Full text of The Employment Situation : March 2017

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, April 7, 2017

USDL-17-0392

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — MARCH 2017
The unemployment rate declined to 4.5 percent in March, and total nonfarm payroll employment
edged up by 98,000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment increased in
professional and business services and in mining, while retail trade lost jobs.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
March 2015 – March 2017

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month
change, seasonally adjusted,
March 2015 – March 2017

Percent

Thousands

450

7.0

400
350

6.0

300
250

5.0

200
150
100
50

4.0

0
-50

3.0
Mar-15 Jun-15

Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16

Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17

Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17

Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate decreased by 0.2 percentage point to 4.5 percent in March, and the number of
unemployed persons declined by 326,000 to 7.2 million. Both measures were down over the year. (See
table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (4.0 percent), Whites (3.9
percent), and Hispanics (5.1 percent) declined in March. The jobless rates for adult men (4.3 percent),
teenagers (13.7 percent), Blacks (8.0 percent), and Asians (3.3 percent) showed little or no change. (See
tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
In March, the number of persons unemployed less than 5 weeks declined by 232,000 to 2.3 million.
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed over the

month at 1.7 million and accounted for 23.3 percent of the unemployed. Over the past 12 months, the
number of long-term unemployed was down by 526,000. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate remained at 63.0 percent in March, and the employmentpopulation ratio, at 60.1 percent, changed little. The employment-population ratio has edged up over
the year, while the labor force participation rate has shown no clear trend. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers), at 5.6 million, was little changed in March but was down by 567,000
over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table
A-8.)
In March, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year
earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 460,000 discouraged workers in March, down by 125,000
from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in March had not searched for work for reasons
such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 98,000 in March, following gains of 219,000 in
February and 216,000 in January. Over the month, employment growth occurred in professional and
business services (+56,000) and in mining (+11,000), while retail trade lost jobs (-30,000). (See table B1.)
In March, employment in professional and business services rose by 56,000, about in line with the
average monthly gain over the prior 12 months. Over the month, job gains occurred in services to
buildings and dwellings (+17,000) and in architectural and engineering services (+7,000).
Mining added 11,000 jobs in March, with most of the gain occurring in support activities for mining
(+9,000). Mining employment has risen by 35,000 since reaching a recent low in October 2016.
In March, employment continued to trend up in health care (+14,000), with job gains in hospitals
(+9,000) and outpatient care centers (+6,000). In the first 3 months of this year, health care added an
average of 20,000 jobs per month, compared with an average monthly gain of 32,000 in 2016.
Employment in financial activities continued to trend up in March (+9,000) and has increased by
178,000 over the past 12 months.
Construction employment changed little in March (+6,000), following a gain of 59,000 in February.
Employment in construction has been trending up since late last summer, largely among specialty trade
contractors and in residential building.
-2-

Retail trade lost 30,000 jobs in March. Employment in general merchandise stores declined by 35,000
in March and has declined by 89,000 since a recent high in October 2016.
Employment in other major industries, including manufacturing, wholesale trade, transportation and
warehousing, information, leisure and hospitality, and government, showed little or no change over
the month.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours in
March. In manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, and overtime edged
down by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees
on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.5 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In March, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents
to $26.14, following a 7-cent increase in February. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by
68 cents, or 2.7 percent. In March, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees increased by 4 cents to $21.90. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for January was revised down from +238,000 to
+216,000, and the change for February was revised down from +235,000 to +219,000. With these
revisions, employment gains in January and February combined were 38,000 less than previously
reported. Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses since the last
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors. Over the past 3 months, job gains
have averaged 178,000 per month.
_____________
The Employment Situation for April is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 5, 2017, at 8:30
a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Change from:
Feb. 2017Mar. 2017

Mar.
2017

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

252,768
159,278
63.0
151,301
59.9
7,977
5.0
93,490

254,082
159,716
62.9
152,081
59.9
7,635
4.8
94,366

254,246
160,056
63.0
152,528
60.0
7,528
4.7
94,190

254,414
160,201
63.0
153,000
60.1
7,202
4.5
94,213

168
145
0.0
472
0.1
-326
-0.2
23

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

5.0
4.6
4.6
15.9
4.3
8.9
4.0
5.6

4.8
4.4
4.4
15.0
4.3
7.7
3.7
5.9

4.7
4.3
4.3
15.0
4.1
8.1
3.4
5.6

4.5
4.3
4.0
13.7
3.9
8.0
3.3
5.1

-0.2
0.0
-0.3
-1.3
-0.2
-0.1
-0.1
-0.5

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

4.2
7.4
5.4
4.1
2.6

3.9
7.7
5.3
3.8
2.5

3.9
7.9
5.0
4.0
2.4

3.8
6.8
4.9
3.7
2.5

-0.1
-1.1
-0.1
-0.3
0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,851
839
2,483
783

3,713
862
2,170
813

3,709
802
2,197
773

3,519
798
2,066
790

-190
-4
-131
17

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,420
2,210
1,167
2,213

2,468
2,089
1,192
1,850

2,566
2,138
1,057
1,801

2,334
2,109
1,115
1,687

-232
-29
58
-114

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

6,120
3,650
2,118
20,430

5,840
3,583
1,944
20,487

5,704
3,574
1,864
20,773

5,553
3,402
1,852
20,723

-151
-172
-12
-50

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,720
585

1,752
532

1,723
522

1,595
460

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

225
189
5
-18
43
-20
-17
0.3
-3
184
1.9
30.7
12.4
-1.3
6
18
26
5.7
35
24.5
49
6
36

216
204
51
5
34
12
10
4.3
2
153
6.4
35.3
-12.9
-0.8
-8
30
59
15.1
17
25.3
15
12
12

219
221
96
11
59
26
8
-5.3
18
125
7.9
-30.9
8.1
-0.8
-4
6
36
8.9
66
36.9
27
10
-2

98
89
28
11
6
11
11
3.0
0
61
-0.4
-29.7
3.5
-0.7
-3
9
56
10.5
16
16.7
9
1
9

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

196
173

178
177

197
192

178
171

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.5
48.0
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.6
48.1
82.4

49.5
48.1
82.4

34.4
$25.46
$875.82
104.9
-0.2
127.7
0.2

34.4
$26.02
$895.09
106.4
0.2
132.3
0.3

34.3
$26.09
$894.89
106.3
-0.1
132.6
0.2

34.3
$26.14
$896.60
106.4
0.1
132.9
0.2

58.4
37.8

59.2
50.6

66.9
67.9

58.0
52.6

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 634,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and
nonsupervisory employees.
Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2012 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

252,768
158,854
62.8
150,738
59.6
8,116
5.1
93,914
5,446

254,246
159,482
62.7
151,594
59.6
7,887
4.9
94,764
5,641

254,414
159,912
62.9
152,628
60.0
7,284
4.6
94,502
5,507

252,768
159,278
63.0
151,301
59.9
7,977
5.0
93,490
5,726

254,540
159,456
62.6
152,048
59.7
7,409
4.6
95,084
5,837

254,742
159,640
62.7
152,111
59.7
7,529
4.7
95,102
5,662

254,082
159,716
62.9
152,081
59.9
7,635
4.8
94,366
5,739

254,246
160,056
63.0
152,528
60.0
7,528
4.7
94,190
5,597

254,414
160,201
63.0
153,000
60.1
7,202
4.5
94,213
5,781

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,112
84,384
69.1
79,884
65.4
4,499
5.3
37,729

122,862
84,589
68.8
80,126
65.2
4,463
5.3
38,273

122,945
84,718
68.9
80,546
65.5
4,172
4.9
38,227

122,112
84,750
69.4
80,517
65.9
4,234
5.0
37,362

122,998
84,860
69.0
80,826
65.7
4,034
4.8
38,139

123,099
84,979
69.0
80,861
65.7
4,118
4.8
38,120

122,781
85,096
69.3
81,013
66.0
4,083
4.8
37,685

122,862
85,194
69.3
81,141
66.0
4,053
4.8
37,668

122,945
85,076
69.2
81,136
66.0
3,940
4.6
37,870

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

113,653
81,659
71.8
77,639
68.3
4,020
4.9
31,995

114,375
81,782
71.5
77,781
68.0
4,002
4.9
32,592

114,455
81,924
71.6
78,172
68.3
3,752
4.6
32,531

113,653
81,800
72.0
78,066
68.7
3,734
4.6
31,854

114,506
81,817
71.5
78,330
68.4
3,486
4.3
32,690

114,603
81,983
71.5
78,379
68.4
3,605
4.4
32,620

114,297
82,113
71.8
78,503
68.7
3,609
4.4
32,184

114,375
82,138
71.8
78,573
68.7
3,564
4.3
32,237

114,455
82,046
71.7
78,556
68.6
3,491
4.3
32,409

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130,656
74,470
57.0
70,854
54.2
3,617
4.9
56,185

