 450.69 342.09 686.40 540.26 749.28 969.66 520.81 379.38 549.17 507.58 782.49 455.36 341.56 696.93 542.44 761.77 966.99 528.34 388.36 544.19 504.70 799.18 446.90 336.50 692.17 533.83 761.60 917.14 525.39 383.67 Service-producing....................... 12.69 13.11 13.19 13.10 417.50 427.39 435.27 427.06 Transportation and public utilities... 15.57 16.02 16.14 16.09 604.12 608.76 624.62 619.47 Wholesale trade....................... 14.58 14.83 15.10 14.92 562.79 566.51 584.37 571.44 Retail trade.......................... 9.03 9.37 9.43 9.40 262.77 267.98 272.53 270.72 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.73 14.97 15.12 14.98 536.17 537.42 554.90 537.78 Services.............................. 13.32 13.77 13.83 13.75 435.56 447.53 453.62 446.88 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1999 benchmarks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for wholesale trade, and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Industry May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Total private: Current dollars.............. Constant (1982) dollars2..... $13.19 7.86 $13.49 7.88 $13.54 7.87 Goods-producing............... Mining...................... Construction................ Manufacturing............... Excluding overtime4....... 14.77 17.11 17.11 13.85 13.13 15.13 17.09 17.50 14.15 13.41 Service-producing............. Transportation and public utilities................ Wholesale trade............. Retail trade................ Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Services.................... 12.68 Percent change from: Apr. 2000May 2000 Apr. 2000p May 2000p $13.58 7.84 $13.64 7.87 $13.65 N.A. 0.1 (3) 15.20 17.14 17.60 14.21 13.45 15.25 17.27 17.67 14.23 13.47 15.30 17.28 17.77 14.29 13.50 15.29 17.29 17.74 14.28 13.54 -.1 .1 -.2 -.1 .3 12.97 13.01 13.05 13.11 13.13 .2 15.66 14.52 9.03 15.92 14.90 9.26 16.00 14.89 9.32 16.04 14.90 9.35 16.11 14.99 9.40 16.18 14.95 9.40 .4 -.3 .0 14.60 13.31 14.86 13.61 14.87 13.66 14.95 13.69 14.98 13.74 14.97 13.78 -.1 .3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .4 percent from March 2000 to April 2000, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1999 benchmarks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for wholesale trade, and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry May 1999 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000p May 2000p May 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Apr. 2000p May 2000p Total private.................... 148.6 147.6 150.9 150.7 147.6 150.6 150.6 151.0 151.6 150.7 Goods-producing......................... 116.1 113.7 115.9 116.7 115.5 117.5 117.5 117.7 118.3 116.1 Mining................................ 49.9 49.2 50.8 50.5 49.8 51.0 51.0 51.3 52.2 50.3 Construction.......................... 178.1 Manufacturing......................... 107.0 169.5 179.5 187.8 174.2 185.8 186.0 188.4 186.2 183.6 105.9 106.4 105.6 107.1 107.0 107.0 106.7 107.9 105.8 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 112.0 148.0 135.9 118.0 91.7 111.5 143.0 138.7 110.9 92.4 112.1 145.6 139.0 114.9 92.5 111.4 146.0 139.0 116.8 91.2 111.6 147.7 137.8 115.7 91.5 112.1 148.0 138.7 117.0 92.1 112.1 147.6 139.4 115.7 92.3 111.8 147.1 139.3 116.2 92.4 113.2 147.9 141.7 116.2 93.3 111.0 145.5 140.6 114.4 90.8 71.2 119.1 105.5 71.5 120.4 105.5 71.6 121.3 105.5 70.4 120.7 104.8 70.9 118.9 105.0 72.0 120.5 104.8 72.1 120.7 105.4 71.8 121.2 104.6 71.5 122.9 106.2 69.9 120.7 104.1 106.4 127.5 170.0 76.5 103.0 107.9 126.6 170.3 74.2 101.2 107.9 126.9 172.4 74.5 101.5 107.3 124.9 169.4 73.8 100.2 106.9 125.8 166.2 76.8 103.0 107.4 126.8 171.4 75.0 102.6 107.5 127.0 170.9 74.3 102.2 107.8 125.7 168.6 74.0 101.6 109.7 126.8 171.6 75.1 103.0 108.0 123.3 165.8 74.2 100.1 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 100.1 114.8 50.3 80.7 62.3 106.5 120.8 102.1 72.0 