Full text of The Employment Situation : May 1989
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Bureau of Labor Statistics
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Media contact:
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523-1944
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United State
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C.
USDL 89-273
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EOT), FRIDAY,
JUNE 2, 1989
THE H-iPIOYMEOT SITUATION: MAY 1989
Employment and unemployment were little changed in May, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U*S> Department of Labor reported today.
The overall
unenployrnent rate was 5.1 percent and the civilian worker rate was 5,2 percent.
This cconpares with 5#2 and 5.3 percent, respectively, in the previous month.
Nonagricultural payroll estployment—as Treasured by the survey of bosiness
establishments-hedged up by 100,000 in May, after seasonal adjustment, and total
civilian onployment—as measured by the household survey—showed little growth.
Results from both surveys indicate that the pace of employment growth has
moderated in recent months.
Unenployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the nianber of unest^loyed persons and the civilian worker unemployment
rate were little changed in May, after seasonal adjustment. A total of 6.4
million persons were unemployed; the civilian worker jobless rate was 5.2
percent. Both figures are somewhat below those of a year earlier. (See table A2.)
Jobless rates for adult women (4.8 percent), teenagers (15c2 percent),
blacks (11.0 percent), whites (4.4 percent), and Hispanics (7.9 percent) all held
about steady frora April to May. An exception to this pattern was a three-tenths
of a percentage point decrease in the jobless rate for adult men to 4.3 percent;
this followed an increase of a similar nagnitude in April* (See tables A-2 and A3.)
Average (maan) duration of .unemployment, at 11*3 weeks, declined nearly'a
full week over the monthr as the number of very long-term unen*?loyed —those who
are jobless for 6 roonths or more—declined by 125,-000. Median duration, at 5.3
weeksf was about unchanged- (See table A-7.)
The number of persons working part tiifts for accnosnic reasons—often referred to
as the partially unemployed—decreased by about 300,000 in May to 4*8 million,
(See table A-4*>
Civilian En^loyrosnt and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Civilian etployroent was little changed over the month at a seasonally
adjusted level of 117.2 million. The ejnploymsnt-populatiori ratio—the proportion
of the population that is enployed—maintained its record high 63.0 percent for
the third consecutive month. (See table A-2*)
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
i
•
i
!
!
1
Category
t
i
*
i
Quarterly
averaqes
1988 1 1989
IV
!
I
1
Monthly data
!
!
1989
; Mar. 1 Apr.
! May
1
,'Apr.IMay
Ichanqe
HOUSEHOLD DMA
!
1
T o t a l en^uoyment 1 / . . * !
C i v i l i a n labor f o r c e . . , . !
C i v i l i a n <2st¥>loyittsnt9* * 1
Unemployment.•».,..,•. !
Discouraged w o r k e r s • • .
l
124,084!
117,539!
122,388!
115,843!
6,545!
62,865!
951!
1
1
Thousands of
124,979! 124,948!
118,588! 118,820!
123,291! 123,264!
116,900! 117,136!
6,391! 6,128!
62,482! 62,633!
855!
N.A.!
1
»
jsrsons
125,343!
118,797!
123,659!
117,113!
6,546!
62,355!
N.A.!
l
\
125,283! -60
118,888!
91
123,610!
-49
117,215! 102
6,395! -151
62,571! 206
N.A.! N.A.
1
t
\
\
Percent of labor force
Unamployroent r a t a l s
All c i v i l i a n workers
White... • • « . . * . . . . « *
B l a c k . . . . . . . * . »».».>o
Hispanic o r i g i n • • • * •
!
t
1
1
1
5.3!
5o3!
4,71
4.7!
14,6!
4o6!
11.3!
7.8!
5.11
5.2!
4.51
4.6!
15.0!
4.4!
11.6!
7.2!
4.9!
5.0!
4.2!
4.6!
13.7!
4.2!
10.91
6.5!
5.2!
5.3!
4.6!
4.7!
14.4!
4.6!
10.8!
8.3!
5.11
5.21
4.3!
.4.8!
15.2!
4.4!
11.0!
7.9!
I
:
f
t
1
t
i
|
-0.1
-.1
-.3
.1
.8
-.2
.2
-.4
|
i
ESTABLXSEMENT DATA 2/
Nonfann a ^ l q y i r e n t * •. • •.
Service-prodi^cing
Thousands o f j c b s
106,799! 107,680! 107,888!plO8,094!p!08,195!
25,452! 25,634! 25,646! p25,664! p25,631!
81,346! 82,047! 82,242! p82,430! p82,564!
1
I
t
I
!
i
i
;
i
t
i
plOl
p-33
pl34
Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
. !
>
i
i
t
34.7!
•41.1!
3.9!
34,7!
41.1!
3.91
34,7!
41.0!
4.0!
p34.9!
p41.2!
p4.0!
I
i
1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
2/ Establishment data have been revised
to reflect March 1968 terx±marks and undated
seasonal adjustment factors.
i
p34.6! p-0.3
p41.0! p - . 2
p3.8! p - . 2
I
p=preliminary.
i
After rising substantially in the prior month, the civilian labor force was
little changed in M F ^ at 123.6 million* Over the year, the civilian labor force
rose by 2.4 million, with adult women accounting for 1.7 million of the gain and
adult men 800,000. (See table A-2.)
Industry Payroll Enployment (Establishment Survey Data)
Growth in nonagricultural employment continued to slow in May, as the number
of payroll jobs edged up by 100,000 to a level of 108.2 million, seasonally
adjusted.
(See table B-l.)
Averaging 160,000 over the last 3 months, payroll
errployment gains have been well off their average pace of 275,000 in the prior
12-month period. Virtually all of toy's modest esrployment growth occurred in the
service-producing sector, as the goods -producing industries experienced a small
job decline.
Employment in the goods sector lost what small gains it had made between
February and Aprilf. with a decline of 35,000 in May. Manufacturing employment,
off by 30,000 in the last 2 months, returned to its January level. The weakness
in manufacturing was widespread, as the number of jobs in most of its major
industry groups declined slightly or showed little change.
Employment in the
electrical equipment
industry declined
for the sixth consecutive month.
Construction hiring was just short of seasonal expectations, and, as a result,
the number of construction jobs decreased slightly on a seasonally adjusted
basis.
Construction enaploynaent has shown no consistent growth since January*
The number of raining jobs, which had edged up in March and April, was unchanged
in May.
Job gains in the service-producing sector have also slowed in recent months.
Employment in wholesale trade showed no change in May, following a gain of only
10,000 in April; this is in contrast to monthly gains averaging 20,000 in the
prior year.
Retail trade has also shown little or no job growth in the last 2
months, after posting strong gains in late 1988 and early this year. Enployment
in the services industry rose by 65,000 in May, well below its monthly average of
about 110,000 over the prior year. Gains in business services (up only 10,000 in
May and 40,000 over the last 3 months) have been well off the pace sustained
throughout iaost of the expansion* In contrast, health services, with a job gain
of 35f000 in toy, has shewn steady monthly growth* Another consistent job gainer
has been the transportation industry, where a May increase of 15,000 was about
average for that industry.
Slight employment expansion continued to be
registered in finance, insurance, and real estate*
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data_)_
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls decreased 0,3 hour to 34.6 hours in May, after seasonal
adjustment* This narked a return to the levels prevailing in February and March,
following an overstated increase in April, Similarly, both the factory workweek
and overtime fell 0.2 hour, to 41,0 and 3*8 hours, respectively, (See table B2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 127.5 . (1977=100), fell 0.9 percent in
May, on a seasonally-ad justed basis, reversing a similar increase in April. The
manufacturing index declined by 0.7 percent to 96.5*
Both movements were
responses to the April overstatement in hours« (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Following a sizable increase in April, average hourly earnings of private
production or nonsupervisory workers were about unchanged, in May, seasonally
adjusted. Reflecting the drop in the hours series, average ^weekly earnings
showed a seasonally adjusted decline of 0.8 percent.
Prior to seasonal
adjustment, average hourly earnings were little changed, while average weekly
earnings rose 1*0 percent* Over the past year, hourly earnings have risen by 3.7
percent and weekly earnings by 3*4 percent. (See tables B-3 and B~4«)
Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
In accordance with annual practice, the establishment survey data have been
revised to reflect complete counts of employment (benchrcarks). These counts are
principally derived frosn uneirployxnent insurance tax records for March 1988. The
effects of the benchmark revision on current data are shew* in table B, which
presents data for February 1989, February data are used because they represent
the last month of final published estimates prior to this benchmark revision.
