Full text of The Employment Situation : March 1990
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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information (202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
Media contact:
523-1913
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 90-167
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EOT), FRIDAY,
APRIL 6, 1990
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: MARCH 1990
Unemployment was about unchanged in March, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall
jobless rate was 5.1 percent and the civilian worker rate was 5.2 percent.
These rates have changed very little in the last year and a half.
After showing marked strength in January and February, private sector
employment, as reported by the survey of business establishments, showed no
growth in March. Government en^loyment was buoyed by hiring for the
decennial census. The household survey did register a gain in March, but
growth as measured by that survey has lagged far behind that from the
payroll survey for some time.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons was little changed in March at 6.5
million, seasonally adjusted, and the unenployment rate was about unchanged
at 5.2 percent. The jobless rates for all major worker groups—whites (4.5
percent), blacks (10.6 percent), Hispanics (7.7 percent), adult men (4.5
percent), adult women (4.7 percent), and teenagers (14.4 percent)—were
also about unchanged in March. (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
There were 1.3 million persons in March who had been jobless for 15
weeks or longer, representing 20 percent of the unemployed total. The
median duration was a comparatively low 5*1 weeks, meaning that half of the
unemployed had been looking for work for less than this time and half for
longer. (See table A-7.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total civilian employment rose slightly in March to 118.3 million,
seasonally adjusted, and the employment-population ratio, at 63.1 percent,
equaled the all-time high reached last June. Over the past year, total
employment increased by only 1.2 million (versus 2.5 million, as measured
by the survey of businesses). (See table A-2.)
The civilian labor force (124.8 million) edged up over the month,
while the labor force participation rate (66.6 percent) was about
unchanged. Over the year, the labor force rose bv nearly 1.6 million.
(See table A-2.)
- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data
Quarterly
averages
1989
Category
IV
1
Feb.Mar.
;change
1990
! 1990
Jan.
I
! Feb.
! Mar.
Thousands of persons
BOOSEBOLD DATA
126,0981 126,300: 126,094! 126,308! 126,498! 190
Total employment 1/. 119,474! 119,758! 119f560! 119,713! 120,003! 290
Civilian labor force.• 124,394! 124,619! 124,397! 124,630! 124,829! 199
Civilian employment. ! 117,770! 118,077! 117,863! 118,035! 118,334! 299
6,624! 6,541! 6,535! 6,594! 6,495! -99
Not in labor force.... ! 62,624! 62,793! 62,896! 62,782! 62,700! -82
Discouraged workers.
827!
747!
N.A.!
N.A.!
N.A.! N.A.
•
•
i
'
«
i
'
(
I
i
I
I
Percent of labor force
j
Uneirployment rates:
All workers 1/
All civilian workers
!
Adult women
!
White
!
Black.....
Hispanic origin...
•
5.3!
5.3!
4.6!
4.8!
15.2!
4.5!
11.8!
8.1!
i
i
5.2!
5.2!
4.6!
4.7!
14.5!
4.6!
10.8!
7.5!
I
•
'
i
5.2!
5.3!
4.7!
4.6!
14.5!
4.5!
11.3!
7.1!
I
i
\
i
5.2!
5.3!
4.6!
4.8!
14.8!
4.6!
10.5!
7.8!
I
<
5.1! -0.1
5.2! -.1
4.5! -.1
4.7! -.1
14.4! -.4
4.5! -.1
10.6! .1
7.7! -.1
I
,
i
i
ESrAHTiTSffffiOT DATA
Thousands of jobs
Nbnfarm employment....
109,398!pllO,177! 109,931!pllO,287!pllO,313! p26
25,581! p25,595! 25,518! p25,682! P25,586! p-96
83,816! p84,582! 84,413! p84,605! p84,727! pl22
Service-producing...
•
'
i
t
,
Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
:
p34.6!
p40.7!
P 3.7!
:
:
:
34.5! p34.6! p34.6! p.O
40.7: p40.7! p40.7! p.O
3.7!
p3.6!
P 3.7! pO.l
1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
N.A.=not available.
p=preliminary.
Overtime
..•..
:
34.6!
40.7!
3.7!
- 3 Discouraged Workers (Household Survey Data)
At a seasonally adjusted level of 750,000 in the first quarter, the
number of discouraged workers—persons who report they want to work but are
not looking for jobs because they believe they could not find any—was
slightly lower than in the fourth quarter of 1989. Over the year, the
number of discouraged workers has declined by about 100,000 to the lowest
level since 1979. About two-thirds of the total cited job-market
conditions for not seeking work, while the remainder cited personal factors
(such as age or lack of education). Blacks and women make up a
disproportionately large share of all discouraged workers. (See table A14.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm employment was about unchanged in March, after seasonal
adjustment, at a level of 110,3 million. This followed unusually large job
gains in January and February. (See table B-l.)
In the goods-producing sector, construction erployment fell by 65,000,
after seasonal adjustment. This followed very sizable employment increases
(seasonally adjusted) in the first 2 months of this year, when mild weather
allowed builders to retain more workers than usual through the winter
months.
Manufacturing employment declined by 30,000, seasonally adjusted,
continuing the pattern of weakness that has characterized the industry over
the past year. Snail declines were widespread, although auto employment,
which had declined markedly in the second half of 1989, held steady in
March. Overall, manufacturing has lost nearly 250,000 jobs since reaching
a post-recession high in March 1989 , with most of the weakness occurring in
the major metal and metal-using industries within durable goods.
In the service-producing sector, government employment advanced by
75,000 in March, primarily reflecting the hiring of workers to assist in
conducting the 1990 census. The services industry added 50,000 jobs,
mostly in health services. The overall services increase, which was much
smaller than average for the industry, followed 2 months of strong job
growth. Small job gains (about 10,000 each) also occurred in wholesale
trade and in the insurance component of the finance, insurance, and real
estate industry. Retail trade. employment declined for the second straight
month, falling by 25,000 in March; despite a large increase in January, job
growth in this industry thus far in 1990 is well below last year's pace.
Finally, growth was held down in transportation and public utilities
because of a bus strike.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek, for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfaxm payrolls was unchanged in March at 34.6 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was also unchanged, at 40.7 hours,
while factory overtime edged up 0.1 hour to 3.7 hours. (See table B-2.)
- 4 The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or
nonsupervisory workers was unchanged in March at 130.1 (1977=100), after
seasonal adjustment. The index for manufacturing edged down over the month
to 94.2. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Both average hourly and weekly earnings of private production or
nonsupervisory workers rose by 0.4 percent in March, after seasonal
adjustment. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings rose 2
cents to $9.93 and average weekly earnings increased $1.68 to $341.59*
Over the year, both average hourly and weekly earnings increased by 3.9
percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.)
The Employment Situation for April 1990 will be released on Friday,
May 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EOT),
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics <BLSK
The establishment survey provides the information on the
e m p l o y m e n t , hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-I and the most comprehensive yields U-7,
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the.
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys arc described in
•'Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonally may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminaied by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
schoofs-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonaiity), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for 6
months; along with the introduction of new benchmarks, which are
discussed at the end of the next section, and again with the release
of data for October. In both surveys, revisions to data published
over the previous 5 years are made once a year.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more thanthe standard error
from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances arc approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for S8.50 per issue or 525.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes.** Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
i
Seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1989
Mar.
1990
Nov.
1989
Mar.
1989
Dec.
1989
Jan.
1990
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
188.990
126.094
66.7
119.560
63.3
1,697
117.863
3.134
114,728
6.535
5.2
62.896
189,090
126.308
66.8
119,713
63.3
1.678
118.035
3,079
114.957
6.594
189,198
126.498
66.9
120.003
63.4
1.669
118,334
3.200
115,133
6,495
5.2
5.1
62,782
62,700
90.822
69.639
76.7
66,108
72.8
1.506
64.602
3,530
90.874
69,712
76.7
66.208
72.9
1,497
64.711
3.505
5.0
98.268
56,669
57.7
53,605
54.5
172
53.433
3.064
TOTAL
NoninstitutionaJ population
Labor force
Participation rate
Total employed
Employment-population ratio
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagncultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
187.581 189.090 189.198 i 187.581 188,721 188.865
123,907 125.120 125,458 124,929 i 126.192 : 126,246
66.8
66.2
66.3
66.6 ;
66.1
66.9
117,528 | 117,986 118.762 118.731 119,540 ! 119,588
62.4
62.7
62.8
63.3 ;
63.3 I
63.3
1,678
1.704
1.684 ;
1.684 i
1.669
1,700
115,844 116,308 ! 117,093 117,047 ! 117,836 117.888
3,185 I 3,160
2.934 i 2.693
3.197
2,938
112.911 113.615 114.155 113,862 ! 114,676 114.691
6,658
7,134
6.697
6.198
6.378
6,652
5.7
5.1 i
5.3
5.0 i
5.3
5.3
63,674
63,970
63.740
62.619
62.652 ; 62,529
i
,
I
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population
Labor force
Participation rate
Total employed
Employment-population ratio'.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 16 years and over
NoninstitutionaJ population
Labor force
....
