Full text of The Employment Situation : May 1999
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 99-156 Household data: (202) 606-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 606-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, June 4, 1999. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MAY 1999 The unemployment rate, at 4.2 percent, was little changed in May, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The number of nonfarm payroll jobs edged up by 11,000, following a large increase of 343,000 in April (as revised). In May, substantial job losses occurred in manufacturing and construction, while the services industry had a relatively small gain. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons, 5.8 million, and the unemployment rate, 4.2 percent, were little changed in May. The rate has been below 4.5 percent since November 1998. Over the month, jobless rates declined for adult women (3.6 percent) and teenagers (12.6 percent). Unemployment rates for adult men (3.6 percent), whites (3.7 percent), blacks (7.5 percent), and Hispanics (6.7 percent) were virtually unchanged in May. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The civilian labor force, at 139.0 million, and the labor force participation rate, at 67.0 percent, were essentially unchanged from April. Total employment, at 133.2 million, also was little changed. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and over with jobs--remained at 64.2 percent in May. (See table A-1.) About 7.9 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in May. These multiple jobholders represented 5.9 percent of the total employed, compared with 6.2 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in May. These were people who wanted and were ---------------------------------------------------------------| The establishment data in this release have been revised as a | |result of the annual benchmarking process and the updating of | |seasonal adjustment factors. More information on the revisions | |is contained in the note beginning on page 5. | ---------------------------------------------------------------- - 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Apr.Category | 1998 | 1999 1/| 1999 | May |________|________|________ _________________|change | IV | I | Mar. | Apr. | May | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 138,285| 139,144| 138,816| 139,091| 139,019| -72 Employment..........| 132,166| 133,191| 133,033| 133,069| 133,224| 155 Unemployment........| 6,120| 5,953| 5,783| 6,022| 5,795| -227 Not in labor force....| 67,813| 67,732| 68,220| 68,145| 68,408| 263 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.4| 4.3| 4.2| 4.3| 4.2| -0.1 Adult men...........| 3.6| 3.4| 3.2| 3.4| 3.6| .2 Adult women.........| 4.0| 3.8| 3.9| 4.1| 3.6| -.5 Teenagers...........| 14.9| 14.6| 14.3| 14.1| 12.6| -1.5 White...............| 3.8| 3.7| 3.6| 3.8| 3.7| -.1 Black...............| 8.4| 8.0| 8.1| 7.7| 7.5| -.2 Hispanic origin.....| 7.4| 6.4| 5.8| 6.9| 6.7| -.2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA 2/| Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 126,865| 127,640| 127,813|p128,156|p128,167| p11 Goods-producing 3/..| 25,319| 25,310| 25,285| p25,289| p25,197| p-92 Construction......| 6,100| 6,213| 6,232| p6,276| p6,236| p-40 Manufacturing.....| 18,645| 18,542| 18,503| p18,475| p18,430| p-45 Service-producing 3/| 101,545| 102,331| 102,528|p102,867|p102,970| p103 Retail trade......| 22,453| 22,605| 22,611| p22,738| p22,755| p17 Services..........| 38,069| 38,442| 38,556| p38,699| p38,770| p71 Government........| 19,945| 20,044| 20,087| p20,099| p20,092| p-7 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.6| 34.6| 34.5| p34.4| p34.5| p0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| 41.6| 41.5| p41.6| p41.7| p.1 Overtime..........| 4.5| 4.5| 4.5| p4.3| p4.6| p.3 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 4/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 146.2| 147.0| 146.8| p147.0| p147.3| p0.3 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 4/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $12.94| $13.07| $13.11| p$13.14| p$13.19| p$0.05 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 447.84| 451.79| 452.30| p452.02| p455.06| p3.04 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Beginning in January 1999, household data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 2/ Establishment data have been revised to reflect March 1998 benchmarks and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. 3/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 4/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them--was 256,000 in May. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in May at 128.2 million, seasonally adjusted, after a large increase of 343,000 (as revised) in April. In May, job losses in the goods-producing industries were offset by modest growth in the service-producing sector. (See table B-1.) In the goods-producing sector, construction employment fell by 40,000 in May, after seasonal adjustment. It had risen by about the same amount in April (as revised). Construction employment has fluctuated in recent months in part because of the unusual weather patterns this past winter. Since October 1998, however, the industry has added 194,000 jobs, about in line with the gain over the October 1997-May 1998 period. Manufacturing employment continued to decline in May, with a loss of 45,000 jobs. Factory employment has decreased by 453,000 since its recent peak in March 1998. Over the month, large declines continued in industrial machinery (-8,000), apparel (-8,000), and aircraft (-6,000). Smaller losses occurred in electrical equipment, textiles, paper, and printing and publishing. Job losses also continued in mining. Employment in the industry fell by 7,000 in May and has declined by 39,000 thus far in 1999. Most of the recent decline has been concentrated in oil and gas extraction. In the service-producing sector, the services industry added 71,000 jobs in May, well below its average monthly gain of 125,000 over the prior 12 months. Business services added 42,000 jobs in May, with increases in personnel supply (13,000) and computer services (16,000) equal to their monthly averages over the prior 12 months. Growth in engineering and management services (13,000) fell short of its recent pace. Employment in health services was about unchanged in May, following a large increase in April. Both hotels and agricultural services had less seasonal hiring than normal, resulting in seasonally adjusted losses for May. Retail trade employment was little changed in May, following a sharp rise in April. Over the month, declines occurred in food stores (-13,000) and in building materials and garden supplies (-5,000). Eating and drinking places added 23,000 jobs in May, after a larger gain in April. Although movements in retail employment have varied widely from month to month this year, average monthly growth thus far in 1999 (46,000) exceeds the 1998 monthly average (32,000). Employment in transportation and public utilities increased by 13,000 in May, slightly below the industry's average growth over the prior 12 months. Transportation industries added 12,000 jobs, with trucking and air transportation each gaining 5,000. Communications continued its moderate growth trend. - 4 In May, finance, insurance, and real estate added 12,000 jobs, well below its monthly average of 22,000 in the prior 12 months. Job growth in both finance and insurance has slowed this year compared with 1998. Wholesale trade employment edged down by 3,000 in May, compared with an average gain of 14,000 in the prior 12 months. Government employment was little changed over the month. A decline in federal employment (-16,000) reflected the completion of some preliminary work on the decennial census. Local government education added 19,000 jobs. