Full text of The Employment Situation : March 1981
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News
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact:
(202)
Pat Daly
Debbie Sprinkle
Kathryn Hoyle
(202)
523-1944
523-1371
523-1913
523-1208
- 2 -
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
There was little change in the average duration of unemployment in March.
however,
longer.
there
has
been a slight decrease in the number of persons unemployed for 15 weeks or
(See table A-6.)
Both total employment and the civilian labor
advancing
to
98.4
million
and
force
increased
106.2 million, respectively.
percent of the over-the-month change in both of these series.
Advance copies of this release are made available to the press with the
explicit understanding that, prior to 9 a.m. Eastern time: (1) Wire services
will not move over their wires copy based on information in this release,
(2) electronic media will not feed such information to member stations, and
(3) representatives of news organizations will not give such information to
persons outside those organizations.
MARCH 1981
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Unemployment was unchanged in March, while the two major employment series showed
the
Bureau
of
different
Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
The Nation's unemployment rate was 7.3 percent, the same as it had been
in
February
but
down
Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers
monthly
increase of nearly 500,000 in March to 98.4 million.
survey
of
households—showed
91.6
million.
Since
last
an
In contrast, the series on nonfarm payroll
employment—derived from the monthly survey of establishments—was unchanged over the
month
at
summer, however, both series have recorded sizeable increases in
employment.
workers
was
I
I
|
|
|
|
|
I
|
|
I
7.8
million.
Both
measures
have
in
March,
been
about
and
the
Unemployment rates for most major worker
relatively
past
stable
for
the
several
months.
number
of
unemployed
unchanged since December (after
adjustment for seasonality).
groups
have
also
March rates were 7.1 percent for full-time
percent for whites, and 13.7 percent for black and other workers.
The number of persons on layoff, plus
those permanently
(See tables A-l and A-2.)
separated
from
their
at 3.8 million in March, was little changed from the previous 2 months.
job losers was down more than half a million since last summer but was still more
higher than in March 1980.
(See table A-7.)
jobs
(job
The number of
than
Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing industries
Service-producing industries
been
workers, 5.9 percent for adult men, 6.6 percent for adult women, 19.1 percent for teenagers, 6.5
losers),
Unemployment r a t e s :
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and o t h e r
Hispanic o r i g i n
F u l l - t i m e workers
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Unemployment
The Nation's unemployment rate was 7.3 percent
about
half
a
million,
Adult men accounted for over 70
(See table A-l.)
I Quarterly averages
I
Monthly data
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I Feb. I
1980
| 1981 |
1981
| Mar.
I
I
I
I
I
I I
c
h
a
n
g
e
I
I
I
IV |
I
I J a n . | F e b . | Mar. |
|
I
Thousands of persons
1104,2171105,1731105,800| 105,5431105,6811106,1771
496
| 97,718| 97,276| 98,012| 97,696| 97,927| 98,412|
485
I 6,499| 7,897| 7,788| 7,847| 7,754| 7,764|
10
| 58,999| 59,906| 59,820| 59,917| 59,946| 59,598|
-348
|
949| 1,055| 1,115!
N.A.|
N.A. |
N.A.|
N.A.
I
from 1980's high of 7.6 percent.
The series on total employment—derived from the
by
Table A. Major Indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Category
developments,
December,
Total Employment and the Labor Force
USDL 81-174
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
APRIL 3, 1981
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
Since
800,000
Average weekly h o u r s :
T o t a l p r i v a t e nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
p-preliminary.
I
I
6.2|
4.8|
5.8|
16.4|
5.5|
11.8|
9.3|
5.8|
I
I
I
7.51
6.3|
6.71
18.3|
6.6{
14.11
10.2|
7.3|
\
I
I
Percent of l a b o r
I
I
7.4|
7.4|
6.0|
6.01
6.6)
6.7|
19.1|
19.0|
6.6f
6.7|
13.2|
12.9|
11.31
11-11
7.1|
7.11
!
I
I
force
I
7.3|
6.0|
6.5|
19.3|
6.6|
13.1|
12.0|
7.1|
!
I
I
7.3|
5.9|
6.6|
19.1|
6.5|
13.71
10.7|
7.11
j
I
I
Thousands of jobs
j 91,120| 90,932|91, 590p| 91,481 |91,644p|91,645p|
| 26,605| 25,780|26,002p| 26,041|25,987p|25,978p|
| 64,516| 65,152|65,588p| 65,440|65,657p|65,667p|
I
!
I
I
!
I
I
!_
I
I
I
|
I
I
35.51
40.1|
3.1|
!
I
35.4|
39.4|
2.91
I
0
-0.1
0.1
-0.2
-0.1
0.6
-1.3
0
Hours of work
I
I
I
I
35.4p|
35.5| 35.3p|
35.4p|
40.1p|
40.4| 39.9p| 40.0p|
3.0p|
3.1|
2.9p|
2.9p|
!
!
j
!
N.A.-not a v a i l a b l e .
lp
-9p
lOp
0. lp
0. lp
Op
- 3 -
- 4 -
Since July, total employment has increased by about 1.4 million.
adult
men
and
women
each rose by about 800,000.
The
number
of
employed
200,000 over this period, reflecting, in part, a decline in their population.
The civilian labor force increased by 2.1 million over the past year.
labor
Hours of Work
The number of employed teenagers dropped by
Following a decline of
nonsupervisory
Adult
women,
whose
force participation rate reached an all-time high of 52.1 percent in March, accounted for
about two-thirds of this growth.
February.
1980.
level
was
1.1
million,
of the previous quarter and 165,000 higher than a year earlier.
slightly
(Discouraged
workers are persons who report that they want to work but are not looking for jobs because
believe
80
they
percent
cannot find any.) Women accounted for most of the over-the-year increase.
of
discouraged
workers
cited
job-market
discouragement; the remainder cited personal reasons.
factors
as
the
reason
for
they
Almost
their
number
of
payroll
jobs
had
advanced
million.
all
industry
divisions
(See table B-l.)
Manufacturing employment remained at 20.4 million in March.
Although the number of
number
1.1
million,
of construction jobs was still about 230,000 below the January 1980
By contrast, employment in mining, which had increased fairly steadily during
1980, was
about 85,000 above the year-earlier level.
In the service-producing sector, only State and local government—down by 55,000—showed any
substantial
services.
about
movement
over
the
month.
This
was
about
offset
by small gains in trade and
Employment in the service-producing sector rose steadily over the past year
1 million
and
was
above its March 1980 level, but only trade, services, and finance, insurance,
and real estate contributed to the growth.
workers
on
tenth
of
an
hour,
following
the
production
or
a
large
decline
in
factory workweek was at about the same level as at the end of
private
nonfarm
payrolls
(See table B-2.)
of
production
or
increased 0.2 percent in March to 126.5
The manufacturing index rose 0.4 percent over the month,
decline;
of
nonfarm payrolls edged up 0.1 hour in March to 35.4 hours.
offsetting
some
of
the
index was 6.2 percent higher than last July's low but still 3.5 percent
below its year-earlier level.
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
1.0 percent from February.
4
private
nonagricultural
Average weekly earnings were up
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings increased
cents in March to $7.10, 59 cents above the year-earlier level.
$249.92, up $2.82 over the month and $20.77 since March 1980.
Average weekly earnings were
(See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and
the
effects
of
changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries—was
268.5 (1967-100) in March, 0.8 percent higher than in February.
Employment in construction and mining was unchanged over the month at 4.5 and
The
(1967-100).
February
factory
a million below its June 1979 pre-recession high.
peak.
the
workweek
The Hourly Earnings Index
has risen substantially since July, employment in the industry was still three-quarters of
respectively.
hours,
average
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
by 1.8 million from July through February,
recouping employment losses which occurred in early 1980; however, not
have fully recovered from the 1980 recession effects.
jobs
40.0
the
payrolls rose 0.7 percent over the month (seasonally adjusted).
The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls was unchanged in March at 91.6
total
At
February,
Manufacturing overtime, at 2.9 hours, was unchanged over the month.
nonsupervisory
(See table A-ll.)
