Full text of The Employment Situation : May 1990

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Bureau of Labor Statistics

United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical information (202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
Media contact:
523-1913

USDL 90-279
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UJNTTIL
8:30 A.M. (EOT), FRIDAY,
JUNE 1, 1990

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

MAY 1990

Employment showed little growth in May and unemployment was about
unchanged, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today. Both the overall jobless rate and the civilian worker rate
were 5.3 percent. There have been few changes in unemployment for over a
year and a half.
Private sector employment, as reported by the survey of business
establishments, was about unchanged in May, the third successive month of
weakness. Government employment rose by 155,000; nearly all of this
increase resulted from additional hiring of temporary workers to assist
with the 1990 decennial census- Total civilian employment, as measured by
the survey of households, rose by 230,000 in May, following a decline of a
similar magnitude in April.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons, 6.7 million, and the civilian worker
unemployment rate, 5.3 percent, were essentially unchanged in May, after
seasonal adjustment. The rate has hovered between 5.0 and 5.4 percent for
the past 21 months. Jobless rates for all major worker groups—adult men
(4.7 percent), adult women (4.6 percent), teenagers (15.5 percent), whites
(4.6 percent), blacks (10.4 percent), and Hispanics (7.7 percent)—also
showed little or no change in May. (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
The median duration of unemployment edged up in May to 5.4 weeks.
About 1.4 million, or 1 in 5 unemployed workers, had been jobless for 15
weeks or longer, a situation that has prevailed for the past year* and a
half. (See table A-7.)
Civilian Bnployment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total civilian employment rose by 230,000 in May to a seasonally
adjusted level of 118.4 million. The proportion of the working-age
population that is employed (the employment-population ratio) was little
changed at 63.0 percent; it has fluctuated around this high level for the
past 15 months. (See table A-2.)
The civilian labor force, at 125.0 nullion, and the labor force
participation rate, at 66.6 percent, were little changed ovei' the month.



- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data

Quarterly
averages
Category

i

1989
IV

1

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Apr.May
change

1990

I 1990
I

Mar.

! Apr,

1

May

Thousands of persons
126,0981
119,474!
124,3941
117,770!
6,624!
62,624!
827!

Total employment 1/.
Civilian labor force.•
Civilian ernployment.
Not in labor force....
Discouraged workers.

126,3001
119,758!
124,6191
118,077!
6,541!
62,7931
747!

126,498;
120,003!
124,829!
118,334
6,495:
62,700i
N.A.!

126,5431 126,6431
119,7731 119,989!
124,886! 125,004!
118,116! 118,3501
6,770! 6,653:
62,783; 62,824,
N.A. !
N.A.!

100
216
118
234
-117
41
N.A.

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All civilian workers
!
!
White
;
Black
!
Hispanic origin... !
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

5.3!
5.2!
5.3!
5.2!
4.61
4.6!
4.8:
4.7!
15.2!
14.5!
.4.5:
4.6:
lltfrf^—10.8!
8.11
7.5!

:

5.11
5.2!
4.51
4.7!
14.41
4.5:
10.61
7.7;

5.31
5.4!
4.8!
4.8!
14.71
4.8;
10.4;
8.0!

5.31
.0
5.3! -0.1
4.7! -.1
4.61 -.2
15*5; .8
4.6: -.2
10.41
.0
7.7! -.3

Thousands of jobs

Nonfarm employment.... ! 109,3981 110,221! 110,427!pllO,404:P110,5681 P 164
! 25,5811 25,603! 25,606! p25,491! p25,439i p-52
! 83,816! 84,617! 84,821! p84,913: p85,129 p216
Service-producing
;

Hours of work

Average weekly hours:
!
:
I

34.6!
40.7:
3.7!

34.6!
40.7:
3.61

\J Includes the resident Armed Forces.
N.A.=not available.




34.6;
40.8:
3.6!

P 34.6!

p40.7:
p3.5!

p34.6l p.O
p4i.i; pb.4
p4.0I p.5

p=preliminary-

- 3 -

Over the past 12 months, the labor force has increased by 1.4 million, with
adult women accounting for about 70 percent of the gain. (See tabie A-2.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
With the addition of an estimated 145,000 temporary census workers,
total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 165,000 in May to a level of
110,6 million, after seasonal adjustment. Private payrolls, however, were
little changed, following a loss of 125,000 jobs (as revised) in the
previous month. (See table B-l.)
In May, the goods-producing sector suffered employment declines for
the seventh month out of the last nine. Manufacturing employment fell by
35,000, with small losses throughout both the durable and nondurable goods
components. Since reaching a post-recession peak in March 1989, 310,000
factory jobs have been lost; industries hardest hit include electrical
equipment (-85,000), motor vehicles (-55,000), apparel (-50,000),
fabricated metals (-35,000), and textile mills (-25,000). Reflecting
continued weakness in the housing market, the construction industry added
fewer workers than usual in May, resulting in a seasonally adjusted
employment decline of 20,000. Mining employment rose slightly and has
increased by 35,000 over the past year.
In the service-producing sector, government jobs rose by 155,000, with
almost all of the net additions being temporary census workers. Elsewhere
in the sector, employment in wholesale trade increased by 15,000 in May,
with most of the increase in the nondurable goods component. For the
second straight month, employment was little changed in transportation and
public utilities and in finance, insurance, and real estate. Retail trade
payrolls were also unchanged in May. Employment in this industry has been
weak for the past 4 months, particularly in its general merchandise stores
component, where 55,000 jobs have been lost. In the services industry,
employment rose by only 35,000, following a small decline in the previous
month. May gains were concentrated in health services, which added 45,000
workers; over the past year, health services accounted for half of the
employment gain in the services industry and a third of the increase in
total private jobs.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in May at 34.6 hours, seasonally
adjusted, and has shown little movement thus far in 1990. The
manufacturing workweek rose 0.4 hour in May to 41.1 hours, as factory
overtime climbed 0.5 hour to 4 hours. These increases were paced by large
gains in overtime hours that were principally in the durable goods sector,
particularly in motor vehicles and steel. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or
nonsupervisory workers was unchanged in May at 130.0 (1977=100), after
seasonal adjustment. The manufacturing index rose 0.7 percent to 94.8, as
the increase in hours more than offset the decline in employment. (See
table B-5.)



- 4 -

Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Both hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose 0.4 percent in May, on a
seasonally adjusted basis. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly
earnings rose 2 cents to $9.98 and average weekly earnings advanced b9
cents to $344.31. Both series increased by 4.1 percent over the past 12
months• (See tables B-3 and B-4.)

Note on Establishment Survey Data
Establishment survey data will be revised based on 1989 benchmark
levels with the release of August data in September. The revision will
also incorporate the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification codes.

The Employment Situation for June 1990 will be released on Friday,
July 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EOT).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People arc classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
'Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
4

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BI s. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum o r eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonally), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for 6
months, along with the introduction of new benchmarks, which are
discussed at the end of the next section, and again with the release
of data for October. In both surveys, revisions to data published
over the previous 5 years are made once a year.

Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment .surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.

Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, m s regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
Bi.s. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $25.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and O of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, Including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
May
1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

May
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

May
1990

187,854
124,869
66.5
118,712
63.2
1,673
117,039
3,284
113,755
6,156
4.9
62,985

189,326
125,473
66.3
119,016
62.9
1,657
117,359
3,102
114,257
6,457
5.1
63,853

189,467
126,279
66.6
119,916
63.3
1,639
118,277
3,452
114,825
6,363
5.0
63,188

187,854
125,224
66.7
118,805
63.2
1,673
117,132
3,137
113,995
6,419
5.1
62,630

188,990
126,094
66.7
119,560
63.3
1,697
117,863
3,134
114,728
6,535
5.2
62,896

189,090
126,308
66.8
119,713
63.3
1,678
118,035
3,079
114,957
6,594
5.2
62,782

189,198
126,498
66.9
120,003
63.4
1,669
118,334
3,200
115,133
6,495
5.1
62,700

189,326
126,543
66.8
119,773
63.3
1,657
118,116
3,133
114,983
6,770
5.3
62,783

189,467
126,643
66.8
119,989
63.3
1,639
118,350
3,305
115,045
6,653
5.3
62,824

90,167
68,980
76.5
65,731
72.9
1,511
64,220
3.249
4.7

90,942
69,158
76.0
65,492
72.0
1,499
63,993
3,666
5.3

91,014
69,569
76.4
66,096
72.6
1,472
64,624
3,473
5.0

90,167
69,142
76.7
65,713
72.9
1,511
64,202
3,429
5.0

90,772
69,539
76.6
65,943
72.6
1.523
64,420
3,597
5.2

90,822
69,639
76.7
66,108
72.8
1,506
64,602
3,530
5.1

90,874
69,712
76.7
66,208
72.9
1,497
64,711
3,505
5.0

90,942
69,779
76.7
66,043
72.6
1,499
64,544
3,735
5.4

91,014
69,737
76.6
66,058
72.6
1,472
64,586
3,679
5.3

97,687
55,838
57.2
52,981
54.2
162
52,819
2,907
5.2

98,383
56,315
57.2
53,524
54.4
158
53,366
2,790
5.0

98,453
56,709
57.6
53,820
54.7
167
53,653
2,890
5.1

97,687
56,082
57.4
53,092
54.3
162
52,930
2,990
5.3

98,218
56,555
57.6
53,617
54.6
174
53,443
2,938
5.2

98,268
56,669
57.7
53,605
54.5
172
53,433
3,064
5.4

98,324
56,785
57.8
53,795
54.7
172
53,623
2,990
5.3

98,383
56,764
57.7
53,729
54.6
158
53,571
3,034
5.3

98,453
56,906
57.8
53,931
54.8
167
53,764
2,975
5.2

TOTAL
2

Noninstitutionat population
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
......
Employment-population ratio4.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate*
Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force*
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
.,

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




3

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4

5

HOU8EHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employmtnt status of t h i civilian population by stx and ags
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not ataaonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
May
1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

May
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

May
1990

186,161
123,196
66.2
117,039
62.9
6,156
5.0

167,669
123,816
66.0
117,359
62.5
6,457
5.2

187,828
124,640
66.4
118,277
63.0
6,363
5.1

186,181
123,551
66.4
117,132
62.9
6,419
5.2

187,293
124,397
68.4
117,863
62.9
6,535
5.3

187,412
124,630
66.5
118,035
63.0
6,594
5.3

187,529
124,829
66.6
118,334
63.1
6,495
5.2

187,669
124,886
68.5
118,116
62.9
6,770
5.4

187,828
125,004
66.6
118,350
63.0
6,653
5.3

81,524
63,500
77.9
60,899
74.7
2,385
58,514
2,602
4.1

82,487
63,980
77.6
60,848
73.8
2,263
58,585
3,132
4.9

82,581
64,278
77.8
61,417
74.4
2,481
58,936
2,861
4.5

81,524
63,535
77.9
60,774
74.5
2,295
58,479
2,761
4.3

82,168
63,958
77.8
60,976
74.2
2,269
58,706
2,983
4.7

82,248
64,101
77.9
61,172
74.4
2,254
58,918
2,929
4.6

82,378
64,183
77.9
61,270
74.4
2,268
59,002
2,913
4.5

82,487
64,251
77.9
61,138
74.1
2,258
58,879
3,113
4.8

82,561
64,312
77.9
61,265
74.2
2,388
58.877
3,047
4.7

90,432
52,078
57.6
49,682
54.9
668
49,013
2,396
4.6

91,330
52,786
57.8
50,439
55.2
631
49,808
2,347
4.4

91,414
53,103
58.1
50,742
55.5
713
50,029
2,362
4.4

90,432
52,120
57.6
49,649
54.9
633
49,016
2,471
4.7

91,091
52,686
57.8
50,255
55.2
594
49,661
2,431
4.6

91,157
52,814
57.9
50,287
55.2
582
49,704
2,527
4.8

91,237
52,800
57.9
50,344
55.2
648
49,696
2,456
4.7

91,330
52,954
58.0
50,427
55.2
669
49,758
2,526
4.8

91,414
53,146
58.1
50,709
55.5
680
50,029
2,438
4.6

14,224
7,617
53.6
6,459
45.4
232
6,227
1,158
15.2

13,852
7,051
50.9
6,072
43.8
208
5,865
978
13.9

13,832
7,258
52.5
6,118
44.2
258
5,860
1,141
15.7

14,224
7,896
55.5
6,709
47.2
209
6,500
1,187
15.0

14,034
7,752
55.2
6.631
47.3
270
6,361
1,121
14.5

14,008
7,715
55.1
6,577
47.0
243
6,334
1,138
14.8

13,914
7,846
56.4
6,720
48.3
285
6,435
1,126
14.4

13,852
7,681
55.4
6.551
47.3
206
6,345
1,130
14.7

13,832
7,545
54.6
6.376
46.1
237
6,139
1,169
15.5

TOTAL
Civilian noninstltutlonal population ....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 ....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries :
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