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up 0.1 hour in May to 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek also was up 0.1 hour to 41.7 hours. Factory overtime increased by 0.3 hour to 4.6 hours per week. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.2 percent to 147.3 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index remained at 106.5 in May. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents in May to $13.19, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent in May to $455.06, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.6 percent and average weekly earnings rose by 3.0 percent. (See table B-3.) ________________________________________ The Employment Situation for June 1999 is scheduled to be released on Friday, July 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). -------------------------------------------------------------------| Corrections to Earnings Data | | The average hourly earnings series for wholesale and retail | |trade released on May 7 contained errors. The errors have been | |corrected for this release. The corrections resulted in substantial| |upward revisions to the wholesale and retail trade average hourly | |earnings data for March and April 1999. The total private | |hourly earnings series was revised only slightly, due partially | |to offsetting, downward revisions in other industry series that | |reflect the routine incorporation of additional sample reports, as | |well as the introduction of seasonal factor updates this month. | |Additional information may be obtained by calling 202-606-6555 | |or via the Internet at http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm. | -------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 Revisions to Establishment Survey Data In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have been revised to reflect comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs (benchmarks). These counts are derived principally from unemployment insurance tax records for March 1998; the benchmark process resulted in revisions to all unadjusted data series from April 1997 forward, the time period since the last benchmark was established. All seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 1994 also have been revised, in accordance with the usual practice of revising 5 years of data. Table B presents revised total nonfarm employment data on a seasonally adjusted basis for the period January 1998 through February 1999. The revised data for April 1998 forward incorporate the effect of applying the rate of change measured by the sample to the new benchmark level, as well as updated bias adjustments and new seasonal adjustment factors. In terms of data revisions, the seasonally unadjusted total nonfarm employment level for March 1998 was raised by 44,000 (47,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The previously published level for February 1999 was revised upward by 137,000 (60,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis). The June 1999 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain an article that discusses the benchmark and post-benchmark revisions. This issue also will provide revised seasonal adjustment factors for March through October 1999 and revised estimates for all regularly published tables containing national establishment survey data on employment, hours, and earnings. The BLS historical adjustment Employment public database on the Internet, LABSTAT, contains all data revised as a result of this benchmark and updated seasonal factors. The data can be accessed through the Current Statistics (CES) home page at http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm. Further information on the revisions released today may be obtained by calling 202-606-6555 or via the Internet on the CES home page. - 6 Table B. Revisions in total nonfarm employment, seasonally adjusted, January 1998-February 1999 (In thousands) ----------------------------------------------------------------------| | | Year and month | As previously | As revised | Difference | published | | ----------------------------------------------------------------------| | | 1998: | | | | | | January.............| 124,640 | 124,580 | -60 February............| 124,832 | 124,773 | -59 March...............| 124,914 | 124,961 | 47 April...............| 125,234 | 125,220 | -14 May.................| 125,562 | 125,478 | -84 June................| 125,751 | 125,689 | -62 July................| 125,869 | 125,808 | -61 August..............| 126,191 | 126,170 | -21 September...........| 126,363 | 126,361 | -2 October.............| 126,527 | 126,567 | 40 November............| 126,804 | 126,841 | 37 December............| 127,118 | 127,186 | 68 | | | 1999: | | | | | | January.............| 127,335 | 127,378 | 43 February............| 127,670 | 127,730 | 60 ----------------------------------------------------------------------- - 5 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1999, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication individuals are counted only once, even if the establishment survey, employees working appearing on more than one payroll would be appearance. of individuals, because they hold more than one job. In at more than one job and thus counted separately for each Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $17.00 per issue or $35.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age May 1998 Apr. 1999 May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999 May 1999 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Not in labor force.............................. 204,899 137,240 67.0 131,476 64.2 3,552 127,924 5,764 4.2 67,659 207,236 138,240 66.7 132,552 64.0 3,320 129,232 5,688 4.1 68,996 207,427 138,919 67.0 133,411 64.3 3,489 129,923 5,507 4.0 68,508 204,899 137,369 67.0 131,330 64.1 3,351 127,979 6,039 4.4 67,530 206,719 139,347 67.4 133,396 64.5 3,299 130,097 5,950 4.3 67,372 206,873 139,271 67.3 133,144 64.4 3,328 129,817 6,127 4.4 67,602 207,036 138,816 67.0 133,033 64.3 3,281 129,752 5,783 4.2 68,220 207,236 139,091 67.1 133,069 64.2 3,384 129,685 6,022 4.3 68,145 207,427 139,019 67.0 133,224 64.2 3,295 129,929 5,795 4.2 68,408 98,591 73,853 74.9 70,856 71.9 2,997 4.1 99,465 73,837 74.2 70,877 71.3 2,959 4.0 99,563 74,376 74.7 71,470 71.8 2,906 3.9 98,591 73,792 74.8 70,603 71.6 3,189 4.3 99,198 74,599 75.2 71,459 72.0 3,140 4.2 99,279 74,504 75.0 71,276 71.8 3,228 4.3 99,362 74,234 74.7 71,352 71.8 2,881 3.9 99,465 74,234 74.6 71,225 71.6 3,010 4.1 99,563 74,316 74.6 71,198 71.5 3,118 4.2 90,622 69,752 77.0 67,413 74.4 2,482 64,930 2,339 3.4 91,302 69,848 76.5 67,463 73.9 2,339 65,124 2,385 3.4 91,368 70,069 76.7 67,738 74.1 2,356 65,382 2,331 3.3 90,622 69,608 76.8 67,084 74.0 2,331 64,753 2,524 3.6 91,124 70,295 77.1 67,884 74.5 2,312 65,572 2,411 3.4 91,189 70,174 77.0 67,577 74.1 2,212 65,365 2,598 3.7 91,215 69,951 76.7 67,713 74.2 2,222 65,492 2,238 3.2 91,302 69,991 76.7 67,608 74.0 2,353 65,255 2,383 3.4 91,368 69,932 76.5 67,399 73.8 2,212 65,186 2,534 3.6 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,308 107,771 107,864 106,308 107,521 107,593 107,674 107,771 107,864 Civilian labor force............................ 