Full text of The Employment Situation : June 2018

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USDL-18-1110

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — JUNE 2018
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 213,000 in June, and the unemployment rate rose to
4.0 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job growth occurred in professional and
business services, manufacturing, and health care, while retail trade lost jobs.

Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 4.0 percent in June, and the number of
unemployed persons increased by 499,000 to 6.6 million. A year earlier, the jobless rate was 4.3
percent, and the number of unemployed persons was 7.0 million. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women
(3.7 percent), and Asians (3.2 percent) increased in June. The jobless rate for teenagers (12.6 percent),
Whites (3.5 percent), Blacks (6.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.6 percent) showed little or no change over
the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs
increased by 211,000 in June to 3.1 million, and the number of reentrants to the labor force rose by

204,000 to 2.1 million. (Reentrants are persons who previously worked but were not in the labor force
prior to beginning their job search.) (See table A-11.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) increased by 289,000 in
June to 1.5 million. These individuals accounted for 23.0 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)
In June, the civilian labor force grew by 601,000. The labor force participation rate edged up by 0.2
percentage point over the month to 62.9 percent but has shown no clear trend thus far this year. (See
table A-1.)
The employment-population ratio, at 60.4 percent, was unchanged in June and has essentially been flat
since February. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was little changed in June at 4.7 million. These individuals, who would
have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or
they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In June, 1.4 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year
earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 359,000 discouraged workers in June, down by 155,000
from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently
looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons
marginally attached to the labor force in June had not searched for work for reasons such as school
attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 213,000 in June and has grown by 2.4 million over
the last 12 months. Over the month, job gains occurred in professional and business services,
manufacturing, and health care, while employment in retail trade declined. (See table B-1.)
Employment in professional and business services increased by 50,000 in June and has risen by
521,000 over the year.
Manufacturing added 36,000 jobs in June. Durable goods manufacturing accounted for nearly all of the
increase, including job gains in fabricated metal products (+7,000), computer and electronic products
(+5,000), and primary metals (+3,000). Motor vehicles and parts also added jobs over the month
(+12,000), after declining by 8,000 in May. Over the past year, manufacturing has added 285,000 jobs.
Employment in health care rose by 25,000 in June and has increased by 309,000 over the year.
Hospitals added 11,000 jobs over the month, and employment in ambulatory health care services
continued to trend up (+14,000).

-2-

Construction employment continued to trend up in June (+13,000) and has increased by 282,000 over
the year.
Mining employment continued on an upward trend in June (+5,000). The industry has added 95,000
jobs since a recent low point in October 2016, almost entirely in support activities for mining.
In June, retail trade lost 22,000 jobs, largely offsetting a gain in May (+25,000).
Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including wholesale
trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, leisure and hospitality,
and government.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in
June. In manufacturing, the workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.9 hours, and overtime edged up by 0.1
hour to 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In June, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents to
$26.98. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 72 cents, or 2.7 percent. Average
hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 4 cents to
$22.62 in June. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for April was revised up from +159,000 to +175,000,
and the change for May was revised up from +223,000 to +244,000. With these revisions, employment
gains in April and May combined were 37,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result
from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published
estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged
211,000 per month over the last 3 months.
_____________
The Employment Situation for July is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 3, 2018, at
8:30 a.m. (EDT).

2018 Preliminary Benchmark Revision to the Establishment Survey Data will be
Released on August 22, 2018
Each year, the establishment survey estimates are benchmarked to comprehensive counts of
employment from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) for the month
of March. These counts are derived from state unemployment insurance (UI) tax records that
nearly all employers are required to file. On August 22, 2018, at 10:00 a.m. (EDT), the
Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) will release the preliminary estimate of the upcoming
annual benchmark revision. This is the same day the first-quarter 2018 data from QCEW
will be issued. Preliminary benchmark revisions for all major industry sectors, as well as
total nonfarm and total private levels, will be available on the BLS website at
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesprelbmk.htm.
The final benchmark revision will be issued with the publication of the January 2019
Employment Situation news release in February 2019.
-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018

Change from:
May 2018June 2018

June
2018

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

254,957
160,214
62.8
153,250
60.1
6,964
4.3
94,743

257,272
161,527
62.8
155,181
60.3
6,346
3.9
95,745

257,454
161,539
62.7
155,474
60.4
6,065
3.8
95,915

257,642
162,140
62.9
155,576
60.4
6,564
4.0
95,502

188
601
0.2
102
0.0
499
0.2
-413

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

4.3
4.0
4.0
13.3
3.8
7.1
3.6
4.8

3.9
3.7
3.5
12.9
3.6
6.6
2.8
4.8

3.8
3.5
3.3
12.8
3.5
5.9
2.1
4.9

4.0
3.7
3.7
12.6
3.5
6.5
3.2
4.6

0.2
0.2
0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.6
1.1
-0.3

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.6
6.5
4.6
3.8
2.3

3.3
5.9
4.3
3.5
2.1

3.0
5.4
3.9
3.2
2.0

3.3
5.5
4.2
3.3
2.3

0.3
0.1
0.3
0.1
0.3

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,447
816
2,055
680

2,958
815
2,009
623

2,854
852
1,882
571

3,065
811
2,086
578

211
-41
204
7

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,301
1,942
937
1,715

2,115
2,017
1,036
1,293

2,034
1,945
977
1,189

2,227
1,882
836
1,478

193
-63
-141
289

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

5,264
3,263
1,711
20,813

4,985
2,994
1,586
21,258

4,948
3,004
1,480
21,095

4,743
3,042
1,447
21,304

-205
38
-33
209

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,582
514

1,362
408

1,455
378

1,437
359

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

239
220
35
5
16
14
14
1.6
0
185
11.1
3.4
7.2
0.7
2
15
40
13.2
56
53.5
35
14
19

175
174
52
8
16
28
22
1.2
6
122
-9.8
-2.4
2.4
1.3
3
3
59
17.8
38
32.3
14
14
1

244
239
51
3
29
19
13
-8.0
6
188
5.7
25.1
17.6
-1.4
0
17
43
-4.7
40
34.9
28
13
5

213
202
53
4
13
36
32
12.0
4
149
2.9
-21.6
15.4
-0.3
0
8
50
9.3
54
34.7
25
16
11

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

190
186

218
216

191
189

211
205

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.6
48.2
82.4

49.6
48.2
82.4

49.7
48.3
82.4

34.4
$26.26
$903.34
107.3
0.2
134.6
0.4

34.5
$26.86
$926.67
109.2
0.1
140.2
0.4

34.5
$26.93
$929.09
109.4
0.2
140.9
0.5

34.5
$26.98
$930.81
109.6
0.2
141.4
0.4

65.3
59.2

62.4
62.5

69.8
66.4

65.5
65.8

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 651,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and
nonsupervisory employees.
Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000
(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

June
2017

May
2018

June
2018

June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

254,957
161,337
63.3
154,086
60.4
7,250
4.5
93,621
5,725

257,454
161,765
62.8
156,009
60.6
5,756
3.6
95,689
5,696

257,642
163,277
63.4
156,465
60.7
6,812
4.2
94,365
5,654

254,957
160,214
62.8
153,250
60.1
6,964
4.3
94,743
5,379

256,934
161,921
63.0
155,215
60.4
6,706
4.1
95,012
5,131

257,097
161,763
62.9
155,178
60.4
6,585
4.1
95,335
5,096

257,272
161,527
62.8
155,181
60.3
6,346
3.9
95,745
5,115

257,454
161,539
62.7
155,474
60.4
6,065
3.8
95,915
5,183

257,642
162,140
62.9
155,576
60.4
6,564
4.0
95,502
5,258

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,215
85,970
69.8
82,230
66.7
3,740
4.4
37,245

124,509
86,309
69.3
83,103
66.7
3,206
3.7
38,201

124,604
86,988
69.8
83,414
66.9
3,573
4.1
37,616

123,215
85,027
69.0
81,325
66.0
3,702
4.4
38,188

124,250
86,267
69.4
82,685
66.5
3,582
4.2
37,983

124,331
86,169
69.3
82,630
66.5
3,539
4.1
38,162

124,418
86,152
69.2
82,611
66.4
3,541
4.1
38,266

124,509
86,157
69.2
82,784
66.5
3,373
3.9
38,352

124,604
86,056
69.1
82,522
66.2
3,534
4.1
38,548

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114,721
82,394
71.8
79,267
69.1
3,126
3.8
32,327

