Full text of The Employment Situation : March 2000
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 00-95 Household data: (202) 691-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, April 7, 2000. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MARCH 2000 Payroll employment rose in March and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.1 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment grew by 416,000 over the month. This included the addition of an estimated 117,000 temporary census workers. Also, it is likely that some of the March gain in payroll employment resulted from the fact that there were 5 weeks between the February and March survey reference periods instead of the usual 4 weeks. Average hourly earnings increased by 5 cents over the month and 3.7 percent over the year. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons, 5.7 million, was essentially unchanged in March, and the unemployment rate held at 4.1 percent. The jobless rate has been below 4.2 percent for 6 consecutive months. Jobless rates for the major worker groups--adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.6 percent), teenagers (13.3 percent), whites (3.6 percent), blacks (7.3 percent), and Hispanics (6.3 percent)--showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The number of persons in the civilian labor force was little changed at 140.9 million in March. The labor force participation rate was 67.4 percent. Total employment also was about unchanged in March, at 135.2 million (seasonally adjusted). The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs--remained high at 64.7 percent. (See table A-1.) About 7.7 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in March. These multiple jobholders represented 5.7 percent of the total employed, down from 6.1 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The number of persons who were marginally attached to the labor force in March totaled 1.2 million (not seasonally adjusted). These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They are not counted as unemployed because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 257,000 in March, about the same as a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) - 2 - Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Feb.Category | 1999 | 2000 1/| 2000 | Mar. |_________________|_________________ ________|change | IV | I | Jan. | Feb. | Mar. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 139,880| 140,981| 140,910| 141,165| 140,867| -298 Employment..........| 134,153| 135,247| 135,221| 135,362| 135,159| -203 Unemployment........| 5,727| 5,733| 5,689| 5,804| 5,708| -96 Not in labor force....| 68,780| 67,933| 67,872| 67,742| 68,187| 445 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.1| 4.1| 4.0| 4.1| 4.1| .0 Adult men...........| 3.4| 3.3| 3.3| 3.4| 3.3| -0.1 Adult women.........| 3.6| 3.6| 3.7| 3.5| 3.6| .1 Teenagers...........| 13.8| 13.4| 12.6| 14.1| 13.3| -.8 White...............| 3.5| 3.5| 3.4| 3.6| 3.6| .0 Black...............| 8.1| 7.8| 8.2| 7.8| 7.3| -.5 Hispanic origin.....| 6.1| 5.9| 5.6| 5.7| 6.3| .6 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 129,606|p130,435| 130,292|p130,299|p130,715| p416 Goods-producing 2/..| 25,246| p25,421| 25,410| p25,383| p25,471| p88 Construction......| 6,359| p6,522| 6,504| p6,487| p6,576| p89 Manufacturing.....| 18,359| p18,366| 18,376| p18,364| p18,359| p-5 Service-producing 2/| 104,360|p105,014| 104,882|p104,916|p105,244| p328 Retail trade......| 22,922| p23,004| 23,018| p22,996| p22,999| p3 Services..........| 39,548| p39,869| 39,804| p39,826| p39,976| p150 Government........| 20,274| p20,427| 20,365| p20,387| p20,529| p142 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.5| p34.5| 34.6| p34.5| p34.5| p.0 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| p41.7| 41.7| p41.8| p41.6| p-0.2 Overtime..........| 4.6| p4.7| 4.7| p4.8| p4.6| p-.2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 149.1| p150.3| 150.3| p150.0| p150.5| p0.5 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 3/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.41| p$13.55| $13.49| p$13.55| p$13.60| p$0.05 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 462.65| p467.81| 466.75| p467.48| p469.20| p1.72 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Beginning in January 2000, household data reflect revised population controls used in the Current Population Survey. 2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 416,000 in March to 130.7 million, seasonally adjusted. This increase included the addition of 117,000 temporary census workers. Also, it is likely that some of the March payroll employment gain resulted from a calendar anomaly. This year, there were 5 weeks instead of the usual 4 between the February and March survey reference periods. The last time this occurred was in 1972. Because this occurrence is so rare, the payroll employment estimates for March cannot be adjusted for the differences in the number of weeks between the survey reference periods, as is done for other months. Thus, the estimates of employment change this month reflect an additional week's growth. This effect is most pronounced in seasonal industries that tend to add jobs at this time of year. In the goods-producing sector, construction employment grew by 89,000 in March, with job gains widespread across the component industries. The additional week between the February and March survey reference periods likely contributed to the large employment increase. In mining, employment in the oil and gas extraction industry continued to rise. Since last summer, oil and gas extraction has added 16,000 jobs; slightly more than half of that gain occurred in February and March. (See table B-1.) Manufacturing employment was down by 5,000 over the month. This decrease would have been larger had it not been for the return of 15,000 striking workers in the aircraft industry. (February employment estimates have been revised down by 15,000, as recent information indicates that the strikers were off payrolls for the entire reference pay period that month. These workers were back on payrolls in March.) Industrial machinery lost 6,000 jobs in March, and there were smaller declines in many other manufacturing industries. Employment in the fabricated metals industry continued on a growth trend that began in September 1999. - 4 In the service-producing sector, the services industry added 150,000 jobs in March, following an unusually small gain in February (22,000, as revised). Employment growth in services during the first quarter of the year averaged 106,000 per month, slightly below the monthly average for 1999. In March, job gains were widespread among