Full text of The Employment Situation : May 1984

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U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington. D.C. 20212

USDL 84-249
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
JUNE 1, 1984

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

MAY 1984

Unemployment declined in May and employment continued to rise, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall unemployment rate, at
7.4 percent, and the civilian worker rate, at 7.5 percent, were each down three-tenths of a
percentage point over the month.
Civilian employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—rose by 890,000 in May
to 105.3 million.
The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls—as measured by the
monthly survey of establishments—rose by 230,000, following a larger increase in the previous
month. (Establishment data reflect the annual benchmark revisions; see note on page 3.)
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The civilian unemployment rate declined to 7.5 percent in May, after holding at 7.8 percent
during the February-April period. The rate has decreased by 3.2 percentage points from its late
1982 high and was at the lowest level since August 1981.
The May decline in joblessness was concentrated among adult men (20 years and over).
Since
January, their unemployment rate has fallen by eight-tenths of a point, while the rate for adult
women dropped by only three-tenths. As a result, the adult male rate of 6.5 percent was
significantly below the rate for adult women (6.8 percent) for the first time since late 1981.
At 19.0 percent in May, the unemployment rate for teenagers has been little changed in 1984.
Whites, blacks, and Hispanics all shared in the May decline in joblessness. Other major groups
with lower unemployment rates were full-time workers (7.2 percent) and manufacturing workers
(7.1 percent). (See tables A-2, A-3, and A-6.)
The number of unemployed persons decreased by 330,000 to 8.5 million in May. The decline
occurred primarily among adult men, both white and black. Unemployment has dropped by 3.4
million since the recovery began.
Virtually all of this decline took place among job
losers—both those on layoff who expect to be recalled to work and those who have been
permanently separated from their last job. As a result, this group's share of unemployment has
dropped from 62 percent in November 1982 to 51 percent in May. (See table A-8.)
The decline in unemployment in May was concentrated among persons who had been jobless for
less than 5 weeks.
The effect of this decrease In short-term unemployment was to raise the
median duration of unemployment to 8.7 weeks, while the mean was virtually unchanged at 18.4
weeks. (Stee table A-7.)
The number of workers employed part time for economic reasons
million, 1 million below the November 1982 level. (See table A-4.)

declined

in

May

to

5.4

Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Civilian employment showed strong growth from April to May, rising by 890,000 on a
seasonally adjusted basis to 105.3 million. Adult women accounted for two-thirds of the gain
and adult men the remainder, as teenagers showed no over-the-month employment change.
The
proportion of the civilian working age population with jobs reached 59.8 percent.
The
employment-population ratio for adult women was 50.5 percent, the first tino. ever that more than
half of all adult women have been employed. (See table A-2.)
.
The civilian labor force rose by 560,000 in May. Over the year, labor force
2.9 million—1.9 million adult women and close to 1.1 million adult men.




growth

totaled

- 2 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 230,000 in May, somewhat less than gains recorded in
most months of the past year. At 93.7 million, seasonally adjusted, payroll employment has
increased by 5.0 million since November 1982. Over this period, manufacturing posted the
largest job gain (1.5 million), followed by services (1.4 million), retail trade (950,000), and
construction (475,000). (See table B-l.)
The largest over-the-month increases took, place in construction (60,000) and the services
industry (90,000).
Construction employment has been rising strongly throughout the recovery
period to 4.3 million in May, its highest level since the spring of 1981. In services, a major
part of the over-the-month increase took place in business services. Smaller job gains also
occurred in wholesale trade of durable goods and in finance.

Table A* Major indicators of labor market activity, aaaaonally adjusted
Quarterly averages

Monthly data

Category
1983

1984

Apr.May
changa

1984

IV

Mar.

Apr.

May

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Thou-aanda of paraona
Labor force 1/
Total employment \J....
Civilian labor force
Civilian employment....
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers....

112,365
100,879
110,700
99,214
11,486
62,805
1,765

113,702
104,195
112,012
102,506
9,507
62,938
1,457

114,292
105,426
112,607
103,740
8,866
63,072
1,339

114,598
105,826
112,912
104,140
8,772
62,912
N.A.

114,938
106,095
113,245
104,402
8,843
62,724
N.A.

115,493
106,978
113,803
105,288
8,514
62,320
N.A.

555
883
558
886
-329
-404
N.A.

7.,4
7,.5
6.,5
6,,8
19.,0
6.4
15.8
10.5

-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-0.
-1.
-1.0

Thousands of jobs
92,765| 93,058|93,456p|93,688p
24,518| 24,595|24,763p|24,856p
68,247| 68,463|68,693p|68,832p

232p
93p
139p

Percent of labor forca
Unemployment rates:
All workers \J
All civilian workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin

10.
10.
9.
8,
23.
9.
20.
15.

8.
8.
7.
7.
20.
7,
17.
12.

7.

7.
7.
6.
6.
19.
6.
16.
11.

7.
7.
7.

19.
6.
16.
10.

7
7
6
7
19
6
16.8
11.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing industries..
Serviqe-producing industries

88,833| 91,686
22,873| 24,050
65,961 J 67,636

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm.
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime

34.8
39.4
2.5

35.2
•40.6
3.3

35.3
40.8
3.5

35.3
40.7
3.5

35.5p
41.2p
3.7p

35.3p
40.7p
3.4p

-0.2p
-0.5p
-0.3p

N.A.=not available,
1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
"p=preliminary.
NOTE: The establishment data reflect revisions based on March 1983 benchmarks and updated
seasonal adjustment factors.




- 3 In contrast with the substantial increases of recent months, manufacturing employment was
about unchanged in May. However, job gains continued in fabricated metals, machinery, and
electrical equipment. Motor vehicle and equipment employment, which had risen very strongly
earlier in the recovery, decreased by 10,000 in May, reflecting some plant shutdowns for model
changeover.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls declined 0.2 hour in May to 35.3 hours, seasonally adjusted, a return to the levels of
February and March. The manufacturing workweek fell by half an hour from the very high April
level to 40.7 hours. The factory workweek has averaged 40.8 hours for the last 9 months—the
highest sustained level since 1973. Overtime in manufacturing decreased 0.3 hour from an
unusually high April level to 3.4 hours in May. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls edged down 0.2 percent, seasonally adjusted, to 111.9 (1977=100) in
May, reflecting the decline in hours. The manufacturing index decreased 0.9 percent over the
month to 96.1 but was 15.5 percent above the November 1982 low. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings declined 0.4 percent in May, and average weekly earnings decreased
0.9 percent, seasonally adjusted. Before allowance for seasonality, hourly earnings edged down
1 cent to $8.28, and weekly earnings declined by 36 cents. Over the past year, average hourly
earnings increased by 30 cents, while weekly earnings rose by $13.78. (See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 159.6 (1977=100) in May, seasonally adjusted, a decrease
of 0.2 percent from April.
For the 12 months ended in May, the increase (before seasonal
adjustment) was 3.2 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes unrelated to
underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing and interindustry
employment shifts. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI increased 0.6 percent
during the 12-month period ended in April. (See table B-4.)
Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data
In accordance with the usual practice, the establishment survey data published in this release
have
been revised to reflect complete counts of employment (benchmarks) derived from
unemployment insurance tax records for the first quarter of 1983 plus preliminary counts from
the same source for the second and third quarters of 1983. The revisions also incorporate an
improved method for estimating the employment effect of the entry of new firms into the economy.
In addition, new seasonal adjustment factors have been calculated, and all seasonally adjusted
series have been revised to take account of the experience through March 1984.
Summary employment revisions are shown in the following two tables. Employment estimates, not
seasonally adjusted, for February 1984 (the last published final estimates based on the previous
benchmark) on the old and new benchmarks are presented in Table B. Table C contains revised
seasonally adjusted over-the-month changes in total nonfarm payroll employment estimates for the
November 1982-February 1984 period. Data on hours and earnings may have changed slightly as a
result of the*new employment weights.
The June 1984 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain a detailed discussion of the effects
of the benchmark and new firm methodology revisions, seasonal adjustment factors for use in the
ensuing 12-month period, and revised data for all regularly published tables containing national
establishment survey data on employment, hours, and earnings.
Historical establishment series, not seasonally adjusted, have been revised from April 1982
forward, whereas seasonally adjusted series have been revised back to January 1979. All revised
historical series will be published in a special supplement to Employment and Earnings, which is
expected to become available in July.
This supplement, when combined with the historical
volume, Employment and Earnings, United States, 1909-78, Bulletin 1312-11, will comprise the
full historical series on national data from the establishment survey.




