Full text of The Employment Situation : March 2022

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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, April 1, 2022

USDL-22-0557

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MARCH 2022
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 431,000 in March, and the unemployment rate declined
to 3.6 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains continued in leisure
and hospitality, professional and business services, retail trade, and manufacturing.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
March 2019 – March 2022

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
March 2019 – March 2022

Percent

Thousands

16.0

160,000

14.0

155,000

12.0

150,000

10.0

145,000

8.0

140,000

6.0

135,000

4.0

130,000
125,000

2.0
Mar-19

Sep-19

Mar-20

Sep-20

Mar-21

Sep-21

Mar-22

Mar-19

Sep-19

Mar-20

Sep-20

Mar-21

Sep-21

Mar-22

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.6 percent in March, and the number of
unemployed persons decreased by 318,000 to 6.0 million. These measures are little different from their
values in February 2020 (3.5 percent and 5.7 million, respectively), prior to the coronavirus (COVID19) pandemic. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult women (3.3 percent) declined in
March. The jobless rates for adult men (3.4 percent), teenagers (10.0 percent), Whites (3.2 percent),
Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians (2.8 percent), and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little change over the
month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers decreased by 191,000 to 1.4 million in
March and is little different from its February 2020 level of 1.3 million. The number of persons on
temporary layoff was little changed over the month at 787,000 and has essentially returned to its
February 2020 level. The number of job leavers—that is, unemployed persons who quit or voluntarily
left their previous job and began looking for new employment—fell by 176,000 to 787,000 in March.
(See table A-11.)
In March, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) decreased by
274,000 to 1.4 million. This measure is 307,000 higher than in February 2020. The long-term
unemployed accounted for 23.9 percent of all unemployed persons in March. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate, at 62.4 percent, changed little in March. The employmentpopulation ratio increased by 0.2 percentage point to 60.1 percent. Both measures remain below their
February 2020 values (63.4 percent and 61.2 percent, respectively). (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was about unchanged at 4.2 million
in March and is little different from its February 2020 level. These individuals, who would have
preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they
were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job increased by 382,000
to 5.7 million in March, following a decrease of a similar magnitude in the prior month. This measure is
above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were not counted as unemployed
because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were
unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to
the labor force, at 1.4 million, changed little in March. These individuals wanted and were available for
work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4
weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached
who believed that no jobs were available for them, was essentially unchanged over the month at
373,000. (See Summary table A.)
Household Survey Supplemental Data
In March, 10.0 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down
from 13.0 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked
at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the pandemic.
In March, 2.5 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer
closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at
some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 4.2
million in the previous month. Among those who reported in March that they were unable to work

-2-

because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 15.4 percent received at least some pay from
their employer for the hours not worked, down from 20.3 percent in February.
Among those not in the labor force in March, 874,000 persons were prevented from looking for work
due to the pandemic, down from 1.2 million in the prior month. (To be counted as unemployed, by
definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)
These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to
help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables
with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 431,000 in March, as job gains continued in leisure and
hospitality, professional and business services, retail trade, and manufacturing. Overall, job growth
averaged 562,000 per month in the first quarter of 2022, the same as the average monthly gain for 2021.
However, employment is down by 1.6 million, or 1.0 percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February
2020. (See table B-1.)
Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to increase, with a gain of 112,000 in March. Job
growth occurred in food services and drinking places (+61,000) and accommodation (+25,000).
Employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 1.5 million, or 8.7 percent, since February 2020.
Job growth continued in professional and business services, which added 102,000 jobs in March.
Within the industry, job gains occurred in services to buildings and dwellings (+22,000), accounting and
bookkeeping services (+18,000), management and technical consulting services (+15,000), computer
systems design and related services (+12,000), and scientific research and development services
(+5,000). Employment in professional and business services is 723,000 higher than in February 2020.
Employment in retail trade increased by 49,000 in March, with gains in general merchandise stores
(+20,000) and food and beverage stores (+18,000). Health and personal care stores lost 5,000 jobs.
Retail trade employment is 278,000 above its level in February 2020.
Manufacturing added 38,000 jobs in March. Employment in durable goods industries rose by 22,000,
with gains in transportation equipment (+11,000) and electrical equipment and appliances (+4,000).
These gains were partially offset by a loss of 5,000 jobs in nonmetallic mineral products. Nondurable
goods manufacturing added 16,000 jobs over the month, including a gain in chemicals (+7,000). Since
February 2020, manufacturing employment is down by 128,000, or 1.0 percent.
Employment in social assistance increased by 25,000 in March, with the gain concentrated in individual
and family services (+18,000). Employment in social assistance is down by 126,000, or 2.9 percent,
from its level in February 2020.
Employment in construction continued to trend up in March (+19,000) and has returned to its February
2020 level.

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In March, employment in financial activities rose by 16,000, with gains in real estate and rental and
leasing (+14,000) and in securities, commodity contracts, and investments (+5,000). Employment in
financial activities is 41,000 above its level in February 2020.
Health care employment changed little in March (+8,000), after a large increase in the prior month.
Employment in the industry is down by 298,000, or 1.8 percent, since February 2020.
Employment in transportation and warehousing was essentially unchanged in March (-1,000),
following large gains in the prior 2 months. In March, a job gain in couriers and messengers (+7,000)
was offset by small losses in other component industries. Employment in transportation and
warehousing is 608,000 higher than in February 2020.
Employment showed little change over the month in mining, wholesale trade, information, other
services, and government.
Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 13 cents to $31.73 in
March. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.6 percent. In March,
average hourly earnings of private sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 11 cents
to $27.06. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.1 hour to 34.6 hours in
March. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was unchanged at 40.7 hours, and
overtime fell by 0.1 hour to 3.4 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 hour to 34.1 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised up by 23,000, from +481,000
to +504,000, and the change for February was revised up by 72,000, from +678,000 to +750,000. With
these revisions, employment in January and February combined is 95,000 higher than previously
reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government
agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 6, 2022, at 8:30
a.m. (ET).

-4-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Change from:
Feb. 2022Mar. 2022

Mar.
2022

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,003
160,631
61.5
150,940
57.8
9,691
6.0
100,372

263,202
163,687
62.2
157,174
59.7
6,513
4.0
99,516

263,324
163,991
62.3
157,722
59.9
6,270
3.8
99,333

263,444
164,409
62.4
158,458
60.1
5,952
3.6
99,035

120
418
0.1
736
0.2
-318
-0.2
-298

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

6.0
5.8
5.7
12.7
5.3
9.5
5.9
7.7

4.0
3.8
3.6
10.9
3.4
6.9
3.6
4.9

3.8
3.5
3.6
10.3
3.3
6.6
3.1
4.4

3.6
3.4
3.3
10.0
3.2
6.2
2.8
4.2

-0.2
-0.1
-0.3
-0.3
-0.1
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

5.2
8.2
6.6
5.8
3.7

3.4
6.3
4.6
3.6
2.3

3.3
4.3
4.5
3.8
2.2

2.9
5.2
4.0
3.0
2.0

-0.4
0.9
-0.5
-0.8
-0.2

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

6,262
768
2,248
503

3,220
952
1,959
433

3,044
963
1,947
417

2,831
787
1,985
463

-213
-176
38
46

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,204
1,950
1,371
4,201

2,417
1,607
816
1,691

2,131
1,800
735
1,702

2,289
1,684
571
1,428

158
-116
-164
-274

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

5,823
4,643
1,013
19,128

3,717
2,430
969
20,198

4,135
2,707
1,060
20,667

4,170
2,880
1,055
20,870

35
173
-5
203

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,852
522

1,526
408

1,471
391

1,360
373

-111
-18

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

704
650
155
9
100
46
26
8.2
20
495
13.1
36.0
50.1
0.6
10
9
119
22.4
87
62.3
153
17
54

504
492
32
0
6
26
10
0.3
16
460
12.6
121.4
53.4
0.6
5
2
88
27.7
33
11.1
138
6
12

750
739
102
7
57
38
15
-16.0
23
637
19.6
110.3
69.7
-0.4
-5
30
105
43.0
117
96.8
154
37
11

431
426
60
3
19
38
22
6.4
16
366
7.0
49.0
-0.5
-1.2
16
16
102
4.9
53
33.3
112
13
5

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

645
589

580
560

614
597

562
552

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.7
48.3
81.2

34.9
$30.06
$1,049.09
107.4
1.4
154.3
1.4

76.8
73.0

49.7
48.3
81.5

34.6
$31.56
$1,091.98
110.8
-0.2
167.2
0.4

62.9
60.1

Feb.
2022p

49.7
48.3
81.5

34.7
$31.60
$1,096.52
111.8
0.9
168.9
1.0

81.3
85.1

Mar.
2022p

49.8
48.3
81.5

34.6
$31.73
$1,097.86
111.8
0.0
169.7
0.5

69.7
64.2

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 670,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,003
160,397
61.5
150,493
57.7
9,905
6.2
100,606
6,576