116,017
83,458
71.9
80,698
69.6
2,761
3.3
32,559

116,115
83,470
71.9
80,498
69.3
2,972
3.6
32,645

114,721
82,022
71.5
78,753
68.6
3,269
4.0
32,699

115,748
83,309
72.0
80,213
69.3
3,096
3.7
32,440

115,832
83,200
71.8
80,113
69.2
3,087
3.7
32,632

115,921
83,199
71.8
80,111
69.1
3,088
3.7
32,723

116,017
83,234
71.7
80,329
69.2
2,905
3.5
32,783

116,115
83,115
71.6
80,013
68.9
3,102
3.7
33,001

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

131,742
75,366
57.2
71,856
54.5
3,510
4.7
56,376

132,944
75,456
56.8
72,907
54.8
2,549
3.4
57,488

133,038
76,289
57.3
73,051
54.9
3,238
4.2
56,749

131,742
75,188
57.1
71,925
54.6
3,262
4.3
56,555

132,684
75,654
57.0
72,530
54.7
3,124
4.1
57,030

132,766
75,594
56.9
72,548
54.6
3,046
4.0
57,172

132,853
75,375
56.7
72,569
54.6
2,805
3.7
57,479

132,944
75,382
56.7
72,690
54.7
2,692
3.6
57,562

133,038
76,084
57.2
73,054
54.9
3,030
4.0
56,954

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,480
71,844
58.2
68,855
55.8
2,989
4.2
51,637

124,674
72,599
58.2
70,341
56.4
2,258
3.1
52,075

124,771
72,848
58.4
70,045
56.1
2,802
3.8
51,924

123,480
72,187
58.5
69,289
56.1
2,898
4.0
51,294

124,407
72,565
58.3
69,828
56.1
2,737
3.8
51,842

124,491
72,610
58.3
69,916
56.2
2,695
3.7
51,880

124,579
72,498
58.2
69,992
56.2
2,506
3.5
52,081

124,674
72,493
58.1
70,077
56.2
2,415
3.3
52,181

124,771
73,139
58.6
70,419
56.4
2,720
3.7
51,633

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,756
7,099
42.4
5,964
35.6
1,135
16.0
9,657