the services industries. The largest employment increase was in business services (48,000), where personnel supply services added 19,000 jobs. Employment in educational services rose by 21,000 jobs in March. Two highly seasonal industries, agricultural services and hotels, posted substantial job gains of 18,000 and 15,000, respectively. Transportation and public utilities added 27,000 jobs in March. Nearly all of the gain occurred in transportation, with trucking and air transportation adding 11,000 and 10,000 jobs, respectively. Both industries had lost jobs in February. Employment continued to grow in the communications industry in March, mainly in telephone communications. In contrast, public utilities continued to lose jobs. Employment in wholesale trade rose by 17,000 in March, in line with its average monthly gain over the prior 12 months. Retail trade employment was little changed in March. Job gains in furniture stores, building materials stores, and automotive dealers and service stations were offset by losses in general merchandise stores and in eating and drinking places. General merchandise employment fell by 36,000 in the first quarter, and eating and drinking places employment declined by 28,000. Finance, insurance, and real estate lost 11,000 jobs in March, offsetting its February gain. Employment in mortgage banking declined by 12,000 over the month and has fallen by 35,000 since last May. In contrast, security and commodity brokerages continued to add jobs in March. Federal government employment grew by 106,000 in March. The Census Bureau added 117,000 temporary workers for Census 2000, but employment declines continued in other federal agencies. Local governments added 34,000 jobs in March, following a decline in February. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in March at 34.5 hours, seasonally adjusted. In manufacturing, both the average workweek and overtime hours fell by 0.2 hour to 41.6 hours and 4.6 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 percent to 150.5 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index decreased 0.4 percent to 105.9. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents in March to $13.60, seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings rose 0.4 percent to $469.20, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings rose by 3.7 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for April 2000 is scheduled to be released on Friday, May 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). ------------------------------------------------------------------Planned Changes Affecting Establishment Survey Data | | Concurrent with the release of March 1999 benchmark revisions | on June 2, BLS will begin implementation of a new probability| based sample design for the payroll survey. Estimates for the | wholesale trade major industry division only will incorporate the | new sample design with this release. Further information is | available on the Internet (http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or | by calling (202) 691-6555. | ------------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | | - 5 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1999, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication individuals are counted only once, even if the establishment survey, employees working appearing on more than one payroll would be appearance. of individuals, because they hold more than one job. In at more than one job and thus counted separately for each Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or $40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Mar. 1999 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Not in labor force.............................. Persons who currently want a job.............. 207,036 138,418 66.9 132,299 63.9 3,022 129,277 6,119 4.4 68,618 4,471 208,907 140,185 67.1 133,954 64.1 2,973 130,981 6,231 4.4 68,723 4,431 209,053 140,501 67.2 134,494 64.3 3,079 131,415 6,007 4.3 68,552 4,461 207,036 138,804 67.0 132,976 64.2 3,290 129,686 5,828 4.2 68,232 4,606 208,666 139,834 67.0 134,098 64.3 3,310 130,788 5,736 4.1 68,832 4,429 208,832 140,108 67.1 134,420 64.4 3,279 131,141 5,688 4.1 68,724 4,467 208,782 140,910 67.5 135,221 64.8 3,371 131,850 5,689 4.0 67,872 4,252 208,907 141,165 67.6 135,362 64.8 3,408 131,954 5,804 4.1 67,742 4,374 209,053 140,867 67.4 135,159 64.7 3,359 131,801 5,708 4.1 68,187 4,594 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 99,362 100,330 100,405 73,785 74,808 74,790 74.3 74.6 74.5 70,544 71,311 71,613 71.0 71.1 71.3 3,242 3,497 3,177 4.4 4.7 4.2 99,362 100,179 100,264 100,266 100,330 100,405 74,218 74,728 74,930 75,304 75,594 75,198 74.7 74.6 74.7 75.1 75.3 74.9 71,269 71,732 71,927 72,358 72,473 72,313 71.7 71.6 71.7 72.2 72.2 72.0 2,949 2,996 3,003 2,946 3,121 2,885 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 4.1 3.8 91,215 69,781 76.5 67,185 73.7 2,086 65,099 2,597 3.7 91,215 69,934 76.7 67,628 74.1 2,239 65,389 2,306 3.3 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 92,092 70,704 76.8 67,869 73.7 2,018 65,851 2,835 4.0 92,145 70,689 76.7 68,057 73.9 2,073 65,984 2,632 3.7 91,986 70,388 76.5 68,037 74.0 2,262 65,775 2,351 3.3 92,052 70,529 76.6 68,197 74.1 2,227 65,970 2,332 3.3 92,057 70,917 77.0 68,585 74.5 2,303 66,282 2,332 3.3 92,092 71,120 77.2 68,691 74.6 2,309 66,382 2,429 3.4 92,145 70,822 76.9 68,480 74.3 2,232 66,249 2,342 3.3 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,674 108,577 108,649 107,674 108,487 108,569 108,516 108,577 108,649 Civilian labor force............................ 64,632 65,377 65,711 64,586 65,106 65,178 65,606 65,572 65,668 Participation rate........................ 60.0 60.2 60.5 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.5 60.4 60.4 Employed...................................... 61,755 62,642 62,881 61,707 62,366 62,493 62,863 62,889 62,846 Employment-population ratio............... 57.4 57.7 57.9 57.3 57.5 57.6 57.9 57.9 57.8 Unemployed.................................... 2,877 2,734 2,830 2,879 2,740 2,685 2,743 2,683 2,823 Unemployment rate......................... 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 99,833 100,666 100,713 60,780 61,576 61,892 60.9 61.2 61.5 58,400 59,331 59,593 58.5 58.9 59.2 764 804 831 57,635 58,526 58,762 2,381 2,245 2,298 3.9 3.6 3.7 99,833 100,573 100,666 100,579 100,666 100,713 60,554 61,052 61,154 61,576 61,575 61,671 60.7 60.7 60.7 61.2 61.2 61.2 58,216 58,838 58,958 59,280 59,398 59,422 58.3 58.5 58.6 58.9 59.0 59.0 821 768 791 826 871 894 57,395 58,070 58,167 58,454 58,526 58,528 2,338 2,214 2,196 2,297 2,178 2,249 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.6 15,988 7,856 49.1 6,715 42.0 172 6,543 1,142 14.5 15,988 8,316 52.0 7,132 44.6 230 6,902 1,184 14.