147.8 34.8 98.3 112.2 43.4 79.8 58.6 104.6 121.3 102.2 62.8 147.5 32.3 98.5 112.2 45.6 80.1 58.6 105.0 121.8 102.0 64.1 148.4 32.3 97.8 112.8 44.5 78.6 57.1 104.0 120.4 101.4 63.4 147.1 32.5 100.9 117.9 57.0 80.7 61.7 107.3 121.9 102.6 72.3 147.3 34.6 100.1 117.7 52.6 79.1 58.6 106.4 122.0 103.4 67.5 148.5 32.5 100.0 117.0 52.3 80.2 58.5 106.7 122.0 102.6 66.3 148.3 32.8 99.7 116.9 45.6 80.2 58.8 105.9 121.8 102.4 65.2 147.9 32.7 100.6 118.3 50.5 80.4 59.1 106.7 123.1 103.0 66.7 149.3 32.8 98.6 116.0 49.0 78.5 56.5 104.8 121.6 101.9 63.3 147.0 32.1 Service-producing....................... 163.2 162.8 166.6 165.9 162.1 165.4 165.5 165.9 166.6 166.3 Transportation and public utilities... 134.1 133.5 136.6 136.0 134.2 135.0 134.7 135.5 137.0 136.8 Wholesale trade....................... 130.9 130.6 132.9 131.9 129.6 132.3 132.1 132.8 132.6 132.4 Retail trade.......................... 143.6 139.6 143.5 144.6 142.9 144.9 144.9 144.6 144.9 144.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 139.4 137.0 140.2 137.8 138.2 139.1 138.8 138.7 139.2 138.8 Services.............................. 202.0 205.0 209.5 207.9 200.4 206.3 206.7 207.7 208.6 208.5 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1999 benchmarks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for wholesale trade, and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 50.4 57.3 63.2 54.1 60.8 64.5 59.7 56.6 58.8 54.1 60.3 62.8 60.5 53.9 60.7 54.8 63.2 58.7 59.6 p55.8 62.6 57.7 58.3 52.8 p42.8 61.5 57.7 59.7 57.9 57.3 61.2 53.9 58.8 61.0 60.1 58.1 53.8 57.9 61.5 56.2 57.3 62.6 65.3 53.8 60.7 59.3 62.1 59.0 60.8 60.0 61.2 57.4 59.0 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 61.1 62.6 64.3 58.3 61.0 62.6 64.0 66.6 57.3 62.6 63.6 66.3 63.2 58.4 p61.7 63.1 66.7 66.3 54.4 p56.0 63.3 63.2 63.6 57.3 64.9 62.1 58.0 58.8 64.2 61.5 57.4 58.1 61.4 66.2 57.9 60.7 65.2 67.4 59.7 59.6 64.3 69.4 58.1 63.5 65.4 69.0 58.6 64.3 63.3 69.1 59.4 63.1 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 62.5 66.3 69.8 60.0 p65.4 64.6 67.0 67.4 58.0 p62.1 65.6 66.6 65.2 57.6 64.6 66.3 61.8 58.6 64.5 65.6 62.9 54.4 64.5 67.1 61.4 59.7 67.3 66.3 59.0 60.4 65.7 68.5 58.4 62.1 65.2 69.0 57.4 64.0 67.1 70.4 59.7 62.8 66.0 69.7 59.3 65.2 67.4 70.4 59.1 64.6 64.5 69.0 69.7 60.3 66.7 67.3 67.3 58.3 64.5 68.3 67.3 57.6 65.6 69.7 65.9 59.4 68.5 69.5 63.9 59.6 67.3 70.1 62.5 60.5 67.7 70.1 61.5 61.9 66.4 70.4 62.1 61.0 68.0 70.5 61.0 62.6 69.9 70.1 59.8 p62.4 68.7 69.4 59.8 p62.8 66.9 70.4 58.1 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 44.6 49.6 57.9 45.0 52.2 54.7 52.5 50.7 41.0 47.8 48.2 56.1 53.6 42.8 51.1 42.1 54.0 50.7 46.4 p50.0 55.4 51.4 47.1 40.3 p42.4 52.2 54.3 50.0 46.4 47.8 50.7 37.8 54.7 54.3 53.6 50.0 38.1 50.0 56.5 45.7 46.4 56.1 61.9 39.9 51.8 50.4 60.4 41.7 51.4 53.2 55.4 43.9 50.4 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 44.2 50.7 56.8 36.7 47.8 47.8 53.2 56.8 37.1 52.5 44.6 55.8 52.2 37.1 p49.3 45.7 56.1 52.2 34.5 p45.3 47.1 53.2 48.6 37.8 51.4 52.5 41.4 43.5 50.4 52.5 39.2 39.9 49.6 55.8 40.3 45.0 55.4 59.7 43.2 42.1 53.2 66.5 37.1 50.4 55.0 64.7 36.7 51.1 49.6 64.0 40.6 50.7 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 41.7 53.2 60.1 35.6 p51.1 45.0 53.2 54.3 33.5 p46.4 46.8 52.5 50.4 33.5 46.0 52.9 39.9 37.1 45.3 51.8 43.5 32.7 47.8 53.2 42.1 38.8 53.2 54.7 38.8 41.0 50.4 61.2 36.7 45.7 50.7 61.2 36.0 48.2 53.2 64.4 39.9 43.2 51.8 64.7 34.5 48.6 54.7 63.7 32.7 51.1 43.5 54.7 55.0 37.4 47.5 52.5 51.8 32.4 45.3 54.0 51.8 31.7 45.3 54.0 46.8 35.3 50.4 55.4 40.6 36.0 49.6 56.8 39.9 37.1 50.4 57.2 37.8 38.8 48.6 57.9 38.1 39.6 51.1 58.3 37.1 42.4 55.0 56.8 36.0 p41.7 54.3 56.8 34.2 p43.2 50.7 57.2 33.5 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 1999 benchmarks, the introduction of probability-based sample estimates for wholesale trade, and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.
@FedFRASER