16,763
5,707
34.0
4,970
29.7
737
12.9
11,056

16,755
6,959
41.5
5,921
35.3
1,038
14.9
9,797

16,756
6,006
35.8
5,209
31.1
797
13.3
10,750

16,778
6,048
36.0
5,174
30.8
874
14.4
10,731

16,774
5,952
35.5
5,149
30.7
803
13.5
10,822

16,771
5,831
34.8
5,078
30.3
752
12.9
10,941

16,763
5,812
34.7
5,068
30.2
745
12.8
10,951

16,755
5,886
35.1
5,144
30.7
743
12.6
10,869

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

June
2017

May
2018

June
2018

June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

198,872
125,770
63.2
120,768
60.7
5,002
4.0
73,102

200,039
125,848
62.9
121,788
60.9
4,060
3.2
74,191

200,132
126,669
63.3
121,964
60.9
4,706
3.7
73,463

198,872
124,847
62.8
120,121
60.4
4,726
3.8
74,025

199,799
125,930
63.0
121,274
60.7
4,656
3.7
73,869

199,871
125,714
62.9
121,236
60.7
4,478
3.6
74,157

199,950
125,731
62.9
121,233
60.6
4,498
3.6
74,219

200,039
125,688
62.8
121,303
60.6
4,385
3.5
74,350

200,132
125,784
62.9
121,347
60.6
4,437
3.5
74,348

65,494
72.0
63,269
69.6
2,225
3.4

66,049
72.1
64,113
70.0
1,936
2.9

66,109
72.2
64,037
69.9
2,072
3.1

65,223
71.7
62,897
69.2
2,325
3.6

65,948
72.1
63,683
69.6
2,265
3.4

65,928
72.1
63,734
69.7
2,194
3.3

65,982
72.1
63,746
69.7
2,235
3.4

65,890
72.0
63,785
69.7
2,106
3.2

65,855
71.9
63,695
69.5
2,159
3.3

54,775
57.3
52,765
55.2
2,010
3.7

55,277
57.5
53,681
55.8
1,595
2.9

55,195
57.4
53,265
55.4
1,930
3.5

55,025
57.5
53,123
55.6
1,902
3.5

55,243
57.5
53,448
55.7
1,795
3.3

55,176
57.4
53,385
55.6
1,791
3.2

55,179
57.4
53,429
55.6
1,750
3.2

55,197
57.4
53,450
55.6
1,747
3.2

55,420
57.6
53,608
55.7
1,812
3.3

5,501
44.6
4,733
38.4
768
14.0

4,522
36.7
3,994
32.4
528
11.7

5,365
43.6
4,662
37.9
703
13.1

4,599
37.3
4,100
33.2
499
10.8

4,738
38.4
4,143
33.6
595
12.6

4,610
37.4
4,117
33.4
492
10.7

4,570
37.1
4,057
32.9
512
11.2

4,601
37.3
4,068
33.0
533
11.6

4,510
36.6
4,044
32.8
466
10.3

32,226
20,132
62.5
18,686
58.0
1,446
7.2
12,094

32,704
20,292
62.0
19,145
58.5
1,147
5.7
12,412

32,737
20,546
62.8
19,194
58.6
1,352
6.6
12,190

32,226
19,976
62.0
18,566
57.6
1,409
7.1
12,251

32,607
20,495
62.9
19,087
58.5
1,408
6.9
12,112

32,638
20,466
62.7
19,051
58.4
1,415
6.9
12,172

32,672
20,220
61.9
18,892
57.8
1,328
6.6
12,452

32,704
20,296
62.1
19,092
58.4
1,204
5.9
12,408

32,737
20,364
62.2
19,045
58.2
1,319
6.5
12,373

9,179
68.2
8,628
64.1
551
6.0

9,407
68.7
8,840
64.6
567
6.0

9,274
67.6
8,702
63.5
572
6.2

9,066
67.4
8,496
63.2
570
6.3

9,438
69.2
8,880
65.1
558
5.9

9,314
68.2
8,749
64.1
564
6.1

9,257
67.7
8,663
63.3
594
6.4

9,382
68.5
8,792
64.2
590
6.3

9,162
66.8
8,573
62.5
589
6.4

10,080
62.0
9,408
57.9
672
6.7

10,207
61.8
9,757
59.1
450
4.4

10,364
62.7
9,803
59.3
561
5.4

10,145
62.4
9,457
58.2
688
6.8

10,254
62.3
9,622
58.5
632
6.2

10,337
62.7
9,713
59.0
624
6.0

10,229
62.0
9,707
58.9
522
5.1

10,233
62.0
9,754
59.1
479
4.7

10,406
63.0
9,838
59.5
568
5.5

873
34.8
650
25.9
223
25.6

678
27.1
548
21.9
130
19.2

908
36.3
689
27.6
219
24.1

765
30.4
613
24.4
151
19.8

803
32.0
584
23.3
219
27.2

816
32.6
588
23.5
227
27.9

734
29.3
521
20.8
213
29.0

681
27.3
547
21.9
135
19.8

796
31.9
635
25.4
162
20.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

June
2017
15,367
9,848
64.1
9,472
61.6
377
3.8
5,519

May
2018
15,874
9,932
62.6
9,732
61.3
201
2.0
5,941

June
2018
15,934
10,207
64.1
9,858
61.9
349
3.4
5,727

June
2017
15,367
9,788
63.7
9,437
61.4
351
3.6
5,579

Feb.
2018
15,792
9,908
62.7
9,617
60.9
291
2.9
5,884

Mar.
2018
15,983
10,092
63.1
9,780
61.2
313
3.1
5,891

Apr.
2018
15,933
10,034
63.0
9,755
61.2
280
2.8
5,898

May
2018
15,874
9,932
62.6
9,720
61.2
212
2.1
5,942

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

June
2018
15,934
10,140
63.6
9,817
61.6
322
3.2
5,794

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

June
2017

May
2018

June
2018

June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

41,323
27,419
66.4
26,076
63.1
1,343
4.9
13,904

42,592
28,209
66.2
26,954
63.3
1,255
4.4
14,383

42,679
28,515
66.8
27,209
63.8
1,306
4.6
14,164

41,323
27,287
66.0
25,966
62.8
1,321
4.8
14,036

42,335
28,021
66.2
26,646
62.9
1,375
4.9
14,315

42,419
27,922
65.8
26,500
62.5
1,421
5.1
14,497

42,507
28,229
66.4
26,860
63.2
1,368
4.8
14,278

42,592
28,205
66.2
26,827
63.0
1,378
4.9
14,387

42,679
28,369
66.5
27,077
63.4
1,292
4.6
14,310

14,990
80.6
14,473
77.8
518
3.5

15,444
80.3
14,903
77.5
541
3.5

15,578
80.9
15,035
78.0
544
3.5

14,978
80.5
14,410
77.5
568
3.8

15,319
80.2
14,723
77.1
595
3.9

15,370
80.3
14,688
76.7
682
4.4

15,535
81.0
14,901
77.7
635
4.1

15,444
80.3
14,845
77.2
599
3.9

15,557
80.8
14,961
77.7
596
3.8

11,011
58.3
10,431
55.3
580
5.3

11,535
59.3
10,990
56.5
545
4.7

11,622
59.7
11,059
56.8
563
4.8

11,036
58.5
10,458
55.4
579
5.2

11,410
59.1
10,815
56.0
595
5.2

11,230
58.0
10,677
55.2
553
4.9

11,398
58.8
10,856
56.0
541
4.7

11,507
59.2
10,917
56.2
590
5.1

11,626
59.7
11,065
56.8
561
4.8

1,418
36.9
1,172
30.5
245
17.3

1,231
31.3
1,061
27.0
169
13.7

1,315
33.4
1,115
28.3
200
15.2

1,273
33.1
1,099
28.6
174
13.7

1,292
33.0
1,108
28.3
184
14.2

1,321
33.7
1,135
29.0
186
14.1

1,296
33.0
1,103
28.1
192
14.8

1,254
31.9
1,065
27.1
189
15.1

1,186
30.2
1,051
26.7
135
11.4

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

June
2017

May
2018

June
2018

June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,446
45.9
9,843
43.3
603
5.8

10,519
46.4
10,035
44.2
484
4.6

10,650
46.5
10,134
44.3
516
4.8

10,354
45.5
9,677
42.6
677
6.5

10,258
46.8
9,673
44.1
584
5.7

10,234
45.7
9,666
43.2
568
5.5

10,285
45.9
9,683
43.3
602
5.9

10,242
45.2
9,688
42.7
554
5.4

10,508
45.9
9,926
43.4
582
5.5

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,647
57.5
34,110
55.0
1,536
4.3

35,886
57.5
34,585
55.4
1,301
3.6

35,863
57.6
34,466
55.4
1,397
3.9

35,911
57.9
34,256
55.3
1,654
4.6

36,092
57.5
34,487
55.0
1,604
4.4

35,863
57.1
34,305
54.6
1,559
4.3

35,468
56.9
33,940
54.5
1,528
4.3

35,702
57.2
34,306
54.9
1,395
3.9

36,050
57.9
34,549
55.5
1,501
4.2

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,513
65.5
36,127
63.1
1,386
3.7

37,732
65.4
36,596
63.4
1,135
3.0

37,831
65.3
36,604
63.2
1,227
3.2

37,567
65.6
36,141
63.1
1,426
3.8

37,573
65.5
36,248
63.2
1,325
3.5

37,589
65.6
36,241
63.2
1,348
3.6

37,944
65.5
36,629
63.2
1,315
3.5

37,921
65.7
36,694
63.6
1,228
3.2

37,863
65.3
36,602
63.2
1,261
3.3

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55,012
73.6
53,676
71.8
1,336
2.4

56,850
74.2
55,809
72.8
1,040
1.8

56,293
73.5
54,929
71.8
1,364
2.4

55,245
73.9
53,947
72.2
1,298
2.3

56,669
73.7
55,386
72.0
1,283
2.3

56,785
74.2
55,534
72.6
1,252
2.2

56,794
74.2
55,616
72.6
1,178
2.1

56,739
74.1
55,593
72.6
1,147
2.0

56,613
74.0
55,296
72.2
1,317
2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

June
2017

Men
June
2018

June
2017

Women
June
2018

June
2017

June
2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,573
10,132
49.3
9,754
47.4
378
3.7
10,441

19,215
9,456
49.2
9,140
47.6
315
3.3
9,759

18,543
8,963
48.3
8,656
46.7
307
3.4
9,580

17,350
8,301
47.8
8,008
46.2
293
3.5
9,049

2,030
1,170
57.6
1,099
54.1
71
6.1
860

1,865
1,155
61.9
1,132
60.7
23
2.0
710

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,216
3,373
80.0
3,201
75.9
172
5.1
843

4,171
3,345
80.2
3,221
77.2
124
3.7
826

3,469
2,866
82.6
2,737
78.9
129
4.5
603

3,460
2,818
81.4
2,705
78.2
113
4.0
642

747
507
67.8
464
62.1
43
8.5
240

711
527
74.1
516
72.5
11
2.1
184

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,238
2,572
79.4
2,488
76.8
84
3.3
666

3,060
2,428
79.4
2,364
77.3
64
2.6
632

2,754
2,205
80.0
2,141
77.7
64
2.9
550

2,578
2,073
80.4
2,012
78.0
61
2.9
505

484
367
75.9
347
71.7
20
5.5
117

482
355
73.7
352
73.1
3
0.8
127

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,077
1,771
21.9
1,727
21.4
45
2.5
6,306

7,643
1,562
20.4
1,493
19.5
69
4.4
6,081

7,785
1,728
22.2
1,684
21.6
45
2.6
6,057

7,383
1,518
20.6
1,449
19.6
69
4.5
5,865

292
43
14.7
43
14.7
0
–
249

260
43
16.7
43
16.7
0
–
217

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,042
2,417
47.9
2,339
46.4
78
3.2
2,625

4,341
2,121
48.9
2,062
47.5
59
2.8
2,220

4,535
2,164
47.7
2,094
46.2
70
3.2
2,371

3,929
1,892
48.2
1,842
46.9
50
2.6
2,037

507
253
49.8
245
48.3
8
3.0
254

412
229
55.6
220
53.5
9
3.8
183

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

225,557
148,484
65.8
142,094
63.0
6,389
4.3
77,073

229,660
151,290
65.9
145,245
63.2
6,045
4.0
78,370

100,210
75,708
75.5
72,513
72.4
3,195
4.2
24,502

102,769
77,409
75.3
74,384
72.4
3,025
3.9
25,360

125,346
72,775
58.1
69,581
55.5
3,194
4.4
52,571

126,891
73,880
58.2
70,860
55.8
3,020
4.1
53,010

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

June
2017

June
2018

Persons with no disability
June
2017

June
2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,585
6,335
20.7
5,773
18.9
562
8.9
24,250

30,407
6,153
20.2
5,645
18.6
508
8.3
24,253

224,372
155,001
69.1
148,313
66.1
6,688
4.3
69,371

227,235
157,123
69.1
150,820
66.4
6,304
4.0
70,112

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,770
35.5
2,503
32.1
267
9.6
5,022

2,632
35.3
2,391
32.1
241
9.2
4,821

77,957
83.5
74,651
80.0
3,306
4.2
15,349

78,797
83.6
75,670
80.3
3,127
4.0
15,404

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,462
30.5
2,216
27.5
245
10.0
5,606

2,345
29.9
2,127
27.1
218
9.3
5,508

68,667
71.3
65,575
68.1
3,092
4.5
27,670

69,523
71.7
66,633
68.7
2,890
4.2
27,411

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,104
7.5
1,054
7.2
50
4.5
13,623

1,176
7.8
1,127
7.5
49
4.2
13,924

8,377
24.1
8,086
23.3
291
3.5
26,352

8,803
24.4
8,517
23.6
287
3.3
27,297

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

June
2017

Men
June
2018

June
2017

Women
June
2018

June
2017

June
2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

41,552
27,540
66.3
26,528
63.8
1,012
3.7
14,012

42,514
28,115
66.1
27,134
63.8
981
3.5
14,399

20,238
15,890
78.5
15,455
76.4
434
2.7
4,349

20,696
16,198
78.3
15,728
76.0
470
2.9
4,498

21,314
11,651
54.7
11,073
52.0
578
5.0
9,663

21,819
11,917
54.6
11,406
52.3
512
4.3
9,901

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

213,405
133,796
62.7
127,558
59.8
6,238
4.7
79,609

215,128
135,162
62.8
129,331
60.1
5,831
4.3
79,966

102,977
70,080
68.1
66,774
64.8
3,306
4.7
32,896

103,908
70,790
68.1
67,686
65.1
3,104
4.4
33,118

110,429
63,716
57.7
60,784
55.0
2,932
4.6
46,713

111,220
64,372
57.9
61,645
55.4
2,727
4.2
46,848

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

June
2017

May
2018

June
2018

June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

2,612
1,730
858
23
151,475
142,483
20,477
122,006
630
121,376
8,924
67

2,412
1,604
776
32
153,598
144,424
21,253
123,170
773
122,398
9,112
61

2,503
1,682
779
42
153,962
145,061
20,522
124,539
769
123,770
8,808
93

2,443
1,612
804
–
150,878
142,060
20,900
121,070
–
120,513
8,802
–

2,474
1,679
768
–
152,713
143,656
20,986
122,693
–
121,957
8,944
–

2,314
1,495
803
–
152,747
143,688
20,957
122,761
–
121,977
8,990
–

2,294
1,517
745
–
152,889
143,785
21,222
122,616
–
121,858
8,995
–

2,345
1,573
742
–
153,211
144,124
21,045
123,090
–
122,319
9,013
–

2,350
1,567
736
–
153,309
144,524
20,986
123,478
–
122,757
8,728
–

5,602
3,405
1,787
19,831

4,739
2,875
1,542
21,433

5,042
3,178
1,486
20,308

5,264
3,263
1,711
20,813

5,160
3,302
1,541
21,061

5,019
3,005
1,625
21,399

4,985
2,994
1,586
21,258

4,948
3,004
1,480
21,095

4,743
3,042
1,447
21,304

5,555
3,370
1,783
19,450

4,677
2,831
1,529
21,074

4,974
3,133
1,468
19,938

5,210
3,233
1,708
20,423

5,091
3,258
1,533
20,641

4,944
2,940
1,619
20,999

4,898
2,923
1,575
20,891

4,872
2,948
1,464
20,766

4,662
3,004
1,431
20,941

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

June
2017

May
2018

June
2018

June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

154,086
5,964
2,238
3,727
148,122
14,366
133,756
98,572
34,397
31,896
32,278
35,184