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 16,149 7,905 48.9 6,754 41.8 151 6,604 1,151 14.6 16,196 7,921 48.9 6,844 42.3 175 6,669 1,077 13.6 16,107 8,394 52.1 7,223 44.8 280 6,943 1,171 14.0 16,114 8,425 52.3 7,265 45.1 261 7,004 1,160 13.8 16,147 8,416 52.1 7,356 45.6 242 7,114 1,060 12.6 16,149 8,470 52.4 7,273 45.0 228 7,046 1,197 14.1 16,196 8,374 51.7 7,257 44.8 233 7,024 1,117 13.3 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Mar. 1999 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 172,597 173,886 173,983 172,597 173,709 173,821 173,812 173,886 173,983 Civilian labor force............................ 115,866 117,154 117,451 116,237 116,703 117,008 117,716 117,821 117,832 Participation rate.......................... 67.1 67.4 67.5 67.3 67.2 67.3 67.7 67.8 67.7 Employed...................................... 111,414 112,576 113,006 112,030 112,611 112,951 113,704 113,634 113,630 Employment-population ratio................. 64.6 64.7 65.0 64.9 64.8 65.0 65.4 65.3 65.3 Unemployed.................................... 4,451 4,578 4,446 4,207 4,092 4,057 4,011 4,187 4,202 Unemployment rate........................... 3.8 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.6 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 59,541 77.1 57,546 74.5 1,995 3.4 60,043 77.1 57,927 74.4 2,116 3.5 60,123 77.2 58,131 74.6 1,993 3.3 59,675 77.3 57,935 75.0 1,740 2.9 59,761 76.9 58,067 74.7 1,694 2.8 59,889 77.0 58,221 74.8 1,668 2.8 60,179 77.3 58,487 75.2 1,693 2.8 60,387 77.6 58,631 75.3 1,756 2.9 60,282 77.4 58,541 75.1 1,742 2.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 49,729 60.1 48,078 58.1 1,650 3.3 50,418 60.5 48,840 58.6 1,578 3.1 50,622 60.7 48,966 58.7 1,656 3.3 49,567 59.9 47,941 57.9 1,626 3.3 49,814 59.9 48,273 58.0 1,541 3.1 50,011 60.1 48,486 58.2 1,525 3.0 50,404 60.5 48,857 58.7 1,547 3.1 50,335 60.4 48,792 58.6 1,544 3.1 50,448 60.5 48,820 58.6 1,628 3.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... 6,596 52.1 5,790 45.8 806 12.2 13.7 10.7 6,693 52.6 5,808 45.6 885 13.2 15.5 10.7 6,706 52.7 5,909 46.5 797 11.9 12.1 11.7 6,995 55.3 6,154 48.7 841 12.0 12.8 11.2 7,128 56.0 6,271 49.2 857 12.0 12.8 11.2 7,108 55.8 6,244 49.0 864 12.2 13.3 10.9 7,132 56.0 6,360 50.0 772 10.8 12.4 9.1 7,099 55.8 6,211 48.8 888 12.5 14.4 10.4 7,102 55.8 6,270 49.3 832 11.7 11.3 12.1 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 24,729 16,125 65.2 14,798 59.8 1,327 8.2 25,076 16,542 66.0 15,164 60.5 1,378 8.3 25,105 16,466 65.6 15,231 60.7 1,236 7.5 24,729 16,231 65.6 14,925 60.4 1,306 8.0 25,019 16,508 66.0 15,187 60.7 1,321 8.0 25,051 16,513 65.9 15,204 60.7 1,309 7.9 25,047 16,622 66.4 15,254 60.9 1,368 8.2 25,076 16,785 66.9 15,471 61.7 1,314 7.8 25,105 16,572 66.0 15,356 61.2 1,216 7.3 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 7,031 71.2 6,583 66.7 448 6.4 7,355 73.3 6,771 67.5 584 7.9 7,252 72.2 6,762 67.3 490 6.8 7,073 71.7 6,647 67.4 426 6.0 7,277 72.8 6,767 67.7 510 7.0 7,273 72.6 6,766 67.5 507 7.0 7,386 73.7 6,839 68.2 547 7.4 7,441 74.2 6,910 68.9 532 7.1 7,300 72.6 6,830 68.0 469 6.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 8,166 65.9 7,575 61.2 590 7.2 8,289 66.0 7,719 61.4 570 6.9 8,333 66.2 7,815 62.1 518 6.2 8,151 65.8 7,573 61.1 578 7.1 8,305 66.3 7,757 61.9 548 6.6 8,260 65.8 7,706 61.4 554 6.7 8,315 66.3 7,715 61.5 600 7.2 8,344 66.4 7,805 62.1 539 6.5 8,314 66.1 7,808 62.1 506 6.1 928 37.6 639 25.9 289 31.1 34.7 27.5 898 36.3 673 27.2 225 25.0 21.9 28.3 881 35.6 653 26.4 228 25.9 22.6 29.3 1,007 40.7 705 28.5 302 30.0 32.4 27.6 926 37.3 663 26.7 263 28.4 31.0 25.9 980 39.5 732 29.5 248 25.3 27.5 23.0 921 37.2 701 28.3 220 23.9 24.0 23.8 999 40.4 756 30.6 243 24.3 22.3 26.6 958 38.7 718 29.0 240 25.1 21.3 28.9 21,414 14,523 67.8 13,595 63.5 929 6.4 22,108 15,187 68.7 14,267 64.5 921 6.1 22,166 15,304 69.0 14,283 64.4 1,021 6.7 21,414 14,542 67.9 13,673 63.8 869 6.0 21,947 14,887 67.8 13,979 63.7 908 6.1 22,008 14,984 68.1 14,095 64.0 889 5.9 22,047 15,251 69.2 14,395 65.3 856 5.6 22,108 15,249 69.0 14,382 65.1 868 5.7 22,166 15,313 69.1 14,355 64.8 958 6.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Mar. 1999 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 28,442 12,119 42.6 11,265 39.6 854 7.0 27,376 11,638 42.5 10,829 39.6 809 7.0 27,523 11,801 42.9 10,896 39.6 905 7.7 28,442 12,039 42.3 11,280 39.7 759 6.3 28,228 12,132 43.0 11,347 40.2 785 6.5 28,144 11,956 42.5 11,243 39.9 713 6.0 27,995 11,895 42.5 11,106 39.7 789 6.6 27,376 11,971 43.7 11,257 41.1 714 6.0 27,523 11,726 42.6 10,918 39.7 808 6.9 57,805 37,734 65.3 36,302 62.8 1,432 3.8 57,471 37,403 65.1 35,932 62.5 1,471 3.9 58,033 37,742 65.0 36,364 62.7 1,377 3.6 57,805 37,687 65.2 36,368 62.9 1,319 3.5 57,789 37,671 65.2 36,445 63.1 1,226 3.3 57,590 37,362 64.9 36,071 62.6 1,291 3.5 57,768 37,617 65.1 36,305 62.8 1,311 3.5 57,471 37,603 65.4 36,294 63.2 1,309 3.5 58,033 37,671 64.9 36,401 62.7 1,270 3.4 43,028 31,826 74.0 30,835 71.7 991 3.1 44,486 32,946 74.1 31,911 71.7 1,036 3.1 44,225 32,898 74.4 31,929 72.2 969 2.9 43,028 31,866 74.1 30,966 72.0 900 2.8 44,070 32,312 73.3 31,444 71.3 868 2.7 44,069 32,404 73.5 31,586 71.7 818 2.5 43,689 32,397 74.2 31,564 72.2 833 2.6 44,486 32,544 73.2 31,595 71.0 949 2.9 44,225 32,967 74.5 32,090 72.6 878 2.7 43,859 35,124 80.1 34,483 78.6 641 1.8 45,247 36,242 80.1 35,643 78.8 599 1.7 44,838 36,017 80.3 35,446 79.1 572 1.6 43,859 35,130 80.1 34,479 78.6 651 1.9 44,365 35,264 79.5 34,655 78.1 609 1.7 44,821 35,824 79.9 35,186 78.5 638 1.8 45,058 36,205 80.4 35,540 78.9 665 1.8 45,247 36,265 80.1 35,678 78.9 587 1.6 44,838 36,060 80.4 35,481 79.1 579 1.6 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Mar. 1999 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 132,299 133,954 134,494 132,976 134,098 134,420 135,221 135,362 135,159 Married men, spouse present..................... 42,941 43,187 43,081 43,164 43,273 43,283 43,951 43,535 43,297 Married women, spouse present................... 33,300 33,848 33,915 33,176 33,635 33,762 34,166 33,882 33,780 Women who maintain families..................... 8,254 8,228 8,187 8,142 8,526 8,375 8,362 8,220 8,082 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... Technical, sales, and administrative support.... Service occupations............................. Precision production, craft, and repair......... Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 40,138 38,854 17,965 14,543 17,763 3,035 40,745 39,544 18,271 14,505 17,828 3,060 40,717 39,549 18,636 14,491 17,965 3,135 40,005 38,821 18,034 14,591 18,135 3,438 40,363 39,283 17,633 14,903 18,476 3,407 40,800 39,311 17,706 14,940 18,299 3,367 40,924 39,614 18,155 14,610 18,385 3,574 40,806 39,703 18,344 14,681 18,279 3,630 40,595 39,510 18,711 14,520 18,334 3,562 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 1,721 1,749 1,841 1,905 2,049 2,018 2,024 2,025 2,043 Self-employed workers......................... 