131,384
74,893
57.0
71,469
54.4
3,424
4.6
56,491

131,469
75,194
57.2
72,082
54.8
3,112
4.1
56,275

130,656
74,527
57.0
70,784
54.2
3,743
5.0
56,128

131,542
74,597
56.7
71,222
54.1
3,375
4.5
56,945

131,643
74,661
56.7
71,250
54.1
3,411
4.6
56,982

131,301
74,621
56.8
71,069
54.1
3,552
4.8
56,681

131,384
74,862
57.0
71,388
54.3
3,475
4.6
56,521

131,469
75,126
57.1
71,863
54.7
3,262
4.3
56,343

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,433
71,700
58.6
68,451
55.9
3,248
4.5
50,733

123,131
72,230
58.7
69,157
56.2
3,072
4.3
50,901

123,212
72,354
58.7
69,559
56.5
2,795
3.9
50,858

122,433
71,617
58.5
68,303
55.8
3,314
4.6
50,815

123,285
71,737
58.2
68,712
55.7
3,025
4.2
51,548

123,383
71,831
58.2
68,760
55.7
3,071
4.3
51,552

123,052
71,686
58.3
68,550
55.7
3,136
4.4
51,366

123,131
72,011
58.5
68,932
56.0
3,079
4.3
51,119

123,212
72,160
58.6
69,271
56.2
2,890
4.0
51,052

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,682
5,496
32.9
4,648
27.9
848
15.4
11,186

16,740
5,470
32.7
4,657
27.8
813
14.9
11,271

16,747
5,634
33.6
4,897
29.2
737
13.1
11,113

16,682
5,861
35.1
4,931
29.6
929
15.9
10,821

16,749
5,903
35.2
5,006
29.9
897
15.2
10,846

16,756
5,826
34.8
4,972
29.7
854
14.7
10,930

16,734
5,917
35.4
5,028
30.0
890
15.0
10,816

16,740
5,907
35.3
5,023
30.0
884
15.0
10,833

16,747
5,995
35.8
5,173
30.9
822
13.7
10,752

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

197,809
124,663
63.0
119,137
60.2
5,526
4.4
73,146

198,525
124,419
62.7
118,991
59.9
5,428
4.4
74,106

198,604
124,804
62.8
119,831
60.3
4,974
4.0
73,799

197,809
124,985
63.2
119,624
60.5
5,361
4.3
72,825

198,745
124,578
62.7
119,370
60.1
5,208
4.2
74,168

198,845
124,616
62.7
119,263
60.0
5,354
4.3
74,229

198,453
124,675
62.8
119,311
60.1
5,364
4.3
73,778

198,525
124,856
62.9
119,740
60.3
5,116
4.1
73,669

198,604
125,046
63.0
120,180
60.5
4,866
3.9
73,557

65,175
72.1
62,355
69.0
2,820
4.3

65,089
71.7
62,255
68.6
2,833
4.4

65,125
71.7
62,548
68.9
2,576
4.0

65,276
72.2
62,707
69.4
2,568
3.9

65,124
71.7
62,608
68.9
2,516
3.9

65,146
71.7
62,476
68.7
2,669
4.1

65,345
72.1
62,730
69.2
2,615
4.0

65,362
72.0
62,877
69.3
2,485
3.8

65,219
71.9
62,850
69.2
2,369
3.6

55,192
58.0
53,087
55.8
2,105
3.8

55,179
57.8
53,138
55.7
2,040
3.7

55,297
57.9
53,413
55.9
1,883
3.4

55,125
58.0
52,972
55.7
2,153
3.9

54,808
57.4
52,783
55.2
2,026
3.7

54,872
57.4
52,813
55.2
2,059
3.8

54,798
57.4
52,646
55.2
2,152
3.9

54,988
57.6
52,949
55.5
2,039
3.7

55,153
57.8
53,211
55.7
1,942
3.5

4,296
34.8
3,695
30.0
601
14.0

4,151
33.6
3,597
29.2
554
13.4

4,383
35.5
3,869
31.3
514
11.7

4,584
37.2
3,944
32.0
640
14.0

4,645
37.6
3,979
32.2
666
14.3

4,599
37.2
3,974
32.2
625
13.6

4,531
36.7
3,934
31.9
597
13.2

4,505
36.5
3,913
31.7
592
13.1

4,674
37.9
4,119
33.4
555
11.9

31,753
19,421
61.2
17,670
55.6
1,751
9.0
12,332

32,095
19,858
61.9
18,215
56.8
1,642
8.3
12,238

32,128
19,898
61.9
18,296
56.9
1,602
8.1
12,229

31,753
19,503
61.4
17,764
55.9
1,739
8.9
12,250

32,068
19,856
61.9
18,262
56.9
1,594
8.0
12,212

32,105
19,844
61.8
18,292
57.0
1,552
7.8
12,261

32,063
19,993
62.4
18,445
57.5
1,548
7.7
12,070

32,095
19,998
62.3
18,378
57.3
1,620
8.1
12,097

32,128
20,002
62.3
18,409
57.3
1,593
8.0
12,126

8,871
67.1
8,063
61.0
809
9.1

9,001
67.2
8,232
61.5
769
8.5

9,116
68.0
8,313
62.0
803
8.8

8,885
67.2
8,119
61.4
766
8.6

9,018
67.5
8,328
62.3
691
7.7

9,056
67.7
8,366
62.5
690
7.6

9,106
68.1
8,437
63.1
669
7.3

9,081
67.8
8,369
62.5
713
7.8

9,132
68.1
8,384
62.6
747
8.2

9,842
61.4
9,062
56.5
781
7.9

10,150
62.7
9,429
58.2
721
7.1

10,143
62.6
9,483
58.5
661
6.5

9,860
61.5
9,080
56.6
780
7.9

10,135
62.6
9,418
58.2
716
7.1

10,094
62.3
9,410
58.1
683
6.8

10,124
62.6
9,450
58.4
673
6.7

10,162
62.7
9,438
58.3
724
7.1

10,173
62.7
9,497
58.6
676
6.6

708
28.3
546
21.8
162
22.9

706
28.1
554
22.0
153
21.6

639
25.4
500
19.9
139
21.7

758
30.3
565
22.6
193
25.4

703
27.9
516
20.5
187
26.6

694
27.6
515
20.5
178
25.7

764
30.4
558
22.2
205
26.9

754
30.0
571
22.7
183
24.3

697
27.7
528
21.0
169
24.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Mar.
2016
14,911
9,478
63.6
9,112
61.1
366
3.9
5,433

Feb.
2017
15,228
9,731
63.9
9,387
61.6
344
3.5
5,497

Mar.
2017
15,285
9,668
63.3
9,358
61.2
310
3.2
5,616

Mar.
2016
14,911
9,434
63.3
9,061
60.8
373
4.0
5,477

Nov.
2016
15,323
9,634
62.9
9,342
61.0
292
3.0
5,690

Dec.
2016
15,433
9,678
62.7
9,423
61.1
256
2.6
5,755

Jan.
2017
15,157
9,641
63.6
9,281
61.2
360
3.7
5,517

Feb.
2017
15,228
9,709
63.8
9,377
61.6
332
3.4
5,519

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Mar.
2017
15,285
9,635
63.0
9,318
61.0
317
3.3
5,650

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

40,386
26,709
66.1
25,183
62.4
1,526
5.7
13,677

41,003
27,153
66.2
25,527
62.3
1,626
6.0
13,850

41,081
27,354
66.6
25,929
63.1
1,425
5.2
13,727

40,386
26,772
66.3
25,279
62.6
1,493
5.6
13,613

41,102
26,990
65.7
25,448
61.9
1,541
5.7
14,113

41,190
27,079
65.7
25,486
61.9
1,594
5.9
14,111

40,922
27,044
66.1
25,453
62.2
1,590
5.9
13,879

41,003
27,251
66.5
25,727
62.7
1,523
5.6
13,753

41,081
27,387
66.7
25,986
63.3
1,402
5.1
13,694

14,759
81.1
13,995
76.9
764
5.2

14,879
80.6
14,081
76.3
798
5.4

14,929
80.7
14,217
76.9
712
4.8

14,793
81.3
14,081
77.3
712
4.8

14,881
80.3
14,113
76.2
768
5.2

14,821
79.8
14,102
75.9
720
4.9

14,898
80.9
14,187
77.0
711
4.8

14,938
80.9
14,253
77.2
685
4.6

14,957
80.9
14,291
77.3
666
4.5

10,836
58.8
10,226
55.5
610
5.6

11,135
59.5
10,501
56.1
635
5.7

11,165
59.5
10,631
56.7
534
4.8

10,808
58.7
10,210
55.4
598
5.5

10,971
58.5
10,411
55.5
560
5.1

11,083
58.9
10,424
55.4
659
5.9

11,028
59.0
10,336
55.3
692
6.3

11,119
59.4
10,494
56.0
625
5.6

11,127
59.3
10,600
56.5
527
4.7

1,115
29.7
962
25.6
153
13.7

1,139
29.9
946
24.8
193
17.0

1,260
33.0
1,081
28.3
179
14.2

1,171
31.2
988
26.3
183
15.6

1,138
29.9
924
24.3
214
18.8

1,175
30.8
960
25.2
215
18.3

1,117
29.3
930
24.4
187
16.7

1,193
31.3
980
25.7
214
17.9

1,304
34.1
1,095
28.6
209
16.0

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,817
46.4
9,926
42.6
891
8.2