63,387 64,403 64,543 63,577 64,748 64,767 64,582 64,857 64,704 Participation rate........................ 59.6 59.8 59.8 59.8 60.2 60.2 60.0 60.2 60.0 Employed...................................... 60,619 61,675 61,941 60,727 61,937 61,869 61,680 61,845 62,026 Employment-population ratio............... 57.0 57.2 57.4 57.1 57.6 57.5 57.3 57.4 57.5 Unemployed.................................... 2,767 2,729 2,602 2,850 2,810 2,899 2,902 3,012 2,677 Unemployment rate......................... 4.4 4.2 4.0 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.1 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 98,668 59,434 60.2 57,216 58.0 774 56,442 2,218 3.7 99,923 100,008 60,604 60,609 60.7 60.6 58,354 58,524 58.4 58.5 777 835 57,577 57,689 2,250 2,086 3.7 3.4 98,668 59,583 60.4 57,235 58.0 767 56,468 2,348 3.9 99,686 60,718 60.9 58,466 58.7 808 57,659 2,251 3.7 99,746 60,622 60.8 58,291 58.4 839 57,452 2,330 3.8 99,833 60,533 60.6 58,183 58.3 834 57,349 2,350 3.9 99,923 100,008 60,788 60,729 60.8 60.7 58,320 58,520 58.4 58.5 801 831 57,519 57,689 2,468 2,209 4.1 3.6 15,609 8,054 51.6 6,847 43.9 296 6,552 1,207 15.0 16,011 7,787 48.6 6,735 42.1 204 6,531 1,052 13.5 15,609 8,178 52.4 7,011 44.9 253 6,758 1,167 14.3 15,909 8,334 52.4 7,046 44.3 179 6,867 1,288 15.5 15,939 8,475 53.2 7,276 45.7 277 6,999 1,199 14.1 15,988 8,331 52.1 7,136 44.6 224 6,912 1,195 14.3 16,011 8,312 51.9 7,141 44.6 230 6,911 1,171 14.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 16,051 8,240 51.3 7,150 44.5 297 6,852 1,091 13.2 16,051 8,358 52.1 7,306 45.5 252 7,054 1,052 12.6 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin May 1998 Apr. 1999 May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999 May 1999 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 171,257 172,730 172,859 171,257 172,394 172,491 172,597 172,730 172,859 Civilian labor force............................ 115,261 115,633 116,198 115,312 116,529 116,610 116,284 116,370 116,254 Participation rate.......................... 67.3 66.9 67.2 67.3 67.6 67.6 67.4 67.4 67.3 Employed...................................... 111,127 111,439 112,160 110,959 112,135 112,189 112,144 111,917 111,985 Employment-population ratio................. 64.9 64.5 64.9 64.8 65.0 65.0 65.0 64.8 64.8 Unemployed.................................... 4,134 4,194 4,038 4,353 4,394 4,420 4,140 4,454 4,269 Unemployment rate........................... 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.8 3.8 3.8 3.6 3.8 3.7 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 59,488 77.4 57,746 75.1 1,743 2.9 59,548 77.1 57,758 74.8 1,790 3.0 59,635 77.1 57,904 74.9 1,732 2.9 59,338 77.2 57,452 74.7 1,886 3.2 59,751 77.5 57,920 75.1 1,831 3.1 59,799 77.5 57,830 75.0 1,969 3.3 59,698 77.3 58,010 75.1 1,688 2.8 59,664 77.2 57,874 74.9 1,790 3.0 59,500 77.0 57,615 74.5 1,884 3.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 48,920 59.7 47,416 57.8 1,504 3.1 49,486 59.8 47,862 57.8 1,624 3.3 49,549 59.8 48,067 58.0 1,482 3.0 49,048 59.8 47,423 57.8 1,625 3.3 49,759 60.2 48,110 58.2 1,650 3.3 49,721 60.1 48,109 58.2 1,612 3.2 49,602 59.9 47,983 58.0 1,620 3.3 49,672 60.0 47,862 57.8 1,811 3.6 49,669 60.0 48,067 58.0 1,602 3.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... 6,853 55.2 5,965 48.1 888 13.0 14.3 11.5 6,599 52.1 5,819 45.9 780 11.8 12.2 11.4 7,014 55.3 6,189 48.8 825 11.8 12.1 11.4 6,926 55.8 6,084 49.0 842 12.2 14.0 10.1 7,019 55.6 6,105 48.4 913 13.0 14.1 11.9 7,090 56.1 6,250 49.5 840 11.8 12.2 11.4 6,984 55.2 6,151 48.6 833 11.9 12.7 11.1 7,034 55.5 6,181 48.8 853 12.1 12.6 11.6 7,085 55.8 6,302 49.7 783 11.0 11.9 10.1 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 24,317 15,709 64.6 14,336 59.0 1,373 8.7 24,765 16,159 65.2 14,979 60.5 1,180 7.3 24,798 16,248 65.5 15,058 60.7 1,190 7.3 24,317 15,760 64.8 14,351 59.0 1,409 8.9 24,665 16,356 66.3 15,085 61.2 1,271 7.8 24,697 16,242 65.8 14,900 60.3 1,342 8.3 24,729 16,212 65.6 14,904 60.3 1,308 8.1 24,765 16,286 65.8 15,029 60.7 1,257 7.7 24,798 16,303 65.7 15,079 60.8 1,224 7.5 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 7,009 72.2 6,549 67.5 460 6.6 7,092 71.7 6,661 67.4 431 6.1 7,209 72.8 6,754 68.2 455 6.3 7,005 72.2 6,523 67.2 482 6.9 7,210 73.3 6,782 68.9 428 5.9 7,160 72.7 6,682 67.8 477 6.7 7,065 71.6 6,656 67.4 409 5.8 7,118 72.0 6,681 67.6 437 6.1 7,206 72.8 6,727 68.0 479 6.6 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 7,762 63.7 7,130 58.6 631 8.1 8,222 66.3 7,681 61.9 541 6.6 8,144 65.6 7,631 61.4 513 6.3 7,792 64.0 7,146 58.7 646 8.3 8,114 65.7 7,579 61.3 535 6.6 8,082 65.3 7,509 60.7 573 7.1 8,129 65.6 7,545 60.9 584 7.2 8,241 66.4 7,681 61.9 560 6.8 8,177 65.8 7,653 61.6 524 6.4 938 38.5 657 26.9 282 30.0 30.7 29.4 845 34.1 637 25.7 208 24.6 30.2 19.7 895 36.1 674 27.2 222 24.8 25.1 24.5 963 39.5 682 27.9 281 29.2 31.2 27.4 1,032 41.8 725 29.3 307 29.8 34.2 25.0 1,000 40.5 708 28.6 293 29.2 31.6 27.0 1,018 41.2 702 28.4 316 31.0 32.9 29.1 927 37.5 667 26.9 260 28.1 33.0 23.5 920 37.1 699 28.2 222 24.1 26.2 22.0 20,975 14,328 68.3 13,426 64.0 902 6.3 21,483 14,434 67.2 13,474 62.7 960 6.7 21,548 14,498 67.3 13,613 63.2 885 6.1 20,975 14,378 68.5 13,387 63.8 991 6.9 21,296 14,511 68.1 13,550 63.6 960 6.6 21,355 14,591 68.3 13,610 63.7 980 6.7 21,414 14,570 68.0 13,732 64.1 838 5.8 21,483 14,543 67.7 13,541 63.0 1,002 6.9 21,548 14,535 67.5 13,558 62.9 977 6.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment May 1998 Apr. 1999 May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999 May 1999 29,931 12,942 43.2 12,147 40.6 796 6.1 27,991 11,971 42.8 11,170 39.9 802 6.7 28,298 12,052 42.6 11,332 40.0 720 6.0 29,931 12,630 42.2 11,762 39.3 868 6.9 28,901 12,379 42.8 11,459 39.7 920 7.4 28,112 12,164 43.3 11,257 40.0 907 7.5 28,442 12,094 42.5 11,356 39.9 739 6.1 27,991 11,753 42.0 10,972 39.2 781 6.6 28,298 11,743 41.5 10,959 38.7 784 6.7 57,706 37,627 65.2 36,366 63.0 1,261 3.4 57,945 37,551 64.8 36,253 62.6 1,297 3.5 57,931 37,548 64.8 36,346 62.7 1,202 3.2 57,706 37,488 65.0 36,071 62.5 1,417 3.8 57,477 37,590 65.4 36,291 63.1 1,299 3.5 57,062 37,261 65.3 35,979 63.1 1,282 3.4 57,805 37,740 65.3 36,448 63.1 1,292 3.4 57,945 37,577 64.8 36,253 62.6 1,324 3.5 57,931 37,416 64.6 36,058 62.2 1,359 3.6 42,024 31,114 74.0 30,193 71.8 921 3.0 43,059 31,889 74.1 30,953 71.9 936 2.9 42,742 31,640 74.0 30,795 72.0 845 2.7 42,024 31,411 74.7 30,447 72.5 964 3.1 43,154 32,399 75.1 31,470 72.9 929 2.9 43,911 32,465 73.9 31,462 71.6 1,003 3.1 43,028 31,892 74.1 30,989 72.0 903 2.8 43,059 32,160 74.7 31,202 72.5 958 3.0 42,742 31,930 74.7 31,043 72.6 886 2.8 42,090 33,930 80.6 33,397 79.3 533 1.6 44,289 35,418 80.0 34,776 78.5 642 1.8 44,442 35,650 80.2 35,037 78.8 613 1.7 42,090 34,028 80.8 33,451 79.5 577 1.7 43,516 34,950 80.3 34,325 78.9 624 1.8 43,949 35,040 79.7 34,368 78.2 673 1.9 43,859 34,997 79.8 34,345 78.3 652 1.9 44,289 35,493 80.1 34,742 78.4 752 2.1 44,442 35,771 80.5 35,107 79.0 664 1.9 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category May 1998 Apr. 1999 May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999 May 1999 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 131,476 132,552 133,411 131,330 133,396 133,144 133,033 133,069 133,224 Married men, spouse present..................... 