263,324
163,725
62.2
156,942
59.6
6,782
4.1
99,600
5,299

263,444
164,274
62.4
158,106
60.0
6,168
3.8
99,170
5,502

261,003
160,631
61.5
150,940
57.8
9,691
6.0
100,372
6,822

262,029
162,126
61.9
155,324
59.3
6,802
4.2
99,902
5,819

262,136
162,294
61.9
155,975
59.5
6,319
3.9
99,842
5,713

263,202
163,687
62.2
157,174
59.7
6,513
4.0
99,516
5,704

263,324
163,991
62.3
157,722
59.9
6,270
3.8
99,333
5,355

263,444
164,409
62.4
158,458
60.1
5,952
3.6
99,035
5,737

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,266
84,728
67.1
79,188
62.7
5,540
6.5
41,538

128,296
87,271
68.0
83,460
65.1
3,812
4.4
41,024

128,355
87,408
68.1
83,902
65.4
3,506
4.0
40,947

126,266
85,008
67.3
79,777
63.2
5,231
6.2
41,259

126,779
86,017
67.8
82,432
65.0
3,585
4.2
40,762

126,832
85,857
67.7
82,508
65.1
3,349
3.9
40,975

128,236
87,074
67.9
83,518
65.1
3,556
4.1
41,162

128,296
87,567
68.3
84,247
65.7
3,320
3.8
40,729

128,355
87,660
68.3
84,465
65.8
3,195
3.6
40,695

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117,949
81,992
69.5
76,872
65.2
5,120
6.2
35,957

119,669
84,390
70.5
80,918
67.6
3,472
4.1
35,280

119,726
84,403
70.5
81,201
67.8
3,202
3.8
35,323

117,949
82,048
69.6
77,262
65.5
4,786
5.8
35,901

118,466
83,007
70.1
79,736
67.3
3,272
3.9
35,459

118,520
82,902
69.9
79,892
67.4
3,010
3.6
35,618

119,612
83,967
70.2
80,767
67.5
3,199
3.8
35,645

119,669
84,446
70.6
81,473
68.1
2,973
3.5
35,224

119,726
84,426
70.5
81,554
68.1
2,872
3.4
35,300

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134,737
75,670
56.2
71,305
52.9
4,365
5.8
59,067

135,028
76,453
56.6
73,483
54.4
2,971
3.9
58,575

135,089
76,866
56.9
74,203
54.9
2,663
3.5
58,223

134,737
75,623
56.1
71,163
52.8
4,461
5.9
59,113

135,250
76,109
56.3
72,892
53.9
3,217
4.2
59,141

135,304
76,437
56.5
73,467
54.3
2,970
3.9
58,867

134,966
76,612
56.8
73,656
54.6
2,957
3.9
58,354

135,028
76,425
56.6
73,475
54.4
2,950
3.9
58,604

135,089
76,749
56.8
73,992
54.8
2,757
3.6
58,340

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,594
72,818
57.5
68,730
54.3
4,088
5.6
53,775

126,631
73,650
58.2
70,931
56.0
2,718
3.7
52,981

126,691
73,946
58.4
71,555
56.5
2,391
3.2
52,745

126,594
72,635
57.4
68,486
54.1
4,149
5.7
53,959

127,112
73,134
57.5
70,257
55.3
2,876
3.9
53,978

127,167
73,455
57.8
70,795
55.7
2,660
3.6
53,712

126,570
73,494
58.1
70,857
56.0
2,637
3.6
53,076

126,631
73,446
58.0
70,775
55.9
2,671
3.6
53,185

126,691
73,695
58.2
71,244
56.2
2,451
3.3
52,996

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,460
5,587
33.9
4,890
29.7
697
12.5
10,873

17,024
5,685
33.4
5,094
29.9
592
10.4
11,339

17,027
5,926
34.8
5,350
31.4
576
9.7
11,102

16,460
5,948
36.1
5,192
31.5
756
12.7
10,512

16,450
5,985
36.4
5,331
32.4
654
10.9
10,465

16,449
5,936
36.1
5,287
32.1
649
10.9
10,512

17,020
6,226
36.6
5,550
32.6
676
10.9
10,795

17,024
6,100
35.8
5,474
32.2
626
10.3
10,924

17,027
6,288
36.9
5,660
33.2
629
10.0
10,739

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

201,642
123,768
61.4
116,981
58.0
6,787
5.5
77,874

202,875
126,014
62.1
121,402
59.8
4,612
3.7
76,861

202,932
126,302
62.2
122,122
60.2
4,180
3.3
76,630

201,642
123,902
61.4
117,288
58.2
6,614
5.3
77,740

202,199
124,677
61.7
120,084
59.4
4,593
3.7
77,521

202,250
124,780
61.7
120,749
59.7
4,032
3.2
77,469

202,819
125,782
62.0
121,497
59.9
4,285
3.4
77,038

202,875
126,139
62.2
121,967
60.1
4,172
3.3
76,736

202,932
126,364
62.3
122,357
60.3
4,007
3.2
76,568

64,348
69.6
60,753
65.7
3,596
5.6

65,987
70.5
63,583
67.9
2,404
3.6

66,085
70.6
63,808
68.1
2,278
3.4

64,346
69.6
61,008
66.0
3,338
5.2

64,973
70.0
62,835
67.7
2,138
3.3

65,000
70.0
63,047
67.9
1,953
3.0

65,736
70.2
63,612
68.0
2,124
3.2

65,972
70.5
63,995
68.4
1,977
3.0

66,059
70.6
64,043
68.4
2,015
3.1

55,040
56.7
52,340
53.9
2,699
4.9

55,501
57.3
53,737
55.5
1,764
3.2

55,556
57.4
54,041
55.8
1,515
2.7

54,908
56.6
52,162
53.7
2,746
5.0

55,069
56.6
53,030
54.5
2,039
3.7

55,177
56.7
53,493
54.9
1,684
3.1

55,169
57.0
53,449
55.2
1,720
3.1

55,312
57.1
53,571
55.3
1,740
3.1

55,376
57.2
53,803
55.6
1,572
2.8

4,380
36.3
3,888
32.2
492
11.2

4,525
36.3
4,082
32.7
444
9.8

4,660
37.4
4,273
34.3
388
8.3

4,648
38.5
4,118
34.1
530
11.4

4,635
38.4
4,219
35.0
415
9.0

4,603
38.2
4,209
34.9
395
8.6

4,877
39.1
4,435
35.6
442
9.1

4,855
38.9
4,400
35.3
455
9.4

4,930
39.5
4,510
36.2
420
8.5

33,530
20,283
60.5
18,281
54.5
2,002
9.9
13,247

34,004
21,003
61.8
19,566
57.5
1,437
6.8
13,001

34,030
21,026
61.8
19,695
57.9
1,331
6.3
13,003

33,530
20,344
60.7
18,419
54.9
1,925
9.5
13,186

33,725
20,477
60.7
19,143
56.8
1,335
6.5
13,248

33,749
20,506
60.8
19,057
56.5
1,449
7.1
13,243

33,978
21,056
62.0
19,597
57.7
1,459
6.9
12,922

34,004
21,145
62.2
19,751
58.1
1,394
6.6
12,859

34,030
21,134
62.1
19,825
58.3
1,309
6.2
12,895

9,394
66.3
8,406
59.4
988
10.5

9,887
68.4
9,200
63.7
687
6.9

9,754
67.4
9,163
63.4
590
6.1

9,421
66.5
8,510
60.1
911
9.7

9,466
66.4
8,787
61.6
679
7.2

9,378
65.7
8,723
61.1
655
7.0

9,741
67.5
9,051
62.7
690
7.1

9,966
69.0
9,327
64.5
640
6.4

9,817
67.9
9,264
64.1
553
5.6

10,197
60.1
9,296
54.8
902
8.8

10,527
61.6
9,874
57.8
653
6.2

10,572
61.8
9,986
58.4
586
5.5

10,182
60.0
9,300
54.8
882
8.7

10,301
60.3
9,802
57.4
500
4.9

10,445
61.1
9,794
57.3
651
6.2

10,568
61.9
9,954
58.3
614
5.8

10,537
61.7
9,897
57.9
640
6.1

10,569
61.8
9,984
58.4
585
5.5

691
28.9
579
24.2
112
16.2

589
23.8
491
19.9
98
16.6

701
28.3
546
22.1
155
22.1

740
30.9
609
25.4
132
17.8

711
29.8
554
23.2
157
22.0

683
28.6
540
22.6
143
21.0

747
30.2
592
24.0
155
20.7

642
26.0
528
21.4
114
17.8

749
30.3
577
23.3
172
22.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mar.
2021
16,532
10,433
63.1
9,817
59.4
616
5.9
6,099