- 4 Table B. Establishment survey employment estimates for February 1984, before and after
revision, not seasonally adjusted
(In thousands)

February 1984 employment
estimates
Industry

Difference

Total nonfarm employment
Total private
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing.
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
Government
Federal
State
Local

Before
revision

As
revised

91,140
75,121
1,039
3,772
19,312
4,992
5,315
15,119
5,525
20,047
16,019
2,746
3,748
9,524

91,612
75,477
964
3,774
19,181
5,031
5,389
15,517
5,545
20,075
16,135
2,746
3,770
9,618

Table C. Seasonally adjusted over-the-month changes in total nonfarm employment
before and after revision, November 1982 through February 1984
(In thousands)

j
Year and month

|
j
j

Change from previous month

Before
revision

|
j
|

1982:

|

I

1983:

| •

|

As revised

February
March
April
May
June
July

|
|
|
|
|
|

-139
68
276
331
423
308

|
|
|
|
|
|

-99
217
314
319
349
347

September

|

1,103

|

1,100

1984:




1

1

472
356
-75
2
-131
39
74
398
21
28
116
22
94

Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes approximately 195,000 establishments
employing over 35 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public
assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria: They had
no employment during the survey week; they were available
for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Also included
among the unemployed are persons not looking for work
because they were laid off and waiting to be recalled and those
expecting to report to a job within 30 days.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special




grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— T h e household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the self-employed, unpaid
family workers, private household workers, and members of
the resident Armed Forces;
— T h e household survey includes people on unpaid leave
among the employed; the establishment survey does not;
The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age
and older; the establishment survey is not limited by age;
—The household survey has no duplication of individuals,
because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job or
otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.

Seasonal adjustment
Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force
and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo
sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in
weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major
holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large number each June,
when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all

employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are 68 out of 160 that an estimate based on the sample
will differ by no more than the standard error from the results
of a complete census. The chances are 90 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than 1.6
times the standard error from the results of a complete census.
At the 90-percent level of confidence-the confidence limits
used by BLS in its analyses-the error for the monthly change in
total employment is on the order of plus or minus 328,000; for
total unemployment it is 220,000; and, for the overall
unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures
do not mean that the sample results are off by these




magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates bv more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .26 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.25 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.

Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $6.00 per issue or $39.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Tabla A-1. Employment atatua of tha population, Including Armad Forcaa In tha Unltad Stataa, by aax
(Numbers In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
11V
1*Bi

ADr.
1984

•lav
1964

«av
1983

Jan.
1984

Feb.
1984

Mar.
1984

Apr.
1984

1°R4

TOTAL
Nonlnstltutlonal population*
Labor force'
Participation rate*
Total employed'
Employment-population ratio4 . . .
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural Industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate*
Not In labor force

75,622
11.977
63.3
J 1 ,212
57.5
1,569
9J,5-43
3.511
S3,032
13,765
9.6
53,544

177,662
113.845
M.I
10*5,321
59.3
1,693
103,628
3,191
100,437
8,525
7.5
63,817

1-»7.813
114.941
64.6
106.786
60.1
1.690
105.096
3,529
101,567
8.1*4
7.1
62.873

175.622
112.619
64.1
101.431
57.8
1.669
99.76?
3.374
96.388
11.188
9.9
63.003

177.219
113,901
64.3
104,876
59.2
1,686
103,190
3,271
99,918
9,026
7.9
63,318

177,36?
114,377
64.5
105.576
59.5
1.684
103,892
3,395
100,496
8,801
7.7
62.986

177,510
114.5*8
64.6
105,826
59.6
1.686
104.140
3,281
100,859
8,772
7,7
62,912

177,Rf?
1 14.93*
64.7
106,095
59.7
1,693
104,40?
3,393
101.009
8.843
7.7
62.724

106 , 9 7 8
60.2
1 ,690
10*.?e3
3,389
101 , 8 9 9
P.51U
7.4
62,320

33.931
5.»,365
75.3
57,703
63. 8
1,528
55,175
5,362
9.3

84,953
64.575
76.0
•59,665
70.2
1 , 548
58,117
4,909
7.6

8*,024
65,079
76.5
60,606
71.3
1,54*
59,061
4,472
6.9

83.931
64.348
76.7
57.744
68.8
1.528
56.216
6.604
10.3

84,745
64,930
76.6
*9,781
70.5
1,542
58,239
5,149
7.9

84,811
6*.093
76.8
60,147
70.9
1,*40
58,607
4,946
7.6

84,880
65,156
76.8
60.290
71.0
1.542
58.748
4.867
7.5

84,9*3
65,?1?
76.8
60.29-*
71.0
1. c 4*>
58.745
4.919
7.*

8T.024
65,307
76. ?
60,629
71. 3
1,545
59,084
4,678
7.7

91,591
47.912
52.3
43,509
47.5
141
43,368
4.404
9.2

92,709
49,271
53.1
45,655
49.2
145
4%510
3,615
7.3

92.789
49.862
53.7
46.180
49.8
145
46,035
3.682
7.4

91.691
48,271
52.6
43,687
47.6
141
43.546
4,584
9.5

92,474
48.971
53.0
45,094
48.8
144
44,950
3,876
7.9

92.552
49,283
53.2
45,429
49.1
144
45,285
3,855
7.8

92.630
49,442
53.4
45,536
49.2
144
45,392
3,905
7.9

92.70 t »
49 , 7 ? 5
53.6
45.P02
49.4
145
45.6*-'
3,024

92,789
5C.186
54.1
46,350
50.0
145
4 6 , ?0*
3,836
7.6

1 ^7 , 81 ?
115,493

e*.o

Men, 16 years and over
Nonlnstltutlonal population1
Labor force*
Participation rate*
Total employed'
Employment-population ratio4 . . .
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate'
Women, 16 years and over
Nonlnstltutlonal population'
Labor force1
Participation rate'
Total employed*
Employment-population ratio4 . . .
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate*
1

The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, Identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
* Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.




7 . <*

' Labor force as a percent of the nonlnstltutlonal population.
4
Total employment as a percent of the nonlnstltutlonal population.
* Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (Including the resident Armed
Forces).

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
&r>r.

14V

Jar.
r.84

Fefc.
1<>$4

hsr.
1984

»or.
198tt

"at

TOTAL
Civilian noninstltutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

| 174 # >l>i
113.30b
5 J. 4
*J,5<»3
r
,7.2
13,765
9.6

17 c -,9f*
11 *»,!«>

74,712
33,459
7*.2
34,421
71. i
4,il4
5),506
5.437
4.3

*»5. 973

m.7

1C%<2!>
«6.n
<»,«2e
7.S

17f,123
11*»,? p 1
64.3
10%P*>«
59.7
».1«4
7.2

110.05C
f3.<»
9C."»C2
r
7.3
11.18?
10.1

173,533
11?,215
€3.9
103,190
5P.f?
9,07*
?.0

17S,'7S
11?,^93
6tt.1
.103, 9*2
•
«a.t
3,«01
7.*

175,824
112,312
04.2
10<t,1*»0
53.2
8.772
7.1

^f.073
59,<?12
78.2
«r.7<0
73.3
2,r27
53,?34
3,7e3
6.3

711,712
*e,546
78.4
«2.963
70.9
2.44f*
50,«?3
«,c83
9.f

7*.*92
*?,29?
78.3
e
4,99?
72. t
2,35*
«2.f43
4,330
7.3

•»f,7Pf
53,334
78. •
«5,2ff
72.9
2,405
e
?,«57
• ,128
7.0

75,880
5*,383
78.1
5*,363
73.0
2,364
53,304
9.020
6.3

75. •"I
5*,4«?>
7«».?
55,*««
75.9
2,4f
52.9 V
4.0«r
f.4

* * ,0-»3
r
9,54«
78.3
««,««5
73.?
?,4«1
r
?,23«
3, V I

* r ,2"»?
9*,0f7
54.0
43.097
tO.'!
ftn2
4?.44«
?,o«"0
6.5

8%f>99
44.331
52.8
40,*83
48.4
60 c
39,97*
3.7«e

•.'

f>4,8*0
44,981
53.0
41.798
•9.3
625
41,174
3,132
7.1

*4,9*2
45,25*
e
3.?
42,139
49. f
f40
41,49*
3,120
f..9

65,069
»5,»59
53.4
•2,315
4^.7
574
«1,7tt1
3,1««
6.9

85,If?
45.7«"»
5?.*»
4 2 , «V»
•4.?
f14
41.»0«»
3, U<
-.0

««.2' , '»
•6.222
5».2
•'.OS*
50.5
610
•2.W7
»,1?4
6.8

14,77*
"\6«.0
*i.e
e,23«
42.2

1 e .?a?
3,0"»3
f2.C
6.21*
40.5
329
«?,887
1.P57
23.0

i*,oei
7,935
53.0
6,39?
• 2.7
290
6,102
1,543
1«.4

1«,931
9,041
5"».9
6,48*.
4*.f
*46
f,14?