Also in accordance with usual practice, seasonal adjustment factors have
been recalculated to incorporate the experience through March 1989. As a result,
seasonally adjusted series for the past 5 years are subject to revision. The HLS
uses the X-ll ARD£* (Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average) seasonal
adjustment methodology to seasonally adjust establishment-based esrplayroent,
hours, and earnings data* In the past, the X-ll AHIMA program has been run once
each year after benchnarkii^g and seasonal adjustment factors have been projected
and published for 12 months ahead. This year, the Bureau is introducing a
modification t6 this procedure to parallel that used in seasonally adjusting
household survey data. Projected seasonal adjustiaent factors are i>ow calculated
only for the first 6 months after benchmarksJK?, A second set of projected
seasonal factors, for isse during the subsequent period, will be ccsnputed based
upon data thrc&sgh Septe^nber and introduced with the release of data for October.
Revisions of historical data for ths.nsost recent 5 years will continue to be made
once a year, coincident with the benchsr&rk revisions.
The ELS is also working on an extension to X-ll SRXffik to allow it to adjust
more adequately for the effects of the presence or absence of raligious holidays
in the April survey reference period (as well as for the occasional effects of
Labor Day in the September survey reference period). If this research proves
successful, this extension will be introduced for the ccrc^aitation of the seasonal
adjustment factors to be published in November 1989»
All unadjusted establishment data series from .April 1987 forward and all
seasonally adjusted series frcan January 1984 forward are affected by the annual
revisions announced today* The June 1989 issue of Employment and Earnings will
contain a discussion of the effects of the benchmark revisions, revised seasonal
adjustment factors to be used during April~Septemher 1989, and an explanation of
-5the seasonal adjustment methodology. This issue will also present revised
estimates for all regularly published tables containing national establishment
survey data on employment, hours, and earnings. All of the revised historical
series will be published in a special supplement to Employment and Earnings,
which is expected to be issued in July. This supplement, when combined, with the
historical volume', Employment, Hours, and Earnings, United States, 1909-84 (BLS
Bulletin 1312-12), will comprise the full historical series on national data
obtained from the establishment survey.
Table B. Establishment survey employment estimates for February 1989,
not seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)
Industry
February 1989
employment
estimates
Before
revision
Total nonfarm employment
106,937
!Difference
As !
revised!
106,3421 -595
Total private
Mining.
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities.
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Services.
89,041
705
4,957
19,652
5,635
6,305
19,089
6,689
26,009
88,463!
696!
4,747!
19,518!
5,597!
6,115!
18,937!
6,698!
26,155!
Government
Federal
State
Local
17,896
2,969
4,177
10,750
17,879! -17
2,969!
0
4,189! 12
10,721! -29
-578
-9
-210
-134
-38
-190
-152
9
146
The Employment Situation for June 1989 will be released on Friday,
July 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EOT).
Explanatory Not®
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys*
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics <BlS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In ths household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including ths 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differenced
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in ah enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey docs not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 yeab of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
~ The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because etch individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees work ins *t
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys,*' which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasons! adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each yearT their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier 10 spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated. regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error
from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358.000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additions! statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published_each month by
BLS. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $25.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington," DC"
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany ail orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are pro*
vided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces In the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sax
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989
May
1988
Jan.
1969
Feb.
1939
Mar.
1989
Apr.
1989
May
1989
186,088
122,489
65.8
115.S36
62.3
1,714
114,222
3,292
110,930
6,553
5.3
63,599
187,708
124,260
63.2
118,031
62.9
1,684
116,347
3,116
113,231
6,229
5.0
63,448
187,854
124,869
66.5
113,712
63.2
1,673
117,039
3,284
113,755
6,158
4.9
62,985
186,088
122,917
68.1
118,117
62.4
1,714
114,403
3,110
111,293
6,800
5.5
63,171
187,340
125,124
66.8
118,407
63.2
1,696
116,711
3,300
113,411
6,716
5.4
62.218
187,461
124,665
66.6
118,537
63.2
1,684
116,853
3,223
113,630
6,328
5.1
62,596
187,581
124,943
66.6
118,820
63.3
1,684
117,136
3,206
113,930
6,128
4.9
62,633
187,708
125,343
66.8
118,797
63.3
1,684
117,113
3,104
114,009
6,546
5.2
62.365
187,854
t25,283
68.7
118,688
63.3
1,673
117,215
3,112
114,102
6,395
5.1
62.571
89,287
68,272
76.5
64,696
72.5
1,553
63,143
3,575
5.2
90,094
66.684
76.2
65,185
72.4
1.521
63,664
3,499
5.1
90,167
68,980
76.5
65,731
7^9
1,511
64,220
3,249
4.7
89,287
68,409
78.8
64,672
72.4
1.553
63,119
3,737
5.5
89,914
69,032
78.8
65,322
72.6
1,532
63,790
3,710
5.4
89,973
69,113
76.8
65.572
72.9
1,821
64,051
3,540
5.1
90,032
69,190
76.9
65,920
73.2
1.521
64,399
3,270
4.7
90,094
69,360
77.0
65,767
73.0
1,521
04,246
3,593
5.2
90,167
69,114
76.7
65,713
72.9
1,511
64,202
3,401
4.9
96,801
54,218
56.0
51,240
52.9
161
51.079
2,078
5.5
97.614
55,576
56.9
52,846
54.1
163
52,683
2,730
4.9
97.687
55,888
57.2
52.981
54.2
162
52,819
2,907
5.2
96.801
54,508
56.3
51.445
53.1
161
51,284
3.063
5.6
97,427
56,091
57.6
53,085
54.5
164
52.921
3,006
5.4
97,438
55.752
57.2
52,965
54.3
163
52,802
2.787
5.0
97,550
55,758
57.2
52,900
54.2
163
52,737
2,858
*6.1
97,614
55,983
57.4
53,029
54.3
163
52.868
2,953
5.3
97,687
56,169
57.5
53,175
54.4
162
53,013
2,994
5.3
TOTAL
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate*
Total employed*
Employment-population ratio 4 .
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
NonagriculturaJ industries
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate*
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
,
TotaJ employed2
4
Employment-population ratio .,
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
„
Unemployment rate 1
Wonted, 1 * y e w s and over
Noninstttutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
TotaJ employed3
„.
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed ...*.,............
Unemployment rate 1
,
1
The population And Armsd Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
* Includes members of the. Armed Force* stationed In the United
States.
* Labor force as a percent of the noninstftutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutionaJ population.
9
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment statue of the civilian population by M X and ago
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
May
1983
Apr.
1989
May
1969
May
1388
Jan.
1939
184,374
120,775
65.5
114,222
62.0
6,553
5.4
166,024
122.570
65.9
116,347
62.5
6,229
5.1
166,181
123,196
66.2
117,039
62.9
6,156
5.0
184,374
121,203
65.7
114,403
62.0
6,800
5.6
185,644
123,428
66.5
116,711
62.9
6,716
5.4
80,402
62,696
78.0
59,745
74.3
2,336
67,409
2,952
4.7
81,413
63,370
77.8
60.430
74.2
2,277
58,154
2,940
4.6
81.524
63.500
77.9
60,699
74.7
2,385
58,514
2,602
4.1
80,402
62,721
78.0
59,656
74.2
2,238
57,418
3,065
4.9
81,162
63,358
78.1
60,420
74.4
2,277
58,143
2,938
4.6
81,258
63,490
78.1
60,636
74.6
2,320
58,316
2.853
4.5
89,382
50,426
56.4
48,018
53.7
644
47,373
2,409
4.8
90,318
51,855
57.4
49,578
54.9
600
48,978
2,277
4.4
00,432
52,078
57.6
49,682
54.9
668
49,013
2.396
4.6
89,382
50,532
56.5
48,040
53.7
604
47,436
2,492
4.9
90,072
51,988
57.7
49,543
55.0
715
48,827
2,455
4.7
14,590
7,652
52.4
6,459
44.3
312
6,147
1,193
15.6
14,293
7,350
51A
6,338
44.3
240
6.093
1,012
13.8
14,224
7.617
53.6
6,459
45.4
232
6,227
1.158
15.2
14.590
7,950
54.5
6,707
46.0
268
6,439
1.243
15.6
14,410
8,071
56.0
6,748
46.8
307
6,441
1,323
16.4
Apr.
1989
May
1989
186.024
123,659
66.5
117,113
63.0
6,546
5.3
186,181
123,610
66.4
117,215
63.0
6,395
5.2
81,333
63,557
78.1
60.669
74.8
2,317
58,552
2,688
4.2
81.413
63,709
78.3
60,757
74.6
2,252
58,505
2,952
4.6
81,524
63.503
77.9
60,798
74.6
2,284
58,514
2.705
4.3
90,153
51,821
57.5
49,514
54.9
666
48,849
2,306
4.5
90,242
51,851
57.5
49,484
54.8
664
48,819
2,367
4.6
90,318
51,992
57.6
49,544
54.9
615
48,929
2,448
4.7
90,432
52,171
57.7
49,690
54.9
628
49,062
2,480
4.8
14,367
7,871
54.8
6,703
46.7
237
6,466
1,168
14.8
14,323
7.B56
54.9
6,783
47.4
224
6.559
1.073
13.7
14,293
7.958
55.7
6,812
47.7
237
6,575
1,146
14.4
14,224
7,936
55.8
6,726
47.3
200
6,526
1,210
15.2
Feb.