Feb.
2022
16,782
10,567
63.0
10,256
61.1
311
2.9
6,215

Mar.
2022
16,803
10,784
64.2
10,493
62.4
291
2.7
6,019

Mar.
2021
16,532
10,411
63.0
9,798
59.3
613
5.9
6,120

Nov.
2021
16,513
10,781
65.3
10,362
62.8
419
3.9
5,731

Dec.
2021
16,612
10,739
64.6
10,326
62.2
413
3.8
5,873

Jan.
2022
16,903
10,880
64.4
10,492
62.1
388
3.6
6,022

Feb.
2022
16,782
10,555
62.9
10,231
61.0
324
3.1
6,227

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Mar.
2022
16,803
10,761
64.0
10,460
62.3
300
2.8
6,042

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

44,651
29,232
65.5
26,848
60.1
2,384
8.2
15,418

45,816
30,449
66.5
28,991
63.3
1,458
4.8
15,367

45,888
30,498
66.5
29,155
63.5
1,343
4.4
15,390

44,651
29,182
65.4
26,942
60.3
2,240
7.7
15,468

45,232
29,979
66.3
28,432
62.9
1,547
5.2
15,253

45,303
29,883
66.0
28,427
62.7
1,456
4.9
15,420

45,740
30,390
66.4
28,893
63.2
1,497
4.9
15,350

45,816
30,492
66.6
29,136
63.6
1,356
4.4
15,324

45,888
30,475
66.4
29,209
63.7
1,265
4.2
15,414

16,033
79.5
14,733
73.0
1,300
8.1

16,678
80.3
15,964
76.9
713
4.3

16,672
80.2
15,938
76.6
734
4.4

15,940
79.0
14,794
73.3
1,147
7.2

16,422
80.3
15,681
76.7
741
4.5

16,266
79.4
15,580
76.1
687
4.2

16,586
80.0
15,867
76.6
719
4.3

16,700
80.4
16,086
77.5
614
3.7

16,619
79.9
15,979
76.8
640
3.8

11,869
58.1
10,983
53.7
886
7.5

12,425
59.7
11,809
56.7
616
5.0

12,465
59.8
11,928
57.2
537
4.3

11,893
58.2
11,020
53.9
873
7.3

12,170
58.7
11,531
55.7
639
5.3

12,288
59.2
11,682
56.3
606
4.9

12,383
59.6
11,775
56.6
608
4.9

12,403
59.6
11,802
56.7
601
4.8

12,477
59.8
11,950
57.3
527
4.2

1,331
33.0
1,133
28.1
198
14.9

1,346
31.8
1,218
28.8
129
9.6

1,361
32.1
1,289
30.4
72
5.3

1,349
33.5
1,128
28.0
220
16.3

1,387
34.1
1,220
30.0
167
12.1

1,328
32.6
1,165
28.6
163
12.2

1,421
33.6
1,251
29.6
170
12.0

1,389
32.8
1,248
29.5
141
10.2

1,379
32.5
1,280
30.2
98
7.1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,835
43.9
7,997
39.8
838
9.5

8,647
45.2
8,141
42.5
507
5.9

9,030
45.3
8,456
42.4
574
6.4

8,935
44.4
8,198
40.8
737
8.2

8,791
45.1
8,304
42.6
487
5.5

8,712
44.8
8,255
42.5
457
5.2

8,687
44.5
8,142
41.7
545
6.3

8,962
46.8
8,574
44.8
388
4.3

9,097
45.6
8,627
43.2
470
5.2

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34,351
54.9
31,902
51.0
2,449
7.1

36,577
56.2
34,793
53.5
1,784
4.9

36,943
56.9
35,365
54.5
1,578
4.3

34,283
54.8
32,004
51.2
2,279
6.6

35,444
55.7
33,615
52.9
1,829
5.2

35,828
55.7
34,188
53.1
1,640
4.6

37,064
57.2
35,361
54.6
1,703
4.6

36,589
56.2
34,953
53.7
1,636
4.5

36,847
56.8
35,368
54.5
1,479
4.0

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,782
63.3
33,608
59.5
2,174
6.1

35,337
63.5
33,931
61.0
1,406
4.0

35,600
63.5
34,468
61.5
1,132
3.2

35,761
63.3
33,691
59.6
2,070
5.8

35,417
62.6
34,105
60.2
1,312
3.7

35,477
62.7
34,204
60.4
1,274
3.6

35,320
63.1
34,059
60.9
1,261
3.6

35,391
63.6
34,060
61.2
1,331
3.8

35,555
63.4
34,480
61.5
1,075
3.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61,316
72.6
59,086
69.9
2,230
3.6

62,734
73.3
61,375
71.7
1,359
2.2

62,027
73.3
60,855
71.9
1,172
1.9

60,871
72.0
58,623
69.4
2,248
3.7

61,317
72.0
59,937
70.4
1,380
2.2

61,134
72.3
59,860
70.8
1,274
2.1

61,699
72.6
60,294
70.9
1,404
2.3

62,003
72.4
60,656
70.9
1,347
2.2

61,597
72.8
60,386
71.4
1,211
2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Mar.
2021

Men
Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Women
Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,914
8,995
47.6
8,544
45.2
452
5.0
9,919

18,449
8,979
48.7
8,763
47.5
216
2.4
9,470

16,905
7,820
46.3
7,403
43.8
417
5.3
9,085

16,427
7,799
47.5
7,603
46.3
196
2.5
8,628

2,009
1,176
58.5
1,141
56.8
35
2.9
833

2,022
1,180
58.3
1,160
57.4
20
1.7
842

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,622
3,637
78.7
3,414
73.9
223
6.1
985

4,761
3,860
81.1
3,746
78.7
114
3.0
901

3,833
3,103
81.0
2,900
75.7
203
6.5
730

3,864
3,218
83.3
3,115
80.6
103
3.2
645

789
534
67.7
514
65.1
20
3.8
255

898
642
71.6
631
70.3
12
1.8
255

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,315
2,455
74.1
2,345
70.8
110
4.5
860

3,332
2,493
74.8
2,460
73.8
34
1.4
839

2,776
2,063
74.3
1,964
70.7
99
4.8
713

2,870
2,158
75.2
2,127
74.1
31
1.4
712

539
392
72.8
381
70.8
11
2.8
146

461
335
72.6
332
72.0
3
0.8
126

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,804
1,141
16.8
1,090
16.0
51
4.4
5,663

6,322
945
15.0
911
14.4
34
3.6
5,377

6,541
1,106
16.9
1,059
16.2
47
4.3
5,435

6,070
913
15.0
884
14.6
28
3.1
5,157

263
35
13.3
31
11.9
3
–
228

252
32
12.9
27
10.6
6
–
220

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,173
1,762
42.2
1,694
40.6
68
3.9
2,411

4,034
1,680
41.7
1,646
40.8
35
2.1
2,354

3,755
1,548
41.2
1,480
39.4
68
4.4
2,207

3,623
1,510
41.7
1,476
40.7
35
2.3
2,113

418
214
51.3
214
51.3
0
0.0
204

411
170
41.4
170
41.4
0
0.0
241

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

233,443
149,422
64.0
140,208
60.1
9,215
6.2
84,021

235,932
153,017
64.9
147,263
62.4
5,753
3.8
82,915

104,963
76,020
72.4
71,012
67.7
5,008
6.6
28,943

107,359
78,515
73.1
75,305
70.1
3,211
4.1
28,844

128,480
73,403
57.1
69,196
53.9
4,207
5.7
55,077

128,573
74,501
57.9
71,959
56.0
2,543
3.4
54,072

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

Persons with no disability
Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,108
6,082
20.2
5,459
18.1
623
10.2
24,026

32,616
7,550
23.1
6,882
21.1
668
8.8
25,066

230,895
154,315
66.8
145,034
62.8
9,282
6.0
76,580

230,828
156,724
67.9
151,224
65.5
5,501
3.5
74,104

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,494
33.3
2,226
29.8
268
10.7
4,985

3,202
38.8
2,889
35.0
313
9.8
5,050

76,533
81.6
71,553
76.3
4,981
6.5
17,222

78,110
82.6
75,114
79.4
2,996
3.8
16,444

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,506
33.4
2,214
29.5
292
11.6
5,002

3,107
36.7
2,804
33.2
303
9.7
5,351

68,417
70.8
64,580
66.9
3,837
5.6
28,181

69,120
71.9
66,884
69.6
2,236
3.2
26,947

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,082
7.2
1,019
6.7
63
5.9
14,039

1,242
7.8
1,190
7.5
52
4.2
14,665

9,365
23.1
8,901
22.0
464
5.0
31,176

9,494
23.6
9,226
22.9
268
2.8
30,713

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Mar.
2021

Men
Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Women
Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

