Full text of The Employment Situation : June 2000

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Technical information:
USDL 00-194
Household data: (202) 691-6378

Establishment data:
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691-6555
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Transmission of material in this release is
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Friday, July 7, 2000.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

JUNE 2000

Total nonfarm payroll employment was little changed in June, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Privatesector payroll employment rose by 206,000, following a decline of 165,000
(as revised) in May. The June increase in private payrolls was largely
offset by a decline in federal government employment, as 190,000 temporary
workers hired for the decennial census completed their work. The
unemployment rate was 4.0 percent in June, about the same as in May.
Average hourly earnings increased by 5 cents over the month and by 3.6
percent over the year.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons, 5.6 million, and the
unemployment rate, 4.0 percent, were little changed in June. The jobless
rate has been in a 3.9- to 4.1-percent range since October 1999.
Unemployment rates for the major worker groups--adult men (3.2 percent),
adult women (3.8 percent), teenagers (11.6 percent), whites (3.4 percent),
blacks (7.9 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)--showed little or no
change over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment rose by 464,000 to 135.2 million, seasonally adjusted,
in June. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population
age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.5 percent, compared with 64.3 percent in
May. During the first 4 months of this year, the employment-population
ratio had ranged from 64.7 to 64.9 percent. In June, the civilian labor
force was about unchanged at 140.8 million, seasonally adjusted. (See
table A-1.)
Approximately 7.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more
than one job in June. These multiple jobholders represented 5.4 percent of
total employment, compared with 5.6 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in June. These people wanted and were
available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months.
They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively
searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of
discouraged workers was 308,000 in June, up from 220,000 a year earlier.
Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not
currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were
available for them. (See table A-10.)

- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
|
Quarterly
|
Monthly data
|
|
averages
|
|
|_________________|__________________________| MayCategory
|
2000
|
2000
| June
|_________________|_________________ ________|change
|
I
| II
| Apr. | May
| June |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA
|
Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,981| 140,827| 141,230| 140,489| 140,762|
273
Employment..........| 135,247| 135,200| 135,706| 134,715| 135,179|
464
Unemployment........|
5,733|
5,627|
5,524|
5,774|
5,583|
-191
Not in labor force....| 67,933| 68,550| 67,986| 68,882| 68,781|
-101
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........|
4.1|
4.0|
3.9|
4.1|
4.0|
-0.1
Adult men...........|
3.3|
3.3|
3.2|
3.4|
3.2|
-.2
Adult women.........|
3.6|
3.7|
3.5|
3.8|
3.8|
.0
Teenagers...........|
13.4|
12.3|
12.7|
12.5|
11.6|
-.9
White...............|
3.5|
3.4|
3.5|
3.5|
3.4|
-.1
Black...............|
7.8|
7.7|
7.2|
8.0|
7.9|
-.1
Hispanic origin.....|
5.9|
5.6|
5.4|
5.8|
5.6|
-.2
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
|
Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 130,626|p131,537| 131,419|p131,590|p131,601|
p11
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,680| p25,704| 25,725| p25,687| p25,700|
p13
Construction......|
6,665| p6,679|
6,694| p6,670| p6,673|
p3
Manufacturing.....| 18,481| p18,487| 18,492| p18,480| p18,488|
p8
Service-producing 1/| 104,946|p105,833| 105,694|p105,903|p105,901|
p-2
Retail trade......| 22,993| p23,136| 23,197| p23,081| p23,130|
p49
Services..........| 39,949| p40,256| 40,195| p40,212| p40,360|
p148
Government........| 20,431| p20,826| 20,667| p21,003| p20,808| p-195
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
34.5|
p34.5|
34.6|
p34.4|
p34.5|
p0.1
Manufacturing.......|
41.7|
p41.7|
42.2|
p41.4|
p41.6|
p.2
Overtime..........|
4.6|
p4.7|
4.9|
p4.5|
p4.6|
p.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
150.7| p151.2|
151.7| p150.8| p151.2|
p0.4
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| $13.54| p$13.67| $13.64| p$13.66| p$13.71| p$0.05
Avg. weekly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| 467.47| p471.61| 471.94| p469.90| p473.00| p3.10
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.