1989
Mar.
1989
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rato
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
185,777 185,897
123,181 123,264
66.3 !
66.3
116,853 117,136
62.9
63.0
6,328
6,128
5.1
5.0
Men, 20 yearn and over
Civilian noninstitutionaJ population.
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Agriculture.
Nonagricuitural I
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
,
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
NonagricutturaJ industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
„.
Doth atxes, 16 to 19 yews
Civilian rK>«n*triutJonal population .
Civilian labor force
Participation rate.
Employed.
Ernpioymont*popuiatjori r&tkr ....
Agriculture.
Nonagricultual industries.
Unemployed ....
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures ere not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and season&liy
adjusted cofumns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, aga, and Hlftpsnie origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted 1
Not ©«afto?iaUy adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
May
1988
Apr
1SB9
May
1989
May
1998
Jan.
1989
Fob.
1S89
Mar.
1989
Apr.
1989
May
1989
158,034
104,125
65.9
99,414
62.9
4,711
4.S
159,088
105,542
68.3
100,941
63.4
4,601
4.4
159,200
105,898
66.5
101.412
63.7
4,486
4.2
158,034
104,433
68.1
99,508
63.0
4,925
4.7
158,865
106,106
66.8
101,183
63.7
4,923
4.6
158.947
105,798
66.6
101,278
63.7
4,521
4.3
150,020
105,938
66.7
101.554
63.9
4,434
4.2
159,093
106,312
66.8
101,453
63.8
4,854
4.6
159,200
106,164
66.7
101,465
63.7
4,699
4.4
54,703
78.4
52,523
75.3
2,180
4.0
55,207
76.3
53,033
75.2
2,173
3.9
55,265
78.3
53,354
75.6
1,911
3.5
54,722
78.4
52,443
75.2
2,279
4.2
55,213
78.5
53,007
75.4
2,205
4.0
55,308
70.6
53,197
75.6
2,111
3.8
55,382
78.6
53,387
75.8
1,935
3.6
55,448
78.7
53,246
75.5
2,202
4.0
55,249
78.3
53,248
75.5
2,001
3.6
42,803
56.0
41,145
53.9
1,663
3.9
43,954
57.1
42,291
54.9
1,663
3.8
44,039
57.1
42,324
54.9
1,716
3.9
42,868
56.1
41,124
53.©
1,744
4.1
43,936
57.2
42,201
54.9
1,734
3.9
43,770
5(5.9
42,17?
54.8
1,593
3.3
43,780
56.9
42,115
54.7
1,665
3.8
44,016
57.2
42.207
54.8
1,810
4.1
44.084
67.2
42,282
54.9
1,303
4.1
6,614
55.7
5,746
48.4
868
13.1
13.0
13.2
6,332
55.0
5,617
48.4
765
12.0
12.7
11.2
6,593
57.0
5,734
49.6
359
13.0
13.9
12.0
6,843
57.6
5,941
50.0
902
13.2
14.0
12.3
6,958
59.6
5,975
51.1
983
14.1
' 16.4
11.7
6,720
57.7
5,£>04
50,7
316
12.1
14.0
10.2
6,826
58.7
6,052
52.1
.774
11.3
12.3
10.2
6,343
59.0
8,005
51.6
843
12.3
13.1
11.5
6,831
59.0
5,936
51.3
895
13.1
14.3
11.2
20,650
13,042
63.2
11,440
55.4
1,602
12.3
20,956
13,121
62.6
11,689
55.8
1,422
10.6
20,986
13,372
63.7
11,882
56.6
1,491
11.1
20,650
13,102
63.4
11,514
55.8
1,583
12,1
20,877
13,477
64.6
11,860
56.8
1,617
12,0
20,905
13,476
64.5
11,873
56.8
1,603
•11.9
20,930
13,425
64,1
11.961
57.1
1,484
10.9
20,936
13,287
63.4
11.346
56.5
1,442
10.8
20,936
13,444
64.1
11,963
57.0
1,476
11.0
fttai, 20 years s»d over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
~
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,123
74,7
5,465
66.7
656
10.7
6,165
73.9
5,515
66.1
650
10.5
6,222
74.5
5,616
67.2
606
9.7
6,107
74.5
5,469
66.7
638
10.4
6,226
75.0
5,576
67.2
850
10.4
6,199
74.8
5,549
66.7
650
10.5
6,230
74.8
5,620
67.5
611
9.8
8,171
74.0
5,554
66.6
317
10.0
6,207
74.3
5,622
67.3
563
9.4
Woman, 20 years and ov#r
Civilian labor force
,
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
,
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate
,
6,061
59.0
5,414
527
647
10.7
6,174
59.1
5,637
54.0
536
8.7
6,293
60.2
5.694
54.4
599
9.5
6,099
59.4
5,453
53.1
646
10.6
6,389
61.2
5,706
54.9
663
10.4
6,349
61.0
5,697
54.7
651
10.3
6,315
60.5
5,739
55.0
576
9.1
6,227
59.6
5,677
54.3
550
8.8
6,340
60.6
5,740
54.9
600
9.5
857
39.3
560
25.7
297
34.6
33.1
36.7
783
36.0
546
25.1
236
30.2
33.6
26.8
857
39.4
572
26.3
285
33.3
37.0
29.5
896
41.1
592
27.2
304
33.9
33.2
34.8
881
40.5
577
26.5
304
34.5
36.7
32.0
9,28
42.7
627
28.8
301
32.4
33.1
31.6
880
40.5
602
27.7
278
31.6
28.6
34.8
830
40.9
615
28.3
274
30.8
35.5
26.2
897
41.3
606
27.9
291
32.4
36.9
28.4
I
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutfonal population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Man, 20 y«&rs and ever
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rata
Women, 20 years snd over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
,
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
.Unemployment rats
...t
,
,
,
Both M 2 9 8 , 1 8 to 19 y*aro
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
:.
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
Participation rat®
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
..........
Unemployment rate ,
,
,
Both sexes, 19 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
•
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
See footnotes at end of table.
'.
I
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by raca, s«x, age, and Hlapanlc origin—Continued
{Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted'
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
May
1938
HISPAHIC ORIGIN
Apr.
1989
May
1989
May
1988
Jan.
1989
Feb.
1989
Mar.
1989
Apr.
1989
May
1969
13,690
9,210
67.3
8r461
61.8
749
8.1
13,731
9,334
68.0
8,608
62.7
725
7.8
13,268
8,910
67.2
8,128
61.3
782
8.8
13,564
9,205
67.9
8,434
62.2
771
8.4
13.606
9,219
67.8
6,596
63.2
624
6.8
13,649
9,210
67.5
8,607
63.1
603
6.5
13,690
9,262
67.7
8,495
62.1
767
8.3
13,731
9,428
68.7
8,636
63.3
742
7.9
I
13,268
8,819
66.5
8,058
60.7
762
8.6
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratioa
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
I
J_
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutiona!
population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Tab** A-4. Sotocted employment indicate**
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category
Seasonally adjusted
May
1988
Jan.
1989
Feb.
1989
Mar.
Apr.
1989
May
1989
117,039
40,984
29,790
6,356
114,403
40,317
28,632
6,000
118,711
40,925
23,589
6,416
116,853
40,928
29,412
6,335
117,136
41,063
'29,569
6,256
117,113
40,890
29,656
6,243
117,215
40,902
29,739
6,331
1,608
1,335
123
1,718
1,411
155
1,574
1,385
155
1,684
1,387
189
1,645
1,419
150
1,653
1,403
138
1,554
1,419
124
1,610
1,358
127
101,786
t7,090
84,696
1,180
83.516
6,846
287
104,301
17,403
86,898
1,091
85,807
8,636
233
104,878
17,368
87,510
i,i5e
86,352
6,559
318
102,145
16,948
85,199
1,152
84,047
8,816
301
104,510
17,393
87,117
1,196
85,921
8,718
293
104,797
17,311
87,436
1,135
36,350
8,517
285
104,982
17,382
87,600
1,163
86,437
8,645
332
104,935
17,180
87,006
1,117
86,689
8,671
281
105,245
17,230
88,015
1,128
86,887
3,516
322
4,674
2,096
2,215
15,544
4,733
5,266
2,204
16,676
4(624
2,115
2,200
16,082
4,878
2,267
2,353
14,813
5,097
2,302
2,352
15,401
4,901
2,303
2,333
15,126
4,968
2,232
2,393
15,561
5,143
2,373
2,425
15,498
4,837
2,296
2,343
15,316
4,464
2,006
2,126
15,012
4,600
2,158
2,146
16,205
4,411
1,970
2,142
15,650
4,676
2,136
2,276
14,376
4,837
2,144
2,283
14,970
4,697
2,105
2,272
14,688
4,709
2,048
2,317
15,127
4,930
2,243
2,369
15.060
4,609
2.102
2.301
.14,976
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989
114,222
40,398
28,681
6,034
116,347
40,726
29,804
6,235
1,685
1,419
186
CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and ovor
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spcuse present
Women who maintain families
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
NonagriculturaJ industries:
Wage and ftaluy workers
Government
Private Industries
Private households
Other Industries
Serf-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
.»...