Industry Payroll Employment
The
private
in
Reflecting the gain in weekly hours, the index of aggregate weekly hours
The number of discouraged workers in the first quarter of 1981
the
on
hour
The manufacturing workweek was also up a
Discouraged Workers
above
workers
0.2
March
a
year
ago.
In
The Index was 9.5 percent above
dollars of constant purchasing power, the Index decreased 1.4 percent
during the 12-month period ended in February.
(See table B-4.)
Chart 1. Civilian labor force and employment
(Seasonally adjusted)
HOUSANDS
120000
110000
THOUSANDS
120000
• Civilian labor f o r c e
Total employed
Nonogrlcultural payroll employment
106177
96412
91645
h
U0000
100000
IOOOOO H
90000
90000
80000
H
70000
80000
70000
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
Chart 2. Unemployment r a t e — a l l
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
civilian workers
PERCENT
PERCENT
11.0
9.0 h~
9.0
7.0
7.0
H
H 5.0
3.0 h-
3.0
5.0
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rate
and total employment-population ratio
(Seasonally adjusted)
PERCENT
70.0
„?~.»i,».
.t
,-*-
-• Employment—population r a t i o
PERCENT
70.0
•!.
MAR
64.0
56.6
*••..„""*••..
*.***•"
."**•*"**
H65.0
65.0
".*;;•*'.*;;;
60.0
.**•-•."**
^""""
x
60.0
*»
*'
5 5 . 0 h-
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 n i 1 i 11 1 i i i
50.0 1 1 I 1
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980 1981
Note: The shaded a r e a s d e p i c t t h e b u s i n e s s c y c l e peaks and troughs a s d e s i g n a t e d by t h e
National Bureau of Economic Research*
A 55.0
50.0
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey
(establishment survey). The household survey provides
the information on the labor force, total employment,
and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
65,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of
the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on
the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This informationis collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation
with State agencies. The sample includes approximately
166,000 establishments' employing about 35 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In
the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the
month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of
technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable
variance in results between a survey of a sample and a
census of the entire population. Each of these factors is
explained below.
Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are
selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at
which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or
profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or
more in an enterprise operated by a member of their
family, whether they were paid or not. People are also
counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave
because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor
and management, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of
their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public
assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the survey week; they
were available for work at that time; and they made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are
persons not looking for work because they were laid off
and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number
employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the
civilian labor force. Table A-4 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force.
The definitions are provided in the table. The most
restrictive definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The official unemployment rate
isU-5.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment
survey only counts wage and salary employees whose
names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural
firms. As a result, there are many differences between
the two surveys, among which are the following:
-—The household survey, although based on a
smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the
self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers;
—-The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed; the establishment survey
does not;
-—The household survey is limited to those 16 years
of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited
by age;
—-The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once;
in the establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the. two surveys are
described in " Comparing Employment Estimates from
Household and Payroll Surveys,'* which may be obtained from the BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing
of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a
large number each June, when schools close and many
young people enter the job market. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a
year, for example, seasonality may account for as much
as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in
unemployment.
because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical
trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from
month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or
increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example, the large number of people entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to
determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students
finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is
made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
Measures of civilian labor force, employment, and
unemployment contain components such as age and sex.
Statistics for all employees, production workers,
average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All
these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually
yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted
figure for the civilian labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted employment components and four
seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four
unemployment components; and the official unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of
total unemployment by the estimate of the civilian labor
force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June
period and again for the July-December period. The
January revision is applied to data that have been
published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment
are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end
of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the
estimate of the number of people employed and the
other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount
of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard
errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey,
and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than
the standard error from the results of a complete census.
The chances are 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on
the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the
standard error from the results of a complete census. At
the 90-percent level of confidence-the confidence limits
used by BLS in its analyses-the error for the monthly
change in total employment is on the order of plus or
minus 279,000; for total unemployment it is 194,000;
and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19
percentage point. These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather,
that the chances are 90 out of 100 that the "true" level
or rate would not be expected to differ from the
estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced
when the data are cumulated for several months, such
as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule,
the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling
error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate
of the size of the labor force is subject to less
error than is the estimate of the number unemployed.
And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the
jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller
than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless
rate for men is .24 percentage point; for teenagers, it is
1.06 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most
current months are based on incomplete returns; for this
reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. When all the returns in the sample have been
received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data
for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final
form in December. To remove errors that build up over
time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes
can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries and allow for
the formation of new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's
employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide
variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive
statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $2.75
per issue or $22.00 per year from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of
Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey
data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, the standard errors appear
in tables A through I of its "Explanatory Notes."
Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision
due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables L
through Q of that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
MAR.
1980
FEB.
1981
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
NOV.
1980
DEC.
1980
JAN.
1981
FEB.
1961
03,351
63.2
96,546
58.3
2,962
93,584
6,805
6.6
60,065
167,747
2,121
165.627
104,809
63.3
96,383
57.5
2,773
93,609
8.425
8.0
60.819
167,902
2.128
165.774
105,405
63.6
97,318
58.0
2,905
94.413
8,087
7.7
60,368
165,506
2,090
163.416
104.171
63.7
97.628
59.0
3,337
94.291
6.543
6.3
59,245
167.201
2.119
165.0S2
105,285
63.8
97,339
58.2
3.340
93.999
7.946
7.5
59.797
167,396
2,124
165,272
105.067
63.6
97.282
58.1
3.394
93,888
7,765
7.4
60.205
167,585
2,125
165,460
105.543
63.8
97,696
58.3
3,403
94,294
7,847
7.4
59,917
167.747
2,121
165,627
105,691
63.8
97,927
58.4
3,281
94,646
7,754
7.3
59,946
79,295
1,934
77,361
59,383
76.8
55,484
70.0
3.898
6.6
80.346
1.950
78.396
59,726
76.2
54,764
68.2
4,962
8.3
80,415
1.954
78,461
60,101
76.6
55,379
68.9
4,722
7.9
79,295
1.9 34
77,361
59,989
77.5
56,489
71.2
3,500
5.8
80,091
1.954
78.137
60.388
77.3
55.897
69.8
4,491
7.4
80,183
1.959
78.224
60,254
77.0
55.920
69.7
4,334
7.?
80.272
1.954
78,318
60,366
77.1
56,012
69.9
4,353
7.?
80.346
1.950
78,39f
60,338
77.0
56,045
6C.8
4,293
7.1
70.896
1.657
69,238
54,766
79.1
51,624
72.8
2,217
49,407
3 , 141
5.7
72,070
1,657
70,413
55,343
78.6
51,392
71.3
2,097
49,296
3,951
7.1
72,155
1,673
70.481
55.692
79.0
51.898
71.9
2.135
49.763
3.794
6.8
70,896
1.657
69.238
54.966
79.4
52,230
73.7
2.386
49,844
2,736
5.0
71,768
1,673
70,095
55,539
79.2
52,007
72.5
2,372
49,635
3,532
6.4
71,875
1,677
70,198
55.470
79.0
52,04 5
72.4
2,331
49,714
3,425
6.2
71,980
1,660
70,320
55,443
78.8
52.091
72.4
2,378
49.713
3.352
6.0
72,070
1,657
70,413
55,445
78.7
52,134
72.3
2.289
49.844
3,31?
6.0
86,211
157
86,054
43,968
51.1
41,062
47.6
2,906
6.6
87,402
170
87,231
45,082
51.7
41,619
47.6
3,463
7.7
87,487
174
87.313
4 5 , 3 04
51.9
41,940
47.9
3.365
7.4
86,211
157
86,054
44.182
51.3
41,139
47.7
3,043
6.9
87,110
165
86,945
44,897
51.6
41,442
47.6
3,455
7.7
87,213
165
87,04 8
44.813
51.5
41.362
47.4
3.451
7.7
87.313
171
87,142
45,178
51.6
41,684
47.7
3,49 3
7.7
87,402
170
87.231
45,34 3
52.0
41,882
47.9
3.461
7.6
78,005
129
77,876
39,989
51.4
37,755
48.4
471
37,283
2.235
5.6
79,315
140
79.175
41.199
52.0
38.444
48.5
461
37,983
2,755
6.7
79,415
145
79,271
41,411
52.2
38,762
48.8
497
38.265
2.649
6.4
78,005
129
77,876
39,845
51.2
37,550
48.1
577
36,973
2.295
5.8
78,979
137
78,842
40,629
51.5
37,909
48.0
574
37,335
2.720
6.7
79.097
137
78.959
40.570
51.4
37,820
47.8
665
37,155
2.750
6.8
79,212
141
79,071
40,942
51.8
38,191
48.2
621
37,570
2,750
6.7
79,315
140
79.175
41.09C
51.9
38.410
48.4
615
37,794
2,680
6.5
16,606
304
16.30 2
8,596
52.7
7,167
43.2
274
6,893
1.429
16.6
16,362
323
16,039
8,265
51.5
6,546
40.0
215
6,331
1,719
20.8
16,331
310
16,022
8,303
51.8
6,659
40.8
273
6,385
1.644
19.8
16.606
304
16,302
9.360
57.4
7,848.