9,926
44.7
9,030
40.7
896
9.0

10,143
45.1
9,375
41.7
768
7.6

10,773
46.2
9,977
42.8
797
7.4

10,587
45.1
9,753
41.5
834
7.9

10,483
45.0
9,660
41.4
823
7.9

10,533
45.3
9,725
41.8
808
7.7

10,229
46.1
9,424
42.5
806
7.9

10,139
45.1
9,450
42.1
689
6.8

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,654
57.5
33,599
54.2
2,055
5.8

35,768
57.8
33,825
54.6
1,943
5.4

36,227
58.0
34,324
54.9
1,903
5.3

35,655
57.5
33,738
54.4
1,918
5.4

35,833
57.7
34,068
54.9
1,765
4.9

35,661
57.7
33,860
54.8
1,801
5.1

35,443
57.9
33,580
54.9
1,863
5.3

35,853
57.9
34,078
55.0
1,776
5.0

36,092
57.8
34,315
54.9
1,778
4.9

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,929
66.3
36,309
63.4
1,620
4.3

37,837
66.0
36,193
63.1
1,644
4.3

37,881
66.2
36,442
63.6
1,439
3.8

37,891
66.2
36,323
63.5
1,568
4.1

38,189
66.4
36,702
63.8
1,486
3.9

38,244
66.1
36,773
63.6
1,472
3.8

38,007
65.7
36,563
63.2
1,444
3.8

37,754
65.8
36,245
63.2
1,509
4.0

37,851
66.1
36,454
63.7
1,397
3.7

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

53,715
74.9
52,323
73.0
1,391
2.6

55,254
74.1
53,943
72.3
1,311
2.4

54,905
74.2
53,573
72.4
1,332
2.4

53,489
74.6
52,078
72.6
1,411
2.6

53,899
73.7
52,656
72.0
1,243
2.3

54,032
73.6
52,699
71.7
1,333
2.5

54,271
73.8
52,925
72.0
1,346
2.5

54,804
73.5
53,498
71.8
1,306
2.4

54,653
73.9
53,308
72.0
1,345
2.5

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Mar.
2016

Men
Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Women
Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,982
10,570
50.4
10,095
48.1
475
4.5
10,412

20,635
10,270
49.8
9,865
47.8
405
3.9
10,365

18,973
9,305
49.0
8,887
46.8
419
4.5
9,668

18,609
9,067
48.7
8,728
46.9
339
3.7
9,542

2,009
1,265
62.9
1,208
60.1
57
4.5
744

2,026
1,203
59.4
1,137
56.1
66
5.5
823

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,783
3,039
80.3
2,848
75.3
191
6.3
744

4,008
3,183
79.4
3,022
75.4
160
5.0
825

3,141
2,556
81.4
2,392
76.2
165
6.4
584

3,357
2,746
81.8
2,620
78.1
126
4.6
611

642
483
75.2
456
71.1
26
5.4
160

651
437
67.1
402
61.8
35
7.9
214

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,404
2,778
81.6
2,688
79.0
90
3.2
626

3,393
2,723
80.3
2,623
77.3
101
3.7
670

2,858
2,363
82.7
2,288
80.0
75
3.2
495

2,822
2,285
81.0
2,202
78.0
83
3.6
537

546
415
76.0
400
73.3
15
3.5
131

571
438
76.7
421
73.7
17
4.0
133

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,606
2,161
25.1
2,076
24.1
85
3.9
6,445

8,162
1,887
23.1
1,812
22.2
75
4.0
6,275

8,298
2,100
25.3
2,015
24.3
85
4.0
6,198

7,867
1,841
23.4
1,766
22.5
74
4.0
6,026

308
61
19.7
61
19.7
0
–
247

295
46
15.8
45
15.4
1
–
249

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,189
2,592
50.0
2,483
47.8
110
4.2
2,597

5,072
2,477
48.8
2,408
47.5
69
2.8
2,595

4,676
2,286
48.9
2,192
46.9
94
4.1
2,390

4,563
2,195
48.1
2,140
46.9
56
2.5
2,368

513
306
59.7
290
56.6
16
5.2
207

509
282
55.3
268
52.7
13
4.7
227

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

222,857
146,417
65.7
139,128
62.4
7,289
5.0
76,440

224,847
147,565
65.6
141,040
62.7
6,525
4.4
77,282

98,685
74,219
75.2
70,344
71.3
3,875
5.2
24,466

99,825
74,648
74.8
71,003
71.1
3,644
4.9
25,178

124,172
72,198
58.1
68,785
55.4
3,414
4.7
51,974

125,021
72,918
58.3
70,037
56.0
2,881
4.0
52,104

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

Persons with no disability
Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

29,661
5,907
19.9
5,269
17.8
638
10.8
23,754

30,611
6,252
20.4
5,589
18.3
663
10.6
24,359

223,107
152,948
68.6
145,469
65.2
7,479
4.9
70,160

223,803
153,661
68.7
147,039
65.7
6,621
4.3
70,143

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,561
33.7
2,233
29.4
328
12.8
5,039

2,730
34.8
2,430
30.9
300
11.0
5,124

76,673
82.2
72,689
77.9
3,984
5.2
16,593

76,681
82.3
73,011
78.4
3,670
4.8
16,474

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,295
28.4
2,049
25.4
245
10.7
5,773

2,388
29.8
2,102
26.3
286
12.0
5,617

68,062
70.7
64,842
67.3
3,220
4.7
28,248

68,549
71.2
65,919
68.4
2,630
3.8
27,789

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,051
7.5
987
7.0
65
6.2
12,943

1,134
7.7
1,057
7.2
77
6.8
13,618

8,212
24.5
7,938
23.7
275
3.3
25,318

8,431
24.6
8,109
23.6
321
3.8
25,880

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Mar.
2016

Men
Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Women
Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

41,148
27,029
65.7
25,741
62.6
1,288
4.8
14,119

41,204
27,062
65.7
25,857
62.8
1,205
4.5
14,142

20,028
15,596
77.9
14,938
74.6
658
4.2
4,432

20,024
15,527
77.5
14,859
74.2
668
4.3
4,497

21,119
11,432
54.1
10,803
51.2
630
5.5
9,687

21,180
11,535
54.5
10,998
51.9
537
4.7
9,645

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

211,620
131,825
62.3
124,997
59.1
6,828
5.2
79,795

213,210
132,850
62.3
126,771
59.5
6,079
4.6
80,360

102,084
68,787
67.4
64,946
63.6
3,841
5.6
33,297

102,921
69,191
67.2
65,686
63.8
3,504
5.1
33,730

109,536
63,038
57.5
60,051
54.8
2,987
4.7
46,498

110,289
63,659
57.7
61,084
55.4
2,575
4.0
46,629

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

2,491
1,535
933
23
148,247
139,398
20,911
118,487
629
117,858
8,791
58

2,262
1,424
820
18
149,332
140,572
21,295
119,277
689
118,588
8,709
52

2,441
1,552
857
31
150,187
141,495
21,247
120,248
698
119,550
8,640
53

2,582
1,645
935
–
148,543
139,630
20,520
119,218
–
118,574
8,848
–

2,431
1,559
833
–
149,752
140,968
20,938
120,016
–
119,290
8,716
–

2,356
1,470
857
–
149,811
140,773
20,865
119,916
–
119,206
8,991
–

2,418
1,633
795
–
149,582
140,952
20,796
120,189
–
119,467
8,552
–

2,458
1,603
841
–
150,026
141,101
20,843
120,258
–
119,535
8,826
–

2,499
1,647
853
–
150,429
141,663
20,858
120,904
–
120,148
8,707
–

6,138
3,656
2,199
20,824

5,773
3,704
1,820
21,498

5,552
3,407
1,920
21,042

6,120
3,650
2,118
20,430

5,659
3,485
1,902
21,059

5,598
3,401
1,873
21,251

5,840
3,583
1,944
20,487

5,704
3,574
1,864
20,773

5,553
3,402
1,852
20,723

6,032
3,588
2,182
20,463

5,700
3,659
1,811
21,184

5,498
3,383
1,901
20,667

6,023
3,607
2,116
20,067

5,550
3,424
1,870
20,696

5,476
3,310
1,862
20,818

5,769
3,535
1,947
20,136

5,637
3,540
1,853
20,445

5,502
3,386
1,842
20,396

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

150,738
4,648
1,515
3,133
146,090
13,932
132,158
97,866
33,421
31,560
32,884
34,292

