Full text of The Employment Situation : March 2018

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 6, 2018.

USDL-18-0508

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MARCH 2018
Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 103,000 in March, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in
manufacturing, health care, and mining.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
March 2016 – March 2018

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, March 2016 – March 2018

Percent

Thousands

6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
Mar-16

Jun-16

Sep-16

Dec -16

Mar-17

Jun-17

Sep-17

Dec -17

Mar-18

Household Survey Data
In March, the unemployment rate was 4.1 percent for the sixth consecutive month, and the number of
unemployed persons, at 6.6 million, changed little. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women
(3.7 percent), teenagers (13.5 percent), Whites (3.6 percent), Blacks (6.9 percent), Asians (3.1 percent),
and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed little or no change in March. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
At 1.3 million, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little
changed in March and accounted for 20.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number of longterm unemployed was down by 338,000. (See table A-12.)

The labor force participation rate, at 62.9 percent, changed little in March, and the employmentpopulation ratio held at 60.4 percent. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was little changed at 5.0 million in March. These individuals, who would
have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or
because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In March, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year
earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 450,000 discouraged workers in March, essentially
unchanged from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons
not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.0
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in March had not searched for work for reasons
such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 103,000 in March, following a large gain in February
(+326,000). In March, employment grew in manufacturing, health care, and mining. (See table B-1.)
In March, employment in manufacturing rose by 22,000, with all of the gain in the durable goods
component. Employment in fabricated metal products increased over the month (+9,000). Over the year,
manufacturing has added 232,000 jobs; the durable goods component accounted for about three-fourths
of the jobs added.
In March, health care added 22,000 jobs, about in line with its average monthly gain over the prior 12
months. Employment continued to trend up over the month in ambulatory health care services (+16,000)
and hospitals (+10,000).
Employment in mining increased by 9,000 in March, with gains occurring in support activities for
mining (+6,000) and in oil and gas extraction (+2,000). Mining employment has risen by 78,000 since a
recent low in October 2016.
Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in March (+33,000) and has
risen by 502,000 over the year.
Retail trade employment changed little in March (-4,000), after increasing by 47,000 in February. In
March, employment declined by 13,000 in general merchandise stores, offsetting a gain of the same size
in February. Over the year, employment in retail trade has shown little net change.
In March, employment in construction also changed little (-15,000), following a large gain in February
(+65,000).
-2-

Employment changed little over the month in other major industries, including wholesale trade,
transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality, and
government.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in
March. In manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.9 hours; overtime edged down
by 0.1 hour to 3.6 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 8 cents to
$26.82. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 71 cents, or 2.7 percent. Average
hourly earnings for private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 4 cents to
$22.42 in March. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised down from +239,000 to
+176,000, and the change for February was revised up from +313,000 to +326,000. With these
revisions, employment gains in January and February combined were 50,000 less than previously
reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government
agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After
revisions, job gains have averaged 202,000 over the last 3 months.
_____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 4, 2018, at 8:30
a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Change from:
Feb. 2018Mar. 2018

Mar.
2018

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

254,414
160,235
63.0
153,064
60.2
7,171
4.5
94,179

256,780
161,115
62.7
154,430
60.1
6,684
4.1
95,665

256,934
161,921
63.0
155,215
60.4
6,706
4.1
95,012

257,097
161,763
62.9
155,178
60.4
6,585
4.1
95,335

163
-158
-0.1
-37
0.0
-121
0.0
323

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

4.5
4.2
4.0
13.6
3.9
8.0
3.3
5.1

4.1
3.9
3.6
13.9
3.5
7.7
3.0
5.0

4.1
3.7
3.8
14.4
3.7
6.9
2.9
4.9

4.1
3.7
3.7
13.5
3.6
6.9
3.1
5.1

0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.9
-0.1
0.0
0.2
0.2

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.8
6.6
4.9
3.7
2.5

3.4
5.4
4.5
3.4
2.1

3.4
5.7
4.4
3.5
2.3

3.4
5.5
4.3
3.6
2.2

0.0
-0.2
-0.1
0.1
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,516
793
2,064
769

3,273
716
1,958
645

3,279
780
1,948
704

3,146
864
1,967
625

-133
84
19
-79

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,296
2,088
1,064
1,660

2,280
1,943
981
1,421

2,508
1,906
934
1,397

2,287
2,009
880
1,322

-221
103
-54
-75

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

5,500
3,377
1,833
20,706

4,989
3,009
1,663
20,867

5,160
3,302
1,541
21,061

5,019
3,005
1,625
21,399

-141
-297
84
338

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,595
460

1,653
451

1,602
373

1,454
450

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

73
68
18
5
3
10
4
2.6
6
50
-3.6
-31.8
13.8
0.0
-1
6
36
6.2
23
24.3
7
0
5

176
188
55
7
28
20
17
0.3
3
133
6.9
11.9
15.3
-0.9
-16
3
38
-1.7
50
30.1
21
3
-12

326
320
106
9
65
32
28
4.9
4
214
7.1
47.3
18.0
1.8
-2
30
55
21.0
28
40.7
23
6
6

103
102
15
8
-15
22
22
3.3
0
87
11.4
-4.4
9.8
4.0
2
2
33
-0.6
25
33.8
5
-1
1

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

177
175

189
193

226
227

202
203

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.6
48.1
82.4

49.6
48.2
82.4

49.6
48.2
82.4

34.3
$26.11
$895.57
106.5
-0.2
132.9
-0.1

34.4
$26.71
$918.82
108.3
-0.2
138.3
0.1

34.5
$26.74
$922.53
108.9
0.6
139.3
0.7

34.5
$26.82
$925.29
109.0
0.1
139.8
0.4

59.5
59.2

57.2
55.9

71.1
73.7

62.6
63.8

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 651,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and
nonsupervisory employees.
Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000
(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

254,414
159,912
62.9
152,628
60.0
7,284
4.6
94,502
5,507

256,934
161,494
62.9
154,403
60.1
7,091
4.4
95,439
5,152

257,097
161,548
62.8
154,877
60.2
6,671
4.1
95,549
4,793

254,414
160,235
63.0
153,064
60.2
7,171
4.5
94,179
5,772

255,949
160,533
62.7
153,917
60.1
6,616
4.1
95,416
5,265

256,109
160,597
62.7
154,021
60.1
6,576
4.1
95,512
5,308

256,780
161,115
62.7
154,430
60.1
6,684
4.1
95,665
5,171

256,934
161,921
63.0
155,215
60.4
6,706
4.1
95,012
5,131

257,097
161,763
62.9
155,178
60.4
6,585
4.1
95,335
5,096

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,945
84,718
68.9
80,546
65.5
4,172
4.9
38,227

124,250
85,806
69.1
81,829
65.9
3,977
4.6
38,444

124,331
85,924
69.1
82,151
66.1
3,773
4.4
38,407

122,945
85,027
69.2
81,121
66.0
3,906
4.6
37,919

123,707
85,221
68.9
81,666
66.0
3,555
4.2
38,486

123,786
85,354
69.0
81,821
66.1
3,533
4.1
38,432

124,173
85,931
69.2
82,274
66.3
3,658
4.3
38,242

124,250
86,267
69.4
82,685
66.5
3,582
4.2
37,983

124,331
86,169
69.3
82,630
66.5
3,539
4.1
38,162

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114,455
81,924
71.6
78,172
68.3
3,752
4.6
32,531

115,748
83,053
71.8
79,552
68.7
3,501
4.2
32,695

115,832
83,162
71.8
79,810
68.9
3,352
4.0
32,670

114,455
82,007
71.7
78,548
68.6
3,459
4.2
32,448

115,212
82,375
71.5
79,324
68.9
3,050
3.7
32,837

115,292
82,548
71.6
79,431
68.9
3,117
3.8
32,745

115,669
82,928
71.7
79,705
68.9
3,223
3.9
32,741

115,748
83,309
72.0
80,213
69.3
3,096
3.7
32,440

115,832
83,200
71.8
80,113
69.2
3,087
3.7
32,632

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

131,469
75,194
57.2
72,082
54.8
3,112
4.1
56,275

132,684
75,688
57.0
72,574
54.7
3,114
4.1
56,996

132,766
75,624
57.0
72,726
54.8
2,898
3.8
57,142

131,469
75,209
57.2
71,943
54.7
3,266
4.3
56,260

132,242
75,312
57.0
72,251
54.6
3,061
4.1
56,930

132,323
75,243
56.9
72,200
54.6
3,043
4.0
57,080

132,607
75,183
56.7
72,157
54.4
3,027
4.0
57,423

132,684
75,654
57.0
72,530
54.7
3,124
4.1
57,030

132,766
75,594
56.9
72,548
54.6
3,046
4.0
57,172

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,212
72,354
58.7
69,559
56.5
2,795
3.9
50,858