47.3
374
7,474
1.512
16.2
16.454
309
16,145
9,117
56.5
7,423
45.1
394
7,029
1,694
18.6
16.424
310
16.114
9,027
56.0
7,417
45.2
398
7,019
1,610
17.8
16,393
324
16,069
9,158
57.0
7,414
45.2
404
7,010
1,744
19.0
16.362
323
16,039
9,146
57.0
7,384
45.1
376
7,008
1.762
19.3
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
65,506
2.090
63.416
Men, 16 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Woman, 16 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate..
Women* 20 yejtwt ww ovor
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rata
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rats
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rata.
1
The population and Armad Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninatitutionai population /including Armed
Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
tonally
Seasonally adjusted
Employment statu*, race, tax, and aga
MAR,
1980
FEB.
1981
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
NOV.
1980
DEC.
1980
JAN.
1981
FEB.
1981
MAR.
1981
WHITE
Total noninttitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninttitutional population1 . . .
Civilian labor force
Participation rat8
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
144,730
1,615
146,403
1,629
143,115
144,774
91,204
63.7
8 5, 8 4 5
59.3
5,358
5. 9
92,366
63.8
85,661
58.5
6,704
7.3
146,515
1.633
144,882
92,814
64, 1
86,454
59.0
6.360
6.9
48,888
79.7
144,730
145,995
146,140
1,615
1.636
1 4 4 , 3 59
92,562
64.1
86,409
59.2
6,153
6.6
1,640
143,115
91,802
64. 1
86,723
59.9
5,079
5.5
Men, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
. ..
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
46,359
74.0
2,529
5.2
49,372
79.3
46,149
72.6
3,223
6.5
49,632
79.6
46,560
73.2
3.072
6.2
49,049
79.9
46,856
74.8
Woman, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
34,592
50. 9
32,900
48.3
1,692
4.9
35,566
51.5
33,488
48.5
2,078
5.8
35,740
51.7
33,774
3 4 , 382
50.6
32,673
48.0
1.709
5.0
Both »exet, 16-19 yean
ivilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
7,723
56.1
6, 587
47.1
1, 137
14.7
14.7
14.8
7,428
55.1
6.02%
43.9
1,404
18.9
21.0
16.6
48.8
1,966
5.5
7,442
55.3
6,120
44.7
1.322
17.8
19.5
15.8
2,193
4,5
8.371
60.9
7,194
51.5
1,177
14.1
13.5
14.7
49,481
79.8
46,684
73.7
2 ,797
144,500
92,383
63.9
86,377
59.1
6,006
6.5
49,449
79.6
46,728
73-. 7
146,284
1,633
144.651
92,832
64.2
86,620
59.2
6,213
6.7
146,403
1,629
144,774
93,035
64.3
86,940
59.4
6,095
6.6
146 , 5 1 5
1,633
144,882
93 , 3 1 3
64.4
87,291
59.6
6,022
6.5
49,426
79.4
46,704
73.6
2,722
5.5
49,420
79.3
46,757
73.6
2 , 6 64
5.4
49 , 6 9 5
3 5,42 3
51.3
33.421
48.4
2.002
5.7
35,529
5.7
2,721
5.5
34.972
50.9
32,944
47.9
2,028
5.8
34.910
50.7
32,858
4 7.7
2,052
5.9
35,313
51.2
33,180
48. 1
2,133
8.109
59.7
6.781
49.1
1,328
16.4
17.7
14.9
8,024
59.2
6,791
49.2
1,233
15.4
16.4
14.2
8,093
59.9
6,735
48.9
21 ,2C6
483
20,723
12,706
61.3
10,922
21,255
484
20,771
51.5
1,784
14.0
51.3
1,773
14..0
51.9
1*634
12.9
6,042
74.9
6,015
74.4
5,315
5,315
63.0
727
12.0
62.8
700
11.6
5,996
73.9
5,367
63.3
628
6.0
79.7
47,030
73.9
2,664
5.4
51.4
33,539
48.5
1 ,990
5.6
1,358
16. 8
17.9
15.5
8,191
60.7
6,762
49.2
1,429
17.4
18.2
16.6
8 ,089
60.1
6 ,721
49. 1
1 ,368
16.9
18.0
15.7
21,301
21,344
21 , 3 8 7
492
20.809
12,684
61.0
491
20,853
12,598
60.4
4 95
20,892
12,765
61.1
11,051
10,94 2
51.3
11,020
51.5
1 ,745
13.7
BLACK AND OTHER
Total noninttitutional population1
Armed F orces!
Civilian noninttitutional population1 . .
Civilian !aix>r force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
20,777
476
20,301
12,147
59.8
10,701
51.5
21.344
491
20,853
21.387
495
20,777
476
20,892
20,301
12.320
12,442
12,591
59.7
60.3
10,865
50.8
60.7
10.856
52.3
1.464
11.9
12,668
61.0
10,895
11.9
10,722
50.2
1,721
13.3
Men, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5, 877
74.5
5, 265
63.8
612
5,971
73.5
5,243
61.7
728
6.060
7 4.. 4
5,338
62.6
722
10.4
12.2
11.9
5,898
74.8
5,340
64.7
558
9.5
Woman, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5,39 7
54.7
4, 855
49.0
542
•3,633
55.4
4,956
48.6
677
5,671
55.6
4,988
48.7
683
5,424
55.0
4,854
49.0
570
5,652
56.0
4,965
49.0
687
5,654
55.9
4,956
48.8
698
10.0
12.0
12.0
10.5
12.2
873
34.3
838
32.8
522
19.8
315
37.6
40.8
33.8
861
33.6
539
20.5
322
37.4
34.6
M>.5
998
39.2
662
25.2
336
33.7
31.1
36.4
1,012
39.5
642
24.4
370
36.6
35.9
37.4
Both eexaa, 16-19 yaan
Civilian labor force
,
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate. . . ."
Men
Women
1,446
581
22.1
29 2
3 3.5
32.3
34.7
The population and Armed Forcet figures are not adjustad for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numbere appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjustad columns.
1,727
13.7
1.655
13.1
6,007
73.9
5,355
63.0
651
10.8
6 ,072
74.6
5 ,414
63.5
5,638
55.6
5,016
49.3
621
5,645
55.5
4,976
12.3
11.0
11.9
5,708
56.0
4,988
48.7
720
12.6
999
3 9.0
624
23.7
375
37.5
38.8
3 6.1
1,051
41.2
946
37.1
985
38.5
667
25.3
384
36.5
39.2
33. 3
611
23.2
335
35.4
35.5
35. 3
618
23.5
367
37.3
33.5
41.4
10.5
4P.7
669
658
10.8
2
Civilian employment as a pareant of the total noninttitutional population (including Armed
Forcet j.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not i mo nelly
adfuftod
Seasonally adjusted
Category
MAR.
1980
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
NOV.
1980
DEC.
1980
JAN.
1981
FEB.
1981
MAR .
1981
96,546
33,396
23,295
4,623
97,318
38,058
23,631
4,839
97,628
38,706
2 3 , 171
4,658
97,339
38,167
23,065
4,707
97,282
38,231
23,063
4.716
97,696
38,182
23.352.