156,009
4,970
1,676
3,294
151,039
14,014
137,025
100,445
35,353
32,596
32,496
36,580

156,465
5,921
2,080
3,841
150,544
14,411
136,133
100,020
35,305
32,527
32,187
36,114

153,250
5,209
1,929
3,296
148,042
13,959
134,059
98,735
34,403
31,949
32,383
35,324

155,215
5,174
1,915
3,293
150,041
14,213
135,856
100,120
34,975
32,503
32,642
35,735

155,178
5,149
1,892
3,261
150,028
14,334
135,779
100,051
35,106
32,462
32,484
35,728

155,181
5,078
1,838
3,257
150,102
14,172
135,906
99,965
35,083
32,614
32,268
35,941

155,474
5,068
1,771
3,285
150,406
14,069
136,373
100,105
35,221
32,492
32,392
36,268

155,576
5,144
1,797
3,344
150,432
14,046
136,422
100,204
35,288
32,566
32,350
36,218

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

82,230
2,963
1,061
1,902
79,267
7,484
71,783
52,898
18,556
17,300
17,042
18,885

83,103
2,405
809
1,596
80,698
7,208
73,489
53,915
19,052
17,711
17,152
19,574

83,414
2,916
1,022
1,894
80,498
7,412
73,087
53,740
19,140
17,656
16,945
19,346

81,325
2,572
888
1,687
78,753
7,223
71,517
52,689
18,430
17,244
17,015
18,829

82,685
2,472
872
1,617
80,213
7,392
72,822
53,764
18,925
17,592
17,247
19,058

82,630
2,517
891
1,639
80,113
7,445
72,707
53,647
18,942
17,576
17,130
19,060

82,611
2,500
858
1,651
80,111
7,291
72,840
53,686
18,946
17,644
17,096
19,154

82,784
2,455
849
1,610
80,329
7,205
73,131
53,728
18,992
17,634
17,101
19,403

82,522
2,509
855
1,644
80,013
7,191
72,869
53,588
19,006
17,598
16,984
19,281

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71,856
3,002
1,177
1,825
68,855
6,882
61,973
45,673
15,842
14,596
15,236
16,300

72,907
2,565
867
1,698
70,341
6,805
63,536
46,530
16,301
14,885
15,343
17,006

73,051
3,005
1,058
1,947
70,045
6,999
63,047
46,279
16,165
14,871
15,242
16,767

71,925
2,637
1,041
1,609
69,289
6,736
62,541
46,046
15,973
14,704
15,368
16,496

72,530
2,702
1,044
1,676
69,828
6,821
63,033
46,356
16,050
14,911
15,395
16,677

72,548
2,632
1,001
1,622
69,916
6,889
63,071
46,404
16,164
14,886
15,354
16,667

72,569
2,578
980
1,606
69,992
6,882
63,067
46,280
16,137
14,970
15,172
16,787

72,690
2,613
922
1,675
70,077
6,864
63,243
46,377
16,229
14,858
15,291
16,865

73,054
2,635
942
1,700
70,419
6,855
63,553
46,616
16,282
14,969
15,366
16,937

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,980
35,415
9,447

46,281
36,236
9,608

45,811
35,607
9,763

45,833
35,800
–

45,863
35,632
–

45,865
35,564
–

45,995
36,140
–

46,041
35,978
–

45,689
35,976
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

127,337
26,749

129,014
26,996

129,937
26,528

126,050
27,143

127,745
27,548

127,434
27,858

127,753
27,508

128,657
26,883

128,568
27,028

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,425
4.8

7,411
4.8

7,457
4.8

7,597
5.0

7,864
5.1

7,609
4.9

7,667
4.9

7,442
4.8

7,619
4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,611
9,783

5,696
9,889

5,586
9,587

–
9,607

–
9,713

–
9,793

–
9,741

–
9,755

–
9,464

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

June
2017

May
2018

June
2018

June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,964
797
315
473
6,167
1,128
5,052
3,857
1,555
1,112
1,190
1,156

6,065
745
307
454
5,321
1,073
4,261
3,252
1,405
950
897
1,039

6,564
743
303
430
5,821
1,123
4,665
3,448
1,424
1,038
986
1,168

4.3
13.3
14.0
12.5
4.0
7.5
3.6
3.8
4.3
3.4
3.5
3.2

4.1
14.4
15.5
13.7
3.7
6.8
3.4
3.5
4.4
3.1
2.9
3.2

4.1
13.5
14.9
12.6
3.7
6.6
3.4
3.5
4.2
3.2
2.9
3.2

3.9
12.9
13.8
12.7
3.6
6.7
3.3
3.4
4.4
3.0
2.8
3.0

3.8
12.8
14.8
12.2
3.4
7.1
3.0
3.1
3.8
2.8
2.7
2.8

4.0
12.6
14.4
11.4
3.7
7.4
3.3
3.3
3.9
3.1
3.0
3.1

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,702
433
154
269
3,269
662
2,602
2,015
867
561
587
587

3,373
468
187
285
2,905
618
2,325
1,715
742
487
486
610

3,534
432
169
251
3,102
640
2,442
1,797
749
527
522
644

4.4
14.4
14.7
13.8
4.0
8.4
3.5
3.7
4.5
3.2
3.3
3.0

4.2
16.4
17.1
16.1
3.7
7.6
3.3
3.2
4.1
2.7
2.8
3.5

4.1
15.2
16.1
14.5
3.7
7.5
3.3
3.4
4.1
3.0
2.9
3.2

4.1
15.3
17.2
14.6
3.7
7.7
3.3
3.4
4.6
2.7
2.7
3.2

3.9
16.0
18.0
15.1
3.5
7.9
3.1
3.1
3.8
2.7
2.8
3.0

4.1
14.7
16.5
13.2
3.7
8.2
3.2
3.2
3.8
2.9
3.0
3.2

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,262
364
161
203
2,898
466
2,449
1,842
688
551
603
572

2,692
277
120
169
2,415
454
1,936
1,537
664
462
411
465

3,030
310
134
179
2,720
483
2,224
1,651
675
511
464
519

4.3
12.1
13.4
11.2
4.0
6.5
3.8
3.8
4.1
3.6
3.8
3.4

4.1
12.5
14.0
11.4
3.8
6.0
3.5
3.8
4.7
3.5
3.0
2.8

4.0
11.8
13.8
10.6
3.7
5.7
3.5
3.6
4.3
3.4
3.0
3.2

3.7
10.4
10.6
10.6
3.5
5.7
3.2
3.5
4.2
3.3
2.8
2.8

3.6
9.6
11.6
9.2
3.3
6.2
3.0
3.2
3.9
3.0
2.6
2.7

4.0
10.5
12.4
9.5
3.7
6.6
3.4
3.4
4.0
3.3
2.9
3.0

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,041
1,021
703

905
857
470

968
940
573

2.2
2.8
6.9

2.1
2.7
6.2

2.1
2.6
5.6

2.1
2.4
5.5

1.9
2.3
4.7

2.1
2.5
5.5

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,763
1,188

4,937
1,166

5,306
1,222

4.4
4.2

4.1
4.5

4.0
4.5

3.9
4.2

3.7
4.2

4.0
4.3

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

June
2017

May
2018

Seasonally adjusted

June
2018

June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3,359
926
2,433
1,700
733
779
2,131
981