124,407
72,791
58.5
70,029
56.3
2,762
3.8
51,616

124,491
72,780
58.5
70,178
56.4
2,602
3.6
51,711

123,212
72,233
58.6
69,337
56.3
2,896
4.0
50,979

123,975
72,302
58.3
69,665
56.2
2,637
3.6
51,673

124,057
72,293
58.3
69,614
56.1
2,679
3.7
51,764

124,328
72,210
58.1
69,583
56.0
2,627
3.6
52,118

124,407
72,565
58.3
69,828
56.1
2,737
3.8
51,842

124,491
72,610
58.3
69,916
56.2
2,695
3.7
51,880

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,747
5,634
33.6
4,897
29.2
737
13.1
11,113

16,778
5,650
33.7
4,822
28.7
828
14.7
11,128

16,774
5,606
33.4
4,889
29.1
717
12.8
11,169

16,747
5,995
35.8
5,179
30.9
816
13.6
10,752

16,762
5,857
34.9
4,928
29.4
929
15.9
10,906

16,760
5,757
34.4
4,977
29.7
780
13.6
11,003

16,783
5,977
35.6
5,143
30.6
834
13.9
10,806

16,778
6,048
36.0
5,174
30.8
874
14.4
10,731

16,774
5,952
35.5
5,149
30.7
803
13.5
10,822

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

198,604
124,804
62.8
119,831
60.3
4,974
4.0
73,799

199,799
125,658
62.9
120,646
60.4
5,012
4.0
74,141

199,871
125,508
62.8
120,946
60.5
4,562
3.6
74,363

198,604
125,050
63.0
120,187
60.5
4,863
3.9
73,553

199,386
125,110
62.7
120,514
60.4
4,596
3.7
74,276

199,458
125,200
62.8
120,551
60.4
4,649
3.7
74,258

199,738
125,334
62.7
120,886
60.5
4,447
3.5
74,405

199,799
125,930
63.0
121,274
60.7
4,656
3.7
73,869

199,871
125,714
62.9
121,236
60.7
4,478
3.6
74,157

65,125
71.7
62,548
68.9
2,576
4.0

65,802
72.0
63,185
69.1
2,617
4.0

65,889
72.0
63,507
69.4
2,382
3.6

65,203
71.8
62,838
69.2
2,365
3.6

65,394
71.7
63,282
69.4
2,112
3.2

65,511
71.8
63,307
69.4
2,204
3.4

65,732
71.9
63,510
69.5
2,222
3.4

65,948
72.1
63,683
69.6
2,265
3.4

65,928
72.1
63,734
69.7
2,194
3.3

55,297
57.9
53,413
55.9
1,883
3.4

55,465
57.8
53,640
55.9
1,825
3.3

55,271
57.5
53,543
55.7
1,727
3.1

55,178
57.8
53,233
55.7
1,945
3.5

55,147
57.5
53,342
55.6
1,805
3.3

55,161
57.5
53,275
55.5
1,886
3.4

54,896
57.2
53,255
55.5
1,641
3.0

55,243
57.5
53,448
55.7
1,795
3.3

55,176
57.4
53,385
55.6
1,791
3.2

4,383
35.5
3,869
31.3
514
11.7

4,392
35.6
3,822
31.0
570
13.0

4,348
35.3
3,895
31.6
453
10.4

4,669
37.8
4,116
33.3
553
11.8

4,569
37.0
3,891
31.5
678
14.8

4,528
36.7
3,970
32.2
559
12.3

4,705
38.1
4,121
33.4
584
12.4

4,738
38.4
4,143
33.6
595
12.6

4,610
37.4
4,117
33.4
492
10.7

32,128
19,898
61.9
18,296
56.9
1,602
8.1
12,229

32,607
20,360
62.4
18,928
58.1
1,432
7.0
12,246

32,638
20,347
62.3
18,955
58.1
1,392
6.8
12,291

32,128
19,997
62.2
18,405
57.3
1,592
8.0
12,131

32,404
20,175
62.3
18,718
57.8
1,457
7.2
12,230

32,436
20,153
62.1
18,790
57.9
1,362
6.8
12,283

32,575
20,211
62.0
18,663
57.3
1,548
7.7
12,364

32,607
20,495
62.9
19,087
58.5
1,408
6.9
12,112

32,638
20,466
62.7
19,051
58.4
1,415
6.9
12,172

9,116
68.0
8,313
62.0
803
8.8

9,339
68.5
8,744
64.1
595
6.4

9,258
67.8
8,670
63.5
588
6.4

9,147
68.2
8,391
62.6
756
8.3

9,225
68.1
8,552
63.1
673
7.3

9,178
67.7
8,576
63.2
601
6.6

9,254
67.9
8,564
62.9
690
7.5

9,438
69.2
8,880
65.1
558
5.9

9,314
68.2
8,749
64.1
564
6.1

10,143
62.6
9,483
58.5
661
6.5

10,261
62.4
9,615
58.4
646
6.3

10,335
62.7
9,720
59.0
616
6.0

10,150
62.6
9,486
58.5
664
6.5

10,219
62.5
9,622
58.8
597
5.8

10,252
62.6
9,657
59.0
595
5.8

10,197
62.0
9,524
57.9
673
6.6

10,254
62.3
9,622
58.5
632
6.2

10,337
62.7
9,713
59.0
624
6.0

639
25.4
500
19.9
139
21.7

760
30.3
569
22.7
191
25.2

754
30.1
566
22.6
189
25.0

700
27.9
528
21.0
172
24.6

731
29.1
544
21.7
187
25.5

723
28.8
557
22.2
166
22.9

759
30.3
575
22.9
185
24.3

803
32.0
584
23.3
219
27.2

816
32.6
588
23.5
227
27.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mar.
2017
15,285
9,668
63.3
9,358
61.2
310
3.2
5,616

Feb.
2018
15,792
9,934
62.9
9,635
61.0
299
3.0
5,858

Mar.
2018
15,983
10,138
63.4
9,833
61.5
305
3.0
5,845

Mar.
2017
15,285
9,640
63.1
9,320
61.0
320
3.3
5,645

Nov.
2017
15,370
9,699
63.1
9,407
61.2
292
3.0
5,671

Dec.
2017
15,610
9,782
62.7
9,536
61.1
246
2.5
5,829

Jan.
2018
15,731
9,885
62.8
9,584
60.9
300
3.0
5,846

Feb.
2018
15,792
9,908
62.7
9,617
60.9
291
2.9
5,884

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Mar.
2018
15,983
10,092
63.1
9,780
61.2
313
3.1
5,891

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

41,081
27,354
66.6
25,929
63.1
1,425
5.2
13,727

42,335
27,957
66.0
26,469
62.5
1,488
5.3
14,378

42,419
27,926
65.8
26,463
62.4
1,463
5.2
14,493

41,081
27,363
66.6
25,969
63.2
1,394
5.1
13,718

41,751
27,389
65.6
26,088
62.5
1,301
4.8
14,361

41,831
27,498
65.7
26,141
62.5
1,356
4.9
14,334

42,249
27,826
65.9
26,432
62.6
1,393
5.0
14,423

42,335
28,021
66.2
26,646
62.9
1,375
4.9
14,315

42,419
27,922
65.8
26,500
62.5
1,421
5.1
14,497

14,929
80.7
14,217
76.9
712
4.8

15,280
80.0
14,567
76.3
713
4.7

15,369
80.3
14,624
76.4
744
4.8

14,953
80.8
14,293
77.3
660
4.4

14,969
79.6
14,400
76.6
569
3.8

15,084
80.1
14,507
77.0
577
3.8

15,320
80.4
14,659
76.9
661
4.3

15,319
80.2
14,723
77.1
595
3.9

15,370
80.3
14,688
76.7
682
4.4

11,165
59.5
10,631
56.7
534
4.8

11,449
59.3
10,840
56.1
609
5.3

11,270
58.2
10,711
55.3
559
5.0

11,113
59.2
10,586
56.4
527
4.7

11,222
58.8
10,676
56.0
546
4.9

11,189
58.5
10,598
55.4
591
5.3

11,257
58.4
10,737
55.7
520
4.6

11,410
59.1
10,815
56.0
595
5.2

11,230
58.0
10,677
55.2
553
4.9

1,260
33.0
1,081
28.3
179
14.2

1,228
31.4
1,061
27.1
167
13.6

1,287
32.9
1,128
28.8
159
12.4

1,297
33.9
1,090
28.5
207
16.0

1,198
30.9
1,012
26.2
185
15.5

1,225
31.6
1,037
26.8
188
15.4

1,249
32.0
1,036
26.5
213
17.0

1,292
33.0
1,108
28.3
184
14.2

1,321
33.7
1,135
29.0
186
14.1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,143
45.1
9,375
41.7
768
7.6