14,330
8,065
54.2
6,457
•3.4
3«3
6,114
1.608
19.9

14,«28
8.0'?
54,4
6,'<V>
43. «
*21
6,1'»«
!,«'?
14.4

14,7-»8
P.034
54.4
f,50«
44.0
3?*
f,1"»»
1,5?9
19.0

113,*4«
64.4.
5».*
3,44'*

1'f.123
113,«»3

*•.*

10*.2P4
*,r-14
• 7.«-

Men, 20 year* and over
Civilian noninstltutional population —
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

77. 4
*«,02?
72.4
2.3*5
5*>,M7
4,181
7.1

Women, 20 year* and over
Civilian noninstitutionai population —
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural Industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

43,3*9
4«,1o1
52. 6
43.574
44.4

45,*62
5"».«
42.594
*0.0

5*7
33,427
4,337
4.1

42,0?*
2,S»6«
€.*>

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutionai population —
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

IS,3*2
7,b43
53.1
3,948
34.4
351
5.5*7
1,742

14,8??
7,387
6.012
40.r
2f5
r
,74«
1,37«;
18.'

' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.




r

3rc

.?fe9
1.41?
15.5
1

14.3

Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutionai population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers In thousands)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonslly adjusted
liv

Apr.
1984

lav
1«34

lav
198 *

112,229
98.404

150.671

Tan.
1980

Tet.
1964

Sac.
1984

Aor.
1*84

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutlonal population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years sod over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

153,571

152,178

95.310

97,<2*
64.2

bi.7
3 7 , (314
53.3
3.195
a.S

64.6

96,472
64.0

151,939
97,813

1*2,070
98,1*7

64.4

64.6

01,044
19.9

91,144

152.285
98.424
64.6
91.845

1 5 2 , y?
9 6 , 4<"6 4 . •»
91,«33
60.4
6,r*?

r?,2:-»
r

52,40*
70.a
49,3?*
74.?
3,^7'

«*?,ie7
78.7
40,440
">*.?
?,917
r
-.6

60.0

60.6

6,381
6.1

*.117

6.2

98,004
18.4
8,468
8.8

51.531
7:3.6
47.2*1
72.2
4.240
1.2

1?,153
78.4
48,984
73.7
3 , 1*9
6.1

•52.339
78.6
49.489
74.4
2.8e0
5.4

11,561
78.7
47.231
72.1
4,330
8.4

*2,?70
78.8
48,964
73.8

37.o71
5^.0
35.366
43.4

38,934
53.0

30,306
53.5

36,761
10.c
2 , 173
5.6

37.113
50.1
2.193

•»8.131
52.6
36,180
4°.4
2,321

5.6

17.80*
12.2
35.082
48.4
2.723
7.2

6.0

2.261
1.8

*,13P
53. 5
1,499
45.0
1,039
15.9
16.4
15.4

6,7*9
55.6
1.686
46.7
1,074
15.9
15.4
16.4

7.106
16.0
1.691
44.9
1.415
19.0
20.4
19.4

7,039
16.9
5,900
47.7
1,138
16.2
17.8
14.5

7,10*
17.7
5,930
48.1
1,176
16.5
16.4
16.7

7.153
58.3
5,932
48.3
1.221
17.1
17.3
15.8

7,n«-*
5'\-'
5.91*
4«.4
1,141
1*.?
16.6
11."»

19,274
11,694
60.7
0,7^8
10.7
1,91*
16.4

19,302
11,89*
61.6
10,0*6
12.1
1,8^1
11.4

18.880
11.641
61.7

10,196
11,660

10,222
11.8*1
61.9
9,918
11.9
1,9??
1*.2

19.248
11.867
61.7

19.2"»4
11,n-»4
61.0
9,023
51.'
2.011
16.«

1,666
74.8

5.106
71.1
4.435
*0.1
1.071
10.5

e

,*?1
74.8
4,789

5,677
71.4
4,877

63.7

64.8
POO

5,663
7f.3
4,789
63.5

1.329
17.2
4.424
47.e

2.635
5.9
5,306
53.6

5,457
43.9
1.350
19.3
13.3
23.5

91,244

9?.287

6,768
6.9

3,306
6.3

60.9
6,623
6.7

63.3
$,530

i?,?31
78.8
49,149
74.3
?,ie*
6.1

«2.398
78. a

r,->H*

*.9

6.7

49,343
74.2
3.351
5.3

39,726

38.873

12.8

52.9
36.570

36.465
49.7

9P,« 1
64.9
'<? , 5 0 r
*C.f»

49.8
2.303

39,03.?
51.1
36.60*
49.^
2 . 344

5.9

17.7
3"»,150
10. e
?,2°3
1.0.

50.0
5,oi«- %
48.6
1,14?
1*. ?
16.3
15. *

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutlonal population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed . . . '
Unemployment rate

13.330
11.526
61.0

9.234
43.9
2.292
19.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4.436
63.5
1.360
19.3

1 , 18?
73.9
4.684
62.0
898
16.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5.231
55.7
4.400
47.3
881
15.7

% ^9f
56.1
4,681
49.1
711
13.2

749
33.5

71*
32.9
409
18.8
307
4?.9
41.4
44.*

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
,
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

5,49.6
74.9

398
17.6
351
45.9
51.2
41.7

4,872

64.3
70«;
14.0

1,104
57.6

4,769
49.9
734

9.277

60.7
9,707

49.1
2.3*8
20.3

10.6
1,953
16.7

90e

13.3

17.0

726
33.1
419
19.3
307
42.3
39.C
4?. 8

810
36.3
418
18.7
392
48.4
52.1
44.1

9.996
51.4
1,972

16.6

19,302
1?.00»
62.7
10,105
12.4
1.O03
1e.9
e

6?.4

,*73
74.0
4,872
64.3

14.1

871
15.4

•94
16.0

8C1
14. 1

1,277
55.6
4,522
47.7
711
14.3

1,408
56.9

1,421
57.0

4.630

4,690
49.2
735

5.4*o
57.3
4,737

1,54-»
19.0
4,797
10.1
714
13.6

762
34.7

796
36.4

397
18.1
365
47.9
47.1
46.8

9,778
6,336

833
14.8

48.7
777
14.4

5.607
7 4 . "»
4.712

13.5

49.6
•»"»1
13.4

450
20. C

783
35.9
417
19.1

30."
4?4
21.9

36.3
44 0

346
43.5
46.7
39.9

366
46.7
44.4
49.6

44. o
42.8
47.1

44. 1
4 0 . ">
48.?

9,906
6,292
63.1
5,652
17.1
639
10.2

10,080
6,484

10.C?
6,378

10,026
*,33?

64.3

6-».3
5,*4-»
5*."

63.2
5,666

787

20.7
•>*•»

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1./47
5.159
63.2
5,329
5«*.7
830
13.5

10,072

10.326

6,352

6.3*3
63.5

63.1
1 . 649
16.1
703
11.1

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
* Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutlonal population.