May

1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

May
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

159,938
106,884
66.8
102,074

160,007

160,076 160,170 160,271

107,080

107,061

63.8

63.8
4,962
4.6

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

May
1990

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

159,200

160,170 160,271

159,200

105,898

106,460

107,075

66.5

66.5

66.8

101,412
63.7

101,564

102,350

4,486
4.2

63.4
4,895
4.6

63.9
4,724
4.4

106,152
66.7
101,432
63.7
4,720
4.4

55,265
78.3
53,354
75.6

55,663
78.0
53,265
74.7

1,911
3.5

55,280
78.3
53,222
75.4
2,058
3.7

55,771
78.4
53,560
75.3

2,398
4.3

55,902
78.3
53,739
75.3
2,163
3.9

2,211
4.0

78.4
53,547
75.2
2,268
4.1

44,039
57.1
42,324
54.9

44,700
57.5
42,981
55.3

44,057
57.2
42,268

44,475
57.4
42,718
55.1

44,615
57.5
42,762
55.2

1,719
3.8

44,523
57.4
42,765
55.1

1,716

44,894
57.7
43,208
55.6
1,686
3.8

1,757
4.0

1,833

1,758

44,740
57.6
42,895
55.2
1,844

4.1

3.9

4.1

6,593
57.0
5,734
49.6
859
13.0
13.9
12.0

6,097
54.6

6,278
56.3

6,639
58.7

6,650
59.0

5,403
48.5
875
13.9
14.0
13.8

5,796
51.3
843
12.7
12.9
12.4

5,788
51.4
862
13.0
12.7
13.2

6,710
59.8
5,847
52.1
863
12.9
13.0
12.7

6,568
58.8
5,707
51.1
861
13.1
13.8
12.4

6,509
58.4

5,318
47.6
779
12.8
13.3
12.2

6,815
58.9
5,942
51.3
873
12.8
14.1
11.4

20,986
13,372
63.7
11,882
56.6
1,491
11.1

21,228
13,335
62.8
11,973
56.4
1,362

21,261
13,499

21,163
13,510
63.8
11,978
56.6
1.532

21,188
13,437

21,211
13,581

21,261
13,587

63.4
12,030
56.8
1,407

64.0
12,148
57.3
1,433

21,228
13,570
63.9
12,161
57.3
1,409

10.2

10.4

20,966
13,454
64.1
11,962
57.0
1,492
11.1

11.3

10.5

10.6

10.4

10.4

6,222
74.5
5,616
67.2
606

6,216
73.4
5,589
66.0
627
10.1

6,255
73.7
5,672
66.8
584
9.3

6,209
74.3

6,189
73.5
5.496
65.2
693
11.2

6,172
73.3
5,603

6,227
73.6
5,631
66.5
596
9.6

6,240
73.7
5,651

6,241
73.5
5,672
66.8
569

6,456
60.9

6,451
60.8
5,858

3.9

54.8
1,789

4.1

4,811
4.5

107,133

107,353

66.9

66.9
67.0
66.9
102,117 102,206 102,027 102,362

55,815

63.8

63.7

4,856
4.5

5,106

55,828
78.4

55,826

53,593
75.2
2,235
4.0

4.8

78.3
53,425

74.9
2,400
4.3

63.9
4,991
4.6
55,919
78.3
53,578
75.1

2,341
4.2
44,925
57.8
43t165
55.5

1,760
3.9

5,619
50.4
890
13.7
14.2
13.1

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population- ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian tabor force
Participation rate
fcniployea
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men...."
Women
See footnotes at end of table.




9.7

63.5
12,093
56.9
1,406

5,617
67.3
592
9.5

66.6
569

9.2

5,872
55.4
584

66.8
589
9.4

55.2
594

63.9
12,179
57.3
1,408

9.1

6,516
61.3
5,921
55.7

595

9.0

9.2

9.1

898
41.7
645
30.0
253
28.2
30.0
26.2

879
40.8
652
30.3
227
25.8
27.2
24.3

830
38.6
586
27.3
244
29.4
31.1
27.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment etatut of the civilian population by race, aex, age, and Hispanic origin-Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

May
1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

May
1969

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

May
1990

13.731
9,334
68.0
8,608
62.7
725
7.8

14,198
9,535
67.2
8.770
61.8
765
8.0

14,238
9,646
67.7
8,918
62.6
728
7.5

13,731
9,359
68.2
8,619
62.8
740
7.9

14,080
9,440
67.0
8,769
62.3
671
7.1

14,119
9,400
66.6
8,666
61.4
734
7.8

14,159
9,565
67.6
8,831
62.4
734
7.7

14,198
9,618
67.7
8,850
62.3
768
8.0

14,238
9,669
67.9
8,927
62.7
742
7.7

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
i columns.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

Seasonally adjusted
May
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

May
1990

118,277
40,922
30,256
6,394

117,132
40,932
29,608
6,354

117,863
40,982
29,897
6,215

118.035
41,347
29,704
6,378

118,334
40,989
29,618
6,291

118,116
40,730
29,742
6.325

118,350
40,881
30,046
6,400

1,593
1,400
109

1,795
1,534
123

1,647
1,377
127

1,634
1,354
107

1,578
1,375
118

1,620
1,457
115

1,621
1,429
112

1,728
1,502
101

104,878
17,368
87,510
1,158
86,352
8,559
318

105,258
17,941
87,317
930
86,387
8,725
274

105,779
18,167
87,612
972
86,640
8,774
272

105,232
17,305
87,927
1,123
86,804
8,573
299

AH industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,624
2,115
2,200
16,082

4,574
2,318
1,986
15,907

4,565
2,224
1,958
16,325

4,883
2,314
2,307
15,350

4,983
2,402
2,255
14,931

4,887
2,307
2,211
15,381

5,004 ! 4,871
4,931
2,407 i 2.43S
2,476
2,138
2,052
2,127
15,193
15.592
15,464

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,411
1,970
2,142
15,650

4,385
2,176
1.949
15,441

4,419
2,132
1,914
15,742

4,643
2,137
2,246
14,977

4,729
2,240
2.172
14,515

4,703
2,183
2,173
14,924

4.747
2,293
2,050
14.975

May
1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

117.039
40,984
29,798
6,356

117,359
40,600
30,010
6,306

1,718
1,411
155

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed. 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers..
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers.
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

105,747 106.117
17,626
17,607
88,121 I 88,510
1,035
1t021
87,086
87,489
8,733
8,628
256
313

106,029 105,938 106,176
17,724 17.816 18,113
88,306 88,122 88,063
1,003
957
941
87.302 87,165 87,122
8,852
8,716
6,733
261
258
254

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work11 during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




4,630
2.218
2.096
14.804

! 4,666
' 2,317
i 2.004
! 15,064

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measure

1989

Monthly data
1990

1990

JNL

_Apr_

JMay_

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force
U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.5

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force for persons 25 years and over
U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.2

4.1

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.0

4.9

4.9

5.1

4.9

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
Including the resident Armed Forces

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.1

5.3

5.3

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.4

5.3

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus
1/2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

7.2

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.4

7.2

7.9

8.0

7.9

7.9

7.8

NA

N.A.

N.A.

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1 /2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

NA = not available.
Table A-€. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Category
May
1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

May
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

May
1990

CHARACTERISTIC
6,419
3,429
2,761
2,990
2,471
1,187

6,770
3,735
3,113
3,034
2,526
1,130

6,653
3,679
3.047
2,975
2,438
1,169

5.2
5.1
4.3
5.3
4.7
15.0

5.3
5.3
4.7
5.2
4.6
14.5

5.3
5.2
4.6
5.4
4.6
14.6

5.2
5.1
4.5
5.3
4.7
14.4

5.4
5.5
4.8
5.4
4.8
14.7

5.3
5.4
4.7
5.2
4.6
15.5

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

1,237

1,404

567

1,390
1,075
517

2.9
3.8
8.2

3.4
3.7
7.5

3.0
3.8
7.5

3.2
3.6
8.4

3.3
3.5
7.5

3.3
3.5
7.4

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2

5,129
1,250

5,509
1.266

5,240
1,373

4.9
6.9
6.0

5.0
7.0
6.0

4.9
7.4
5.9

4.9
7.2
5.9

5.1
7.1
6.2

4.9
7.4
6.0

4,858
1,731
37
604

5,300
2,006
35
691

5,115
1,919

1,281

1,162

729
552
3,293

698
464
3,196
208
1,478

5.5
6.7
6.8
9.3
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.0
4.3
6.2
4.3
2.4
9.2

5.5
6.6
4.8
8.9
5.9
5.5
6.4
5.0
4.0
6.0
4.4
2.5
9.3

5.5
6.6
5.9

1,090

5.2
5.9
4.6
9.5
4.9
4.6
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.6
4.6
2.9
9.9

5.7
6.9
4.6
10.6
5.9
5.7
6.3
5.1
4.3
6.2
4.5
2.1

5.5
6.7
3.3
11.5
5.4
5.5
5.2
5.0
3.2
6.3
4.4
2.5
7.9

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over ..*.
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

..•

1,173

1,095
511

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

591
499
3,127
258

1.316
1,553
510
180

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time fcr




282
1,484

1,527
380
200

25
732

1,511
457

149

10.0
5.5
5.3
5.9
5.0
3.4
6.2
4.5
2.3
10.1

11.0

economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force nours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Weeks of unemployment
May
1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