151,594
4,657
1,576
3,080
146,938
13,947
132,991
98,070
34,216
31,448
32,406
34,920

152,628
4,897
1,723
3,174
147,731
14,017
133,714
98,507
34,376
31,584
32,547
35,207

151,301
4,931
1,692
3,238
146,369
14,140
132,153
97,953
33,537
31,557
32,860
34,200

152,048
5,006
1,682
3,318
147,042
14,000
133,166
98,453
33,952
31,741
32,760
34,713

152,111
4,972
1,723
3,253
147,139
14,071
133,065
98,495
34,185
31,611
32,698
34,570

152,081
5,028
1,813
3,219
147,054
14,070
132,956
98,190
34,136
31,553
32,502
34,765

152,528
5,023
1,779
3,252
147,505
14,181
133,252
98,371
34,247
31,614
32,511
34,880

153,000
5,173
1,904
3,269
147,826
14,198
133,639
98,557
34,460
31,592
32,506
35,081

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

79,884
2,245
654
1,592
77,639
7,145
70,494
52,343
18,102
16,937
17,303
18,151

80,126
2,345
770
1,576
77,781
7,045
70,736
52,241
18,262
16,906
17,073
18,495

80,546
2,374
815
1,559
78,172
7,123
71,049
52,407
18,346
17,005
17,056
18,642

80,517
2,451
777
1,666
78,066
7,267
70,781
52,584
18,219
17,020
17,345
18,197

80,826
2,495
769
1,728
78,330
7,206
71,186
52,700
18,228
17,137
17,334
18,486

80,861
2,482
786
1,699
78,379
7,246
71,114
52,737
18,374
17,054
17,309
18,377

81,013
2,509
871
1,641
78,503
7,302
71,202
52,705
18,472
17,048
17,185
18,497

81,141
2,567
895
1,677
78,573
7,223
71,299
52,687
18,408
17,072
17,206
18,612

81,136
2,581
947
1,636
78,556
7,241
71,315
52,640
18,445
17,086
17,108
18,675

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70,854
2,402
861
1,541
68,451
6,787
61,664
45,523
15,319
14,623
15,582
16,141

71,469
2,311
807
1,505
69,157
6,903
62,255
45,829
15,954
14,542
15,333
16,426

72,082
2,523
909
1,615
69,559
6,894
62,665
46,100
16,031
14,578
15,491
16,565

70,784
2,481
915
1,572
68,303
6,872
61,372
45,369
15,318
14,537
15,514
16,003

71,222
2,510
914
1,590
68,712
6,794
61,981
45,753
15,724
14,603
15,426
16,227

71,250
2,490
938
1,554
68,760
6,825
61,951
45,758
15,812
14,557
15,389
16,193

71,069
2,518
942
1,578
68,550
6,767
61,754
45,485
15,664
14,505
15,317
16,269

71,388
2,456
884
1,574
68,932
6,957
61,953
45,685
15,838
14,541
15,305
16,268

71,863
2,593
956
1,633
69,271
6,958
62,324
45,918
16,014
14,505
15,398
16,406

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,153
35,626
9,744

45,729
35,891
9,685

45,858
36,288
9,618

45,279
35,397
–

45,268
35,342
–

45,252
35,478
–

45,593
35,402
–

46,017
35,640
–

45,907
35,992
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122,522
28,216

123,610
27,985

124,566
28,062

123,513
27,760

124,213
27,854

124,248
27,895

124,705
27,405

125,031
27,554

125,507
27,603

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,592
5.0

7,980
5.3

8,137
5.3

7,457
4.9

7,812
5.1

7,554
5.0

7,562
5.0

7,822
5.1

7,960
5.2

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,567
9,724

5,681
9,529

5,740
9,497

–
9,784

–
9,549

–
9,848

–
9,347

–
9,667

–
9,560

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,977
929
409
530
7,047
1,300
5,730
4,328
1,828
1,264
1,236
1,392

7,528
884
390
509
6,643
1,232
5,398
4,159
1,726
1,353
1,080
1,235

7,202
822
400
412
6,380
1,122
5,256
4,020
1,642
1,289
1,089
1,224

5.0
15.9
19.5
14.1
4.6
8.4
4.2
4.2
5.2
3.9
3.6
3.9

4.6
15.2
18.1
14.2
4.2
8.1
3.9
4.0
4.8
3.5
3.5
3.5

4.7
14.7
17.6
13.1
4.3
8.2
3.9
4.0
4.7
4.0
3.3
3.6

4.8
15.0
16.0
14.5
4.4
8.3
3.9
4.1
4.9
3.9
3.3
3.5

4.7
15.0
18.0
13.5
4.3
8.0
3.9
4.1
4.8
4.1
3.2
3.4

4.5
13.7
17.4
11.2
4.1
7.3
3.8
3.9
4.5
3.9
3.2
3.4

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,234
500
230
282
3,734
732
2,988
2,243
961
631
651
745

4,053
489
192
303
3,564
751
2,802
2,157
960
669
528
645

3,940
449
203
240
3,491
676
2,805
2,151
931
666
554
654

5.0
17.0
22.8
14.5
4.6
9.1
4.1
4.1
5.0
3.6
3.6
3.9

4.8
18.0
23.3
16.1
4.3
9.1
3.8
3.9
4.8
3.5
3.3
3.6

4.8
17.1
21.1
14.8
4.4
9.2
3.9
3.9
4.7
3.8
3.2
3.7

4.8
15.9
17.2
15.1
4.4
9.3
3.8
4.0
4.9
3.9
3.1
3.3

4.8
16.0
17.7
15.3
4.3
9.4
3.8
3.9
5.0
3.8
3.0
3.4

4.6
14.8
17.7
12.8
4.3
8.5
3.8
3.9
4.8
3.8
3.1
3.4

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,743
429
179
248
3,314
569
2,742
2,085
867
632
585
635

3,475
396
198
206
3,079
481
2,595
2,002
766
684
552
588

3,262
372
196
172
2,890
446
2,451
1,869
711
623
536
567

5.0
14.7
16.3
13.6
4.6
7.6
4.3
4.4
5.4
4.2
3.6
3.8

4.5
12.2
13.1
12.1
4.2
7.0
3.9
4.0
4.8
3.6
3.7
3.4

4.6
12.0
14.4
11.1
4.3
7.0
3.9
4.1
4.7
4.1
3.5
3.6

4.8
14.2
14.8
13.8
4.4
7.1
4.0
4.2
5.0
4.1
3.5
3.6

4.6
13.9
18.3
11.6
4.3
6.5
4.0
4.2
4.6
4.5
3.5
3.5

4.3
12.6
17.0
9.6
4.0
6.0
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.1
3.4
3.3

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,347
1,136
713

1,234
1,122
671

1,228
1,043
557

2.9
3.1
6.8

2.7
2.7
6.2

2.7
2.9
5.8

2.7
3.1
6.3

2.6
3.1
6.5

2.6
2.8
5.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,597
1,388

6,035
1,471

5,760
1,414

5.1
4.8

4.7
4.5

4.7
4.9

4.8
4.8

4.6
5.1

4.4
4.9

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

4,149
1,106
3,044
2,153
891
829
2,450
688

4,184
1,307
2,877
2,118
759
803
2,220
681

3,812
1,125
2,686
1,880
806
778
2,004
691

3,851
928
2,923
2,082
842
839
2,483
783

3,542
896
2,646
1,903
743
934
2,266
728

3,639
1,033
2,606
1,902
704
905
2,219
783

3,713
1,062
2,651
1,981
670
862
2,170
813

3,709
979
2,730
2,042
688
802
2,197
773

3,519
953
2,567
1,819
748
798
2,066
790

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

51.1
13.6
37.5
10.2
30.2
8.5

53.0
16.6
36.5
10.2
28.1
8.6

52.3
15.5
36.9
10.7
27.5
9.5

48.4
11.7
36.7
10.5
31.2
9.8

47.4
12.0
35.4
12.5
30.3
9.7

48.2
13.7
34.5
12.0
29.4
10.4

49.1
14.0
35.1
11.4
28.7
10.8

49.6
13.1
36.5
10.7
29.4
10.3

49.1
13.3
35.8
11.1
28.8
11.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.6
0.5
1.5
0.4