43,059
27,775
64.5
25,886
60.1
1,889
6.8
15,285

44,456
29,159
65.6
28,172
63.4
986
3.4
15,297

20,674
15,838
76.6
14,841
71.8
997
6.3
4,836

21,475
16,553
77.1
16,001
74.5
552
3.3
4,922

22,385
11,937
53.3
11,045
49.3
892
7.5
10,449

22,982
12,606
54.9
12,172
53.0
435
3.4
10,376

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

217,944
132,623
60.9
124,607
57.2
8,016
6.0
85,321

218,988
135,115
61.7
129,933
59.3
5,182
3.8
83,873

105,593
68,890
65.2
64,347
60.9
4,543
6.6
36,702

106,880
70,855
66.3
67,901
63.5
2,954
4.2
36,025

112,351
63,733
56.7
60,260
53.6
3,473
5.4
48,619

112,108
64,260
57.3
62,032
55.3
2,228
3.5
47,847

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

2,109
1,429
623
57
148,384
139,161
20,958
118,203
650
117,553
9,143
80

2,262
1,457
771
34
154,681
145,611
21,375
124,235
572
123,663
9,002
69

2,256
1,490
737
29
155,849
146,612
21,687
124,924
575
124,349
9,165
73

2,227
1,521
645
–
148,550
139,504
20,617
118,663
–
117,988
9,248
–

2,212
1,434
744
–
152,933
143,816
20,750
123,416
–
122,796
9,256
–

2,308
1,477
785
–
153,409
144,474
21,097
123,172
–
122,484
9,282
–

2,326
1,501
771
–
154,598
145,993
21,274
124,240
–
123,512
9,089
–

2,383
1,525
801
–
155,094
146,263
20,971
124,886
–
124,144
9,175
–

2,378
1,571
758
–
155,871
146,955
21,296
125,204
–
124,505
9,260
–

5,913
4,660
1,061
19,523

4,349
2,946
1,089
21,301

4,266
2,921
1,116
21,356

5,823
4,643
1,013
19,128

4,266
2,903
1,059
20,440

3,929
2,594
1,082
20,315

3,717
2,430
969
20,198

4,135
2,707
1,060
20,667

4,170
2,880
1,055
20,870

5,859
4,622
1,060
19,151

4,278
2,900
1,084
20,894

4,211
2,879
1,114
20,997

5,803
4,609
1,010
18,748

4,244
2,869
1,056
20,075

3,898
2,578
1,079
19,951

3,620
2,400
960
19,839

4,105
2,672
1,053
20,275

4,149
2,842
1,049
20,498

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

150,493
4,890
1,742
3,149
145,603
13,009
132,593
96,911
34,125
32,356
30,431
35,682

156,942
5,094
2,082
3,012
151,849
13,609
138,240
100,923
35,052
34,443
31,427
37,317

158,106
5,350
2,080
3,270
152,756
13,611
139,145
101,788
35,358
34,672
31,758
37,357

150,940
5,192
1,945
3,264
145,748
13,167
132,549
96,938
34,136
32,413
30,390
35,611

155,324
5,331
2,087
3,243
149,993
13,824
136,065
99,396
35,347
33,174
30,875
36,669

155,975
5,287
2,075
3,214
150,688
13,870
136,605
99,740
35,352
33,454
30,934
36,865

157,174
5,550
2,188
3,378
151,624
13,756
137,840
100,647
34,985
34,147
31,515
37,193

157,722
5,474
2,295
3,205
152,248
13,834
138,412
101,109
35,125
34,535
31,448
37,304

158,458
5,660
2,310
3,392
152,798
13,774
139,055
101,769
35,367
34,695
31,707
37,287

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

79,188
2,316
774
1,542
76,872
6,594
70,278
51,374
18,188
17,393
15,793
18,904

83,460
2,542
1,014
1,528
80,918
6,891
74,027
53,898
18,667
18,566
16,665
20,129

83,902
2,701
995
1,707
81,201
6,847
74,354
54,113
18,719
18,608
16,786
20,240

79,777
2,515
893
1,634
77,262
6,711
70,552
51,582
18,246
17,481
15,856
18,970

82,432
2,696
1,017
1,686
79,736
7,100
72,535
52,894
18,797
17,845
16,252
19,641

82,508
2,616
970
1,655
79,892
7,070
72,702
52,992
18,793
17,899
16,300
19,710

83,518
2,751
1,022
1,744
80,767
7,032
73,752
53,693
18,555
18,420
16,718
20,059

84,247
2,774
1,131
1,659
81,473
7,059
74,457
54,227
18,788
18,696
16,743
20,230

84,465
2,911
1,137
1,804
81,554
6,975
74,613
54,331
18,782
18,696
16,852
20,282

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71,305
2,574
968
1,607
68,730
6,415
62,315
45,537
15,936
14,963
14,638
16,778

73,483
2,551
1,068
1,483
70,931
6,718
64,213
47,025
16,385
15,878
14,762
17,188

74,203
2,649
1,085
1,564
71,555
6,764
64,791
47,675
16,639
16,064
14,972
17,116

71,163
2,677
1,052
1,630
68,486
6,457
61,997
45,356
15,890
14,932
14,534
16,641

72,892
2,635
1,070
1,557
70,257
6,724
63,530
46,502
16,550
15,329
14,623
17,029

73,467
2,671
1,105
1,558
70,795
6,799
63,904
46,748
16,559
15,555
14,635
17,156

73,656
2,799
1,166
1,634
70,857
6,725
64,088
46,954
16,430
15,727
14,798
17,134

73,475
2,699
1,164
1,546
70,775
6,775
63,955
46,882
16,338
15,838
14,705
17,074

73,992
2,748
1,173
1,589
71,244
6,799
64,442
47,438
16,584
15,999
14,855
17,004

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43,681
35,255
9,402

45,572
36,146
9,958

45,412
36,391
10,182

43,690
34,954
–

44,209
35,328
–

44,437
35,557
–

45,342
35,885
–

45,648
35,870
–

45,325
36,043
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124,840
25,653

130,712
26,230

131,663
26,443

125,959
25,158

129,388
25,956

130,191
25,681

131,164
25,817

131,806
25,801

132,718
25,902

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,004
4.7

7,557
4.8

7,496
4.7

6,894
4.6

7,065
4.5

7,395
4.7

7,486
4.8

7,431
4.7

7,370
4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,024
9,766

6,291
9,772

6,322
9,902

–
9,893

–
10,000

–
10,067

–
9,860

–
9,976

–
10,018

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,691
756
259
495
8,935
1,491
7,313
5,592
2,430
1,729
1,433
1,683

6,270
626
259
362
5,644
1,124
4,657
3,495
1,517
1,178
800
1,158

5,952
629
219
416
5,323
1,113
4,139
3,149
1,450
984
715
978

6.0
12.7
11.7
13.2
5.8
10.2
5.2
5.5
6.6
5.1
4.5
4.5

4.2
10.9
10.4
11.6
3.9
7.4
3.6
3.7
4.3
3.8
3.1
3.2

3.9
10.9
10.8
11.5
3.6
7.1
3.3
3.5
4.3
3.3
2.8
3.0

4.0
10.9
11.3
10.6
3.7
7.3
3.4
3.5
4.3
3.5
2.6
3.1

3.8
10.3
10.2
10.1
3.6
7.5
3.3
3.3
4.1
3.3
2.5
3.0

3.6
10.0
8.6
10.9
3.4
7.5
2.9
3.0
3.9
2.8
2.2
2.6

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,231
444
126
315
4,786
814
3,876
2,971
1,300
917
754
905

3,320
347
113
234
2,973
601
2,484
1,805
767
639
399
679

3,195
323
109
215
2,872
651
2,180
1,633
779
535
320
546

6.2
15.0
12.4
16.2
5.8
10.8
5.2
5.4
6.7
5.0
4.5
4.6

4.2
10.4
11.1
10.5
3.9
8.0
3.6
3.8
4.4
3.9
2.9
3.0

3.9
11.5
10.7
12.6
3.6
7.7
3.3
3.5
4.5
3.3
2.5
2.7

4.1
11.5
13.5
10.2
3.8
8.6
3.4
3.5
4.4
3.5
2.4
3.2

3.8
11.1
9.0
12.4
3.5
7.8
3.2
3.2
3.9
3.3
2.3
3.2

3.6
10.0
8.7
10.7
3.4
8.5
2.8
2.9
4.0
2.8
1.9
2.6

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,461
312
132
180
4,149
677
3,437
2,622
1,129
812
680
810

2,950
279
147
128
2,671
523
2,173
1,690
750
539
400
509

2,757
306
110
201
2,451
461
1,959
1,516
671
450
395
458

5.9
10.4
11.2
9.9
5.7
9.5
5.3
5.5
6.6
5.2
4.5
4.6

4.2
11.4
9.7
12.7
3.9
6.7
3.6
3.7
4.1
3.8
3.2
3.5

3.9
10.4
10.8
10.2
3.6
6.5
3.3
3.5
4.1
3.2
3.1
3.2

3.9
10.2
9.3
11.0
3.6
5.9
3.4
3.5
4.2
3.5
2.8
3.1

3.9
9.4
11.2
7.6
3.6
7.2
3.3
3.5
4.4
3.3
2.7
2.9

3.6
10.0
8.5
11.2
3.3
6.4
3.0
3.1
3.9
2.7
2.6
2.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,450
1,389
822