Participation rate
Total employed
Employment-population ratio .
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
i
90,822
90,032
68.885
68.472
75.8
76.1 I
64,875 i 64.799
71.3
72.1 i
1,506
1.521
63.354
63,293
1 4,087
3,597
5.9
5.3
!
j
!
!
98,268
97.550
55,435 \ 56.235
57.2
56.8 !
52.654 i 53,188
54.1
54.0 i
i
5.6
98.324
56,379
57.3
53.529
54.4
90.032 i
69,100 |
76.8 i
65,814 ;
73.1 !
1.521 :
64.293 |
3,286 i
4.8 |
90,606
69,635
76.9
66.011
72.9
1,529
64.482
3.624
90,678
69,725
76.9
66.143
72.9
1.525
64.618
3,562
5.2
5.1
90,772
69,539
76.6
65.943
72.6
1.523
64,420
3,597
5.2
98.115
56,557
57.6
53.529
54.6
98.187
56.521
57.6
53.445
54.4
98,218
56.555
57.6
53.617
54.6
172
172
53,016
52.491
3,047
2,781
5.4
5.0 I
53.357
2.849
97,550
55,829
57.2
52.917
54.2
163
52.754
2.912
5.1
5.2
163
\
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
90,874
69,080
76.0
65.232
71.8
1,497
63.735
3.847
|
;
j
!
!
;
i
;
175
175
174
53.354
3.028
53.270
3,076
5.4
5.4
53.443
2,938
5.2
5.1
5.4
98,324
56,785
57.8
53,795
54.7
172
53,623
2.990
5.3
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
' Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and iQt
(Numbers in thousands)
Staaonatfy adjusted
Not stasonalty adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Nov.
1989
5.4
185.897
123,245
66.3
117,047
63.0
6.198
5.0
187,017
124,488
66.6
117,836
63.0
6.652
5.3
82.378
63.932
77.6
60,654
73.6
2,125
58,530
3,277
5.1
81.333
63,468
78.0
60,783
74.7
2,309
58,474
2,685
4.2
81,968
63.967
78.0
61,033
74.5
2.292
58,741
2.934
4.6
82.055
64,071
78.1
61,154
74.5
2,293
58.861
2,917
90,242
51,876
57.5
49,467
54.8
91,042
52,586
57.8
50,048
55.0
48,820
2,409
90.952
52,541
57.8
50,043
55.0
624
49,419
2.498
4.9
91,237
52.723
57.8
50,343
55.2
598
49,746
2,380
4.5
4.6
4.8
4.8
14,008
6,993
49.9
5,893
42.1
13,914
7,135
51.3
6.095
43.8
14,323
7,901
55.2
6.797
47.5
229
6.568
1.104
14.0
14.097
7.980
56.6
6,760
48.0
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
185.897
122,223
65.7
115,844
62.3
6,378
5.2
187,412
123,442
65.9
116,308
62.1
7,134
5.8
187,529
123,789
66.0
117,093
62.4
6,697
81.333
63,210
77.7
60,191
74.0
2.166
58,025
3.019
4.8
82.248
63,760
77.5
60.286
73.3
2,015
58,270
3.474
90,242
51.803
57.4
49,462
54.8
594
48,868
2.341
91.157
52.689
57.8
50,129
55.0
524
49,605
2.560
4.5
14,323
7,210
50.3
6.192
43.2
Mar.
Dec.
1989
Mar.
1989
1989
:
i
Jan.
1990
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
TOTAL
Civilian nomnstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men,
187,165 , 187.293 i 187.412 | 187,529
124,546 124,397 | 124,630 ! 124,829
66.5
66.4 I
66.5 I 66.6
117,888 117.863 j 118.035 I 118.334
63.0
62.9 I
63.0 | 63.1
6,658
6,535 I 6.594 i 6.495
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
20 years and over
Civilian nonmstitutionai population.
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
•
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agnculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
,
5.4
4.6
82.168
63.958
77.8
60.976
74.2
2.269
58.706
2,983
4.7
82.248
64,101
77.9
61,172
74.4
2.254
58.918
2.929
4.6
82.378
64,183
77.9
61.270
74.4
2,268
59,002
2,913
4.5
91,091
52.686
57.8
50.255
55.2
594
49.661
2,431
4.6
91.157
52.814
57.9
50,287
55.2
582
49,704
2.527
4.8
91.237
52.800
57.9
50,344
55.2
648
49,696
2.456
4.7
14,034
14,008
7.752 i
7,715
55.2
55.1
6,577
6.631 i
47.0
47.3 |
243
270 |
6.334
6.361 j
1.138
1.121 t
14.8
14.5 I
13,914
7,846
56.4
6,720
48.3
285
6.435
1.126
14.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian nonmstitutionai population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agncuiture
NonagriculturaJ industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
647
618
49,430
2,538
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
174
154
216
6.018
1.018
14.1
5.740
1,100
15.7
5,879
1,040
14.6
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
14,067
7.889
56.1
6.686
47.5
244
286 !
6.400
6.516
1,220 \
1,203
15.2
15.3
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutionaJ
population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Mar.
1989
Feb.
1990
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
1990
Mar.
1989
Nov.
1989
Dec.
1989
Feb.
1990
Jan.
1990
Mar.
1990
WHITE
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
'.
Unemployment rate
.
I 159,020 !
i 105,100
j
66.1
! 100,435 !
i
63.2 ;
j 4,664
j
4.4
i
I
55,070
78.2
52.800
;
75.0
! 2,270
I
4.1
I
!
t 43.767
\
56.9
; 42,115
!
54.7 '
1,652 j
j
3.8 j
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
!
!
!
j
I
i
:
i
\
Civilian nomnstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
:
,
6,262 j
53.9 i
5,520 \
47.5
742
11.9 .
13.8
9-8
160.007 160.076 j 159.020
106,113 106,292 ! 105.926
66.4 |
66.6
66.3
100.689 101.273 ! 101.413
63.3 •
63.8
62.9 i
5,018 ! 4.513
5.425 I
4.7
4.3
5.1
159,736
106.834
66.9
101.991
63.8
4,843
4.5
159.832 |159,938
106,896 j 106.884
66.9 | 66.8
102,032 |102,074
63.8 ! 63.8
4.864 i 4.811
4.6!
4.5
55.554 < 55,633
55,308 ! 55.676 : 55,747
78.5 .
78.5 i
78.5
78.1 :
78.1
53,300
53,482 ! 53,580
52.851 ' 53,111
!
75.7
75.4 •
75.5
74.6 j
74.3
2,008
2.194
2,167
2,521
2.703
3.6
3.9
3.9
4.5 I
4.9 i
44,512
44,513
57.3
57.4
42.654 . 42.808
55.1
55.0 '
1.705
1.860 ,
3.8
4.2!
I
55,771
78.4
53,560
75.3
2.211
4.0
i 160.007 160.076
j 107.080 107,061
I 66.9
66.9
| 102.117
I
63.8
' 4.962
i
4.6
102.206
63.8
4,856
4.5
I 55.815
78.4
| 53,547
75.2
!
! 2,268
4.1
!
j 55,828
j
78.4
! 53.593
75.2
i 2,235
I
4.0
I
43,797
56.9
42.102
54.7
1,695
3.9
44,360 i 44,469 I 44.475
57.4 I
57.4
57.3
42,586 • 42.641 j 42.718
55.1
55.0
55.0 I
1,774
1.757
1.828 |
4.1
4.0
4.0
6,011
51.7
810
11.9
13.0
10.7
6.798
59.7
5.923
52.0
875
12.9
14.3
11.3
6,680
58.9
5,811
51.2
869
13.0
14.0
11.9
21,164
13.522 i
63.9
11,920
56.3
1,602
11.8
6,046
53.7 '
6,146 |
54.8 I
6.821
58.7
5.184 I
46.0
862
14.3
15.1
13.3
5.354 j
47.7 !
