Full text of The Employment Situation : May 1991

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
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United States
Department
of Labor
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(202) 523-1371
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USDL 91-258
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EOT), FRIDAY,
JUNE 7, 1991

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MAY 1991
Nonfarm payroll employment held steady in May, after declining
markedly during the first 4 months of this year, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Changes in
the civilian worker unemployment rate in April and May were generally
offsetting. The rate rose by three-tenths of a point in May to 6.9
percent, following a roughly similar decline in April.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons and the civilian worker
unemployment rate rose in May (after seasonal adjustment), following
declines of similar magnitudes in April. The number of unemployed persons
rose by 370,000 in May to a level of 8.6 million, and the civilian worker
unemployment rate rose from 6.6 to 6.9 percent. Both measures, however,
were about the same in May as they were in March. The May jobless rate was
1.4 percentage points higher than it was at the start of the current
recession in July 1990. (See table A-2.)
Although unemployment rates for all major worker groups rose in May,
the increases generally offset April declines. Thus, the rates for adult
women (5.8 percent), adult men (6.5 percent), teenagers (19.1 percent),
whites (6.1 percent), and Hispanics (9.7 percent) were about the same as
they had been in March. The jobless rate for blacks, however, at 13.0
percent in May, has edged upward steadily during the last 3 months.
Unemployment rates for all major worker groups are substantially higher
than they were in mid-1990, (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
The number of workers unemployed for less than 5 weeks rose by 370,000
in May, following a large decline in April. Long-term unemployment held
steady in both April and May. At 12.9 and 6.5 weeks, respectively, both
The establishment data shown in this news release have
been adjusted to reflect annual benchmark revisions and
updated seasonal adjustment factors. See the note on the
revisions beginning on page 5.



Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data

Quarterly
averages
Category

1990

Mar.

IV
HOUSEHOLD EHTA
Labor force J./
Total employment 1/.
Civilian labor force..
Civilian employment.
Unemployment
Not in labor force....
Discouraged workers.

126,525!
119,165!
124,9241
117,564!
7,360!
63,772!
941!

Apr.May
change

1991

1991

Apr.

May

Thousands of persons
126,572! 126,786: 127,128! 126,690!
118,424! 118,214: 118,854! 118,049!
125,013 125,326! 125,672! 125,2321
116,865 116,754! 117,398! 116,591:
8,572! 8,274: 8,640!
8,149
64,099 63,917! 63,708! 64,291!
997!
N.A. : N.A. : N.A.!

-438
-805
-440
-807
366
583
N.A.

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/......
All civilian workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin...
ESTABLISHMENT DATA .2/
Nonfarm employment....
Goods-producing
Service-producing...

5..8!
5..9!
5..4!
5..1!
16.4!
5.1!
12.0!
8.7!

6.4!
6.5!
6.1!
5.5!
18.0!
5.8!
12.1!
9.7!

6.8!
6.8!
6.5!
5.7!
18.7!
6.2!
12.3!
10.3!

6.5!
6.6!
6.2!
5.5!
18.1!
5.8i
12.6!
9.0!

6.8! 0.3
6.9!
.3
6.51
.3
5.8!
.3
19.1! 1.0
.3
6.1:
.4
13.0!
.7
9.7!

Thousands of jobs
109,788! 109,160! 108,902! plO8,722 !plO8,781,' p59
24,520! 24,032! 23,877! p23,793! p23,812! pl9
85,268! 85,128! 85,025! p84,929! p84,969! p40
Hours of work

Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.4!
40.7!
3.5!

34.2!
40.3!
3.3!

1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
2/ Establishment data have been revised
to reflect March 1990 benchmarks and updated
seasonal adjustment factors.




34.2!
40.3!
3.3!

p34.0!
P40.3!
p3.3!

p34.3! p0.3
P40.4! p.l
p3.41 p.l

N.A.=not available.
p=prelijninary.

- 3 the average and median durations of unemployment returned to their March
levels, after rising in April, (See table A-6.)
The number of workers employed part time for economic reasons
decreased by 230,000 in May. At 5.9 million, this group (often referred to
as the partially unemployed) remains about 900,000 higher than it was at
the start of the current recession. (See table A-4.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Movements in civilian employment and in the labor force were also
offsetting in April and May. At 116.6 million, seasonally adjusted, total
civilian employment fell by 810,000 in May, following a gain of 640,000 in
April- The bulk of these changes have occurred among the self-employed.
(See tables A-2 and A-4.)
Since July of last year, total enployment has fallen by 1.3 million.
The employment-population ratio—the proportion of the working-age
population with jobs—dropped half a percentage point in May, more than
offsetting an increase in April. At 61.5 percent, the ratio is nearly 11/2 percentage points lower than its peak in the middle of last year- (See
table A-2.)
The civilian labor force declined by 440,000 in May to 125.2 million,
following an increase of similar magnitude in April. The labor force
participation rate—the proportion of working-age persons either employed
or actively seeking deployment—was 66.1 percent in May, down 0.4
percentage point from a year earlier. The largest decline in labor force
participation over the year has occurred among teenagers, whose rate has
dropped 2.4 percentage points, but there were also small declines among
adult men and women. (See table A-2.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfaim payroll enployroent held steady in May at 108.8 million. This
followed a drop of 180,000 (as revised) in April and declines averaging
240,000 in the first quarter. Small enployment iinpravements in May were
widespread, as the index of diffusion was up to 50.8 percent. This was the
first time in a year that as many industries added jobs as lost them. (See
tables B-l and B-6.)
Employment in the goods-producing sector, which had experienced
declines each month for over a year, was little changed in May, as
manufacturing and construction firmed up. Manufacturing payrolls were
buoyed for the second consecutive month by returns of laid-off auto
workers. Other manufacturing industries, most notably industrial machinery
and instruments, continued to lose jobs. Nevertheless, about as many
manufacturing industries gained employees as lost them, the best showing
since early 1989.




- 4 Construction employment was unchanged in May; the industry had lost
about a tenth of its jobs during the prior year. Continued reductions in
nonresidentiaJ general contractors were offset by the first gains in
special trades in over a year- In mining, 6f000 jobs were lost, half in
oil and gas extraction.
In the service-producing sector, there was renewed job growth in May,
after substantial losses in the prior 3 months. Improvement was largely
concentrated in the services industry, which showed its first gain since
January. Employment in business services was up 15,000, and health
services continued its steady eflnployment gains, adding 30,000 workers. A
small employment increase also occurred in transportation. Real estate
employment was unchanged in May, a positive sign in an industry that has
had steady losses for a year. Retail trade enployment was little changed
in May following eight consecutive declines that averaged 50,000 a month.
A similar occurrence was evident in wholesale trade.
Weekly Hours (Establishirent Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 hour in May to 34.3 hours,
seasonally adjusted, following decreases in the prior 2 months. Both the
manufacturing workweek and factory overtime edged up a tenth of an hour, to
40.4 and 3.4 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or
nonsupervisory workers increased by 0.9 percent to 121.1 (1982=100) in May,
seasonally adjusted. The index for manufacturing increased by 0.4 percent
to 101.1. Over the year, the index for manufacturing was down by 6.3
percent. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers increased by 0.4 percent to $10.32, seasonally adjusted, in May.
Average weekly earnings increased by 1.3 percent to $353.98. Prior to
seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings edged up by 1 cent and average
weekly earnings were up by $1,37. Over the year, average hourly earnings
increased by 3.4 percent and average weekly earnings by 2.8 percent. (See
tables B-3 and B-4.)