2.6
0.5
1.4
0.4

2.4
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.4
0.5
1.6
0.5

2.2
0.6
1.4
0.5

2.3
0.6
1.4
0.5

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.5

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,083
2,382
3,651
1,346
2,305

2,327
2,522
3,038
1,160
1,878

2,000
2,269
3,016
1,255
1,761

2,420
2,210
3,380
1,167
2,213

2,415
2,133
2,929
1,073
1,856

2,379
2,156
3,030
1,199
1,831

2,468
2,089
3,043
1,192
1,850

2,566
2,138
2,858
1,057
1,801

2,334
2,109
2,802
1,115
1,687

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29.1
12.7

25.1
10.3

26.1
11.6

28.3
11.4

26.2
10.2

26.0
10.3

25.1
10.2

25.1
10.0

25.3
10.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

25.7
29.3
45.0
16.6
28.4

29.5
32.0
38.5
14.7
23.8

27.5
31.1
41.4
17.2
24.2

30.2
27.6
42.2
14.6
27.6

32.3
28.5
39.2
14.4
24.8

31.4
28.5
40.0
15.8
24.2

32.5
27.5
40.0
15.7
24.4

33.9
28.3
37.8
14.0
23.8

32.2
29.1
38.7
15.4
23.3

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployed

Unemployment
rates

Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

150,738
60,080

152,628
61,156

8,116
1,477

7,284
1,265

5.1
2.4

4.6
2.0

25,220
34,860
25,643
33,445
15,963
17,482

25,418
35,738
26,358
33,385
15,858
17,527

642
835
1,797
1,710
726
983

622
644
1,597
1,444
640
803

2.5
2.3
6.5
4.9
4.4
5.3

2.4
1.8
5.7
4.1
3.9
4.4

13,482
1,043
7,564
4,875

13,877
1,186
7,548
5,142

1,237
153
807
277

1,156
131
831
194

8.4
12.8
9.6
5.4

7.7
9.9
9.9
3.6

18,088
8,864
9,224

17,852
8,378
9,474

1,169
558
611

1,099
472
627

6.1
5.9
6.2

5.8
5.3
6.2

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

8,116
6,187
87
768
669
398
271
1,031
262
124
294
910
788
981
273
176
656
409

7,284
5,733
30
764
614
420
194
985
284
108
235
904
666
883
260
126
393
341

5.1
5.0
9.8
8.7
4.3
4.0
4.6
5.1
3.9
4.4
3.0
5.5
3.4
7.2
4.3
10.7
3.0
4.0

4.6
4.6
4.1
8.4
3.9
4.2
3.4
4.8
4.3
4.0
2.3
5.5
2.8
6.3
3.9
7.7
1.8
3.4

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2016

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Nov.
2016

Dec.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017

Mar.
2017

2.3

1.9

1.9

2.1

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.4

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.3

2.2

5.1

4.9

4.6

5.0

4.6

4.7

4.8

4.7

4.5

5.5

5.3

4.8

5.4

5.0

5.0

5.1

5.0

4.8

6.1

6.0

5.5

6.0

5.8

5.7

5.8

5.7

5.4

9.9

9.5

8.9

9.8

9.3

9.2

9.4

9.2

8.9

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Mar.
2016

Men
Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Women
Mar.
2017

Mar.
2016

Mar.
2017

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

93,914
5,446
1,720
585
1,135

94,502
5,507
1,595
460
1,135

37,729
2,451
903
361
542

38,227
2,613
804
246
558

56,185
2,995
816
224
592

56,275
2,894
791
214
578

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,592
5.0
4,254
2,051
281
976

8,137
5.3
4,566
2,144
297
1,079

3,730
4.7
2,337
715
187
473

4,093
5.1
2,467
800
172
635

3,862
5.5
1,917
1,336
93
503

4,044
5.6
2,099
1,344
124
444

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

142,814
120,262
19,371

143,273
121,104
19,340

144,279
121,665
19,453

144,949
122,258
19,599

143,673
121,507
19,752

145,541
123,230
19,845

145,760
123,451
19,941

145,858
123,540
19,969

Change
from:
Feb.2017 Mar.2017p
98
89
28

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

681
50.4
630.1
181.8
178.5
52.1
38.8

662
48.7
613.2
176.0
177.2
50.2
38.9

672
50.3
622.0
176.9
177.2
50.0
39.0

684
49.0
634.5
179.8
179.4
50.2
39.1

692
52.3
639.8
183.1
183.5
52.1
39.1

673
50.4
622.7
177.1
183.5
50.0
39.0

684
51.6
632.7
178.9
183.5
50.2
39.1

695
50.8
644.0
180.7
184.2
50.3
39.3

11
-0.8
11.3
1.8
0.7
0.1
0.2

87.6
269.8

88.1
260.0

88.2
267.9

90.1
275.3

92.4
273.2

94.5
262.1

94.1
270.3

94.5
279.1

0.4
8.8

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

6,402
1,440.4
696.3
744.1
879.5
4,081.6
1,771.1
2,310.5

6,415
1,460.2
730.6
729.6
825.9
4,128.9
1,814.4
2,314.5

6,479
1,467.2
736.1
731.1
855.2
4,156.5
1,824.0
2,332.5

6,586
1,478.9
738.9
740.0
886.6
4,220.6
1,847.9
2,372.7

6,705
1,488.1
724.3
763.8
958.8
4,258.5
1,855.7
2,402.8

6,817
1,514.9
762.0
752.9
941.2
4,360.9
1,920.1
2,440.8

6,876
1,524.0
768.5
755.5
958.3
4,393.5
1,931.7
2,461.8

6,882
1,524.9
767.5
757.4
962.4
4,394.2
1,925.1
2,469.1

6
0.9
-1.0
1.9
4.1
0.7
-6.6
7.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,288

12,263

12,302

12,329

12,355

12,355

12,381

12,392

11

7,710
385.6
397.1
379.8
1,425.4
1,086.8
1,050.3
164.3
86.1

7,677
393.2
398.9
377.7
1,417.8
1,075.1
1,032.7
160.5
84.1

7,688
391.8
401.5
378.3
1,422.1
1,082.0
1,032.3
160.2
84.0

7,714
393.9
408.0
379.3
1,427.1
1,080.8
1,034.5
160.5
84.5

7,736
391.1
407.2
379.8
1,429.5
1,088.1
1,052.8
165.0
86.3

7,718
397.1
414.4
376.8
1,423.1
1,076.3
1,036.1
161.9
84.4

7,726
398.2
417.0
378.1
1,425.8
1,082.6
1,035.9
161.5
84.5

7,737
399.1
418.3
379.0
1,431.3
1,080.0
1,036.6
161.2
84.6

11
0.9
1.3
0.9
5.5
-2.6
0.7
-0.3
0.1

368.6
395.9

358.2
395.7

358.2
396.1

359.7
396.2

369.7
396.3

358.8
396.6

359.3
396.7

360.6
396.4

1.3
-0.3

35.4
383.3
1,625.9
938.6
388.7

34.2
383.2
1,618.8
943.5
392.6

33.8
383.9
1,614.2
940.2
391.9

33.6
385.4
1,622.5
948.2
390.4

35.5
384.5
1,623.2
935.1
389.8

34.3
384.6
1,624.6
946.7
393.7

33.9
385.6
1,617.0
941.4
392.8

33.8
386.5
1,620.0
944.4
391.3

-0.1
0.9
3.0
3.0
-1.5

586.8

587.1

589.8

592.2

590.3

591.7

593.3

595.3

2.0

4,578
1,517.6
115.0
115.4
132.6
370.6
448.5
109.0
809.9
698.4

4,586
1,549.6
111.7
111.7
125.5
367.9
438.9
107.0
808.0
693.2

4,614
1,564.7
111.5
111.2
126.7
368.7
437.7
106.2
811.8
698.9

4,615
1,559.3
111.5
110.8
125.0
368.4
439.0
107.3
815.1
701.1

4,619
1,541.9
114.9
116.4
132.5
372.7
449.5
111.8
810.7
699.5

4,637
1,572.1
111.9
112.9
127.1
368.6
441.2
110.3
811.5
699.1

4,655
1,583.1
111.7
112.5
126.5
369.8
440.8
109.9
814.2
701.1

4,655
1,581.8
111.4
111.7
125.5
370.1
439.9
110.4
815.4
702.1

0
-1.3
-0.3
-0.8
-1.0
0.3
-0.9
0.5
1.2
1.0

260.9

272.9

276.1

277.7

269.5

282.0

285.2

287.0

1.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100,891

101,764

102,212

102,659

101,755

103,385

103,510

103,571

61

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26,855

27,241

26,998

27,025

27,167

27,402

27,386

27,359

-27

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,828.4
2,918.4
2,017.3

5,847.8
2,916.0
2,033.1

5,862.4
2,922.5
2,037.2

5,874.3
2,930.9
2,045.4

5,855.9
2,928.4
2,031.8

5,894.8
2,934.6
2,056.4

5,902.7
2,938.5
2,057.8

5,902.3
2,940.4
2,061.0

-0.4
1.9
3.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2017p

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Change
from:
Feb.2017 Mar.2017p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