*.717
17.0

647
10.2

9.747
6.139
63.0
5,284
14.2
851
13.9

64.8
5,627
17.6
708
11.2

5,751
57.1
733
11.3

11.

e

1*.

r

10.'

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-orlgln groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanlcs are Included
in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(Numbers In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category
.11 v
1iS1

lav
1««U

.
1330

ADT

"4W

Jan.
lOPft

198«

Aor.
19d4

1*84

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

37.635
24.374
i.iOl

10?.??S
in,789
Te.->33
c
,08*

If"5,09*
39.15c
^,799

1.6o5
1.603
242
i . 134

103,190
38.682
2«,907
S.293

103,892
38.911
2 % 212

,670

99.76.2
37.f16
20.300
ft.991

I,**''*
1,085
181

1.691
1.58S

1.S88
1.*S8

92.203
1*,0 C ">
7',191

93,ft1?
IS,982
7-*,«3f
1,300
76,136

c

1 0 s , 28«
39.159

134,0*"

5,306

104.140
38,927
25,23*
5,00'4

5.091

2 c ,"»2r
5, 668

1,0ft?
1,613
23?

1.S60
1,609
23?

1,515
1,580
196

1.661
1,530

1,«10
1,c37

91,601
1S,*35
7 6 , 106
1,197
7»,909

92,379
15,822
76,557
1,21<»
7e,3?9
7 , 8ft9
3*0

92,<m

92,9"<1
15,760
77.107
1.2«6
75,6e1
7,8?0
3">3

9-»,92P
IS, 7 M
"»8, 16*»
1,307
7 f i , 8?0
7,-»07
311

?6,911

96.523
"»«, ?80
s , 3S-»
1, ^O^
•>t p«)4
1 2 , 88<«

3*.062
25.05"'

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other Industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

3.756
i.Hi
1, 1*6
1. 152
7.55b
372

1,?3ft
fft.9e7
•»,8r0
313

2 r .?

7.P1S
33ft

38,590
IS.S30
73.050
1.238
71.816
7.tt«8
3ftr>

97,79«>
•'f»,98 r >

91.070
72,9»9

5,C?ft

5.C6?

1.50*

1.7ft8
ft.217
12.1S6

7,936
36ft

206

15,813
77,006
1,155
75,851

7,755
326

PERSONS AT WORK1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons

*4i, l a o
73,55*
>.j>»4
J.7J5

i, i i i
12.»o5

9«,*9?
77,6R0
S . I 3?
1,ft92
3.6ft0
13,910

3,c68

13,740

9ft,707

«S,067

76,237

76,715
c
.,808
1,611
ft, 197
12,505

5.903
1,771
ft, 172
12.527

90,982
77,000

73.276
5.50-»
I.S^O
4.06-*
13.Oft 1 5

5.063
1,072
3,991
12,515

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or Industrial dispute.

Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measure

Monthly data

TIT
U-1

I9°i»

1«64

iac.

civilian labor force

4.2

0.0

3.7

*. ?

5. 0

SO

3. 1

7.9

7.3

3.1
ft.7

2.7

2.5

2.?

0.2

0. 1

1 0

C.1

5.3

7.«

7.5

U-2

Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

U-3

Unemployed-persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force
Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time
civilian labor force

10.3

10.0

< 5 . ">

U-5a

Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force, Including the
resident Armed Forces

13.2

10.0

9.3

8.0

7.*

7.7

U-5b

Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force

13.0

10. 1

9.0

3.S

7.9

7 . •<

U-6

Total full-time jobseekers plus Vi part-time jobseekers plus Va total on pan time
for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less Vi of the
part-time labor force

13.*»

1?.9

12.2

11.?

10.4

13.*

12.0

U-4

U-7

Apr.

Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the

Total full-time jobseekers plus V« part-time jobseekers plus Vi total on part
time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less Vi of the
part-time labor force

N.A. - not available.




6.6
e.T

10.3

11.6.

6.0

•*.7

"».4
7.-

10.0

'.\.

9.°

r.\.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjuatad
Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)

Unemployment rates'

Category
'"lav

Apr.
1984

\iti3

Mav
1983

Mav
198i»

Jan.
198U

Feb.
1994

Mar.
1984

Apr.
1984

*ay
1984

7.
7.
6.
7.
6.
19.

7.8
7.7
6.9
7.9
7.0
19.4

7.5
7.3
6.5
7.7
6.8
19.0

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and ww
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19years
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost 1

v

11,138
5,634
5,533
4,534
3.748
1.857

8.843
4. 919
4,095
3,924
3, 186
1,562

8,514
4,678
3,861
3.836
3.124
1.529

10. 1
10.5
9.5
9.5
P.5
23.0

2.319
1.952
725

1,923
1,566
645

1.859
1.5"H»
616

7.0
7.4
12.7

5.0
6.0
10.7

4.
5.
11.

4.7
5.8
10. 5

9,514
1.697

7,398
1.443

7,058
1,495

10.0
10.9
11. 5

7.8
9.2
9.2

7.
9.
8.

7.6
9. 1
8.9

3,524
232
1.092
2.675
1.743
932
413
2. 118
1.994
923
321

6,442
100
795
1,697
977
719
320
1,857
1,674
721
231

6,055
89
830
1,548
920
628
332
1.690
1,567
781
26 1

10. 4
20.8
20.
12.
13.
10.
7.3
10.2
7.5
5.6
16.8

7.9
10.9
15.0
8.4

INDUSTRY
Nonagriculturai private wage and salary workers
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

7.7
10. 3
14.3
7.7

7.8
12.7
15. 1
7.*
7.3
7.8
5.9

7.2
8.9
14.8
7.1
7.0
7.1

13.9

reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours- lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic

Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Weeks of unemployment
1J83

Apr.
1984

Mav
1984

lav
1983

Jan.
1984

Feb.
1984

Mar.
1984

Apr.
1984

May
19 8 4

3.358
2,452
4,*45
1,S79
2.967

2.981
2,206
3,337
1, 431
1,906

3,050
1,978
3,127
1,318
1,809

3.568
3.012
4.510
1.774
2.736

3,233
2.556
3.201
1,166
2,035

3,359
2,484
2.984
1,173
1.810

3,386
2,539
2.873
1, 114
1.759

3.438
2 . 49?
2.855
1,111
1.744

3,238
2, 433
2.851
1,186
1,664

21.8
12.6

20.5
10.0

19.9
9.3

20.2
11.9

20.5
9.2

13.8
8.3

18.3
8.3

18.5
8.1

18.4
8.7

1)3.0
31.3
22.8
45.9
18. 4
27.6

100.0
35.0
2*.9
39.2
16.8
22.4

100.0
37.4
24.3
38.3
16.2
22.2

100.0
32.2
27.2
40.7
16.0
24.7

100.0
36.0
28.4
35.6
13.0
22.6

100.
38.
28.
32.
12.
20.3

100.0
39.1
28.4
32.5
12.6
19.8

100.0
3 8.0
28.6
33.5
13.9
19.5

11V

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over




100
38
28
33
13
20

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Reaaon

Seasonally adjusted

Apr.
1984

Hay
1984

Nay
1983

Jan.
1984

Feb.
1964

Bar.
1984

APC.
1984

nay
1964

5,441
1.750
4,631
757
2. 355
1.233

4,599
1,087
3.512
727
2, 107
1.092

4,119
1.066
3.053
752
2.141
1,142

6.753
1.9*8
4,795
808
2,404
1.246

4,825
1,238
3.5*88
809
?,192
1,175

4,737
1.272
3.465
772
2,153
1,092

4,614
1,254
3,360
756
2,206
1,213

4.527
1,106
3.419
781
2.308
1,216

4,327
1, 192
3,134
804
2,178
1,196

1)0.0
$9.3
16.3
43.5
7.0
22.0
11.2

100.0
S3.9
12.7
41.2
8.5
24.7
12.8

100.0
50.5
13.1
37.4
9.2
26.3
14.0

100.0
60.2
17.5
42.8
7.2
21.4
11.1

100.0
53.6
13.7
39.9
9.0
24.4
13.1

109.0
54.1
14.5
?9.6
8.8
24.6
12.5

100.0
52.5
14.3
36.2
8.6
25.1
13.3

100.0
51.3
12.5
38.7
8.8
26.1
13.6

100.0
50.9
14.0
36.9
9.5
25.6
14.0

4.1
.6
1.9
1.0

3.f
.7
1.9
1.0

6.1
.7
2.2
1.1

4.3
.7
2.0
1.0

4.2
.7
1.9
1.0

4.1
.7
2.0
1.1

4.0
.7
2.0
1. 1

3.8
.7
1.9
1.0

1»v

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other )ob losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff •.
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5.8
.7
2. 1
1. 1

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)

Sex and age
say
Ut>3
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

11,133
4,330
1,857
736
1,066
2,473
5,393
6,136
7*3

Unemployment rates'

Apr.
1984

Bay
1984

Hav
1983

Jan.
1964

Feb.
1984

Mar.
1964

Apr.
1984

Ray
1984

8,843
3,522
1,562
683
876
1.960
5,301
•4.663
621

8,514
3,402
1.529
632
896
1,873
5.132
4,474
659

10.1
18.0
23.0
25.6
21.3
15.5
7.9
8.5
5.3

8.0
14.8
19.
21.
17.
12.
6.
6.
4.