9,887
45.1
9,190
41.9
697
7.0

10,180
45.5
9,519
42.5
661
6.5

10,185
45.3
9,516
42.4
669
6.6

10,167
45.1
9,639
42.7
528
5.2

10,148
44.8
9,507
42.0
641
6.3

10,274
44.8
9,715
42.3
559
5.4

10,258
46.8
9,673
44.1
584
5.7

10,234
45.7
9,666
43.2
568
5.5

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,227
58.0
34,324
54.9
1,903
5.3

35,992
57.4
34,221
54.6
1,771
4.9

35,969
57.3
34,290
54.6
1,679
4.7

36,124
57.8
34,355
55.0
1,769
4.9

36,014
57.5
34,463
55.1
1,551
4.3

35,927
57.8
34,425
55.4
1,503
4.2

35,735
57.5
34,134
54.9
1,601
4.5

36,092
57.5
34,487
55.0
1,604
4.4

35,863
57.1
34,305
54.6
1,559
4.3

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,881
66.2
36,442
63.6
1,439
3.8

37,648
65.7
36,212
63.2
1,436
3.8

37,550
65.5
36,175
63.1
1,375
3.7

37,908
66.2
36,498
63.7
1,410
3.7

37,955
66.2
36,579
63.8
1,376
3.6

37,906
66.2
36,534
63.8
1,372
3.6

37,863
66.0
36,566
63.7
1,297
3.4

37,573
65.5
36,248
63.2
1,325
3.5

37,589
65.6
36,241
63.2
1,348
3.6

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

54,905
74.2
53,573
72.4
1,332
2.4

57,260
74.4
55,978
72.8
1,281
2.2

57,097
74.6
55,846
73.0
1,251
2.2

54,675
73.9
53,334
72.1
1,340
2.5

55,501
73.6
54,348
72.1
1,153
2.1

55,852
73.5
54,653
71.9
1,200
2.1

55,922
73.4
54,720
71.8
1,202
2.1

56,669
73.7
55,386
72.0
1,283
2.3

56,785
74.2
55,534
72.6
1,252
2.2

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Mar.
2017

Men
Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Women
Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,635
10,270
49.8
9,865
47.8
405
3.9
10,365

19,313
9,617
49.8
9,225
47.8
392
4.1
9,696

18,609
9,067
48.7
8,728
46.9
339
3.7
9,542

17,453
8,483
48.6
8,112
46.5
372
4.4
8,970

2,026
1,203
59.4
1,137
56.1
66
5.5
823

1,860
1,134
60.9
1,113
59.9
20
1.8
726

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,008
3,183
79.4
3,022
75.4
160
5.0
825

4,089
3,362
82.2
3,195
78.2
166
5.0
727

3,357
2,746
81.8
2,620
78.1
126
4.6
611

3,385
2,865
84.6
2,706
80.0
158
5.5
520

651
437
67.1
402
61.8
35
7.9
214

704
497
70.6
489
69.5
8
1.7
207

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,393
2,723
80.3
2,623
77.3
101
3.7
670

3,101
2,442
78.8
2,367
76.3
76
3.1
659

2,822
2,285
81.0
2,202
78.0
83
3.6
537

2,621
2,072
79.1
2,004
76.4
69
3.3
549

571
438
76.7
421
73.7
17
4.0
133

480
370
77.0
363
75.7
7
1.8
110

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,162
1,887
23.1
1,812
22.2
75
4.0
6,275

7,750
1,646
21.2
1,585
20.4
62
3.7
6,104

7,867
1,841
23.4
1,766
22.5
74
4.0
6,026

7,487
1,587
21.2
1,526
20.4
62
3.9
5,900

295
46
15.8
45
15.4
1
–
249

263
59
22.4
59
22.4
0
–
204

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,072
2,477
48.8
2,408
47.5
69
2.8
2,595

4,373
2,166
49.5
2,078
47.5
88
4.1
2,207

4,563
2,195
48.1
2,140
46.9
56
2.5
2,368

3,960
1,959
49.5
1,876
47.4
83
4.2
2,001

509
282
55.3
268
52.7
13
4.7
227

413
208
50.3
202
49.0
5
2.5
205

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

224,847
147,565
65.6
141,040
62.7
6,525
4.4
77,282

228,782
149,929
65.5
143,951
62.9
5,978
4.0
78,853

99,825
74,648
74.8
71,003
71.1
3,644
4.9
25,178

102,363
76,505
74.7
73,269
71.6
3,237
4.2
25,858

125,021
72,918
58.3
70,037
56.0
2,881
4.0
52,104

126,419
73,424
58.1
70,682
55.9
2,742
3.7
52,996

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

Persons with no disability
Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,611
6,252
20.4
5,589
18.3
663
10.6
24,359

30,415
6,526
21.5
5,991
19.7
535
8.2
23,889

223,803
153,661
68.7
147,039
65.7
6,621
4.3
70,143

226,683
155,022
68.4
148,885
65.7
6,136
4.0
71,661

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,730
34.8
2,430
30.9
300
11.0
5,124

2,882
37.4
2,624
34.1
259
9.0
4,818

76,681
82.3
73,011
78.4
3,670
4.8
16,474

77,606
82.7
74,254
79.1
3,352
4.3
16,270

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,388
29.8
2,102
26.3
286
12.0
5,617

2,547
32.2
2,321
29.3
226
8.9
5,371

68,549
71.2
65,919
68.4
2,630
3.8
27,789

68,597
70.8
66,100
68.3
2,497
3.6
28,237

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,134
7.7
1,057
7.2
77
6.8
13,618

1,097
7.4
1,046
7.1
50
4.6
13,700

8,431
24.6
8,109
23.6
321
3.8
25,880

8,819
24.5
8,531
23.7
288
3.3
27,154

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Mar.
2017

Men
Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Women
Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

41,204
27,062
65.7
25,857
62.8
1,205
4.5
14,142

43,358
28,441
65.6
27,280
62.9
1,161
4.1
14,918

20,024
15,527
77.5
14,859
74.2
668
4.3
4,497

21,128
16,387
77.6
15,763
74.6
624
3.8
4,741

21,180
11,535
54.5
10,998
51.9
537
4.7
9,645

22,230
12,054
54.2
11,517
51.8
536
4.4
10,177

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

213,210
132,850
62.3
126,771
59.5
6,079
4.6
80,360

213,739
133,107
62.3
127,597
59.7
5,510
4.1
80,632

102,921
69,191
67.2
65,686
63.8
3,504
5.1
33,730

103,203
69,537
67.4
66,388
64.3
3,149
4.5
33,667

110,289
63,659
57.7
61,084
55.4
2,575
4.0
46,629

110,535
63,570
57.5
61,209
55.4
2,362
3.7
46,965

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

2,441
1,552
857
31
150,187
141,495
21,247
120,248
698
119,550
8,640
53

2,280
1,487
758
36
152,123
143,213
21,503
121,710
738
120,972
8,854
56

2,266
1,409
840
17
152,611
143,601
21,368
122,233
781
121,452
8,959
50

2,476
1,635
835
–
150,407
141,667
20,858
120,843
–
120,127
8,700
–

2,510
1,697
791
–
151,453
142,472
20,717
121,779
–
121,140
8,922
–

2,552
1,717
793
–
151,478
142,505
20,642
121,900
–
121,206
8,970
–

2,513
1,712
781
–
151,894
142,828
20,815
122,022
–
121,349
8,991
–

2,474
1,679
768
–
152,713
143,656
20,986
122,693
–
121,957
8,944
–

2,314
1,495
803
–
152,747
143,688
20,957
122,761
–
121,977
8,990
–

5,552
3,407
1,920
21,042

5,331
3,501
1,509
21,804

5,080
3,023
1,738
21,817

5,500
3,377
1,833
20,706

4,851
2,995
1,558
21,022

4,915
3,097
1,570
21,122

4,989
3,009
1,663
20,867

5,160
3,302
1,541
21,061

5,019
3,005
1,625
21,399

5,498
3,383
1,901
20,667

5,241
3,449
1,501
21,388

4,975
2,966
1,726
21,382

5,470
3,349
1,823
20,343

4,759
2,952
1,552
20,645

4,856
3,049
1,563
20,703

4,926
2,965
1,659
20,434

5,091
3,258
1,533
20,641

4,944
2,940
1,619
20,999

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

152,628
4,897
1,723
3,174
147,731
14,017
133,714
98,507
34,376
31,584
32,547
35,207