892.7

898.7

902.7

898.0

895.7

903.8

906.4

900.9

-5.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,570.5
1,962.4
1,269.8
145.9
546.7
464.7
520.7

15,835.0
1,984.4
1,290.9
142.2
551.3
489.7
528.9

15,607.2
1,989.6
1,292.4
146.5
550.7
484.1
508.8

15,618.1
1,999.5
1,297.1
150.6
551.8
480.0
509.2

15,797.2
1,973.3
1,274.4
149.8
549.2
472.1
527.5

15,916.3
2,006.6
1,298.1
153.1
555.3
484.7
518.0

15,885.4
2,010.4
1,300.6
154.8
554.9
485.3
512.6

15,855.7
2,010.1
1,301.6
154.2
554.3
486.1
516.5

-29.7
-0.3
1.0
-0.6
-0.6
0.8
3.9

1,265.8
3,049.2
1,038.5
909.5
1,304.5

1,218.5
3,077.3
1,069.3
922.0
1,368.4

1,233.8
3,064.5
1,059.1
923.8
1,305.3

1,288.4
3,063.4
1,053.3
926.8
1,301.8

1,269.2
3,082.8
1,045.0
921.4
1,358.2

1,285.4
3,098.7
1,065.5
935.7
1,362.5

1,285.9
3,098.1
1,063.6
937.8
1,357.6

1,291.2
3,099.9
1,059.5
938.7
1,351.8

5.3
1.8
-4.1
0.9
-5.8

610.1
3,119.2
1,280.8
1,838.4
804.1
521.8

622.0
3,194.8
1,316.0
1,878.8
808.6
551.1

591.0
3,081.9
1,254.7
1,827.2
817.0
548.3

581.3
3,057.1
1,239.9
1,817.2
811.1
546.2

625.7
3,159.8
1,311.3
1,848.5
829.9
532.3

611.3
3,167.4
1,291.7
1,875.7
830.3
550.2

602.7
3,144.0
1,285.0
1,859.0
833.9
553.5

600.8
3,109.3
1,272.4
1,836.9
836.1
555.7

-1.9
-34.7
-12.6
-22.1
2.2
2.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,901.5
469.6
215.8
63.9
1,424.0

5,004.1
477.2
208.4
62.7
1,435.0

4,976.8
476.7
209.0
61.9
1,441.9

4,980.4
481.8
209.0
62.4
1,449.1

4,958.0
471.8
216.6
65.5
1,452.1

5,035.1
481.0
210.2
64.8
1,462.7

5,043.2
481.8
210.1
64.3
1,472.1

5,046.7
483.8
209.9
64.3
1,476.8

3.5
2.0
-0.2
0.0
4.7

497.4
49.7
26.3
657.1
608.4
889.3

480.7
48.1
25.1
654.8
671.6
940.5

483.1
47.9
25.2
656.9
636.3
937.9

483.4
47.9
27.1
657.8
626.5
935.4

483.4
49.9
33.7
660.5
626.5
898.0

470.7
48.2
35.2
661.0
653.9
947.4

471.8
48.1
34.8
661.4
653.4
945.4

469.5
48.0
35.0
662.0
652.2
945.2

-2.3
-0.1
0.2
0.6
-1.2
-0.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

554.2

554.0

551.8

552.5

555.6

555.9

555.1

554.4

-0.7

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,776
726.3

2,720
726.7

2,747
726.8

2,739
726.8

2,779
729.5

2,754
730.0

2,750
729.4

2,747
729.6

-3
0.2

422.3
272.1
803.3

387.1
265.1
775.7

414.3
264.5
776.0

406.1
266.4
772.1

419.3
272.0
803.8

413.7
266.3
776.3

410.7
265.5
776.3

408.7
266.0
772.9

-2.0
0.5
-3.4

297.1
255.0

299.6
265.6

298.9
266.4

298.8
268.3

298.2
256.4

300.8
266.9

300.3
268.1

300.3
269.5

0.0
1.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

8,181
6,095.8
18.4

8,339
6,202.0
18.8

8,339
6,200.1
18.9

8,360
6,209.5
18.8

8,231
6,110.7
18.6

8,394
6,212.7
18.8

8,400
6,215.3
18.8

8,409
6,223.1
18.9

9
7.8
0.1

2,592.7
1,693.2
1,307.0
605.5
294.0

2,644.6
1,713.2
1,315.5
625.2
306.2

2,639.4
1,710.9
1,314.1
621.6
306.9

2,647.5
1,713.9
1,315.2
623.1
310.5

2,599.4
1,696.1
1,308.6
607.3
296.0

2,647.4
1,714.7
1,314.4
623.7
309.0

2,647.2
1,714.4
1,314.9
623.5
309.4

2,653.3
1,716.0
1,316.1
624.7
312.6

6.1
1.6
1.2
1.2
3.2

919.1
2,565.6
2,085.0
1,523.7
538.0
23.3

931.5
2,607.1
2,137.1
1,571.0
543.2
22.9

931.4
2,610.4
2,138.7
1,574.8
540.9
23.0

931.5
2,611.7
2,150.6
1,578.0
549.6
23.0

923.8
2,568.9
2,120.5
1,543.4
553.6
23.5

934.9
2,611.6
2,180.9
1,595.5
562.2
23.2

935.0
2,614.3
2,185.1
1,601.2
560.7
23.2

935.8
2,615.1
2,186.0
1,597.8
564.9
23.3

0.8
0.8
0.9
-3.4
4.2
0.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Change
from:
Feb.2017 Mar.2017p

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,704
8,815.2
1,115.6
1,083.2
1,383.3
134.5

20,098
9,037.9
1,118.8
1,071.1
1,414.8
141.0

20,216
9,118.8
1,117.9
1,118.9
1,417.7
141.0

20,336
9,122.7
1,117.2
1,105.4
1,428.8
141.1

19,928
8,766.4
1,119.6
968.5
1,402.0
136.3

20,475
9,039.8
1,125.8
994.9
1,435.2
142.9

20,511
9,060.1
1,123.3
993.6
1,440.4
142.8

20,567
9,082.3
1,121.8
994.8
1,447.7
143.2

56
22.2
-1.5
1.2
7.3
0.4

1,943.3

2,034.7

2,043.0

2,031.0

1,960.3

2,040.8

2,046.3

2,050.8

4.5

1,329.5

1,387.5

1,402.6

1,413.1

1,341.2

1,408.8

1,417.9

1,426.2

8.3

670.3
483.0
672.5
2,221.4
8,666.9
8,273.5
485.7
144.0
3,419.3
2,787.5
899.0

693.7
483.7
692.6
2,256.7
8,803.7
8,397.3
506.6
139.1
3,481.1
2,843.0
918.8

695.0
487.0
695.7
2,258.2
8,838.9
8,431.9
511.6
138.8
3,497.4
2,856.5
917.3

698.2
486.4
701.5
2,261.4
8,951.6
8,543.6
514.4
140.3
3,537.4
2,896.6
913.3

673.2
486.0
679.2
2,229.5
8,931.7
8,530.4
487.8
143.3
3,533.0
2,885.9
901.5

699.2
488.7
703.5
2,264.1
9,171.3
8,757.7
509.5
140.2
3,635.5
2,976.7
919.3

699.5
489.3
706.9
2,268.3
9,182.8
8,767.9
512.6
139.7
3,643.8
2,985.6
916.5

701.5
489.8
706.5
2,268.9
9,216.2
8,800.6
515.7
139.8
3,651.1
2,996.1
917.4

2.0
0.5
-0.4
0.6
33.4
32.7
3.1
0.1
7.3
10.5
0.9

214.6
883.7
1,919.4
307.8

211.7
898.8
1,926.6
314.6

214.2
899.2
1,935.8
317.6

215.2
908.1
1,993.6
321.3

216.0
890.8
2,049.3
308.6

216.7
909.6
2,107.8
319.0

217.2
910.7
2,106.3
321.0

216.5
915.0
2,123.1
321.8

-0.7
4.3
16.8
0.8

393.4

406.4

407.0

408.0

401.3

413.6

414.9

415.6

0.7

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,590
3,697.1
18,892.8
15,263.5
6,988.7
2,502.5
912.2
837.2
840.6
263.3
1,345.2