- 5 Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
In accordance with annual practicer the establishment survey data have
been revised to reflect comprehensive universe counts of payroll jobs
(benchmarks). These counts are derived principally from unemployment
insurance tax records for March 1990. The effects of the benchmark
revision on current data are shown in table B, which presents data for
February 1991. February data are used because they represent the last
month of final published estimates prior to this benchmark revision.
As is the practice with the introduction of new benchmarks/ seasonal
adjustment factors have been recalculated to incorporate the experience
through March 1991. As a result, seasonally adjusted series for the past 5
years (1986-91) are subject to revision. The BLS uses the X-ll ARIMA
(Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) seasonal adjustment methodology
to seasonally adjust establishment-based employment, hours, and earnings
data. Projected seasonal adjustment factors are now calculated only for
the first 6 months after the introduction of new benchmarks. A second set
of projected seasonal adjustment factors, for use during the subsequent
6-month period, will be computed based upon data through October and
introduced with the release of data for November. Revisions of historical
data for the most recent 5 years will continue to be made once a year,
coincident with the benchmark revisions.
All unadjusted establishment data series from April 1989 forward and
all seasonally adjusted series from January 1986 forward are affected by
the annual revisions announced today. The June 1991 issue of Employment
and Earnings will contain a discussion of the effects of the benchmark
revisions, revised seasonal adjustment factors to be used during MayOctober 1991, and an explanation of the seasonal adjustment methodology.
This issue will also present revised estimates for all regularly published
tables containing national establishment survey data on employment, hours,
and earnings. All of the revised historical series will be published in a
special supplement to Btployment and Earnings, which is expected to be
issued in July. This supplement, when combined with the historical volume,
Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, 1909-90 (BLS Bulletin
2370), will comprise the full historical series on national data obtained
from the establishment survey. Five years of history for the "B" tables
published in this release are. available on.diskette (202*523-1172); the
full history for all establishment data series is available on magnetic
tape (202-523-1260).




- 6 Table B- Establishment survey enjoyment estimates for February 1991,
not seasonally adjusted4
(In thousands)
February 1991
employment
estimates

Industry

Before
revision
Total nonfarm ernployment.
Total private
*
Mining
Construction
*
,
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities,
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Services
-

108,307
89,662
724
4,394
18,340
5,772
6,219
19,094
6,764
28,355

!Difference

As
revised!
107,887! -420
89,204!
699!
4,333!
18,387!
5,759!
6,062!
18,965!
6,669!
28,330!

-458
-25
-61
47
-13
-157
-129
-95
-25

i

Government.
Federal..
State
Local-,..

18,645
2,936
4,427
11,282

18,683!
2,936!
4,449!
11,298!

38
0
22
16

Changes in data presentation
Beginning with next month's issue, tables A and A-l of this release
will no longer contain labor force series which incorporate data on Armed
Forces stationed in the United States. The estimates of resident troop
strength have had limitations of timeliness' and reliability which were
exacerbated during the recent Persian Gulf operations. (See note on table
A-l.) The rate containing the resident Armed Forces will continue to be
included in the range of measures of varying definitions of unemployment
(current table A-8). Series incorporating the resident Armed Forces will
continue to be included in the BLS publication, Employment and Earnings.

The Employment Situation for June 1991 will be released on Friday,
July 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EOT).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BIS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 35OfOOO establishments employing over
41 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutionaJ population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force;
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage Sf unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resicjent Armed Forces). Table A-8 presents a special
grouping ofLseven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields V-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
schooPs-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are also
calculated twice a year. In both surveys, revisions to historical
data are made once a year.

Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other Information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release.*More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $9.50 per issue or $29.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments arc provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, Including Armed Forces In the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

189,467
126.279
66.6
119,916
63.3
1,639
118,277
3,452
114,825
6,363
5.0
63,188

190,836
126,183
66.1
118,134
61.9
1,456
116,678
3,110
113,568
8,049
6.4
64,652

190.980
126,315
66.1
118,082
61.8
1,458
116,624
3.431
113,194
8,233
6.5
64,665

189,467
126.578
66.8
119,916
63.3
1,639
118.277
3,286
114,991
6,662
5.3
62,889

190,592
126,253
66.2
118,537
62.2
1,615
116,922
3,163
113,759
7,715
6.1
64.339

190,717
126,678
66.4
118,520
62.1
1.602
116.918
3.222
113,696
8,158
6.4
64,039

190,703
126,786
66.5
118,214
62.0
1.460
116,754
3.098
113,656
8,572
6.8
63.917

190,836
127,128
66.6
118,854
62.3
1,456
117,398
3,156
114.243
8,274
6.5
63,708

190,980
126.690
66.3
118,049
61.8
1.458
116,591
3,272
113,319
8,640
6.8
64,291

91,014
69.569
76.4
66,096
72.6
1,472
64,624
3,473
5.0

91.652
69,356
75.7
64,568
70.4
1,310
63,258
4,788
6.9

91,720
69.486
75.8
64,802
70.7
1.303
63.499
4,684
6.7

91,014
69,729
76.6
66,061
72.6
1,472
64,589
3.668
5.3

91,590
69,543
75.9
65.251
71.2
1,453
63.798
4.292
6.2

91,650
69.749
76.1
65,043
71.0
1,439
63,604
4.706
6.7

91.587
69,808
76.2
64,846
70.8
1,314
63,532
4,962
7.1

91,652
69,855
76.2
65.112
71.0
1,310
63,802
4,743
6.8

91,720
69.704
76.0
64,746
70.6
1.303
63.443
4.957
7.1

98,453
56.709
57.6
53,820
54J
167
53,653
2,890
5.1

99,184
56,827
57.3
53,566
54.0
146
53,420
3,261
5.7

99.260
56.829
57.3
53.280
53.7
155
53,125
3.548
62

98.453
56,849
57.7
53.855
54.7
167
53.688
2.994
5.3

99.002
56.710
57.3
53.287
53.8
162
53.125
3.423
6.0

99,067
56.929
57.5
53.477
54.0
163
53.314
3,452
6.1

99,116
56,978
57.5
53.368
53.8
146
53,222
3,610
6.3

99,184
57,273
57.7
53,742
54.2
146
53,596
3,531
62

99.260
56,986
57.4
53.303
53.7
155
53,148
3,683
6.5

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force 2
Participation rate 3
Total employed 2
•
Employment-population ratio 4
Resident Armed Forces
:
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate 5
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force 2
Participation rate 3
Total employed 2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate 5
Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force 2
Participation rate 3
Total employed 2
Employment-population ratio 4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate 5

,

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.

3

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the
resident Armed Forces).
4

5

Note on Armed Forces estimates
Estimates of the labor force including the resident Armed Forces that appear in table A-1 of this
release should be interpreted with caution. The estimates of the resident Armed Forces come from
administrative sources and are affected by lags in the availability of information, changes over
time in administrative practices for the classification of military personnel as resident or nonresident,
and variations in those practices among the branches of the services. In recent months, developments in the Persian Guff have accentuated the impact of these factors on the data.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

187,828
124,640

66.4
118,277
63.0
6,363
5.1

189,380
124,727
65.9
116,678
61.6
8,049
6.5

189,522
124,857
65.9
116,624
61.5
8,233
6.6

187.828
124,939
66.5
118,277
63.0
6.662
5.3

188,977
124,638
66.0
116,922
61.9
7,715
6.2

189.115
125.076
66.1
116,918
61.8
8,158
6.5

189,243
125.326
66.2
116,754
61.7
8.572
6.8

189.380
125,672
66.4
117,398
62.0
8,274
6.6

189,522
125.232
66.1
116,591
61.5
8,640
6.9

82,581
64,278
77.8
61,417
74.4
2,481
58,936
2,861
4.5

83,567
64,787
77.5
60,596
72.5
2,312
58,284
4,190
6.5

83,636
64,650
77.3
60.721
72.6
2,475
58,246
3,929
6.1

82,581
64.313
77.9
61,276
74.2
2,374
58,902
3,037
4.7

83,271
64,345
77.3
60.734
72.9
2,289
58,445
3,611
5.6

83,392
64.577
77.4
60,533
72.6
2,315
58,217
4.044
6.3

83,466
64,735
77.6
60,551
72.5
2,255
58,296
4.184
6.5

83,567
64,957
77.7
60,905
72.9
2,328
58,577
4.052
6.2

83,636
64.741
77.4
60,556
72.4
2,368
58,188
4,184
6.5

91,414
53,103
58.1
50,742
55.5
713
50.029
2,362
4.4

92,358
53,457
57.9
50,721
54.9
599
50.122
2.736
5.1

92,454
53.494
57.9
50,508
54.6
679
49,830
2,986
5.6

91.414
53.075
58.1
50,613
55.4
664
49.949
2,462
4.6

92.139
53,097
57.6
50.300
54.6
664
49,636
2,797
5.3

92,198
53,284
57.8
50,404
54.7
675
49,728
2*881
5.4

92.273
53,359
57.8
50,323
54.5
607
49,716
3,035
5.7

92,358
53,634
58.1
50,695
54.9
623
50,072
2.939
5.5

92,454
53.480
57.8
50,363
54.5
633
49,731
3,117
5.8

13.832
7,258
52.5
6,118
44.2
258
5,860
1,141
15.7

13,455
6,464
48.2
5,361
39.6
199
5,162
1.123
17.3

13,432
6,713
50.0
5.396
40.2
277
5,118
1.318
19.6

13,832
7.551
54.6
6,388
46.2
248
6,140
1,163
15.4

13,567
7,196
53.0
5.889
43.4
211
5,678
1.307
18.2

13,525
7,215
53.3
5,982
44.2
232
5.750
1,233
17.1

13,504
7,232
53.6
5,870
43.5
235
5.644
1,353
18.7

13,455
7,081
52.6
5,798
43.1
204
5.594

13,432
7.011
522
5.672
422
271
5,401
1,339
19.1

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutionaJ population ....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Agriculture
Nonagricuitural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