154,403
4,822
1,695
3,127
149,581
13,980
135,602
99,847
34,959
32,328
32,560
35,755

154,877
4,889
1,701
3,188
149,988
14,158
135,830
100,015
35,105
32,410
32,500
35,814

153,064
5,179
1,914
3,277
147,885
14,222
133,697
98,584
34,444
31,629
32,510
35,113

153,917
4,928
1,929
2,996
148,989
13,982
135,009
99,407
34,692
32,146
32,568
35,602

154,021
4,977
1,907
3,075
149,045
13,936
135,083
99,535
34,606
32,304
32,625
35,548

154,430
5,143
1,915
3,221
149,287
14,153
135,129
99,674
34,768
32,380
32,526
35,455

155,215
5,174
1,915
3,293
150,041
14,213
135,856
100,120
34,975
32,503
32,642
35,735

155,178
5,149
1,892
3,261
150,028
14,334
135,779
100,051
35,106
32,462
32,484
35,728

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

80,546
2,374
815
1,559
78,172
7,123
71,049
52,407
18,346
17,005
17,056
18,642

81,829
2,277
748
1,529
79,552
7,213
72,339
53,400
18,824
17,424
17,152
18,939

82,151
2,341
771
1,570
79,810
7,325
72,485
53,460
18,900
17,492
17,069
19,025

81,121
2,573
950
1,636
78,548
7,259
71,298
52,617
18,428
17,092
17,097
18,681

81,666
2,342
884
1,443
79,324
7,210
72,102
53,084
18,617
17,300
17,167
19,018

81,821
2,391
848
1,540
79,431
7,203
72,226
53,308
18,612
17,450
17,246
18,918

82,274
2,569
920
1,638
79,705
7,339
72,388
53,441
18,773
17,447
17,221
18,947

82,685
2,472
872
1,617
80,213
7,392
72,822
53,764
18,925
17,592
17,247
19,058

82,630
2,517
891
1,639
80,113
7,445
72,707
53,647
18,942
17,576
17,130
19,060

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72,082
2,523
909
1,615
69,559
6,894
62,665
46,100
16,031
14,578
15,491
16,565

72,574
2,545
946
1,599
70,029
6,767
63,262
46,447
16,135
14,904
15,408
16,816

72,726
2,548
930
1,618
70,178
6,834
63,344
46,555
16,206
14,918
15,431
16,789

71,943
2,606
964
1,641
69,337
6,964
62,399
45,966
16,016
14,537
15,414
16,432

72,251
2,586
1,044
1,552
69,665
6,772
62,906
46,322
16,074
14,846
15,402
16,584

72,200
2,586
1,059
1,535
69,614
6,733
62,857
46,227
15,994
14,853
15,380
16,630

72,157
2,574
995
1,583
69,583
6,814
62,742
46,233
15,995
14,933
15,305
16,508

72,530
2,702
1,044
1,676
69,828
6,821
63,033
46,356
16,050
14,911
15,395
16,677

72,548
2,632
1,001
1,622
69,916
6,889
63,071
46,404
16,164
14,886
15,354
16,667

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,858
36,288
9,618

45,635
35,786
9,624

45,870
35,912
9,595

45,912
35,888
–

45,621
35,844
–

45,439
35,813
–

45,714
35,768
–

45,863
35,632
–

45,865
35,564
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124,566
28,062

126,401
28,003

126,424
28,453

125,563
27,573

126,758
27,138

126,723
27,257

127,016
27,271

127,745
27,548

127,434
27,858

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,137
5.3

8,103
5.2

7,771
5.0

7,930
5.2

7,342
4.8

7,647
5.0

7,845
5.1

7,864
5.1

7,609
4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,740
9,497

5,767
9,611

5,891
9,799

–
9,535

–
9,713

–
9,763

–
9,773

–
9,713

–
9,793

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,171
816
397
421
6,355
1,119
5,241
3,991
1,623
1,271
1,098
1,217

6,706
874
351
524
5,833
1,042
4,787
3,617
1,596
1,037
984
1,193

6,585
803
332
469
5,782
1,018
4,769
3,591
1,541
1,065
985
1,176

4.5
13.6
17.2
11.4
4.1
7.3
3.8
3.9
4.5
3.9
3.3
3.3

4.1
15.9
19.1
14.4
3.7
7.1
3.3
3.4
4.3
3.1
2.7
3.1

4.1
13.6
15.2
13.2
3.7
7.1
3.4
3.4
4.5
3.0
2.7
3.3

4.1
13.9
15.0
13.3
3.8
7.4
3.4
3.5
4.3
3.1
3.0
3.0

4.1
14.4
15.5
13.7
3.7
6.8
3.4
3.5
4.4
3.1
2.9
3.2

4.1
13.5
14.9
12.6
3.7
6.6
3.4
3.5
4.2
3.2
2.9
3.2

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,906
446
202
244
3,459
674
2,777
2,132
923
655
553
646

3,582
486
180
309
3,096
605
2,488
1,800
799
495
505
688

3,539
452
171
277
3,087
600
2,483
1,863
811
538
514
620

4.6
14.8
17.6
13.0
4.2
8.5
3.7
3.9
4.8
3.7
3.1
3.3

4.2
17.7
20.7
16.6
3.7
8.4
3.2
3.2
4.1
2.7
2.7
3.4

4.1
14.8
15.7
15.0
3.8
7.9
3.3
3.3
4.3
2.6
2.8
3.4

4.3
14.5
13.0
14.9
3.9
8.2
3.4
3.4
4.1
3.1
3.1
3.3

4.2
16.4
17.1
16.1
3.7
7.6
3.3
3.2
4.1
2.7
2.8
3.5

4.1
15.2
16.1
14.5
3.7
7.5
3.3
3.4
4.1
3.0
2.9
3.2

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,266
370
194
176
2,896
445
2,464
1,859
699
615
545
564

3,124
387
170
215
2,737
437
2,300
1,817
797
542
478
488

3,046
351
161
192
2,695
419
2,286
1,729
731
527
471
542

4.3
12.4
16.8
9.7
4.0
6.0
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.1
3.4
3.3

4.1
14.1
17.7
12.4
3.6
5.8
3.4
3.6
4.5
3.5
2.8
2.8

4.0
12.3
14.7
11.3
3.7
6.2
3.5
3.6
4.6
3.4
2.6
3.2

4.0
13.4
16.7
11.7
3.6
6.5
3.3
3.6
4.7
3.1
2.8
2.5

4.1
12.5
14.0
11.4
3.8
6.0
3.5
3.8
4.7
3.5
3.0
2.8

4.0
11.8
13.8
10.6
3.7
5.7
3.5
3.6
4.3
3.4
3.0
3.2

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,208
1,022
557

992
973
637

1,006
957
569

2.6
2.8
5.5

2.1
2.3
5.5

2.2
2.6
5.3

2.3
2.4
6.5

2.1
2.7
6.2

2.1
2.6
5.6

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,758
1,405

5,395
1,293

5,271
1,303

4.4
4.8

3.9
5.0

4.0
4.5

4.0
4.7

4.1
4.5

4.0
4.5

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3,812
1,125
2,686
1,880
806
778
2,004
691

3,716
1,172
2,544
1,799
745
774
1,962
639

3,375
1,007
2,368
1,696
672
850
1,912
534

3,516
946
2,570
1,817
752
793
2,064
769

3,149
950
2,200
1,539
661
739
2,025
697

3,254
915
2,339
1,636
703
715
2,003
581

3,273
912
2,361
1,652
709
716
1,958
645

3,279
878
2,401
1,709
692
780
1,948
704

3,146
865
2,281
1,645
637
864
1,967
625

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

52.3
15.5
36.9
10.7
27.5
9.5

52.4
16.5
35.9
10.9
27.7
9.0

50.6
15.1
35.5
12.7
28.7
8.0

49.2
13.2
36.0
11.1
28.9
10.8

47.6
14.4
33.3
11.2
30.6
10.5

49.7
14.0
35.7
10.9
30.6
8.9

49.6
13.8
35.8
10.9
29.7
9.8

48.9
13.1
35.8
11.6
29.0
10.5

47.7
13.1
34.6
13.1
29.8
9.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.4
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.3
0.5
1.2
0.4