4,787
97,927
38,113
23,356
4.852
9 8 , 4 12
38,365
23,513
4,878
50,604
15,736
10.744
6,052
18,073
30,580
12,358
10,441
3,505
4,276
12,930
2,432
52,044
16.175
11,542
6,139
18,189
29,647
12,227
10,077
3,319
4,024
13,223
2.404
50,336
15.408
10.765
6.132
18,031
31.568
12,740
10,556
3,551
4,721
12.982
2.718
51,148
15.863
11,016
6,155
18.114
30.550
12.424
10.247
3,429
4.450
12.888
2,729
51.065
15,810
11,009
6,175
18.071
30,373
12,337
10,194
3.402
4,440
12,982
2,804
51,594
15,965
11,363
6,265
18.001
30,338
12,306
10,331
3,322
4,380
12.946
2.737
51,698
15.813
11,488
6,271
18.125
30,446
12,386
10,390
3,361
4,309
13,070
2.662
5 1 , 7 46
15,827
1 1 , 5 65
6,220
18,135
3 0 , 5 94
12,605
10,189
3,363
4,437
1 3 , 2 79
2 , 6 79
1,411
1 ,655
305
1.465
1.615
2 84
1,336
1,610
325
1,338
1,615
3 12
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1,253
1,486
223
1,176
1.491
237
1.429
1.612
295
1,417
1,612
324
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
86,359
15,809
70,549
1,067
69,482
6,791
434
87,132
15,889
71,243
1,155
70,088
6,882
399
87.110
15,605
71,505
1,140
70.365
6, 807
385
86,643
15,651
70,992
1,148
69,844
6,943
405
86,513
15.653
70.860
1.110
69,750
6,973
396
87,125
15,738
71,387
1,197
70,190
6,839
422
87,236
15,589
71,647
1 , 176
70,471
6,923
371
87,870
15,685
72,185
1,235
70,949
6 , 8 96
3 54
89,536
72,749
3,313
1,460
1,853
13,474
90,581
73,021
4,018
1,610
2,408
13,542
88,505
72,618
3,470
1,481
1,989
12,417
88,694
72,265
4.176
1,620
2.556
12.253
88,468
72,131
4,218
1,647
2,571
12,119
89,499
72,807
4,474
1,698
2,776
12,218
89,441
72,945
4,145
1.622
2,523
12,351
89,583
72,875
4,227
1,638
2 , 5 89
12,481
PERSONS AT WORK1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as
vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.
Table A-4. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data
Quarterly average*
Measures
1980
I
II
1.3
1.6
2.9
U-3
Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force 25 years and over
4.3
U-4
Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor force
5.8
6.2
U-6
5.2
7.0
7.3
III
IV
I
2„1
2.0
2.2
4.1
4.0
5.5
5.4
7.3
7.3
7.5
7.5
9.6
9.6
10.5
10.5
3.7
5.2
7.1
7.4
JAN.
2.2
3.6
5.3
7.1
7.4
FEB.
MAR.
2.1
2.1
3.7
5.1
7.1
7.3
3.6
5.2
7.1
7.3
Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total on part time for economic
7.9
U-7
3.9
1981
1981
9.2
9.4
9^6
9.4
9.4
N.A.
N .A.
Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus V4 total on part time for
economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
8.8
N.A. - not available.
10.1
10.5
N.A.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
MAR.
1980
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
NOV.
1980
DEC.
1980
JAN.
1981
FEB.
1981
MAR.
19 8 1
6.3
5.0
5.8
16.2
7.5
6.4
6.7
18.6
7.4
6.2
6.8
17.8
7.4
6.0
6.7
19.0
7.3
6.0
6.5
19.3
7.3
5.9
6 .6
19.1
4.4
5.9
9.9
4. 3
5.8
10.4
4.2
6.2
10.5
^.1
5.8
9.6
4.1
6.0
9.4
7.3
8.2
8. 2
7..1
9.2
8.2
7.1
9.1
8.1
7.1
9.0
8.1
CHARACTERISTIC
6,543
2,7 36
2,295
1,512
7,764
3,305
2,725
1,734
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
1,380
1,316
4 39
1,644
1.49 7
506
3.4
5.4
8.6
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost1
5,265
It 301
6.407
1.396
5.9
8.4
6.8
1.792
368
266
253
905
2,826
746
1.093
264
723
1.001
118
2,122
436
304
247
1,136
3,339
963
1,302
346
728
1,178
144
3.4
2.3
2.4
4.0
4.8
8.2
5.5
9.4
6.9
13.3
7.2
4.2
3.9
2.5
2.4
4.8
5.6
10.7
7.1
13.0
10.6
15.0
8.3
4.0
4.0
2.6
2.5
4.7
5.8
10.5
7.1
12.9
8.8
14.8
7.8
4.0
3.9
2.8
2.4
4^4
5.7
10.2
6.8
12.1
9.1
15.0
8.0
5.0
3.7
2.6
2.4
4.0
5.3
10.1
7.2
11.9
8.3
14.9
8.7
4*7
3.9
2.7
2.6
3.8
5.9
9.8
7.1
11.3
9.3
14.1
8.1
5.1
4,791
677
1,525
897
628
216
1,221
1,113
660
164
5,726
738
1,835
1,077
758
36 2
1,418
1.332
764
180
6.3
13.1
6.6
6.5
6.8
3.9
6.4
4.9
4.1
10.3
7.8
14.8
8.9
9.0
8.6
4.9
8.2
5.5
4.2
10.1
7.7
13.8
8. 8
9.0
8.5
4.9
8.3
5.5
4. 1
10.6
7.5
13.3
8.4
8.3
8.5
5.8
7.6
5.8
4.4
11.5
7.5
13.2
8.4
8.5
8.2
5.5
7.6
6.0
4.3
12.1
7.3
14.7
8.0
7.9
8.3
6.4
7.3
5.6
4.6
11.9
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
OCCUPATION1
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY2
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers3 .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic r
cent of potentially available labor force hours.
2
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by
industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
3
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
NotseeeoneHy
adjusted
Seeeonatty adjusted
MAR.
1980
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
NOV.
1980
OEC.
1980
JAN.
1981
FEB.
1981
MAR.
1981
2.725
2.429
1.651
989
662
2,904
2,585
2. 597
1 , 285
1,312
3,005
2,207
1,391
796
595
3,108
2,524
2,329
1,213
1,116
3,115
2,217
2,378
1,231
1,147
3,259
2,2 64
2,358
1,079
1,279
3,203
2, 324
2,25Q
992
1,257
3 , 2 09
2 , 3 56
2,192
1,013
1 ,179
11.9
7.5
15.2
9.0
11.0
5.9
13.6
7.7
13.5
7.3
14.4
7.4
14.4
6.9
14.0
7.0
100.0
40.0
35.7
24.3
14.5
9.7
100.0
3 5.9
32.0
32.1
15.9
16.2
100.0
45.5
33.4
21.112.1
9.0
100.0
39.0
31.7
29.3
15.2
14.0
100.0
40.4
28.8
30.8
16.0
14.9
100.0
41.3
28.7
29.9
13.7
16.2
100.0
41.2
29.9
28.9
12.8
16.2
100.0
41.4
30.4
28.3
13.1
15.2
DURATION
15 weeks and over
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
5 to 14 weeks
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
MAR.
1980
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
NOV.
1980
DEC.
1980
JAN.
1981
FEB.
1981
MAP .
1981
3,522
It 404
2,118
780
1,787
716
4,357
1,604
2,753
835
2.011
884
3,102
1.135
1.967
804
1.812
815
4.229
1.453
2.776
4,226
1,470
2,756
897
1,896
890
813
1,869
868
3,847
1.258
2.590
907
2,039
1,000
3,896
1,267
2,629
884
1,970
928
3.P46
1.2 99
2.547
8 63
2 . 0 40
9 86
100.0
51.7
20.6
31.1
11.5
26.3
10.5
100.0
53.8
19.8
34.0
10.3
24.9
10.9
100.0
47.5
17.4
30.1
12.3
27.7
12.5
100.0
53.5
18.4
35.1
11.3
24.0
11.2
100.0
54.3
18.9
35.4
10.5
24.0
11.2
100.0
49.4
16.1
33.2
11.6
26.2
12.8
100.0
50.7
16.5
34.?