18.1

2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, ago, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

160.271
107.075
66.8
102.350
63.9
4,724
44

161.264
107,110
664
100.969
62.6
6,141
5.7

161,357
107.285
66.5
101,018
62.6
6.266
5.8

160.271
107,223
66.9
102.293
63.8
4,930
4.6

161.007
106,962
664
101,104
62.8
5.858
5.5

161.097
107,432
66.7
101.141
62.8
6,291
S3

161.179
107.488
66.7
100.870
62.6
6.617
62

161.264
107.678
66.8
101.455
62.9
6.223
5.8

161.357
107,491
66.6
100,944
62.6
6.547
6.1

55.902
78.3
53.739
755
2,163
3.9

56.213
77.9
52,966
73.4
3.247
5.8

56.207
77.9
53,164
73.7
3.023
54

55.872
785
53,593
75.1
2.279
4.1

55.836
77.6
53.010
73.7
2.826
5.1

56,000
77.8
52,801
73.3
3,198
5.7

56,151
77.9
52.828
73.3
3.323
5.9

56.310
78.1
53.179
73.7
3,131
5.6

56.210
77.9
53,025
73.5
3.185
5.7

44.894
57.7
43,208
55.6
1,686
3.8

45.272
57.7
43.255
552
2.016
4.5

45,253
57.7
43.061
54.9
2,192
4.8

44,861
57.7
43,086
554
1.775
4.0

44.888
574
42,841
54.8
2.047
4.6

45,211
57.8
43,019
55.0
2.192
4.8

45.186
57.7
42.892
54.8
2,294
5.1

45.304
57.8
43.169
55.1
2.136
4.7

45,242
57.7
42.932
54.7
2.310
5.1

6,278
56.3
5.403
48.5
875
13.9
14J0

5.625
52.4
4.748
442
877
15.6
16.5
14.7

5,825
545
4.774
44.5
1.051
18.0
19.4
16.6

6.490
582
5.614
504
876
13.5
14.1
125

6.238
574
5253
485
985
15.8
15.8
15.8

6,222
57.5
5,321
492
901
14.5
154
134

6.151
57.1
5.150
473
1.001
165
18.6
13.7

6,064
564
5.108
47.5
956
153
16.9
14.7

6.039
565
4.987
46.5
1.052
174
195
154

21.261
13.499
63.5
12.093
56.9
1.406

21.541
13.473
62.5
11.828
543
1,645
122

21.569
13.394
62.1
11,698
542
1.696
12.7

21.261
13,570
63.8
12,128
1,442
10.6

21.470
13.501
62.9
11.866
555
1,635
12.1

21.493
13,421
624
11.839
55.1
1.582
Hi

21.516
13,610
635
11.934
55.5
1.675
125

21.541
13.670
63.5
11,948
55.5
1.722

21.569
13.472
62.5
11,727
544
1,745
13.0

6.255
73.7
5.672
663
584
9.3

6.404
74.1
5.607
64J
797

6.269
72.7
5,497
63.7
772

6247
73.6
5.653
$6.6
594
9.5

6,313
73.5
5.602
652
712
115

6.366
73.9
5,649
65.6
717
115

6.395
74.1
5,672
65.7
723
115

6.416
742
5.647
655
769
12.0

6.265
72.6
5.475
63.5
790
123

6.459
60.8
5.874
55.3
585
9.1

6.397
592
5.771
534
626
9.8

6,431
59.5
5.743
53.1
688
107

6,486
61.1
5.888
554
598
92

6.374
595
5.738
534
636
10.0

6286
584
5.694
52.9
593
94

6.388
592
5.755
534
633
9.9

6.476
60.0
5,812
53.8
664
105

6,459
59.7
5,755
532
705
10.9

784
36.5
547
25.5
237
302
32.6
27*

673
3Z0
450
21.5
222
33.0
34.7
315

694
32.6
458
21.5
236
34.0
38.0
295

837
385
587
275
250
29.9
31.6
28.1

814
384
526
24.8
288
354
34.6
36.1

769
364
497
23.5
272
354
35.5
352

826
392
507
24.1
319
38.6
384
38.9

779
37.1
490
235
289
37.1
384
35.7

747
35.1
497
235
250
33.5
36.7
30.1

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
„
Employment-population ratio*....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

,
,

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force....
Panicfeation rate..
Enployed
Employment-population ratio^ .
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force.....
Participation rate....
ttTiployoo

WHi»ti#i*»"»*

Employment-population ratio2 .
Unemployed ,
Unemployment rate .

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force...
Participation rate....
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Men.,
Worn*

BUCK
Civilian nonlrtstrtutiortal population ,
Civilian labor force.
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed ..~.........
Unemployment rate .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate „
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed ,
Unemployment rale .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force „.„.««.—«.......«.„
Participation rate
Employed..
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployment rate .

57 JO

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force..
Pariicfcaiion rate..
Employed
„
Employment-population ratio 2 .
unemptoyea ,
Unemployment rate .
Men...
Women .....

See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

14.238
9,646
67.7
8.916
62.6
728
7.5

14,672
9.680
66.0
8.768
59.9
892
92

14.711
9.709
66.0
8.791
59.8
918
95

14.238
9.627
67.6
8.883
624
744
7.7

14.553
9.675
66.5
6.779
60.3
896
9.3

14.593
9.578
65.6
6.664
59.4
914
9.5

14.632
9.696
66.3
8.700
59.5
997
10.3

14.672
9.739
66.4
6.659
60.4
680
CO

14.711
9,695
65.9
8.756
59.5
939
9.7

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstftutional population
Civilian labor force
Particpation rate......................
Employed
»
„-„...
Employment-population ratio^ .
Unemployed .... ...
Unemployment rate

.............................
•»••
....................
—•
-

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore.
Identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstftutional
population.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups wil not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category

May

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

116.678
40,340
30.030

116,624
40.361
29,874

116.277

6.320

6,350

29.987

116.922
40.316
29.599

6.390

6,386

116.916
40,482
29.680

30,542
37.141
15.611
13,638
17.665
3.679

31.196
36.442
15.787
13,078
16,839
3.336

30,962
36.052
15,698
13,115
17.094
3.703

30.490
37.335
15,693
13.707
17.762
3,423

1.795
1.534
123

1.600
1.418

92

1,803
1,491
137

105.779
18.167
87,612
8.774
272

104.112
18,209
85.903
867
65,016
9,227
229

Al Industries:
Part time for economic reasons .
Slack work.
Coutd onty find part-time work.
Voluntary part time

4.565
2524
1,958
16.325

NonagricuRural industries:
Part time for economic reasons.
Stackwork.
CouW only find pa/Mime work.
Voluntary part time

4,419
2,132
1.914
15.742

1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

116.754

117,398

116,591

40596

40.502
29.762
6,371

40580
29,608
6,350

CHARACTERISTIC
Civiian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present......».,.,
Women who maintain families

118.277
40.922

30.256
6,394

40.854

634

29.514
6,470

30,699
36.360
15.746
13,399
17527
3.437

31.093
36.100
15,773
13,333
16.997
3*499

30,764
36565
15,948
13512
17.051
3,387

30.990
36,515
15382
13.197
17.150
3464

30,908
36533
15.793
13,181
17,188
3451

1.693
1,463
104

1.603

1.629
1,446
168

1.556

1,660
1450
95

1.703
1421
117

104.214
18.029
86.185
939
85.246
8.749
231

106,176
18.050
68.126

104,696
17.680
B7.01S

104,569
17,792
86,777
953
65,824
8,876
239

104,455
17^29
86.626

104.697
18,064

104.613
17,904

86,633

980

86.709
034

8,926
224

943
85.690
9509
213

85.775
8.732

5.817
3,261
2.290
16.244

6,163
3.303
2494
14319

6.162
3.383
2.462
15,027

5.932
3.138
2.556
14378

5,587
3.089
2.244
15312

5,889
3.107
2.404
14^52

5.956
3.181
2403
14,641

5.702
2,971
2483
14377

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support..
Service occupations .
Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....
Farming, forestry, and fishing

INDUSTRY AND C U S S OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers .
Setf-emptoyed workers.
Unpaid family workers
Nonagncukural industries:
Wage and salary workers -.
Government.
Private industries
Private households.
Other industries.
Setf-emptoyed workers...
Unpaid famNy workers ....