42,556 43,104 42,839 42,560 43,542 43,016 43,114 43,190 42,882 Married women, spouse present................... 32,838 33,351 33,487 32,815 33,652 33,092 33,134 33,285 33,487 Women who maintain families..................... 7,943 8,163 8,127 7,854 8,076 8,113 8,148 8,050 8,039 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... Technical, sales, and administrative support.... Service occupations............................. Precision production, craft, and repair......... Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 38,672 38,247 17,749 14,839 18,250 3,719 40,526 38,711 17,779 14,533 17,550 3,454 40,477 38,868 18,075 14,519 17,794 3,678 38,681 38,493 17,776 14,766 18,284 3,487 39,836 38,846 18,070 14,751 18,476 3,422 39,531 39,254 18,163 14,742 18,021 3,490 39,900 38,893 18,074 14,661 18,177 3,417 40,504 38,866 17,868 14,518 17,656 3,539 40,500 39,103 18,111 14,432 17,813 3,441 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,070 1,925 2,067 1,920 1,987 1,895 1,893 1,908 1,919 Self-employed workers......................... 1,430 1,367 1,387 1,391 1,298 1,381 1,376 1,439 1,348 Unpaid family workers......................... 52 28 35 50 30 44 39 31 33 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 118,753 120,331 121,110 118,852 121,115 121,066 121,005 120,785 121,168 Government.................................. 18,287 18,952 18,766 18,162 18,913 18,782 18,699 18,709 18,672 Private industries.......................... 100,467 101,379 102,344 100,690 102,202 102,283 102,306 102,076 102,496 Private households........................ 975 899 899 992 881 849 917 941 910 Other industries.......................... 99,491 100,479 101,445 99,698 101,321 101,434 101,389 101,135 101,586 Self-employed workers......................... 9,068 8,839 8,748 9,012 8,830 8,658 8,650 8,813 8,687 Unpaid family workers......................... 103 62 65 95 121 114 125 63 60 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 3,602 2,005 1,299 19,035 3,316 1,926 1,082 19,788 3,281 1,835 1,122 19,136 3,754 2,119 1,317 18,544 3,562 2,093 1,115 18,485 3,426 1,984 1,141 18,642 3,564 2,045 1,208 18,545 3,408 1,920 1,124 18,882 3,422 1,946 1,137 18,632 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 3,478 1,937 1,265 18,411 3,130 1,835 1,051 19,181 3,127 1,748 1,092 18,568 3,608 2,033 1,286 17,956 3,413 1,989 1,094 17,921 3,298 1,906 1,108 18,061 3,374 1,955 1,159 17,944 3,224 1,831 1,092 18,320 3,247 1,838 1,111 18,098 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Category May 1998 Apr. 1999 May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999 May 1999 Total, 16 years and over......................... Men, 20 years and over......................... Women, 20 years and over....................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 6,039 2,524 2,348 1,167 6,022 2,383 2,468 1,171 5,795 2,534 2,209 1,052 4.4 3.6 3.9 14.3 4.3 3.4 3.7 15.5 4.4 3.7 3.8 14.1 4.2 3.2 3.9 14.3 4.3 3.4 4.1 14.1 4.2 3.6 3.6 12.6 Married men, spouse present.................... Married women, spouse present.................. Women who maintain families.................... 1,032 942 635 1,010 1,006 623 1,033 870 514 2.4 2.8 7.5 2.3 2.8 6.1 2.4 2.8 6.5 2.1 2.7 6.7 2.3 2.9 7.2 2.4 2.5 6.0 Full-time workers.............................. Part-time workers.............................. 4,877 1,194 4,805 1,214 4,592 1,247 4.3 4.9 4.1 5.2 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.9 4.2 4.9 4.0 5.1 673 1,558 684 1,287 242 796 1,584 580 1,220 278 827 1,331 623 1,233 300 1.7 3.9 4.4 6.6 6.5 1.8 3.8 3.5 5.9 7.7 1.9 3.9 4.4 6.0 7.8 1.9 3.8 3.6 5.9 6.9 1.9 3.9 3.8 6.5 7.3 2.0 3.3 4.1 6.5 8.0 4,773 1,334 10 562 762 380 382 3,439 233 1,417 168 1,621 442 167 4,645 1,257 56 520 682 390 292 3,387 211 1,455 264 1,458 473 205 4,521 1,256 33 515 708 410 298 3,264 248 1,435 170 1,410 504 230 4.5 4.6 1.6 8.0 3.6 3.0 4.6 4.5 3.1 5.3 2.1 4.7 2.4 8.0 4.3 4.6 7.4 7.3 3.5 3.4 3.8 4.2 2.5 5.2 2.4 4.1 2.2 9.6 4.3 4.7 7.7 7.5 3.7 3.3 4.3 4.2 3.2 5.2 2.4 4.0 2.3 11.3 4.2 4.3 5.3 6.7 3.4 2.9 4.1 4.2 2.9 5.4 1.9 4.2 2.1 9.5 4.4 4.5 9.3 7.4 3.3 3.1 3.7 4.3 2.8 5.4 3.2 4.1 2.5 9.7 4.2 4.4 5.9 7.2 3.4 3.3 3.6 4.1 3.3 5.3 2.1 3.9 2.6 10.7 CHARACTERISTIC OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... Technical, sales, and administrative support... Precision production, craft, and repair........ Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... Farming, forestry, and fishing................. INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Goods-producing industries................... Mining..................................... Construction............................... Manufacturing.............................. Durable goods............................ Nondurable goods......................... Service-producing industries................. Transportation and public utilities........ Wholesale and retail trade................. Finance, insurance, and real estate........ Services................................... Government workers............................. Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration May 1998 Apr. 1999 May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999 May 1999 Less than 5 weeks................................ 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 15 weeks and over................................ 15 to 26 weeks................................ 27 weeks and over............................. 2,634 1,597 1,534 724 809 2,378 1,671 1,638 928 711 2,494 1,469 1,544 845 699 2,608 1,967 1,509 671 838 2,353 2,071 1,469 753 716 2,601 1,944 1,550 766 784 2,478 1,891 1,434 736 697 2,788 1,867 1,446 773 673 2,467 1,816 1,523 794 729 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ Median duration, in weeks........................ 15.0 5.9 14.0 7.4 13.6 6.4 14.7 6.1 13.4 6.9 13.8 7.0 13.5 6.9 13.1 6.1 13.4 6.7 100.0 45.7 27.7 26.6 12.6 14.0 100.0 41.8 29.4 28.8 16.3 12.5 100.0 45.3 26.7 28.0 15.3 12.7 100.0 42.9 32.3 24.8 11.0 13.8 100.0 39.9 35.1 24.9 12.8 12.1 100.0 42.7 31.9 25.4 12.6 12.9 100.0 42.7 32.6 24.7 12.7 12.0 100.0 45.7 30.6 23.7 12.7 11.0 100.0 42.5 31.3 26.2 13.7 12.6 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. Less than 5 weeks.............................. 