2.1
0.5
1.2
0.3

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.5

2.0
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.0
0.4
1.2
0.4

2.0
0.4
1.2
0.4

2.0
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.2
0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,000
2,269
3,016
1,255
1,761

2,307
2,253
2,532
1,024
1,507

1,994
2,203
2,475
1,059
1,416

2,296
2,088
2,725
1,064
1,660

2,253
1,894
2,514
921
1,593

2,235
1,994
2,397
882
1,515

2,280
1,943
2,402
981
1,421

2,508
1,906
2,330
934
1,397

2,287
2,009
2,202
880
1,322

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26.1
11.6

22.7
9.4

24.8
10.2

25.4
10.4

25.2
9.5

23.6
9.1

24.1
9.4

22.9
9.3

24.1
9.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.5
31.1
41.4
17.2
24.2

32.5
31.8
35.7
14.4
21.3

29.9
33.0
37.1
15.9
21.2

32.3
29.4
38.3
15.0
23.4

33.8
28.4
37.7
13.8
23.9

33.7
30.1
36.2
13.3
22.9

34.4
29.3
36.3
14.8
21.5

37.2
28.3
34.6
13.8
20.7

35.2
30.9
33.9
13.5
20.3

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

152,628
61,156

154,877
63,067

7,284
1,265

6,671
1,310

4.6
2.0

4.1
2.0

25,418
35,738
26,358
33,385
15,858
17,527

25,992
37,074
26,564
32,896
15,413
17,482

622
644
1,597
1,444
640
803

520
790
1,447
1,428
731
697

2.4
1.8
5.7
4.1
3.9
4.4

2.0
2.1
5.2
4.2
4.5
3.8

13,877
1,186
7,548
5,142

13,860
992
7,966
4,902

1,156
131
831
194

999
137
712
150

7.7
9.9
9.9
3.6

6.7
12.1
8.2
3.0

17,852
8,378
9,474

18,490
8,539
9,952

1,099
472
627

933
382
551

5.8
5.3
6.2

4.8
4.3
5.2

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

7,284
5,733
30
764
614
420
194
985
284
108
235
904
666
883
260
126
393
341

6,671
5,136
55
696
511
304
208
960
241
108
181
714
619
808
242
147
522
333

4.6
4.6
4.1
8.4
3.9
4.2
3.4
4.8
4.3
4.0
2.3
5.5
2.8
6.3
3.9
7.7
1.8
3.4

4.1
4.0
6.9
7.4
3.3
3.1
3.6
4.8
3.6
4.1
1.8
4.2
2.6
5.8
3.6
9.7
2.4
3.3

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Nov.
2017

Dec.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

1.9

1.6

1.5

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.2

2.0

2.0

2.0

2.0

1.9

4.6

4.4

4.1

4.5

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.8

4.6

4.4

4.7

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.4

4.3

5.5

5.3

5.0

5.4

5.0

5.1

5.1

5.1

4.9

8.9

8.6

8.1

8.8

8.0

8.1

8.2

8.2

8.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Mar.
2017

Men
Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Women
Mar.
2018

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

94,502
5,507
1,595
460
1,135

95,549
4,793
1,454
450
1,004

38,227
2,613
804
246
558

38,407
2,272
770
271
498

56,275
2,894
791
214
578

57,142
2,521
684
179
506

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,137
5.3
4,566
2,144
297
1,079

7,771
5.0
4,272
2,040
307
1,108

4,093
5.1
2,467
800
172
635

3,991
4.9
2,396
766
199
612

4,044
5.6
2,099
1,344
124
444

3,781
5.2
1,877
1,274
109
496

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

145,078
122,385
19,624

145,435
123,267
19,866

146,667
124,035
20,032

147,332
124,638
20,167

145,969
123,655
19,982

147,801
125,482
20,383

148,127
125,802
20,489

148,230
125,904
20,504

Change
from:
Feb.2018 Mar.2018p
103
102
15

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

650
48.0
601.7
143.9
179.2
51.0
38.8

693
49.1
643.6
145.7
179.1
51.9
38.3

702
49.7
652.3
145.7
180.2
51.9
38.4

712
48.5
663.4
149.1
182.8
51.8
38.5

660
49.7
610.4
144.7
184.1
51.2
39.1

705
50.7
654.4
147.0
186.4
51.9
38.6

714
50.3
663.4
147.8
187.0
52.1
38.7

722
50.2
671.9
150.2
187.6
52.1
38.8

8
-0.1
8.5
2.4
0.6
0.0
0.1

89.4
278.6

88.9
318.8

89.9
326.4

92.5
331.5

93.9
281.6

95.9
321.0

96.2
328.6

96.7
334.1

0.5
5.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

6,634
1,487.3
723.3
764.0
912.2
4,234.5
1,850.3
2,384.2

6,692
1,510.9
743.3
767.6
873.2
4,307.4
1,892.5
2,414.9

6,797
1,530.7
753.3
777.4
902.8
4,363.2
1,916.7
2,446.5

6,880
1,545.9
759.1
786.8
933.2
4,401.1
1,933.7
2,467.4

6,922
1,530.7
749.0
781.7
991.4
4,399.6
1,926.3
2,473.3

7,100
1,566.2
772.0
794.2
998.9
4,535.2
1,995.2
2,540.0

7,165
1,581.5
780.0
801.5
1,009.3
4,574.5
2,016.5
2,558.0

7,150
1,586.1
782.4
803.7
1,005.7
4,558.3
2,007.1
2,551.2

-15
4.6
2.4
2.2
-3.6
-16.2
-9.4
-6.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,340

12,481

12,533

12,575

12,400

12,578

12,610

12,632

7,687
393.5
403.0
368.0
1,414.5
1,067.5
1,035.9
156.2
86.5

7,796
395.5
402.8
378.2
1,455.9
1,099.1
1,052.7
166.4
86.0

7,832
398.6
405.4
381.4
1,462.9
1,105.4
1,053.8
167.0
85.9

7,872
401.5
413.6
380.4
1,472.5
1,106.1
1,058.8
168.8
86.2

7,708
397.7
411.7
368.1
1,418.2
1,068.4
1,038.2
157.1
86.7

7,838
399.9
418.0
377.9
1,462.0
1,100.4
1,056.3
167.2
86.5

7,866
403.7
419.6
381.2
1,468.1
1,104.2
1,057.4
168.0
86.5

7,888
404.5
421.3
380.1
1,476.9
1,106.2
1,060.2
169.2
86.4

22
0.8
1.7
-1.1
8.8
2.0
2.8
1.2
-0.1

360.7
398.5

364.2
403.5

365.7
402.8

367.5
404.1

361.4
398.8

366.0
403.9

366.9
403.5

367.8
404.4

0.9
0.9

34.0
383.8
1,637.2
959.8
393.2

32.6
395.3
1,638.7
954.3
388.9

32.4
396.8
1,645.2
960.2
391.5

32.2
399.4
1,656.2
969.8
392.2

34.2
384.7
1,633.7
955.8
394.1

32.7
396.6
1,642.2
956.6
391.6

32.6
398.4
1,647.4
961.5
392.6

32.4
400.4
1,652.2
964.8
393.2

-0.2
2.0
4.8
3.3
0.6

590.4

589.3

591.4

591.3

593.1

592.9

593.3

593.4

0.1

4,653
1,567.8
112.8
115.5
122.6
368.6
442.1
111.1
819.1
713.1

4,685
1,600.5
111.3
111.5
115.4
369.9
433.4
110.8
825.0
720.0

4,701
1,606.0
111.5
110.9
116.8
372.5
434.9
113.0
823.4
722.7

4,703
1,605.2
110.9
111.5
116.5
370.7
434.5
113.0
823.5
723.3

4,692
1,592.0
112.7
116.4
122.8
369.4
443.0
114.3
819.2
712.9

4,740
1,625.3
111.4
112.7
116.5
370.6
436.2
115.0
827.8
725.3

4,744
1,626.6
111.2
112.3
116.4
372.0
437.9
117.0
826.4
724.1

4,744
1,629.9
110.9
112.2
116.6
371.0
435.4
116.3
824.7
723.2

0
3.3
-0.3
-0.1
0.2
-1.0
-2.5
-0.7
-1.7
-0.9

280.6

287.6

288.9

294.2

289.5

299.2

299.9

303.4

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

102,761

103,401

104,003

104,471

103,673

105,099

105,313

105,400

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,104

27,463

27,329

27,410

27,427

27,627

27,701

27,722

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

22

5,854.8
2,940.4
2,030.6

5,896.9
2,979.3
2,023.0

5,915.0
2,991.3
2,030.3

5,941.6
2,999.3
2,045.4

5,881.7
2,950.0
2,044.5

5,948.8
2,999.0
2,050.1

5,955.9
3,005.8
2,052.4

5,967.3
3,008.9
2,058.2

3.5
87
21
11.4
3.1
5.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2018p

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Change
from:
Feb.2018 Mar.2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