870
860
557

778
784
514

3.2
3.8
8.0

2.3
2.8
4.8

1.9
2.5
5.6

2.0
2.4
5.0

1.9
2.3
5.3

1.7
2.1
4.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,149
1,524

5,245
1,084

4,784
1,138

6.1
5.7

4.2
4.1

3.9
4.2

3.9
4.4

3.8
4.0

3.5
4.2

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

6,448
2,202
4,246
3,462
784
754
2,295
407

3,473
1,164
2,309
1,641
668
964
1,971
374

2,999
891
2,108
1,425
683
774
2,026
370

6,262
2,063
4,199
3,443
756
768
2,248
503

3,369
875
2,493
1,905
589
837
2,154
452

3,095
812
2,283
1,703
580
724
2,038
513

3,220
959
2,261
1,630
632
952
1,959
433

3,044
888
2,156
1,583
573
963
1,947
417

2,831
787
2,044
1,392
652
787
1,985
463

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

65.1
22.2
42.9
7.6
23.2
4.1

51.2
17.2
34.0
14.2
29.1
5.5

48.6
14.4
34.2
12.5
32.8
6.0

64.0
21.1
42.9
7.9
23.0
5.1

49.4
12.8
36.6
12.3
31.6
6.6

48.6
12.8
35.8
11.4
32.0
8.1

49.1
14.6
34.5
14.5
29.8
6.6

47.8
13.9
33.8
15.1
30.6
6.6

46.7
13.0
33.7
13.0
32.7
7.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

4.0
0.5
1.4
0.3

2.1
0.6
1.2
0.2

1.8
0.5
1.2
0.2

3.9
0.5
1.4
0.3

2.1
0.5
1.3
0.3

1.9
0.4
1.3
0.3

2.0
0.6
1.2
0.3

1.9
0.6
1.2
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,876
2,142
5,886
1,610
4,276

1,980
2,158
2,644
879
1,765

2,003
1,850
2,315
830
1,486

2,204
1,950
5,572
1,371
4,201

1,985
1,703
3,063
870
2,193

1,977
1,571
2,788
780
2,008

2,417
1,607
2,507
816
1,691

2,131
1,800
2,437
735
1,702

2,289
1,684
1,999
571
1,428

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30.6
21.6

26.0
9.9

24.9
10.0

29.4
19.1

29.1
13.4

28.6
12.9

24.6
10.1

26.6
9.6

24.2
7.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18.9
21.6
59.4
16.3
43.2

29.2
31.8
39.0
13.0
26.0

32.5
30.0
37.5
13.4
24.1

22.7
20.0
57.3
14.1
43.2

29.4
25.2
45.4
12.9
32.5

31.2
24.8
44.0
12.3
31.7

37.0
24.6
38.4
12.5
25.9

33.5
28.3
38.3
11.5
26.7

38.3
28.2
33.5
9.6
23.9

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

150,493
64,503

158,106
67,823

9,905
2,063

6,168
1,053

6.2
3.1

3.8
1.5

27,555
36,948
23,194
30,520
14,503
16,017

28,828
38,995
25,376
30,920
14,489
16,431

978
1,085
2,533
1,982
970
1,011

431
622
1,422
1,313
656
657

3.4
2.9
9.8
6.1
6.3
5.9

1.5
1.6
5.3
4.1
4.3
3.8

13,402
1,025
7,647
4,730

14,163
945
8,318
4,900

1,109
106
802
201

794
86
623
84

7.6
9.4
9.5
4.1

5.3
8.4
7.0
1.7

18,875
7,668
11,207

19,824
8,111
11,713

1,787
583
1,204

1,196
401
795

8.7
7.1
9.7

5.7
4.7
6.4

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

9,905
8,344
100
835
780
427
353
1,330
630
173
346
1,167
937
1,625
421
111
592
451

6,168
5,035
14
598
485
343
142
881
433
58
211
756
628
771
200
107
324
331

6.2
6.6
15.0
8.6
5.2
4.6
6.4
6.7
8.3
6.6
3.4
6.7
3.8
13.0
6.7
7.3
2.7
4.4

3.8
3.9
2.6
6.0
3.1
3.5
2.5
4.6
5.1
2.3
2.0
4.0
2.5
5.9
3.2
7.0
1.5
3.2

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2021

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Mar.
2022

3.7

1.6

1.4

3.5

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.5

1.2

4.0

2.1

1.8

3.9

2.1

1.9

2.0

1.9

1.7

6.2

4.1

3.8

6.0

4.2

3.9

4.0

3.8

3.6

6.5

4.4

3.9

6.3

4.5

4.2

4.2

4.1

3.8

7.2

5.0

4.5

7.1

5.1

4.9

4.9

4.7

4.4

10.9

7.6

7.1

10.7

7.7

7.3

7.1

7.2

6.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Mar.
2021

Men
Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Women
Mar.
2022

Mar.
2021

Mar.
2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

100,606
6,576
1,783
488
1,295

99,170
5,502
1,281
330
951

41,538
3,169
914
282
633

40,947
2,571
649
176
473

59,067
3,407
869
207
662

58,223
2,931
632
154
479

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,004
4.7
4,030
1,627
357
950

7,496
4.7
4,231
1,818
425
968

3,405
4.3
2,128
492
193
572

3,686
4.4
2,248
639
288
485

3,599
5.0
1,902
1,135
164
378

3,810
5.1
1,983
1,179
137
483

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

143,308
121,165
19,934

147,505
125,482
20,265

149,144
126,788
20,449

149,938
127,509
20,614

144,431
122,572
20,227

149,744
127,591
20,723

150,494
128,330
20,825

150,925
128,756
20,885

Change
from:
Feb.2022 Mar.2022p
431
426
60

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

547
46.3
500.5
113.1
170.7
37.5
40.8

580
44.8
535.6
124.9
171.1
36.7
42.3

588
45.0
543.3
125.3
171.0
37.0
42.4

596
45.5
550.4
124.4
173.1
37.1
42.9

551
47.0
503.7
113.8
173.9
37.4
41.0

590
44.9
545.5
125.1
176.1
36.6
42.6

597
45.0
552.1
125.8
176.2
36.8
42.7

600
45.8
553.9
125.4
176.3
37.0
43.0

3
0.8
1.8
-0.4
0.1
0.2
0.3

92.4
216.7

92.1
239.6

91.6
247.0

93.1
252.9

95.5
216.0

96.9
244.3

96.6
250.1

96.3
252.2

-0.3
2.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,162
1,606.5
838.3
768.2
975.5
4,579.5
2,117.4
2,462.1

7,192
1,635.2
859.5
775.7
951.5
4,605.7
2,127.6
2,478.1

7,284
1,646.4
868.3
778.1
975.5
4,662.3
2,159.4
2,502.9

7,392
1,658.6
869.5
789.1
1,005.9
4,727.0
2,195.8
2,531.2

7,408
1,644.1
858.2
785.9
1,041.1
4,722.3
2,174.2
2,548.1

7,552
1,685.9
885.0
800.9
1,056.9
4,809.2
2,212.5
2,596.7

7,609
1,695.9
892.0
803.9
1,063.6
4,849.7
2,235.8
2,613.9

7,628
1,695.9
889.4
806.5
1,068.6
4,863.6
2,246.0
2,617.6

19
0.0
-2.6
2.6
5.0
13.9
10.2
3.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,225