- 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment edged up by 11,000 to 131.6 million in
June, seasonally adjusted. Private-sector employment rose by 206,000,
following a decline in May. So far this year, the number of private-sector
jobs has increased by an average of 177,000 per month, compared with
202,000 per month for all of 1999. Government employment declined by
195,000 in June; this included the departure of 190,000 temporary census
workers from federal government payrolls. (See table B-1.)
Employment in the services industry rose by 148,000 in June, after an
unusually small gain (17,000) in May. Business services added 54,000 jobs
in June, following a loss of 20,000 in May. In hotels and in amusements
and recreation, job growth was above average in June; there had been little
growth in either industry in May. Health services experienced an aboveaverage employment increase of 15,000, following 2 months of sluggish
growth. Employment in engineering and management services continued on a
strong growth trend.
Retail trade added 49,000 jobs over the month, with an increase of
35,000 in eating and drinking places. During the first 6 months of the
year, retail employment growth averaged 32,000 a month, about in line with
the monthly average for all of 1999. Employment in miscellaneous retail
establishments also rose over the month, while job losses continued in
department stores and in building materials and garden supplies stores.
Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 18,000 in
June, following a rare decline in May. Jobs added in communications and
air transportation accounted for nearly all of the June growth.
In wholesale trade, employment declined for the second consecutive
month. For the first 6 months of 2000, average monthly employment gains in
the industry were less than half of the average monthly increase in 1999.
Finance, insurance, and real estate continued to lose jobs in June.
After 4-1/2 years of steady growth, employment in these industries has
fallen by 20,000 thus far this year, including losses in commercial banks
(14,000), savings institutions (6,000), mortgage banks (25,000), and
insurance (18,000). In contrast, security brokerages added 30,000 jobs
over the first half of the year, including a gain of 7,000 in June. Real
estate employment declined by 10,000 in June, offsetting nearly all of the
increase during the first 5 months of the year.
Federal government employment fell by 197,000 in June, as 190,000
temporary census jobs ended. Small job declines continued elsewhere in the
federal government.
In the goods-producing sector, employment in manufacturing was little
changed in June. Since October 1999, net job gains in durable goods
manufacturing (38,000) have been largely offset by job losses in nondurable
goods (34,000). In June, durable goods added 14,000 jobs, while nondurable
employment fell by 6,000. Within durables, job gains continued in electronic
components and fabricated metals. Industrial machinery and autos also added
jobs in June, but the recent trend in these industries is less clear.
Employment declines resumed in aircraft manufacturing. Within nondurables,
job losses continued in apparel and in textiles. Employment rose in food
products and in printing and publishing; both industries appear to have
returned to a slow growth trend.

- 4 Construction employment was essentially unchanged in June. Job growth
in the industry averaged 20,000 a month in the first half of 2000, compared
with 25,000 a month in all of 1999. Mining employment edged up in June.
Since August 1999, the oil and gas component of mining has added 19,000
jobs. These gains have been partly offset by declines in coal mining.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in June to 34.5 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.2 hour to
41.6 hours. Manufacturing overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 4.6 hours.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.3 percent to 151.2
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was up by
0.4 percent to 106.3. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents in June to $13.71, seasonally
adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent to
$473.00. Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly
earnings grew by 3.6 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for July 2000 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, August 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).

- 5 Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall
need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

- 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication
individuals are counted only once, even if
the establishment survey, employees working
appearing on more than one payroll would be
appearance.

of individuals, because
they hold more than one job. In
at more than one job and thus
counted separately for each

Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

- 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the

- 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, sex, and age

June
1999

May
2000

June
2000

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................
Not in labor force..............................
Persons who currently want a job..............