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIMS1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Sleek work
Could only find psrt-timo work
Voluntary oart
time
Nonagricuttural industries:
Part time for economic raasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
* ..
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during tho survey
period for such reasons aa vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tabla A-5, Rcngo of unomploymant moeaurea baaed on varying definitions of unemployment and tha tabor force, eeaoonaily adjusted
(Parcant)
Quarterly averages
Measure
Monthly data
1989
1BBB
Apr,
U*1 Persons unemployed 15 w«aks or longer at a percent of tha
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.3
4.4
4.2
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.9
5.3
5,1
6.1
5.0
4.0
4.8
U-5a Tctal unemployed ee a p&rcont of tha tabor fores,
Including tho rooldont Armed Forces
5.0
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.1
U-6b Total unempto.vd so a percent of tho civilian labor ferce
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.3
5.2
5.0
5.3
5.2
U-8 Total full-time ]ob&e*k«ra plus 1/2 pert-time Jobseckera plus
1/2 total on part tima for economic reasons as & percent of
the civilian labor fore** lacs 1/2 of the part-time labor force
7.9
7.6
7.6
7.5
7.2
7.1
7.4
7.1
U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 pert-timo joboeekers
plus 1 /2 total on port time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workera fta a percent of the civilian iabor force plus
discouraged workers l«ss 1/2 of the part-time labor force
6.7
6.2
8.4
8.2
7.9
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
1.2
1.1
civilian labor forco
U-2 Job losers es a percent of tho civilian labor force
,
U-3 Unemployed persons 23 years and over aa a percent of the
civilian labor force
.\
U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseeksrs as a percent of the
fulMJme cMllan labor fore©
2.2
2.4
4.0
4.1
4,8
5.0
N.A. • not available.
Table A-8. Stolscfsei unemployment Indicator*? seasonally edjutted
Number of
unemployed persona
(In thousands)
Unemployment rates1
Category
May
1968
Apr.
1989
6,800
3,737
3.068
3,063
2,492
1,243
6,546
3,593
2,952
2,953
2,448
1,146
1,335
1,174
547
May
1968
Jan.
1969
Feb.
1989
Mar.
1909
Apr.
May
1989
6,395
3,401
2,705
2,9(94
2,460
1,210
5.8
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.9
15.6
5.4
5.5
4.6
5.4
4.7
16.4
5.1
5.2
4.6
5.0
4.5
14.8
5.0
4.8
4.2
5.1
4.8
13.7
5.3
5.3
4.6
5.3
4.7
14.4
5.2
5.0
4.3
5.3
4.8
15.2
1,347
1,247
513
1,221
1,189
576
3.3
3.9
8.4
3.1
3.6
8.0
3.1
3.4
8.0
2.9
3.5
7.9
3.2
4.0
7.6
2.9
3.8
8.3
5,413
1,342
5,247
1,295
5,104
1,242
5.2
7.7
6.4
5.0
7.9
6.2
4.8
7.3
5.9
4.8
6.2
5.8
5.0
7.2
6.0
4.8
6.9
5.9
5,069
1,801
74
659
1,163
635
533
3,166
272
1,429
1,467
512
222
5,003
1,753
42
616
1,095
614
461
3,250
235
1,381
1,604
485
183
4,832
1,704:
38
588
1,078
577
500
3,128
262
1.292
1.5731
520
186
5.6
8.5
G.4
10.5
5.3
4.9
5.9
5.2
4.2
6.3
4.6
2.9
12.4
5.6
6.4
6.1
10.4
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.2
3.8
6.3
4.7
2.7
9.5
5.1
6.1
8.0
10.0
4.9
4.4
5.5
4.7
3.9
5.6
4.3
2.7
8.9
5.0
5.8
7.0
9.4
4.6
4.7
4.9
4.6
3.9
5.6
4.1
2.6
8.9
5.4
6.0
5.6
9.7
4.9
4.7
5.2
5.1
4.0
5.9
4.8
2.7
10.5
5.2
5.8
4.5
9.3
4.9
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.7
2.9
10.3
May
1989
CHARACTERISTIC
Totaj, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and ovsr
Women, 16 years end over
Women, 20 years snd over
Both saxes, 16 to 19 years
,
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain famines
,
*..«
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost1
INDUSTRY
NonagriculturaJ private w«g« end salary workers
Qoods-produdng Industries
Mining
Construction
,
Manufacturing
Durable coods
Nondurable gooda
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utiWIes
Wholesale and retail trada
Finance and sarvics industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available la!x>r force hours.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
May
1988
Apr.
1989
May
1989
May
1988
Jan.
1989
3.035
1,753
1,765
891
874
2,778
1,804
1,647
878
769
3,008
1,708
1,440
792
3,072
2,068
1,614
789
625
3,247
1,865
1,304
665
648
3.181 |
2,031
1,512
757
755
14.4
5.9
13.5
6.3
12.4
5.3
13.8
5.9
12.7
5.7
12.1
5.3
|
Feb.
1989
i
j
Mar.
1989
s
:
Apr.
1989
3.055
1,821
1,310
648
663
!
|
3.090 |
3,041
2.034 j
1,426 •
!
!
i
12.4 !
5.4 :
689
737 j
2,017
1.313
702
611
May
1SS9
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over ,
Average (mean) duration, in wesks
Median duration, in weeks
I
639
12.7
<
5.4 j
i
11.8
5.3
i
t
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
100.0
46.3
26.8
26.9
13.6
13.3
100.0
44.6
29.0
26.4
14.1
12.3
100.0
48.9
27.7
23.4
12.9
10.5
100.0
45.5
30.6
23.9
11.7
12.2
100.0
47.0
30.7 ]
22.3
11.2
11.1
100.0
50.6
29.1
20.3 j
10.4 j
10.0 '
100.0
49.4
29.4
21.2
10.5
10.7
i
;
i
!
i
'
j
100.0 :
47.2!
21.1 i
21.8 i
10.5 !
11.3 j
100.0
47.7
317
20 6
11.0
9.6
Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Reasons
Apr.
1989
May
1989
2.331
B08
2,023
885
1,730
713
2.984
847
2.137
07H
1.894
571
2,724
790
1,934
1t114
1.852
100.0
45.2
12.2
33.0
15.5
27.3
12.0
100.0
46.0
13.1
32.8
14.4
28.1
11.6
100.0
45.7
13.0
32.7
15.0
29.0
10.3
100.0
42.7
12.4
30.3
17.5
29.1
10.7
2.5
2.3
2.3
2.4
.8
1.5
.6
.8
1.4
.7
1.4
.6
.8
1.5
.5
2.2
.9
1.5
.6
May
1988
Jan.
1989
Feb.
1989
2,601
681
1,920
965
1,880
710
3,201
806
2.395
942
1,804
811
3.121
827
2,294
935
1,835
780
2,376
774
2.102
985
1,740
765
100.0
48.0
12.6
35.4
14.3
27.6
10.1
100.0
42.3
11.1
31.2
15.7
30.5
11.5
100.0
47.4
11.9
35.4
13.9
26.7
12.0
100.0
46.4
12.3
34.1
14.7
27.3
11.6
2.6
2.4
2.2
2.6
.7
1.5
.7
1.4
.5
.8
1.5
.6
.8
1.5
.7
May
1966
Apr.
1969
3,058
698
2,360
620
1,835
841
2,990
787
2.203
889
1,720
630
100.0
46.7
10.7
36.0
12.5
28.0
12.8
May
1989
Mar.
•1989
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
.
Other iob losers
Job leavers
—
..
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total Ltnemoloved
Job losars
On l&voff
Other iob losers
Job leavers
.....
•*•
••••
R Qfifitrfl nts
• *••*
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
.7
•6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Un*mp3oy«d persons by sex and ago, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates1
Sex and age
May
1988
Apr.
1939
May
1988
May
1986
Jan.
1989
Feb.
1S69
Mar.
1989
Apr.