22,707
3,468.3
19,238.6
15,559.1
7,176.9
2,554.6
935.2
880.4
883.4
259.9
1,376.5

23,072
3,771.0
19,300.5
15,602.9
7,207.4
2,563.4
939.0
884.5
889.3
259.2
1,380.0

23,111
3,787.8
19,323.3
15,612.7
7,211.9
2,559.9
937.3
887.1
897.1
258.0
1,382.5

22,443
3,534.1
18,908.8
15,299.7
7,008.4
2,507.1
917.2
840.6
842.2
263.0
1,350.1

22,888
3,595.7
19,292.2
15,610.0
7,205.1
2,560.4
938.3
886.3
886.2
260.5
1,383.1

22,954
3,625.2
19,329.1
15,641.4
7,226.6
2,566.6
940.5
888.5
891.8
259.9
1,386.6

22,970
3,623.8
19,345.8
15,654.9
7,233.4
2,565.1
942.3
890.7
897.7
258.3
1,388.1

16
-1.4
16.7
13.5
6.8
-1.5
1.8
2.2
5.9
-1.6
1.5

287.7
4,979.9
3,294.9
1,632.4
613.2

286.9
5,069.0
3,313.2
1,639.5
614.7

292.0
5,078.4
3,317.1
1,638.3
616.6

290.0
5,090.3
3,310.5
1,632.3
618.0

288.2
4,983.7
3,307.6
1,640.9
614.3

290.5
5,079.9
3,325.0
1,643.3
617.3

292.6
5,087.1
3,327.7
1,644.1
618.4

291.1
5,095.8
3,325.7
1,642.3
618.8

-1.5
8.7
-2.0
-1.8
0.4

886.9
162.4
3,629.3
2,208.0
162.4
336.5
922.4

896.0
163.0
3,679.5
2,267.1
168.2
330.1
914.1

898.0
164.2
3,697.6
2,275.6
168.2
329.5
924.3

897.1
163.1
3,710.6
2,279.9
168.7
331.8
930.2

888.7
163.6
3,609.1
2,204.6
162.7
339.4
902.4

899.8
164.5
3,682.2
2,272.0
168.2
334.2
907.7

900.4
164.8
3,687.7
2,276.6
167.8
333.4
909.9

900.1
164.4
3,690.9
2,276.8
168.5
334.8
910.9

-0.3
-0.4
3.2
0.2
0.7
1.4
1.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .

15,143
2,067.8
438.9

15,018
1,984.4
396.9

15,167
2,020.3
412.3

15,390
2,069.6
425.3

15,537
2,228.2
456.9

15,759
2,245.4
450.5

15,786
2,250.4
449.7

15,795
2,238.0
444.9

9
-12.4
-4.8

148.6
1,480.3
13,075.4

147.3
1,440.2
13,033.8

148.9
1,459.1
13,146.9

152.8
1,491.5
13,320.8

157.2
1,614.1
13,308.3

161.7
1,633.2
13,513.5

162.7
1,638.0
13,535.2

162.0
1,631.1
13,557.3

-0.7
-6.9
22.1

Industry

Private service-providing - Continued

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Change
from:
Feb.2017 Mar.2017p

Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,878.6
11,196.8

1,846.7
11,187.1

1,862.4
11,284.5

1,884.0
11,436.8

1,944.9
11,363.4

1,946.6
11,566.9

1,949.6
11,585.6

1,950.0
11,607.3

0.4
21.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,642
1,291.8
1,424.2
2,925.8

5,641
1,273.9
1,443.9
2,922.7

5,673
1,286.3
1,451.6
2,935.3

5,698
1,294.0
1,463.0
2,940.8

5,670
1,292.9
1,434.1
2,942.5

5,713
1,290.2
1,464.6
2,958.2

5,723
1,293.0
1,471.5
2,958.7

5,724
1,294.3
1,472.4
2,957.6

1
1.3
0.9
-1.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,552
2,767.0
2,162.7
604.6
5,247.0
2,573.0
2,673.6
14,538.0
8,243.6
6,294.6

22,169
2,802.0
2,190.3
611.3
5,002.0
2,338.4
2,664.0
14,365.0
8,053.2
6,311.7

22,614
2,801.0
2,186.0
614.6
5,221.0
2,554.1
2,667.0
14,592.0
8,264.7
6,327.6

22,691
2,798.0
2,181.9
615.6
5,240.0
2,568.0
2,671.6
14,653.0
8,308.6
6,344.8

22,166
2,781.0
2,175.1
605.6
5,091.0
2,410.8
2,679.7
14,294.0
7,900.6
6,393.3

22,311
2,817.0
2,199.6
617.5
5,095.0
2,419.9
2,674.9
14,399.0
7,953.2
6,446.0

22,309
2,817.0
2,200.1
617.2
5,085.0
2,408.4
2,676.7
14,407.0
7,958.0
6,449.2

22,318
2,816.0
2,197.5
618.2
5,086.0
2,408.4
2,677.2
14,416.0
7,967.7
6,448.0

9
-1.0
-2.6
1.0
1.0
0.0
0.5
9.0
9.7
-1.2

Industry

Accommodation and food services Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
40.1
42.8
38.7
40.7
41.1
39.9
33.3
34.3
38.8
31.0
38.9
41.9
36.0
37.6
36.1
32.8
26.1
31.9

34.4
40.2
43.7
38.9
40.8
41.2
40.0
33.2
34.3
38.9
30.9
38.7
42.5
36.4
37.3
36.1
32.9
26.0
31.7

34.3
40.3
44.1
39.0
40.8
41.3
39.9
33.2
34.2
38.9
30.8
38.6
42.0
36.2
37.4
36.0
32.9
25.9
31.8

34.3
40.1
44.6
38.8
40.6
41.1
39.7
33.2
34.2
38.9
30.8
38.4
42.4
36.2
37.3
36.0
32.9
26.0
31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.3
3.3
3.2

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.2
3.3
3.1

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$25.46
26.66
31.92
27.87
25.72
27.05
23.42
25.18
22.20
29.31
17.82
23.04
37.99
36.05
32.13
30.59
25.60
14.68
22.90

$26.02
27.30
32.87
28.49
26.35
27.58
24.24
25.72
22.59
29.91
18.01
23.55
38.98
37.42
32.62
31.27
26.01
15.21
23.54

$26.09
27.31
32.54
28.49
26.36
27.60
24.24
25.80
22.62
30.01
18.01
23.58
38.64
37.48
32.79
31.36
26.11
15.25
23.62

$26.14
27.34
32.54
28.55
26.37
27.60
24.26
25.86
22.63
29.93
18.01
23.67
38.83
37.50
32.82
31.65
26.06
15.33
23.50

$875.82
1,069.07
1,366.18
1,078.57
1,046.80
1,111.76
934.46
838.49
761.46
1,137.23
552.42
896.26
1,591.78
1,297.80
1,208.09
1,104.30
839.68
383.15
730.51

$895.09
1,097.46
1,436.42
1,108.26
1,075.08
1,136.30
969.60
853.90
774.84
1,163.50
556.51
911.39
1,656.65
1,362.09
1,216.73
1,128.85
855.73
395.46
746.22

$894.89
1,100.59
1,435.01
1,111.11
1,075.49
1,139.88
967.18
856.56
773.60
1,167.39
554.71
910.19
1,622.88
1,356.78
1,226.35
1,128.96
859.02
394.98
751.12

$896.60
1,096.33
1,451.28
1,107.74
1,070.62
1,134.36
963.12
858.55
773.95
1,164.28
554.71
908.93
1,646.39
1,357.50
1,224.19
1,139.40
857.37
398.58
747.30

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2017 Mar.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104.9
90.2
93.1
89.4
90.5
89.5
92.0
109.0
101.3
99.1
99.5
110.4
100.7
91.4
101.4
113.1
120.2
115.7
104.3

106.4
90.9
92.4
91.4
90.7
89.5
92.6
110.4
102.2
100.1
99.9
111.5
102.2
91.6
102.5
116.3
123.0
116.9
104.4