2,493
533
1,960
1,380
580
801
1,933
529

3,022
952
2,070
1,422
647
776
2,184
829

3,447
907
2,539
1,765
774
816
2,055
680

3,279
878
2,401
1,709
692
780
1,948
704

3,146
865
2,281
1,645
637
864
1,967
625

2,958
862
2,096
1,418
678
815
2,009
623

2,854
803
2,052
1,439
612
852
1,882
571

3,065
906
2,159
1,486
673
811
2,086
578

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

46.3
12.8
33.6
10.7
29.4
13.5

43.3
9.3
34.1
13.9
33.6
9.2

44.4
14.0
30.4
11.4
32.1
12.2

49.3
13.0
36.3
11.7
29.4
9.7

48.9
13.1
35.8
11.6
29.0
10.5

47.7
13.1
34.6
13.1
29.8
9.5

46.2
13.5
32.7
12.7
31.4
9.7

46.3
13.0
33.3
13.8
30.6
9.3

46.9
13.9
33.0
12.4
31.9
8.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.1
0.5
1.3
0.6

1.5
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.9
0.5
1.3
0.5

2.2
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.0
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.3
0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

June
2017

May
2018

June
2018

Seasonally adjusted
June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,057
1,739
2,454
867
1,587

1,950
1,568
2,237
1,066
1,171

2,991
1,665
2,156
811
1,345

2,301
1,942
2,652
937
1,715

2,508
1,906
2,330
934
1,397

2,287
2,009
2,202
880
1,322

2,115
2,017
2,329
1,036
1,293

2,034
1,945
2,166
977
1,189

2,227
1,882
2,314
836
1,478

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22.9
7.6

21.8
9.9

19.4
6.6

24.9
9.8

22.9
9.3

24.1
9.1

23.1
9.8

21.3
9.2

21.2
8.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

42.2
24.0
33.8
12.0
21.9

33.9
27.3
38.9
18.5
20.3

43.9
24.4
31.7
11.9
19.7

33.4
28.2
38.5
13.6
24.9

37.2
28.3
34.6
13.8
20.7

35.2
30.9
33.9
13.5
20.3

32.7
31.2
36.0
16.0
20.0

33.1
31.7
35.2
15.9
19.4

34.7
29.3
36.0
13.0
23.0

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

June
2017

June
2018

June
2017

June
2018

June
2017

June
2018

154,086
60,705

156,465
61,349

7,250
1,440

6,812
1,575

4.5
2.3

4.2
2.5

25,328
35,377
27,387
33,531
15,808
17,723

25,231
36,118
27,714
33,819
16,096
17,723

504
936
1,540
1,503
797
706

536
1,039
1,451
1,333
741
592

1.9
2.6
5.3
4.3
4.8
3.8

2.1
2.8
5.0
3.8
4.4
3.2

14,426
1,264
8,282
4,880

14,744
1,079
8,426
5,239

747
95
459
192

746
106
479
161

4.9
7.0
5.3
3.8

4.8
9.0
5.4
3.0

18,038
8,702
9,336

18,839
8,670
10,170

1,027
466
560

870
331
539

5.4
5.1
5.7

4.4
3.7
5.0

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

June
2017

June
2018

June
2017

June
2018

7,250
5,181
19
430
529
336
193
992
235
122
251
703
746
895
259
105
704
280

6,812
4,867
23
466
491
268
223
858
232
126
210
562
768
851
281
127
685
304

4.5
4.1
2.6
4.5
3.4
3.4
3.3
5.0
3.6
4.8
2.5
4.1
3.1
6.1
4.0
5.9
3.3
2.8

4.2
3.8
2.9
4.7
3.1
2.8
3.7
4.2
3.2
4.6
2.1
3.3
3.2
5.7
3.9
7.2
3.2
3.0

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

June
2017

May
2018

June
2018

June
2017

Feb.
2018

Mar.
2018

Apr.
2018

May
2018

June
2018

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.7

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.4

2.1

1.5

1.9

2.2

2.0

1.9

1.8

1.8

1.9

4.5

3.6

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.1

3.9

3.8

4.0

4.8

3.8

4.4

4.7

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.0

4.3

5.4

4.4

5.0

5.3

5.1

4.9

4.7

4.6

4.9

8.9

7.3

8.1

8.5

8.2

8.0

7.8

7.6

7.8

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

June
2017

Men
June
2018

June
2017

Women
June
2018

June
2017

June
2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

93,621
5,725
1,582
514
1,069

94,365
5,654
1,437
359
1,078

37,245
2,648
843
340
503

37,616
2,608
804
240
565

56,376
3,077
739
174
565

56,749
3,046
633
120
513

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,425
4.8
4,014
1,997
305
1,041

7,457
4.8
4,136
1,872
360
1,032

3,726
4.5
2,292
685
194
516

3,631
4.4
2,150
689
242
519

3,699
5.1
1,722
1,311
112
525

3,826
5.2
1,986
1,183
118
513

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

147,578
125,340
20,349

148,372
125,658
20,400

149,334
126,674
20,663

149,980
127,732
20,976

146,538
124,214
20,048

148,455
126,130
20,568

148,699
126,369
20,619

148,912
126,571
20,672

Change
from:
May2018 June2018p
213
202
53

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

684
50.4
633.9
146.3
188.3
51.9
39.0

721
47.6
673.2
149.1
185.5
52.8
38.5

730
48.5
681.8
150.6
189.6
52.8
38.7

742
48.4
693.6
152.3
193.1
53.2
39.3

680
49.7
630.2
145.4
184.7
52.0
38.7

730
50.0
680.1
150.6
186.8
52.9
38.8

733
49.5
683.7
151.2
188.2
53.1
38.9

737
48.0
688.6
151.0
189.0
53.2
38.8

4
-1.5
4.9
-0.2
0.8
0.1
-0.1

97.4
299.3

94.2
338.6

98.1
341.6

100.6
348.2

94.1
300.1

95.1
342.7

96.2
344.3

97.0
348.6

0.8
4.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,157
1,568.7
762.6
806.1
1,046.3
4,541.6
2,003.5
2,538.1