1969
May
1989
6,800
2.513
1.243
533
700
1,270
4,253
3,765
498
6,546
2,344
1,146
463
667
1,198
4,191
3.761
451
6,395
2.303
1.210
500
701
1,093
4,074
3,623
453
5.6
11.2
15.6
16.7
14.8
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.3
5.4
•11.9
16.4
18.3
15.4
9.3
4.1
4.2
3.1
5.1
10.5
14.8
13.2
12.7
8.1
4.0
4.2
3.1
5.0
9.B
13.7
15.3
12.5
7.7
3.9
4.1
2.6
5.3
10.5
14.4
14.9
13.8
8.4
4.1
4.4
2,9
5.2
10.4
15.2
16.2
14.5
7.7
4.0
4.2
2.9
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
3,737
1.352
672
291
377
680
2.348
2,051
304
3,593
1,238
641
274
368
597
2,344
2,070
233
3,401
1,270
696
301
390
574
2,099
1,845
258
5.6
11.5
16.3
17.4
15.3
8.9
4.3
4.4
3.5
5.5
12.8
18.6
20.6
17.9
9.6
4.0
4.2
3.0
5.2
11.1
16.7
19.6
15.1
8.1
4.0
4.1
3.4
4.8
9.7
14.2
15.8
13.2
7.2
3.8
4.0
2.6
5.3
10.7
15.5
17.0
14.6
8.0
4.2
4.4
3.2
5.0
11.0
17.0
18.8
15.7
7.7
3.7
3.9
2.9
Women. 16 years and over .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
3,063
1,161
571
245
323
590
1,905
1,714
194
2,953
1,106
505
139
299
601
1,847
1,685
169
2,994
1,034
514
199
311
520
1,975
1,782
195
5.6
10.9
15.0
16.0
14.2
8.6
4.4
4.6
3.1
5.4
10.9
14.0
15.9
12.7
9.1
4.1
4.3
3.1
5.0
9.7
12.8
16.8
10.0
6.0
3.9
4.2
2.5
5.1
10.0
13.1
14.6
11.7
6.3
4.0
4.3
2.3
5.3
10,4
13.2
12.7
12.8
8.9
4.1
4.4
2.6
5.3
9.8
13.4
13.4
13.3
7.7
4.4
4.8
3.0
May
•1969
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Table A-10. Employment status of Mack end otter worker*
(Numbers in thousands)
&»«Kta«y adjusted1
Not &6fl9Gnsiffy a<t|ifat#ct
Employment status
Civilian noninstftutionsJ population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population
ratio3
Unemployed
Unemployment
rate
Not in labor force
„....
,
«..
May
1966
Apr.
1989
May
1689
May
1988
Jan.
1969
Feb.
1989
Mar.
1969
Apr.
1969
26,340
16,650
63.2
14,807
56.2
1,843
11.1
9,600
28,926
17,034
63.3
15,406
57.2
1.628
9.6
9,892
26,961
17,296
64.1
16.627
57.9
1.671
9.7
9,683
26,340
16,711
63.4
14,682
56.5
1,829
10.9
9,62$
26,779
17,283
64.5
15,449
57.7
1.833
10.8
9,406
26,630
17,386
64.6
16,540
57.9
1.&46
10,6
9.444
20,877
17,347
64.5
15,661
56.2
1,696
9.8
9,530
26,926
17,319
64.3
16.656.
58.1
1,664
9.6
9,607
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal venation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadju»ted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
* Civilian employment u
population.
26,981
17,364
64.4
15,707
58.2
1.657
9.5
9,617
a percent of the cMlian noninatitutionai
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Occupation
May
1988
May
1938
May
1969
114,222
117,039
6,553
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty...
29,113
14,289
14,824
30,627
15,041
15,586
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
34,740
3,363
13,463
17,914
Service occupations
Private household
-»
Protective service
•..*•
.............
Service, except private household and protective
15,250
905
May
1969
May
1988
May
1989
6,156
5.4
5.0
499
299
200
588
323
265
1.7
2.0
1.3
1.9
2.1
1.7
35,786
3,613
14,005
18,168
1,477
105
637
734
1,470
98
594
779
4.1
3.0
4.5
3.9
3.9
2.6
4.1
4.1
1,884
12,461
15,434
878
1,916
12,640
1,116
51
94
970
1,089
94
65
930
6.8
5.4
4.8
7.2
6.6
9.7
3.3
6.9
Precision production, craft, and repair
....
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades *...*
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,859
4,553
5,180
4,126
13,551
4,650
4,949
3,953
749
163
364
223
721
154
385
182
5.1
3.4
6.6
5.1
5.1
3.2
7.2
4.4
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers ^
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
17,540
7,988
4,823
4,729
717
4,011
18,037
8,312
4,925
4,800
713
4,087
1,596
642
283
671
186
485
1,342
641
208
493
126
368
8.3
7.4
10.8
6.9
7.2
4.0
9.3
15.0
8.3
3,720
3,604
242
205
6.1
5.4
Total, 16 years and over1
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
5.5
12.4
20.6
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job \
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
Tablo A-12. Employment status of mate Vtotn
ns and nonvetarans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Veteran status
and age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Total
Employed
Percent of
labor force
Number
May
1988
' May
1989
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
May
1969
1986
1989
1988
1989
1988
1989
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
.•
45 years and over
718
505
677
460
616
430
2,214
3,043
1,925
1,789
3,276
2,357
2,095
2,924
1,594
1,685
3,133
1,953
2,005
2,817
1,544
1,621
3.055
1,906
306
256
59
90
107
50
20,284
9,048
6,751
4,485
21,342
9,348
7,358
4,636
19,115
8,539
6,409
4,167
20,216
8,922
6,973
4,321
18,334
8,167
6,167
4,000
19,474
8,567
6,721
4,186
781
372
242
167
7,900
5,975
7,927
5.570
7,290
5,696
7,231
5,278
6,984
5,440
7,012
5,106
219
172
30
64
78
47
4.2
4.5
8.7
4.3
3.7
3.1
3.0
3.3
6.5
3.8
2.5
2.4
742
355
252
135
4.1
4.4
3.8
4.0
3.7
4.0
3.6
3.1
NQN VETERANS
Total. 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven !ar$e States
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
Stats and smployment status
Seasonally edjuoW
May.
1988
Apr.
1989
May.
1989
May.
1988
Jan.
1989
Feb.
1939
Mar.
1989
Apr.
1969
May.
1989
Civilian noninstitutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
Employed
..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20,803
13,981
13,171
810
5.8
21,059
14,051
13.328
724
5.1
21,035
14,259
13,524
738
5.2
20,803
14,057
13,193
864
6.1
20,994
14,220
13,505
715
5.0
21,016
14,117
13,405
712
5.0
21,037
14,120
13,480
640
4.5
21,059
14,096
13.339
757
5.4
21,035
14,331
13,546
765
5.5
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
9,665
6,115
5,826
289
4.7
9,902
6,197
5.360
318
5.1
9,924
6,247
5,361
337
6.2
9,665
6,096
5,793
303
5.0
9.339
6,155
5,793
362
5.9
9,860
6.036
5,762
324
5.3
9,881
6,179
5,830
299
4.8
9,902
6,245
5,922
323
5.2
9.924
6,227
5.827
400
6.4
Civilian noninstitutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
«
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ..................................................
8.728
5.700
5,307
392
6.9
8.699
5,880
5.544
337
5.7
8,698
5,878
5,530
348
5.9
8,728
5,716
5,338
380
6.6
8,709
5.837
5.491
346
5.9
3.706
5,976
5,663
313
5.2
8,702
5,933
5,643
335
5.6
8,699
5,960
5,640
320
5.4
8,698
5,899
5,563
336
5.7
Civilian noninstitutional population
QvH&n labor force
Employed
. ~ .„«..»•
....
Unemployed
.
.
.
.
Unemployment r&to .............................................
4,596
3,103
3,019
84
2.7
4,696
3,176
3.061
118
3.7
4,598
3,170
3,062
108
3.4
4,596
3.127
3,035
92
Z9
4.598
3,166
3,033
103
3.3
4,598
3,205
3,094
111
3.5
4,593
3,160
3,051
109
3.4
4,533
3.197
3.077
120
3.8
4.598
3,196
3.080
118
3.6
Civilian noninstitutional population .»...„.„„„„„............
CMtian Iftbor force ......,..,.,...,..,m...m.,.i,--,,,.,,i,,-,r,,,i..
Employed
Unemployment rats ...............................................
7,014
4.525
4.229
296
6.5
7,087
4,537
4,259
278
6.1
7,095
4,578
4,285
293
6.4
7,014
4,525
4,215
310
6.9
7.069
4,637
4.364
323
6.9
7.075
4.666
4,382
286
61
7,081
4,620
4,316
304
66
7,037
4,573
4,296
277
61
7,095
4,581
4,273
308
87
Civilian noninstitutional population
..
..
Civilian labor force ...............„................_...........»....,..
Employed
.............„..,.„..................„...„„„,.,.,
Unemployed
«....„Unemployment rate ...............................................