11.5
25.7
12.1
100.0
49.7
16.8
32.9
11.2
26.4
12.7
1.9
.8
3.0
.8
1.7
4.0
.9
1.8
.8
4.0
.8
1.8
3.6
1.7
.7
1.9
.9
3.6
.8
1.9
.9
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Lost last job
On layoff
Othtr job losen
Ltft last job
Reentered labor forca
Sacking first job
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losen
On layoff
Othar job losen
Job leaven
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1 .. 9
.9
Table A-8. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Unemployment rata*
(in
Sax and age
MAR.
1980
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
NOV.
1980
Total, 16 yean and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years. . . . . . .
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 yean and over
6.543
3,026
7,764
3,544
1.512
1,734
12.3
7.5
14.5
16.2
18.6
17.7
15.1
21.4
9.9
4.4
4.8
2.8
12.1
5.4
Men, 16 yean and over.
16 to 24 yean
16 to 19 yean
16 to 17 yean.
18 to 19 yean.
20 to 24 yean
25 yean and over
25 to 54 yean
55 yean and over
5.8
..
..
..
685
827
789
946
1.514
3,522
1,810
4,233
3,109
419
3.683
552
3,500
1,651
764
353
4,245
2,025
940
417
887
1,857
1.601
414
532
1,085
2,235
1,942
293
6.3
12.4
15.2
16.5
14.5
10.7
4,0
4.3
..
256
Women, 16 yean and over.
16 to 24 yean
16 to 19 yean
16 to 17 yean. . .
18 to 19 yean. . .
20 to 24 yean
25 yean and over
25 to 54 yean
65 yean and over . .
3,043
1,375
3,519
6.9
1,520
748
332
794
375
12.2
17.2
410
414
627
1,665
1,508
163
726
1,998
2.8
19.2
15.8
9.0
1,741
5.1
5.5
2 59
2.9
DEC.
1980
7.4
JAN.
1981
7.4
14.5
FEB.
1981
7.3
14.6
19.3
14.0
17.8
19.0
19.9
16.4
21.0
17.5
5.9
3.3
11.7
5.3
5.8
3.5
11.9
5.3
5.7
3.5
7.4
15.6
19.8
22.3
7.2
14.9
19.0
20.5
7.2
15.6
20.3
23.0
17.8
13.2
5.1
17.8
12.5
18.5
12.8
4.9
5.4
3.3
4.9
5.2
3.4
4.8
7.7
13.2
17.2
20.3
15.1
10.8
7.7
13.0
7.7
13.3
17.5
18.7
7.6
13.6
18.4
20.5
16.4
17.0
10.8
5.8
6.2
3.4
5.9
6.3
3.9
16.5
5.6
3.3
16.5
19.3
14.8
10.8
10.8
5.8
6.3
3.6
21.4
17.9
11.8
5.1
5.5
3.6
7.1
15.4
20.1
22.1
18.7
12.7
5.2
3.4
5.6
5.9
3.9
MAR .
198 1
7.3
14.4
19.1
21.3
17.7
11.7
5.2
5.5
3.7
7.0
15.4
19.5
21.1
18.6
13.0
4.7
5.1
3.2
7.7
13.3
18.7
21.6
16^5
10.1
5.9
6.2
4.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Employment status of the Mack and Hispanic-origin population
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status
MAR.
1980
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
NOV.
1980
DEC.
1980
JAN.
19fil
FEB.
1981
MAR.
19 8 1
17,579
10,716
61.0
9.097
1.619
17,610
10,693
17,636
60.7
9,072
17,667
10.646
60.3
9,129
1,516
17,694
10.763
60.8
«• , 1 5 4
1 ,608
14.2
7.021
6 ,931
BLACK1
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
HISPANIC ORIGIN
17,299
10.288
59.5
8.978
1.310
12.7
7,012
17,694
17,299
10,628
10,423
60.1
9,036
1,592
60. 3
9,095
10,725
15.0
1,323
12.7
15.1
1.621
15.2
7,066
6,876
6 . 863
6.917
60.8
9,234
1,491
13.9
6,911
8,724
5,522
63.3
4,936
585
10.6
3,202
8.341
5,334
63.9
4,827
507
9.5
3,007
8.824
5,696
64.6
5,116
580
8, 764
5.668
64.7
8,843
5,817
65.8
8,635
5,827
5, 114
554
5,170
5,128
14.c
2
8,341
5,307
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
"' Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
63.6
4,804
503
9.5
3,034
1
Data relate to black workers only. In the 1970 census, they constituted about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.
10.2
3,128
648
11. 1
3,026
Q.8
3,096
699
8 ,724
5,547
63.6
4,956
59?
12.0
3,008
10.7
3,177
66.0
1
Data on persons of Hispanic ethnicity are collected independently of racial dau. In the 1970
census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white.
Table A-10. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Percent
of
tutionai
population
Veteran status
MAR.
1980
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
MAR.
1981
8. 180
7,231
1,784
3.602
1,845
949
8,475
7,316
1,548
3,421
2,347
1.159
7,740
6,940
1,693
3,460
1,787
80 0
8,043
7,037
1,440
3,315
2,282
1,006
7,293
6,519
1,518
3,283
1,718
774
7,530
6,556
1,284
3,110
2,162
974
447
421
175
177
69
26
15,272
6.874
4,838
3,560
13,568
6,102
4,028
3,438
14.268
6,331
4,560
3,377
831
464
211
156
MAR .
1980
MAR.
1981
MAR.
1980
MAR.
19 81
513
481
156
205
120
32
5.8
6.1
10.3
5.1
3.9
3.2
6.4
6.8
10.8'
6 .2
5.3
3.2
1,004
543
278
183
5.8
7.1
5.0
4.3
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
15.215
6,965
4,450
3,800
16.095
7,314
5,051
3,730
14,399
6,566
4,239
3,594
NOTE: Vietnam-era veterans are males who served in the Armed Force* between August 5. 1964
and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans *rt males who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are
limited to those 25 to 39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the
6.6
7.9
5.7
5.1
Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for 20-to-24-yeer-oid veterans are no longer shown on the table,
because the group is rapidly disappearing (into the 26-29 age category) and the numbers remaining are
not large enough to warrant their continued publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Persons not In labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)
Reason, sex, end race
II
TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not went a job now
Current activity:
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
Going to school
Ill, disabled . . . . . . .
Keeping house
Retired
Other
School attendance. . .
Ill health, disability . .
Home responsibilities.
Think cannot get a job
Job-market factors1
Personal factors1. .
Other reasons'
Total not in labor force
59,950
60,659
58.999
59,111
59,493
59.906
54,227
7,679
4,638
28,038
10,609
3.263
54.574
7,708
4,074
27,934
11,2 80
3. 578
53.573
6.038
4,627
28.376
10,578
3,954
53,851
6.185
4,446
28.688
10.538
3,994
54,231
6,5 94
4,124
28,646
10.917
3.950
54.521
6,224
4,293
28,842
10.938
4,224
6,085
1.776
846
1,231
1,132
847
28 5
1,099
5,548
1,453
771
1.335
949
603
345
1.040
5,431
1,461
72 8
1.195
921
626
294
1.127
5.605
1,517
759
1,235
°61
669
292
1,133
5,586
1,466
710
1.179
1.055
697
358
1.176
5,724
1,698
79 6
1,272
967
592
375
990
17,996
17.795
Do not want a job now
16.159
16,449
15,570
15.663
15,942
16,081
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
1,837
812
336
364
325
2,071
926
397
391
356
1,710
699
324
347
340
1.753
745
338
31«
351
1.825
765
338
367
355
1.827
720
307
370
430
School attendance
III health, disability . .
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons'
Total not in labor force
42,139
42.111
Do not want a job now
38,068
38.125
38,003
38.188
38*288
38.441
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
3,886
886
46 0
1,272
603
665
4,014
850
449
1,231
741
743
3,838
754
447
1,335
602
700
3.678
716
390
1,195
601
776
3,780
751
421
1.235
594
778
3,759
746
403
1,179
685
746
47,198
47,545
4,094
1,087
533
940
611
923
4,139
1,084
514
957
681
903
School attendance. . .
Ill health, disability . .
Home responsibilities.