792
12.9
13.8 |
12.0 i
6,639 I
58.7
5.796
51.3
843
12.7
12.9 |
12.4 I
44.615 | 44,523
57.5 i
57.4
42,782 ! 42,765
55.2 j
55.1
1,833 j
1.758
4.1 !
3.9
6.650 j
59.0 |
5.788 I
51.4 1
862 i
13.0 !
12.7 I
13.2 !
6.710
59.8
5,847
52.1
863
12.9
13.0
12.7
BLACK
20,930
: 13.243
63.3
11.761
56.2
i .483
11.2
21.188
13,292
62.7
11,798
55.7
1.494
11.2
21,211
13.393
63.1
11,954
56.4
1,440
10.7
20,930
13,429
64.2
11,952
57.1
1,477
11.0
21.136
13.576
64.2
11,954
56.6
1.622
11.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,187
74
-3
5.541
66.6
646
!0.4
6.132
72.8
5.474
65.0
656
10.7
6.193
73.1
5.558
65.7
635
10.3
6,219
747
5.611
67.4
608
9.8
6.247
74.2
5,587
66.4
660
10.6
6,244
74.0
5,569
66.0
675
10.8
6,189
73.5
5.496
65.2
693
11.2
6,172
73.3
5.603
66.6
569
9.2
6,227
73.6
5,631
66.5
596
9.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation ra»e
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6.281
60.2
5.699
54.6
582
9.3
6.417
60.7
5.792
54.7
625
9.7
6,413
60.5
5,837
55.1
576
9.0
6.325
60.6
5.735
55.0
590
9.3
6,373
60.4
5.722
54.2
651
10.2
6,311
59.7
5.681
53.8
630
10.0
6,393
60.5
5,802
54.9
591
9.2
6.423
60.7
5.821
55.0
602
9.4
6.456
60.9
5.872
55.4
584
9.0
775
35.6
521
24.0
255
32.8
29.3
36.4
744
34.0
532
24.3
211
28.4
31.2
25.5
787
36.6
559
26.0
226
29.0
30.5
27.5
885
40.7
606
27.9
279
31.5
29.0
34.3
956
44.0
645
29.7
311
32.5
32.3
32.7
967
44.6
670
30.9
297
30.7
30.1
31.4
928
42.8
680
31.3
248
26.7
29.2
24.0
842
38.5
606
27.7
236
28.0
28.5
27.5
898
41.7
645
30.0
253
28.2
30.0
26.2
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
:
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
Men
Women
See footnotes at end of table.
21.163 • 21,188 • 21.211
13,510 ! 13.437 | 13.581
63.8 I
64.0
63.4 j
11.978 ' 12.030 I 12.148
56.6 !
56.8 )
57.3
1.532 1
1.407 !
1,433
10.6
10.5 |
11.3 I
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seaaonatly ad|ustsd
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic ongtn
Mar.
1969
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
Mar.
1989
Nov.
1989
i 13,649 i
j 9.109 !
!
66.7 !
8,504 (
:
62.3 i
i
605 !
i
6.6 !
14.119
9,347
66.2
8,562
60.6
785
14,159
9.466
66.9
8,752
61.8
713
7.5
! 13.649 .
: 9.201 ;
67.4
j
j 8.581
62.9
I
I
620 :
6.7
I
13,977
9.424
67.4
8,672
62.0
752
8.0
Jan.
1990
Dec.
1989
Feb.
1990
Ma/.
1990
14,119 9.400 :
66.6 !
8,666 !
61.4 |
734 |
7.8
14,159
9,565
67.6
8,831
62.4
734
7.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8.4
:
=
'
'
:
14,019 | 14.080 .
9,495 i 9.440 :
67.7 j
67.0 :
8,691 i 8,769 i
62.3 !
62.0 !
804J
671 !
7.1 i
8.5!
population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category
Mar.
1989
Feb.
1990
1990
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
1939
Nov.
1989
Dec.
1989
;
I
;
Jan.
1990
j
I
i
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
I
CHARACTERISTIC
I
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men. spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
115,844
40.754
29,628
6,275
116,308
40,768
29,615
6,384
117.093
40.784
29.796
6,297
> 117,047 117.836 j 117.888 | 117.863 118.035 118.334
i 40.976* 40,886; 41,041 | 40,982
41.347
40,989
J 29,485 ! 29,767' 29,695 i 29.897 1 29704 I 29.618
; 6,267 • 6,351 ; 6,349 j 6,215 j 6!378
6,291
I
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagncultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1.517
1,298
119
1.353
1,253
77
1,489
1.349
100
104.143
17.625
86,518
1.084
85.434
8,420
347
104,930
17,906
87.024
956
86.068
3.404
282
105,230
17.972
87.258
950
86.308
8,640
284
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
4.784
2,306
2.204
16,510
4,897
2.551
2,036
16,196
Nonagncultural industnes:
Part ume for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
4,572
2.148
2.155
16.095
4712
2.404
2,010
15.804
.-
1,651
1.403
137
1.687
1,373 ;
122
104,948 105.960
17.376 17,681
87,572
88.279
1.677 i
1,369 ;
125 |
105.643
17728
87.915
1.077
36.838
8.653
251
1,634
1.354
107
; 105.747
! 17,626
| 88.121
i
1.035
i 37,086
-• 8733
256
1.578 !
1,375 I
118 I
106.117
17.607
88,510
1.021
87.489
8,628
313
1.620
1,457
115
I
!
I
!
I
j
:
106.029
17,724
88.306
1,003
87.302
8.852
261
1.149
86,423
8.631
319
1.051
87,228
8.528
264
4,814
2.503
1.980
16,469
4,978
2,283
2.368
15.510
4.803
2.297
2.162
15,254
4,802 ,
2.277
2.106
15.388
4.983 .
2,402
2.255
14,931
4.887
2t307
2.211 .
15.381 :
5.004
2.476
2.127
15,464
4,605
2,355
1.931
15,993
4.720
2.095
2.290
15.074
4.552
2.132
2,097
14,805
4,554
2.111
2.051
14,983
4,729
2.240
2.172
14,515
4703 :
2.183
2,173
14,924
4.747
2.293
2.050
14,975
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
penod for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industnal dispute.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table. A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data
Quarterly averages
Measure
1989
1990
'
III
'
IV
i
1.1 ;
i.i
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force
1.1
U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
2.4 i
2.3 i
2.4 :
2.5
U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force for persons 25 years and over
,
4.0 !
4.0
4.0 |
U~4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force
4.9 i
4.9
1990
Jan.
Feb. Mar.
1.1
1.1
1.1
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.4
4.1
4.2
4.2
4.2
4.1
5.0
5.0
4.9
5.0
4.9
4.9
;
i
U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces
5.1 |
5.2
5.2 j
5.3
5.2
5.2 j 5.2
5.1
U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force .
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.3 I
5.2
U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1 /2 part-time jobseekers plus
1 / 2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1 / 2 of the part-time labor force
7.2
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.2
U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers
plus 112 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1 ft of the part-time labor force
7.9 •
8.0 |
7.9 ! 7.9
5.3
7.3
7.2
7.2
7.8 ! N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
N.A. = not available.
Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates
Category
Mar.
1990
Mar.
1989
Feb.
1990
6,198 :
3.286
2.685
2,912
2.409:
U04
6.594
3.530
2,929
3,064
2,527
1.138;
Mamed men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
1.221
1.082
541
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost
Dec.
1989
Jan.
1990
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
5.3
• 5.3
i 4.6
i 5.5
; 4.8
; 15.2
5.3
5.3
4.7
5.2
4.6
14.5
5.3
5.2
4.6
5.4
4.8
14.8
5.2
5.1
4.5
5.3
4.7
14.4
3.1
3.8
8.2
3.0
3.9
8.1
3.4
3.7
7.5
3.0
3.8
7.5
3.2
3.6
8.4
4.8
6.4
5.9
5.0
7.4
5.9
5.0
7.5
6.0
5.0
7.0
6.0
4.9
7.4
5.9
4.9
7.2
5.9
5.1
6.0
7.0
9.6
4.8
4.6
5.1
4.8
3.9
5.7
4.3
2.7
8.9
5.4
6.3
6.2
9.8
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.0
3.6
6.4
4.3
2.7
12.1
5.4
6.5
4.4
9.8
5.6
5.4
5.9
4.9
3.4
6.3
4.2
2.6
9.7
5.5
6.7
6.8
9.3
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.0
4.3
6.2
4.3
2.4
9.2
5.5
6.6
4.8
8.9
5.9
5.5
6.4
5.0
4.0
6.0
4.4
2.5
9.3
5.5
6.6
5.9
10.0
5.5
5.3
5.9
5.0
3.4
6.2
4.5
2.3
10.1
Mar.