May
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

3,008
1,708
1,440
792

2,858

2,956
1,921
1,485
849

3,119
2,012
1,430
777

3,159

636

3,070
1,993
1,331
711
620

3,194
2,044
1,333
702

653

2,079
1,369
731
638

Apr.
1990

May
1990

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration* in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

1,953

648

1,646
915
731

12.4
5.3

13.0
5.8

12.1
5.3

11.9
5.3

12.1
5.1

100.0
48.9
27.7
23.4
12.9
10.5

100.0
44.3
30.2
25.5
14.2
11.3

100.0
46.5
30.2
23.3
13.3
10.0

100.0
48.0
31.2
20.8
11.1
9.7

100.0
47.5
30.7
21.8
11.8
9.9

3,204
2,175
1,386

3,026
2,236
1,374

631

697
688

610

11.7
5.4

12.0
5.1

12.1
5.0

11.6
5.4

100.0
47.8
31.5
20.7
11.1
9.7

100.0
48.6
31.1
20.3
10.7
9.6

100.0
47.4
32.2
20.5
10.3
10.2

100.0
45.6
33.7
207
11.5
9.2

764

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reasons
May
1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

May
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

2,601
681
1,920
965
1,880
710

3.213
944

2,936
822

964

3,038
941

3,147
999

2,139

2,097

1,625
554

1,006

696

3,183
1,033
2,150
1,016
1,730
640

3,103

2,114
887
1,845
695

2,798
805
1,993
1,103
1.853

1,014
1,859

2,148
1,179
1,780

644

617

1,820
683

100.0
42.3
11.1
31.2
15.7
30.5
11.5

100.0
49.8
14.6
35.1
16.5
25.2
8.6

100.0
46.1
12.9
33.2
13.9
29.0
10.9

100.0
43.4
12.5
30.9
17.1
28.7
10.8

100.0
48.5
15.7
32.7
15.5
26.3
9.7

100.0
47.1
14.6
32.4
15.3
27.4
10.3

100.0
46.3
14.4
32.0
15.5
28.4
9.8

100.0
46.8
14.9
31.9
17.5
26.5
9.2

100.0
47.4
14.6
32.8
15.2
27.2
10.2

2.2
.8

2.6
.9

1.5
.6

1.3
.4

2.4
.7
1.5
.6

2.3
.9

2.6
.8
1.4
.5

2.5
.8
1.4
.5

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.5
.9

2.5
.8
1.5
.5

Apr.
1990

May
1990

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

,...

2,269
1,065

1,805
680

3,171
979
2,192
1,014

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

>

,

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




1.5
.6

1.4
.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years •
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over.

16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Number ol
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

May
1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

May
1969

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

May
1990

6,419
2,312
1.187
516
684
1,125
4,060
3,637
453

6,770
2,425
1,130
519
609
1,295
4,347
3,864
505

6,653
2,349
1,169
597
587
1,180
4.245
3,832
464

5.2
10.5
15.0
16.6
14.3
7.9
4.0
4.2
2.9

5.3
10.6
14.5
14.8
14.2
8.5
4.2
4.3
3.4

5.3
10.7
14.8
16.8
13.0
8.4
4.2
4.3
3.4

5.2
10,5
14.4
16.9
12.9
8.3
4.1
4.3
3.3

5.4
11.2
14.7
17.4
13.0
9.3
4.2
4.4
3.3

5.3
11.0
15.5
20.0
12.8
8.5
4.1
4.3
3.0

3,429
1,260
668
302
371
592
2,118
1,863
265

3,735
1,343
622
281
341
721
2,387
2,099
310

3,679
1,261
632
318
320
629
2,358
2,089
296

5.1
10.9
16.3
18.7
15.1
8.0
3.6
3.9
3.0

5.3
11.2
15.1
14.2
15.6
8.9
4.2
4.3
3.6

5.2
10.9
14,9
16.5
13.7
8.6
4.1
4.2
3.5

5.1
10.9
14.7
16.9
13.6
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.4

5.5
11.8
15.4
18.1
13.8
9.8
4.2
4.4
3.5

5.4
11.2
16.0
20.6
13.4
8.6
4.1
4.3
3.4

2,990
1,052
519
214
313
533
1,942
1,774
188

3,034
1,082
508
238
268
574
1,961
1,765
195

2,975
1,087
537
279
267
550
1,887
1,742
169

5.3
10.0
13.7
14.3
13.4
7.9
4.3
4.6
2.9

5.2
10.1
13.7
15.5
12.6
8.0
4.1
4.3
3.3

5.4
10.4
14.6
17.3
12.3
8.1
4.3
4.5
3.3

5.3
10.0
14.0
16.9
12.0
7.7
4.2
4.4
3.3

5.4
10.5
13.9
16.7
12.1
8.7
4.2
4.4
2.9

5.2
10.7
14.9
19.4
12.2
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.5

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

UnemDloved

May
1989

Apr.
1990

May
1990

May
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

May
1990

26,981
17,298
64.1
15,627
57.9
1,671
9.7
9,683

27,499
17,356
63.1
15,795
57.4
1,562
9.0
10,142

27,556
17.565
63.7
15,926
57.8
1,638
9.3
9,991

26,981
17,394
64.5
15,719
58.3
1,675
9.6
9,587

27,355
17,602
64.3
15,827
57.9
1,775
10.1
9,753

27,405
17,545
64.0
15,927
58.1
1,618
9.2
9,860

27,453
17,727
64.6
16,061
58.5
1.667
9.4
9,726

27.499
17,687
64.3
16.075
58.5
1,613
9.1
9,812

27,556
17,660
64.1
16,021
58.1
1.640
9.3
9.896

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployed

Civilian employed
Occupation

May
1989

Unemployment rate

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990

6,363

5.0

5.1

588
323
265

589
294
295

1.9
2.1
1.7

1.9
2.0
1.8

37,141
3,910
14,365
18,875

1,470
98
594
779

1,444
113
629
702

3.9
2.6
4.1
4.1

3.7
2.8
4.2
3.6

878
1,916
12,640

15,611
743
1,947
12,921

1,089
94
65
930

1,125
53
90
982

6.6
9.7
3.3
6.9

6.7
6.7
4.4
7.1

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,551
4,650
4,949
3,953

13,638
4,465
5,258
3,915

721
154
385
182

735
142
433
160

5.1
3.2
7.2
4.4

5.1
3.1
7.6
3.9

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,037
8,312
4,925
4,800
713
4,087

17,665
8,004
4,845
4,817
822
3,994

1,342
641
208
493
126
368

1,530
592
269
669
175
493

6.9
7.2
4.0
9.3
15.0
8.3

8.0
6.9
5.3

3.604

3,679

205

168

5.4

May
1989

May
1990

117,039

118,277

6,156

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

30,627
15,041
15,586

30,542
14,733
15,809

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,786

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

15,434

Total, 16 years and over1

3,613

14,005
18,168

Farming, forestry, and fishing

12.2

17.6
11.0
4.4

1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job >
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian

Veteran status
and age

noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Employed

Total

Number

Percent of
labor force

May
1989

May

May

1990

1989

May
1990

May
1989

May
1990.