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
Total not in labor force
51,896
52,308
Do not want a job now
47,513
47,843
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
4,382
1,221
570
1,040
709
842
4,465
1,274
586
911
794
901
,
6,713
6.730
School attendance • • •
III health, disability . .
Home responsibilities.
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
1,342
477
226
232
258
148
1,621
502
261
320
339
199
School attendance. . .
Ill health, disability . .
Home responsibilities.
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
4,259
1,051
559
1.104
673
871
4,124
1,059
513
907
686
960
Sack and other
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
7,870
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
1
2
Job market factors include "could not find job" and "thinks no job
Personal factors include "employers think too young or old," "lacks adueation or training," and
6,581
,322
400
228
243
296
155
1,315
357
205
239
292
221
6,642
,526
461
228
285
29 3
258
1.402
406
187
269
354
186
other personal handicap.
' Indudas small numbar of men not looking for work bacausa of home responsibilities.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Employment status of the noninstrtutional population for the ten largest States
[Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
State and employment status
Mar.
1980
Feb.
1 981
Mar.
1981
Mar.
1980
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
Mar.
1981
17,007
11,113
10,403
710
6.4
17,314
11,292
10,384
908
8.0
17,335
11,311
10,470
840
7.4
17,007
11,145
10,454
691
6.2
17,236
11,312
10,497
815
7.2
17,264
11,204
10,470
734
6.6
17,290
11,346
10,4 93
853
7.5"
17,314
11,352
10,493
859
7.6
17,335
11,345
10,523
822
7.2
6,904
3,898
3,709
189
4. 9
7,0 93
4,015
3, 763
252
6.3
7, 108
4,021
3, 761
259
6.4
6, 904
3,884
3,674
210
5.4
7,044
4,023
3,799
224
5.6
7,061
4,038
3,819
219
5.4
7,077
3, 938
3,698
240
6. 1
7,093
4,035
3, 766
269
6.7
7, 108
4,002
3, 721
281
7.0
8, 300
5,374
4, 974
400
7.5
8,357
5, 396
4, 921
475
8,359
5,447
4,938
510
9.4
8,300
5,427
5,043
384
7.1
8,345
5,491
5,001
4 90
8.9
8,349
5,481
4,969
512
9.3
8,353
5,441
4, 954
487
9.0
8,357
5,453
5,002
451
8.3
8,359
5, 504
5,010
4 94
9.0
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
4,400
2,837
2,687
150
5.3
4,439
2, 947
2,759
188
6.4
4, 442
2, 942
2,759
183
6. 2
4,400
2,852
2,707
145
5.1
4,430
2, 964
2,811
153
5.2
4,434
2,968
2,822
146
4.9
4,437
2, 917
2,764
153
5.2
4,439
2,968
2,797
171
5.8
4,442
2, 954
2, 777
177
6.0
vilian noninstitutional population '
Civihap labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6, 775
4,248
3,773
475
11. 2
6,848
4,251
3,647
604
14.2
6,852
4,258
3, 695
564
13. 2
6,775
4,269
3,820
449
10.5
6,830
4,296
3, 718
578
13.5
6,837
4, 293
3,726
567
13.2
6,843
4,293
3,736
557
13.0
6,848
4,259
3,685
574
13.5
6,852
4,281
3, 742
539
12. 6
5,545
3,544
3,302
243
6.8
5,595
3,525
3,254
270
7. 7
5, 597
3,585
3, 277
308
8.6
5,545
3,598
3,350
248
6.9
5,584
3, 554
3,284
270
7.6
5, 588
3,560
3, 276
284
8.0
5,592
3,583
3,316
267
7.5
5, 595
3, 531
3,288
243
6.9
5, 597
3, 636
3,324
312
8.6
13,332
8,002
7,395
607
7.6
13,332
8, 110
7,492
618
7.6
13,329
8,040
7,382
658
8.2
California
Civilian noninstitutional population '
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
ivihan noninstitutional population '
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
13,303
7,929
7,347
582
7.3
13,332
8,073
7,408
665
8.2
13,329
8,015
7,337
678
8.5
13,303
7,954
7,392
562
7.1
13,328
7,972
7,379
593
7.4
13,330
7, 920
7,335
585
7.4
7,960
4, 942
4,611
331
6.7
8,019
4, 941
4,445
496
10.0
8,022
5,054
4, 584
470
9.3
7,960
5,019
4,705
314
6.3
8,006
5,067
4,578
489
9.7
8,010
5,018
4,542
476
9.5
8, 015
5,048
4, 558
490
9.7
8, 019
5,031
4,558
473
9.4
8,022
5, 134
4,677
457
8.9
8, 934
5,345
4, 935
410
7. 7
8,985
5,324
4,867
456
8.6
8, 987
5,420
4, 993
426
7. 9
8,934
.5,352
4,979
373
7.0
8, 974
5,401
4,973
428
7.9
8,978
5,343
4, 913
430
8.0
8, 982
5,402
4,933
469
8.7
8,985
5,370
4,942
428
8.0
8,987
5,427
5,036
391
7.2
9,673
6,307
5,948
360
5.7
9,874
6, 562
6,252
310
4.7
9,889
6, 597
6,284
312
4. 7
9,673
6,356
5, 985
371
5.8
9,822
6,481
6, 119
362
5. 6
9,840
6,457
6, 114
343
5.3
9,858
6, 577
6,237
340
5.2
9,874
6,612
6,320
292
4.4
9,889
6,648
6,326
322
4.8
Ohio
ivihan noninstitutional populatio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Rmnsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population '
Civilian labor foice
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate . . . .
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.
* These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration of
Federal fund allocation programs.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adiusted
Industry
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
Mar.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
90,316
90,082
90,236
25,939 I 25,304
Mar.
1981
Mar.
1981
Mar.
1980
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
90,759
91,144
90,961
[91,125
91,481
91V,6U
91,645
25,206
25,438
26,476
25,811
25,892
26,041
25,987
25,978
p
Feb.
1981P
P
996
1,069
1 ,072
1,079
1,009
1 ,054
1,072
1,086
1,094
1,093
4,150
4,080
3,987
4,137
4,529
4,475
4,508
4,610
4,520
4,516
MANUFACTURING
20,793
14,727
20,155
14,049
20,147
14,045
20,222 20,938
1 4 , 129 1 4 , 8 5 0
20,282
14,179
20,312
14,195
20,345
14,221
20,373
14,238
20,369
14,255
DURABLE GOODS
12,647
8,909
1 2 , 110
8,342
12,078
8,314
12,136
8,377
12,707
8,961
12,146
8,381
12,160
8,386
12,188
8,410
12,197
12,193
8,408 1 8,427
716.9
668.1
667.7
670.5
494.1
475.0
477.0
478.2
679.0
637.4
632.4
641.5
1,203.7 1,125.5 1,125.1 1,127.5
1,703.8 1,598.6 1,596.7 1,605.5
2,539.9 2,491.3 2,500.3 2,504.5
2,167.7 2,140.1 2,140.9 2,146.6
2,005.6 1,872.0 1,833.4 1,854.7
703.6
700.6
699.1
698.1
432.9
401.5
405.5
408.9
737
4^94
700
1,209
1,711
2,530
2,176
2,006
705
439
683
469
661
1,119
1,606
2,475
2 , 120
1,901
701
411
688
472
660
1,133
1,608
2,480
2,135
1,868
701
415
693
475
663
1,133
1 ,608
2,484
2,147
1,866
702
417
692
477
661
1,133
1,610
2,493
2,152
1,858
701
416
690
478
662
1,133
1,612
2,495
2,155
1,857
700
415
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
Fabricated metal products
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
NONDURABLE GOODS
8,146
5,818
1,641.1
64.4
886.9
1,318.4
701.8
1,272.1
1,118.1
153.1
746.5
243.4
8,045
5,707
8,069
5,731
8,086
5,752
8,231
5,889
8,136
5,798
8,152
5,809
8,157
5,811
8,180
5,830
8,172
5,828
1,625.0 1,616.9
70.2
72.0
852.5
853.5
1,266.2 1,284.7
687.9
688.2
1,281.7 1,288.0
1,106.3 1,109.3
207.6
206.6
708.9
710.9
237.1
240.3
1,612.2
67.9
855.2
1,293.6
688.6
1,290.8
1,112.9
208.7
715.0
241.3
1,704
68
888
1,316
708
1,274
1,123
157
749
244
1,686
71
856
1,291
692
1,278
1,108
209
705
240
1,684
70
857
1,291
693
1,284
1,112
210
711
240
1,680
70
858
1,289
694
1,284
1,115
213
713
241
1,684
71
857
1,292
696
1,291
1,118
213
716
242
1,674
71
857
1,291
695
1,293
1,117
214
718
242
64,377
64,778
65,030
65,321
64,668
65,150
65,233
65,440
65,657
65,667
5,143
5,075
5,080
5,096
5,202
5,132
5,137
5,142
5,147
5 , 153
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
20,226
20,555
20,397
20,478
20,610
20,660
20,638
20,762
20,886
20,915
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
5,269
14,957
5,278
15,277
5,277
15,120
5,300
5,301
15,178 15,309
5,297
15,363
5,302
15,336
j 5,315
! 15,447
5,330
15,556
5,332
15,583
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
5,085
5,226
5,232
5,247
5,115
5,225
5,245
5,268
5,274
5,279
SERVICES
17,478
17,788
17,953
18,107
17,580
17,969
18,068
18,133
18,189
18,216
GOVERNMENT
16,445
16,134
16,368
16,393
16,161
16,164
16,145
16,135
16,161
16,104
2,869
13,576
2,773
13,361
2,767
13,601
2,769
13,624
2,886
13,275
2,790
13,374
2,789
13,356
2,801
13,334
2,787
13,374
2 786
13,318
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE ..