1989
Nov.
1989
6.495!
3,505i
2.913!
2.990I
2.456i
1,126!
5.0
4.9
4.2
5.2
4.6
14.0
5.3
5.3
4.6
5.4
4.8
15.3
1,296
1.173
518
1.334!
1.114;
574:
2.9
3.5
7.9
5.038
1.158
-
5.238
1.345
- •
5.185i
1.307'
—
4.751
1.749 •
51
621
1.077
606
471
3.002
254
1.326
1.422
474
162
5,126
1.938 '
36
599
1.303
722
581
3.189
259
1.453
1.477
443
161
5,130:
1,922!
45.
667'
1.211
694517t
3.208
217
1,462
1.528
412
183
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men. 16 years and over
,.
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women. 20 years and over
Both sexes. 16 to 19 years
:
;
INDUSTRY
Nonagncultural pnvate wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agncultural wage and salary workers
7.
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally ad|usted
Weeks of unemployment
Mar.
1989
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
Mar.
1989
Nov.
1989
Oec.
1989
Jan.
1990
Feb.
1990
2,756
2.072
1.550
851
699
3,067
2.555
1.511
845
666
2.859
2.289
1,549
885
664
3.072
1.849
1.335
672 '
663 i
3.258
1.991
1.422
765
657
3.302
2,013 ,
1.382 i
730 j
632
3.119
2.012
1.430
777
653
3.159
2.079
1.369
731
638
3.194
2.044
1.333
702
631
12.9
6.8
11.7
5.9
12.5
6.3
12.4
5.5
11.6
4.8
11.5 I
4.8 i
12.1
5.1
11.7
5.4
12.0
5.1
100.0
43.2
32.5
24.3
13.3
11.0
100.0
43.0
35.8
21.2
11.8
9.3
100.0
42.7
34.2
23.1
13.2
9.9
100.0
49.1
29.6
21.3
10.7
10.6
100.0
48.8
29.8
21.3
11.5
9.8
100.0 •
49.5'
30.1 !
20.4
10.9 i
9.5!
100.0
47.5
30.7
21.8
11.8
9.9
100.0
47.8
31.5
20.7
11.1
9.7
100.0
48.6
31.1
20.3
10.7
9.6
Mar.
1990
DURATION
Less man 5 weeks
5 to U weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
„
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
j
:
,
:
i
:
,
!
Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Reasons
Mar.
1989
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
Mar.
1989
Nov.
1989
Dec.
1989
Jan.
1990
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3.176
996
2,180
850
1.721
631
3,646
1.282
2.365
1.030
1.837
619
3,378
1,165
2,212
955 •
1.798
565
2.852
100.0
49.8
15.6
34.2
13.3
27.0
9-9
100.0
51.1
18.0
33.2
14.4
25.8
8.7
2.6
.7
1.4
3.0
.8
1.5
.5
.5
3.097
957
2.140
1.055
1.853
713
3.092
969
2.123
1,049
1.845
695
100.0
50.4
17.4
33.0
14.3
26.9
8.4
100.0
45.7
12.9
32.8
14.5
28.4
11.4
100.0
46.3
14.5
31.8
15.7
27.6
10.4
100.0
46.3
14.3
32.0
15.8
27.7
10.3
2.7
.8
1.5
.5
2.3
.7
2.5
.8
1.5
.6
2.5
.8
1.5
.6
806
2.046
902
1.774
686
i
;
i
;
i
3.183 •
1,033 |
2.150 j
1.016 |
1.730 |
640 !
i
3,103 i
100.0;
48.5
15.7
32.7
15.5
26.3
9.7
100.0 •
47.1
14.6
32.4
15.3
27.4
10.3
2.6
.8
2.5
.8
1.4
1.4
.5
.5
9 6 4 ••
2.139
1.006
1.805
660
i
|
I
j
3,038
941
2.097
1,014
1,859
644
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
-
100.0
46.3
14.4
32.0
15.5
28.4
9.8
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers ....
Reentrants
New entrants.
1.4
.6
2.4
.8
1.5
.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
1slumber of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unempfoyment rates
Sex and age
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over ,
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Mar.
1989
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
6,198
2.231
1.104
6.594
2.294
1.138
494
616
509
609
6.495
2.274
1.126 .
520 J
1,127
3.981
3,558
1.156
4,304
3.781
419
526
3,286
1,165
3.530
1,226
601
269
340
564
601
259
336
625
2,138
1.890
2.313
2.018
2,291
1.997
250
308
300
2,912
1.066
3.064
1,069
503
225
537
250
1.038 '
534 :
253 •
276
563
273
532
279
504
1.843
1.668
1,991
1.763
169
218
Mar.
1989
5.0
10.0
14.0 .
15.8
12.9
615
7.9
3.9
4.2
1.148 '
4,237
3.727 '
515 :
3.505 i
1,236 '
592 .
267 •
336
644 •
2.990 •-.
1.945
1,730
216 :
Nov.
1989
5.3
11.3
15.3
17.4
13.8
Dec.
Jan.
1990
1989
5.3
5.3
11.2
10.6
14.5
14.8
14.2
15.2
18.1
13.4
2.7
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.2
3.2
8.5
4.2
4.3
3.4
4.9
5.3
5.3
5.3
10.0
14.6
16.5
13.6
12.0
16.7
19.0
15.1
7.5
3.8
4.0
2.3
9.4
4.0
4.1
3.5
5.2
5.4
10.1
13.3
15.1
12.0
10.4
13.8
15.7
12.3
8.3
4.1
4.3
8.5
4.2
4.4
2.9
2.6
8.9
4.1
4.3
11.8
16.1
19.6
13.8 .
9.5 i
3.9
4.0
3.6
;
;
5.5
10.4 '•
14.3 '
16.5 ;
13.0 :
8.2 !
4.3
4.6
2.7
Feb.
1990
i
11.2
15.1
14.2
15.6
8.9
4.2
4.3
3.6
5.2
10.1
13.7
15.5
12.6
8.0
4.1
4.3
3.3
Mar.
1990
5.3
5.2
10.7
14.8
1
16.8
'> 13.0
:
8.4
10.5
14.4
16.9
12.9
'
4.2
4.3
1
3.4 '
5.2
10.9
14.9
16.5
13.7
8.6
4.1
4.2
:
5.1
10.9
14.7
16.9
13.6
!
:
:
3.5
5.4 ;
10.4 i
14.6 i
17.3 i
12.3 !
8.1 |
4.3 |
4-5 j
3.3
8.3
4.1
4.3
3.3
i
8.8
4.0
4.2
3.4
5.3
10.0
14.0
16.9
12.0
7.7
4.2
4.4
3.3
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employmim"po|^ato"rato'Z...!;!
Unemployed
Unemptoymemraie""!
I."
Not in labor force
Mar.
1989
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
Mar.
1989
Nov.
1989
Dec.
1989
Jan.
1990
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
26.877
17.123
63.7
15,409
57.3
1 714
10.0
9-754
27.405
17.329
63.2
15.620
57.0
1 709
9.9
10.076
27.453
17.498
63.7
15.820
57.6
1
.678
9.6
9.955
26.877
17.345
64.5
15,639
58.2
1.706
9.8
9.532
27.280
17,686
64.8
15.861
58.1
1.825
10.3
9.594
27,332
17,648
64.6
15.841
58.0
1.807
10.2
9.684
27.355
17,602
64.3
15.827
57.9
1.775
10.1
9.753
27.405
17,545
64.0
15.927
58.1
1,618
9.2
9,860
27.453
17,727
64.6
16,061
58.5
1.667
9.4
9,726
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal vanation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian nontnstitutionat
population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Occupation
Total. 16 years and over
.
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
Mar.
1989
Mar.
1990
115,844
117,093
30*520
14,804
15,717
30.746
14743
16.003
35.402
3,633
13.682
18.087
37,033
3.905
14.310
18.818
15,403
873
1,933
12.597
15.481 '
754
2.032 :
12,694
13,573
4.597
4.843
4.133
17,949
8,428
4,768
4,754
707
4,046
•..*
..........
•
.„..
..
»...
...;
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
.
,
.,...„«.,.!