7,081
1,577.2
776.6
800.6
988.9
4,514.7
1,986.1
2,528.6

7,279
1,600.2
792.5
807.7
1,040.7
4,638.5
2,044.6
2,593.9

7,439
1,636.5
812.9
823.6
1,073.8
4,728.3
2,086.8
2,641.5

6,940
1,535.3
747.5
787.8
993.0
4,411.8
1,936.0
2,475.8

7,180
1,597.9
787.1
810.8
1,005.2
4,577.3
2,013.2
2,564.1

7,209
1,598.4
792.6
805.8
1,010.6
4,599.8
2,020.3
2,579.5

7,222
1,602.1
796.5
805.6
1,016.7
4,603.0
2,020.8
2,582.2

13
3.7
3.9
-0.2
6.1
3.2
0.5
2.7

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,508

12,598

12,654

12,795

12,428

12,658

12,677

12,713

36

7,782
399.8
417.8
373.8
1,435.0
1,085.2
1,045.0
158.6
87.7

7,886
402.4
419.6
379.9
1,476.1
1,112.5
1,058.5
169.0
85.3

7,914
406.2
423.3
379.6
1,481.3
1,120.1
1,062.3
169.0
85.8

8,003
411.6
427.3
383.1
1,496.9
1,133.8
1,075.8
170.6
86.8

7,731
395.9
409.6
373.4
1,426.9
1,079.0
1,039.7
158.0
87.0

7,905
404.5
420.5
380.7
1,478.3
1,115.4
1,062.3
169.5
85.5

7,918
405.7
419.0
380.6
1,481.8
1,121.6
1,064.8
169.5
85.9

7,950
407.0
419.2
383.5
1,488.9
1,126.0
1,069.9
169.9
86.1

32
1.3
0.2
2.9
7.1
4.4
5.1
0.4
0.2

363.3
400.7

367.7
404.9

368.1
407.0

372.8
413.1

361.3
399.0

368.8
406.6

369.2
407.8

370.9
410.9

1.7
3.1

34.7
389.5
1,642.3
961.3
397.6

31.6
400.0
1,652.2
962.6
389.3

32.4
401.9
1,649.4
953.6
391.3

32.5
406.0
1,673.5
970.3
393.2

34.5
386.9
1,632.6
956.0
395.0

31.9
401.5
1,654.2
962.0
390.7

32.4
403.2
1,652.0
954.0
391.4

32.2
403.2
1,664.5
966.0
390.6

-0.2
0.0
12.5
12.0
-0.8

595.7

595.4

598.1

601.5

591.6

597.0

597.8

597.0

-0.8

4,726
1,609.5
111.9
115.5
120.1
368.8
443.0
117.5
826.4
715.8

4,712
1,605.3
111.2
110.6
117.6
373.8
433.0
113.8
825.4
725.5

4,740
1,613.2
111.7
110.8
116.6
375.4
434.1
117.3
827.4
728.3

4,792
1,648.5
111.7
111.4
114.7
376.7
435.0
119.3
834.6
729.9

4,697
1,599.9
111.8
114.5
120.1
366.6
441.3
115.3
822.1
713.1

4,753
1,631.9
111.5
111.1
117.8
373.8
434.1
115.6
827.5
726.3

4,759
1,634.5
111.6
110.8
116.4
374.2
434.1
116.4
828.6
727.1

4,763
1,638.9
111.7
110.5
114.6
374.3
433.4
116.7
830.5
727.8

4
4.4
0.1
-0.3
-1.8
0.1
-0.7
0.3
1.9
0.7

297.8

295.9

305.5

310.0

292.1

303.0

305.7

304.4

-1.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104,991

105,258

106,011

106,756

104,166

105,562

105,750

105,899

149

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,498

27,496

27,690

27,804

27,462

27,727

27,774

27,770

-4

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,934.8
2,979.8
2,059.7

5,936.5
3,000.7
2,042.8

5,964.7
3,011.2
2,055.7

5,996.2
3,030.7
2,058.2

5,898.0
2,961.5
2,044.0

5,952.2
3,008.1
2,047.1

5,957.9
3,009.9
2,049.0

5,960.8
3,012.7
2,044.3

2.9
2.8
-4.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

Seasonally adjusted
June
2018p

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Change
from:
May2018 June2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

895.3

893.0

897.8

907.3

892.5

897.0

899.0

903.8

4.8

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,860.1
2,019.5
1,297.5
166.8
555.2
468.6
494.3

15,772.0
2,023.8
1,302.7
157.2
563.9
476.9
493.3

15,890.9
2,034.2
1,306.0
161.7
566.5
477.4
492.2

15,942.6
2,044.5
1,311.5
165.5
567.5
477.8
487.1

15,848.6
2,004.6
1,293.8
156.7
554.1
474.3
505.7

15,928.0
2,026.1
1,306.3
156.2
563.6
483.2
498.8

15,953.1
2,027.4
1,306.1
155.8
565.5
483.6
500.0

15,931.5
2,030.5
1,308.4
155.7
566.4
484.1
496.3

-21.6
3.1
2.3
-0.1
0.9
0.5
-3.7

1,331.1
3,116.7
1,060.6
942.9
1,357.9

1,360.0
3,070.0
1,050.4
929.9
1,318.2

1,387.3
3,094.2
1,052.1
940.3
1,335.7

1,378.2
3,118.8
1,050.8
950.2
1,362.8

1,268.5
3,085.1
1,063.7
931.1
1,382.0

1,311.9
3,097.2
1,057.1
937.4
1,367.8

1,314.6
3,098.5
1,057.0
937.6
1,375.3

1,315.1
3,089.9
1,055.5
938.7
1,382.2

0.5
-8.6
-1.5
1.1
6.9

583.0
3,081.7
1,139.5

574.4
3,073.4
1,131.6

578.9
3,081.0
1,135.1

578.1
3,066.1
1,135.9

604.0
3,128.0
1,175.1

597.0
3,127.8
1,168.6

598.8
3,138.3
1,175.3

598.0
3,116.8
1,171.3

-0.8
-21.5
-4.0

1,942.2
838.1
565.7

1,941.8
815.9
585.8

1,945.9
832.9
584.7

1,930.2
838.0
590.2

1,952.9
829.6
572.0

1,959.2
829.0
594.7

1,963.0
828.1
593.9

1,945.5
828.8
595.6

-17.5
0.7
1.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,145.7
495.7
216.5
67.4
1,466.5

5,232.9
501.8
212.5
64.2
1,458.4

5,280.7
503.8
214.0
66.0
1,473.6

5,308.4
508.0
214.0
68.3
1,492.0

5,160.2
491.1
215.4
65.0
1,452.4

5,291.4
502.5
212.4
65.0
1,471.3

5,309.0
502.1
213.6
65.6
1,474.9

5,324.4
503.6
212.8
65.9
1,477.4

15.4
1.5
-0.8
0.3
2.5

486.1
48.2
45.3
689.7
650.3
980.0

508.8
46.8
31.3
706.1
691.3
1,011.7

510.6
46.9
39.0
707.2
698.0
1,021.6

491.4
47.4
44.0
713.7
707.9
1,021.7

493.8
48.1
36.0
688.4
679.8
990.2

494.9
47.0
35.5
707.2
731.6
1,024.0

493.3
47.0
35.7
709.6
735.5
1,031.7

497.6
47.3
35.1
712.6
739.6
1,032.5

4.3
0.3
-0.6
3.0
4.1
0.8

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

557.5

554.2

553.2

556.4

554.7

555.4

554.0

553.7

-0.3

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,809
722.3

2,763
709.2

2,765
709.7

2,781
714.9

2,796
723.0

2,768
713.0

2,768
714.3

2,768
715.5

0
1.2

432.1
264.5
786.4

419.1
263.2
758.7

422.1
261.6
757.5

426.2
263.1
755.1

423.0
264.6
785.7

415.1
263.2
761.4

416.2
262.7
758.9

416.1
263.1
755.7

-0.1
0.4
-3.2

319.0
285.0

326.5
286.2

328.3
285.7

331.1
291.0

317.3
282.2

327.4
287.6

328.1
287.7

329.2
288.3

1.1
0.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,510
6,284.7
19.1

8,505
6,293.9
18.9

8,552
6,313.4
19.0

8,637
6,352.4
19.3

8,449
6,265.3
19.0

8,551
6,316.3
19.0

8,568
6,327.4
19.1

8,576
6,332.2
19.2

8
4.8
0.1

2,660.5
1,721.8
1,329.3
625.8
312.9

2,653.0
1,715.2
1,321.3
624.0
313.8

2,664.1
1,721.8
1,325.3
628.5
313.8

2,679.8
1,730.3
1,330.4
632.3
317.2

2,650.6
1,715.4
1,326.1
624.8
310.4

2,662.1
1,719.0
1,323.2
628.4
314.7

2,668.3
1,721.3
1,325.2
632.5
314.4

2,669.2
1,723.2
1,326.9
631.2
314.8

0.9
1.9
1.7
-1.3
0.4

945.8
2,659.3
2,225.1
1,614.6
585.9

958.9
2,663.1
2,210.9
1,609.2
577.5

958.9
2,671.4
2,238.4
1,621.4
592.2

969.7
2,683.6
2,284.9
1,648.1
610.9

941.6
2,654.1
2,184.1
1,595.8
564.0

963.6
2,671.6
2,235.0
1,621.7
588.7

964.2
2,675.8
2,240.3
1,625.6
589.8

965.7
2,678.1
2,244.1
1,629.2
589.5

1.5
2.3
3.8
3.6
-0.3

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

Seasonally adjusted
June
2018p

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Change
from:
May2018 June2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

24.6

24.2

24.8

25.9

24.3

24.6

24.9

25.4

0.5

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,600
8,982.3
1,148.8
935.5
1,453.1
138.5

20,822
9,217.9
1,131.4
1,080.8
1,455.5
137.6

20,933
9,148.4
1,133.6
961.6
1,470.4
138.9

21,134
9,221.1
1,151.7
953.5
1,497.5
139.4

20,448
8,999.2
1,139.5
993.7
1,434.6
137.9

20,876
9,168.1
1,136.3
993.8
1,467.2
137.7

20,919
9,201.2
1,136.6
1,005.8
1,471.6
138.4

20,969
9,226.3
1,141.4
1,006.5
1,478.4
138.6

50
25.1
4.8
0.7
6.8
0.2

2,034.1

2,085.4

2,098.0

2,105.4

2,038.9

2,092.5

2,099.5

2,105.5

6.0

1,402.8

1,431.0

1,440.0

1,450.9

1,399.0

1,439.3

1,442.8

1,447.6

4.8

664.4
494.7
710.4
2,308.9
9,308.8
8,891.0
511.4
152.7
3,627.9
2,961.0
887.8

669.6
496.5
730.1
2,306.5
9,297.6
8,874.7
519.8
155.0
3,645.9
2,967.6
900.9

674.3
497.8
733.8
2,321.1
9,463.6
9,032.9
521.6
155.8
3,707.3
3,020.3
898.6

684.6
496.8
741.3
2,344.9
9,567.7
9,132.0
526.9
154.8
3,743.1
3,054.1
897.9

657.4
492.3
705.9
2,295.4
9,153.4
8,742.2
509.5
152.1
3,602.1
2,943.3
900.6

672.7
496.5
732.1
2,318.9
9,388.5
8,962.3
521.3
154.9
3,719.0
3,033.4
908.9

674.2
497.1
735.2
2,325.2
9,392.8
8,964.3
522.1
155.5
3,712.8
3,028.7
910.8

677.1
494.3
737.0
2,330.6
9,412.2
8,983.5
525.0
154.3
3,719.3
3,038.0
911.3

2.9
-2.8
1.8
5.4
19.4
19.2
2.9
-1.2
6.5
9.3
0.5

221.1
916.0
2,247.1
327.0

218.1
932.1
2,165.2
337.7

218.7
938.5
2,253.5
338.9

220.0
939.2
2,305.4
344.7

217.1
916.9
2,122.3
321.5

217.3
935.9
2,167.6
337.3

216.8
939.2
2,170.1
337.1

216.3
939.9
2,178.2
339.4

-0.5
0.7
8.1
2.3

417.8

422.9

430.7

435.7

411.2

426.2

428.5

428.7

0.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22,966
3,433.7
19,532.0
15,728.7
7,290.3
2,584.2
935.4
890.3
893.9
268.6
1,412.4