7.8
14.2
19.3
22.1
17.5
11.6
6.1
6.4
4.3

7.3
14.4
19.9
23.1
18.1
11.6
5.9
6.3
4.3

7.8
14-.6
19.4
22.3
17.5
12.2
6.0
6.3
4.2

7.5
14.0
19.0
20.2
18.2
11.5
5.7
6.0
4.4

8.2
8.8
5.8

8.1
15.6
20.8
21.6
19.6
13.1
6.2
6.6
4.8

7.8
14.6
19.7
21.6
18.1
12.1
6.1
6.4
4.5

7.
14.
20.
23.
18.
11.
5.
6.
4.

7.7
15.0
19.7
23.7
17.3
12.7
5.9
6.2
4.4

7.
14.
19.
21,
18.
11]
5.

7.
13.
18.
22.
16.
11.
6.
6.
4.

7.9
14.2
19.8
23.1
18.1
11.3
6.0
6.5
3.9

7.9
14.1
19.0
20.8
17.6

4.7

7.9
13.9
18.0
22.2
15.4
11.7
6.2
6.5
4.5

7.
14.
18.
19,
18.
11.
5.
6.
4.

Men, 16 years and o v e r —
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
l8to19years
20 to 24 years.
25 years and over .
25 to 54 years ..'
55 years and over . . .

5,694
2.535
1.021
435
591
1,434
4.12<4
3.602
51b

919
925
824
378
448
101
996
604
382

4,678
1,812
817
352
47?
995
2,878
2.480
394

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16to17years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . . .

4.534
1.825
&3S
353
475
939
2,774
2,534
232

3,924
1.597
738
305
428
859
2,305
2.059
239

3.836
1.591
712
280
424
879
2,254
1.994
266

1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Tabla A-10. Employmant atatua of blaok and other workara
(Numben In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Employment status

Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not In labor force

say
1)83

• pr.
1984

Hay
1984

Hav
1983

Jan.
198tt

Feb.
19RU

Nar.
1981

kvr.
1984

23,282
14,299
61.4
11,729

23,791

23,894
14.847
62.1
12,809

23.282
14.449
62.1
11,776

23,594

23,600
14,593
61.8
12,417

53.6

50.6
2.673

14,425
61.1
12,179
51.6

23,533
14,521
61.7
12,325
52.4

2,246
15.6

2,176
14.9

9,169

9,007

23.791
14.7^0
62. 1
12.541
5 2 . •»
2.2?9
15.1
9.021

13.3

14.523
61.1
12,384
5 2.1
2 . 144
14.8

3.983

9,263

53.4
2,570

' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

2,038
13.7
9,048

18.5
8.833

52.6

2,195
15.1
9.018

19 y

1984
2?,8?4
14,976

62. i
12,852
53.8
2,125
14.2
8,918

* Civilian employment aa a percent of the civilian nonlnstltutlonal population.

Table A-11. Occupational atatua of the amployad and unemployed, not aeaaonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)

Civilian employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over'

May
1983

lay
1984

Unemployed

lay
1983

Unemployment rate

Way
1984

99.543

105,096

10,765

8, 154

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

23.597
10.585
13.012

24,999
11,404
13,595

809
431
379

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, Including clerical

30.838

32,343
3,175
12,497
16,672

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

13.507
1.598
10.977

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and Inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
'Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the Armed
Forces are included in the unemployed total.




"lay
1983

way
1984

9.8

7.2

628
324
304

3.3
3.9
2.8

2.5
2.8
2.2

2.109
143
820
1,146

1,584
78
697
808

6.4
4.5
6.6
6.6

4.7
2.4
5.3
4.6

14,235
1,017
1.544
11.673

1,734
53
140
1,541

1,361
51
104
1.206

11.4
5.3
8.1
12.3

11.744
3,976
4,026
3.741

12,992
4,329
4,505
4, 158

1,466
323
720
423

1,044
231
551
262

11. 1
7.5

15,891
7.585
4,247
4.059
611
3.448

16,595
7,912
4,430
4,252
£64
3,588

3,042
1,539
553
950
214
737

2,038
916
424
697
189
508

16.1
16.9
1 1.5
19.0
25.9
17.6

10.9
10.4
8.7
14.1
22. 1
12.4

3.965

3,933

338

286

7.9

6.8

3.062
11.599
16.187

932

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Tabla A-12. Employmant atatua of mala Vlatnanvara vatarana and nonvatarana by aga, not aaaaonally adjuatad
(Numbers In thousands)

Civilian labor force

Veteran status

Civilian
nenlnstltullenal
population

Unemployed
Employed

Total

Percent of
labor force

Number
lay
I96J

1)84

"ay
19S3

"ay
1984

»av
1963

H%v
1984

7,839
3.911
702
2.207
j,002
1.928

7.921
S. 548
505
1.733
3.260
2,373

7,367
5, 661
653
2,106
2.902
1,706

7,450
««,335
479
1.698
3.158
2,115

6.668
5.084
562
1.874
2.648
1.584

7.023
4,993
438
1,583
2,972
2,0 30

699
577
91
232
254
122

18.775
8,132
6,370
4,273

19.723
8.312
6.949
4,462

17.022
7.235
5.844
3.943

18,523
7,765
6,553
4,205

1,753
897
526
330

fay
1983

•lay
198?

J«av
1984

427
342
41
115
186
85

9.r
10.2
13.9
11.0

5.7
6.4
8.6
6.8
".9
4.0

1,200
547
396
257

9.?
11.0
8.3

Hav
1384

VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over

s.e
7.2

NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years

1*,890
0.669
»,712
4.509

23.974
3.932
7,321
4.721

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between
August 5,1964 and May 7,1975. Nonvaterans are men who have never served In the Arm-




«.1
6.6
5.7
5.8

ed Forces; published data are limited to thoae 25 to 39 years of age, the group that most
closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for ten large States
(Numbers In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted'
State and employment status