*
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
•
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
,
*....,
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
...»
•.
.„„„.:
,
Farming, forestry, and fishing
;
2.996 ;
Mar.
1989
Mar.
1990
6,697
5.2
5.4
561
345
217 ;
574
325
250
1.8
2.3
1.4
1.8
2.2
1.5
1.409 :
56
643
710 :
1.455
99
667
689
3.8
1.5
4.5
3.8
3.8
2.5
4.5
3.5
969 :
43 ',
61 !
865
1.056 |
49 !
65 :
942 ;
5.9
4.7 .
3.1
6.4
6.4
6.1
3.1
6.9
13,503 !
4,398 I
4,980 '
4,125 :
883 ;
191 i
498 J
194 •
864 ;
156 i
521 ;
188:
6.1 !
4.0 '
9.3 '
4.5
6.0
3.4
9.5
4.4
17,327 !
7,789
4.760 i
4,778
707
4.071 ;
1.632 :
655 I
354 !
622 I
195 i
428 :
1,827
752 !
372 i
703 !
183 !
519
8.3
7.2
6.9
11.6
21.6
9.6
',
:
,
!
:
9.5
8.8
7.3
12.8
20.6
11.3
258 I
254 j
7.9
'
7.8
3.003
Mar.
1989
Mar.
1990
6,378
:
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job ws
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Veteran status
and age
Civilian
nonmstitutionai
population
Unemployed
Total
Employed
Number
Mar.
1989
Mar.
1990
Mar.
1989
Mar.
1999,
Mar.
1989
Mar.
1990
7.369
6.426
1,873
3.208
1.345
943
7.590
6.519.
1.499
3.329
1.691
1.071
6.711
6.098
1.771
3.060
1.268
613
6.948
6.183
1,416
3.193
1.573
766
6,449
5.852
1.675
2.948
1.230.
597
6.700
5,951
1.360
3.078
1.513
749
262
246
96
112
38
15
249
231
56
116
14.893
6.862
4.316
3.715
15.840
7.386
4.574
3.879
15.180
7.076
4,391
3.713
602
276
192
134
Mar.
1989
Mar.
1990
Percent of
labor force
Mar.
Mar.
1989
1999
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total. 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over
17
3.9
4.0
5.4
3.7
3.0
2.4
3.6
3.7
4.0
3.6
3.8
2.3
660
311
183
166
4.0
4.0
4.4
3.6
4.2
4.2
4.0
4.3
60
NONVETERANS
Total. 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
15,927
7.242
4.630
-4.055
16.927
7.753
4,951
4.223
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5. 1964 and May 7. 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces: published data are limited to
those 35 to 49 years of age. the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Oata for 30-to 34-year-old
14.291
6.586
4.124
3,581
veterans are no longer shown in this table because the group is rapidly
disappeanng (into the 35-39 age category) and the numbers remaining for
some labor force categories are not large enough to warrant their
continued publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
State and employment status
Mar.
1989
Feb.
1990
21.318
14.269
13.601
663
4.7
9.823
6.130
5,840
290
4.7
Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
1990
Mar.
1989
21.756
14,433
.13.662
772
5.3
21.794
14.545
13.779 ;
766
5.3 ,
21.318
14.329
13.665
664 ]
4.6 ;
10,034
6.270
5.905
365
5.8 ;
10.052
6.345
6.029
316
5.0 ;
Nov.
1989
Dec.
1989
21.642
14,653
13.913
740
5.1
21.680
14,627
13,854
773
5.3
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
21,718
14,491
13,734 •
757
5.2
21.756
14.496
13,784
712
4.9
21.794
14.613
13.847
766
10.015
6.289
5.940
349
5.5
10.034
6,369
5,989
380
6.0
10,052
6.351
6,021
330
5.2
Jan.
1990
California
Civilian nonmstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
:
5.2
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
[
'.
9.823
6.138
5,835
303
4.9
;
!
!
!
it
i
Illinois
9.979
6.256
5.905
353
5.6
•
•
i
!
9,997
6,245 i
5,883
362
5.8
1
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
.:
8,849
6,065
5,669
396
6.5
8,851
6.039
5,661
378
6.3
8,854
6.064
5,673
391
6.4
8.857
6,029
5,674
355
5.9
8,859
6.001
5.671
330
5.5
3.187
3.076
111 :
3.5
4,619
3,165
3.025
140
4.4
4,619
3.172
3,027
145
4.6
4.619
3.152
3,011
141
4.5
4.619
3.203
3,034
169
5.3
4,618
3.178
3.006
172
5.4
6,994 :
4,489
4.148
340
7.6
6,980 '
4.564
4,258
306 .
6.7
6.991
4.626
4,287
339
7.3
6.992
4,645
4,310
335
7.2
6.993
4,645
4.254
391
8.4
6,993
4,605
4.250
355
7.7
6.994
4,553
4.226
327
7.2
6.029
4,038
3.838
200
5.0
6.028
4,048
3.849
199
4.9
6,033
3.974
3.853
121
3.0
6.032
4,034
3.834
200
5.0
6,031
4.006
3,857
149
3.7
6.030
3,994
3.810
184
4.6
6.029
4,029
3,848
181
4.5
6.028
4.034
3,844
190
4.7
13.801
8.680
8.206
474
5.5
13.799
8,599
8.141
458
5.3
13.806
8.564
3.186
378
4.4
13.806
8.738
8.278
460
5.3
13,804
8,762
8.278
484
5.5
13.803
8.709
8.300
409
4.7
13,801
8,730
3.294
436
5.0
13.799
8.660
8.223
437
5.0
4.920
3.341
3.229
n
2
3.4
4.975
3.371
3.239
132
3.9
4.980
3,365
3.245
121
3.6
4.920
3.375
3.268
107
3.2
4,961
3,373
3.275
98
2.9
4,966
3.396
3.289
107
3.2
4,971
3,361
3.237
124
3.7
4,975
3.395
3.274
121
3.6
4,980
3,399
3.283
116
3.4
8.254
5.351
5.043
308
5.8
8.275
5,344
4,998
346
6.5
8276
5.353
5.035
318
5.9
8.254
5.403
5.116
287
5.3
8.271
5.415
5.081
334
6.2
8.272
5,442
5.110
332
6.1
8.274
5.426
5.060
366
6.7
8.275
5,372
8.276
5,402
5.107
295
5.5
8.820
5.985
5,617
• 368
6.2
8,857 .
5.979 ,
5.587
392
6.6
8,859
5.948
5.595 i
354 '
5.9 !
8.820
6,040
5.696
344
5.7
.
j
;
!
4,617
3,174
3.047
127
4.0
4.619
3,174
2.991
183
5.8
4.618
3.166
2.978
188
5.9
4,617
•
6.980
4,503
4,183
319
7 1
-
6,993
4.555
4.186
370
8.1
6,033
3,987
3.856
1
31
3.3
13,806
3.501
3,102
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
'•
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
:
N e w Jersey
Civilian nonmstitutional population
Civilian labor force
..
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
:
v
;
N e w York
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
400
.
4 7
-
North Carolina
Civilian nonmstitutional population
Civilian labor force
"
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
<»
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
;
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
;....
•
.;........
«••»
«
•
5,061
311
5.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of tht civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
State and employment status
Dec.
1989
Jan.
1990
Mar.
1989
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
Mar.
1969
Nov.
1989
9.380
5,862
5.617
246
4.2
9.379
5.883
5.510
373
6.3
9.380
5.915
5.599
316
5.3
9.360
5.952
5.715
237 i
4.0 j
9,376
5.910
5.598
312
5.3
9,377
5.880
5,575
305
5.2
9.378
5.875
5.568
307
5.2
12.276
8.450
7.854
596
12.288
8.423
7,866
557
6.6
12.300
8.440
7,999
441
5.2
Feb.
1990
Mar.
1990
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
12.170
8.286
7.755
531
6.4
12,312
8,375
7.788
588
7.0
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,
9.380
6,004
5.694
310
5.2
i
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
9.379
5,966
5,623 •
343
5.7 !