12,493

12,577

12,626

12,268

12,581

12,619

12,657

38

7,609
405.0
394.9
346.5
1,370.3
1,041.4
1,052.0
155.4
86.3

7,784
420.3
397.3
356.6
1,407.4
1,068.3
1,063.7
159.6
84.6

7,819
424.2
399.6
360.6
1,418.4
1,078.0
1,068.7
159.8
84.6

7,849
426.9
401.7
359.8
1,425.9
1,077.1
1,068.4
158.2
84.6

7,626
404.4
402.1
346.2
1,372.8
1,045.7
1,052.8
155.8
85.6

7,826
421.0
411.3
357.3
1,415.6
1,072.1
1,067.1
159.7
84.7

7,841
423.0
413.3
360.1
1,424.7
1,078.7
1,069.4
159.8
84.3

7,863
425.0
408.8
359.4
1,428.4
1,080.4
1,069.3
158.9
84.0

22
2.0
-4.5
-0.7
3.7
1.7
-0.1
-0.9
-0.3

365.9
414.8

370.7
418.7

373.7
420.0

374.3
420.5

365.9
415.3

372.8
419.4

373.8
420.6

374.3
421.0

0.5
0.4

29.6
387.7
1,648.4
966.2
367.5

30.1
399.7
1,664.9
982.4
380.5

30.6
403.5
1,651.3
965.2
384.9

30.8
407.6
1,663.4
976.1
386.8

30.1
389.0
1,643.7
962.9
369.5

30.5
401.9
1,668.9
984.9
382.4

31.0
404.8
1,649.1
968.9
386.0

31.3
408.6
1,659.9
975.3
388.2

0.3
3.8
10.8
6.4
2.2

595.6

625.1

629.3

631.5

599.5

628.8

632.2

634.5

2.3

4,616
1,620.4
96.8
102.5
90.0
351.3
363.9
103.4
864.9
718.6

4,709
1,649.8
98.8
105.4
91.7
352.7
369.4
99.9
880.3
731.8

4,758
1,664.4
99.5
106.2
95.2
357.6
368.4
102.5
885.3
742.6

4,777
1,664.8
99.7
106.6
94.7
357.8
369.1
104.3
893.2
745.5

4,642
1,636.0
96.9
102.6
91.0
350.4
365.4
106.3
865.2
714.6

4,755
1,664.9
99.6
105.6
93.9
353.1
371.8
104.0
883.5
736.0

4,778
1,671.8
100.1
105.9
94.8
356.5
371.8
105.9
884.9
738.6

4,794
1,674.2
100.0
106.3
94.7
355.8
370.8
107.1
892.1
741.9

16
2.4
-0.1
0.4
-0.1
-0.7
-1.0
1.2
7.2
3.3

304.4

329.1

335.9

341.7

313.4

342.9

347.5

351.0

3.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

101,231

105,217

106,339

106,895

102,345

106,868

107,505

107,871

366

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,204

28,279

28,333

28,372

27,503

28,351

28,550

28,604

54

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,609.3
3,084.9
2,043.3

5,725.1
3,158.8
2,089.2

5,751.7
3,171.6
2,100.1

5,765.5
3,178.2
2,103.5

5,635.5
3,095.6
2,059.5

5,762.3
3,172.9
2,112.2

5,781.9
3,180.7
2,121.0

5,788.9
3,187.5
2,119.2

7.0
6.8
-1.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2022p

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Change
from:
Feb.2022 Mar.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

481.1

477.1

480.0

483.8

480.4

477.2

480.2

482.2

2.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,099.1
1,925.0
1,220.4
159.8
544.8
437.6
416.9

15,636.4
1,930.7
1,219.1
159.3
552.3
444.5
434.7

15,643.6
1,942.5
1,227.6
162.0
552.9
447.1
434.3

15,689.5
1,957.2
1,234.6
166.9
555.7
446.3
425.5

15,328.6
1,933.7
1,222.5
164.2
547.0
439.6
423.4

15,716.5
1,954.5
1,228.4
170.4
555.8
442.0
429.7

15,826.8
1,959.8
1,231.8
170.9
557.1
449.5
431.4

15,875.8
1,964.9
1,235.3
171.6
558.0
447.9
430.1

49.0
5.1
3.5
0.7
0.9
-1.6
-1.3

1,402.4
3,142.9
1,009.7
919.6
959.3

1,337.6
3,116.9
1,086.2
946.4
1,091.9

1,360.5
3,141.9
1,075.2
948.8
1,051.6

1,396.3
3,150.1
1,066.5
952.8
1,047.9

1,406.9
3,155.9
1,016.7
933.0
1,009.1

1,396.2
3,125.2
1,076.1
957.7
1,078.8

1,404.4
3,134.8
1,077.4
962.4
1,087.5

1,402.5
3,152.6
1,072.2
965.3
1,092.0

-1.9
17.8
-5.2
2.9
4.5

502.7
3,002.0
890.8

540.0
3,242.4
987.0

531.9
3,242.5
962.6

526.5
3,250.0
949.3

517.5
3,085.4
930.9

537.0
3,226.9
966.7

540.9
3,286.1
982.6

542.2
3,305.9
981.1

1.3
19.8
-1.5

2,111.2
769.6
611.4

2,255.4
817.5
647.6

2,279.9
823.7
643.6

2,300.7
827.3
643.1

2,154.6
785.1
622.3

2,260.2
839.6
652.8

2,303.4
838.8
653.8

2,324.8
844.0
656.2

21.4
5.2
2.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,953.7
445.9
146.6
55.8
1,478.9

6,378.9
519.0
143.3
54.8
1,530.7

6,400.6
525.5
145.2
56.2
1,545.1

6,380.1
527.2
145.2
56.7
1,537.8

5,995.8
447.1
146.4
57.8
1,494.9

6,333.1
522.7
143.8
57.0
1,545.7

6,402.8
527.7
145.3
57.9
1,555.7

6,402.3
528.9
145.0
58.3
1,550.8

-0.5
1.2
-0.3
0.4
-4.9

381.2
49.6
15.8
702.8
1,065.7
1,611.4

396.8
49.7
21.3
755.7
1,165.7
1,741.9

406.4
49.8
21.9
769.6
1,109.6
1,771.3

406.9
48.5
20.3
765.5
1,102.5
1,769.5

368.7
49.5
19.8
704.6
1,099.8
1,607.2

388.2
49.9
26.5
759.6
1,105.9
1,733.8

393.9
50.0
26.5
769.8
1,115.6
1,760.4

393.3
48.5
23.8
766.7
1,122.3
1,764.7

-0.6
-1.5
-2.7
-3.1
6.7
4.3

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

542.1

538.2

536.6

536.7

542.7

538.7

538.3

537.1

-1.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,759
783.9

2,876
804.6

2,899
805.3

2,918
810.1

2,768
785.3

2,918
806.8

2,913
808.2

2,929
811.3

16
3.1

321.1
236.9
674.4

390.8
229.9
654.1

402.1
238.7
653.5

412.0
237.0
653.6

332.4
236.1
671.6

422.4
232.0
653.4

417.1
235.7
652.0

425.5
235.7
651.4

8.4
0.0
-0.6

375.1
367.4

404.8
391.4

406.6
392.5

405.4
399.9

373.3
369.3

408.1
395.4

404.8
395.0

404.0
401.3

-0.8
6.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,686
6,506.7
20.7

8,804
6,534.6
20.6

8,848
6,557.2
20.7

8,863
6,555.4
20.7

8,733
6,515.9
20.9

8,865
6,548.5
20.7

8,895
6,560.5
20.8

8,911
6,562.5
20.8

16
2.0
0.0

2,709.0
1,750.6
1,371.3
627.7
330.7

2,710.8
1,730.8
1,342.3
640.5
339.5

2,717.5
1,733.5
1,343.4
643.2
340.8

2,713.5
1,733.9
1,342.5
639.3
340.3

2,713.4
1,751.5
1,371.4
630.6
331.3

2,711.8
1,732.0
1,344.0
641.0
338.8

2,717.1
1,733.8
1,343.2
643.0
340.3

2,716.0
1,734.0
1,342.5
641.7
340.3

-1.1
0.2
-0.7
-1.3
0.0

969.5
2,807.5
2,179.2
1,697.1
461.9

998.5
2,804.7
2,269.5
1,749.9
499.7

1,005.0
2,814.0
2,291.0
1,765.5
505.5

1,010.2
2,811.0
2,308.0
1,773.4
514.5

973.8
2,807.8
2,216.9
1,718.5
477.9

1,006.4
2,809.6
2,316.5
1,779.3
516.9

1,009.7
2,812.9
2,334.9
1,792.8
521.8

1,014.2
2,811.5
2,348.6
1,799.1
529.2

4.5
-1.4
13.7
6.3
7.4

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2022p

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Change
from:
Feb.2022 Mar.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

20.2

19.9

20.0

20.1

20.5

20.3

20.3

20.3

0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,767
9,710.6
1,139.8
1,116.6
1,496.4
134.5

21,528
10,173.8
1,168.5
1,101.7
1,577.5
144.3

21,806
10,273.1
1,170.1
1,148.4
1,583.0
145.3

21,923
10,306.2
1,172.4
1,167.4
1,587.1
146.2

21,021
9,697.6
1,144.1
1,023.6
1,517.6
136.5

21,909
10,207.5
1,174.8
1,065.2
1,598.8
146.5

22,014
10,236.9
1,175.2
1,060.1
1,603.2
146.8

22,116
10,296.8
1,176.9
1,078.3
1,609.1
148.2

102
59.9
1.7
18.2
5.9
1.4

2,239.8

2,377.0

2,383.6

2,374.4

2,260.0

2,379.3

2,382.9

2,395.2

12.3

1,578.2

1,699.3

1,711.9

1,721.4

1,597.3

1,713.4

1,723.5

1,738.6

15.1

801.2
436.3
767.8
2,327.7
8,729.1
8,282.3
528.1
157.1
3,451.6
2,817.7
818.7

846.2
457.7
801.6
2,347.4
9,006.6
8,551.6
563.2
153.4
3,692.6
3,004.8
807.8

852.9
470.5
807.4
2,356.9
9,176.2
8,718.8
569.9
152.4
3,818.8
3,119.4
807.1

858.3
473.7
805.3
2,362.0
9,254.3
8,791.1
573.0
151.9
3,824.4
3,123.2
802.3

805.7
438.6
774.3
2,337.2
8,986.6
8,534.0
531.9
157.0
3,553.9
2,892.6
821.5

851.9
464.8
812.9
2,355.7
9,346.1
8,884.2
567.8
153.2
3,809.5
3,105.0
801.9

858.6
470.4
816.3
2,366.9
9,410.3
8,944.5
573.5
152.8
3,862.6
3,148.0
803.0

863.3
474.3
812.9
2,370.4
9,448.7
8,979.9
577.1
152.3
3,869.2
3,152.9
803.9

4.7
3.9
-3.4
3.5
38.4
35.4
3.6
-0.5
6.6
4.9
0.9

130.2
911.9
1,998.8
285.9

142.4
901.1
1,992.5
298.6

144.9
910.2
2,013.8
301.7

147.2
910.7
2,072.9
308.7

132.7
913.1
2,133.9
290.1

146.8
912.6
2,185.9
306.4

149.7
913.6
2,182.0
307.4

149.5
912.0
2,204.1
311.8

-0.2
-1.6
22.1
4.4

446.8

455.0

457.4

463.2

452.6

461.9

465.8

468.8

3.0

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,643
3,659.1
19,983.7
15,964.4
7,777.1
2,708.0
976.3
982.3
990.3
302.7
1,505.7