972
86.640

1.396
157

964

967

87,162

86,051

8.765
244

6738
232

5.564
2.859
2,382
15.605

4.659
2,443
2,095
15,557

5.510
2,906
14.833

6.062
3552
2.401
14,971

5,360
2.748
£300
15.061

4,689
2,306
2,045
15.002

5,178
2.692
2.133
14,461

5,803
3,067
2.349
14,528

1.412
134

85.646

206

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

1

Excludes persons "with a Job but not at work" during the survey period for




such reasons as vacation, Illness, or industriaJ dspute.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Category

Unemployment rates1

May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

6.662
3,668
3.037
2.994
2,462
1,163

8.274
4,743
4,052
3.531
2.939
1,283

8.640
4.957
4,184
3.683
3.117
1.339

5.3
5.4
4.7
5.3
4.6
15.4

6.2
6.3
5.6
6.1
5.3
18.2

6.5
6.9
6.3
6.1
5.4
17.1

6.8
7.2
6.5
6.4
5.7
18.7

6.6
6.9
6.2
6.2
5.5
18.1

6.9
7.2
6.5
6.5
5.8
19.1

1.375
1.112
521

1.850
1.398
701

1.870
1.428
639

3.3
3.6
7.5

4.0
4.1
9.0

4.3
4.4
9.1

4.5
4.8
9.0

4.4
4.5
9.9

4.4
4.6
9.1

5.262
1.363

6,804
1.457

6.983
1,604

4.9
7.4
6.0

6.0
7.7
7.0

6.4
7.6
7.5

6.5
9.1
7.7

6.3
8.1
7.6

6.5
9.0
7.7

637
1.478
779
1,612
192

824
2.020
1.123
2.085
239

940
2.024
1.144
1,961
263

2.0
3.B
5.4
8.3
5.3

2.7
4.5
7.3
10.0
7.6

2.4
5.0
7.6
11.6
7.9

2.7
5.3
7.6
11.2
9.1

2.6
5.2
7.8
10.8
6.5

3.0
5.3
8.0
10.2
7.1

5.135
1.936
28
722
1.186
710
476
3.199
218
1,472
1.509
464
149

6.476
2,602
58
902
1.642
1.053
589
3.874
354
1.728
1.791
596
182

6,714
2.537
48
893
1.596
976
620
4.177
366
1.829
1.982
601
215

5.5
6.7
3.7
11.3
5.5
5.5
5.4
5.0
3.3
6.2
4.4
2.5
8.1

6.4
8.2
7.5
14.5
6.4
6.8
5.9
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.9
3.0
11.9

6.9
9.1
6.0
15.5
7.4
8.1
6.5
5.9
5.3
7,4
5.0
32
11.5

7.2
9.0
7.1
14.1
7.6
8.2
G.8
6.4
5.5
7.9
5.6
3.7
13.8

7.0
9.2
7.5
15.0
7.6
8.3
6.6
6.0
5.4
7.3
5.2
3.2
9.9

7.2
9.0
6.4
14.7
7.4
7.7
7.0
6.4
5.5
7.7
5.7
3.2
11.2

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over ...„«.......».„.,..„,.
Men, 16 years and over............
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
„
Both sexes. 16 to 19 years
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

„

FulMime workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time tost2 .........

™..................^......
„

„

OCCUPATION3
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
.
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers *.«.............,.*........
Farming, forestry, and fishing
m

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
„
Mining
„
-.
Construction .....*.........»..~...................................
Manufacturing.................«.......*.......
.»*.•
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
„
Service-producing Industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries •
».........*............
Government workers ....................
............................
Agricuttural wage and salary workers
1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not
2

available because the seasonal components are small relative to the
trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be
separated with sufficient precision.

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Nurrtoers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Weeks of unemployment
May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

2.956
1.921
1.485
849

3,493
2.388
2,352
1.318
1.034

3.078
2,194
1,404

636

2.952
2.509
2.588
1.495
1.093

776
628

3,410
2,490
1.829
981
648

3.473
2,736
1.975
1.053
921

3.515
2.904
2.184
1,236
947

3.287
2.745
£229
1.226
1.003

3.654
2.717
2.234
1.206
1.028

12.1
5.3

14.8
8.1

13.4
6.6

11.6
6.3

12.4
5.9

12.8
6.1

13.0
6.6

13.7
7.0

12.9
6.5

100.0
46.5
30.2
23.3
13.3
10.0

100.0
36.7
31.2
32.2
18.6
13.6

100.0
42.4
29.0
28.6
16.0
12.6

100.0
46.1
32.9
21.0
11.6
9.4

100.0
44.1
32.2
23.7
12.7
11.0

100.0
42.4
33,4
24.1
12.9
11.3

100.0
40.9
33.8
25.4
14.4
11.0

100.0
39.8
33.2
27.0
14.8
12.1

100.0
42.5
31.6
26.0
14.0
11.9

Mar.

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks.
5 to 14 weeks .
15 weeks and over.
15 to 26v
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration. In weeks .
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.
Less than 5 weeks.
5 to 14 weeks .
15 weeks and over .
15 to 26 weeks ...
27 weeks and over




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Reason
May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

2,936
822
2,114
887
1.845
695

4,623
1.318
3.304
909
1.862
656

4,298
1,124
3,174
921
2,217
796

3.173
980
£193
1.017
1.828
677

4,068
1.131
2,938
899
2,044
672

4,515
1.485
3,031
989
1,994
633

4,703
1,430
3.273
1.080
2,090

4,528
1.370
3.158
987
2.053
741

4,657
1,343
3.314
1,053
2.202
779

100.0
46.1
12.9
33.2
13.9
29.0
10.9

100.0
57.4
16.4
41.1
11.3
23.1
8.1

100.0
52.2
13.7
38.6
11.2
26.9
9.7

100.0
47.4
14.6
32.8
15.2
27.3
10.1

100.0
53.0
14.7
38.2
11.7
26.6
8.7

100.0
55.5
18.3
37.3
12.2
24.5
7.8

100.0
54.9
16.7
38.2
1&6
24.4
8.2

100.0
54.5
16.5
38.0
11.9
24.7
8.9

100.0
53.6
15.5
38.1
12.1
25.3
9.0

2.4
.7
1.5
.6

3.7
.7
1.5
.5

3.4
.7
1.8
.6

2.5
.8
1.5
.5

3.3
.7
1.6
.5

3.6
.8
1.6
.5

3.8
.9
1.7
.6

3.6
.8
1.6
.6

3.7
.8
1.8
.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff .
Other job tosers.
Job leavers
Reentrants.
New entrants .
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers .
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers ,
Reentrants .
New entrants ,
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers ....
Reentrants .....
New entrants .

Table A-8. Rang* of unemployment measure* based on varying definitions o! unemployment and the labor fores, seasonally
(Peroent)
Quarterly averages
Measure

1990

Monthly data
1991

1991
Mar.

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a peroent of the dvllan
labor force.

1.1

1.1

1.3

U-2 Job bsers as a peroent of the civRian labor force —

.„

2.5

£5

2.7

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a peroent of the dvtttan
labor force for persons 25 years and over - » . — . — .
...

4.1

42

U-4 Unemployed fulMlme jobseekers as a percent of the fuMlms civilian
labor force
«_„»—„

5.0

5.0

5.2

U-5a Total unemployed ae a per cent of the labor force.
Inducing, the reeident Armed Forces
.