7,422
6,467
1,789
3,276
1,402
955

7,623
6,523
1,446
3,326
1,751
1,100

6,772
6,143
1,685
3,133
1,324
629

6,930
6,164
1,338
3,199
1,626
767

6,583
5,968
1,621
3,055
1,291
615

6,696
5,947
1,290
3,091
1,567
749

190
176
64
78
33
14

234
217
49
109
59

16,064
7,358
4,636
4,070

17,137
7,882
5,039
4,215

14,992
6,973
4,321
3,698

16,015
7,497
4,688
3,830

14,497
6,721
4,186
3,590

15,438
7,242
4,524
3,671

495
252
135
108

May
1989

May
J990

May
1989

May
1990

17

2.8
2.9
3.8
2.5
2.5
2.2

3.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.6
2.3

577
255
163
159

3.3
3.6
3.1
2.9

3.6
3.4
3.5
4.1

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years

40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years

40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 35 to 49 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for 30-to 34-year-old




veterans are no longer shown in this table because the group is rapidly
disappearing (into the 35-39 age category) and the numbers remaining for
some labor force categories are not large enough to warrant their
continued publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted2

May.
1989

Apr.
1990

May.
1990

May.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

May.
1990

21,398
14,447
13,708
739
5.1

21,834
14,600
13,831
769
5.3

21,877
14,750
13,964
786
5.3

21,398
14,503
13,741
762
5.3

21,718
14,491
13,734
757
5.2

21,756
14,496
13,784
712
4.9

21,794
14,613
13,847
766
5.2

21,834
14,677
13,881
796
5.4

21,877
14,801
13,998
803
5.4

9,862
6,211
5,830
381
6.1

10,071
6,297
5,950
347
5.5

10,091
6,302
5,960
342
5.4

9,862
6,192
5,800
392
6.3

10,015
6,289
5,940
349
5.5

10,034
6,369
5,989
380
6.0

10,052
6,351
6,021
330
5.2

10,071
6,336
5,972
364
5.7

10,091
6,282
5,931
351
5.6

8,827
5,971
5,615
355
6.0

8,863
6,039
5,662
376
6.2

8,867
5,965
5,640
324
5.4

8,827
5,992
5,645
347
5.8

8,854
6,064
5,673
391
6.4

8,857
6,029
5,674
355
5.9

8,859
6,001
5,671
330
5.5

8,863
6,091
5,722
369
6.1

8,867
5,987
5,670
317
5.3

4,618
3,186
3,081
106
3.3

4,619
3,160
2,987
173
5.5

4,619
3,190
3,027
163
5.1

4,618
3,201
3,084
117
3.7

4,619
3,152
3,011
141
4.5

4,619
3,203
3,034
169
5.3

4,618
3,178
3,006
172
5.4

4,619
3,161
2,988
173
5.5

4,619
3,203
3,028
175
5.5

6,983
4,505
4,217
288
6.4

6,995
4,447
4,136
311
7.0

6,997
4,550
4,228
322
7.1

6,963
4,540
4,224
316
7.0

6,993
4,645
4.254
391
8.4

6,993
4,605
4,250
355
7.7

6,994
4,553
4,226
327
7.2

6,995
4,511
4,180
331
7.3

6,997
4,591
4,238
353
7.7

6,033
- 3,955
3,832
123
3.1

6,028
3,976
3,800
177
4.4

6.028
4,019
3,834
185
4.6

6.033
3,945
3,816
129
3.3

6,030
3,994
3,810
184
4.6

6,029
4,029
3,848
181
4.5

6,028
4,034
3,844
190
4.7

6,028
4,002
3,805
197
4.9

6,028
4,012
3,820
192
4.8

13,805
8,589
8.143
445
5.2

13,799
8,581
8,170
411
4.8

13,800
8,635
8,195
441
5.1

13,805
8.728
8,278
450
5.2

13,803
8,709
8,300
409
4.7

13,801
8,730
8,294
436
5.0

13,799
8,660
8,223
437
5.0

13,799
8,709
8,286
423
4.9

13,800
8,775
8,328
447
5.1

4,930
3,399
3,280
120
3.5

4,985
3,367
3.247
120
3.6

4,991
3,439
3,308
132
3.8

4,930
3,413
3,286
127
3.7

4,971
3,361
3,237
124
3.7

4,975
3,395
3,274
121
3.6

4,980
3,399
3,283
116
3.4

4.985
3.410
3,281
129
3.8

4,991
3,451
3,312
139
4.0

8,258
5,393
5,116
276
5.1

8,278
5.373
5,071
302
5.6 |

8,281
5,409
5,104
305
5.6

8,258
5,409
5,116
293
5.4

8,274
5,426
5,060
366
6.7

8,275
5.372
5,061
311
5.8

8,276
5,402
5,107
295
5.5

8,278
5,417
5,098
319
5.9

8,281
5,428
5,107
321
5,9

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population .,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
......
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




L

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted2

Not seasonally adjusted'
State and employment status

May.
1989

Apr.
1990

May.
1990

May.
1989

Jan.
1990

Feb.
1990

Mar.
1990

9,364
5,825
5,567
258
4.4

9,382
5,878
5,562
315
5.4

9,385
5,889
5,604
285
4.8

9,364
5,877
5,610
267
4.5

9,378
5,875
5,568
307
5.2

9,379
5,966
5,623
343
5.7

9,380
6,004
5,694
310
5.2

12,196
8,383
7,887
496
5.9

12,337
8,386
7,887
499
6.0

12,351
8,410
7,887
523
6.2

12,196
8,399
7,886
513
6.1

12,300
8,440
7,999
441
5.2

12,312
8,494
7,949
545
6.4

12,323
8,447
7,977
470
5.6

T

Apr.
1990

May.
1990

9,382
5,945
5,604
341 |
57

9,385
5,941
5,648
293
4.9

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




12,337
8,495
7,955
540
6.4

12,351
8,425
7,880
545
6.5

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally
adjusted
7
J
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-l. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Hay
1989

l

| Mar.
| 1990

Seasonally adjusted

i

1

1

1

I

I

I

I

I 25, 663 [ 25,0571

Mining
Oil and gas extraction.

I

I

90,7151 91,0881 91,6991 92,306| 90,623| 91 975

I

Goods-producing industries

I

7191 737|
395.91 415.01

I
25,2441
I

I
I

I
I

747|
418.01

7551
420.61

7221
4011

Service-producing industries

Retail trade
General merchandise stores.
Food stores
Automotive dealers and serv
Eating and drinking places.

7,975
5,579

8,032
5,652

7,9841
5,5S9|

1,616.4 1,612.511,616.8
49.01
46.1
49.2j
728.51 709.91 710.1
, 1,099.511,057.411,058.8
693.9
694.6
694.0
,
1,601.8 1,627.5 1,628.5
1,092.2 1,102.8 1,102.4
. 162.9 161.81 163.9
I 844.3
825.71 829.6
| 142.21 134.71 134.2

I

I

I

I

I
I
I

I
5,699!