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 15 weeks and over.............................. 15 to 26 weeks............................... 27 weeks and over............................ NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason May 1998 Apr. 1999 May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999 May 1999 2,517 608 1,908 1,357 551 664 2,098 486 2,633 835 1,797 1,263 534 754 1,874 427 2,362 609 1,753 1,295 458 699 2,052 394 2,822 816 2,006 (1) (1) 749 2,081 505 2,696 864 1,832 (1) (1) 699 1,993 537 2,738 849 1,889 (1) (1) 751 2,110 509 2,563 812 1,751 (1) (1) 780 1,988 431 2,700 838 1,862 (1) (1) 841 2,044 469 2,663 821 1,842 (1) (1) 789 2,040 415 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43.7 10.5 33.1 11.5 36.4 8.4 46.3 14.7 31.6 13.3 33.0 7.5 42.9 11.1 31.8 12.7 37.3 7.2 45.8 13.3 32.6 12.2 33.8 8.2 45.5 14.6 30.9 11.8 33.6 9.1 44.8 13.9 30.9 12.3 34.5 8.3 44.5 14.1 30.4 13.5 34.5 7.5 44.6 13.9 30.8 13.9 33.8 7.7 45.1 13.9 31.2 13.4 34.5 7.0 1.8 .5 1.5 .4 1.9 .5 1.4 .3 1.7 .5 1.5 .3 2.1 .5 1.5 .4 1.9 .5 1.4 .4 2.0 .5 1.5 .4 1.8 .6 1.4 .3 1.9 .6 1.5 .3 1.9 .6 1.5 .3 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................. Not on temporary layoff......................... Permanent job losers.......................... Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... Job leavers....................................... Reentrants........................................ New entrants...................................... PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................ Not on temporary layoff........................ Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure May 1998 Apr. 1999 May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999 May 1999 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force.............................................. 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force..................................... 1.8 1.9 1.7 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.9 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)............................. 4.2 4.1 4.0 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.2 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.................... 4.4 4.3 4.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.0 5.0 4.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers......................... 7.6 7.4 7.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Age and sex May 1998 Apr. 1999 May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999 May 1999 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years.................................. 16 to 19 years................................ 16 to 17 years.............................. 18 to 19 years.............................. 20 to 24 years................................ 25 years and over............................... 25 to 54 years................................ 55 years and over............................. 6,039 2,215 1,167 535 640 1,048 3,845 3,385 423 6,022 2,217 1,171 572 608 1,046 3,792 3,271 513 5,795 2,092 1,052 531 531 1,040 3,718 3,218 462 4.4 10.2 14.3 16.3 13.1 7.7 3.3 3.4 2.5 4.3 10.1 15.5 18.4 13.1 6.9 3.2 3.3 2.9 4.4 10.2 14.1 15.5 13.1 7.7 3.3 3.4 2.9 4.2 10.0 14.3 16.6 12.8 7.4 3.1 3.1 2.9 4.3 10.0 14.1 16.9 12.3 7.6 3.2 3.3 2.9 4.2 9.4 12.6 15.9 10.6 7.5 3.2 3.2 2.6 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 3,189 1,263 665 309 361 598 1,949 1,677 238 3,010 1,192 627 332 310 565 1,827 1,562 258 3,118 1,180 584 313 277 597 1,958 1,662 261 4.3 11.1 15.9 18.3 14.5 8.3 3.1 3.2 2.5 4.2 10.7 16.9 19.7 14.7 7.1 3.0 3.1 2.8 4.3 10.1 14.6 15.3 14.1 7.5 3.2 3.3 3.0 3.9 9.9 15.0 16.9 13.6 7.0 2.7 2.8 2.6 4.1 10.5 14.8 19.2 12.2 8.0 2.9 2.9 2.6 4.2 10.2 13.3 17.7 10.6 8.3 3.1 3.1 2.7 Women, 16 years and over........................ 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 2,850 952 502 226 279 450 1,896 1,708 185 3,012 1,025 544 240 298 481 1,965 1,709 256 2,677 912 468 217 255 444 1,760 1,556 201 4.5 9.2 12.6 14.2 11.6 7.0 3.6 3.7 2.5 4.3 9.5 13.9 16.9 11.5 6.7 3.4 3.5 3.1 4.5 10.2 13.7 15.7 12.1 8.0 3.3 3.5 2.7 4.5 10.0 13.6 16.2 11.9 7.8 3.4 3.5 3.2 4.6 9.5 13.4 14.5 12.5 7.1 3.6 3.7 3.3 4.1 8.6 11.8 13.8 10.6 6.7 3.2 3.4 2.6 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category May 1998 May 1999 May 1998 May 1999 May 1998 May 1999 67,659 5,313 1,213 68,508 5,267 1,148 24,738 2,237 570 25,187 2,323 506 42,921 3,076 644 43,321 2,944 642 268 946 256 892 161 408 134 373 106 537 122 520 Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... Percent of total employed..................................... 8,126 6.2 7,895 5.9 4,438 6.3 4,117 5.8 3,688 6.1 3,778 6.1 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 4,660 1,571 265 1,606 4,420 1,639 264 1,537 2,811 496 206 912 2,595 493 190 823 1,849 1,075 59 694 1,825 1,146 74 714 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... Persons who currently want a job................................ Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry May 1998 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999p May 1999p May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999p May 1999p Total......................... 126,139 126,867 128,011 128,852 125,478 127,378 127,730 127,813 128,156 128,167 Total private.................... 105,969 106,385 107,543 108,350 105,715 107,386 107,676 107,726 108,057 108,075 Goods-producing......................... 25,418 24,773 25,045 25,241 25,379 25,315 25,329 25,285 25,289 25,197 Mining................................ Metal mining........................ Coal mining......................... Oil and gas extraction.............. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 595 50.4 92.6 340.4 111.1 540 49.1 87.1 300.2 103.4 533 48.6 85.8 289.6 108.5 532 48.8 85.2 286.8 111.0 595 50 93 343 109 560 50 89 312 109 553 50 88 306 109 550 50 87 305 108 538 49 86 294 109 531 49 85 289 108 Construction.......................... 5,993 5,806 6,102 6,302 General building contractors........ 1,358.4 1,358.1 1,390.7 1,423.0 Heavy construction, except building. 865.6 761.6 845.8 890.7 Special trade contractors........... 3,768.5 3,686.2 3,865.8 3,988.1 5,932 1,361 833 3,738 6,170 1,410 871 3,889 6,238 1,426 869 3,943 6,232 1,429 864 3,939 6,276 1,426 874 3,976 6,236 1,425 857 3,954 Manufacturing......................... Production workers................ 18,830 12,984 18,427 12,666 18,410 12,646 18,407 12,648 18,852 12,999 18,585 12,773 18,538 12,730 18,503 12,714 18,475 12,692 18,430 12,659 Durable goods........................ Production workers................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Computer and office equipment..... Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Electronic components and accessories.................... Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Aircraft and parts................ Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11,234 7,702 809.2 531.5 565.3 715.1 10,991 7,522 813.4 535.9 556.4 693.1 10,984 7,517 814.5 536.7 568.8 690.9 10,978 7,516 821.0 537.1 574.4 688.5 11,225 7,686 811 531 561 716 11,050 7,548 826 534 569 696 11,027 7,529 827 535 571 695 11,014 7,527 827 535 569 693 10,995 7,516 825 536 570 692 10,969 7,499 823 537 570 689 233.1 222.7 221.8 221.6 1,506.6 1,488.5 1,487.0 1,488.0 2,220.9 2,144.1 2,136.6 2,129.4 381.1 359.1 359.3 357.5 (1) 1,507 2,215 381 (1) 1,495 2,148 362 (1) 1,491 2,146 362 (1) 1,490 2,139 360 (1) 1,489 2,132 361 (1) 1,489 2,124 358 1,714.2 1,658.4 1,655.1 1,651.6 1,718 1,663 1,659 1,659 1,658 1,655 668.1 636.9 633.6 633.8 1,903.0 1,874.4 1,864.4 1,860.0 1,006.7 994.1 997.5 999.9 523.8 509.7 501.7 495.8 872.8 843.1 842.4 841.4 395.0 383.8 387.3 386.2 668 1,897 1,001 525 874 395 637 1,884 996 517 849 386 636 1,871 989 510 847 385 636 1,873 992 511 844 385 634 1,863 996 503 843 387 634 1,854 994 497 842 386 7,596 5,282 1,658.1 37.7 605.4 776.1 675.9 1,563.9 1,044.3 141.4 1,008.7 84.6 7,627 5,313 1,687 41 604 773 678 1,566 1,044 141 1,009 84 7,535 5,225 1,699 40 579 718 664 1,561 1,041 139 1,016 78 7,511 5,201 1,695 40 575 707 664 1,559 1,041 139 1,015 76 7,489 5,187 1,693 39 571 702 662 1,557 1,037 139 1,014 75 7,480 5,176 1,688 38 567 699 662 1,555 1,038 139 1,019 75 7,461 5,160 1,688 38 563 691 659 1,552 1,036 139 1,020 75 Nondurable goods..................... Production workers................ Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 7,436 5,144 1,654.0 38.1 569.3 700.3 659.7 1,553.7 1,034.6 135.4 1,015.4 75.4 7,426 5,129 1,647.8 36.4 567.4 697.2 658.7 1,553.3 1,034.0 137.7 1,018.8 74.9 7,429 5,132 1,658.8 35.1 564.5 693.7 657.3 1,550.1 1,035.5 139.8 1,019.7 74.9 Service-producing....................... 100,721 102,094 102,966 103,611 100,099 102,063 102,401 102,528 102,867 102,970 Transportation and public utilities... 6,589 6,685 6,721 6,778 Transportation...................... 4,264 4,336 4,371 4,420 Railroad transportation........... 231.3 232.4 234.1 235.9 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 483.1 491.4 493.6 500.6 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,732.6 1,758.9 1,775.3 1,800.9 Water transportation.............. 180.9 171.1 177.5 181.4 Transportation by air............. 1,169.1 1,206.7 1,210.5 1,219.2 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.7 13.7 13.7 13.8 Transportation services........... 453.6 461.9 465.9 468.4 Communications and public utilities. 2,325 2,349 2,350 2,358 Communications.................... 1,468.4 1,503.5 1,507.5 1,514.3 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 856.7 845.8 842.5 843.9 6,577 4,254 230 6,708 4,356 233 6,723 4,367 233 6,732 4,378 235 6,752 4,397 234 6,765 4,409 235 465 1,738 179 1,175 14 453 2,323 1,467 474 1,786 182 1,204 14 463 2,352 1,502 475 1,789 181 1,213 14 462 2,356 1,507 476 1,796 177 1,218 14 462 2,354 1,506 483 1,800 180 1,220 14 466 2,355 1,510 482 1,805 180 1,225 14 468 2,356 1,513 856 850 849 848 845 843 6,971 4,127 2,844 22,786 6,814 4,032 2,782 22,237 6,924 4,088 2,836 22,556 6,937 4,100 2,837 22,648 6,947 4,103 2,844 22,611 6,965 4,113 2,852 22,738 6,962 4,120 2,842 22,755 985.3 949.8 992.3 1,022.0 2,642.7 2,688.7 2,717.3 2,724.3 2,349.3 2,396.0 2,425.5 2,432.6 3,460.6 3,443.6 3,448.4 3,462.4 942 2,725 2,422 3,478 972 2,773 2,470 3,481 979 2,781 2,475 3,492 982 2,794 2,489 3,490 982 2,815 2,516 3,493 977 2,806 2,507 3,480 2,338.9 2,370.0 2,387.5 2,409.8 1,044.4 1,066.7 1,072.1 1,077.7 1,116.3 1,129.8 1,133.9 1,138.0 2,333 1,044 1,142 2,377 1,061 1,152 2,390 1,065 1,167 2,392 1,069 1,167 2,398 1,074 1,162 2,404 1,078 1,164 1,007.1 1,060.6 1,069.7 1,073.5 7,886.2 7,663.1 7,853.0 8,039.0 2,827.9 2,868.3 2,887.1 2,917.2 1,019 7,736 2,862 1,055 7,843 2,903 1,064 7,855 2,920 1,070 7,785 2,931 1,081 7,863 2,944 1,086 7,886 2,952 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,372 7,547 7,586 7,625 Finance............................. 3,569 3,681 3,691 3,703 Depository institutions........... 2,039.4 2,045.1 2,045.4 2,051.6 Commercial banks................ 1,467.0 1,463.5 1,464.1 1,468.5 Savings institutions............ 258.2 257.6 257.2 257.3 Nondepository institutions........ 647.5 711.9 716.0 719.0 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 320.0 367.8 370.6 374.3 Security and commodity brokers.... 636.6 661.0 665.4 668.3 Holding and other investment offices........................ 245.3 262.5 264.0 263.7 Insurance........................... 2,333 2,388 2,392 2,396 Insurance carriers................ 1,589.5 1,627.5 1,629.3 1,632.4 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 743.7 760.0 762.6 763.1 Real estate......................... 1,470 1,478 1,503 1,526 7,374 3,574 2,043 1,470 258 647 319 639 7,570 3,675 2,049 1,469 258 705 362 663 7,581 3,681 2,051 1,470 258 708 365 661 7,595 3,690 2,051 1,469 258 712 368 664 7,614 3,700 2,052 1,469 257 717 370 668 7,626 3,708 2,055 1,472 257 719 373 671 245 2,336 1,592 258 2,383 1,627 261 2,386 1,628 263 2,392 1,632 263 2,395 1,631 263 2,398 1,635 744 1,464 756 1,512 758 1,514 760 1,513 764 1,519 763 1,520 37,334 694 1,774 1,197 8,513 948 3,212 2,858 38,313 747 1,785 1,205 8,869 971 3,308 2,933 38,458 751 1,786 1,201 8,922 971 3,331 2,954 38,556 747 1,789 1,200 8,963 973 3,343 2,967 38,699 756 1,792 1,203 9,015 979 3,355 2,981 38,770 748 1,781 1,198 9,057 982 3,368 2,987 Wholesale trade....................... Durable goods....................... Nondurable goods.................... Retail trade.......................... Building materials and garden supplies......................... General merchandise stores.......... Department stores................. Food stores......................... Automotive dealers and service stations......................... New and used car dealers.......... Apparel and accessory stores........ Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... Eating and drinking places.......... Miscellaneous retail establishments. Services2............................. Agricultural services............... Hotels and other lodging places..... Personal services................... Business services................... Services to buildings............. Personnel supply services......... Help supply services............ 6,822 4,038 2,784 22,265 37,503 747.6 1,791.5 1,187.6 8,489.8 954.2 3,194.6 2,841.9 6,909 4,091 2,818 22,174 38,297 663.5 1,715.4 1,260.1 8,829.5 966.7 3,235.5 2,864.0 6,948 4,111 2,837 22,489 38,754 761.3 1,744.8 1,265.6 8,928.6 977.5 3,294.6 2,918.8 38,949 805.0 1,798.2 1,189.3 9,033.0 989.2 3,349.9 2,970.6 Computer and data processing services....................... Auto repair, services, and parking.. Miscellaneous repair services....... Motion pictures..................... Amusement and recreation services... Health services..................... Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ Nursing and personal care facilities..................... Hospitals......................... Home health care services......... Legal services...................... Educational services................ Social services..................... Child day care services........... Residential care.................. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... Membership organizations............ Engineering and management services. Engineering and architectural services....................... Management and public relations... Services, nec....................... Government............................ Federal............................. Federal, except Postal Service.... State............................... Education......................... Other State government............ Local............................... Education......................... Other local government............ 1,569.7 1,138.6 380.0 573.0 1,669.3 9,823.3 1,762.8 1,183.6 398.9 588.1 1,769.2 9,945.3 1,573 1,137 380 573 1,584 9,830 1,708 1,168 392 573 1,653 9,905 1,724 1,175 392 582 1,656 9,919 1,734 1,176 393 580 1,660 9,932 1,750 1,178 396 585 1,671 9,951 1,766 1,182 399 588 1,679 9,952 1,789.9 1,845.7 1,852.7 1,855.8 1,793 1,840 1,844 1,850 1,856 1,859 1,761.9 3,912.2 677.8 962.5 2,196.6 2,649.4 620.8 743.9 1,750.5 3,961.3 655.3 992.1 2,298.9 2,787.9 653.9 774.7 1,766 3,918 675 968 2,164 2,624 600 744 1,756 3,954 645 989 2,218 2,721 621 765 1,755 3,959 651 992 2,237 2,734 625 768 1,754 3,963 653 995 2,243 2,744 627 769 1,753 3,966 655 998 2,247 2,756 629 773 1,755 3,967 653 998 2,265 2,762 633 775 95.5 88.9 93.0 97.1 2,356.7 2,378.7 2,380.8 2,390.7 3,153.1 3,361.5 3,386.0 3,378.5 92 2,357 3,158 94 2,385 3,316 94 2,389 3,335 95 2,392 3,354 94 2,393 3,370 93 2,391 3,383 898.5 923.3 928.7 934.2 1,018.1 1,117.7 1,131.0 1,143.0 50.9 54.7 55.6 56.0 901 1,016 (1) 926 1,103 (1) 930 1,111 (1) 933 1,123 (1) 938 1,131 (1) 936 1,141 (1) 19,763 2,675 1,812 4,597 1,908 2,689 12,491 7,052 5,439 19,992 2,702 1,822 4,644 1,920 2,724 12,646 7,165 5,481 20,054 2,713 1,834 4,670 1,941 2,729 12,671 7,181 5,490 20,087 2,710 1,831 4,680 1,948 2,732 12,697 7,200 5,497 20,099 2,689 1,809 4,690 1,958 2,732 12,720 7,203 5,517 20,092 2,673 1,794 4,687 1,951 2,736 12,732 7,222 5,510 20,170 2,676 1,821.9 4,659 1,969.1 2,689.6 12,835 7,419.4 5,415.1 1,738.5 1,173.8 389.6 582.0 1,514.9 9,918.8 1,750.2 3,957.9 652.0 989.5 2,385.8 2,752.4 642.2 768.5 20,482 2,697 1,824.5 4,800 2,086.1 2,714.3 12,985 7,592.4 5,392.3 1,751.6 1,177.0 395.9 582.7 1,651.8 9,938.2 1,748.6 3,960.0 655.8 992.0 2,390.7 2,772.5 647.4 772.9 20,468 2,681 1,810.0 4,812 2,088.5 2,723.4 12,975 7,553.3 5,421.3 20,502 2,673 1,803.3 4,749 2,012.8 2,736.5 13,080 7,593.6 5,486.7 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1998 benchmarks and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry May 1998 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999p May 1999p May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999p May 1999p Total private.................... 34.6 34.2 34.3 34.6 34.7 34.6 34.6 34.5 34.4 34.5 Goods-producing......................... 41.2 40.5 40.9 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.0 40.8 40.8 41.0 Mining................................ 44.3 42.2 43.2 43.9 44.3 42.9 43.0 42.9 43.7 43.8 Construction.......................... 39.3 37.7 38.6 39.3 38.9 39.5 39.2 38.5 38.6 38.9 Manufacturing......................... Overtime hours.................... 41.8 4.6 41.4 4.4 41.6 4.5 41.7 4.5 41.8 4.6 41.6 4.5 41.6 4.5 41.5 4.5 41.6 4.3 41.7 4.6 Durable goods........................ Overtime hours.................... 42.5 4.8 42.0 4.5 42.2 4.7 42.3 4.6 42.4 4.8 42.2 4.6 42.2 4.6 42.0 4.6 42.1 4.4 42.2 4.6 Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 41.3 40.1 44.0 44.5 40.8 40.0 42.2 43.9 41.2 40.2 43.2 44.2 41.4 39.7 43.8 44.3 41.1 40.8 43.6 44.3 41.7 40.4 43.8 43.7 41.1 40.3 43.4 43.8 41.2 40.3 42.9 43.9 41.2 40.4 43.1 44.1 41.2 40.3 43.4 44.2 45.4 42.5 43.1 43.9 41.8 42.1 44.8 42.1 42.2 44.9 42.1 42.2 45.3 42.5 43.0 43.8 42.1 42.1 43.8 42.1 42.1 43.9 42.1 41.9 44.7 41.8 41.9 44.8 42.1 42.1 41.2 43.7 44.1 41.3 39.9 40.8 43.9 45.1 41.4 40.0 41.0 44.2 45.6 41.6 40.0 41.3 43.9 45.1 41.5 40.1 41.4 43.3 43.3 41.4 40.1 41.2 43.5 44.3 41.2 39.6 41.2 44.0 45.0 41.3 39.7 41.0 43.7 44.7 41.2 39.8 41.0 44.0 45.1 41.8 39.7 41.6 43.5 44.3 41.7 40.2 Nondurable goods..................... Overtime hours.................... 40.8 4.2 40.6 4.2 40.7 4.2 40.8 4.3 40.9 4.4 40.8 4.4 40.8 4.3 40.8 4.4 40.9 4.2 41.0 4.5 Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 41.5 39.0 41.1 37.4 43.3 38.1 42.9 42.9 41.9 37.4 41.1 38.1 40.3 37.4 43.4 37.9 42.8 43.7 41.8 37.6 41.2 38.2 40.9 37.6 43.6 38.1 42.7 42.9 41.7 37.8 41.7 38.9 40.6 37.9 43.4 37.9 42.9 42.3 41.7 37.9 41.7 39.1 41.2 37.4 43.5 38.4 43.1 (2) 41.8 37.5 41.8 38.1 40.8 37.0 43.5 38.2 42.9 (2) 41.4 37.3 41.7 38.5 40.6 37.5 43.5 38.1 42.8 (2) 41.7 37.7 41.7 38.8 40.4 37.4 43.7 37.9 42.8 (2) 41.8 37.7 41.9 38.4 41.0 37.5 43.6 38.1 43.0 (2) 41.4 38.0 41.9 39.0 40.7 37.9 43.6 38.2 43.1 (2) 41.7 38.0 Service-producing....................... 32.8 32.6 32.6 33.0 33.0 32.9 33.0 32.8 32.8 32.8 Transportation and public utilities... 39.5 38.8 38.7 38.9 39.7 39.3 39.2 39.1 39.1 38.9 Wholesale trade....................... 38.4 38.2 38.3 38.6 38.4 38.4 38.5 38.4 38.4 38.3 Retail trade.......................... 29.0 28.6 28.7 29.1 29.1 29.0 29.2 29.0 29.0 29.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.1 36.0 35.9 36.4 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.5 32.4 32.4 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.5 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1998 benchmarks and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry May 1998 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999p May 1999p May 1998 Total private.................... Seasonally adjusted............. $12.71 12.73 $13.12 13.11 $13.16 13.14 $13.20 13.19 $439.77 441.73 Goods-producing......................... 14.29 14.53 14.64 14.75 Mining................................ 16.67 17.01 16.94 Construction.......................... 16.44 16.79 Manufacturing......................... 13.48 13.73 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 13.97 11.05 10.80 13.58 15.55 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999p May 1999p $448.70 452.30 $451.39 452.02 $456.72 455.06 588.75 588.47 598.78 606.23 16.85 738.48 717.82 731.81 739.72 16.85 17.04 646.09 632.98 650.41 669.67 13.80 13.84 563.46 568.42 574.08 577.13 14.20 11.31 11.10 13.70 15.53 14.27 11.38 11.14 13.74 15.65 14.32 11.42 11.17 13.86 15.73 593.73 456.37 433.08 597.52 691.98 596.40 461.45 444.00 578.14 681.77 602.19 468.86 447.83 593.57 691.73 605.74 472.79 443.45 607.07 696.84 18.56 13.03 14.38 18.56 13.33 14.81 18.66 13.37 14.85 18.82 13.44 14.93 842.62 553.78 619.78 814.78 557.19 623.50 835.97 562.88 626.67 845.02 565.82 630.05 13.02 17.61 18.07 13.78 10.80 13.27 17.66 17.98 13.97 11.19 13.34 17.87 18.30 14.07 11.25 13.40 17.87 18.22 14.10 11.27 536.42 769.56 796.89 569.11 430.92 541.42 775.27 810.90 578.36 447.60 546.94 789.85 834.48 585.31 450.00 553.42 784.49 821.72 585.15 451.93 12.72 11.78 20.24 10.37 8.47 15.51 13.33 17.11 20.81 11.85 9.31 13.03 11.93 19.33 10.62 8.78 15.78 13.73 17.18 21.59 12.20 9.55 13.08 12.07 19.98 10.67 8.84 15.83 13.73 17.27 21.57 12.20 9.59 13.12 12.10 20.87 10.72 8.83 15.95 13.74 17.35 21.31 12.24 9.57 518.98 488.87 789.36 426.21 316.78 671.58 507.87 734.02 892.75 496.52 348.19 529.02 490.32 736.47 427.99 328.37 684.85 520.37 735.30 943.48 509.96 359.08 532.36 497.28 763.24 436.40 332.38 690.19 523.11 737.43 925.35 508.74 362.50 535.30 504.57 811.84 435.23 334.66 692.23 520.75 744.32 901.41 510.41 362.70 Service-producing....................... 