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
^preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers
on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Mar.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981p
Mar.
1981P
35.2
35. 1
35.0
35.2
MINING
43.4
43.5
43.2
42.5
CONSTRUCTION
36.2
36.4
35.0
37.2
MANUFACTURING
39.8
3.0
39.9
2.9
39.5
2.8
40.3
3.1
40.4
2.9
38.3
38.5
40.7
40.7
40.6
41.5
40.0
40.4
40.6
38.8
Mar.
1980
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
p
Mar.
1981
35.4
35.4
35.4
35.5
35.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
.<•>>
36.6
37.2
37.1
38.5
36.3
37.6
40.0
2.8
39.8
3. 1
39.9
2.9
40.1
3.1
40.4
3.1
39.9
2.?/
40.0
2.9
39.9
2.8
40.6
2.9
40.3
3.2
40.5
3.0
40.6
3.2
40.9
3.1
40.2
2.9
40.6
3.0
38.8
38.1
40.4
41.1
40.4
41.2
40.1
40.9
40.6
38.6
38.4
38.3
39.7
40.7
40.1
40.8
39.6
40.0
40.5
38.4
39.1
39.0
40.8
41.3
40.5
41.3
39.9
41.2
40.9
38.9
38.7
38.5
40.9
40.7
40.7
41.3
40.0
40.4
40.4
38.6
39.3
38.0
41.1
40.9
40.6
41.0
40.0
41.4
40.5
38.6
39.4
38.6
41.3
41.4
40.6
41.0
40.2
41.3
40.5
39.0
40.1
38.9
41.6
41.2
40.7
41.3
40.4
41.9
41.0
39.0
38.9
38.9
40.7
40.8
40.5
40.8
39.7
40.4
40.6
38.8
39.5
39.0
41.0
41.3
40.6
41.1
39.9
41.2
40.7
38.7
38.9
2.9
39.1
2.9
38.9
2.8
39.1
2.8
39.0
3.0
39.0
2.9
39.3
3.0
39.7
3.1
39.3
3.0
39.2
2.9
39.0
37.7
40.9
35.4
42.4
37.2
41.7
39.4
40.0
36.4
40.0
38.5
39.9
35.2
42.8
37.1
41.5
42.6
40.9
36.6
39.4
38.7
39.9
35.2
42.4
37.0
41.5
42.6
40.2
36.6
39.2
37.6
40.0
35.9
42.5
37.2
41.6
43.4
40.6
36.8
39.3
37.7
40.8
35.3
42.6
37.2
41.8
39.7
39.9
36.9
39.8
38.9
40.0
35.0
42.6
36.8
41.7
43.2
40.8
36.2
39.8
' 37.2
40.3
35.6
43.0
37.4
41.7
43.2
40.9
36.6
40.3
39.7
40.5
36.0
43.1
37.7
41.8
43.4
41.3
37.1
40.0
39.7
40.2
35.7
42.9
37.4
41.8
43.6
40.2
37.0
39.6
37.6
39.9
35.8
42.8
37.2
41.6
43.7
40. 5
37.3
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A N D PUBLIC
UTILITIES
39.5
39.4
39.5
39.5
(2)
(2)
. (2)
.(2)
(2)
WHOLESALE A N D R E T A I L T R A D E
32.0
31.7
31.7
31.9
32.3
32.2
32.1
32.3
32.2
32.2
38.4
• 29.9
38.5
29.5
38.3
29.6
38.5
29.8
38.5
30.3
38.6
30.2
38.7
30.0
38.8
30.2
38.7
30.2
38.6
30.2
36.3
36.3
36.4
36.3
(2)
. J 2 ).
J2)
JM
J%
.<!
32.6
32.7
32.7
32.6
32.7
32.8
32.8
TOTAL PRIVATE
DURABLE GOODS
NONDURABLE GOODS
WHOLESALE T R A D E
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D
R E A L ESTATE
SERVICES
32.5
32.5
32.6
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on
private nonagricultural payrolls.
35.4
(2)
<2>
P
a
This series is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be
separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT
DATA
ESTABLISHMENT
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings
TOTAL PRIVATE
Average weekly earnings
Mar.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
Mar.
1981
$6.51
6 . 51
$7.03
7.02
$7.06
7.05
$7.10
7.10
Mar.
1980
$229.15
230.45
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
$246.75 $247.10
248.87
249.21
Seasonally adjusted
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
8.95
9.78
9.86
9.68
10.43
10.40
7.06
7.73
7.74
7.54
8.25
8.26
8.32
303.86
333.30
329.57
6.35
5.37
7.27
9.45
6.82
5.70
7.87
10.36
7.87
8.59
7.42
9.98
7.19
5.81
6.84
5.73
7.90
10.53
7.89
8.62
7.46
9.92
7.21
5.80
6.83
5.76
7.95
10.60
7.97
8.66
7.48
10.04
7.25
5.81
243.21
206.75
295.89
384.62
293.94
322.04
271.20
365.22
269.18
207.19
264.62
217. 17
317.95
425.80
317.95
353.91
297.54
408.18
291.91
224.27
262.66
219.46
313.63
428.57
316.39
351.70
295.42
396.80
292.01
222.72
6.94
6.95
6.98
245.07
271.35
270.36
7.21
8.42
5.34
4.89
8.27
7.92
8.73
11.06
6.96
4.85
7.24
8.48
5.34
4.87
8.27
7.97
8.77
11.33
6.95
4.87
7.27
8.49
5.34
4.94
8.31
8.02
8.80
11.33
6.99
4.89
260.52
285.39
201.23
158.95
320.12
273.05
335.69
366.03
250.80
164. 16
288.40
324.17
213.07
172.13
353.96
293.83
362.30
471. 16
284.66
177.51
285.26
328. 18
213.07
171.42
350.65
294.89
363.96
482.66
279.39
178.24
368.39
372.88
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products.
280.99
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
8.62
9.35
9.44
9.41
340.49
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
5.40
5.80
5.83
5.85
172.80
WHOLESALE TRADE
6.83
4.81
7.33
5.18
7.38
5.20
7.44
5.20
262.27
143.82
282.21
152.81
282.65
153.92
5.68
6.10
6.20
6.22
206.18
221.43
225.68
5.75
6.22
6.27
6.30
186.88
202.15
204.40
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
See footnote 1, table B-2.
184.81
DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Hourly earnings index for production or nonsupervisory workers' on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, seasonally adjusted
Percent change f r o m —
OCT.
1980
NOV.
1980
DEC.
1980
JAN.
1981
FEB. P
1981
MAR. P
1981
245.2
102.1
257.9
101.4
260.9
101.5
261.9
100.8
264.4
101.0
266.3
100.8
268.5
N.A.