883.8

894.6

893.4

896.9

887.2

899.7

897.7

900.2

2.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,628.7
1,992.1
1,289.0
150.2
552.9
471.2
508.1

15,791.9
2,000.5
1,296.6
146.1
557.8
487.5
506.8

15,659.3
2,007.6
1,301.1
149.0
557.5
481.0
494.5

15,691.4
2,018.7
1,303.9
153.4
561.4
479.3
495.7

15,859.4
2,001.6
1,292.5
154.4
554.7
476.1
513.2

15,873.0
2,022.6
1,303.9
157.6
561.1
482.0
495.7

15,920.3
2,026.6
1,307.8
157.4
561.4
482.1
496.8

15,915.9
2,028.5
1,307.6
157.7
563.3
484.1
498.5

-4.4
1.9
-0.2
0.3
1.9
2.0
1.7

1,269.2
3,065.6
1,065.2
920.1
1,339.5

1,239.7
3,078.1
1,067.0
922.8
1,366.0

1,269.0
3,070.2
1,052.7
923.8
1,325.3

1,322.4
3,063.0
1,054.0
925.4
1,318.2

1,270.9
3,097.9
1,070.0
931.4
1,389.4

1,305.0
3,094.4
1,061.5
935.8
1,355.8

1,316.0
3,097.1
1,057.2
936.7
1,371.4

1,317.9
3,093.9
1,058.9
936.8
1,364.1

1.9
-3.2
1.7
0.1
-7.3

582.1
3,053.4
1,136.7

597.2
3,143.9
1,196.8

575.5
3,072.2
1,146.9

570.0
3,055.0
1,130.1

602.3
3,109.7
1,171.8

593.0
3,119.9
1,174.2

591.2
3,133.3
1,175.9

592.2
3,120.7
1,168.0

1.0
-12.6
-7.9

1,916.7
807.1
555.1

1,947.1
801.1
581.3

1,925.3
805.7
581.8

1,924.9
805.3
584.4

1,937.9
832.0
564.9

1,945.7
823.8
583.5

1,957.4
823.9
588.0

1,952.7
828.0
592.3

-4.7
4.1
4.3

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,065.6
486.7
217.5
62.7
1,429.4

5,223.2
495.6
210.2
63.3
1,436.0

5,202.8
497.2
210.9
61.6
1,445.5

5,219.4
499.8
210.9
62.5
1,454.2

5,129.6
488.7
218.3
64.5
1,455.9

5,251.5
500.1
212.3
65.3
1,466.1

5,269.5
502.0
212.3
64.4
1,472.1

5,279.3
502.0
211.6
64.5
1,478.8

9.8
0.0
-0.7
0.1
6.7

502.1
49.5
27.0
682.2
636.3
972.2

503.7
46.5
25.7
696.7
738.1
1,007.4

508.6
47.2
26.9
702.8
696.2
1,005.9

507.9
47.5
28.9
700.4
700.2
1,007.1

488.0
49.6
34.5
685.9
663.0
981.2

493.8
46.7
36.3
702.0
714.9
1,014.0

497.1
47.4
36.6
706.4
717.1
1,014.1

494.7
47.5
36.9
703.8
722.9
1,016.6

-2.4
0.1
0.3
-2.6
5.8
2.5

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

554.5

550.5

551.4

557.9

556.0

553.2

555.0

559.0

4.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,803
726.5

2,723
713.2

2,752
712.3

2,751
711.5

2,809
728.7

2,760
715.9

2,758
714.3

2,760
713.7

2
-0.6

425.9
270.8
789.8

381.2
261.5
763.7

397.9
261.5
771.6

395.3
262.2
769.0

426.5
270.0
790.9

408.5
262.3
766.3

397.9
262.0
771.4

400.5
261.4
769.4

2.6
-0.6
-2.0

312.6
277.0

319.6
283.4

324.6
284.3

328.0
285.0

314.5
277.9

322.1
285.0

326.1
285.8

329.0
286.1

2.9
0.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,363
6,225.6
19.1

8,457
6,278.3
18.9

8,489
6,300.8
18.9

8,499
6,298.5
18.9

8,410
6,238.7
19.1

8,514
6,291.4
18.9

8,544
6,312.0
18.9

8,546
6,310.4
19.0

2
-1.6
0.1

2,636.2
1,711.3
1,323.2
618.2
306.7

2,652.6
1,713.5
1,319.7
623.3
315.8

2,658.9
1,714.5
1,321.9
627.0
317.4

2,652.2
1,714.8
1,320.9
623.2
314.2

2,640.9
1,712.0
1,323.0
620.9
308.1

2,655.5
1,714.9
1,319.3
623.8
316.8

2,663.0
1,716.3
1,321.1
628.4
318.3

2,656.9
1,715.4
1,319.8
625.9
315.7

-6.1
-0.9
-1.3
-2.5
-2.6

927.8
2,642.5
2,136.9
1,568.8
544.2

949.8
2,657.0
2,179.1
1,591.9
563.9

956.6
2,666.4
2,188.3
1,596.2
567.9

957.2
2,670.2
2,200.1
1,602.6
573.3

932.9
2,645.8
2,171.1
1,587.6
559.3

954.3
2,662.7
2,222.9
1,615.1
583.9

959.5
2,670.6
2,231.9
1,619.2
588.2

961.1
2,673.4
2,235.4
1,622.0
589.0

1.6
2.8
3.5
2.8
0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2018p

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Change
from:
Feb.2018 Mar.2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

23.9

23.3

24.2

24.2

24.2

23.9

24.5

24.4

-0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,070
8,972.8
1,126.8
1,089.0
1,406.3
138.1

20,326
9,088.9
1,128.1
1,039.9
1,437.8
135.0

20,469
9,171.9
1,128.8
1,087.5
1,443.7
135.4

20,568
9,175.1
1,131.1
1,089.0
1,444.1
135.7

20,301
8,935.0
1,131.4
982.8
1,424.0
139.5

20,715
9,098.5
1,136.0
974.5
1,458.5
137.4

20,770
9,119.0
1,135.6
975.0
1,464.7
137.1

20,803
9,137.9
1,136.0
984.6
1,461.9
137.1

33
18.9
0.4
9.6
-2.8
0.0

2,012.0

2,070.2

2,078.7

2,064.9

2,029.1

2,071.5

2,076.0

2,081.0

5.0

1,367.0

1,415.3

1,422.4

1,420.2

1,382.3

1,435.2

1,436.4

1,436.0

-0.4

651.5
490.0
692.1
2,276.1
8,820.9
8,415.7
501.3
147.7
3,452.4
2,811.0
904.3

662.2
484.9
715.5
2,302.9
8,934.2
8,521.1
517.7
153.3
3,516.0
2,855.9
914.6

665.3
490.3
719.8
2,303.4
8,994.1
8,580.2
516.5
155.4
3,556.6
2,890.8
913.8

667.5
496.6
726.0
2,307.5
9,085.1
8,668.7
516.2
155.9
3,588.0
2,918.2
908.4

654.4
492.9
698.6
2,284.1
9,081.5
8,669.4
502.7
147.5
3,562.4
2,907.4
907.4

666.5
492.2
726.8
2,310.0
9,306.8
8,887.2
519.6
154.7
3,677.8
2,996.4
912.8

669.4
494.8
730.0
2,313.1
9,337.8
8,916.9
518.5
156.1
3,699.5
3,017.4
911.9

670.9
499.1
731.4
2,315.2
9,349.5
8,926.8
518.5
155.7
3,700.5
3,016.8
911.7

1.5
4.3
1.4
2.1
11.7
9.9
0.0
-0.4
1.0
-0.6
-0.2

217.8
906.4
1,969.0
316.8

211.6
921.4
1,961.2
325.3

214.3
923.2
1,973.2
327.2

216.1
926.9
2,026.1
331.1

218.9
913.1
2,099.4
317.9

216.7
930.6
2,144.0
330.9

217.2
932.4
2,149.5
331.8

217.0
933.2
2,157.0
333.1

-0.2
0.8
7.5
1.3

405.2

413.1

413.9

416.4

412.1

419.6

420.9

422.7

1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,185
3,819.2
19,365.9
15,593.1
7,206.6
2,558.5
927.0
875.4
886.4
267.6
1,393.0