I

7,984
5,589

,0731
,6911

1,624.5
46.2
705.5
l,054.2J
694.61
1,625.71
1,104.21
166.31
828.41
134.21

5,4851
1,436 1

(May
119902'

287
456
770 j
5221
6011
764|
2701
4071
1431
9891
9201
7261
7761
395

3851 11; 352
5591 7, 546

11,339
7,537

766 1
5231
599|
765|
267
420
133
990
022
824
775j
392|

8 068
5 672

8,0541
5,6531

033
632

1,6761
51|
7181
1,0731
6971
1,6241
1,1041
1631
8261
1361

763|
5201
5931
766!
26 91
,425|
,1251
,9811
,0151
820)
7741
3901

762
521
593
766
267
1,421
2,122
1,976
2,012
816
774
392

,0521
,646|

8,030
5,632

1,674) 1,669
,674|
51|
50
49|
714| 711
7121
1,0631 1,054 1 ,057|
6991
697
6981
1,6251 1,626
,6271
1,1061 1,106 1 ,1061
1651
1651
1651
8211 8 2 4 |
829(
136| 136|
1351

1,668
50
706
1,051
697
1,627
1,105
165
827
134

84,4131 34,618

3,4871
2,2121
6,217
3,685
2,532

6,3011
3,7471
2,5541

6,3201
3,748|
2,572|

6,3511
3,7591
2,5921

6, 2221
3, 6851
2, 5371

6,.3321
3i,7541
2,,578|

6,3321
3,7591
2,573J

1,3541

1,358 j

I

19, 528| 19,.822] 19,794
2, 4911 2, 4911 2,460
3, 245| 3,,361) 3,361
2, 1591 2. 1701 2,172
6, 3481
4591 6,467

6,9231
3,3561
2,1651
1,4021

I

I

6, 7901
3, 320|
2, 123|
3471

8961
3531
152
391

757
425

11,3981
7,564)

I

765
522
602
767
269J
1,4191
2,1401
1,9911
2,021|
8251
7761
3951

I

332 I

19,369
13,169

5,8651
3,6491
2,2161

6,8891
3,352|
2,159|
1,3781

4321
416|

755|
4241

4231 19, 404
191| 13, 192

5i.8501
3,,6351
2, 2151

6,872
3,354
2,160

7511
4211

13,2171

I 19,4521

355
128

5 7001
3 4841
2 2161

6,7901
3,313J
2,1231

I
I

5,313
1,384

5,8811
3,6691
2,2121

I

92 ,187| 92,197

5
1 ,385

5,840
3,632
2,208J

I

j
I
j

4181
4251

7491
4221

5,8161
3,612
2,204

19,528 19,3701 19,589| 19,803
2,416.312,363.412,363.312,364.6
3,228.5|3,323.0|3,336.8|3,359.2
stations... 2,162.9|2,152.0|2,162.8|2,174.6
6,462.216,311.516,474.816,619.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

,656
53
7281
,0951
6971
1 .6031
1 ,094|
1621
843|
142

85,5921 82 638

I 83,082| 84,524| 85,019

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Durable goods....
Nondurable goods.

6,916 j

3,3661
2,1551
1,3951

I

84,821| 84 ,9131 85,129

I

5,8751

3,660
2,215
6,342
3,762
2,580

,8711
,6541
.217,

5,879
3,665
2,214

,3381
,756|
,5321

6,354
3,759
2,595

19,7851 19 ,807
2,4521 2 ,446
,377
3,3631
,171
2,1741
.494
6,4801
6,9221
3,3611
2,1621
1,3991

I

19,803
2,435
3,379
2,170
6,503

.9191 6,924
,365| 3,363
,1611 2,165
,3931 1,396

! e 2 ^ 8 1 ! ,Zl'A7? 27,8171 27,9091 26,7111 27, 557 j 2 7 , 7 0 9 1 27,7831 27 ,7611 27,798
" •"
"" 5,7761 5, 8851 5 , 8 9 9
5,902| 5 ,883| 5,898
I'cc5*5 5,837.115,841.615,886.51
3,0331 8 ,0751, 8,122
7,555.0 8,025.2|8,058.9|8,105.7|. 7,5701 7,9341 7 , 9 8 1

I 18,030

I
I
I
|

18,4931_ 18,564)
18,725| 17,687| 17, 956 1 1 8 , 0 0 2 18,1141 18 ,2171 18,371
.
998 1 3 , 0 0 6
3,0881 3 1551 3,289
3,005
3,0821
3,149| 3,2971 2,
4,2801 4,
. 4,178| 4 , 1 9 7 j 4,2051 4 2111 4,217
4-181 | 4,3191
4,325
10,8441 11,0921 11,090 11,1481 10, 5691 10, 7801 1 0 , 7 9 9 1 10,821| 10 8511 10,865

J

P = preliminary.




]

25,6861 25, 6061I25 ,491| 25,439

745j
417|

I
,2831

5,0031
5,3551
Construction
5,325
,3881
1,383.9 1,320.811,336.211,380.11
General building contractors.
I
Manufacturing
I 19,6191 19,3171 19,3201 19,329|
,667| 19
,4261 13
Production workers
j 13, 390 | 13,1071 13,1241 13,1371
I
I
Durable goods
I 11,5871 11,3421 11,3361 11,3451 11 ,5941 11
Production workers
I 7,7381 7,5281 7,535| 7,548| 7 ,7351 7
I
745.6
769.1
749.51 760.31
77X1
Lumber and wood products
522.9
531.3
520.61 519.11
5341
Furniture and fixtures
534.8) 591.51 598.11
609.2
604|
Stone/ clay, and glass products
766.81 767.01 766.21
786.9
7871
Primary metal industries
267.11 267.71 266.41
275.5
276 1
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
1,451.0 1,416.111,420.411,419.41
,452| 1
Fabricated metal products
2,153.9|2,137.7|2,129.3|2,126.7
,1501 2
Machinery/ except electrical
2,039.611,981.9 1,973.511,966.4
,050| 1
Electrical and electronic equipment
2,078.012,021.9 2,022.812,023.9
,076 1 1
Transportation equipment
879.41 8 2 4 . 1
827.81 8 2 7 . 0
8761
Motor vehicles and equipment
776.61 7 7 3 . 9
772.21 7 7 2 . 7
778|
Instruments and related products
391.4) 3 9 0 . 4
389.41 3 9 1 . 7
3921
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products.
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products....
Leather and leather products

92,3021 92, 313

25,4391 25,672| 25 518

I
5,1771

Government
Federal
State
Local

1

108,7451109,5811110,263 111,031|108,310|109 931 110,3041110, 427 110 ,4041110,568

Total.
Total private.

Services
Business services
Health services

i

I Apr.
|May
| May | Jan. | Feb. | Mar.| A p r .
l990p/ jl990 E / j 1989 I 1990 j 1990 I 1990 | 1 9

Note on temporary census workers
The number of temporary workers associated with the 1990 census has an impact on the employment levels for the Federal government, as well as for higher aggregates. The estimate of these workers
was 22,000 in January, 27,000 in February, 117,000 in March, and 178,000 in April. For May, the
estimated number (preliminary) was 325,000, which may be subject to significant revision.

l

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private i>ur.,:sricul tural payrolls by industry

T
Industry

Not seasonally adjusted
May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990

S^osonally adjusted

j

May
I May
1990 E ' 1939

r

. i

Mar.
Jan. j Fob
1990 | 1990 I 1990
34.6
34.6
34.5

Apr.

34.6

I
|May
190

34.5

34.4

34.5

34.5

34.6

Mining

42.0

43.0

43.3

43.4

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Construction

37.7

37.9

37.3

38.2

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Manufacturing
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
.
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay* and glass products
,...
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

40.9
3.6

40.7
3.6

39.8
2.9

40.9
3.8

41.0
3.8

40.7
3.7

40.7
3.6

40.8
3,6

40.7
3.5

41.1
4.0

41.5
3.8

41.4
3.7

40.3
2.8

41.6
4.0

41.5
3.9

41.3
3.7

41.3
3.6

41.4
3.7

41.2
3.5

41.7
4.2

40.1
39.0
42.4
43.1
43.6
41.5
42.3
40.4
42.7
43.3
40.8
39.4

40.1
39.0
41.6
42.7
42.9
41.6
42
40
42.3
42.7
41.2
39.4

40
38
41
41
43.0
40
40
39
40
41
40
38.1

40.6
38.9
42.4
43.0
44.0
41.9
42.2
40.5
43.0
44.1
41.5
39.2

39.7
39.4
41.9
43.2
43.6
41.7
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.8
41.1
39.6

40.5
39.8
42.2
42 5 I
43.2 |
41
42.1
40.8
41.4
40.8
41.0
39.4

39.8
39.5
42
42
42.8
41
42.2
41.1
41.5
41.2
41.0
39.5

40.3
39.2
41.9
42.6
42.9
41.7
42.0
41.1
42.0
42.2
41.1
39.4

40.2
39.0
41
41
43
41
41
40
42.2
41.6
41.4
39.1

40.4
39.4
42.1
43.1
44.0
42.0
42.4
40.
42.
43.
41.
39.