12.323
8.346
7,874
473
5.7
12.170
8.385
7.857
528
6.3
I
I
j
!
j
7.1
12.312
8.494
7.949
545
6.4
12.323
8,447
7.977
470
5.6
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)
Not seasonally
adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Reason, sex, and race
1989
1990
1989
1990
IV
I
TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity: Going to school
HI, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
~
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ml health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons
63.698
63.903
62.564
62,419
62.567
62.624
62.793
58.250
8,035
4,550
24,544
17,089
4,032
58.331
57.232
6.367
4,567
24,507
17.194
4.597
57,007
6.278 <
4,774
24.096
17.387
4,472 \
57,626
6,995
57,577
6.229
4.767
23.886
18,270
4,425
57.272
6,379
4,671
24,031
17,673
4,256
5.323
1,286
932
1,154
:
|
i
|
5,463
1,447
5.176
1.246
865
523
343
1,085
j
:
|
j
8.050
4.629
23.994
18.094
3,564
5,448
1,465
859
1,158
941
623
318
1,025
1,132
5.303
1.291
887
1.176
851
563
289
1.097
21.659
21.886
20,950
5.573
1.584
885
1.146
825
541
284
4,653
23,961
18,227
4,052
1.136
563
263
945
5.452
1.406
920
1,164
747
488
259
1.214
20,840
21,009
20.953
21.193
888
907
1.175
1,251
817
518
299
827
Men
Total not in labor force
„
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
III health, disability
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
,
19,670
19,845
19,027
18,941
19,169
19,221
19,201
1.989
710
375
453
451
2,041
807
409
355
471
1.946
656
412
405
473
1,913
634
448
401
430
2.015
735
476
349
455
1,765
583
431
377
374
2.006
747
450
315
494
42.039
42.017
41.614
41.579
41,559
41,670
41,600
38.580
38,485
38.205
38,066
38,456
38.356
38.072
3.459
756
484
1.158
487
574
3,532
111
411
1,146
471
662
3.357
636
475
1,176
447
624
3.410
652
484
1.154
464
655
3,448
712
412
1,175
468
681
3,411
663
476
1.251
450
571
3,446
659
470
53,985
53.903
53.049
52.920
53.052
52.955
52,999
50,118
49.845
49,263
49,109
49,310
49,286
48,997
3.867
977
664
779
630
817
4,039
1.062
3,850
3.769
3,785
3.659
4.030
901
672
805
893
643
815
983
599
801
886
583
889
535
883
878
831
634
899
531
764
988
683
849
549
960
7.630
7,842
7.464
7,532
7,547
7,601
7,678
6,259
6,513
6,145
6.275
6,032
6.281
6.401
1.371
41
3
189
339
254
1.328
1.309
1.314
1,558
1.295
1,291
432
192
332
207
292
338
255
177
315
243
269
317
169
427
288
354
343
265
313
232
142
351
239
288
195
218
Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
HI health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
1,164
432
719
White
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Hi health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
677
821
593
525
Black
Total not m labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
«
i77
includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home
responsibilities.'*
198
214
263
226
NOTE: Detail may not add to not-in-labor force totals because of the
weighting procedures.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
CIn thousands)
Seasonally adjustod
Mot seasonally adjusted
I
Industry
Mar.
198°
I Jan.
t 1990
Mar.
1989
Mar.
1990p/
Fab.
1990p/
Nov.
1989
| Dae.
I 1989
Jan.
1990'
Fab.
I Mar.
l990 e / |1990fi/
107,0171108*272 108,378 109,4791107 8881109 4521109,570(109, 931 110,2871110.313
Total.
Total private
Go
I
-producing industries.
Mining
Oil and gas extraction.
Construction
General building contractors.
Manufacturing
Production workers.
Durabla goods
Production workers.
90 2911 91 622
91,6991 91.9751 92,289) 92,240
I
25,095
25*6461 25 609
25*532J 25,,5181 25.6821 25,586
24.943J 24*9961 25.058
7«l
735
414.5
7141
397)
4.979i 4,9391 4.990
4.857
1*287.3 1,336.211,319.OH,318.61
252!
3801
733
416.9
702
390.5
416.61
Service-producing industries.
739
416
737
414
7451
4171
749
422
748
421
5.482
1,435
5,418
1*413
19*489
13*262
355
,128
6041 11, 4591 11,409
749
7, 594) 7*579
81,922
t
418
-425
11.5501 11,2371 11,3411 11,338
7,5201 7,522
7,7101 7,4141 7,5201
1,598.611
54.5)
727.21
1,102.311
693.11
1,599.811
1.084.4(1
158.11
845.5
142.4
t
5*304
1*388
6801 19.
4421 13.
8.006
5.6381
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and othar textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
I
19,556! 19,2311 19,3241 19,3131
13.3481 13.0181 13,1161 13,110
755.0. 746.01 741.91 743
lumber and wood products
534.8f 523.81 522.41 521
Furniture and fixtures
592.2
581.0) 579.31 586
Stona* clay, and glass products
789.6
765.21 767.61 764.9
Primary natal industries
269.61 267.91 265.5
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. 276.4
1,404.311.414.411,413.6
Fabricated metal products
11,451
2,145.312*143.812*138.5
Machinery, except electrical
12,147
2,051.7 1,993.211,986.711,986.8
Elaetricsl and electronic equipment
2,066.6 1,918.112,021.312*021.3
Transportation equipment
868.6
718.61 821.61 821 _
Motor vehicles and equipment
774.0
773.2
774.81 774.1
Instruments and related products
3S7.9
388.31
385.71 389.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers
I
89,052! 90.4291 90.587) 91,018
19.4511 19,420
13,2191 13*192
,2871 11,3971 11*380
4561 7,5631 7,553
777
535
607
788
276
.457
.143
,060
,071.
8691
7761
3901
7651
5251
6021
7721
2691
4301
1461
0121
,0201
824|
7781
3891
7651
5231
600
771
270
1,426
2*145
1.992
2*022
825
774
391
7701
5221
6011
7641
2701
,4071
,1431
.9891
,920
726
776
395
7651
522!
6021
7681
2691
1,4191
2*1401
1,9911
2.0191
3221
776
395
763
522
600
763
266
1,418
2.134
1,995
2,021
822
774
390
7.9751
5,5881
076
693
0781
6821
8,080
5*683
,068
,672
8,054
5.656
8,040
5.639
629.411, 619.811,611.01
53.41
51.51 49.11
715.51 712.41 710.1
064.011, 065.011*061.0
693.41 693.11
692.6
622.411 624.4(1,628.2
097.011, 100.311*100.3
159.51
160.41 161.9
823.8) 821.01
825.3
134.81
135.41 135.2
1,655
56
729
1,101
697
1*600
1*088
161
845
144
6731
511
7211
084|
697|
6171
0981
164|
8351
138
1*6761
511
7191
1,0811
697
1*621
1,103
163
832
137
,676
511
7181
,0731
6971
.624)
.1041
1631
826
136
1,6751
511
7141
1,064)
6981
1,624)
1.1061
1651
821
136
1.668
50
712
1*058
696
1,627
1*104
165
824
136
7,983
5.596
7,994
5*604
83.4291 83,8821 84,441
82*242
83.843
84,038
84,413
84,605
84*727
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities
5,6071
3,404|
2.2031
5,7841
3,5801
2*2041
5.7881
3*5861
2*2021
5,808
3,606
2,202
5*666
3*452
2,214
5.753
3,592
2*161
5.834
3*613
2,221
5,850
3*625
2,215
5,863
3,648
2,215
5,866
3,653
2,213
Wholesale trad
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
6,1541
3,6581
2*4961
6,2821
3.7351
2*547|
6.2751
3,7351
2.5401
6.3021
3.7481
2,5541
6,197
3.6761
2*5211
6.300
3*737
2,563
6*311
3.746
2*565
6*332
3,754
2.578
6,331
3.758
2,5731
6,543
5.763
2*580
19.0591 19.5251 19*2781 19.3511 19,48s! 19*744 19,718
2*4901 2,492j 2*470
2,398.012,558.612.394.512*370.01
3*2231 3.3341 3,541
5.184.313.344.113*326.513*321.81
2*129.4U*144.4|2,140.5i2*145.0| 2.1551 2,1691 2*163
6.164.216*148.516,195.616*311.51
6*3221 6,4171 6,432
19.822
2,491
3,361
2,170
6,459
I
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
Eating and drinkin* rluces
Finance, insurance* and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services.
Health services...
Government.
Federal..
State
Local
p
3
I
6.7231
3,5061
2.1151
1,3021
I
1
I
6*8341
3,3461
2*1481
1,3401
I
I
I
6*8491
3,3541
2,1551
1,3421
I
6*8731
3.3551
2,1621
1,3561
I
26*4141 27,0611 27,4011 27,646
5,678.215,785.215,801.615*842.8
7*480.117,910.617,965.118,019.1
6*7741
3.3161
2*1171
1*341
26.520
5.736
7,488
6,8711
3,3571
2*138)
1,5761
27.54s! 27*419
5,8521
5,852
7*859
7.884
6,896
3,355
2,152
1.3911
6.9141
5*3641
2,155!