1,267 1,190 1,202 1,358 1,216 1,211 1,320 1,344 1,292 Unpaid family workers......................... 34 33 36 39 41 36 38 51 42 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 120,509 122,346 122,709 120,939 121,965 122,426 122,823 123,166 123,169 Government.................................. 18,867 19,666 19,677 18,778 18,902 18,959 19,013 19,394 19,598 Private industries.......................... 101,642 102,680 103,032 102,161 103,063 103,467 103,810 103,772 103,571 Private households........................ 929 983 1,002 926 944 948 952 1,016 998 Other industries.......................... 100,713 101,698 102,030 101,235 102,119 102,519 102,858 102,756 102,573 Self-employed workers......................... 8,642 8,555 8,600 8,730 8,686 8,662 8,802 8,793 8,704 Unpaid family workers......................... 126 79 106 127 108 98 92 74 107 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 3,703 2,160 1,269 19,398 3,296 1,979 1,027 19,849 3,306 1,955 1,029 19,540 3,509 2,018 1,181 18,622 3,274 1,930 1,032 18,651 3,320 1,951 1,025 18,618 3,219 1,893 1,012 18,889 3,139 1,807 1,023 19,031 3,124 1,820 953 18,770 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 3,499 2,055 1,225 18,841 3,138 1,874 1,015 19,290 3,169 1,888 1,008 19,002 3,325 1,927 1,128 18,031 3,105 1,815 1,013 18,083 3,157 1,843 1,018 18,061 3,066 1,801 986 18,347 2,985 1,705 1,005 18,406 3,003 1,766 922 18,184 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Category Mar. 1999 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Total, 16 years and over......................... Men, 20 years and over......................... Women, 20 years and over....................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 5,828 2,306 2,338 1,184 5,804 2,429 2,178 1,197 5,708 2,342 2,249 1,117 4.2 3.3 3.9 14.2 4.1 3.3 3.6 14.0 4.1 3.3 3.6 13.8 4.0 3.3 3.7 12.6 4.1 3.4 3.5 14.1 4.1 3.3 3.6 13.3 Married men, spouse present.................... Married women, spouse present.................. Women who maintain families.................... 935 929 578 928 897 539 865 955 591 2.1 2.7 6.6 2.1 2.5 6.0 2.2 2.5 6.2 2.0 2.6 6.2 2.1 2.6 6.1 2.0 2.7 6.8 Full-time workers.............................. Part-time workers.............................. 4,626 1,209 4,595 1,191 4,489 1,243 4.0 5.0 3.9 4.9 3.9 4.9 3.9 4.6 3.9 4.9 3.8 5.1 768 1,501 559 1,180 255 660 1,526 644 1,185 218 732 1,435 570 1,245 193 1.9 3.7 3.7 6.1 6.9 1.8 3.6 3.7 6.2 6.7 1.7 3.6 4.0 6.1 5.8 1.8 3.4 3.7 6.1 4.7 1.6 3.7 4.2 6.1 5.7 1.8 3.5 3.8 6.4 5.1 4,589 1,267 32 508 727 393 334 3,322 224 1,467 161 1,470 404 197 4,539 1,265 20 562 682 368 315 3,274 249 1,467 230 1,328 426 140 4,695 1,328 13 505 810 381 429 3,366 244 1,485 195 1,443 337 121 4.3 4.4 5.5 7.0 3.5 3.1 4.2 4.2 2.9 5.4 2.0 4.2 2.1 9.4 4.2 4.2 4.6 5.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.3 5.3 2.3 3.9 2.0 8.3 4.1 4.4 4.1 6.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.0 3.0 5.2 2.1 3.8 2.1 7.1 4.2 4.1 2.6 6.4 3.2 2.8 3.9 4.3 3.7 5.1 2.5 4.2 2.1 5.0 4.2 4.4 4.0 7.5 3.3 3.0 3.8 4.1 3.2 5.3 2.9 3.7 2.2 6.5 4.3 4.6 2.5 6.9 3.9 3.0 5.2 4.2 3.1 5.4 2.4 4.0 1.7 5.6 CHARACTERISTIC OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... Technical, sales, and administrative support... Precision production, craft, and repair........ Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... Farming, forestry, and fishing................. INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Goods-producing industries................... Mining..................................... Construction............................... Manufacturing.............................. Durable goods............................ Nondurable goods......................... Service-producing industries................. Transportation and public utilities........ Wholesale and retail trade................. Finance, insurance, and real estate........ Services................................... Government workers............................. Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Mar. 1999 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Less than 5 weeks................................ 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 15 weeks and over................................ 15 to 26 weeks................................ 27 weeks and over............................. 2,253 2,190 1,676 929 747 2,517 2,313 1,401 772 629 2,527 2,003 1,478 815 663 2,521 1,884 1,467 752 715 2,601 1,760 1,401 725 676 2,620 1,694 1,388 693 695 2,447 1,754 1,372 667 705 2,603 1,864 1,277 673 604 2,824 1,719 1,295 657 637 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ Median duration, in weeks........................ 14.1 8.0 12.5 6.6 13.2 7.0 13.6 6.8 13.0 6.2 12.8 5.9 13.2 5.7 12.5 6.1 12.8 6.0 100.0 36.8 35.8 27.4 15.2 12.2 100.0 40.4 37.1 22.5 12.4 10.1 100.0 42.1 33.3 24.6 13.6 11.0 100.0 42.9 32.1 25.0 12.8 12.2 100.0 45.1 30.5 24.3 12.6 11.7 100.0 45.9 29.7 24.3 12.2 12.2 100.0 43.9 31.5 24.6 12.0 12.7 100.0 45.3 32.5 22.2 11.7 10.5 100.0 48.4 29.4 22.2 11.3 10.9 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. Less than 5 weeks.............................. 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 15 weeks and over.............................. 15 to 26 weeks............................... 27 weeks and over............................ NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Mar. 1999 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 2,888 1,047 1,841 1,295 547 788 2,048 395 3,029 1,134 1,895 1,281 614 777 2,067 357 2,769 983 1,787 1,224 562 837 2,019 382 2,646 833 1,813 (1) (1) 774 2,007 446 2,493 851 1,642 (1) (1) 821 1,935 485 2,401 795 1,606 (1) (1) 825 2,036 453 2,477 739 1,739 (1) (1) 776 2,043 393 2,616 838 1,778 (1) (1) 759 1,975 387 2,541 781 1,759 (1) (1) 824 1,979 434 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 47.2 17.1 30.1 12.9 33.5 6.5 48.6 18.2 30.4 12.5 33.2 5.7 46.1 16.4 29.7 13.9 33.6 6.4 45.1 14.2 30.9 13.2 34.2 7.6 43.5 14.8 28.6 14.3 33.7 8.5 42.0 13.9 28.1 14.4 35.6 7.9 43.5 13.0 30.6 13.6 35.9 6.9 45.6 14.6 31.0 13.2 34.4 6.7 44.0 13.5 30.5 14.3 34.3 7.5 2.1 .6 1.5 .3 2.2 .6 1.5 .3 2.0 .6 1.4 .3 1.9 .6 1.4 .3 1.8 .6 1.4 .3 1.7 .6 1.5 .3 1.8 .6 1.4 .3 1.9 .5 1.4 .3 1.8 .6 1.4 .3 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................. Not on temporary layoff......................... Permanent job losers.......................... Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... Job leavers....................................... Reentrants........................................ New entrants...................................... PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................ Not on temporary layoff........................ Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Mar. 1999 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.2 1.0 1.1 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.8 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.1 4.1 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.6 4.6 4.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.3 5.3 5.1 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 7.9 7.6 7.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Age and sex Mar. 1999 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000 Mar. 2000 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years.................................. 16 to 19 years................................ 16 to 17 years.............................. 18 to 19 years.............................. 20 to 24 years................................ 25 years and over............................... 25 to 54 years................................ 55 years and over............................. 5,828 2,218 1,184 553 632 1,034 3,626 3,133 497 5,804 2,267 1,197 529 653 1,071 3,520 2,997 546 5,708 2,199 1,117 510 607 1,082 3,531 3,044 498 4.2 10.0 14.2 16.6 12.7 7.4 3.1 3.2 2.8 4.1 10.0 14.0 16.5 12.3 7.7 3.0 3.1 2.6 4.1 9.8 13.8 16.5 12.1 7.4 3.0 3.0 2.7 4.0 9.3 12.6 14.0 11.4 7.4 3.0 3.1 2.8 4.1 10.0 14.1 15.9 12.8 7.5 3.0 3.0 3.0 4.1 9.7 13.3 15.3 12.1 7.6 3.0 3.0 2.7 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 2,949 1,165 643 294 350 522 1,780 1,520 256 3,121 1,236 691 312 367 544 1,861 1,574 281 2,885 1,106 543 269 274 563 1,781 1,500 278 4.0 10.1 15.0 17.3 13.5 7.2 2.8 2.9 2.6 4.0 10.2 14.9 16.9 13.6 7.5 2.8 2.9 2.6 4.0 10.6 15.2 17.7 13.5 7.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 3.9 9.7 14.0 14.3 13.7 7.2 2.8 2.9 2.5 4.1 10.3 15.5 17.3 13.9 7.3 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.8 9.2 12.4 15.1 10.5 7.4 2.8 2.8 2.8 Women, 16 years and over........................ 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 2,879 1,053 541 259 282 512 1,846 1,613 241 2,683 1,032 505 217 286 526 1,659 1,424 266 2,823 1,093 574 241 334 520 1,751 1,544 219 4.5 9.9 13.4 15.9 11.7 7.7 3.4 3.5 3.1 4.2 9.8 13.0 16.1 10.8 7.9 3.1 3.3 2.6 4.1 8.9 12.2 15.1 10.5 7.0 3.2 3.2 2.9 4.2 8.9 11.1 13.7 8.9 7.6 3.2 3.3 3.1 4.1 9.6 12.6 14.3 11.6 7.8 3.0 3.0 3.3 4.3 10.2 14.4 15.4 13.7 7.7 3.2 3.3 2.7 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Mar. 1999 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Mar. 2000 Mar. 1999 Mar. 2000 68,618 4,471 1,245 68,552 4,461 1,209 25,577 1,913 573 25,614 1,977 663 43,042 2,559 672 42,938 2,484 546 295 949 257 952 166 407 149 514 129 543 108 438 Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... Percent of total employed..................................... 8,027 6.1 7,707 5.7 4,239 6.0 4,010 5.6 3,788 6.1 3,697 5.9 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 4,458 1,700 309 1,523 4,241 1,733 318 1,390 2,622 532 194 864 2,476 534 194 795 1,836 1,168 114 659 1,765 1,198 123 595 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... Persons who currently want a job................................ Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000p Mar. 2000p Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000p Mar. 2000p Total1........................ 126,867 128,138 128,757 129,741 127,813 129,589 129,898 130,292 130,299 130,715 Total private.................... 106,385 107,856 108,064 108,808 107,726 109,320 109,583 109,927 109,912 110,186 Goods-producing......................... 24,773 24,813 24,768 24,955 25,285 25,257 25,283 25,410 25,383 25,471 Mining................................ Metal mining........................ Coal mining......................... Oil and gas extraction.............. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 540 49.1 87.1 300.2 103.4 520 48.1 80.6 291.1 99.9 521 47.6 79.5 293.2 100.4 526 47.1 79.0 296.0 103.4 550 50 87 305 108 527 49 82 288 108 529 48 82 291 108 530 49 81 292 108 532 48 80 296 108 536 48 79 301 108 Construction.......................... 5,806 6,019 5,979 6,143 General building contractors........ 1,358.1 1,409.8 1,399.1 1,417.5 Heavy construction, except building. 761.6 760.5 754.6 796.6 Special trade contractors........... 3,686.2 3,848.2 3,824.9 3,929.1 6,232 1,429 864 3,939 6,369 1,450 870 4,049 6,393 1,454 878 4,061 6,504 1,474 900 4,130 6,487 1,478 883 4,126 6,576 1,488 900 4,188 Manufacturing......................... Production workers................ 18,427 12,666 18,274 12,540 18,268 12,547 18,286 12,560 18,503 12,714 18,361 12,613 18,361 12,613 18,376 12,627 18,364 12,614 18,359 12,606 Durable goods........................ Production workers................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Computer and office equipment..... Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Electronic components and accessories.................... Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Aircraft and parts................ Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 10,991 7,522 813.4 535.9 556.4 693.1 10,934 7,472 817.8 543.7 557.4 688.0 10,930 7,481 817.1 544.8 555.8 686.9 10,956 7,499 816.2 546.6 563.1 687.7 11,014 7,527 827 535 569 693 10,954 7,487 829 544 571 686 10,960 7,485 828 543 574 687 10,973 7,505 827 543 577 686 10,973 7,508 831 545 574 687 10,978 7,505 829 546 576 688 222.7 221.6 220.3 221.7 1,488.5 1,492.2 1,493.4 1,496.4 2,144.1 2,115.8 2,117.2 2,114.5 359.1 355.6 353.1 351.4 (2) 1,490 2,139 360 (2) 1,489 2,118 358 (2) 1,489 2,120 359 (2) 1,491 2,115 357 (2) 1,493 2,116 356 (2) 1,496 2,110 354 1,658.4 1,669.6 1,675.6 1,676.4 1,659 1,661 1,664 1,671 1,679 1,677 636.9 646.7 650.8 652.7 1,874.4 1,836.0 1,823.9 1,836.9 994.1 1,005.6 1,009.1 1,009.2 509.7 464.7 447.2 459.4 843.1 828.1 828.8 830.5 383.8 385.7 386.4 387.4 636 1,873 992 511 844 385 643 1,834 1,000 467 833 389 645 1,831 1,001 464 833 391 647 1,841 1,010 463 830 392 652 1,828 1,014 447 830 390 653 1,835 1,010 460 832 389 7,436 5,144 1,654.0 38.1 569.3 700.3 659.7 1,553.7 1,034.6 135.4 1,015.4 75.4 7,489 5,187 1,693 39 571 702 662 1,557 1,037 139 1,014 75 7,407 5,126 1,686 39 553 663 655 1,549 1,033 136 1,022 71 7,401 5,128 1,686 38 551 662 655 1,547 1,030 135 1,026 71 7,403 5,122 1,689 38 549 657 654 1,550 1,034 136 1,025 71 7,391 5,106 1,678 38 550 656 653 1,551 1,035 136 1,024 70 7,381 5,101 1,677 35 550 655 651 1,552 1,033 136 1,022 70 Nondurable goods..................... Production workers................ Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 7,340 5,068 1,650.9 39.9 547.2 648.7 652.5 1,547.4 1,029.1 131.5 1,021.7 70.7 7,338 5,066 1,645.0 39.0 547.1 651.0 651.2 1,547.5 1,031.3 131.6 1,024.3 69.9 7,330 5,061 1,641.2 34.3 547.4 651.9 648.7 1,549.1 1,031.5 132.5 1,022.7 70.2 Service-producing1...................... 102,094 103,325 103,989 104,786 102,528 104,332 104,615 104,882 104,916 105,244 Transportation and public utilities... 6,685 6,828 6,830 6,867 Transportation...................... 4,336 4,439 4,439 4,471 Railroad transportation........... 232.4 222.3 221.4 222.8 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 491.4 498.9 501.5 506.1 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,758.9 1,805.9 1,799.9 1,814.0 Water transportation.............. 171.1 172.9 174.4 174.9 Transportation by air............. 1,206.7 1,258.6 1,260.3 1,268.3 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.7 12.9 12.8 12.8 Transportation services........... 461.9 467.6 468.4 472.0 Communications and public utilities. 2,349 2,389 2,391 2,396 Communications.................... 1,503.5 1,550.3 1,555.5 1,562.2 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 845.8 838.2 835.3 834.0 6,732 4,378 235 6,862 4,474 226 6,897 4,501 227 6,902 4,507 226 6,892 4,493 225 6,919 4,517 225 476 1,796 177 1,218 14 462 2,354 1,506 487 1,839 180 1,257 13 472 2,388 1,546 487 1,845 182 1,273 13 474 2,396 1,553 491 1,849 181 1,277 13 470 2,395 1,552 490 1,840 183 1,271 13 471 2,399 1,560 492 1,851 182 1,281 13 473 2,402 1,565 848 842 843 843 839 837 7,095 4,212 2,883 22,557 6,947 4,103 2,844 22,611 7,070 4,194 2,876 22,902 7,088 4,204 2,884 22,973 7,108 4,211 2,897 23,018 7,119 4,218 2,901 22,996 7,136 4,227 2,909 22,999 949.8 960.9 961.2 997.0 2,688.7 2,809.0 2,672.3 2,659.2 2,396.0 2,501.1 2,376.7 2,363.9 3,443.6 3,464.3 3,446.7 3,433.5 982 2,794 2,489 3,490 1,004 2,753 2,450 3,480 1,007 2,793 2,479 3,482 1,012 2,798 2,477 3,481 1,018 2,773 2,467 3,480 1,031 2,757 2,449 3,479 2,370.0 2,412.4 2,408.8 2,430.5 1,066.7 1,092.5 1,097.8 1,104.8 1,129.8 1,187.9 1,152.9 1,150.7 2,392 1,069 1,167 2,424 1,096 1,198 2,432 1,097 1,177 2,445 1,100 1,178 2,439 1,103 1,191 2,452 1,108 1,187 1,060.6 1,111.8 1,102.2 1,102.8 7,663.1 7,658.1 7,713.8 7,827.6 2,868.3 3,022.5 2,988.8 2,955.8 1,070 7,785 2,931 1,095 7,943 3,005 1,102 7,986 2,994 1,102 7,987 3,015 1,106 7,973 3,016 1,112 7,958 3,023 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,547 7,623 7,631 7,637 Finance............................. 3,681 3,714 3,715 3,712 Depository institutions........... 2,045.1 2,037.1 2,032.5 2,033.0 Commercial banks................ 1,463.5 1,456.6 1,452.6 1,453.5 Savings institutions............ 257.6 250.3 248.8 247.2 Nondepository institutions........ 711.9 704.8 703.5 694.6 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 367.8 349.9 347.9 338.4 Security and commodity brokers.... 661.0 702.3 707.3 713.0 Holding and other investment offices........................ 262.5 269.6 271.9 271.4 Insurance........................... 2,388 2,404 2,405 2,405 Insurance carriers................ 1,627.5 1,630.6 1,630.0 1,628.6 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 760.0 773.1 774.8 776.0 Real estate......................... 1,478 1,505 1,511 1,520 7,595 3,690 2,051 1,469 258 712 368 664 7,675 3,723 2,044 1,460 254 711 357 697 7,685 3,727 2,040 1,458 252 713 357 702 7,685 3,726 2,040 1,458 251 708 353 705 7,696 3,728 2,039 1,457 250 706 351 711 7,685 3,721 2,037 1,458 247 695 339 718 263 2,392 1,632 271 2,411 1,636 272 2,416 1,639 273 2,406 1,632 272 2,412 1,636 271 2,408 1,632 760 1,513 775 1,541 777 1,542 774 1,553 776 1,556 776 1,556 38,556 747 1,789 1,200 8,963 973 3,343 2,967 39,554 774 1,812 1,214 9,336 1,003 3,501 3,097 39,657 765 1,807 1,225 9,392 1,000 3,513 3,108 39,804 788 1,800 1,231 9,416 999 3,505 3,100 39,826 783 1,805 1,228 9,423 1,005 3,516 3,109 39,976 801 1,820 1,234 9,471 1,013 3,535 3,122 Wholesale trade....................... Durable goods....................... Nondurable goods.................... Retail trade.......................... Building materials and garden supplies......................... General merchandise stores.......... Department stores................. Food stores......................... Automotive dealers and service stations......................... New and used car dealers.......... Apparel and accessory stores........ Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... Eating and drinking places.......... Miscellaneous retail establishments. Services3............................. Agricultural services............... Hotels and other lodging places..... Personal services................... Business services................... Services to buildings............. Personnel supply services......... Help supply services............ 6,909 4,091 2,818 22,174 38,297 663.5 1,715.4 1,260.1 8,829.5 966.7 3,235.5 2,864.0 7,049 4,187 2,862 22,627 38,916 666.2 1,699.4 1,275.6 9,184.2 986.3 3,350.3 2,960.2 7,062 4,197 2,865 22,447 39,326 664.3 1,713.3 1,298.0 9,225.9 992.0 3,349.7 2,951.6 39,697 712.3 1,744.0 1,296.0 9,333.7 1,005.8 3,424.9 3,017.5 Computer and data processing services....................... Auto repair, services, and parking.. Miscellaneous repair services....... Motion pictures..................... Amusement and recreation services... Health services..................... Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ Nursing and personal care facilities..................... Hospitals......................... Home health care services......... Legal services...................... Educational services................ Social services..................... Child day care services........... Residential care.................. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... Membership organizations............ Engineering and management services. Engineering and architectural services....................... Management and public relations... Services, nec....................... Government1........................... Federal1............................ Federal, except Postal Service1... State............................... Education......................... Other State government............ Local............................... Education......................... Other local government............ 