Seasonally adjuated*

Hay
1983

Apr.
1984

May
1984

Hay
1983

Jan.
1984

Feb.
1984

Mar.
1984

Apr.
1984

May
1984

18,760
12,259
11,044
1,216
9.9

19,061
12,373
11,421
95 2
7.7

19,088
12,434
11,535
898
7.2

18,760
12,319
11,035
1,284
10.4

18,983
12,395
11,350
1,045
8.4

19,009
12,363
11,380
983
8.0

19,035
12,451
11,425
1,026
8.2

19,061
12,458
1 1 , 5 04
95 4
7.7

19,088
12,490
11,524
966
7.7

8,314
4,743
4,331
412
8.7

8,509
4,933
4,649
283
5.7

8,528
5,032
4,728
305
6.1

8,314
4,76 3
4,333
430
9.0

8,455
5,067
4,713
35 4
7.0

8,473
5,065
4,760
305
6.0

8,491
5,105
4,826
279
5.5

8 , 5 09
5,004
4,694
310
6.2

8,528
5,058
4 , 7 35
323
6.4

8,574
5,610
4,950
. 66 0
11.8

8,592
5 , 5 33
5,005
527
9.5

8,594
5,581
5,092
489
8.8

8,574
5,646
4,965
681
12.1

8,588
5,553
5,005
5 48
9.9

8 . 5 90
5,599
5.06 7
532
9.5

8 , 5 91
5 ,625
5,036
589
10.5

8 , 5 92
5 , 5 79
5,021
558
10.0

8,594
5,617
5,108
5 09
9.1

4,482
2,936
2,744
192
6.5

4 , 5 05
3,036
2,883
153
5.0

4,5 07
3,019
2,899
120
4.0

4,482
2,972
2,777
195
6.6

4,499
3,028
2,831
197
6.5

4,501
3,033
2,860
173
5.7

4,503
3,026
2,865
161
5.3

4 , 5 05
3,099
2,932
167
5.4

4,5 07
3,057
2,933
124
4.1

6,748
4,391
3,748
643
14.7

6,729
4,331
3,85 2
479
11.0

6,727
4,395
3,899
497
11.3

6,748
4,356
3,7 00
656
15.1

6,736
4,207
3,722
485
11.5

6,733
4,305
3,815
490
11.4

6,731
4,385
3,891
494
11.3

6,729
4,377
3,911
466
10.6

6,727
4,356
3,845
511
11.7

5,744
3,615
3,343
272
7.5

5,786
3,892
3,636
256
6.6

5,790
3,886
3,643
243
6.3

5,744
3,589
3,339
25 0
7.0

5 ,776
3,774
3,503
271
7.2

5,779
3,811
3,575
2 36
6.2

5,783
3,822
3,565
25 7
6.7

5,786
3,928
3,661
267
6.8

5,790
3,861
3,639
222
5.7

13,556
7,856
7,188
668
8.5

13,618
7,936
7,420
516
6.5

13,622
7,990
7,481
509
6.4

13,556
7,940
7,239
7 01
8.8

13,605
7,939
7,353
586
7.4

13,609
8,024
7,432
592
7.4

13,613
8,061
7,501
560
6.9

13,618
7,994
7,461
533
6.7

13,622
8,074
7,532
542
6.7

8,049
5,153
4,491
663
12.9

8,049
4,996
4 , 5 06
489
9.8

8,05 0
5,086
4,593
493
9.7

8,049
5,153
4,465
688
13.4

8,05 0
5,095
4,619
476
9.3

8.05 0
5,082
4 . 6 07
475
9.3

8,05 0
5,025
4,513
512
10.2

8,049
5,050
4,543
5 07
10.0

8,05 0
5,081
4,562
519
10.2

9,180
5,443
4,782
661
12.1

9,203
5,317
4,829
488
9.2

9,205
5,429
4,956
473
8.7

9,180
5,511
4,822
689
12.5

9,198
5,451
4,997
454
8.3

9,200
5,421
4,888
533
9.8

9,202
5,365
4,887
478
8.9

9,203
5,394
4,900
494
9.2

9,205
5,497
4,995
5 02
9.1

11,226
7,472
6,875
596
8.0

11,506
7,821
7,317
504
6.4

11,532
7,925
7,482
442
5.6

11,226
7,5 33
6,923
610
8.1

11,429
7 , 6 48
7,118
530
6.9

11,455
7,632
7,199
433
5.7

11,480
7,817
7,307
510
6.5

1 1 , 5 06
7,85 4
7,322
532
6.8

1 1 , 5 32
7,988
7,531
45 7
5.7

California
Civilian noninstltutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstltutlonal population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstltutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstltutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstltutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstltutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstltutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstltutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstltutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texaa
Civilian noninstltutlonal population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

' These ara tha official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used In tha admlnlstrstlon of
Federal fund allocation programs.




' The population figures ara not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical numbers
appear In tha unadjusted and the seasonally adjuated columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Mat.
1984

Apr.
1984

May
1984

89,921

92,234

93,234

94,063

73,750

76,030

77,016

23,069,

24,084

24,469,
I
9781
60S.3!

Hay
1983

Total private
Goods-producing . .
Mining
Oil and gas extraction

I
938J
583.8.

Construction
General building contractors

3,861
3,794
981.6il,010.8

Manufacturing
Production workers
Durable goods
Production workers
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.
Leather and leather products
Service-producing.
Transportation and public utilities —
Communication and public utilities
Wholesale trade . . . .
Durable goods —
Nondurable goods
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
".
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services.
Health services . . .
Government.
Federal...
State
Local —
p = preliminary.




Jan.
1984

~eb.
1984

Mar.
1984

89,578

92,391

92,846

193,058

193,456

193,688

76,971
7 7 , 8 4 5 73,730 76,533
' I
2 4 , 8 4 9 23,087 i 24,383 2 4 , 5 7 7

J77.185

j 77,551

[77,798

24,595

24,763

j 24,856
I

j

Apr.
1984

D

May
1984

!

p

i_

-+-•
Total

May
1983

967
603.3

18,2701
12,396

19,323
13,280

10,640
7,046

11,456
7,736

1,575
64
736
1,153.5
657
1,286.8
1,046.0
197.0
705.7
207.7

940 '<
589 j

975
608

j
j

978
607

4,060!
4,319
1,056.0j 1,124.3

3,849 | 4,154
986 j 1,100

! 4,226
! I,HI

19,539
13,471

18,298 I 19,254
12,408 | 13,234

il9,373
,13,326

11,613
7,869

10,623 j 11,343 '11,440
7,020 ; 7,643
7,718

19,431j
13,368;
i
11,5331
7,796!

1

i
!
l

978
607

985 i
613 !

993
619

4,247
4,306
1,109 j 1,129
j 1,099
jl9,466 I 19,531 ' 19,557
J13.388 13,445 I 13,475

I 4,151

111,513
7.769

11,553 ! 11,590
7,804 i 7,836

J

700
482
598.0;
887.1!
349.6:
1,456.9!
2,192.9!
2,206.8;
1,905.3!
855.0|
717.2!
385.91

:ii

714
482
609
891
350
1,467
2,203
2,224
1,916
863
719.8
384.4

7,898;
5,572;

643 I
441 i
5 6 7 '•
827
341
1,355 i
2,014 .
1,989 ,
1,727 :
732 '
690 i
370 '

702
475
595
871
347
1,440
2,137
2,152
1,876
858
711
384

'

706
480
604
877
348
1,447
: 2,151
, 2,175
' 1,898
865
715 !
387

712
483
606
877
347
1,456
2,166
2,202
1,905
863
718
388

714
482
605
880
346
1,460
2,189
2,213
1,903
856
719
388

712
484
605
887
347
1,467
2,199
2,229
1,901
847
721
385

7,926
5,602

7,675
5,388

7,911
5,591

; 7,933
5,608

7,953
5,619

7,978
5,641

7,967
5,639

1,575.7!1,582.31 1,596.4
63.6
62.4;
62.2
763.9
765.9|
763.7
1,215.5 1,220.1! 1,220.8
6 7 6 . Sj
677. ll
679.5
1,341.611,349.0
1,350.8
1,053 2 ! 1 , 0 5 6 . 8 ! 1 , 0 5 8 . 5
187.2;
186
189.2
790.01
785
797.8
207.0J
205.5J
206.8

1,621
70
736
1,149
658
1,288
1,045
197
704
207

1,638
66
768
1,207
676
1,328
1,053
191
774
210

1,637
65
767
1,213
680
1,333
1,054
190
784
210

1\638 , 1,647
66
67
769
767
1,218
1,225
680
680
1,339
1,348
1,054
1,058
190
189
790
789
209
208

1,641
67
763
1,216
681
1,352
1,057
189
795
206

68,008

168,269

68,463 .68,693

68,832

688.0
645.
480.5
4 39
585.8
570,
881.2
831
347
343.
1,449
1,353,
2,017.8'2,177.
l , 9 8 4 . l | 2,188,
1.739.9J1,907.
744.1,
863
714.
688. t
383
3 6 9 . 9:
7,630!
5,350!

j
991
612.6

7,867'
5.544J

I

i
•

;
'
!