106.3
91.6
94.8
92.4
90.9
89.8
92.7
110.6
101.9
100.2
99.4
111.4
100.9
90.9
102.9
116.1
123.3
116.7
104.9

106.4
91.2
97.4
92.0
90.5
89.5
92.2
110.6
101.8
100.2
99.2
110.9
101.7
90.8
102.7
116.5
123.4
117.2
104.9

0.1
-0.4
2.7
-0.4
-0.4
-0.3
-0.5
0.0
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
-0.4
0.8
-0.1
-0.2
0.3
0.1
0.4
0.0

1

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2017 Mar.
2017p

127.7
108.7
119.3
108.3
108.2
107.5
109.3
133.4
121.1
121.3
117.2
129.1
126.4
117.3
127.0
140.2
148.0
137.0
130.9

132.3
112.1
122.0
113.2
111.1
109.7
113.8
138.0
124.3
124.9
118.9
133.3
131.6
122.0
130.5
147.3
153.9
143.5
134.7

132.6
113.0
123.8
114.4
111.4
110.1
114.0
138.6
124.0
125.5
118.3
133.3
128.8
121.3
131.6
147.5
154.9
143.5
135.8

132.9
112.7
127.3
114.2
111.0
109.7
113.5
139.0
123.9
125.1
118.1
133.2
130.5
121.3
131.5
149.3
154.7
144.9
135.2

0.2
-0.3
2.8
-0.2
-0.4
-0.4
-0.4
0.3
-0.1
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
1.3
0.0
-0.1
1.2
-0.1
1.0
-0.4

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

71,070
58,372
4,314
102
836
3,376
1,804
1,572
54,058
11,029
1,730.3
7,972.1
1,195.1
131.8
1,109
4,693
8,917
17,290
8,054
2,966
12,698

72,107
59,307
4,351
99
857
3,395
1,807
1,588
54,956
11,062
1,743.0
7,962.5
1,227.8
128.7
1,101
4,756
9,191
17,639
8,202
3,005
12,800

72,232
59,431
4,362
100
863
3,399
1,804
1,595
55,069
11,064
1,747.0
7,959.8
1,229.2
127.9
1,098
4,760
9,228
17,691
8,214
3,014
12,801

72,241
59,432
4,365
101
861
3,403
1,807
1,596
55,067
11,021
1,742.1
7,926.2
1,224.9
127.4
1,094
4,757
9,257
17,706
8,213
3,019
12,809

49.5
48.0
21.8
14.7
12.5
27.3
23.3
34.0
53.1
40.6
29.5
50.5
24.1
23.7
39.9
57.0
44.7
77.0
51.8
52.3
57.3

49.5
48.1
21.9
14.7
12.6
27.5
23.4
34.2
53.2
40.4
29.6
50.0
24.4
23.2
40.0
56.7
44.9
77.1
52.0
52.6
57.4

49.6
48.1
21.9
14.6
12.6
27.5
23.3
34.3
53.2
40.4
29.6
50.1
24.4
23.0
39.9
56.7
45.0
77.1
52.0
52.7
57.4

49.5
48.1
21.9
14.5
12.5
27.5
23.4
34.3
53.2
40.3
29.5
50.0
24.3
23.0
39.8
56.6
45.0
77.1
52.0
52.7
57.4

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

100,111
14,266
492
5,085
8,689
5,329
3,360
85,845
22,853
4,684.2
13,434.7
4,289.2
445.0
2,245
6,378
16,312
19,674
13,683
4,700

101,567
14,297
474
5,156
8,667
5,309
3,358
87,270
23,032
4,716.8
13,501.2
4,367.6
446.3
2,220
6,529
16,759
20,094
13,902
4,734

101,770
14,372
481
5,196
8,695
5,317
3,378
87,398
23,035
4,725.0
13,491.5
4,371.2
446.9
2,214
6,531
16,807
20,154
13,915
4,742

101,840
14,392
491
5,198
8,703
5,324
3,379
87,448
23,015
4,731.1
13,463.9
4,372.9
447.2
2,209
6,531
16,864
20,167
13,919
4,743

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.6
41.0
44.5
39.4
41.7
42.1
41.1
32.4
33.5
38.5
29.7
38.9
42.1
35.4
37.0
35.5
32.2
24.9
30.7

33.6
41.1
45.5
39.3
41.9
42.3
41.3
32.3
33.6
38.8
29.8
38.6
43.3
35.9
36.9
35.3
32.2
24.8
30.8

33.6
41.3
45.9
39.8
42.0
42.4
41.3
32.3
33.5
38.8
29.9
38.2
42.2
35.7
36.9
35.3
32.3
24.7
30.8

33.5
41.1
45.7
39.4
41.8
42.3
41.0
32.3
33.5
38.7
29.9
38.0
42.7
35.7
36.9
35.2
32.2
24.8
30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.3
4.4
4.1

4.2
4.3
4.0

4.2
4.4
4.0

4.2
4.3
4.0

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$21.40
22.38
26.90
25.69
20.27
21.35
18.52
21.19
18.92
24.06
15.03
20.90
34.77
29.69
25.97
25.20
22.41
12.73
19.27

$21.83
22.85
27.55
26.33
20.63
21.64
18.99
21.61
19.19
24.48
15.22
20.99
36.06
30.32
26.27
25.78
22.82
13.16
19.72

$21.86
22.87
27.49
26.30
20.64
21.62
19.06
21.65
19.20
24.55
15.22
21.03
36.03
30.34
26.28
25.83
22.88
13.18
19.82

$21.90
22.93
27.63
26.39
20.69
21.65
19.14
21.69
19.24
24.51
15.24
21.14
36.32
30.46
26.37
25.93
22.85
13.25
19.70

$719.04
917.58
1,197.05
1,012.19
845.26
898.84
761.17
686.56
633.82
926.31
446.39
813.01
1,463.82
1,051.03
960.89
894.60
721.60
316.98
591.59

$733.49
939.14
1,253.53
1,034.77
864.40
915.37
784.29
698.00
644.78
949.82
453.56
810.21
1,561.40
1,088.49
969.36
910.03
734.80
326.37
607.38

$734.50
944.53
1,261.79
1,046.74
866.88
916.69
787.18
699.30
643.20
952.54
455.08
803.35
1,520.47
1,083.14
969.73
911.80
739.02
325.55
610.46

$733.65
942.42
1,262.69
1,039.77
864.84
915.80
784.74
700.59
644.54
948.54
455.68
803.32
1,550.86
1,087.42
973.05
912.74
735.77
328.60
604.79

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2017 Mar.
2017p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112.1
89.4
116.3
100.3
83.2
84.3
81.4
118.5
106.7
106.2
101.0
125.6
95.8
90.7
111.1
129.8
135.1
124.8
101.2

113.7
89.8
114.6
101.5
83.4
84.4
81.7
120.0
107.9
107.8
101.8
126.9
98.8
91.0
113.4
132.6
138.0
126.3
102.3

113.9
90.7
117.3
103.5
83.8
84.7
82.2
120.2
107.6
108.0
102.1
125.7
96.4
90.2
113.5
133.0
138.8
125.9
102.4

113.7
90.4
119.2
102.5
83.5
84.6
81.6
120.3
107.5
107.8
101.9
125.1
97.7
90.0
113.5
133.0
138.5
126.4
102.1

-0.2
-0.3
1.6
-1.0
-0.4
-0.1
-0.7
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.2
-0.5
1.3
-0.2
0.0
0.0
-0.2
0.4
-0.3

1

Mar.
2016

Jan.
2017

Feb.
2017p

Mar.
2017p

Percent
change
from:
Feb.
2017 Mar.
2017p

160.3
122.5
182.0
139.2
110.3
112.4
106.5
172.1
144.0
150.5
130.1
166.5
139.1
133.3
177.5
194.6
199.8
180.4
142.1

165.9
125.6
183.6
144.2
112.5
114.0
109.7
177.9
147.7
155.4
132.8
169.0
148.8
136.5
183.3
203.4
207.8
188.7
146.9

166.4
127.0
187.6
147.0
113.2
114.4
110.7
178.5
147.3
156.1
133.2
167.7
145.0
135.5
183.4
204.4
209.6
188.4
147.9

166.4
126.9
191.6
146.1
113.0
114.4
110.4
178.9
147.5
155.7
133.1
167.7
148.0
135.7
184.1
205.3
208.8
190.3
146.6

0.0
-0.1
2.1
-0.6
-0.2
0.0
-0.3
0.2
0.1
-0.3
-0.1
0.0
2.1
0.1
0.4
0.4
-0.4
1.0
-0.9

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.