207,632
140,666
67.7
134,395
64.7
3,691
130,704
6,271
4.5
66,966
5,204

209,371
140,395
67.1
134,961
64.5
3,490
131,471
5,435
3.9
68,975
4,989

209,543
142,132
67.8
136,192
65.0
3,682
132,510
5,940
4.2
67,411
4,641

207,632
139,332
67.1
133,398
64.2
3,330
130,068
5,934
4.3
68,300
4,770

208,907
141,165
67.6
135,362
64.8
3,408
131,954
5,804
4.1
67,742
4,374

209,053
140,867
67.4
135,159
64.7
3,359
131,801
5,708
4.1
68,187
4,594

209,216
141,230
67.5
135,706
64.9
3,355
132,351
5,524
3.9
67,986
4,352

209,371
140,489
67.1
134,715
64.3
3,298
131,417
5,774
4.1
68,882
4,412

209,543
140,762
67.2
135,179
64.5
3,321
131,858
5,583
4.0
68,781
4,254

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

99,668 100,566 100,654
75,472 74,928 76,204
75.7
74.5
75.7
72,312 72,199 73,213
72.6
71.8
72.7
3,159
2,729
2,991
4.2
3.6
3.9

99,668 100,330 100,405 100,487 100,566 100,654
74,414 75,594 75,198 75,189 74,883 75,120
74.7
75.3
74.9
74.8
74.5
74.6
71,330 72,473 72,313 72,307 71,948 72,217
71.6
72.2
72.0
72.0
71.5
71.7
3,084
3,121
2,885
2,882
2,934
2,903
4.1
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.9

91,487
70,486
77.0
68,144
74.5
2,432
65,712
2,342
3.3

91,487
70,116
76.6
67,645
73.9
2,246
65,399
2,471
3.5

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

92,408
70,691
76.5
68,491
74.1
2,346
66,145
2,200
3.1

92,546
71,119
76.8
68,952
74.5
2,460
66,492
2,167
3.0

92,092
71,120
77.2
68,691
74.6
2,309
66,382
2,429
3.4

92,145
70,822
76.9
68,480
74.3
2,232
66,249
2,342
3.3

92,303
70,761
76.7
68,481
74.2
2,213
66,269
2,280
3.2

92,408
70,603
76.4
68,230
73.8
2,217
66,013
2,373
3.4

92,546
70,714
76.4
68,430
73.9
2,269
66,161
2,284
3.2

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,964 108,805 108,889 107,964 108,577 108,649 108,729 108,805 108,889
Civilian labor force............................ 65,195 65,468 65,928 64,918 65,572 65,668 66,041 65,606 65,642
Participation rate........................
60.4
60.2
60.5
60.1
60.4
60.4
60.7
60.3
60.3
Employed...................................... 62,083 62,762 62,980 62,068 62,889 62,846 63,399 62,767 62,962
Employment-population ratio...............
57.5
57.7
57.8
57.5
57.9
57.8
58.3
57.7
57.8
Unemployed....................................
3,112
2,705
2,948
2,850
2,683
2,823
2,642
2,839
2,680
Unemployment rate.........................
4.8
4.1
4.5
4.4
4.1
4.3
4.0
4.3
4.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,131 100,929 101,007 100,131 100,666 100,713 100,809 100,929 101,007
Civilian labor force............................ 60,748 61,530 61,361 60,988 61,575 61,671 61,920 61,614 61,596
Participation rate........................
60.7
61.0
60.7
60.9
61.2
61.2
61.4
61.0
61.0
Employed...................................... 58,351 59,322 58,983 58,647 59,398 59,422 59,757 59,248 59,278
Employment-population ratio...............
58.3
58.8
58.4
58.6
59.0
59.0
59.3
58.7
58.7
Agriculture.................................
907
881
889
851
871
894
899
864
834
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,445 58,442 58,093 57,796 58,526 58,528 58,858 58,383 58,444
Unemployed....................................
2,397
2,208
2,379
2,341
2,178
2,249
2,163
2,367
2,318
Unemployment rate.........................
3.9
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population.............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