66,852! 68,150|
I
5,OOo!
5,055
2,733
2,793!
2,267
2.262J

68,765
I
5,0961
2,837;
2,259

5,142
2,875
2,267

5,001
5,095
2,728
2,816
2,273 , 2,279

5,105
2,828
2,276

5,112
2,839
2,273

5,4211
3,192
2,229|

5,450
3,212
2,238

5,489
3,242
2,247

5,220 I 5,406
3,033 j 3,168
2,187 | 2,238

5,438
3,193
2,245

5,457
. 3,205
; 2,252

15,433 | 15,914
2,142 j 2,210
2,549
2,618
1,648
1,725
4.972
5,111

15,980
2,211
2,626
1,740
5,121

16,030
2,230
2,626
1,748
5,136

16,094
2,241
2,637
1,743
5,158

16,117
2,252
2,631
1,753
5,153

5,214
3,034
2,180

6 9 , 2 1 4 66,491

;

15,427
2,073.0
2,539.2
1,651.1
5,078.1

15,629
2,140.5
2,592.2
1,722.0
4,966.4

15,917
2,158.0
2,610.4
1,736.4
5,152.6

16,117
2,179.5
2,620.7
1,756.3
5,261.2

5,441
2,717
1,718
1,006

5,565
2,816
1,740
1,008

5,594
2,822
1,740
1,032

5,628
2,832
1,743
1,053

19,599
3,455.4
5,955.9

20,276
3,836.3
6,033.9

20,490
3,871.8
6,043.6

20,620
3,954.4
6,050.9

16,171
2,756
3,701
9,714

16,204
2,756
3,785
9,662

16,218
2,767
3,785
9,666

5,131
2,863
2,268
5,474
3,218 ,
2,256

5,141
2,869
2,272
5,496
3,242
2,254

5,573
2,797
1,737
1,039

5,593
2,812
1,741
1,040

5,613
2,831
1,742
1,041

5,640
2,851
1,742
1,047

5,650
2,861
1,743
1,046

19,529 I 20,162
3,474 j 3,798
5.973 I
6,030

20,278
3,845
6,040

20,378
3,875
, 6,052

20,449
3,903
! 6,062

20,538
3,974
6,069

15,875
2 . 763
, J.S82
j 9,430
J

15,873
2,770
3,686
I 9,417

15,905
2,773
3,693
9,439

15,890
2,767
3,701
9,422

5,460
2,743
1,718 :
999 !

16,218 1 5 , 8 4 8
2,770 2 , 7 5 3
3,652
3,753
9,695 9 , 4 4 3

! 15,858
I
2,760
'
3,670
• 9,428

NOTE- Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1983 benchmarks and updated seasonal adiustment factors and are not comparable with previously published
data. See the note on page 3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagriculturai payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
May
1983

Mar.
1984

Apr.
1984

May
1984

May
1983

Jan.
1984

Feb.
1984

Mar.
1984

Apr.
1984

May
1984

34.9

35.0

35.3

35.'3

34.9

35.4

35.3

35.3

35.5

35.3

Mining

42.2

42.8

42.9

43.2

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Construction

37.5

36.7

37.6

38.0

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

39.9
2.7

40.7
3.4

40.9
3.4

40.7
3.3

39.9
2.7

40.9
3.5

40.9
3.5

40.7
3.5

41.2
3.7

40.7
3.4

Durable goods
Overtime hours

40.4
2.6

41.4
3.6

41.7
3.6

41.4
3.5

40.3
2.6

41.6
3.7

41.7
3.8

41.4
3.7

41.8
4.0

41.4
3.5

40.
39.
41.
40.
38.
40.
39.
40.
41.
43.
40.
38.

39.
39,
41.
42.
41.
41,
42.
41,
43.
44,
41.
39.

40.
39,
42.
42.
42.
41.
42.
41.
43.
44,
41,
39.

40.
39.
42.
42,
41.
41.
41.
40.
43.
44,
40.
39.

39.8
3».2
41..2
40..2
39..2
40..3
40..0
40..2
41..6
42..6
40. 3
(2)

40.
40,
42.
41.
41.
41.
41.
41.
43.
44.8
41.3
(2)

40.
39,
42.
42,
41.
41.8
41.9
41.
43.
44.
41.

40.5
39.8
42,
42.
40.
41.8
42.3
41.
43.
44.
41.
(2)

39,
39,
42,
42,
42,
41,
41.8
41.0
42.
43.
40.

(2)

40.1
39.6
41.9
41.8
41.2
41,
41,
41,
42.
44.
41.
(2)

39.3
2.8

39.6
3.1

39.8
3.1

39.6
3.0

39.4
2.9

39.9
3.3

39.9
3.3

39.8
3.3

40.2
3.4

39.7
3.1

39.
37,
40.
36,
42.
37,
41.
43,
41.
37,

39.
36,
40.
36,
42.
38,
41.
43,
41.
36,

39.
39,
40.
36,
42.
38,
42.
44.
42.
37,

39.
40.
40.
36.
42.
37.
41.
44.
41.
37.

39.4
(2)
40.5
36.1
42.7
37.5
41.6
43.6
(2)
36.8

39.7
(2)
40.6
36.6
43.2
37.9
42.1
44.8
(2)
37.3

39.7
(2)
40.8
36.9
43.2
37.9
42.1
44.5
(2)
37.2

39.8
(2)
40.6
36.7
43.0
37.9
42.0
44.7
(2)
36.7

40.1
(2)
41.3
37.4
43.1
38.3
42.0
44.0
(2)
37.7

39.6
(2)
40 1
36 5
43 I
38 0
41 9
44 1
(2)
37.1

Transportation and public utilities

38.7

39.0

39.3

39.2

38.9

39.5

39.3

39.2

39.5

39.4

Wholesale trade

38.4

38.3

38.5

38.5

38.5

38.6

38.5

38.5

38.7

38.5

Retail trade

29.7

29.6

29.9

30.1

29.8

30.1

30.0

30.1

30.1

30.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate

36.3

36.3

36.6

36.2

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Services

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.8

32.8

32.7

Total private

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

' Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervlsory workers In transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private
nonagriculturai payrolls.
* This series is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot
be separated with sufficient precision.




(2)

p = preliminary.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised to reflect March 1983 benchmarks and updated seasonal adjustment factors and are not comparable with previously published
data. See the note on page 3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturai
payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Total private

May
1983

Mar.
1984

Apr,
1984 p

May
1984

May
1983

$7.98
7.98

$8.24
8.25

$8.29
8.31

$8.28
8.28

$278.50
278.50

11.60

11.63

471.37

496.48

497.64

502.42

Mar.
1984

Apr.
1984

May
p 1984

$288.40 $292.64 $292.28
291.23 295.01 292.28

Seasonally adjusted
11.17
Mining
11.81

11.97

11.94

11.92

442.88

439.30

448.94

452.96

8.77

9.09

9.11

9.12

349.92

369.96

372.60

371.18

399.92
314.01
267.02
389.16
480.48
534.36
384.50
415.80
364.08
521.16
560.33
358.85
276.01

403.24
317.56
267.30
400.90
488.02
551.46
387.61
417.63
364.49
522.97
563.^0
358.80
275.62

400.34
316.79
267.13
405.03
484.88
548.42
385.85
414.08
363.60
518.15
553.38
354.09
275.49

Construction
Manufacturing

11.44
12.97

11.51
13.13

11.49
13.12

8.88
12.12
12.62
8.71
6.97

8.89
12.05
12.55
8.73
6.96

8.89
12.05
12.52
8.70
7.01

376.12
312.35
254.28
380.47
451.20
495.59
365.12
379.45
344.06
482.27
518.30
338.12
263.84

10.50
13.18
7.94
5.52

8.27
8.39
11.29
6.41
5.48
10.25
9.29
10.95
13.44
8.20
5.68

8.29
8.43
11.41
6.43
5.48
10.29
9.30
10.97
13.43
8.25
5.67

8.31
8.42
11.54
6.41
5.46
10.35
9.28
11.02
13.33
8.27
5.71

315.97
322.65
403.17
249.28
192.41
416,93
337.19
435.75
575.97
326.33
204.79

327.49
329.73
416.60
258.96
201.12
437.68
353.02
458.81
585.98
341.94
205.05

329.94
332.99
450.70
261.06
201.66
441.44
354.33
460.74
593.61
347.33
210.92

329.08
332.59
462.75
257.68
199.29
444.02
350.78
461.74
589.19
344.86
214.13

9.31
7.77
6.52
9.19
11.28
12.74
9.06
9.51
8.58
11.51
11.97
8.39
6.80

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and Kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

8.04
8.21
10.78

10.73

11.02

11.07

11.09

415.25

429.78

435.05

434.73

Wholesale trade

8.49

8.79

8.89

8.85

326.02

336.66

342.27

340.73

Retail trade

5.72

5.89

5.89

5.87

169.88

174.34

176.11

176.69

Finance, Insurance, and real estate

7.29

7.54

7.63

7.55

264.63

273.70

279.26

273.31

Services

7.27

7.54

7.60

7.54

237.00

245.80

248.52

245.80

Transportation and public utilities

1

See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagriculturai payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally adjusted
Percent
ehanga
from:

Industry

Total private nonfarm:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, end
real eetete
Services

Seasonally adjusted

May
1983

Mar.
1984

Apr.
1984p

May
1984p

May
1983May
1984

154,
94.
164.
144.
157.
155.
157.
150.