280.
232,
250.
265,
237.
225.
242.
294.
241,
266.
280.
247.
234.
254.
298.7
243.0
268.9
283.4
250.9
239.3
258.5
302.
245.
270,
284.
250.
238.
259.
306.6
247.8
272.6
285.9
254.6
240.2
261.3
308.9
247.8
274.4
288.8
256.4
243.8
263.6
311.0
249.2
276.5
290.7
258.7
246.8
265.8
«MAR.
1980
MAR. 1980MAR. 1981
FEB. 1981MAR. 1981
TOTAL PRIVATE NONFARM:
Current dollars
Constant (1967) dollars
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE ANO RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
9.5
(2)
0.8
(3)
.7
.6
.8
.6
.9
1.3
1 SEE FOOTNOTE 1, TABLE B-2.
2 PERCENT CHANGE WAS -1.4 FROM FEBRUARY 1980 TO FEBRUARY 1981, THE LATEST MONTH AVAILABLE.
3 PERCENT CHANCE WAS -.2 FROM JANUARY 1981 TO FEBRUARY 1981, THE LATEST MONTH AVAILABLE.
N.A. = not available,
preliminary.
NOTE: All series are in current dollars except where indicated. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime
premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries.
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
1981
1980
Industry division and group
TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb. P Mar.
126.0
124.8
123.4
122.5
121.9
123.0
123.7
124.5
125.2
125.5
126.8
126.2 126.5
107.3
105.2
102.2
100.3
98.5
100.0
101.5
102.3
103.7
104.4
106.4
103.9 104.8
162.9
161.7
163.2
166.4
158.7
162.4
166.7
168.0
170.4- 175.6
175.4
175.1 172.9
124.7
124.3
123.7
120.6
120.5
124.7
124.5
126.0
126.8
135.3
124.6 128.6
93.8
92.5
CONSTRUCTION
126.9
MANUFACTURING
101.8
99.8
96.1
94.2
95.2
96.1
97.4
98.0
98.9
97.8
98.2
DURABLE GOODS
105.0
106.5
106.9
108.0
91.8
104.6
116.9
109.4
93.0
128.7
96.9
101.6
95.3
106.1
103.5
89.9
102.1
116.1
108.1
85.0
128.4
95.8
96.6
90.4
99.0
99.4
82.4
95.3
114.1
103.8
79.1
126.0
91.6
94.1
92.4
94.0
95.3
91.5
89.6
94.8
91.0
94.6
96.5
95.1
96.7
75.4
73.4
77.4
92.3
89.9
92.5
110.8 108.8 108.6
100. 1 9 8 . 5
99.8
79.6
82.4
79.8
125.1 123.8 124.1
88.5
88.5
89.0
95.5
96.8
98.4
99.3
77.7
94.5
110.1
100.5
82.5
123.8
88.9
96.6
97.0
99.0
99.5
80.5
95.1
110.2
102.1
84.7
124.2
87.6
98.5
99.4
99.5
101.0
84.3
96.5
111.0
103.3
88.2
125.7
88.2
98.9
100.7
101.9
101.3
86.6
96.7
110.8
104.8
85.7
126.0
90.3
99.8
103.0
103.2
102.4
86.3
96.8
112.1
105.9
87.1
127.2
90.9
98.2
99.6
104.0
99.8
85.5
96.4
111.2
104.4
83.4
125.1
89.9
99.2
100.6
104.0
100.7
86.4
97.1
112.6
105.1
85.3
125.7
89.9
97.3
94.6
70.2
91.0
89.2
101.6
105.1
108.0
71.4
141.4
65.6
97.2
94.4
72.4
89.4
89.3
100.4
104.8
107.4
91.6
139.9
66.0
95.4
95.1
73.8
86.4
87.2
96.7
103.6
106.0
113.8
128.5
63.6
93.5
93.2
72.1
82.2
86.7
94.7
103.1
104.4
113.3
123.6
63.3
94.7
94.3
92.5
94.8
93.2
93.9
71.1
68.1
73.0
84.5
83.3
80.5
87.2
87.3
86.1
96.5
95.0
93.6
102.9 103.8 103.8
102.1 102.4 103.9
113.9 114.8 116.1
119.2 127.5 130.1
63.7
63.9
59.5
95.4
93.7
74.9
85.3
87.5
97.3
104.1
104.1
117.2
132.8
64.2
9 5.8
94.6
75.1
85.6
86.7
98.6
103.8
105.5
117.5
135.1
63.7
96.7
94.4
70.5
86.4
88.1
99.9
106.2
105.7
118.4
137.0
64.1
97.1 96.8
97.6
95.41 95.0
93.4
75.3
76.7 72.6
8 6 . 7 j 86.1
85.4
89.0
8 8 . 5 88.6
100.3J 100.0 100.0
106.9
106.5:
120.7
138.8
65.3
Fabricated metal products
NONDURABLE GOODS
Rubber and misc. plastics products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
106.7
106.8
122.1
135.6
65.4
106.7
106.3
122.4
137.3
66.0
141.6
139.0
138.3
138.1
137.9
138.2
139.0
139.2
139.9
140.2
140.2
140.9 141.6
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
113.9
113.5
112.6
112.6
112.8
112.6
112.7
113.5
112.8
113.8
111.9 112.3
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
131.8
130.4
130.3
129.1
128.9 130.4
130.9
131.4
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
134.5
130.7
134.1
128.9
133.7
129.0
130.8 131.0 131.9 133.3 133.6
128.5 128.0 129.8 130.0 130.6
1 3 1 . 6 1 3 0 . 9 132.3 133.0
1 3 4 . 0 1 3 4 . 5 135.0 134.9 134.7
132.4
1 3 0 . 6 1 2 9 . 4 131.3
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
149.6
149.4
149.7
151.2
SERVICES
1 5 7 . 6 1 5 7 . 6 1 5 7 . 4 1 5 7 . 8 1 5 9 . 1 1 5 9 . 4 1 5 9 . 3 1 6 0 . 0 1 6 1 . 2 1 6 1 . 4 162.4 163.4 163.5
See footnote 1, table B-2.
151.1 151.8
p-preliminary.
151.1
152.4
112.3
133.0
132.3
152.6
153.2
153.7 154.2 153.8
P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased
Year and month
Over 1-month span
Over 3-month span
Over 6-month span
Over 12-month span
1978
January
February
March
68.6
68.6
71.8
April
May
June
69.8
61.9
July
August
September
October
November
December
80.8
77.3
80.2
82.3
82.8
79.9
79.7
82.3
81. I
73.
66.
74.7
75.3
74.7
84.
83.
82.
61.
67.
67.
68.0
70. I
74. 1
73.3
77.6
80.5
81.
79.
79.1
68.
75.
74.
78.2
81. I
81.7
82.0
79.1
78.2
74.1
76.7
74.4
66.
66.
62.
75.9
70.3
64.0
74.7
71.8
64.0
73.3
70.6
69.2
April
May
June
49.
58.
57.
60.2
54.7
59.9
60.5
53.8
51.5
67.7
63.4
58.4
July
August
September
57.
54.
52.
53.8
52.0
58. 1
55.5
59.6
54.9
October
November
December
65.
55.
53.
61.
61.
57.
59.3
63.1
56.4
46.
39.
37.
January
February
March
60.2
54.9
45.9
57.6
52.6
39.2
45.3
36.9
32.3
33.4
33.1
35.2
April
May
June
34.6
28.8
30.2
29. 1
25.0
23.8
24.7
26.7
25.6
33.1
35.5
July
August
September
36.3
62.8
62.8
34.
54.
68.
32.3
46.8
68.6
October
November
December
64.0
66.9
64.0
74.1
71.2
73.0
78.8
76.5p
74.lp
64.5
57.8p
51.5p
67.7p
62.8p
1979
January
February
March
*.
1980
1981
January
February
March
April
May
June
.
July
August.«
September
October
November
December
' Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p = preliminary.
34.Op
36.9p
BUREAU OP LABOR STATISTICS
WASHING!*ON. OJC a m
mmmmmmmm
——————
Postage and Fees Paid
y S. Department of Labor
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