1,738.5 1,173.8 389.6 582.0 1,514.9 9,918.8 1,869.7 1,198.3 404.1 612.6 1,601.0 10057.0 1,734 1,176 393 580 1,660 9,932 1,829 1,197 400 613 1,734 10,026 1,842 1,198 405 609 1,725 10,038 1,852 1,202 403 616 1,759 10,057 1,859 1,205 406 610 1,759 10,060 1,867 1,199 408 612 1,760 10,072 1,845.7 1,891.0 1,893.1 1,903.4 1,850 1,885 1,886 1,895 1,899 1,908 1,750.2 3,957.9 652.0 989.5 2,385.8 2,752.4 642.2 768.5 1,759.7 3,986.9 651.4 1,009.5 2,468.5 2,900.4 678.0 807.8 1,754 3,963 653 995 2,243 2,744 627 769 1,756 3,978 658 1,012 2,298 2,840 646 796 1,759 3,985 659 1,015 2,304 2,850 650 801 1,760 3,992 658 1,017 2,297 2,872 657 803 1,761 3,989 656 1,014 2,300 2,875 655 807 1,763 3,991 652 1,015 2,321 2,890 661 809 88.9 87.8 87.4 91.1 2,378.7 2,382.2 2,396.5 2,405.5 3,361.5 3,499.9 3,539.5 3,567.6 95 2,392 3,354 96 2,411 3,496 95 2,418 3,515 96 2,420 3,532 95 2,419 3,546 97 2,419 3,560 923.3 959.9 963.5 968.2 1,117.7 1,201.7 1,210.5 1,219.1 54.7 59.2 59.5 58.2 933 1,123 (2) 959 1,196 (2) 964 1,213 (2) 973 1,220 (2) 977 1,219 (2) 978 1,226 (2) 20,087 2,710 1,831 4,680 1,948 2,732 12,697 7,200 5,497 20,269 2,648 1,780 4,729 1,967 2,762 12,892 7,318 5,574 20,315 2,645 1,780 4,730 1,969 2,761 12,940 7,351 5,589 20,365 2,665 1,799 4,727 1,967 2,760 12,973 7,365 5,608 20,387 2,703 1,837 4,726 1,963 2,763 12,958 7,349 5,609 20,529 2,809 1,944 4,728 1,966 2,762 12,992 7,362 5,630 20,482 2,697 1,824.5 4,800 2,086.1 2,714.3 12,985 7,592.4 5,392.3 1,849.8 1,188.3 398.1 607.2 1,503.0 10024.8 1,754.3 3,984.4 650.6 1,010.5 2,243.9 2,848.0 660.2 797.7 20,282 2,644 1,780.2 4,643 1,908.7 2,733.9 12,995 7,523.8 5,470.8 1,859.8 1,198.8 400.9 610.9 1,544.7 10031.5 1,755.2 3,982.9 652.3 1,008.1 2,437.3 2,871.7 667.2 803.6 20,693 2,689 1,827.4 4,823 2,079.6 2,742.9 13,181 7,697.6 5,483.0 20,933 2,799 1,938.8 4,854 2,109.7 2,744.7 13,280 7,759.2 5,520.8 1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000. Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, and 189,000 in January, February, and March 2000, respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000p Mar. 2000p Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000p Mar. 2000p Total private.................... 34.2 34.4 34.2 34.2 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.6 34.5 34.5 Goods-producing......................... 40.5 40.8 40.8 40.8 40.8 41.3 40.9 41.1 41.4 41.1 Mining................................ 42.2 44.3 44.1 43.7 42.9 44.2 44.2 44.9 44.6 44.5 Construction.......................... 37.7 38.3 38.7 38.7 38.5 40.0 38.9 39.4 40.0 39.5 Manufacturing......................... Overtime hours.................... 41.4 4.4 41.6 4.5 41.5 4.4 41.5 4.5 41.5 4.5 41.7 4.6 41.6 4.6 41.7 4.7 41.8 4.8 41.6 4.6 Durable goods........................ Overtime hours.................... 42.0 4.5 42.2 4.7 42.1 4.7 42.1 4.7 42.0 4.6 42.2 4.7 42.1 4.8 42.3 4.8 42.4 4.9 42.3 4.8 Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.8 40.0 42.2 43.9 40.7 40.1 42.4 44.6 40.4 39.8 42.4 44.4 40.4 40.1 42.4 44.1 41.2 40.3 42.9 43.9 41.1 39.9 43.9 44.3 40.9 40.0 43.3 44.4 41.1 40.2 43.6 44.5 41.0 40.4 43.5 44.5 40.8 40.4 43.2 44.2 43.9 41.8 42.1 45.3 42.3 42.5 45.3 42.2 42.4 44.5 42.1 42.5 43.9 42.1 41.9 45.3 42.1 42.2 45.5 41.9 42.2 45.1 42.3 42.5 45.5 42.5 42.4 44.6 42.4 42.4 40.8 43.9 45.1 41.4 40.0 41.6 43.7 44.9 41.4 39.1 41.4 43.9 45.0 41.3 39.4 41.6 43.8 45.0 41.0 39.6 41.0 43.7 44.7 41.2 39.8 41.4 43.5 44.7 41.5 39.6 41.2 43.3 44.4 41.6 39.9 41.4 43.7 45.1 41.2 39.4 41.6 44.0 45.1 41.2 39.6 41.8 43.7 44.7 40.9 39.5 Nondurable goods..................... Overtime hours.................... 40.6 4.2 40.7 4.2 40.6 4.1 40.5 4.1 40.8 4.4 41.0 4.4 40.9 4.5 40.9 4.4 41.0 4.5 40.7 4.3 Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 41.1 38.1 40.3 37.4 43.4 37.9 42.8 43.7 41.8 37.6 41.3 39.1 40.9 37.2 43.4 37.9 42.9 43.3 41.4 36.9 40.9 39.3 41.3 37.6 43.0 37.9 42.5 43.7 41.4 37.5 40.7 38.7 41.4 37.7 42.9 38.1 42.4 43.8 41.3 37.6 41.7 38.8 40.4 37.4 43.7 37.9 42.8 (2) 41.8 37.7 41.9 42.8 41.2 37.3 43.5 38.3 43.1 (2) 41.5 37.6 41.6 43.5 41.2 37.4 43.2 38.2 43.1 (2) 41.3 36.8 41.6 40.4 40.9 37.6 43.3 38.3 43.0 (2) 41.7 37.5 41.5 40.7 41.8 37.8 43.5 38.2 42.7 (2) 41.6 38.1 41.3 39.6 41.5 37.7 43.2 38.1 42.4 (2) 41.3 37.8 Service-producing....................... 32.6 32.8 32.6 32.6 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.8 32.9 Transportation and public utilities... 38.8 38.2 38.2 38.0 39.1 38.2 38.5 38.4 38.4 38.3 Wholesale trade....................... 38.2 38.5 38.2 38.2 38.4 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.4 38.5 Retail trade.......................... 28.6 28.5 28.5 28.6 29.0 28.9 29.1 29.2 29.0 29.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 36.7 36.0 36.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.4 32.7 32.6 32.5 32.6 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.7 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Mar. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000p Mar. 2000p Mar. 1999 Total private.................... Seasonally adjusted............. $13.12 13.11 $13.58 13.49 $13.59 13.55 $13.62 13.60 $448.70 452.30 Goods-producing......................... 14.53 15.04 15.05 15.13 Mining................................ 17.01 17.24 17.15 Construction.......................... 16.79 17.34 Manufacturing......................... 13.73 14.19 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 14.20 11.31 11.10 13.70 15.53 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000p Mar. 2000p $467.15 466.75 $464.78 467.48 $465.80 469.20 588.47 613.63 614.04 617.30 17.22 717.82 763.73 756.32 752.51 17.37 17.47 632.98 664.12 672.22 676.09 14.19 14.24 568.42 590.30 588.89 590.96 14.72 11.66 11.46 13.98 16.22 14.73 11.61 11.50 13.99 16.29 14.78 11.64 11.57 14.05 16.42 596.40 461.45 444.00 578.14 681.77 621.18 474.56 459.55 592.75 723.41 620.13 469.04 457.70 593.18 723.28 622.24 470.26 463.96 595.72 724.12 18.56 13.33 14.81 19.23 13.69 15.39 19.39 13.65 15.39 19.80 13.69 15.38 814.78 557.19 623.50 871.12 579.09 654.08 878.37 576.03 652.54 881.10 576.35 653.65 13.27 17.66 17.98 13.97 11.19 13.74 18.64 19.07 14.38 11.54 13.71 18.65 19.11 14.41 11.56 13.77 18.76 19.21 14.49 11.55 541.42 775.27 810.90 578.36 447.60 571.58 814.57 856.24 595.33 451.21 567.59 818.74 859.95 595.13 455.46 572.83 821.69 864.45 594.09 457.38 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 13.03 11.93 19.33 10.62 8.78 15.78 13.73 17.18 21.59 12.20 9.55 13.39 12.24 17.16 10.84 9.02 16.05 14.10 17.81 21.68 12.55 9.99 13.38 12.25 17.32 10.84 9.01 16.03 14.13 17.80 22.03 12.53 9.87 13.42 12.33 18.54 10.86 9.05 16.08 14.19 17.78 22.30 12.52 9.96 529.02 490.32 736.47 427.99 328.37 684.85 520.37 735.30 943.48 509.96 359.08 544.97 505.51 670.96 443.36 335.54 696.57 534.39 764.05 938.74 519.57 368.63 543.23 501.03 680.68 447.69 338.78 689.29 535.53 756.50 962.71 518.74 370.13 543.51 501.83 717.50 449.60 341.19 689.83 540.64 753.87 976.74 517.08 374.50 Service-producing....................... 12.67 13.13 13.14 13.15 413.04 430.66 428.36 428.69 Transportation and public utilities... 