158.9
95.1
172.0
145.3
161.1
160.2
162.7
153.4

159.8
95.4
172.8
145.4
161.6
160.8
164.6
154.2

159.6
N.A.
173.6
145.5
161.8
161.1
163.9
153.9

3.2
(2)
5.4

158.
155.

164.2
160.A

165.9
162.3

164.5
161.5

1
2
3
4

Percent
changa
from:
May
1983

Jan.
1984

Feb.
1984

Mar.
1984

Apr .
1984p

May
1984p

Apr.
1984May
1984

154.7
94.8
(4)
144.8
157.3
156.2
(4)
149.6

158.4
94.8
(4)
146.3
160.3
159.9
(4)
152.7

158.5
94.8
<4)
146.2
160.7
159.8
(4)
152.9

159.1
95.1
(4)
146.3
161.2
160.9
(4)
153.2

159.9
95.4
(4)
146.5
161.6
161.3
(4)
153.7

159.6
N.A.
(4)
146.2
161.9
161.7
(4)
153.3

-0.2
(3)
(4)
-.2
.2
.3
(4)
-.3

(4)
155.3

(4)
159.8

(4)
159.8

(4)
160.8

(4)
162.3

(4)
161.3

(4)
-.6

See footnote I , t a b l e B - 2 .
P e r c e n t c h a n g e I s . 6 p e r c e n t from A p r i l 1 9 8 3 t o A p r i l 1 9 8 4 , t h e l a t e s t m o n t h a v a i l a b l e .
P e r c e n t c h a n g e i s . 3 p e r c e n t from March 1 9 8 4 t o A p r i l 1 9 8 4 , t h e l a t e s t month a v a i l a b l e .
These s e r i e s a r e n o t s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d s i n c e t h e s e a s o n a l component I s s m a l l r e l a t i v e
I r r e g u l a r c o m p o n e n t s and c o n s e q u e n t l y c a n n o t be s e p a r a t e d w i t h s u f f i c i e n t
precision.
N.A. " not a v a i l a b l e ,
p » preliminary.
NOTE: Data in these tables have been revised to reflect March 1983 benchmarks and
updated seasonal adjustment factors and are not comparable with previously published data. See the note on page 3.
*




to the trend-cycle

and/or

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
1

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977 = 100)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total...

May
1983

Mar.
1984

May
May
Apr.
1984 Pi 1984 p 1983

104.6

108.3

110.6

111.9

Jan.
1984

Feb.
1984

104.7

Mar.
1984

Apr.
May
1984 p 1984

110.9

112.1

98.1

100.2

99.6

114.4

115.4

111.9

89.6

95.4

98.1

99.9

89.4

97.9

99.2

Mining

103.9

109.9

111.5

114.3

104.8

111.5

112.1

Construction ..

100.4

95.4

106.2

115.8

99.0

110.3

114.1

107.7

112.9

113.7

86.8

94.7

95.9

96.1

86.9

94.9

95.7

95.7

97.0

96.1

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

83
87
91
81
65
57
80
80
96
83
74.8
101.8
79.5

94.1
93.6
101
84
74,
63
89,
94
111.8
96.4
92.4
108.4
84. 5

95
96
102
87
75
64
90.8
95.2
112.8
97.0
92.0
108.5
85.5

95.7
98.0
102.1
90.2
75.3
64.8
91.3
95.1
113.6
96.9
91.6
107.8
85.0

83.
86.
92.
80,
64.
57,
80.
80.
96.
81.
71.
101.
80.

93.4
97.4
102.0
87.1
72.8
62.3
89
91
109
95
93
108
85

94.4
97.4
102.8
89.3
73
62
90
92
111
95
92.8
108.8
86.5

94.5
97.8
102.8
88
73
62
89
93
112
95
92
108.8
85.8

95.9
98.8
103.3
89
74
62
91
95
113
96.8
91.7
109.6
86.8

95.2
96.5
102.8
89.0
75.2
6 4 . 4»
91.3
95,
113.
94,
87.
108.
85.

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .
Leather and leather products

91.
91.
83.
80.
87,
94.
107,
93.
93,
98.
79.

95.6
91.1
80.5
83.7
94.1
97.8
115.4
95.6
84.1
111.5
77.0

96.6
92.2
84.2
84.3
94.8
98.4
116.4
96.2
86.0
113.5
80.0

96.
93.
85.
83.
94,
98.
115.
96.
90.
113.
80.

92
94,
92
80
87
94,
108
93
92
97.8
78.5

97.0
97.0
87.6
84.5
93.2
98.8
113.8
96.1
89.4
111.0
81.4

97.5
96.9
86.1
84.8
94.4
99.4
114.1
96.3
88.8
112.5
81.2

97.
97.
87.
84.
94.
99.
114.
96.
88.
112.
79.

98.8
98.6
93
86
96
99
116
96
87
113.8
81.8

97.
97.
93.1
83.0
93.
99.
116.
96.
89.
113.
79.

113.0

115.4

117.6

118.6

113.1

117.2

117.4

117.9

118.7

118.8

99.7

101.1

102.9

103.9

100.1

103.4

103.1

103.1

104.4

104.2

110.8

112.1

113.1

107.1

111.6

112.0

112.5

113.3

113.3

Goods-producing

Manufacturing

Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade

106.7

Retail trade

104.7

105.2

108.2

110.5

105.1

109.3

109.4

109.9

110.6

110.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate

118.6

120.9

122.7

122.6

119.0

122.0

122.1

122.2

123.4

122.4

Services

125.4

129.5

131.4

131.6

125.1

129.4

129.9

130.9

131.4

131.5

1

See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.

1
Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment increased

Time
span

Year

Over
1-month
span
Over
3-month
span
Over
6-month
span

ill

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

27.6
54.3
71.1

47.6
46.5
73.2

35.7
60.8
67.0

31.1
68.9
6 4 . 6p

41.1
69.5
58.4p

33.5
64.6

34.6
74.3

32.4
68.6

37.3
69.5

28.9
75.4

32.4
69.7

4*. 7
73.8

25.1
46.8
82.2

27.8
57.3
80.5

27.8
64.1
77.3p

27.3
75.1
6 9 . 2p

27.6
75.7

28.6
77.8

23.5
74.1

24.1
81.6

26.5
80.8

25.9
78.9

27.8
79.5

41.6
77.6

19.2
50.8
8i.9p

22.2
63.0
82.4p

21.9
69.2

24.6
75.1

20.3
80.0

21.4
82.4

21.4
84.1

18.6
82.4

23.2
84.6

27.3
85.9

29.5
86.8

35.4
83.8

21.6
49.5

21.4
54.3

17.6
61.9

18.1
71.1

16.2
77.3

18.1
79.5

21.1
83.8

21.1
88.1

25.1
86.8

31.6
87.6p

34.1
84.3p

40.3

' Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3. and 6 month spans, on payrolls
of 185 private nonagricultural industries,
p = preliminary.

* U.S.

GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE:




1984-421-816:563

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans. Data
in these tables have been revised to reflect March 1983 benchmarks and updated
seasonal adjustment factors and are not comparable with previously published data.
See the note on page 3.

U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Washington, D.C. 20212
Official Business
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