0,034
3,966
3317
149
3.8
6,057
3,960
3,818
142
3.6
6,059
3,972
3,852
120
3.0
6,034
3,945
3,798
147
3.7
6,051
4,046
3,338
158
3.9
8,053
4,043
3,334
159
3.9
6,055
4,010
3,690
120
3.0
6,057
3,977
3,816
161
4.0
6,059
3,952
3.834
118
3.0
13.794
8.284
7.943
341
4.1
13,807
8.647
8.166
480
5.6
13,809
8,587
3,139
448
5.2
13,794
8,462
3,109
353
4.2
13,606
8,621
8,193
423
4.9
13,807
8,701
8,258
443
5.1
13,606
3,540
8,173
387
4.3
13,807
3,341
3,323
513
5.8
13.309
3,770
8.307
463
5.3
4.899
3,306
3,198
110
3.3
4,991
3,424
3,286
136
4.0
5,000
3,441
3.324
118
3.4
4,399
3,331
3,213
118
3.5
4,967
3,435
3,302
133
3.9
4,975
3,390
3,283
107
3.2
4,983
3,415
3,311
104
3.0
4,991
3,473 .
3,330
146
4.3
5,000
3,467
3,340
127
3.7
8,235
5.269
4.9G6
303
5.8
8,303
5,357
5.085
273
5.1
8,310
5,419
5,143
276
5.1
8,235
5,234
4,960
324
6.1
8,233
5,426
5,094
33?
8.1
3,292
5,432
5.152
230
5.2
8,298
5,423
5.144
234
52
8,303
5,381
5,093
288
5.4
8,310
5,434
5,138
296
5.4
California
«...
NMneto
NowYorfe
CMIisn noninstitutionaJ popuiation
CivMlnn lahnr fnrrai
Unemployed
«.,«.« „.„......„„„..
Unemployment rate ................................................
North Carotin*
CMfttn nontrtstitutionaJ population
Ctvtiiftfl labor force
Employed
Unemployment rate
.....
:
Ohio
Civilian nonihsiitutional population
ClvHian labor force
Employed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
...
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
TaWs A-13. Employment status of tfw efeftan population to? efevan
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted3
abutted'
State and<
May.
1886
Apr.
1969
Msy.
1869
May.
1968
Jsn.
1969
Feb.
1989
Mar.
1939
Apr.
1989
May.
1989
9.361
6.661
&380
S01
5.0
9.418
5*840
9,424
5.596
256
4.4
9.404
5,947
5.689
258
4.3
9,409
5,932
5,679
253
4.3
9,413
6,012
6.606
234
4.0
9,361
5,724
5,430
204
9,418
5.940
5,677
263
4.4
9,424
5,920
5,649
271
4.6
12,012
8*300
11.988
8,242
11,987
8,233
11,997
11,967
7,666
576
7.0
7.744
469
5.9
7.713
590
11,994
8,254
7,703
551
11,988
8,350
7.608
602
7.3
12,012
6,323
7,721
602
72
7.1
6.7
7,729
621
7.4
7,782
488
5.9
Pemwytvante
CMHan norinstttutional poputetio
CrvHian labor fores
Employed
Unemployment rate-.
CMHan noninstftuttonal populate
Civilian labor fores,
Employed.
Unemployed.
Unemployment rats .
1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics* tsttnetss ussd in Ins
administration of Federal fund allocation propsms.
2
The populationfiguresare not adjusted for esssonsi vi^tiofi; trwrotor*.
5.1
6,303
5,778
234
3.9
11,991
8,283
7,788
495
6.0
8,250
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
cotumns.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA .
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. EMployiw on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Induatry
Total
Total private
Goods_producing industries.
Mining
,.,
Oil and gas extraction
..,
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Production workers
Durabla goods
,
Production workers..,
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basie steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, axeept electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods.
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products.
Apparel and other textile products.
Pacer and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products
I
I
Not seasonally adjusted
Kay
1988
I
MOP.
1
Seasonally adjusted
| A P P . May
1939 |19£9E/
| May
19S9 £ / | 1932
Fob.
X989
Jan.
1939
| Mar.
1989
Apr. I May
1959fi/ 1989 E /
105,5351107,017 1107,9361108,6291105,0911107 442 107,711 107,833 108,094 108,195
I
I
I
I
I
897 90,124 90,291 90.472 90,541
87,8611 89,0521 89,9711 90,6331 87,756)
89 626 25,629 25,646 25,664 25,631
25,1791 25,
I
I 711!I
I 7»!
I
394.1)
25,1711 25,0951 25,4041.25,622!
412|
7221I 4,837
7021 5.117
711! 5,303
716
5,141
5,100
1,362.71
1,367
406.81 1,287.3
390.5) 1,330.4
394.1) 1.363.9
393.9
19,308) 19,556 19,576 19,603 19,354
13,186) 13.348 13,363 13,390 13,221
11,3951 11,550. 11,570
7,6121 7,7101 7,728
11,580
755.01 757.4
761.2
770.8
526.7 j 534.81 534.6
530.1
592.21 603.01 609.6
604.3
789.61 785.31 7 8 4 . 3
769.9
276.4
277.5
274.4
275.0
1,423.9 1,451.3 l,449.4|l,451.4|
2,070.3 2,147.2 2,147.112,148.81
2,056.212,051.7 2,048.412,041.91
2,056.812,066.6 2,076.312,076.0)
859.31 868.6
877.51 831.3]
741.71 774.0
775.91 776.61
384.01 357.9
389.81 390.7]
7,9131
5,5741
3,006
5,638j
8,0C6
5,635
1,592.811,598.611,600.4
51.2
54 .51
51.8
111.2 7 2 7 . 0
732.7
1,099.211 ,102 .3 1 , 0 9 9 . 5
690.11 693 .1 6 9 2 . 3
1,553.7 1,599 .8 1 , 6 0 1 . 7
1,053.5 1,034 .4 1 , 0 3 6 . 4
161.21
15S .1
162.4
345 .5 8 4 4 . 6
827.5
141.6
142 .4
144.7
3,023
5,649
1,614.3
49.4
729.0
1,093.0
694.3
1,600.1
1,088.9
163.7 j
842.11
142.2
11,399
7,610
711
393
,2S7
,4041
I
,648
,423
.605
,758
711
394
714
3971
720
401
719
399
5,270
1,393
5,2521
1,3301
5,275
1,376
5,261
1,373
19,680! 19,669
13,442 13,433
11,604 11,599
7,749
7,745
19,651
13*428
11*586
7,740
772
536
605
788
275
1,454
2,143
2,059
2,074
876
777
391
772
533
604
784
275
1,453
2,145
2,052
2,074
878
778
391
19,648
13,426
11,594
7,749
762!
529|
5991
7691
2781
1,4261
2,067
2,0661
2,0541
8561
7431
3341
784
532
607
786
276
,453
,134
,065
,079
382
770
390
7771
778
535)
534
6071
603
7881
786
276
276
1,457
1,458
2,1331 • 2,143
2,062) 2,060
2,071
2,067
869
871
776
772
390
391
7,9551
5,6111
.043
.665
8,054
5,677
8,076
5,693
8*070
5,688
8,065
5,638
1*632
55
732
1,095
692
1,555
1,061
161
327
145
.650
56
728
,092
696
,595
,084
160
839
143
1,650
56
723
1,096
696
1,595
1*085
161
343
144
1*655
56
729
1,101
697
1,600
1,038
161
345
144
1,657
54
728
1,097
696
1*600
1,090
162
843
143
1,655
53
728
1,094
696
1,602
1,091
163
841
142
82,430
32,564
82*532
83,007
79,912
81,816
32,032
82,242
Transportation and public utilities..
Transportation
Communication and public utilities.
5,522
3,312
2,210
5,607!
3,404
2,203
5,649
3,443
2,206
5,693
3,485
2,208
5,522
3*308
2*214
654
439
215
5,667
3,453
2,214
5,666
3,452
2,214
5,682
3,4671
2*2151
5,694
3,482
2,212
Hholesale trsde
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
5,998
3,545
2,453
6,154
3,65a
2,496
6,187
3,663
2,519
6,204
3,679
2,525
6*001
3*544
2,457
146
638
508
6,171
3,657
2,514
6,197
3,676
2,521
6,207
3,675
2,532
6,209
3,679
2,530
19,040
2,334.3
3,052.9
2,073.3
6,335. 6
19,059
2,393.0
3,184.3
2,129.4
6 ,164. 2
19,2771 19,5081 19,036
2,407.512,414.31 2,457
3,195.0)3,217.5) 3,069
2,147.412,157.21 2,075
6 ,316.016,460.6) 6,271
19,407
2,472
3,200
2,143
6,323
19,460
2,481
3,212
2,150
6,332
19,488
2,490
3*223
2,155
6*322
19,491
2,495
3,231
2,158
6*335
19,508
2,439
3,234
2*153
6,346
6,652
3,277
2,073
1,302
6,723
3,306
2,115
1,302
6*654
3,234
2,074
1,296
6,746
3,308
2*109
1*329
6*763
3,311
2,116
1,336
6,781
3,318
2,US
1,345
6,783
3,320
2,122
1,346
25,478) 26,414 26,700 26,813 25,364
5,529
5,515.615,673.215,718.0 5,750.9
7,030
7,067.7)7,480.1 7,513,0 7,548.6
I
17,6721 17,9651i 17,965 17,9961 17,335
2,9691 2,9761 2,9751 2,9701 2,962
4,118
4,213) 4,2221 4,20C| 4,059
10,585 10,7761 10,7631 10,S26| 10,314
26,313
5,707
7,396
26,434
5,729
7*442
26,520
5,736
7,488
26,647
5,758
7,528
17,545
2,978
4,034
10,483
17,587
2,932
4*095
10,510
17,597
2,982
4,102
10,513
17,622
2,975
4,111
10,536
26,711
5,768
7,564
17,654
2,964
4,138
10,552
Service-producing industries.