40.0
3.5

39.8
3.4

39.2
3.0

40.0
3.5

40.2
3.7

40.0
3.6

39.9
3.5

40.0
3.5

39.9
3.5

40.2
3.7

40.4
39.5
41.2
37.0
43.1
37.4
42.1
43.9
41.5
37.6

40.0
38.8
39.9
36.2
42.9
38.0
42.5
44.
41
37.3

39.7
38.0
39.1
35.2
42.4
37.3
42.6
44.2
40.1
36.3

40.8
39.0
40.
36.5
43.3
37.5
42.2
43.3
41.5

40.5
(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.7
42.1
(2)
41.5
37.4

40.5
C2)
40.5
36.7
43.3
37.8
42.7
(2)
40.9

40.5
(2)
40.2
36.6
43.0
37.8
42.3
(2)
41.1
38.0

40.6
(2)
40.1
36.2
43.2
37.9
42,5
(2)
41.3
37.8

40.6
(2)
40,
36
43.2
37.7
42.6
(2)
41.0
37.3

41.0
(2)
40.8
36.6
43.5
37.8
42.4
(2)
41.6
37.2

39.3

39.1

39.1

39.3

39.3

39.3

39.4

38.1

38.1

38.2

38.1

28.9

28.9

29.0

28.9

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.6

32.7

32.7

32.6

Total private

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

.

37.4
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade

37.9

37.9

38.1

Retail trade

28.8

28.5

29.0

Finance* insurance, and real estate
Services

,

35.6

35.7

32.4

32.5 j 32.7

Data relate to production workers in mining and

. —— -

n^^cihB*

D M U JCI

VJ.VC=P.

i iie^o

yr c

account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonagricultural payrolls.




36.2

39.3
38.0
28.8
35.6
32.4

39.5
37,9
28.9
(2)
32.5

37.4
39.1
38.0
28.8
C2) .
32.5 |

34.6

2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficent precision.
P B preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT

DATA

ESTABLISHMENT

DATA

Table $~3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

Total private
Seasonally adjusted.
Mining
Construction..
Manufacturing.
Durable goods
f .. .,
Lumber and wood products
.,.,
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay* and glass products..*.
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products.................
electrical.
Machinery, except electrical..
Electrical and electronic equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products..,.
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures..•
Textile mill products
, ....
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing............
Chemicals and allied products......
Petroleum and coal products...
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities.
Wholesale trade

May
1989

Mar.
1990

Apr.
1990 e /

May
1990 C /

$9.59
9.60

$9.93
9.92

$9.96
9.95

19.98
9,99

13.42
13.13
13.28 I 13.47
10.42 I 10.73
11.24
10.94
8.79

8.16
10.69
12.25
14.06
10.49
11.29
10.33
13.58
14.17
10.17
8.24
9.68
9.34

16.13
7.62
6.32
11.89
10.76
12.98
15.34
9.40
6.58
12.49
10.28

Retail trade
Finance, insuranc

nd real estate.

Services
1/

9.07

8.41
10.95
12.65
14.54
10.72
11.57
10.58
14.05
14.61
10.57
8.60
10.02
9.56

16.46
7.95
6.53
12.13
11.13
13.30
16.14
9.62
6.84
12.82

6.49

10.65
6.76

9.48

9.87

9.30

9.75

13.52
13.59
10.74
11,22
9.11
8.42
11.10
12.83
14.*$
10.62
11.52
10.58
13,92
14.44
10,57
8.60
10.07
9.56
17.11

7.92
6,57
12.26
11.08
13.45
16.35
9.60
6.93
12.93
10.76
6.7S
9.98
9.81

13.51
10.*2
11.33
9.17
1.47
11,07
12.77
14.71
10.79
11.62
10.67
14.15
14.75
10,62

May
1989

Mar.
1990

I

I

|1990E/

|May
|

lApr.

$330.86 $341 59IS343 62|$344.31
332.16 343 231 344, 27| 345.65
551.46 577 06) 585 42| 585.47

I

500.66

510.51

426.18

436.71

427.45| 442.54

55

4^4.01
552.48
318.24
453.26
527.98
613.02
435.34
477.57
417.33
579.87
613.56
414.94
324.66

465 ,341
363
327
455
540
623 771
445 951
487
432
594
623 851
435 481
338 841

452. |
365 311
320 80!
463 98|
535 Oil
639 84|
425 86
468 86
420 03
567 94
592 04
428 09
327 66

471.33
372.30
329.48
469.37
549.11
647.24
452.10
490.36
432.14
608.45
650.48
440.73
335.16

10.10
9.60
17.12
8.00
6.59
12.31
12
ll ll 1t 12
2
13 45
16
16.04
9.77
6,91

587.20
377.34
637.14
313.94
233.84
512.46
402.42
546.46
673.43
590.10
247.41

398.80
382.40
638.65)
317.211
236.391
520.381
422.941
565.25
713.39
397.31

394.74
379.53
650.181
309.67J
231.26
519.82
413.28
572.97
722.67
384.96 j

255.13

251.56 1

404.00
391.68
667.68
324.80
240.54
533.02
417.00
567.59
696.26
405.46
258.43

501.26

505.561

403.64

409.961

192.66

194.98
196.621
361.28 353.15

490,86

10.70

3S9.61

6.77

186.91

9.92

337.49

9.76

301.32

352.36

316.88

499.071 516.08

I

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsuparyisory workers!' on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry* seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private?/:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars^/
Construction
Manufacturing
,
Excluding overtime^/
Transportation and public utilities
wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance* insurance, and real estate
Services

May
1989

$9,60
4.77
13.32
10.42.
9.971
12.541
10.281
6.491
9.451
9.331

J/ See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ Includes mining, not shown separately*
because its seasonal component is too small
to be separated out with sufficient
Precision.
3V The Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-N) is
used to deflate this series.




I Jan.
I 1990

L

Feb.
1990

$9.83
4.74
13.34
10.55
10.101
12.791
10.571
6.691
9.751
9.621

*9
4.
13
10
10,
12,
10,
6,
9,
9.

Ha
War,
1990

•9.92
4.75
13.47
10.71
10.26
12,16
10.65
6.75
9.12
9.70

I
j
Apr.
1990fi/

Percent
change
from:
Apr. 1990May 1990

May
1990p/

• 9.95
$9.99
4.76
N.A.
13.39 413.55?
10.73
10.831
10.34
10.33
12.93
12.93
10.75
10.70
6.76
6.78J
9.90
9.901
9.78
9.781

L

406.60

320.791 316.22

P = preliminary.

See footnote 1, table B-2.