23,241
3,590.5
19,650.0
15,835.6
7,366.9
2,603.5
936.1
908.1
917.1
274.0
1,423.4

23,590
3,867.1
19,722.7
15,879.3
7,394.9
2,613.4
934.6
908.5
919.1
276.0
1,434.3

23,622
3,863.9
19,757.6
15,894.1
7,405.3
2,615.6
936.8
909.6
923.5
276.2
1,436.0

23,040
3,646.7
19,392.8
15,633.6
7,230.1
2,564.3
931.1
879.4
887.0
268.1
1,399.5

23,430
3,715.3
19,714.5
15,888.2
7,398.9
2,611.9
939.1
912.9
918.9
274.6
1,432.7

23,458
3,702.8
19,755.2
15,915.0
7,414.7
2,618.5
936.6
912.5
920.6
276.3
1,440.5

23,483
3,693.8
19,789.0
15,937.4
7,430.9
2,622.2
941.0
913.9
924.1
276.6
1,443.0

25
-9.0
33.8
22.4
16.2
3.7
4.4
1.4
3.5
0.3
2.5

298.7
5,059.0
3,327.5
1,625.8
625.9

304.7
5,124.4
3,344.3
1,615.6
631.7

309.0
5,136.5
3,347.9
1,613.5
633.1

307.6
5,150.5
3,338.3
1,605.4
629.2

300.7
5,062.4
3,341.1
1,633.7
626.8

308.8
5,134.1
3,355.2
1,618.5
633.6

309.7
5,143.8
3,356.5
1,617.1
634.3

310.1
5,153.7
3,352.8
1,614.2
630.2

0.4
9.9
-3.7
-2.9
-4.1

911.0
164.8
3,772.8
2,318.3
168.7
338.3
947.5

927.6
169.4
3,814.4
2,363.9
171.1
340.5
938.9

931.3
170.0
3,843.4
2,384.2
172.6
343.2
943.4

933.0
170.7
3,863.5
2,399.7
171.8
343.2
948.8

913.8
166.7
3,759.2
2,320.0
168.1
341.7
929.4

931.7
171.3
3,826.3
2,375.1
170.7
345.5
935.0

934.1
171.1
3,840.2
2,388.6
171.4
346.7
933.5

936.2
172.3
3,851.6
2,400.4
171.2
346.4
933.7

2.1
1.2
11.4
11.8
-0.2
-0.3
0.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,524
2,120.3
452.0

15,440
2,072.4
428.6

15,594
2,107.8
452.7

15,824
2,166.7
471.9

15,944
2,297.8
473.5

16,228
2,349.1
493.9

16,251
2,350.8
497.4

16,256
2,350.6
496.0

5
-0.2
-1.4

152.6

156.1

156.6

161.9

162.0

172.0

172.1

172.2

0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Change
from:
Feb.2018 Mar.2018p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,515.7
13,403.5
1,926.1
11,477.4

1,487.7
13,367.4
1,912.8
11,454.6

1,498.5
13,485.8
1,926.7
11,559.1

1,532.9
13,657.2
1,954.1
11,703.1

1,662.3
13,646.1
1,993.3
11,652.8

1,683.2
13,879.1
2,015.4
11,863.7

1,681.3
13,900.6
2,017.0
11,883.6

1,682.4
13,904.9
2,021.3
11,883.6

1.1
4.3
4.3
0.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,712
1,305.0
1,455.0
2,952.2

5,751
1,300.4
1,488.0
2,962.9

5,780
1,306.5
1,494.0
2,979.8

5,797
1,313.2
1,497.6
2,986.0

5,742
1,304.8
1,465.9
2,971.2

5,825
1,315.4
1,509.5
3,000.3

5,831
1,312.4
1,514.0
3,004.6

5,830
1,313.8
1,511.2
3,005.4

-1
1.4
-2.8
0.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,693
2,793.0
2,177.9
615.4
5,318.0
2,633.7
2,683.9
14,582.0
8,252.7
6,328.8

22,168
2,787.0
2,174.2
612.4
5,023.0
2,371.3
2,652.0
14,358.0
8,015.8
6,342.5

22,632
2,777.0
2,170.7
606.0
5,247.0
2,592.8
2,654.5
14,608.0
8,249.0
6,358.6

22,694
2,773.0
2,167.8
604.9
5,265.0
2,608.1
2,656.5
14,656.0
8,279.4
6,376.2

22,314
2,808.0
2,191.8
615.7
5,159.0
2,471.6
2,687.7
14,347.0
7,911.7
6,435.2

22,319
2,797.0
2,183.7
613.6
5,119.0
2,454.9
2,663.6
14,403.0
7,926.2
6,476.9

22,325
2,790.0
2,183.1
607.3
5,114.0
2,451.4
2,663.0
14,421.0
7,939.7
6,481.0

22,326
2,789.0
2,182.2
606.8
5,113.0
2,452.1
2,660.6
14,424.0
7,940.1
6,483.6

1
-1.0
-0.9
-0.5
-1.0
0.7
-2.4
3.0
0.4
2.6

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.3
40.1
45.1
38.8
40.6
41.1
39.7
33.2
34.3
39.0
30.9
38.4
42.4
36.2
37.3
36.0
32.9
26.0
31.8

34.4
40.3
45.3
39.0
40.7
41.2
40.0
33.2
34.5
39.0
31.1
38.7
41.9
35.8
37.6
35.9
32.9
26.0
31.6

34.5
40.6
46.1
39.4
41.0
41.4
40.3
33.3
34.5
39.0
31.1
38.8
41.8
36.0
37.6
36.2
33.0
26.1
31.7

34.5
40.5
46.0
39.2
40.9
41.3
40.2
33.3
34.5
39.0
31.2
38.7
41.9
36.1
37.6
36.1
32.9
26.1
31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.3
3.3
3.2

3.5
3.5
3.5

3.7
3.7
3.6

3.6
3.6
3.5

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$26.11
27.36
32.04
28.60
26.42
27.67
24.28
25.82
22.63
29.88
18.04
23.65
38.94
37.64
32.76
31.48
26.13
15.35
23.64

$26.71
27.88
32.38
29.33
26.81
28.11
24.60
26.43
23.04
30.21
18.41
24.23
39.60
38.93
34.29
32.04
26.73
15.73
24.26

$26.74
27.95
32.37
29.50
26.81
28.08
24.65
26.46
23.06
30.22
18.44
24.24
39.73
39.04
34.28
32.04
26.75
15.75
24.26

$26.82
27.96
32.64
29.43
26.86
28.11
24.72
26.55
23.12
30.23
18.48
24.35
39.97
39.07
34.50
32.20
26.82
15.81
24.30

$895.57
1,097.14
1,445.00
1,109.68
1,072.65
1,137.24
963.92
857.22
776.21
1,165.32
557.44
908.16
1,651.06
1,362.57
1,221.95
1,133.28
859.68
399.10
751.75

$918.82
1,123.56
1,466.81
1,143.87
1,091.17
1,158.13
984.00
877.48
794.88
1,178.19
572.55
937.70
1,659.24
1,393.69
1,289.30
1,150.24
879.42
408.98
766.62

$922.53
1,134.77
1,492.26
1,162.30
1,099.21
1,162.51
993.40
881.12
795.57
1,178.58
573.48
940.51
1,660.71
1,405.44
1,288.93
1,159.85
882.75
411.08
769.04

$925.29
1,132.38
1,501.44
1,153.66
1,098.57
1,160.94
993.74
884.12
797.64
1,178.97
576.58
942.35
1,674.74
1,410.43
1,297.20
1,162.42
882.38
412.64
770.31

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2018 Mar.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

106.5
91.3
93.5
92.6
90.6
89.2
93.0
110.7
102.3
100.1
99.5
112.7
102.0
92.9
102.7
114.9
123.8
118.3
105.3