&2

52

5.5

5.3

5.3

5.6

5J

7.3

7.3

7.6

B.1

7.9

8.0

8.3

.-..—

Apr,

May

1.6

1.7

3.0

3.5

3.8

3.6

3.7

4.7

5.3

5.6

SA

5.5

5.7

6.3

as

63

6.5

6.4

6.8

6.5

6.8

6.5

6.8

6.6

6.9

9.0

0.3

9.8

NA

1.8

U-5b Total unemployed a» a percent of the civilian tabor
U-6 ToteJ ful-tlme jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time Jobseekers plus 1/2 total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor
force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force
U-7 Total ful-time jobseekars plus 1/2 part-time )obseekers plus 1/2 total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
peroent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
1/2 of the part-time labor force
N A - n o t available.




8.9

9.1

NA

0.2

NA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tabls A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands}

Sex and age

Unemployment rales1

May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Total, 16 years and over...
16 to 24 yean..,
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 yearn
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over „,
25 to 54 yean
55 years and over

6,662
2,358

8.274
2.680
1.283
578

8.640
2.864

5.3
11.0
15.4
19.4
13.3
8.6
4.1
4.3
3.1

62
12.4
18.2
19.6
16.7
9.5
5.0
52
34

6.5
12.6
17.1
16.9
16.9
10.5
5.3
5.6
3.8

5.4
11.4
16.0
19.8
14.2
6.8
4.1
4.3
3.4

6.3
13.2
18.2
18.7
16.8
10.7
5.1
5.2
3.7

6.9
13.8
17.7
19.1
16.8
11.8
5.6
5.9
4.2

12
14.9
20.7
25.0
18.2
11.8
5.8
6.1

4.6

5.6
5.9
44

72
14.5
21.1
212
21.7
112
5.8
6.1
4.7

5.3
10.6
14.7
19.0
12.4
8.4
4.1
4J3
2.6

6.1
11.6
18.1
20.7
16.7
8.1
4.9
5.2
Z9

6.1
11.7
164
144
17.1
9.1
4.9
52
3.3

6.4
11.4
16.6
16.3
16.8
8.6
5.3
5.6
3.6

16.9
204
14.9
8.1
52
5.5
3.0

6.5
13.1
16.9
19.5
15.8
11.1
5.1
54
3.3

1.163
575
614
1,195

5.678

3,614
474

5.117
588

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years ...
55 years and over.,

3.668

4,743
1,566

Women, 16 years and over .
16 to 24 yean
16 to 19 yean...
16 to 17 years.
16 to 19 y e a n .
20 to 24 y e a n .
25 yean and over..
25 to 54 yean .„
55 yean and over „

2.994
1.081
532
272
273
549
1,911
1,735
174

1

646
2.352
2.079
300

539
626

1,397

4,263

1,277
631
303
341

1.339

709

1,525
5.715
5.134

624
4,957
1,577
773
291
495
804

691
304
389
875
3.246
2.888

3.326
2.953

390

410

3.531
1.113
592
274
320
521
2.432
2.229
198

3.683
1.287

566
248
331
721
2.389
2.182
214

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

6.8

6.6

132
18.7
20.9
17.5
10.3

12.8
18.1
21.2
16.3
10.1
54
5.7
3.8

6.9
13.8

5.6
5.8
4.2

6.9
14.3
19.3
22.0
17.7
11.9

19.1
204
18.9
112
5.5
5.7
4.1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of m i l s Vietnam-era veterans and nonvstsrans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
CMIan labor force
Clvilan

Unemployed

noninstnuiionai
population

Veteran status
and age

Total

Employed

Percent of
labor force

Number

May
1990

May
1991

May
1990

May
1991

May
1990

May
1991

7,623
6.523
1446
3^26
1.751
1.100

7.777
6497
1,183
3.185
2,129
1280

6.930
6.164
1.338
3.199
1,626
787

7,039
6,145
1,101
3,017
£026
895

6.696
6.947
1290
3,091
1.567
749

6.738
5.865
1.022
2,903
1,940
874

234
217
49
109
60
17

17.137
7,882
5,039
4215

18.198
8281
5.728
4.189

16,015
7497
4,688
3.830

16.995
7334
5,365
3.795

16438
7242
4.524
3.671

16.119
7411
5.096
3.610

677
255
183
159

May
1990

May
1991

May
1990

May
1991

301
280
79
116
86
21

34
3.5
3.6
34
3.6
23

4.3
4.6
72
3.8
4.3

876
424
266
186

3.6
34
3.5
4.1

VIETNAM-ERA V E T E R A N S
Total 3 5 y e a n and O¥»r

,

T —-nr

3 5 ID 3 9 y e a n a......

......

,

40 » M ymn .™
451049 yean
50 yean and c"f T1

_
„,

—
-

-T

r-

— i , , , ^ ,„„,

24

NONVETERANS
35 to 39 yean

.

45 to 49 yean »

rt.

.—

-..
«.«_

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veteran* are men who served in the Armed Forces
between August 5. 1964 and May 7. 1975. Nonveterans are rmn who have
never served In the A/med Forces; published data are limfced to those 35 to 49




52
54
5.0
4.9

yean of age, the group that most doteiy corresponds to the bulk of the
Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A - 1 1 . Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States

(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted 2

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

21,877
14,750
13,964
766
5.3

22,321
14,664
13,580
1,084
7.4

22,363
14,655
13,535
1,120
7.6

21,877
14,753
13,960
793
5.4

22.202
14,690
13,658
1,032
7.0

22,242
14,855
13,763
1,092
7.4

22,281
14,666
13,542
1,124
7.7

22,321
14,740
13,644
1,096
7.4

22.363
14,655
13,530
1,125
7.7

10,091
6.302
5,960
342
5.4

10.305
6,331
5,915
416
6.6

10,324
6,403
5,943
460
7.2

10,091
6,299
5,940
359
5.7

10,248
6.433
6,039
394
6.1

10,267
6,376
5,923
453
7.1

10,285
6,421
5,940
481
7.5

10,305
6,357
5,922
435
6.8

10,324
6,405
5.927
478
7.5

8,867
5,965
5,640
324
5.4

8,906
6,017
6,628
389
6.5

8,910
5,950
5,597
353
5.9

6,867
5,991
5.666
325
5.4

8,897
6,050
5,641
409
6.8

8,900
6,086
5,729
357
5.9

6,903
6,093
5,676
417
6.8

8,906
6,045
5,657
388
6.4

8,910
5,979
5.623
356
6.0

4.619
3,190
3,027
163
5.1

4,622
3,111
2.852
260
8.3

4,623
3,124
2,836
288
9.2

4,619
3,198
3,022
176
5.5

4,622
3,114
2.846
268
8.6

4,622
3,114
2.625
289
9.3

4,622
3.145
2,841
304
9.7

4,622
3,115
2,855
260
8.3

4,623
3,130
2,628
302
9.6

6,997
4.550
4,228
322
7.1

7.012
4,499
4.065
434
9.7

7,014
4,494
4,090
405
9.0

6,997
4,598
4,246
352
7.7

7,009
4,553
4,225
328
72

7.010
4,582
4,132
450
9.8

7,011
4,710
4,207
503
10.7

7,012
4,593
4,129
464
10.1

7.014
4,545
4,110
435
9.6

6,028
4,019
3.834
185
4.6

6,025
3.992
3,749
243
6.1

6,025
3,975
3,716
259
6.5

6,028
4,025
3,832
193
4.8

6,027
4,015
3,757
258
6.4

6.026
3.947
3,698
249
6.3

6.026
3,987
3,717
270
6.8

6,025
4,034
3,773
261
6.5

6.025
3.985
3,716
269
6.8

13,800
8,635
8,195
441
5.1

13,799
8,594
7,968
626
7.3

13,799
8,616
7,979
637
7.4

13,800
8,738
8,292
446
5.1

13,801
8,519
7,969
550
6.5

13,801
8,607
8,077
530

13,800
8,645
8,054
591
6.8

13,799
8,724
8,072
652
7.5

13,799
8»712
8.071
641
7.4

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
............
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
*•
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor foroa
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