15.51 15.95 16.06 16.04 601.79 609.29 613.49 609.52 Wholesale trade....................... 14.34 15.06 14.96 14.94 547.79 579.81 571.47 570.71 Retail trade.......................... 9.00 9.33 9.34 9.36 257.40 265.91 266.19 267.70 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.53 14.97 14.91 14.94 523.08 549.40 536.76 537.84 Services.............................. 13.33 13.81 13.81 13.83 431.89 451.59 450.21 449.48 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Total private: Current dollars.............. Constant (1982) dollars2..... $13.11 7.86 $13.40 7.86 $13.44 7.87 Goods-producing............... Mining...................... Construction................ Manufacturing............... Excluding overtime4....... 14.61 17.00 16.92 13.71 13.00 14.99 16.93 17.31 14.06 13.32 Service-producing............. Transportation and public utilities................ Wholesale trade............. Retail trade................ Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Services.................... 12.63 Percent change from: Feb. 2000Mar. 2000 Feb. 2000p Mar. 2000p $13.49 7.88 $13.55 7.88 $13.60 N.A. 0.4 (3) 15.03 17.01 17.42 14.09 13.35 15.10 17.01 17.44 14.15 13.42 15.18 17.06 17.55 14.21 13.45 15.23 17.19 17.61 14.24 13.50 .3 .8 .3 .2 .4 12.90 12.95 12.98 13.04 13.09 .4 15.53 14.42 8.98 15.81 14.81 9.20 15.94 14.88 9.26 15.87 14.99 9.26 16.02 14.95 9.31 16.07 15.01 9.34 .3 .4 .3 14.51 13.27 14.73 13.55 14.75 13.60 14.88 13.64 14.84 13.70 14.92 13.75 .5 .4 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .0 percent from January 2000 to February 2000, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Mar. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000p Mar. 2000p Mar. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Feb. 2000p Mar. 2000p Total private.................... 143.5 146.2 145.9 147.0 146.8 149.2 149.4 150.3 150.0 150.5 Goods-producing......................... 110.5 111.4 111.3 112.3 114.2 115.5 114.5 116.2 116.2 116.2 Mining................................ 48.6 49.6 49.2 49.0 50.5 50.4 50.8 51.4 51.0 51.0 Construction.......................... 151.3 159.3 159.3 165.1 169.1 179.0 174.5 181.4 181.6 183.5 Manufacturing......................... 105.8 105.2 105.0 105.0 106.5 106.0 105.7 106.3 106.3 105.9 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 110.1 143.9 134.5 110.8 89.9 110.0 143.8 136.0 110.9 91.0 110.0 142.7 135.5 110.4 90.5 110.2 142.3 136.9 111.8 90.1 110.4 147.9 135.2 115.4 90.0 110.2 147.6 136.1 118.1 90.0 109.8 146.6 135.8 117.0 90.4 110.7 147.6 136.2 118.9 90.6 111.0 147.4 137.2 117.5 90.8 110.6 146.3 137.5 117.0 90.3 68.0 116.3 105.6 70.2 117.9 105.0 69.9 117.6 105.2 69.0 117.8 105.1 68.2 117.0 104.4 69.9 116.9 103.7 70.2 116.5 103.8 70.0 117.8 104.6 70.2 118.6 104.9 69.3 118.6 104.4 104.8 126.4 165.1 75.4 100.4 106.5 123.8 167.0 73.8 97.9 106.2 124.6 167.9 73.5 98.8 107.0 124.6 167.8 73.0 99.5 105.1 125.3 162.7 74.7 100.0 105.8 122.7 165.0 75.1 100.3 105.0 122.2 164.1 74.5 101.8 106.0 124.4 169.4 73.5 100.5 106.6 125.1 169.1 73.1 100.3 107.6 123.7 166.1 72.7 99.6 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 99.9 114.0 54.0 80.7 61.3 105.6 121.7 101.8 74.1 148.9 32.5 98.5 114.2 55.6 78.5 56.2 104.9 120.5 102.9 66.2 149.6 29.2 98.2 112.6 54.3 79.3 57.2 103.7 120.6 102.1 65.4 149.8 29.1 98.0 111.8 45.2 79.5 57.4 103.1 121.5 102.1 65.2 149.2 29.3 101.2 118.8 55.7 81.1 61.5 107.0 121.9 101.8 76.4 148.8 32.4 100.4 119.0 57.3 80.1 57.7 105.4 122.0 103.2 72.4 149.4 30.0 100.1 118.3 58.2 79.8 57.7 105.1 121.4 103.4 72.0 149.5 29.4 100.2 118.3 52.0 78.9 57.7 104.9 121.8 103.7 70.0 150.9 30.0 100.0 116.9 54.4 80.6 57.9 105.4 121.8 102.6 68.6 150.5 29.9 99.3 116.2 47.1 80.0 57.7 104.5 121.8 102.2 67.3 149.1 29.6 Service-producing....................... 158.3 161.8 161.5 162.6 161.5 164.4 165.0 165.6 165.2 165.9 Transportation and public utilities... 131.6 132.1 132.2 132.3 133.8 132.7 134.0 134.5 134.2 134.5 Wholesale trade....................... 129.8 133.0 132.1 132.9 131.3 133.2 134.0 134.7 134.2 135.1 Retail trade.......................... 136.8 139.6 138.2 139.3 141.9 143.3 144.7 145.5 144.4 145.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 137.4 140.9 138.4 138.2 139.3 139.7 140.6 140.7 139.6 140.2 Services.............................. 196.1 201.0 202.2 204.1 198.8 205.0 204.8 205.5 205.7 206.5 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 49.6 56.2 63.8 54.4 57.7 64.9 61.0 57.9 58.3 p52.5 59.4 61.9 58.8 52.1 p57.9 55.1 62.8 60.5 58.8 61.9 58.8 55.9 51.5 60.8 56.3 57.9 57.0 57.0 60.7 58.0 57.6 62.5 61.0 55.8 50.0 57.3 59.4 54.6 55.1 63.5 65.4 52.9 57.2 59.7 63.6 59.1 57.9 61.2 62.1 58.6 57.7 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 62.6 63.8 66.7 60.7 p59.7 62.5 63.6 66.2 55.9 p60.7 63.3 67.7 64.5 59.6 63.1 67.3 63.9 54.6 63.1 62.6 61.4 56.3 64.3 61.7 58.7 56.2 64.3 61.4 60.0 56.2 62.2 66.2 58.4 59.0 64.6 67.3 57.6 57.4 64.2 69.9 57.6 59.6 66.2 70.8 59.0 60.8 63.2 71.2 60.4 60.5 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 62.6 67.4 70.6 61.1 65.2 68.3 66.9 58.8 64.5 65.6 65.9 57.3 65.2 67.0 62.4 59.0 64.7 65.6 62.6 55.2 64.6 64.9 61.1 57.4 67.0 66.3 58.0 56.9 65.4 68.4 59.8 61.5 65.9 69.7 60.0 61.0 66.7 71.3 60.8 59.7 66.9 71.3 60.8 p61.4 66.7 71.9 58.0 p62.2 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 64.5 69.0 70.4 60.1 66.7 67.3 68.3 57.3 64.5 68.3 67.1 57.0 65.6 69.7 64.0 57.6 68.5 69.5 62.1 58.7 67.3 70.1 61.7 59.0 67.7 70.1 61.8 58.8 66.4 70.4 63.8 p57.9 68.0 70.5 59.8 p61.0 69.9 69.7 59.0 68.7 69.8 59.3 66.9 71.3 58.6 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 42.4 50.0 58.6 40.3 51.1 55.4 52.9 51.8 42.4 p47.8 46.8 53.6 50.4 39.6 p47.5 41.0 56.1 50.4 44.6 55.8 52.2 40.6 36.3 51.4 53.2 46.8 45.3 47.1 51.1 40.3 57.2 56.5 55.4 45.3 38.5 48.9 53.6 42.1 42.8 55.0 62.2 36.3 48.9 50.7 61.2 39.9 50.7 54.0 55.4 45.0 49.3 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 46.8 51.8 59.4 37.4 p48.6 46.0 51.4 57.9 31.7 p49.3 43.5 57.6 51.8 37.1 46.0 56.8 44.2 30.2 48.2 54.3 41.7 33.8 51.1 51.8 34.9 43.9 51.8 53.6 37.4 43.2 49.6 55.4 37.1 44.6 53.2 59.7 38.1 38.5 52.5 68.3 34.2 46.4 55.0 65.8 35.6 50.0 50.7 64.4 35.3 50.4 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 41.4 54.7 59.7 33.1 46.0 54.0 49.3 29.1 45.7 51.4 48.2 28.1 47.1 54.3 36.7 36.0 46.0 52.5 36.7 30.9 48.6 52.2 36.7 34.5 52.9 55.4 28.4 36.3 50.4 61.2 31.3 44.6 51.8 61.5 33.5 45.7 51.4 64.7 35.3 41.4 52.5 66.2 32.7 p47.1 51.8 65.1 28.1 p48.2 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 43.5 54.7 54.0 32.7 47.5 52.5 49.3 25.9 45.3 54.0 46.0 28.4 45.3 54.0 40.6 29.5 50.4 55.4 35.6 29.9 49.6 56.8 33.8 31.7 50.4 57.2 30.9 34.9 48.6 57.9 32.0 p33.5 51.1 58.3 26.6 p38.8 55.0 56.5 26.6 54.3 55.4 25.5 50.7 57.2 26.3 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.