1*3951
6*922
3.562
2.164
1.396
27,5571 27.7061 27.757
5.902) 5*908
5,8851
8.027
7.9341 7*981
17.9651 17,9431 18.2911 18,4611 17.597 17,8301 17,871 17,9561 17.998 18.073
2.9761
2.9801
2,991| 5*0621 2.9821 Z*982| 2*974
3*058
3.006
2,9981
4,2131 4.1401 4.2811 4.3001 4,1021 4.1621 4,156| •4.1781 4.189
4,187
10.7761 10.8231 11.0191 11.0991 10,5131 10.686! 10,7411 10,7801 10,803 10.828
1
t
1
I
I
1
preliminary.
6,885
3.360
2*144
1,381
19,7931 19,766
2*459
2.4661
3,362
3.3601
2*167
2.1711
6.4671 6*480
Note on temporary census workers
The htnng of temporary workers for the 1990 decennial census affects current levels of
Federal government employment and higher aggregates. Estimates of these workers are
22.000. 27.000. and 85.000 in January, February, and March 1990, respectively. Preliminary estimates in this table that include these workers may be subtect to larger man
normal revisions.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers]/ on private non»gricultural payrolls by industry
i
riot seasonally adjusted
Industry
I Mar.
1 1989
1
Jan.
1990
Primary metal industries....
.............
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Machinery* except electrical
!
(Mar.
|1990p/
Mar.
1989
1 Dec.
1 1989
! Jan.
I 1990
34 .3
34 4
34.7
34. 6
34.5 !
43 .2 1
42 9
(2)
(23
(2)
37 .4
37 6 1
37 .2
37 9
(23
(2)
41.0
40 6 1
40 .4
40 6
41.0
40. 7
40.6
41 .7
4 .0
41. 2
3. 6
41 .0
41 3
7
41.7
4.1
41. 2
39 .8
39 6
41 .9
43 .5
44 .0
41 7
42 .6
40
43
39. 9
39 4
41. 3
42. 6
43. 2
41.
39 .4
39
n
40 .9
42 .3
42
41 ' \
40 0
38 9
41, 5
42. 7
43. 2
41.
40.0
39.8
42.2
43.5
44.1
41.8
42.5
40.6
43.1
43.9
41.1
39.5
40.1
40. 3
39. 4
42. 4 1
1
42
42. 1
40 .8
41
s
41 .2
40. 8
42. ?
41
39 .4
41. U
41.
40.8
1
Ik:
41 .11
39
41. 1
39. 4
39 .9
3
39 .9
56 .3
41
36 .9
43
37 9n
39. 8
39 .6
39. 7
40. 3
37.
40.
36. 4
43.
39 .7
39 !s
40.4
39. 9
' C2)
38.
41.1
39. 9
36.9
36. 4
42. fl
43.3
37.9
37. A
42.3
42. 4
44.
(2)
41. ?
41.6
38.0
37.
42.2
42.7
4
37.?
36 .4
42
37 6
42 .1
44 ,0
40 .9
37 ,3
39 .2
38. 8
39 .0
39. 0
39.4
Wholesale trade
37 9
37. 8
37 .7
37. 9
38.1
Retail trade
28
35
28.1
35 7
?8 .3
35 H
28. 5
28.9
32 .4
32.4
32 .5
32.5
42 s
43 7
1/ Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities* wholesale and retail trade; finance/
insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonagricultural payrolls.
Nov
198S
43 6
44 .2
Textile mill products
U990E/
34 2
34 .4
i
Manufacturing
IFeb.
Seasonally adjusted
37. s
42. 7
44. 0
41. 1
s
35. f,
32.6
!
*.,
Feb.
199O£/
Mar.
l990 e '
34.6
34.6
C2)
(2)
<»
(2)
(2)
40.7
40.7
40.7
41.3
3.7
41.3
3.7
40.1
39.2
41.5
42.5
42.8
41 2
42.0
40.5
41.9
42.2
40.9
39.3
40.5
39 .8
42.2
42.5
43.2
41.1
42.1
40.8
41.4
40.8
41.0
39.4
39.9
39.6
42.0
42.3
43.0
41 3
42.2
41.1
41.5
41.2
41.0
39.5
40.3I
39 ]
39.9
40.0
39.9
39.^
40. 8
40.6
40.5
40.4
40..
40. 5
36. 8
43.
37.9
40.2
36.3
43.1
37.6
42.7
40.5
36.7
43.3
37.8
42.7
40.1
36.6
43.0
37.8
42.2
36. <
43.1
37.7
42.4
11:
0
4
42.
41. 1
40. 8
40.
42. 9
41. U
39. 7
40. 1
42.
(2)
41. 2
41.1
42. t
43.;
41.1
42.
41. (
41.{
42. i
41.f
39. <
40.]
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
40.8
37.2
40.9
37.4
41.0
38.0
39. 1
39.3
39.1
39.3
39.2
38. 1
38.0
38.0
38.0
38.1
28.8
28.7
28.8
28.9
28.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
32.6
32.6
32.5
32.6
32.7
37. s
41.2
38.0
2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficent precision,
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ervisory w o r k e r s ] / on p r i v a t e
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production
n o n a g r i c u l t u r a l p a y r o l l s by i n d u s t r y
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Industry
|1990e/
I Jan.
1990
|1990p/
|Feb.
|Mar.
I199O E ' !199O E /
Total p r i v a t e
Seasonally adjusted
91|$341.59
851 343.23
30| 580
Mining
Construction
921 504
221 510.13
Manufacturing
811 429
66| 435.64
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery/ except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
8.13
10.62
12.27
14.13
10.47
11.25
10.30
13.65
14.28
10.17
3.23 I
9.66
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill product:
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
11.17
10.93
8.68
9.33
15.34
I
7.59
6.34 I
11.84 I
10.79
1Z.91
15.46
9.33
6.54
11.24
9.04
8.43
10.95
12.63
14.57
10.72
11.60
10.53
14.04
14.64
10.56
8.64
8.97
8.40
10.85
12.61
14.57
10.65
11.52
10.53
13.90
14.35
10.55
8.59
78|
461
951
981
75|
721
60)
251
15
05|
13|
001
9.95
9.49
15.68
7.92
6.46
12.11
11.09
13.21
15.93 I
9.60
6.32
455
359
332
448
532
623
435
485
430
563
561
261
10|
931
931
501
311
071
721
501
161
411
781
731
457
353
327
443
533
625
437
484
429
576
591
432
336
Oil 394
64| 376
34| 582 051 591
19| 313 381 315
951 233 321 235
231 517
381 416
34| 556
161 700
151 392
961 254
0ZI
751
141
221
14(
101
98 |
14|
92]
641
391
397.79
381.84
628.12
317.21
237.69
519.59
420.34
563.07
716.01
398.82
255.75
Transportation and public utilities
981 499.98
Wholesale trade
511 404.39
Retail trade
184.681 189.39
191.81
Finance* insurance, and r*ml estate
J 337.591 350.57
781 352.30
Services
I 301.001 315.251 316 381 317.20
t
I
J/
I
I
See footnote 1, table B-2.
P
s
I
I
preliminary.
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers^/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
I
1
Industry
I Mar.
"
Total private^/*
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars!/
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime^/ *
Transportation and public utilities!
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance* insurance* and real estate)
Services
$9,541
4.301
13.261
10.401
9.921
12.501
10.211
6.47J
9.361
9.241
1/ See footnote 1, table B-2.
Z/ Includes mining, not shown separately*
because its seasonal component is too small
to be separated out with sufficient*
precision.
1/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban
llage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-H) is
used to deflate this series.
Nov.
$9,781
4.791
13.521
10.571
10.111
12.611
10.541
6.611
9.671
9.541
Dec.
'"
$9.33|
4.301
13.601
10.611
10.151
12.711
10.591
6.651
9.791
9.621
Jan.
"
I
1
|
I Percent
I
1
Feb.
JMar.