62

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted2

May
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

May
1990

Jan.
1991

Feb.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

4,991
3,439
3,308
132
3.8

5.048
3,383
3.193
190
5.6

5,053
3,424
3,196
228
6.6

4,991
3,431
3.297
134
3.9

5,033
3,376
3,209
167
4.9

5,038
3.436
3.253
183
5.3

5,043
3,402
3,210
192
5.6

5,048
3,417
3,221
196
5.7

5,053
3,412
3,183
229
6.7

8,281
5,409
5,104
305
5.6

8.304
5,473
5,087
386
7.1

8,306
5.445
5,153
292
5.4

8.281
5.429
5.112
317
5.8

8.299
5.383
5,065
318
5.9

8,301
5,384
5,007
377
7.0

8,302
5,470
5,073
397
7.3

8,304
5,523
5,124
399
7.2

8,306
5,467
5,163
304
5.6

9,385
5,889
5,604
285
4.8

9.407
5,911
5,507
404
6.8

9,409
5,938
5.491
447
7.5

9,385
5,920
5,622
298
5.0

9,402
5,853
5.482
371
6.3

9,404
5.925
5,526
399
6.7

9,405
5,822
5,389
433
7.4

9.407
5.960
5,537
423
7.1

0,409
5.969
5,510
459
7.7

12.351
8,410
7,887
523
6.2

12,496
8,619
8,025
594
6.9

12,509
8.540
8,000
540
6.3

12.351
8.417
7,889
528
6.3

12.458
8,511
7,964
547
6.4

12,471
8,541
8,071
470
5.5

12,483
8,623
8,050
573
6.6

12,496
8,692
8,074
618
7.1

12.509
8.546
8,000
546
6.4

North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutionai population ,
Civilian labor force
,
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutionai population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs,
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore.




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries.

Mar.
1991

I Hay
1990

lApp.
|1991o/

May
I99l£/

May
1990

Jan.
1991

I Fab. I Mar. I Apr.
I 1991 I 1991 I

110,721 108,147 108,576 109,195 110,304 109,4181109,160 108,9021108,7221108,781
I
91,826 89,373 89,815 90,395 91,764 91,053 90,7711 90,495 90,3021 90,351
23,564 23,792 25,141 24,181 24,059 23,877 23,7931 23,812

»,!»{ ».»X|

mi

711
714
715
704
713
704
7121
6991
Mining
401
394
402
393.7
389.91 395.6! 394.6
400
Oil and gas extraction.
3991 4,792
4,7201 4.683
4,7291 5.203
5.2381 4,3661 4,547
Construction
4,797
1,210
1,1961 1,184
1,321.011,121.4 1,140.4 1,171.31 1,325
1,221
General building contractors
19,178 18,316 18,313 18,359 19,225 18,671 18,532 18,4431 18,399
Manufacturing
...
13,030 12.319 12,330 12,377 13,0681 12,604 12,488 12,4241 12,404
Production workers
11.215 10,534 10,541 10,5661 11,2121 10,7701 10,6521 10,5841 10,562
Durable goods
7,000
6,9621 7,4491 7,098
6,914
6,9561 6,949
7,455
6,933
Production workers
694
696
7501
695.31
7061
682.5
6921
Lumber and wood products
748.31 675.6
5151
481
482
490|
480.51
479.2
479|
479.9
Furniture and fixtures
512.4
5621
509.0i 518.8
5321
524.11
521
5201
527
Stone, clay, and glass products
I 566.7
723.71 722.01 723.11
759
7241
723
726
7401
Primary metal industries
I 758.4
261.2
2621
276
2711
264
263
261.91 263.11
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.I 275.1
1,3561 1,353
1,3891 1,365
Fabricated metal products
11.431.7 1.350.511,350.011.353.41 1,433
2,0241 2,008
2,048) 2,036
12,109,1 2,028.3 2,011.611,999.61 2,106
Industrial machinery and equipment
- 1,689
1,599| 1,597
1,621) 1,611
Electronic and other electrical equipment 11,682.6 1,594.1 1,590.3 1,588.21
1,8461 1,845
1.888! 1,859
Transportation equipment
12,020.711,833.3 1.848.4 1,869.21 2,011
738
784.2!
7631
829
756.8
746
838.51 732.0
753
Motor vehicles and equipment
978
969.91 1,009
9851
974.2
11,007.91 976.6
982
976
Instruments and related products
366
362.4
371
378
I 577.31 363.8
362.9
368
Miscellaneous manufacturing
,
364
m
7,793
7.782
7,901
8,013
7.772
Nondurable goods
7,837
7,880
7,859
5,415
5,405
5,619
5,488
5,506
5,397
5,455
5,468
Production workers

I ».,«!

Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries.

85,593

84,766

x

preliminary.




697
483
520
724
264
1,355
1,998
1,595
1,860
775
971
363
7,845
5,461

1,672
48
661
1,006
691
1,545
1,089
159
849
119

1,679
48
663
1,011
688
1,542
1,085
852
119

85,237

85,121

85,025

84,929

84,969

5,866
3,591
2,275

5,834
3,562
2,272

5,824
3,549
2,275

5,815
3,545
2,270

6,062
3,525
2*537
18,9901 19,093
2,295.7)2,283.9
3,200.0 3,191.8
2,011.112,019.5
6,416.316,528. 3
6,685
6,689
3,284
3,281
2,138
2,131
1,263
1,277

6,076
3,527
2,549

6,212
3,635
2,577

6,138
3,576
2,562

6,119
3,562
2,557

6,105
3.550
2,555

6,082
3,532
2,550

5,822
3,556
2,266
6,079
3,527
2,552

19,293 19,701 19,542 19,464

6,063
3,536
2,527

P

1,679
48
660
1,0091
6931
1,5481
1,0911
158|
852
121

10,566
6,959

5,820
3,546
2,274

6,211
3,636
2,575

Government
Federal
State
Local

1,679
49
661
1,010
694
1,553
1,0931
1581
861
122

18,411
12,420

85,163

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods.

Servi ces
Business services*
Health services

1,673
49
667
1,012
696
1,560
1,094
158
8681
124

4,696
1,175

5,824
3,560
2,264

5,764
3,503
2,261

19,687
2,453.8
3,207.2
2,089.1
6,648.5

1,668
49
694
1,048
700
1,577
1,093
157)
*92
135

705
397

5,781
3,520
2,261

5,821
3,549
2,2721

Finance, insurance, and. real estate
Finance
Insurance
Raal estate

1,635.2
44.2
661.5
1,013.2
685.
1,540.
1,083.
158.
851.
119.
85,012 85,403

11,625.4(1,619
.911,616 .
j 5,5751
I 45.3) 46.51 44.
t 693.11 657.61 659
11,050.5 1,009.011,008
688.71 686.
f 696.6
11,575.1 1,547.711,544.
11,091.8 1,087.611,086.
154.81 157.5
I 157.5
892.11 849.9) 848.8
135.31 120.3
119.0

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
,
Communications and public utilities

Retai 1 trade '.
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
Eating and drinking places

I May
Il991fi/

2,289.0
3,203.1
2,034.4
6 ,659.8

2,528
3,227
2,085
6,547

2,431
3,243
2,055
6,608

2,415
3,237
2,042
6,5821

19,378
2,396
3,245
2,036
6,561

19,325
2,372
3,227
2,030
6,561

19,312
2.357
3,222
2,030
6,561

6,712
3,283
2,133
1,296

6,739
3,299
2,114
1,326

6,736
3,296
2,136
1,304

6,7321
3,2951
2,1371
1,3001

6.735
3,297
2.140
1.298

6,718
3,294
2,133
1,291

6,714
3,290
2,133
1,291

28,242 28,490 2t,626 28,698
5,225.9 5,180.1 5,205.5 5,261.6
7,782.3 8,105.4 8,133.1 8,171.9
18,895 18,774 18.761 18,800
2.939
3,354
2,956
2,947
4,472
4,346
4,416
4,461
11,1951 11,363 11.353 11,428

28,151
5,237
7,794

28,590
5,271
8,061

28,5831 28,576
5,256
5,254
8,089
8,114

28,569
5,258
8,149

28,612
5,272
8,180

18,540
3,347
4,287
10,906

18,365 18,389
2,952
2,951
4,352| 4,354
11,061 11,084

18,407 18,420
2.951
2,953
4,359
4,348
11,0971 11,119

18,430
2.947
4,355
11.128

I

6,737
3,291
2,114
1,332

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupcrvisory workers!/ on private nonferm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

I
I

I
May
1990

I Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

IMay
1991

Seasonally adjustad
May
1990

Jan.
1991

Fab.
1991

Mar.
1991

Apr.
199l

May
1991fi/

54.4

34.0

34.1

34.2

34.5

54.1

34.5

34.2

34.0

34.5

Mining

43.2

44.0

43.8

43.9

43.5

44.4

44.9

44.6

44.2

44.5

Construction.