23,752
3,612.2
20,139.9
16,052.1
7,983.4
2,773.5
1,019.5
1,048.7
1,003.7
309.0
1,515.8

24,154
3,866.0
20,287.6
16,148.9
8,059.3
2,795.8
1,021.3
1,063.3
1,008.9
316.1
1,537.1

24,263
3,929.5
20,333.8
16,160.4
8,065.8
2,795.0
1,020.5
1,062.8
1,011.2
314.1
1,545.1

23,541
3,513.4
20,027.8
16,001.3
7,795.9
2,712.9
980.1
988.8
988.8
301.7
1,511.8

23,972
3,730.8
20,241.1
16,117.7
8,023.1
2,786.9
1,022.0
1,054.5
1,006.8
309.0
1,528.3

24,089
3,750.8
20,337.9
16,184.1
8,076.9
2,800.8
1,026.2
1,067.0
1,009.4
313.9
1,544.1

24,142
3,770.9
20,371.2
16,192.4
8,084.1
2,799.5
1,024.7
1,069.2
1,010.6
313.0
1,550.5

53
20.1
33.3
8.3
7.2
-1.3
-1.5
2.2
1.2
-0.9
6.4

311.8
5,129.1
3,058.2
1,395.3
613.5

313.2
5,116.8
2,951.9
1,343.1
591.9

316.8
5,125.8
2,963.8
1,340.5
596.1

317.1
5,136.3
2,958.3
1,335.9
593.1

311.8
5,131.4
3,074.0
1,403.6
614.0

315.6
5,126.1
2,968.5
1,346.6
595.4

315.5
5,132.2
2,975.0
1,346.3
596.9

316.5
5,137.3
2,971.0
1,343.8
593.9

1.0
5.1
-4.0
-2.5
-3.0

895.1
154.3
4,019.3
2,686.9
193.6
267.5
871.3

862.7
154.2
4,087.8
2,705.2
195.9
270.2
916.5

871.1
156.1
4,138.7
2,735.5
199.2
272.9
931.1

873.4
155.9
4,173.4
2,757.5
199.9
275.3
940.7

901.0
155.4
4,026.5
2,691.6
193.0
270.8
871.2

871.0
155.5
4,123.4
2,727.3
196.3
276.7
923.1

875.2
156.6
4,153.8
2,746.9
198.7
277.0
931.1

876.7
156.7
4,178.8
2,764.5
198.8
278.4
937.1

1.5
0.1
25.0
17.6
0.1
1.4
6.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,876
1,646.7
302.1

14,458
1,952.4
389.9

14,717
2,012.2
419.4

14,953
2,075.8
434.8

13,423
1,836.1
331.4

15,243
2,212.1
451.5

15,397
2,244.6
460.5

15,509
2,270.5
467.5

112
25.9
7.0

122.1

137.4

139.1

145.5

132.9

150.5

152.8

155.3

2.5

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Change
from:
Feb.2022 Mar.2022p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,222.5
11,229.3
1,272.3
9,957.0

1,425.1
12,505.6
1,532.1
10,973.5

1,453.7
12,704.5
1,561.5
11,143.0

1,495.5
12,877.1
1,599.7
11,277.4

1,371.8
11,586.4
1,367.4
10,219.0

1,610.1
13,031.1
1,646.0
11,385.1

1,631.3
13,152.0
1,672.6
11,479.4

1,647.7
13,238.3
1,697.6
11,540.7

16.4
86.3
25.0
61.3

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,296
1,312.1
1,290.2
2,693.3

5,520
1,371.2
1,395.5
2,753.0

5,582
1,397.5
1,415.2
2,769.2

5,603
1,407.9
1,420.6
2,774.9

5,356
1,319.0
1,309.5
2,727.3

5,610
1,394.8
1,424.6
2,791.0

5,647
1,409.4
1,436.6
2,800.7

5,660
1,413.8
1,440.4
2,805.5

13
4.4
3.8
4.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,143
2,867
2,262.7
604.2
5,326
2,638.6
2,687.3
13,950
7,729.1
6,221.2

22,023
2,864
2,254.0
610.2
5,133
2,516.1
2,617.2
14,026
7,799.5
6,226.6

22,356
2,862
2,253.9
608.5
5,327
2,710.1
2,616.9
14,167
7,927.6
6,239.8

22,429
2,859
2,252.0
606.8
5,347
2,736.0
2,610.8
14,223
7,957.8
6,265.1

21,859
2,888
2,279.8
608.2
5,170
2,478.9
2,690.9
13,801
7,481.6
6,319.5

22,153
2,879
2,269.0
610.4
5,219
2,589.5
2,629.7
14,055
7,703.0
6,351.7

22,164
2,881
2,269.6
611.3
5,207
2,582.4
2,625.0
14,076
7,716.9
6,358.9

22,169
2,880
2,269.2
610.6
5,193
2,576.5
2,616.9
14,096
7,733.3
6,362.3

5
-1
-0.4
-0.7
-14
-5.9
-8.1
20
16.4
3.4

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.9
40.2
45.6
39.4
40.5
40.7
40.1
33.9
34.5
39.1
30.7
39.2
42.7
37.1
37.7
36.7
33.5
26.2
32.6

34.6
39.9
44.5
38.8
40.3
40.6
39.9
33.5
34.1
39.1
30.4
38.0
42.8
36.9
37.4
36.7
33.4
25.8
32.2

34.7
40.4
45.4
39.6
40.7
41.0
40.1
33.7
34.2
39.3
30.5
38.0
42.2
36.9
37.7
36.8
33.5
25.9
32.4

34.6
40.1
45.7
38.8
40.7
41.0
40.1
33.6
34.0
39.4
30.2
37.9
42.5
36.9
37.6
36.7
33.5
26.0
32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.3
3.2
3.4

3.3
3.3
3.4

3.5
3.5
3.5

3.4
3.4
3.4

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$30.06
30.45
34.30
32.24
29.20
30.70
26.69
29.97
25.83
33.20
21.50
25.76
44.24
44.06
39.77
35.80
29.46
17.60
27.22

$31.56
31.91
35.90
33.87
30.57
32.13
27.95
31.48
27.14
34.46
22.59
27.47
46.28
44.77
40.88
37.92
31.22
19.43
28.37

$31.60
31.88
35.75
33.94
30.46
31.94
27.99
31.54
27.26
34.61
22.72
27.66
46.07
45.18
40.87
37.97
31.25
19.45
28.31

$31.73
31.97
35.75
34.07
30.55
32.11
27.96
31.67
27.44
34.71
22.89
27.79
46.71
45.17
41.19
38.18
31.24
19.68
28.18

$1,049.09
1,224.09
1,564.08
1,270.26
1,182.60
1,249.49
1,070.27
1,015.98
891.14
1,298.12
660.05
1,009.79
1,889.05
1,634.63
1,499.33
1,313.86
986.91
461.12
887.37

$1,091.98
1,273.21
1,597.55
1,314.16
1,231.97
1,304.48
1,115.21
1,054.58
925.47
1,347.39
686.74
1,043.86
1,980.78
1,652.01
1,528.91
1,391.66
1,042.75
501.29
913.51

$1,096.52
1,287.95
1,623.05
1,344.02
1,239.72
1,309.54
1,122.40
1,062.90
932.29
1,360.17
692.96
1,051.08
1,944.15
1,667.14
1,540.80
1,397.30
1,046.88
503.76
917.24

$1,097.86
1,282.00
1,633.78
1,321.92
1,243.39
1,316.51
1,121.20
1,064.11
932.96
1,367.57
691.28
1,053.24
1,985.18
1,666.77
1,548.74
1,401.21
1,046.54
511.68
910.21