Retai 1 trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
Eating and drinking placas
Finance, insurance** and real estate.
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business service
Health services.
Government.
Faderal..
State
Local
80,362
81,922
6,754)
3,308)
2,1161
1,330
6,783)
3,313)
2,122
1,353
_L
6,774
3,316
2,117)
1,341)
i
NOTE: Data have be«nravbsdtortfltci M&rch 1938 benchmarks and
updesod seesonti adjustment factor*.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
\
May
1988
Mar.
1989
Apr.
1989o/
May
19S
May
1988
Jan.
1989
F«b.
1989
Mar.
1989
Apr.
I989fi/
May
1989p/
34.6
34.4
34.8
34.5
34.7
34.8
34.6
34.7
34.9
Mining
42.2
42.0
42.9
(2)
(2)
C2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Construction
37.4
41.0
3.8
37.9
41.0
Z.t
(2)
41.1
3.9
(2)
41.1
3.9
(2)
41.0 |
4.0 I
(2)
41.2
4.0
C2)
Manufacturing
Overtime hours.
38.3
41.0
3.7
41 .9
37 .7
41.0
3.8
Durable goods-.
Overtime hours.
41.7
4.0
41.7
4.0
41.7
3.9
41.8
4.1
41.8
4.1
41.7
4.1
41.8
4.1
41.5
3.9
40.5
39.1
42.8
43.6
43.9
41.8
42.4
40.7
43.0
44.2
41.2
39.1
39.8
39.6
41.9
43.5
44.0
41.7
42.6
40.5
43.3
44.2
41.2
39.4
40.3
39.3
42.7
43.3
43.7
41.6
42.5
40.7
43.0
43.7
41.3
39.6
40.3
39.8
42.5
43.6
44.0
41.9
42.5
40.9
42.8
43.6
41.5
39.4
39.6
39.7
42.2
43.4
43.
41.
42.
40.
43.
43.
41._
39.5
40.0
39.8
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.6
43.1
43.9
41.1
39.5
40.3
39.9
42.6
43.4
43.6
41.8
42.7
41.0
42.8
43.3
41.5
39.8
39.7
39.5
42.1
43.4
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.8
42.1
42.2
41.2
39.7
39.9
3.4
39.9
16
40.1
3.5
40.1
3.6
40.2
3.7
40.1
3.8
40.4
3.8
40.2
3.7
40.0
39.4
40.7
36.8
43.1
37.5
42.1
44.1
41.7
37.6
39.9
36.3
41.0
36.9
43.0
37.9
42.3
43.2
41.5
37.4
40.0
38.9
41.2
37.1
43.0
37.8
42.5
44.2
41.4
37.9
40.1 j
(2)
40.9
37.0
43.1
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.7
38.0
40.3
(2)
40,
57.1
43.2
38.0
42.3
40.4
(2)
41.1
36.9
43.3
37.9
42.3
(2)
41.6
38.0
40.7
(2)
41.7
37.6
43.3
37.9
42.6
(2)
41.5
38.4
40.6
(2)
41.5
37.0
43.4
37.8
42.3
(2)
41.2
37.1
39.7
Total private.
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay* and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities.
39.1
39.2
39.7
Wholesale trade
38.0
37.9
38.2
Retail trade
28.9
28.5
28.9
Finance, insurance* and real estate.
35.8
35.8
36.3 I
Services.
32.4
32.4
32.8
1 / Data relate to production Markers in mining and manufacturing; construction
workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, snd.retJ ettsie; end
services.' These groups account for approximately fouHlfths of the total
employee* on private nonagricuttural payroll*.
40 .9 1 41.1
3.9
3.7
41 .5
41.8
4.2
3 .8
40 .1
40.1
39.6
39 .1
42.3
42 .6
43.7
43 .3
43.9
44 .1
42.0
41 .6
42.6
42 .3
41.0
40 .5
42.8
42 .3
43.7
42 .7
41.5
40 .9
39.3
39 .5
40.0
40 .0
3.6
3 .5
40 .5
40.1
(2)
40 .3
40.9
41 .3
36.9
36 .9
43.3
43 .2
37.8
37 .5
42.1
42 .3
(2)
43 .6
41.8
41 .2
37 .3
37.4
39 .5
39.3
38 .0 !
38.0
28 .8 1
29.0
35.6
(2)
32.4
32.5
|
C2)
41.7
38.6
34.6
39.6
39.4
39.4
40.0
38.1
38.1
38.1
38.3
38.0
29.1
28.9
28.9
29.1
28.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
C2)
32.7
32.5
32.6
32.8
32.5
2/ These series are not published seasonally adjusted sinoa the seasonal
component to smaJl rotative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficent precision.
p - preliminary.
NOTE: Data hove been revised to rsfiect March 1988 benchmarks and
updated seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers,!/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Total privata
Seasonally adjustad
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumbar and wood products
.
Furnitura and fixtures.
Stone* clay* and glass products
Primary metal industrias
Blast furnue*» and basic steel products
Fabricatad matal products
Machinery, except alactrical
Elactrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vahiclas and equipment
Instruments and ralatad products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products.
Transportation and public utilities
Averaga weekly aarnings
Apr.
1989fi/
May
1989p/
49.61
9.60
• 9.60
9.61
I
May
1988
Mar.
1989
Apr.
1989 E /
1989
• 9.26
9.26
• 9.56
9.54
12.60
13.15
13.17
13.10
531.72
552.30
564.99
548.89
12.91
13.26
13.30
13.33
494.45
495.92
504.07
502.54
10.14
10.41
10.41
10.41
415.74
426.81
426.81
425.77
10.68
8.54
7.89
10.44
12.12
13.95
10.25
10.94
10.12
13.26
14.03
9.90
7.97
9.38
9.14
15.38
7.31
6.07
11.66
10.43
12.58
14.86
9.07
6.26
10.93
8.68
8.13
10.62
12.27
14.13
10.47
11.25
10.30
13.65
14.28
10.17
8.23
9.66
9.33
15.34
7.59
6.34
11.84
10.79
12.91
15.46
9.33
6.54
10.93
8.76
8.11
10.72
12.27
14.06
10.48
11.26
10.29
13.60
14.19
10.22
8.23
9.65
9.30
15.80
7.61
6.33
11.32
10.73
12.90
15.49
9.34
6.55
10.93
8.80
8.15
10.70
12.27
14.04
10.48
11.27
10.31
13.54
14.08
10.21
8.27
9.68
9.32
16.09
7.61
6,33
11.94
10.77
12.93
15.56
9.36
6.56.
445.36
345.87
308.50
446.83
528.45
612.41
428.45
463.86
411.88
570.18
620.13
407.88
311.63
455.78
345.46
321.95
444.98
533,75
621.72
436.60
479.25
417.15
591.05
631.18
419.00
324.26
455.78
353.03
318.72
457.74
531.29
614.42
435.97
478.55
418.80
584.80
620.10
422.09
325.91
453.60
352.88
318.67
455.82
531.29
619.16
435.97
476.72
417.56
572.74
601.22
417.59
326.67
374.26
365.60
605.97
297.52
223.38
502.55
391.13
529.62
655.33
378.22
235.38
385.43 386.97
372.27 372.00
556.84 614.62
311.19 313.53
233.95 234.84
509.12 508.26
408.94 •405.59
546.09 548.25
667.87 684.66
387.20 386.68
244.60 248.25
387.20
377.46
648.43
314.29
233.58
515.81
403.88
546.94
678.42
385.63
244.69
12.46
12.51
12.51
480.15
488.43
496.65
494.15
10.21
10.35
10.24
376.20
386.96
395.37
389.12
6.48
6.51
6.51
181.49
184.68
188.14
187.49
9.43
9.59
9.53
325.06
337.59
348.12
339.27
9.29
9.33
9.31
286.74
301.00
306.02
301.64
12.28
Wholesale trade
9.90
Retail trade
6.28
Financai insurmncmi and real astato
9.08
Services
8.85
•320.40 •328.86 •334.43 •331.20
321.32 331.04 335.04 332.51
NOTE: Dcta have bean revised to reflect March 1088 benchmark* and
1 / Sea footnote 1 , table S-2.
p - preliminary.
updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Tabla B-4. Average hourly aarnings of production or nonsupervisory worker*!/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry* seasonally adjustad
Industry
Total private?/i
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars^/
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime^/
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance* insurance* and r^sl estate
Services
May
1988
• 9.26
4.85
12.94
10.14
9.69
12.341
9.901
6.28!