16,014
9,432
58.9
7,900
49.3
353
7,547
1,532
16.2

16,034
8,175
51.0
7,147
44.6
263
6,884
1,027
12.6

15,991
9,652
60.4
8,258
51.6
333
7,925
1,394
14.4

16,014
8,228
51.4
7,106
44.4
233
6,873
1,122
13.6

16,149
8,470
52.4
7,273
45.0
228
7,046
1,197
14.1

16,196
8,374
51.7
7,257
44.8
233
7,024
1,117
13.3

16,104
8,549
53.1
7,467
46.4
243
7,224
1,082
12.7

16,034
8,271
51.6
7,237
45.1
217
7,020
1,034
12.5

15,991
8,452
52.9
7,471
46.7
218
7,253
981
11.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
June
1999

May
2000

June
2000

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 172,999 174,197 174,316 172,999 173,886 173,983 174,092 174,197 174,316
Civilian labor force............................ 117,655 117,156 118,605 116,518 117,821 117,832 117,988 117,097 117,451
Participation rate..........................
68.0
67.3
68.0
67.4
67.8
67.7
67.8
67.2
67.4
Employed...................................... 113,011 113,309 114,369 112,115 113,634 113,630 113,915 112,988 113,484
Employment-population ratio.................
65.3
65.0
65.6
64.8
65.3
65.3
65.4
64.9
65.1
Unemployed....................................
4,644
3,847
4,236
4,403
4,187
4,202
4,073
4,108
3,967
Unemployment rate...........................
3.9
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

60,025
77.6
58,246
75.3
1,779
3.0

60,045
77.0
58,475
74.9
1,571
2.6

60,395
77.3
58,818
75.3
1,577
2.6

59,721
77.2
57,835
74.7
1,886
3.2

60,387
77.6
58,631
75.3
1,756
2.9

60,282
77.4
58,541
75.1
1,742
2.9

60,048
77.0
58,386
74.9
1,662
2.8

59,882
76.7
58,184
74.6
1,698
2.8

60,074
76.9
58,409
74.8
1,666
2.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

49,661
59.9
47,926
57.8
1,735
3.5

50,188
60.1
48,665
58.3
1,523
3.0

50,060
59.9
48,373
57.9
1,687
3.4

49,850
60.1
48,167
58.1
1,683
3.4

50,335
60.4
48,792
58.6
1,544
3.1

50,448
60.5
48,820
58.6
1,628
3.2

50,726
60.8
49,150
58.9
1,576
3.1

50,237
60.2
48,567
58.2
1,670
3.3

50,246
60.2
48,616
58.2
1,630
3.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

7,969
62.7
6,839
53.8
1,129
14.2
13.8
14.6

6,924
54.5
6,170
48.6
753
10.9
10.6
11.2

8,150
64.2
7,178
56.5
972
11.9
13.1
10.6

6,947
54.7
6,113
48.1
834
12.0
12.0
12.0

7,099
55.8
6,211
48.8
888
12.5
14.4
10.4

7,102
55.8
6,270
49.3
832
11.7
11.3
12.1

7,214
56.7
6,379
50.2
835
11.6
13.0
10.0

6,978
54.9
6,237
49.1
740
10.6
10.7
10.5

7,130
56.1
6,458
50.8
672
9.4
11.2
7.4

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

24,833
16,462
66.3
15,156
61.0
1,306
7.9

25,161
16,549
65.8
15,268
60.7
1,281
7.7

25,191
16,725
66.4
15,367
61.0
1,358
8.1

24,833
16,308
65.7
15,069
60.7
1,239
7.6

25,076
16,785
66.9
15,471
61.7
1,314
7.8

25,105
16,572
66.0
15,356
61.2
1,216
7.3

25,135
16,636
66.2
15,444
61.4
1,191
7.2

25,161
16,596
66.0
15,261
60.7
1,335
8.0

25,191
16,577
65.8
15,275
60.6
1,302
7.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