108.3
93.6
100.4
95.5
92.1
90.9
94.6
112.3
103.7
101.2
100.3
116.3
100.3
90.2
104.8
117.0
125.9
120.4
106.1

108.9
94.8
103.4
97.3
93.0
91.7
95.4
112.8
103.9
101.3
100.6
117.0
100.4
90.7
105.2
118.3
126.4
121.0
106.6

109.0
94.6
104.4
96.6
92.9
91.7
95.2
112.9
104.0
101.5
100.9
116.9
101.3
91.0
105.2
118.1
126.2
121.1
106.6

0.1
-0.2
1.0
-0.7
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.3
-0.1
0.9
0.3
0.0
-0.2
-0.2
0.1
0.0

1

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2018 Mar.
2018p

132.9
112.9
120.3
115.0
111.3
109.6
114.5
138.9
124.6
124.8
118.7
135.3
131.2
124.5
131.3
146.6
155.6
146.5
136.4

138.3
117.9
130.5
121.6
114.8
113.5
118.1
144.2
128.5
127.6
122.0
143.0
131.2
125.1
140.2
151.8
161.9
152.8
141.1

139.3
119.7
134.4
124.7
116.0
114.3
119.4
145.1
129.0
127.8
122.6
143.9
131.8
126.0
140.7
153.5
162.7
153.8
141.7

139.8
119.6
136.8
123.5
116.1
114.5
119.4
145.7
129.4
128.1
123.2
144.5
133.8
126.6
141.6
154.1
162.8
154.4
141.9

0.4
-0.1
1.8
-1.0
0.1
0.2
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.4
1.5
0.5
0.6
0.4
0.1
0.4
0.1

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

72,325
59,530
4,369
91
866
3,412
1,805
1,607
55,161
11,071
1,734.6
7,955.7
1,252.5
127.8
1,118
4,767
9,126
17,757
8,291
3,031
12,795

73,239
60,411
4,479
91
907
3,481
1,834
1,647
55,932
11,066
1,763.4
7,888.8
1,286.8
126.7
1,090
4,805
9,354
18,030
8,498
3,089
12,828

73,421
60,579
4,504
92
916
3,496
1,846
1,650
56,075
11,126
1,768.9
7,937.1
1,292.1
128.2
1,090
4,815
9,385
18,047
8,517
3,095
12,842

73,504
60,658
4,521
93
915
3,513
1,856
1,657
56,137
11,115
1,774.3
7,917.9
1,293.0
129.8
1,090
4,816
9,404
18,088
8,531
3,093
12,846

49.5
48.1
21.9
13.8
12.5
27.5
23.4
34.2
53.2
40.4
29.5
50.2
24.4
23.0
39.8
56.7
45.0
77.1
52.0
52.8
57.3

49.6
48.1
22.0
12.9
12.8
27.7
23.4
34.7
53.2
40.1
29.6
49.7
24.5
22.9
39.5
56.4
45.2
77.0
52.4
53.0
57.5

49.6
48.2
22.0
12.9
12.8
27.7
23.5
34.8
53.2
40.2
29.7
49.9
24.5
23.1
39.5
56.4
45.2
76.9
52.4
53.1
57.5

49.6
48.2
22.0
12.9
12.8
27.8
23.5
34.9
53.3
40.1
29.7
49.7
24.5
23.2
39.5
56.4
45.2
77.0
52.5
53.1
57.5

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

101,941
14,398
474
5,219
8,705
5,300
3,405
87,543
23,085
4,710.5
13,477.3
4,448.3
448.4
2,264
6,540
16,611
20,235
14,053
4,755

103,392
14,673
522
5,315
8,836
5,385
3,451
88,719
23,338
4,771.0
13,548.1
4,574.3
445.0
2,223
6,607
16,869
20,577
14,286
4,819

103,636
14,750
527
5,368
8,855
5,407
3,448
88,886
23,403
4,781.3
13,597.5
4,579.7
444.6
2,218
6,619
16,915
20,610
14,299
4,822

103,725
14,747
534
5,347
8,866
5,417
3,449
88,978
23,435
4,792.4
13,602.7
4,592.0
447.9
2,219
6,623
16,948
20,632
14,304
4,817

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.6
41.0
45.9
39.3
41.8
42.3
41.0
32.3
33.6
38.8
30.0
38.0
42.6
35.7
36.9
35.4
32.1
24.8
30.7

33.6
41.2
46.1
39.6
41.9
42.2
41.4
32.4
33.9
38.9
30.4
38.3
42.7
35.5
37.0
35.1
32.2
24.9
30.6

33.8
41.6
47.1
39.9
42.3
42.6
41.7
32.5
33.9
38.8
30.3
38.4
42.6
35.8
37.0
35.4
32.3
24.9
30.7

33.7
41.5
46.9
39.9
42.2
42.5
41.6
32.4
34.0
38.9
30.5
38.2
42.7
35.9
37.0
35.3
32.2
24.9
30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.2
4.3
4.0

4.6
4.7
4.4

4.8
4.9
4.6

4.6
4.7
4.5

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$21.89
22.94
27.34
26.44
20.70
21.68
19.14
21.67
19.21
24.52
15.21
21.12
36.37
30.52
26.39
25.85
22.90
13.25
19.86

$22.34
23.59
27.85
27.17
21.27
22.25
19.72
22.08
19.54
24.78
15.51
21.61
36.45
31.19
26.70
26.37
23.40
13.61
20.46

$22.38
23.70
27.79
27.38
21.32
22.26
19.82
22.10
19.53
24.80
15.48
21.62
36.40
31.26
26.70
26.40
23.40
13.62
20.49

$22.42
23.71
27.87
27.34
21.36
22.28
19.88
22.15
19.62
24.84
15.62
21.67
36.70
31.58
26.70
26.45
23.41
13.68
20.47

$735.50
940.54
1,254.91
1,039.09
865.26
917.06
784.74
699.94
645.46
951.38
456.30
802.56
1,549.36
1,089.56
973.79
915.09
735.09
328.60
609.70

$750.62
971.91
1,283.89
1,075.93
891.21
938.95
816.41
715.39
662.41
963.94
471.50
827.66
1,556.42
1,107.25
987.90
925.59
753.48
338.89
626.08

$756.44
985.92
1,308.91
1,092.46
901.84
948.28
826.49
718.25
662.07
962.24
469.04
830.21
1,550.64
1,119.11
987.90
934.56
755.82
339.14
629.04

$755.55
983.97
1,307.10
1,090.87
901.39
946.90
827.01
717.66
667.08
966.28
476.41
827.79
1,567.09
1,133.72
987.90
933.69
753.80
340.63
628.43

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2018 Mar.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114.1
90.2
115.6
102.7
83.5
84.3
82.3
120.4
108.1
107.6
102.3
127.2
97.7
92.3
113.6
131.8
138.5
127.7
102.4

115.7
92.4
127.9
105.4
85.0
85.4
84.2
122.4
110.3
109.3
104.3
131.9
97.2
90.1
115.1
132.7
141.3
130.3
103.4

116.7
93.8
131.9
107.2
86.0
86.6
84.7
123.0
110.6
109.3
104.3
132.4
96.9
90.6
115.3
134.2
141.9
130.4
103.8

116.5
93.5
133.1
106.8
85.9
86.5
84.5
122.8
111.1
109.8
105.0
132.0
97.8
90.9
115.4
134.1
141.6
130.5
103.7

-0.2
-0.3
0.9
-0.4
-0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
0.5
0.5
0.7
-0.3
0.9
0.3
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
-0.1

1

Mar.
2017

Jan.
2018

Feb.
2018p

Mar.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2018 Mar.
2018p

166.9
126.7
183.8
146.6
113.1
114.0
111.3
178.9
148.2
155.5
133.4
170.5
148.3
139.4
184.4
202.7
209.3
192.1
148.1

172.8
133.4
207.1
154.6
118.2
118.6
117.3
185.3
153.7
159.5
138.6
180.8
147.8
139.1
189.0
208.2
218.2
201.4
154.2

174.5
136.1
213.2
158.6
119.9
120.3
118.7
186.4
154.1
159.6
138.4
181.6
147.2
140.2
189.4
210.8
219.2
201.7
155.0

174.5
135.8
215.7
157.7
120.0
120.4
118.8
186.5
155.5
160.6
140.6
181.5
149.8
142.1
189.5
211.0
218.9
202.7
154.7

0.0
-0.2
1.2
-0.6
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.9
0.6
1.6
-0.1
1.8
1.4
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.5
-0.2

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.