12.19 12.67 12.69 12.71 399.83 413.04 413.69 419.43 Transportation and public utilities... $15.18 $15.51 $15.57 $15.58 $599.61 $601.79 $602.56 $606.06 Wholesale trade....................... 14.00 14.34 14.48 14.53 537.60 547.79 554.58 560.86 Retail trade.......................... 8.69 9.00 9.03 9.04 252.01 257.40 259.16 263.06 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 13.99 14.53 14.61 14.76 505.04 523.08 524.50 537.26 Services.............................. 12.76 13.33 13.32 13.34 414.70 431.89 431.57 437.55 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1998 benchmarks and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent change from: Apr. 1999May 1999 May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999p May 1999p Total private: Current dollars.............. Constant (1982) dollars2..... $12.73 7.74 $13.04 7.83 $13.06 7.84 $13.11 7.86 $13.14 7.83 $13.19 N.A. 0.4 (3) Goods-producing............... Mining...................... Construction................ Manufacturing............... Excluding overtime4....... 14.29 16.72 16.50 13.48 12.77 14.53 17.07 16.80 13.64 12.93 14.56 16.97 16.83 13.67 12.97 14.61 17.00 16.92 13.71 13.00 14.67 16.88 16.97 13.79 13.09 14.75 16.90 17.10 13.84 13.13 .5 .1 .8 .4 .3 Service-producing............. Transportation and public utilities................ Wholesale trade............. Retail trade................ Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Services.................... 12.22 12.56 12.58 12.63 12.65 12.70 .4 15.27 14.02 8.70 15.49 14.36 8.93 15.51 14.36 8.95 15.53 14.42 8.98 15.60 14.44 9.03 15.68 14.48 9.05 .5 .3 .2 14.00 12.79 14.46 13.17 14.49 13.22 14.51 13.27 14.58 13.28 14.64 13.33 .4 .4 Industry 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.4 percent from March 1999 to April 1999, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1998 benchmarks and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry May 1998 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999p May 1999p May 1998 Jan. 1999 Feb. 1999 Mar. 1999 Apr. 1999p May 1999p Total private.................... 145.0 143.5 145.7 148.3 145.0 146.8 147.3 146.8 147.0 147.3 Goods-producing......................... 116.3 110.5 113.1 114.9 115.8 115.2 115.0 114.2 114.2 114.3 Mining................................ 57.3 48.6 49.1 49.8 57.2 51.8 51.0 50.5 50.4 49.6 Construction.......................... 166.4 Manufacturing......................... 109.4 151.3 164.8 105.8 106.2 174.5 162.3 171.9 171.9 169.1 169.2 170.0 106.3 109.6 107.1 106.8 106.5 106.5 106.5 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 114.1 145.2 133.8 117.4 94.5 110.1 143.9 134.5 110.8 89.9 110.8 145.4 135.3 116.0 90.3 110.8 147.6 134.1 119.1 90.0 113.7 144.7 135.6 115.2 94.2 111.0 149.5 135.3 117.8 89.9 110.8 147.6 134.9 117.0 90.0 110.4 147.9 135.2 115.4 90.0 110.4 147.5 135.6 116.2 90.1 110.4 147.3 135.6 117.0 90.0 73.6 119.8 111.6 68.0 116.3 105.6 69.1 116.9 105.4 69.4 117.1 104.8 73.6 120.0 110.9 68.0 117.7 105.4 68.0 117.2 105.2 68.2 117.0 104.4 69.0 116.1 104.1 69.2 117.0 104.1 109.9 129.9 166.6 76.7 103.9 104.8 126.4 165.1 75.4 100.4 105.1 126.6 167.6 75.7 101.2 105.4 125.7 167.3 75.0 101.3 110.7 127.7 161.8 77.0 104.2 105.9 125.1 161.0 75.0 99.5 105.2 125.9 162.7 75.2 99.8 105.1 125.3 162.7 74.7 100.0 105.3 125.3 164.6 76.1 100.5 106.4 123.7 162.5 75.4 101.4 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 102.9 114.5 55.1 87.7 68.5 108.7 124.4 103.1 76.3 148.6 36.8 99.9 114.0 54.0 80.7 61.3 105.6 121.7 101.8 74.1 148.9 32.5 99.8 113.4 51.1 81.6 61.4 105.9 121.8 101.4 74.3 149.0 32.5 100.1 115.4 48.6 80.7 61.6 105.4 120.8 102.1 74.5 149.4 32.2 103.9 117.9 62.0 87.8 68.3 109.6 125.6 103.6 76.1 148.2 36.9 101.8 119.3 58.5 83.1 62.3 107.1 123.4 102.4 76.2 147.8 32.7 101.5 118.8 57.2 82.0 62.1 106.7 122.8 102.0 77.4 148.5 33.0 101.2 118.8 55.7 81.1 61.5 107.0 121.9 101.8 76.4 148.8 32.4 101.2 118.8 55.2 81.8 61.5 106.7 121.9 102.4 74.9 147.8 32.7 101.1 118.8 54.1 80.7 61.4 106.3 121.9 102.5 74.2 149.2 32.1 Service-producing....................... 157.8 158.3 160.3 163.2 158.1 161.0 161.8 161.5 161.7 162.1 Transportation and public utilities... 131.6 131.6 131.6 133.7 132.2 134.1 134.1 133.8 134.0 133.5 Wholesale trade....................... 128.5 129.8 130.8 132.2 128.5 130.6 131.3 131.3 131.5 130.9 Retail trade.......................... 139.8 136.8 139.5 143.4 140.1 141.3 142.9 141.9 142.7 143.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 135.1 137.4 137.8 140.6 135.8 139.1 139.6 139.3 139.2 139.0 Services.............................. 193.5 196.1 198.8 201.8 193.7 198.3 198.9 198.8 198.9 199.8 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1998 benchmarks and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 63.8 49.6 56.2 63.8 54.4 58.0 64.9 61.0 57.9 58.3 54.6 59.4 61.9 58.8 52.1 56.5 55.1 62.8 60.5 p59.0 47.5 61.9 58.8 55.9 p49.4 54.8 60.8 56.3 57.9 55.6 57.0 60.7 58.0 59.1 62.5 61.0 55.8 57.9 57.3 59.4 54.6 56.9 63.5 65.4 52.9 55.2 59.7 63.6 59.1 57.7 61.2 62.1 58.6 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 63.8 62.6 63.8 66.7 60.7 62.9 62.5 63.6 66.2 55.9 58.0 63.3 67.7 64.5 p59.7 53.5 63.1 67.3 63.9 p52.7 53.9 63.1 62.6 61.4 52.7 64.3 61.7 58.7 59.3 64.3 61.4 60.0 61.0 62.2 66.2 58.4 59.4 64.6 67.3 57.6 58.6 64.2 69.9 57.6 57.3 66.2 70.8 59.0 55.3 63.2 71.2 60.4 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 66.7 62.6 67.4 70.6 p61.1 59.7 65.2 68.3 66.9 p58.3 58.6 64.5 65.6 65.9 56.5 65.2 67.0 62.4 59.0 64.7 65.6 62.6 60.0 64.6 64.9 61.1 57.7 67.0 66.3 58.0 61.0 65.4 68.4 59.8 60.5 65.9 69.7 60.0 59.3 66.7 71.3 60.8 61.7 66.9 71.3 60.8 63.2 66.7 71.9 58.0 63.6 64.5 69.0 70.4 62.4 66.7 67.3 68.3 62.6 64.5 68.3 67.1 63.3 65.6 69.7 64.0 61.7 68.5 69.5 62.1 61.9 67.3 70.1 61.7 58.7 67.7 70.1 61.8 62.2 66.4 70.4 63.8 62.2 68.0 70.5 59.8 61.5 69.9 69.7 p59.6 63.5 68.7 69.8 p58.7 65.4 66.9 71.3 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 57.2 42.4 50.0 58.6 40.3 50.4 55.4 52.9 51.8 42.4 47.1 46.8 53.6 50.4 39.6 52.9 41.0 56.1 50.4 p46.0 41.4 55.8 52.2 40.6 p37.4 45.3 51.4 53.2 46.8 45.0 47.1 51.1 40.3 51.1 56.5 55.4 45.3 48.6 48.9 53.6 42.1 51.1 55.0 62.2 36.3 45.3 50.7 61.2 39.9 48.2 54.0 55.4 45.0 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 55.4 46.8 51.8 59.4 37.4 51.4 46.0 51.4 57.9 31.7 44.2 43.5 57.6 51.8 p37.8 41.7 46.0 56.8 44.2 p30.2 43.5 48.2 54.3 41.7 37.4 51.1 51.8 34.9 42.1 51.8 53.6 37.4 43.9 49.6 55.4 37.1 48.2 53.2 59.7 38.1 46.8 52.5 68.3 34.2 44.6 55.0 65.8 35.6 41.4 50.7 64.4 35.3 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 55.4 41.4 54.7 59.7 p32.0 45.7 46.0 54.0 49.3 p29.5 43.2 45.7 51.4 48.2 38.1 47.1 54.3 36.7 41.7 46.0 52.5 36.7 42.8 48.6 52.2 36.7 41.0 52.9 55.4 28.4 42.1 50.4 61.2 31.3 43.5 51.8 61.5 33.5 43.2 51.4 64.7 35.3 44.2 52.5 66.2 32.7 45.0 51.8 65.1 28.1 46.0 43.5 54.7 54.0 44.2 47.5 52.5 49.3 46.0 45.3 54.0 46.0 47.8 45.3 54.0 40.6 41.0 50.4 55.4 35.6 41.7 49.6 56.8 33.8 38.5 50.4 57.2 30.9 38.8 48.6 57.9 32.0 36.3 51.1 58.3 26.6 38.5 55.0 56.5 p27.0 39.9 54.3 55.4 p25.5 44.6 50.7 57.2 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. Data have been revised to reflect March 1998 benchmarks and recomputed seasonal adjustment factors.
@FedFRASER