38.3

37.2

37.8 I

38.3

C2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(Z)

Manufacturing
Ovartima hours.

•40.9
3.6

40.1
5.1

40.1
3.1

40.3
3.2

40.9
5.8

40.
5.

40.3
3.3

40.3
3.3

40.3
5.5

40.4
5.4

Ourabla goods
Overtime hours,

41.5
3.8

40.5
3.1

40.6
3.1

40.7
3.2

41.6
5.9

40.

40.7
5.2

40.6
3.2

40.7
3.3

40.7
3.3

40.6
38.5
42.4
43.0
45.6
41.6
42.0
40.6
42.8
43.8
40.8
39.5

38.9
37.9
40.7
41
41
40.4
41
40.1
41.0
40.5
40.9
39.3

39.5
38.4
41.2
41.3
41.2
40.6
41.2
40.2
41.2
41.3
40
39.2

39
38
41
41,
41
40,
41,
40,
41
41.8
40.5
39.4

40.4
59.2
42.1
45.0
43.6
41.7
42.1
40.9
42.5
39.4

59.
38.
41.
42.
42.
40.
41.
40.
41.
41.
40.
39.

39.3
37.5
41.7
41.5
41.5
40.7
41 "
40
41.0
40.9
41.0
39.3

39.2
38.2
41.
41.
41.
40.
41.
40.
40.
40.
40.
39.

59.3
38.9
41.2
41.5
41.4
40.7
41.3
40.6
41
41
40
39.3

39.4
39.0
41.6
41.4
41.1
40.7
41.3
40.6
41.1
41.2
40.8
39.5

40.0
5.4

39.6
3.2

39.5
3.2

39.7
5.3

40.1
3.6

39.
3.

39.8
3.4

39.

39.8
3.4

3

40.7
59.1
40.1
56.5
45.2
57.6
42.4
44
41
37,

39.9
38.2
39.2
36.4
42.
37.7
42.7
43.9
40.5

39.8
57.7
39.6
36.3
42.7
37.4
42.5
44.4
40.6
36.7

40.3
3
38.2
40
36
42.9
2
37
42.
44.0
40.8
37.0

40.S.
(2)
40.2
36.5
45.3
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.4
37.4

40.7
(2)
39.4
36.3
43.0
37.7
42.6
(2)
40.8
36.9

40.6
(2)
39.2
36.5
43.0
37.6
42.4
(2)
40.6
37.2

40.
(2)
39.
36.
43.2
37.6
42.7
(2)
40.6
37.1

40.4
(2)
39.6
36.4
43.0
37.5
42.4
(2)
40.7

40.4
(2)
40.2
36.7
43.1
37.5
42.5
(2>
40.8
37.0

38.5

38.7

39.2

38.7

38.6

38.6

37.9

38.0

38.0

37.9

37.9

38.1

28.3

28.6

28.5

28.3

28.6

28.6

55.6

55.6

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.3

32.3

32.5

32.2

32.5

52.4

Total privat*.

Lumbar and wood products.
Furnitura and fixtures
Stone* clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic staal products.
Fabricated natal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing end publishing
Chemicals and alliad products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities.

39.0

Wholesale trade

38.0

Retail trade

28.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate.

55.6

Services

32.3

X/
Data relate to production workers in wining and
manufacturing* construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and .
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance* and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonfarn payrolls.
2/ These series are not published seasonally




I

36.7
38.3
37.9
28.1
35.6

j 32.3

37.1
38.5
37.9
28.4

!:S

38.9
38.1
28.7
(2)

(2)
32.2

32.5

adjusted sines the seasonal component is small relative
to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
p • preliminary.
NOTEi Data have been revised to reflect March 1990
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers.!/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

I

I

Total private
Seasonally adjusted.
Mining.
Construction

I

May
1990

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay* and glass products...........
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products

I Apr. I
| May
I199l£/ |199l£/

May
1990

Apr.
1991 E /

| Mar.
| 1991

I

$342.62|$348.16 $350.89 $352.26
344.31 350.21 349.52 353.98

$10.29
10.28

$10.30
10.32

13.60 I 14.09

14.09

13.99

587.52

619.96

617.14

614.16

13.99 I 13.97
I
11.10
11.15

525.86

518.201 528.82

535.05

441.72

443.511 445.11

449.35

11.64
9.18
8.70
11.31
13.22
15.27
11.11
12.11
10.63
14.52
14.99
11.66
8.78

470.20
369.46
328.25
471.06
552.12
640.92
449.28
491.40
414.53
604.76
645.17
457.37
337.59

469.80
353.99
328.59
455.84
545.24
629.97
447.63
503.40
423.06
591.63
602.24
478.12
344.27

472.58
362.61
334.08
465.97
545.99
629.12
451.07
498.93
427.33
598.22
619.09
475.73
344.18

477.00
365.90
333.80
474.01
548.96
627.19
454.62
499.76
430.40
611.48
642.88
473.04
347.51

403.20
391.13
665.87
320.00
240.17
529.20
419.99
571.13
711.33
402.41
259.13

409.86
391.021
662.771
319.871
241.331
537.571
428.271
591.401
748.931
405.41

410.01
391.23
662.01
324.72
243.94
536.31
424.49j
593.731
754.801
407.221
263.141

412.88
398.16
681.11
329.22
247.36
543.11
422.94
594.87
733.04
410.04
264.92

10.80
11.33
9.10
8.46
11.11
12.84
14.70
10.80
11.70
10.21
14.13
14.73
11.21
8.59
10.08
9.61
17.03
7.98

6.58
12.25
11.17
13.47
16.13
9.72

6.91

Transportation and public utilities.

12.83

Wholesale trade

10.72

Retail trade

6.73

Finance, insurance, and real estate.

9.89

Services

9.75

JL' See footnote 1, table B-2.
P = preliminary.

I

13.93
11.06
11.60
9.10
8.67
11.20
13.17
15.18
11.08
12.13
10.55
14.43
14.87
11.69
8.76
10.35
9.80

17.35
8.16
6.63
12.56
11.36
13.85
17.06
10.01
7.11
13.15
11.06
6.91
10.33
10.16

I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I

10.38
9.83
17.56
8.20
6.72
12.56
11.35
13.97
17.00
10.03
7.17

I 13.20
I 11.12
6.98
10.37
10.19

11.72
9.24
8.67

11.34
13.26
15.26
11.17
12.13
10.68
14.77
15.38
11.68
8.82
10.40
9.88
17.83
8.21
6.74
12.66
11.40
14.03
16.66
10.05
7.16
13.17
11.13
6.98
10.38
10.18

500.37
407.36

260.94
503.65

508.20J 509.68
421.45

422.94

197.53
194.17
367.751 369.17

199.63

352.08
314.93

328.171 329.14

328.81

193.15

419.17

Total privatei
j
Current dollars
I
Constant (1982) dollars^/
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime^/
Transportation and public utilities!
Wholesale trade
|
Retai 1 trade
|
Finance* insurance, and real estate!
Servi ces
I

May
1990

Jan.
1991

| Feb.
| 1991

$9.98 $10.18 $10.20
7.58
7.42J
7.43
13.63
14.041 13.99
13.77
13.951 13.97
10.80
11.021 11.03
10.33
10.581 10.59
12.901 13.151 13.13
10.731 11.001 11.05
6.741
6.861
6.87
9.881 10.171 10.22
9.781 10.031 10.07

Mar.
1991

•10.24
7.46
14.03
13.97
11.05
10.61
13.16
11.07
6.90
10.32
10.13

Apr.
199l£/

$10.28
7.47
14.02
14.05
11.11
10.64
13.20
11.08
6.97
10.29
10.16

May
199l£/

$10.32
N.A.
$14.02
14.01
11.15
10.70
13.24
11.14
6.99
10.37
10.211

Percent
change
from i
Apr. 1991May 1991

0.4
(3)
.0
-."3
.4
.6
.3
.5
.3
.8
.5

L
1/ See footnote 1, table B-2.
g/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers CCPI-W) is
used to deflate this series.
1/ Change was 0.1 percent from March 1991
to April 1991. the latest month available.
£/ Derived by assuming that overtime




369.53

NOTE* Data have been revised to reflect March 1990
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors..