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2022 Mar.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107.4
92.6
79.0
100.6
89.4
87.4
92.9
111.7
103.5
97.2
95.6
135.0
100.3
93.8
107.9
121.0
128.8
100.3
100.7

110.8
94.2
82.5
101.0
91.2
89.5
94.7
115.3
105.5
99.4
97.0
138.3
99.8
98.3
108.6
126.1
130.7
112.2
104.2

111.8
95.9
85.2
103.9
92.4
90.5
95.6
116.6
106.5
100.2
98.0
139.8
98.3
98.2
109.9
127.0
131.8
113.8
105.5

111.8
95.4
86.2
102.0
92.7
90.8
96.0
116.7
106.1
100.6
97.4
139.4
98.8
98.7
109.8
127.3
132.1
115.1
105.4

0.0
-0.5
1.2
-1.8
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.1
-0.4
0.4
-0.6
-0.3
0.5
0.5
-0.1
0.2
0.2
1.1
-0.1

1

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2022 Mar.
2022p

154.3
127.5
108.7
140.9
121.4
119.1
125.8
162.7
144.2
135.0
135.8
177.0
146.5
147.1
167.3
175.3
182.5
142.5
150.2

167.2
135.9
118.9
148.6
129.7
127.6
134.3
176.4
154.4
143.2
144.8
193.2
152.5
156.8
173.2
193.6
196.4
175.9
161.9

168.9
138.1
122.2
153.2
130.9
128.4
135.8
178.8
156.6
145.1
147.2
196.7
149.6
157.9
175.2
195.3
198.1
178.5
163.7

169.7
137.9
123.7
151.0
131.7
129.4
136.1
179.6
157.0
146.1
147.3
197.1
152.4
158.8
176.4
196.7
198.5
182.7
162.8

0.5
-0.1
1.2
-1.4
0.6
0.8
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.7
0.1
0.2
1.9
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.2
2.4
-0.5

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

71,794
59,192
4,587
75
996
3,516
1,860
1,656
54,605
10,798
1,692.4
7,435.9
1,535.4
134.7
1,103
4,930
9,685
18,122
7,126
2,841
12,602

74,460
61,622
4,732
77
1,049
3,606
1,913
1,693
56,890
11,214
1,736.3
7,661.4
1,680.8
135.1
1,153
4,953
10,130
18,409
8,046
2,985
12,838

74,839
61,988
4,765
78
1,059
3,628
1,921
1,707
57,223
11,311
1,744.3
7,722.3
1,709.6
134.8
1,149
4,962
10,184
18,489
8,123
3,005
12,851

75,110
62,247
4,793
77
1,060
3,656
1,945
1,711
57,454
11,346
1,748.8
7,739.5
1,723.5
134.6
1,165
4,972
10,226
18,541
8,190
3,014
12,863

49.7
48.3
22.7
13.6
13.4
28.7
24.4
35.7
53.4
39.3
30.0
48.5
25.6
24.8
39.8
56.5
46.1
77.0
53.1
53.0
57.7

49.7
48.3
22.8
13.1
13.9
28.7
24.4
35.6
53.2
39.6
30.1
48.7
26.5
25.1
39.5
55.9
46.2
76.8
52.8
53.2
58.0

49.7
48.3
22.9
13.1
13.9
28.8
24.5
35.7
53.2
39.6
30.2
48.8
26.7
25.0
39.4
55.8
46.3
76.8
52.8
53.2
58.0

49.8
48.3
22.9
12.8
13.9
28.9
24.7
35.7
53.3
39.7
30.2
48.8
26.9
25.1
39.8
55.8
46.2
76.8
52.8
53.3
58.0

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

99,573
14,418
403
5,497
8,518
5,196
3,322
85,155
23,177
4,481.7
13,021.7
5,243.2
430.6
2,191
6,610
16,752
20,561
11,563
4,301

103,972
14,834
443
5,595
8,796
5,403
3,393
89,138
23,926
4,589.6
13,359.7
5,548.2
428.7
2,315
6,665
17,546
20,897
13,250
4,539

104,531
14,899
448
5,618
8,833
5,416
3,417
89,632
24,095
4,604.6
13,455.0
5,606.8
428.5
2,311
6,692
17,600
20,962
13,403
4,569

104,919
14,975
454
5,636
8,885
5,454
3,431
89,944
24,131
4,615.8
13,485.5
5,601.5
428.5
2,326
6,706
17,671
21,006
13,512
4,592

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
41.2
46.7
39.9
41.7
41.9
41.4
33.2
34.5
38.9
31.0
38.9
42.7
36.3
37.4
36.3
32.7
24.8
31.6

34.0
40.7
46.1
39.6
41.2
41.3
41.0
32.9
33.9
39.2
30.3
37.6
42.6
36.7
37.3
36.4
32.5
24.6
31.2

34.2
41.4
47.1
40.6
41.6
41.8
41.3
33.0
34.2
39.3
30.8
37.7
41.9
36.6
37.5
36.4
32.6
24.7
31.3

34.1
41.0
47.8
39.3
41.7
42.0
41.2
33.0
34.0
39.4
30.4
37.7
42.0
36.6
37.5
36.4
32.6
24.8
31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.1
4.2
4.0

4.2
4.2
4.1

4.4
4.5
4.2

4.2
4.3
4.0

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$25.35
26.00
30.47
29.84
23.40
24.41
21.80
25.21
21.84
27.34
18.13
22.84
39.86
36.88
30.07
29.91
26.41
15.28
23.37

$26.87
27.31
32.02
31.44
24.51
25.61
22.76
26.78
23.35
28.53
19.28
25.22
41.34
37.13
31.23
31.85
28.30
17.17
24.35

$26.95
27.42
32.13
31.60
24.56
25.63
22.85
26.86
23.45
28.76
19.41
25.38
40.67
37.16
31.42
31.95
28.36
17.31
24.47

$27.06
27.50
32.36
31.68
24.71
25.88
22.83
26.97
23.53
28.86
19.45
25.38
40.85
37.11
31.86
32.08
28.41
17.56
24.28

$872.04
1,071.20
1,422.95
1,190.62
975.78
1,022.78
902.52
836.97
753.48
1,063.53
562.03
888.48
1,702.02
1,338.74
1,124.62
1,085.73
863.61
378.94
738.49

$913.58
1,111.52
1,476.12
1,245.02
1,009.81
1,057.69
933.16
881.06
791.57
1,118.38
584.18
948.27
1,761.08
1,362.67
1,164.88
1,159.34
919.75
422.38
759.72

$921.69
1,135.19
1,513.32
1,282.96
1,021.70
1,071.33
943.71
886.38
801.99
1,130.27
597.83
956.83
1,704.07
1,360.06
1,178.25
1,162.98
924.54
427.56
765.91

$922.75
1,127.50
1,546.81
1,245.02
1,030.41
1,086.96
940.60
890.01
800.02
1,137.08
591.28
956.83
1,715.70
1,358.23
1,194.75
1,167.71
926.17
435.49
759.96

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2022 Mar.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114.1
90.8
100.0
109.8
81.5
81.8
81.0
120.5
111.8
103.5
102.2
154.4
94.0
90.8
116.4
136.0
143.4
105.0
95.3

117.8
92.3
108.5
110.9
83.2
83.8
82.0
125.0
113.4
106.8
102.4
157.9
93.4
97.0
117.0
142.8
144.8
119.4
99.3

119.1
94.3
112.1
114.2
84.4
85.0
83.1
126.0
115.2
107.4
104.9
160.0
91.8
96.5
118.1
143.2
145.7
121.3
100.3

119.2
93.8
115.3
110.9
85.1
86.1
83.3
126.5
114.7
107.9
103.7
159.8
92.0
97.2
118.4
143.8
146.0
122.7
100.8

0.1
-0.5
2.9
-2.9
0.8
1.3
0.2
0.4
-0.4
0.5
-1.1
-0.1
0.2
0.7
0.3
0.4
0.2
1.2
0.5

1

Mar.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022p

Mar.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2022 Mar.
2022p

193.4
144.5
177.2
176.9
124.8
124.6
124.8
208.3
174.5
167.0
158.7
224.4
156.4
165.7
215.2
241.8
249.9
182.3
162.3

211.6
154.3
202.1
188.3
133.3
134.0
131.8
229.5
189.3
179.8
169.2
253.4
161.2
178.2
224.8
270.5
270.5
232.8
176.2

214.6
158.3
209.5
194.9
135.5
136.1
134.3
232.2
193.1
182.3
174.4
258.4
155.9
177.6
228.3
272.2
272.7
238.4
178.8

215.6
158.0
217.0
189.7
137.4
139.0
134.4
233.9
192.9
183.9
172.9
258.2
156.9
178.5
232.0
274.4
273.8
244.8
178.3

0.5
-0.2
3.6
-2.7
1.4
2.1
0.1
0.7
-0.1
0.9
-0.9
-0.1
0.6
0.5
1.6
0.8
0.4
2.7
-0.3

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.