23,697
3,881.7
19,815.5
15,932.4
7,441.7
2,626.1
938.3
921.4
924.9
276.9
1,445.7

23,633
3,755.5
19,877.7
15,976.9
7,476.4
2,632.7
941.8
926.6
929.1
277.9
1,458.2

23,417
3,501.8
19,914.8
16,038.3
7,494.9
2,639.1
949.3
931.1
929.3
281.5
1,455.6

23,178
3,662.6
19,515.1
15,714.0
7,287.1
2,586.1
932.1
888.0
893.7
269.1
1,411.6

23,529
3,703.9
19,825.1
15,967.1
7,455.2
2,632.4
941.2
922.0
925.5
277.2
1,447.9

23,569
3,709.2
19,860.0
15,998.1
7,477.6
2,637.5
942.6
924.4
928.9
279.1
1,454.8

23,623
3,728.1
19,894.7
16,023.3
7,491.1
2,640.7
945.8
928.3
929.8
281.2
1,455.0

54
18.9
34.7
25.2
13.5
3.2
3.2
3.9
0.9
2.1
0.2

305.5
5,078.5
3,359.9
1,634.0
630.6

308.4
5,150.6
3,340.1
1,606.7
631.5

310.1
5,148.4
3,352.1
1,610.5
632.8

309.0
5,174.3
3,369.1
1,617.2
636.8

306.6
5,080.5
3,346.4
1,627.8
628.7

309.1
5,160.9
3,351.0
1,612.4
632.4

310.4
5,165.2
3,355.3
1,613.1
633.2

310.3
5,175.8
3,356.4
1,611.6
635.3

-0.1
10.6
1.1
-1.5
2.1

923.5
171.8
3,803.3
2,358.5
168.5
349.8
926.5

930.1
171.8
3,883.1
2,415.0
170.7
343.9
953.5

935.9
172.9
3,900.8
2,423.8
171.8
346.2
959.0

942.8
172.3
3,876.5
2,428.5
174.5
349.0
924.5

920.6
169.2
3,801.1
2,346.7
167.7
344.8
941.8

934.1
172.1
3,858.0
2,407.9
170.3
345.4
934.3

935.9
173.2
3,861.9
2,409.1
172.2
345.8
934.8

939.5
169.9
3,871.4
2,415.9
173.5
344.2
937.8

3.6
-3.3
9.5
6.8
1.3
-1.6
3.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,759
2,643.3
532.7

16,134
2,277.8
512.1

16,552
2,426.2
533.0

17,027
2,662.6
535.1

16,054
2,335.9
498.7

16,262
2,343.8
496.9

16,290
2,346.4
501.3

16,315
2,350.9
500.0

25
4.5
-1.3

185.7

169.1

176.3

190.3

168.1

172.5

170.2

172.5

2.3

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Change
from:
May2018 June2018p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,924.9
14,115.6
2,111.5
12,004.1

1,596.6
13,856.2
1,978.3
11,877.9

1,716.9
14,125.6
2,030.1
12,095.5

1,937.2
14,364.6
2,136.6
12,228.0

1,669.1
13,718.1
2,007.7
11,710.4

1,674.4
13,918.1
2,024.4
11,893.7

1,674.9
13,943.7
2,028.4
11,915.3

1,678.4
13,963.7
2,032.0
11,931.7

3.5
20.0
3.6
16.4

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,849
1,319.3
1,498.4
3,031.7

5,841
1,321.4
1,519.7
3,000.1

5,886
1,329.1
1,536.0
3,021.0

5,956
1,331.3
1,551.1
3,073.9

5,779
1,306.4
1,481.8
2,990.7

5,849
1,316.8
1,518.3
3,013.7

5,862
1,319.3
1,524.0
3,018.9

5,878
1,318.5
1,532.8
3,027.0

16
-0.8
8.8
8.1

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,238
2,822.0
2,206.3
615.8
4,906.0
2,208.7
2,696.8
14,510.0
7,862.3
6,647.9

22,714
2,787.0
2,178.6
608.4
5,278.0
2,615.8
2,662.0
14,649.0
8,251.5
6,397.5

22,660
2,789.0
2,184.6
603.9
5,117.0
2,450.8
2,666.6
14,754.0
8,269.0
6,485.1

22,248
2,804.0
2,200.4
603.8
4,847.0
2,156.9
2,690.3
14,597.0
7,903.1
6,693.5

22,324
2,805.0
2,189.6
615.2
5,149.0
2,472.0
2,676.9
14,370.0
7,916.6
6,452.9

22,325
2,792.0
2,185.6
606.1
5,106.0
2,441.8
2,663.9
14,427.0
7,943.9
6,482.8

22,330
2,791.0
2,185.2
605.5
5,100.0
2,434.9
2,665.0
14,439.0
7,948.6
6,490.0

22,341
2,789.0
2,183.6
605.0
5,100.0
2,430.3
2,669.2
14,452.0
7,956.2
6,495.9

11
-2.0
-1.6
-0.5
0.0
-4.6
4.2
13.0
7.6
5.9

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
40.4
45.1
39.1
40.8
41.3
40.0
33.3
34.4
39.0
31.0
38.9
42.3
36.3
37.6
36.1
32.9
26.1
31.8

34.5
40.7
45.9
39.5
41.0
41.5
40.2
33.3
34.4
38.9
31.0
38.9
42.2
36.0
37.6
36.1
33.0
26.1
31.7

34.5
40.6
46.2
39.5
40.8
41.3
40.1
33.3
34.6
39.1
31.2
38.8
42.0
35.9
37.6
36.2
32.9
26.1
31.7

34.5
40.5
46.5
39.3
40.9
41.4
40.1
33.4
34.6
39.1
31.2
38.9
41.9
35.9
37.6
36.2
33.0
26.2
31.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.6
3.6
3.6

3.4
3.4
3.5

3.5
3.5
3.5

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$26.26
27.53
31.92
28.86
26.56
27.82
24.42
25.96
22.76
30.01
18.15
23.85
39.08
38.41
33.05
31.47
26.28
15.45
23.75

$26.86
28.07
32.52
29.63
26.93
28.25
24.66
26.57
23.16
30.23
18.56
24.29
40.34
39.31
34.44
32.19
26.80
15.86
24.33

$26.93
28.09
32.45
29.66
26.94
28.27
24.65
26.66
23.24
30.41
18.65
24.31
40.20
39.41
34.65
32.27
26.92
15.89
24.37

$26.98
28.15
32.56
29.71
27.00
28.34
24.71
26.70
23.23
30.54
18.58
24.26
40.34
39.60
34.58
32.32
27.05
15.97
24.37

$903.34
1,112.21
1,439.59
1,128.43
1,083.65
1,148.97
976.80
864.47
782.94
1,170.39
562.65
927.77
1,653.08
1,394.28
1,242.68
1,136.07
864.61
403.25
755.25

$926.67
1,142.45
1,492.67
1,170.39
1,104.13
1,172.38
991.33
884.78
796.70
1,175.95
575.36
944.88
1,702.35
1,415.16
1,294.94
1,162.06
884.40
413.95
771.26

$929.09
1,140.45
1,499.19
1,171.57
1,099.15
1,167.55
988.47
887.78
804.10
1,189.03
581.88
943.23
1,688.40
1,414.82
1,302.84
1,168.17
885.67
414.73
772.53

$930.81
1,140.08
1,514.04
1,167.60
1,104.30
1,173.28
990.87
891.78
803.76
1,194.11
579.70
943.71
1,690.25
1,421.64
1,300.21
1,169.98
892.65
418.41
772.53

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Percent
change
from:
May
2018 June
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107.3
92.3
96.4
93.5
91.2
89.9
93.8
111.6
102.7
100.4
99.8
114.9
101.5
92.7
104.0
116.1
124.5
119.6
106.0