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or- nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

May
9

$9.96 1*10.24
9.98 I 10.24

I 13.73

Manufacturing.

I

I Mar.
I 1991

hours are paid at' the rate of time and onehalf.
N.A. = not available.
£/ = preliminary.
NOTE* Data have been revised to reflect
March 1990 benchmarks and updated seasonal
adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B~5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry
(1982-100)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
I May Mar.
11990 1991

Apr.
1991 £ /

May
199l£/

1123.7 118.3

119.3

120.7

1110.8

99.4

100.8

102.7

62.9

62.5

62.8

62.6

Construction

141.8 110.2

117.7

Manufacturing

107.4

99.6

99.8

Total private
Goods-producing industries.
Mining.

107.2 97.0
Durable goods
132.3 113.0
Lumber and wood products
123.6 111.6
Furniture and fixtures
113
Stone, clay- and glass products
95.9
93
Primary metal industries
85.71
82
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
74,01
109,
Fabricated metal products
98.81
98,
Industrial machinery and equipment
92.91
Electronic and other electrical equipment. 107,
99.31
Transportation equipment
106.01
136! 107, 2
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
87,
84 0
Miscellaneous manufacturing
96.4
1101.
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products

.1107. 51103.2
.1106. 21104.2
.1 63.
64.4
.1 99.
91
. ) 94. 90,
.1109. 107,
.1127. 124.2
.1104. 102.9
. ! 87. 82.6
.1129. 119.21
.1 64.
55.11

i
|
Jan. I Feb. |Mar. Apr.
1991 1991 11991

124.0 121.3 121.5 120.9
111.0 104.4 104.0 102.7

120.0

121.1

102.5

103.0

64.2

63.5

125.5

140.4 125.0 126.91123.2

122.4

124.2

100.5

107 91102

100.7

101.1

103, 8
106. 2
59, 8
94, 3
91. 3
107, 6
120, 8
101, 8
85. 9*
120, 8
55, 2

63.7

64.9

101.61100.9

I

107 31100
98.8 97.8
132 11120
118.6 117.0
126 01115 91111
112.6.
111 01102 11102,
99.91
94 31 89 01 86,
85.7
82 81 79 II 74
74.7
109 4(103
100
99.9.
98 5| 93
93
92.51
108 21101, 101
99.7
122 11111, 108 0)106.3
131 91114. 108
108.1
88 4| 84, 84
84.8
98
101. 6 98.
96.9

98.0
117.7
115.3
99.9
85.6
74.3
99.9
91.3
100.7
107

113.0
84.1
96.9

105.5 105.2i 104.6
111.0 111.01 109.8
70.7 67.21 66.2

Wholesale trade

1108.7 105.9
1110.3 110
| 69.5 71.8
| 99.6 93.7
! 94.2 89.9
t110.9 109.9
1128.4 125.1
|104.9 103.4
| 86.9 84.5
1129.5 123.4
! 63.8
57.4
I
.1129.51126.71 127.6 I 128.7 1129.8
128.9
I
I I
I
.1115.21111.9 112.8
114.2 115.6 115.3
.1116.2)112.7 112.9
113.4 116.51114.7

Retail trade

.1123.3 115.9

117.2

119.8

123.71120.3 121.1 120.6] 119.4

Finance, insurance* and real estate.

120.1 118.5

118.8

119.2

121.01120.4 120.21119.91 118.3

Services

144.7 145.4

146.4

146.6

144.9(145.8 146.91146.51 145.4

Service-producing industries
Transportation and Public utilities.

J_
1/
p

s

See footnote 1* table B-2.
preliminary.




May
1991fi/

65.41 65.0

98
97.5
119
116.1
114
113.6
102
99.6
85.1
85
73.9
73.7
100,
99.3
91 3 ! 90.
99.6 I 99.
110.9
108.2
121.1
114.2
82.2
83.3
96.3
96.2
102.9
103.6
60.6
92
90
107
122
102
85
119
54.5

May
1990

92.3
90.3

92.3!
90.5!

93.0
90.0

109.9 109.7! 108.8
124,4 123.51 122.7
102.8 103.11 102.4
85191 86.31 86.9
121.61119.7! 119.6

55.9!

57.0

129.4 129.0
114.3 114.1
114.2 114.3

I

98.2

119.0
116.5
100.6
85.7
74.1
100.1
90.3

100.8
108.9
117.3
83.4
97.0

105,
110,
66.0
94.
91.1
108.9
122.1
102.1
85.9
120.8

55.3

55.1

127.9

129.2

113.6

114.9

113.2

!

113.8
120.4
120.1
146.9

NOTEt Data have been revised to reflect March 1990
benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

I Mar.

Apr.

May

| June

I July

I Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls* 356 industries^/
1

1

Over 1-month spam
1989. . .
1990. . .
1991...

64 S
1 53 1
38 5

59 0
58 , 1
36 .9

Over 3-month spam
1989. ..
1990. ..
1991. . .

«7
1 58
1 31 6

61 .1
56 .?
65 ?
54 .4
50 ,7
59 0
30 .8 E'29 .6 E'37 .2

Over 6-month spam
1989 . .
1990
1991.. .

67 7
56 6
fi/26 4

n
ft*.
55 .2
.2
E'30

63
55

65. ^
54. 6

65
54 .5

62 ?
51 .4

Over 12-month s p a m
1989
1990
1991

53.8
48.3

52.9
46.6

54.6
47.8

49.2
45.1

56.6
41.4

59.6
40.3

52.1
42.0

48.7

53.9
49.4

54.9
45.6

52.5
43.7

55.9
40.0

56.0
37.4

55.8
35.8

59.1
35.1

59 n
51 .8

56.5
47.6

53.4
44.9

54.5
42.7

55.9
38.6

53.8
37.2

58.1
34.8

57.9
30.9

59.1
28.8

61
48

61.5
46.6

59.6
43.5

57.6
40.3

56.7
35.8

55.8
34.1

56.0
2/30.2

55.5
fi/31.0

55.6

52.7
58 .7 !
» .9
52.8
52 .? 1 48 .7
38 .6 [fi'37 .5 E/50.8

Manufacturing payrolls , 139 industries!/
Over 1-month span:
1989
1990
1991

58.
46. n
31. 7

50 7
51 1
28 .4

Over 3-month spant
1939
1990 . ..
1991

56. S
45. 0
19. 4

54
43 .2
16 .5

Over 6-month
1989
spam
1990
1991

57. 9
39. 9
|fi/10.4

Over 12-month spam
1989 ...
1990
1991

53. 6 1
| 35. 3 1

48 9
41 4
29 .9

47.1
47 s
41.7
47 tl
£/38 .1 fi/50.7

49 ,.t
43
38
45 .0
.7 E'33
fi/18

:J

44.2
43.2

45.7
40.3

38.8
38.8

4*7
34.5

48.6
27 3

45 3
33 8

42.8
38.1

42.1
37.4

40.3
35.6

36.3
31.3

39.9
27.0

41.0
23.0

41 0
21.6

41 7
18.5

38 8
17.3

39 6
16.2

39 6
11.9

36 5
fi/9.7 e'io.4

32.7

51 ft
36
£'17 .6

48 <S
37 .1

45 0
40 .3

41.7
32.4

38.1
30.6

38.1
24.1

38.1
20.5

35.6
21.2

56 1
33 .5

51 It
31

46 4
29 .5

44.6
25.2

41.7
20.9

38.1
19.8

35.3
14.0

34 9
12.9

1/ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-,
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month
span. Data are centered within the span.
P * preliminary.
NOTEi Figures are the percent of industries with
employment increasing plus one-half of the industries




44.2
39.6

with unchanged e«ploywent, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment. Data have
been revised to reflect March 1990 benchmarks
and updated seasons1 adjustment factors.