1990fi/ I1990P/
I
$9,331
4.741
13.341
10.551
10.101
12.791
10.571
6.691
9.751
9.621
$9.33
4.74
13.43
10.65
10.20
12.79
10.61
6.71
9.79
9.65
I change
|
from:
IFeb. 1990I Mar. 1990
$9.92|
N.A. |
$13.46|
10.711
10.261
12.861
10.671
6.721
9.861
9.711
0.4
(4)
.2
.6
.6
.5
.6
.1
.7
.6
4/ Change was .0 percent from January
1990 to February 1990, the latest month
available.
£/
Derived by assuming that overtime
hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf.
N.A. = not available.
p/
= Preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory w o r k e r s l / on p r i v a t e n o n a g r i c u l t u r a l
p a y r o l l s by i n d u s t r y
(1977=100)
1
Industry
~ r
I
I
I
I
I
I Mar. Jan. (Feb. (Mar.
11939 1990 U990p/ |
Total private
Goods-producing industries.
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
.|124.7 125.8)
! 99.8 98.21
78.5
126.1 I 127.2
97.9 I
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public u t i l i t i e s .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance* insurance* and real estate.
Services
See footnote 1* table B-2.
Mar. I Nov. |Dec. (Jan. I Feb. (Mar.
1989 {1989 11989 11990 |1990e/ |1990p/
127.6U29 11128 31129.5
130.1
130.1
98.9 1102 91102 51101 11102.2 102.8
102.1
I
I
I
42 I 31 I I 36 21 85 3| . 7 . 1
37.3 I 36.9
85.71
34.6
125.1 129.61
I
9 5 . 9 92.71
127.0
130.7 1140 31145 81139 51149.5
93.0
| 93.5 I 96. 7| 94 31 94 51 93.7
94
Durable goods
89.71
90.6
101 51 99.81
98.2
Lumber and wood products
1113
61109.91
108.5
Furniture and fixtures
37
34.2
83.0
Stone* clay* and glass products
69 II 65.11
64.9
Primary metal industries
53, 3| 51.11 50.4
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
87.3
91, 71 36.61
Fabricated metal products
92.9
94, 21 93.21
Machinery* except electrical
95.5
98, II 96.41
Electrical and electronic equipment. .......
93.9
101.
86.0)
Transportation equipment
80.2
92.
66.5)
Motor vehicles and equipment
1115,
115.31 114.9
Instruments and related products
35.3
35.
84.31
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and m i s c . plastics products.
Leather and leather products
Seasonally adjusted
Mot seasonally adjusted I
91.3
99.7
108.1
35.5
65.3
50.2
38.1
92.5
95.9
95.3
33.2
115.4
35.5
150.5 I 146.2
94.3
94.2
I 94. 91 91. 91 91 61 9 0 . 3 . 91.7
105. 31103. 91103 2 U 0 5 . 1 I 102.7
114. 31110. 21109 11110.51 110.0
90. 51 90. 0| 87 71 39.61 3 9 . 2
64.31
68. 91 65. 61 65
64.9
51.31
50.3
53. 61 50. 31 51
86.7
38.0
92. 51 39. II 88
92.7
92.9
93. 41 92. 71 92
95.7
96.4
98. 31 96. 61 95
85.7
93.4
1101. 51 92. 71 95
30.2
I 91. 71 32. 31 32 4| 67.0
1115. 01115. 21114. 41115.21 115.0
86. II 86. 21 86,31 87.71 87.6
91.7
103.2
108.6
I
64.9
49.3
38.6
91.3
96.9
94.6
32.0
115.0
36.2
99. 51 99. 21 98.
7| 98.31 98.2
98
102. 91105. 51105. 01105.11 104 .5
104
21 69.01 6 8 . 9
6 9 . 61 66. 91 66.
66
II 78.31 7 7 . 0
31. 01 73. 31 78.
76
41 82.51 81.5
I 85. 4) 83. 61 32,
30
1102. 31102. 8)102. 11102.51 101.8
101
1138. 51139. 3(138. 81140.01 140.5
140
1100. 41101. 5(102, 31102.6) 101.4
101.3
61 83.9f 85 7 I 87.0
82. 2! 35. 31 35.
119. 91116. 115. 31114.51 114 1 I 115.0
52. II 52.41
56. II 53.
I
I 53.3 I 53.3
I
142.3 141.21143 .9 144. 11144.61
138.5 141.1 141.7
I
t 145.2 145.6
114.31117.1 117.8 j 118.3
117 ,3(119. 3(119.41 120.3
120.2
127.1 1126.4 128 .3)123. 11128.7
J 1 2 4 . 6 1 1 2 6 . 7J 126.3
129.0
128.6
123.9 1126.91128.3 127.61128.61
.1122.11123.71 122.8
128.6
128.8
I
I
143.6 J141.8I143.3 144.11144.31
.1140.31142.91 143.7
145.4
145.1
I
I
165.51168.91 171.3 1 173.0 1167 .3117Z.01172.41172.7| 174.0
174.9
I.
I
I
»
'
I
I
L
P = preliminary.
98.
97.21
97. 4(100.91
67.,4| 71.31
30. 71 77.31
85. 71 81.0
i 101.01101.9
1138. 71138.3.
1100. 11101.71
! 78.4| 80.31
114.61
1120.
I 54.
51.4
96.4
98.6
63.4
76.3
81.3
100.3
139.7
100.9
81.6
113.9
52.0
96.7
98.5
64.6
76.
30.
100.
140.
101.
33.
115.6
52.1
ESTABLISHMENT
Table B-6.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
DATA
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
f
I Feb.
Mar.
I
I
I Apr.
May
I
I
June
t July
1
j Aug.
I
I Sept
I
I O c t . I Nov.
t Dec.
Private nonagricultural payrolls* 349 industries!/
Over 1-wonth spam
1988
1989
1990
65.5
60.5
58.5 I£'57.4
I 63.0
I
I
61.0
E/51.3
67.Z
59.7
63.6 I
55.6 |
6Z.8
58.2
61.3
55.6
70.2
61.9
71.1 1 71 .9 1 71 .2
61.6 I 60 .7
61 .6
55.4
47.9
58.0 I
57.4 |
63.9 t
55.3 |
64.6
51.9
I
Over 3-month span*
1988.
1989.
1990
69.5
64.5
64.8 I 65.6
71.6 ) 70.1
lfi'57 9 I £'59.6
64.2 I 65.3
53.4
54.6
73.4
74.6
57.2 I 6 0 . 2
1 70 .1
55
1
I
!
Over 6-month spam
1988
1989
1990
69.9
75.1
Over 12-month spam
1988
1989
1990
76.Z
73.2
70 .2
69 .5
73.9
66.0
71 .5
68 .2
69 .1
57
73.9
63.0
74.6
60.2
73.5
53.4
73
58
74.5
£^59.2
IE/61.7
75.5
P/63.5
75.5
E'60.6
74
74.9
74.1
70
57
75.8
1
76 .1
73 .6
74 . 8 i
69 .6 |
74.6
67.6
75.8
66.6
74 .9
62
78 .1
63
!
Manufacturing p a y r o l l s , 141 i n d u s t r i e s ! /
Over 1-month s p a m
1988
1989
1990
62.4
45.4
Over 3-month spam
1988
1989
1990
63.1
67.4
fi'42.6
Over 6-month spam
1988
1989
1990
Over lZ-month spam
1988
1989
1990
58.5
56.0 1 55.0
53.5 I 53.Z
£•49.3
IE/46.1
59.9
49.6
58.5
46.8
61 .7
48 .6
59. 6 1 51.1
45.4
49. 6
49.3
34.8
62.8
5Z.1
64.9 i
48.2 t
58.5
44.7
71.3
46.5
70.9
41.1
I
61.0
63.8
fi'44.3
62.4
55.7
64.9
51.8
67.4
49.3
67 .0
48 .6
64. 5
47. 9
58.2
34.0
62.1
41.8
66.7
41.5
66.3
69.5
66.
58,
67.7
55.7
69.5 I
5Z.8 I
66.7
48.9
64
39
66. 0
40.
70.9
41.8
68.8
34.4
69.9 |
71.6 74.1
37.9 lp/41.1 fi/46.5
73.8
63.1
70.2
63.8
70.9
57.1
71.6
53.5
72.0
49.6
69 .9
42 .9
1
1/ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1", 3-.
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the
12-month span. Data mr» centered within the span.
P=preliminary.
NOTEt
Figures are the percent of industries with
i
!o
70. 9
43. 3
69.1
71.6
fi/41.8 E'37.2
70.2 I 69.9
67.0
I
employment increasing plus one- half of the
industries with unchanged employment, where
50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and
decreasing employment.
@FedFRASER