9.06 1
8.881
Feb.
1989
Jan.
1989
#9.49
4.81
13.18
10.33
9.87
12.45
10.19
6.44
9.40
9.15J
Mar.
1989
•9.521
4.811
V See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ Includes mining, not shown separately, because its seasonal
component is too small to be separated out with sufficient precision.
£/ The Consumer Price Index tor Urb*n Wage Earner* and Clerical
Workers (CPl-W) b used to deflate this w r « * .
4/ Real earnings were unchanged from March to April 1589,
the latest month available.
• 9.54
4.80
13.26
10.40
13.221
10.37
9.89
9.92
12.48
10.13
6.45
9.J5.
9.191
12.50
10.21
6.471
i
May
1989fi/
Hay
1988
9.361
9.241
Apr.
1989P/
• 9 .60
4 .80
• 13 .33
1 0 .40
9 .92
12 .52
10 .35
.50
9 .54.
9 .311
Percent
change
from i
Apr. 1989May 1989
May
1989fi/
• 9.61
o.l
(4)
.3
N.A.
•13.37
10.41
.4
9.96
12.56
10.24
6.51
9.50
9.34
-ill
i
.3
£/ Derived by assuming that overtime hours am paid «t the rate of
time and one-haJf.
N.A. - not available,
p • preliminary.
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 1988 benchmarks
and updsted seasonal adjustment factors.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
\
(1977*100)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total private
,
Goods'-producing industries
Mining
Apr.
1989fi/
May
1989c/
May
1988
Jan.
1989
Fab.
1989
Mar.
1939
Apr.
May
X9«9 E /
May
19S8
1989
124.0
124.7
127.4
127.5
124.0
127.4
127.2
127.6
128.7
127.5
101.2
99.8
101.8
102.5
101.1
103.0
102.9
102.9
103.4
102.3
81.9
Construction
78.5
81.8
80.2
,82.5
79.9
80.1
81.1
83.6
80.8
125.1
135.8
141.2
136.0
141.2
140.5
140.3
140.8
137.6
94.7
95.9
96.2
96.0
95.2
96.7
96.7
96.7
97.2
96.5
Durable- goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay* and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment........
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
93.3
104.7
109.9
91.7
67.5
54.0
90.3
89.6
99.0
100.9
91.7
110.3
84.4
94.4
101.5
113.6
87.5
69.1
53.8
91.7
94.2
98.1
101.9
92.5
115.1
85.2
94.7
103.4
112.7
91.0
68.6
53.0
91.3
93.8
98.5
102.1
92.5
116.0
86.3
94.3
104.8
110.9
92.1
68.2
53.4
91.5
93.5
97.7
100.4
90.5
115.1
86.6
93.4
104.0
112.4
89.4
67.6
53
90
89
100
99.9
90.3
111.2
85.1
95.2
107.0
113.
91.
69.
53.
93.
93.
100.
101.
91.
115.
85.
95.0
104.5
113.7
90.9
68.7
53.
92.
93.
99.
101.
91.
115.
86.
94.9
105.3
114.3
90.5
68.9
53.6
92.5
93.4
98.8
101.5
91.7
115.0
86.1
95.2
105.4
114.6
91.2
68.8
52.5
92.0
93.9
99
101
91,
116
87.1
94.4
104.0
113.2
90.0
68.4
52.9
92.1
93.7
98.9
99.3
88.9
116.1
87.2
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile will products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
99.
97.8 98.
99.5
99.5 100.1
102.
100.2
102.9 103.8
103.5
74.
69.6
76.7
70.9
74.5
80.
81.0
81.1
82.1
81.7
85.4
85.
84.7
86.7
84.6 80.
85.1
102.1
101.
101.1
102.3
101.9 84.
102.6
138.4
138.4 138.5
134.0
134.9 101.
138.2
97
100.0 100.4
100.5
100.9
97.3 138.
99.
82.2
83.4
83.3
84.5
84.3
83.1
81.2 120.0 119.9
117.0
118.8
119.6
117.2
119.5
55.8 54.61 55.0
53.8
56.2
56.1
57.0
54.3
55.7
56.1
136.6 138.5 141.6
141.4
142.6
140.6 141.2
141.3
136.6
140.9
112.2 114.3 116.9
117.7
118.4
116.2 116.2
117.1
112.6
116.4
122.0)124.6
126.2
126.2
127.2
125.9 126.4
126.4
122.0
125.3
124.21122.1
125.2
126.9
127.7
126.7 126.9
126.6
124.6
127.2
139.71140.3
143.0
141.9
143.9
140.8 141.8
141.4
140.3
142.1
160.01165.5
169.3
167.5
168.9
166.1 167.3
167.7
159.4
166.4
NOTE: Dais have been revised to rtflact March 1988 benchmarks and
updatad seasonal adjustment (actor*.
Manufacturing
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance* insurance* and real estate
Services
y Seo footnote 1, table B-2.
p . prtlmtnvy.
98.1
97.4
67.4
80.7
85.7
101.0
138.7
100.1
78.4
120.1
98.3
97.7
66.5
81.1
85.7
100.9
138.6
100.6
83.2
119.8
98.5
99.8
65.0
81.4
85.2
101.8
137.2
100.4
84.3
118.9
?J:
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table 8-6.
Diffusion indexes of employment change* seasonally adjustos!
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
Feb.
Mer.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Oct.
Sept
Nov.
Deo.
Private nonaarioultural payrolls, 349 industries!/
Over 1-month spent
1987
1988
1989
35.6
60.7
68.3
59.3
63.5
60.5
61.0
63.0
61.0
61.9
58.6
62.a
61.3
fi/38.0 fi/52.7
60.6
58.0
Over 3-month epeni
1987
1988
1989
60.7
64.8
71.6
62.0
65.6
70.1
66.6
65.2
70.2
g/59.3
65. C
71.1
71.1
64.2
!!!
67.3
65.8
69.9
70.2
fi/74.4 £/66.9
64.8
71.5
66.8
73.9
67.6
73.9
69.5
69,1
71.3
70.2
73.5
74.6
68.2
76.1
68.2
74.8
71.8
74.6
71.9
75.8
72.5
74.9
72.2
78.1
74.1
75.5
Over 6-month spam
1987
1988
1989
Over 12-month apant
1987
1988
1989
66.6
76.2
64.5
68.2
60.7
64.6
70.9
73.4
65.9
74.6
71.5
73.9
71.8
74.5
72.2
75.8
72.5
A/74.6
73.8
B/74.8
76.9
67.8
65.9
Menufacturing payrolls* 143 industries!/
Over 1-month *p*r\t
1987
1988
1989
62.4
44.5
58.5
53.9
56.0
53.5
54.3
55.0
53.2
p/45.9
Over 3-month span*
1987
1988
1989
52.1
63.1
67.4
51.4
61.0
63.8
59.6
62.4
fi/54.6
61.3
64.9
E'47.5
66.3
57.4
56.7
66.3
P/57.8
55.3
67.7
55.3
73.8
53.5
70.2
58.5
Over 6-month spent
1987
1988
1989
Over 12-month spam
1987
1988
1989
fi/68.8
54.3
61.7
62.8
59.6
59.9
51.1
63.8
49.3
ill
65.6
64.9
56.4
58.5
58.5
67.4
62.8
67.0
67.0
64.5
71.6
58.2
68.4
62.1
70.6
66.7
67.7
71.3
64.5
70.9
62.4
69.5
64.9
66.7
67.0
64.2
67.4
66.0
70.6
70.9
71,3
68.8
69.5
69.9
69.5
71.6
68.1
74.1
63.5
71.6
66,3
72.0
67.4
69.9
71.6
70.9
72.7
69.1
69.1
£/69.9
68.4
A/69.5
72.3
55.7
59.9
All
I
'
,
I
70.9
1/ Bated on •••tonally Adjusted data for 1-, 3-( and 6-month spani and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data am eentsred within the span,
p • preliminary.
NOTE: Figure* are the percent of Industries with employment Increasing
55.3
plui one-hair of the Industrie* with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicate* an equal balance between Industrie* with increasing and decreasing
employment Data hava been revisedtoreflect March 19*8 benchmarks and
updated seasonal adjustment factors.
@FedFRASER