109.2
95.4
105.3
97.8
93.4
92.4
95.4
113.1
103.7
101.0
100.3
117.8
101.4
91.0
105.3
118.5
126.8
121.1
106.9

109.4
95.4
106.4
98.2
93.1
92.1
95.3
113.3
104.5
101.6
101.1
117.9
100.7
90.8
105.5
119.1
126.6
121.3
107.1

109.6
95.4
107.7
97.8
93.5
92.7
95.3
113.8
104.5
101.7
101.0
118.5
100.4
90.8
105.6
119.4
127.3
122.0
107.4

0.2
0.0
1.2
-0.4
0.4
0.7
0.0
0.4
0.0
0.1
-0.1
0.5
-0.3
0.0
0.1
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.3

1

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Percent
change
from:
May
2018 June
2018p

134.6
114.8
123.5
117.3
112.7
111.1
116.2
140.8
125.9
125.7
119.7
139.0
131.1
126.8
134.1
148.0
157.4
149.0
137.9

140.2
121.0
137.5
125.9
116.9
115.9
119.3
146.0
129.3
127.4
123.1
145.2
135.2
127.4
141.5
154.6
163.5
155.0
142.6

140.9
121.1
138.6
126.5
116.6
115.6
119.1
146.8
130.7
129.0
124.7
145.4
133.7
127.3
142.6
155.7
164.0
155.5
143.1

141.4
121.4
140.8
126.3
117.5
116.6
119.5
147.7
130.7
129.6
124.0
145.9
133.8
128.0
142.4
156.3
165.6
157.1
143.5

0.4
0.2
1.6
-0.2
0.8
0.9
0.3
0.6
0.0
0.5
-0.6
0.3
0.1
0.5
-0.1
0.4
1.0
1.0
0.3

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

72,587
59,781
4,394
92
875
3,427
1,809
1,618
55,387
11,052
1,739.3
7,919.5
1,265.9
127.5
1,111
4,776
9,204
17,855
8,337
3,052
12,806

73,637
60,791
4,536
93
919
3,524
1,858
1,666
56,255
11,135
1,770.4
7,934.0
1,301.6
128.8
1,092
4,827
9,443
18,124
8,536
3,098
12,846

73,820
60,960
4,555
94
921
3,540
1,862
1,678
56,405
11,151
1,768.1
7,947.9
1,306.5
128.5
1,093
4,840
9,480
18,162
8,560
3,119
12,860

73,973
61,100
4,571
95
926
3,550
1,871
1,679
56,529
11,155
1,776.0
7,935.7
1,313.7
129.9
1,095
4,851
9,508
18,218
8,575
3,127
12,873

49.5
48.1
21.9
13.5
12.6
27.6
23.4
34.4
53.2
40.2
29.5
50.0
24.5
23.0
39.7
56.5
45.0
77.0
51.9
52.8
57.4

49.6
48.2
22.1
12.7
12.8
27.8
23.5
35.1
53.3
40.2
29.7
49.8
24.6
23.2
39.5
56.4
45.2
77.0
52.5
53.0
57.5

49.6
48.2
22.1
12.8
12.8
27.9
23.5
35.3
53.3
40.1
29.7
49.8
24.6
23.2
39.5
56.5
45.3
77.1
52.5
53.2
57.6

49.7
48.3
22.1
12.9
12.8
27.9
23.5
35.3
53.4
40.2
29.8
49.8
24.7
23.5
39.6
56.6
45.3
77.1
52.6
53.2
57.6

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

102,395
14,418
496
5,206
8,716
5,303
3,413
87,977
23,142
4,727.1
13,485.1
4,481.9
447.4
2,258
6,575
16,723
20,355
14,142
4,782

103,892
14,789
542
5,359
8,888
5,438
3,450
89,103
23,437
4,771.7
13,618.3
4,601.9
445.0
2,230
6,626
17,001
20,666
14,304
4,839

104,086
14,820
545
5,382
8,893
5,440
3,453
89,266
23,486
4,780.3
13,645.3
4,616.8
444.0
2,229
6,638
17,042
20,696
14,328
4,847

104,248
14,869
550
5,389
8,930
5,473
3,457
89,379
23,468
4,780.1
13,613.9
4,630.7
443.4
2,230
6,647
17,088
20,747
14,342
4,857

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.7
41.3
45.7
39.6
42.0
42.4
41.3
32.5
33.8
38.9
30.2
38.5
42.5
35.8
37.0
35.5
32.2
24.9
30.8

33.8
41.7
47.2
40.2
42.3
42.6
41.9
32.5
33.9
38.9
30.3
38.4
43.1
35.9
37.0
35.3
32.3
24.9
30.8

33.8
41.6
47.6
40.3
42.0
42.2
41.6
32.5
34.0
39.1
30.4
38.3
42.8
35.6
36.9
35.3
32.3
24.9
30.7

33.8
41.5
47.8
39.9
42.0
42.3
41.5
32.5
34.0
38.9
30.5
38.4
42.8
35.6
36.9
35.4
32.3
25.0
30.7

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.4
4.4
4.3

4.8
4.9
4.6

4.5
4.5
4.4

4.5
4.6
4.3

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$22.02
23.10
27.38
26.63
20.85
21.82
19.31
21.80
19.35
24.71
15.29
21.32
36.40
30.86
26.56
25.94
23.01
13.38
20.01

$22.52
23.82
27.95
27.49
21.44
22.41
19.90
22.24
19.75
24.88
15.80
21.79
36.44
31.29
26.89
26.54
23.46
13.74
20.52

$22.58
23.84
28.00
27.51
21.42
22.36
19.92
22.31
19.84
25.05
15.91
21.78
36.46
31.56
26.89
26.62
23.54
13.79
20.54

$22.62
23.88
28.08
27.56
21.48
22.45
19.93
22.35
19.86
25.22
15.87
21.78
36.52
31.78
26.90
26.67
23.60
13.82
20.55

$742.07
954.03
1,251.27
1,054.55
875.70
925.17
797.50
708.50
654.03
961.22
461.76
820.82
1,547.00
1,104.79
982.72
920.87
740.92
333.16
616.31

$761.18
993.29
1,319.24
1,105.10
906.91
954.67
833.81
722.80
669.53
967.83
478.74
836.74
1,570.56
1,123.31
994.93
936.86
757.76
342.13
632.02

$763.20
991.74
1,332.80
1,108.65
899.64
943.59
828.67
725.08
674.56
979.46
483.66
834.17
1,560.49
1,123.54
992.24
939.69
760.34
343.37
630.58

$764.56
991.02
1,342.22
1,099.64
902.16
949.64
827.10
726.38
675.24
981.06
484.04
836.35
1,563.06
1,131.37
992.61
944.12
762.28
345.50
630.89

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Percent
change
from:
May
2018 June
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115.0
91.0
120.5
103.2
84.0
84.5
83.1
121.8
109.0
108.3
103.1
129.9
97.2
92.3
114.5
133.1
139.7
129.0
103.3

117.0
94.2
135.9
107.9
86.3
87.1
85.2
123.3
110.8
109.3
104.4
133.0
98.1
91.4
115.4
134.5
142.3
130.5
104.5

117.2
94.2
137.9
108.6
85.7
86.3
84.6
123.6
111.3
110.1
105.0
133.1
97.2
90.6
115.3
134.8
142.5
130.7
104.4

117.4
94.3
139.7
107.7
86.1
87.0
84.5
123.7
111.2
109.5
105.1
133.9
97.1
90.6
115.5
135.6
142.9
131.3
104.6

0.2
0.1
1.3
-0.8
0.5
0.8
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.5
0.1
0.6
-0.1
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.3
0.5
0.2

1

June
2017

Apr.
2018

May
2018p

June
2018p

Percent
change
from:
May
2018 June
2018p

169.2
128.7
191.8
148.4
114.6
115.1
113.3
182.0
150.5
157.6
135.1
175.7
147.7
141.0
187.1
205.4
212.2
196.0
150.6

176.1
137.4
221.0
160.1
121.0
121.8
119.8
188.1
156.0
160.2
141.4
183.9
149.2
141.5
190.9
212.4
220.4
203.6
156.3

176.9
137.5
224.5
161.3
120.1
120.4
119.1
189.0
157.6
162.4
143.2
183.9
147.9
141.5
190.8
213.6
221.4
204.7
156.2

177.5
137.9
228.2
160.2
120.9
121.9
119.1
189.6
157.6
162.7
143.0
184.9
147.9
142.6
191.1
215.2
222.6
206.1
156.6

0.3
0.3
1.6
-0.7
0.7
1.2
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
-0.1
0.5
0.0
0.8
0.2
0.7
0.5
0.7
0.3

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
Full text of The Employment Situation : June 2018

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