506.18

0.4
(4)
1.2
.9
-.1
.0
-.5
.3
.0
.0

4/ Change was 0,2 percent from March to
April 1990* the latest month available.
5y Derived by assuming that overtime
hours »re paid at the rate of time and onehalf,
N.A. * net available.
£/ s preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT

DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupe'rvisory workersl/ on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
May
1989
Total private
Goods-producing industries.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
. .,
Lumber and wood products.
Furniture and fixtures
i
Stone, clay^ and glass products.'
Primary metal industries. .
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products.
Machinery, except electrical,
Electrical and electronic equipment.......
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products.•.
Miscellaneous manufacturing.
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
.'.,....
Textile mill products..
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products..
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities.
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Services
1/

See footnote 1, table B-2.




I

I

Industry

Mar.
1990

Apr,

. May

1990D/

. 1990£/

I May
11989

I

I

Jan. Feb. I Mar. |Apr.
1990-11990 li

1990

|May
| 1

128.6

129.8

1127.6 1 2 9 . 5 130.21130.31

130.0

130.0

102.6

99.1

98.2

101.8

riO2.4 102.2 102.9(102.31 .101.0

101.8

81.2

85.1

87.1

88.3

141.8 131.1

134.7

143.6

93.6

91.6

94.3

94.2 91.5
104.4 100.4
110.9 108.6
91.5 85.3
65.4
68
52.9 50.3
91.2 88.4
93.5 92.6
97.1
96.0
101.4 96.0
91.8 83.3
115.0 115.0
86.1 85.9

89.2

92.2

101.0
105.6
87.0

103.8
107.

127.5 127.5

96.0

98.5

96.6
98.7
64.9

63.9

50.4
85.5
89
92.7
92.8
80.5
113.3
82.7

95,
98.
59.2
74.7
77.9
100.0
138.6
101.4

89.2
65.8
51.2

1*9.3
92.2
94.5
98.0
86.7

116.7
85.6
97.4

101.6
60.4
77.0
80.6

I

81.8

87.1

93.7

88.8

89.1

146.7

139.5

141.1

94.4

94.1

94.8

91.4
103.3
108.3
87.
64.0
50
88
91,
96,
95.2
80
116
84.9

92.3
103.5
109.2
87.5
65.9
51.2
89
92
95.8
96.5

87.81 87.71

138.2 1 4 9 . 5 1 5 0 . 6
96.4

I

94.3

I

I

94
90.3
91.7 9 1 . 9
103
105
102.5 1 0 3 . 9
112.9 110.5 1 0 9 . 7 1 0 8 . 9
89
89.6 8 9 . 4 8 8 . 4
68
64.8 6 4 . 9 6 5 . 2
52.3 51.3
50.6 ,50.0
91.7 86.7
83.0 8 8 . 9
91
93.7 92.7
92.9
96
98.4 95.7
96.4
100.5 85.7
93.5
95.0
90.2 67.0
80.3
82.3
115.8 115.2 115.0 114.7
86.6 87.7
87.. 6 t "86 .'8
98.8

99.5
103.3
69.6
81.5
85.4
102.3
137.8
100.5
83.5
119.6

105.1
69.0
78.3
82.5
102
140.0
102.6
83.9
114.5

54.7

52.4

98.3

98.0

104.7 104-.7
68.9
67', 1
77.2
76 16
81.5 7 9 . 7
102,0 102.1
140.3 140
101.5 101.5
85.5 86.4
114.2 115.1

98.2
105.4
66.4
76.9
80.4
102.5
139.7
101.7
85.5
114.8

84.6
117.5
86.0

93.6
105.9
66.7
77.4

85.5
101
136
100.
83.3
119.7

76
80
100.8
141.0
101.2
82.9
115.6

54.9

51.6

50.1

102.2
139.1
101. Q
85.1
116.8
51.4

53.0

51.8

50.8

141.4 143.2

145.4

145.3

141.5 144.6 145.3 145.8

}46.1

145.6

84.8

112.6

53.3

80.
103.2
139.9
101.4
84.5
116.8

116.7 118.7

119.2

120.7

117.3 119.4 120.3 120.6

120.4

121.1

126.3 127.4

128.4

128.9

126.1 128.7 128.9 129.Q

129.3

129.2

1Z6.7 124.1

127.8

128.2

127.2 128.6 128.8 128.7

129.4

128.7

141.4 144,0

146,4-

144.8

146.6

145.3

167.81 173.4

175.4

174.5

141.9 144.3 145.2 145.8
167.5 172.7 174.0" 175.1

175.0

174.6

F? = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)
Time span

Jar

i Feb
1

1

1 Mar

1 Apr

May

June

July

! Aug.

Oct.

Sept

Nov.

Dec.

Privat e nonagricultural p ayrolls, 349 industries!/
Over 1-month span :
1988...
1989 ..
1990...

60 .7
68 .3
58 .5

63 .5
60 .5 I
57 .9 1

Over 3-month span:
1988...
1989 ..
1990...

71 .6
58 .2

Over 6-month s p a m
1988...
1989...
1990...
Over 12-month s p a m
1988
1989...
1990...

.0
i 61
,3 .0

61 .3 1
55 .6 1
p/52 .3

67 .2
59 .7

63.6
55.6

58.0
57.4

55.4
47.9

63.9
55.3

68.2
60.9

64.6
51.9

70 7
61 .9
.0

71 1
61 .6

71 9
60 .7

71.2
61.6

64.2
53.4

65.3
54.6

70.1
55.7

73.4
57.2

74 6
60.2

71 5
68

73 .9
66 0

73 9
63 0

69 1
57 9

70.2
57.7

74.6
60.2

73.5
53.4

73.9
58.3

74.5
58.3

75.8
60 2

74
69 6

74 6
67 .6

75
66 6

74 o
62.6

78.1
63.6

75.5
63.2

7,,
60.7

74.8
E'57.2

74.9
E/56.6

74.1

62.8
52.1

64,9
48.2

58 5
44.7

52 .3

62 .8
58 .2
£/47 .1

65 6
70 .1
58 .9

69
64 .5
E'51 .9

69 .9
75 1
.3

70 .2
69

76
73 .2

76 1
73 .6

s
.9

Manufacturing payrolls, 141 3 ndustriesl./
•

i

Over 1-month s p a m
1988
1989...
1990...

58 s
62 4
45 .4

56 n
53
49 .3

59 9
55 n
49 6
53
43 6 E/45 .7

58
46 8
£/45 0

Over 3-month span;
1988...
1989....
1990

65
67 4
42 .2

64 9
61 n
62. 4
51
63 ft
55. 7
41 .5 p/44 3 |p/40 .8

67 4
49 3

67 0
48 6

64.5
47.9

58.2
34.0

62.1 |
41.8 |

66.7
41.5

71.3
46.5

70.9
41.1

69
52 .8

66. 7
48. 9

64. 7
39. 0

66.0
40.1

70.9
41.8

68.8 |
34.4 I

69.9
37.9

71.6
40.8

74.1
43.6

71 .6
70. 9
57. 1 1 53 .5

72. 0
49. 6

69. 9
42. 9

70.9
43.3

69.1
42.2

1 70.2
1
37.6 II P/36.9
71.6

69.9
P/34.0

67.0

Over 6-month s p a m
1988....
1989
1990
Over 12-month span:
1988
1989
1990....

66
69
|£/37 .9

66
58 .5

73 .8
63 1

70 .2
63 .8

1

67. 7
55. 7

59.6
49.6

51.1
45.4

34.8 |
49.3 |

1
1

.5

i

1

I
1/ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-,
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the
12-month span. Data are centered within the span.
P=preliminary.
.
.
NOTE* Figures are the percent of industries with




61 7
48 6

I

employment increasing plus one- half of the
industries with unchanged employment, where
50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and
decreasing employment.