7,188
72.5
6,766
68.2
422
5.9

7,288
72.3
6,783
67.3
505
6.9

7,299
72.3
6,835
67.7
464
6.4

7,153
72.1
6,698
67.6
455
6.4

7,441
74.2
6,910
68.9
532
7.1

7,300
72.6
6,830
68.0
469
6.4

7,351
73.0
6,864
68.2
487
6.6

7,261
72.0
6,736
66.8
524
7.2

7,263
72.0
6,761
67.0
502
6.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

8,183
65.8
7,632
61.4
550
6.7

8,350
66.2
7,786
61.7
564
6.8

8,305
65.8
7,753
61.4
551
6.6

8,219
66.1
7,667
61.6
552
6.7

8,344
66.4
7,805
62.1
539
6.5

8,314
66.1
7,808
62.1
506
6.1

8,291
65.8
7,807
62.0
484
5.8

8,384
66.5
7,801
61.9
583
7.0

8,347
66.1
7,792
61.7
554
6.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

1,091
44.0
758
30.5
334
30.6
34.7
26.7

912
36.9
699
28.3
213
23.4
24.7
22.1

1,121
45.4
779
31.6
342
30.5
36.6
23.8

936
37.7
704
28.4
232
24.8
28.8
21.2

999
40.4
756
30.6
243
24.3
22.3
26.6

958
38.7
718
29.0
240
25.1
21.3
28.9

993
40.2
773
31.3
220
22.2
22.0
22.4

951
38.5
724
29.3
227
23.9
27.7
20.2

967
39.2
722
29.2
245
25.4
32.0
18.2

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

21,618
14,710
68.0
13,750
63.6
960
6.5

22,292
15,275
68.5
14,475
64.9
800
5.2

22,355
15,422
69.0
14,562
65.1
860
5.6

21,618
14,624
67.6
13,655
63.2
969
6.6

22,108
15,249
69.0
14,382
65.1
868
5.7

22,166
15,313
69.1
14,355
64.8
958
6.3

22,231
15,355
69.1
14,524
65.3
831
5.4

22,292
15,322
68.7
14,432
64.7
890
5.8

22,355
15,325
68.6
14,461
64.7
864
5.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Educational attainment
June
1999

May
2000

June
2000

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

28,515
12,261
43.0
11,496
40.3
765
6.2

28,096
11,966
42.6
11,225
40.0
740
6.2

28,227
12,193
43.2
11,475
40.7
718
5.9

28,515
12,081
42.4
11,265
39.5
816
6.8

27,376
11,971
43.7
11,257
41.1
714
6.0

27,523
11,726
42.6
10,918
39.7
808
6.9

28,069
11,945
42.6
11,218
40.0
727
6.1

28,096
11,815
42.1
10,984
39.1
832
7.0

28,227
12,004
42.5
11,239
39.8
765
6.4

57,963
37,384
64.5
36,033
62.2
1,351
3.6

57,746
37,406
64.8
36,218
62.7
1,188
3.2

57,581
36,924
64.1
35,731
62.1
1,193
3.2

57,963
37,382
64.5
35,962
62.0
1,420
3.8

57,471
37,603
65.4
36,294
63.2
1,309
3.5

58,033
37,671
64.9
36,401
62.7
1,270
3.4

58,015
37,666
64.9
36,401
62.7
1,265
3.4

57,746
37,224
64.5
35,895
62.2
1,329
3.6

57,581
36,910
64.1
35,659
61.9
1,251
3.4

42,780
31,669
74.0
30,913
72.3
756
2.4

44,153
32,760
74.2
31,970
72.4
790
2.4

44,250
32,796
74.1
31,907
72.1
889
2.7

42,780
31,955
74.7
31,140
72.8
815
2.6

44,486
32,544
73.2
31,595
71.0
949
2.9

44,225
32,967
74.5
32,090
72.6
878
2.7

43,896
32,684
74.5
31,843
72.5
841
2.6

44,153
33,065
74.9
32,228
73.0
838
2.5

44,250
33,094
74.8
32,132
72.6
962
2.9

44,464
35,527
79.9
34,777
78.2
750
2.1

45,029
36,005
80.0
35,469
78.8
536
1.5

45,092
35,750
79.3
35,154
78.0
596
1.7

44,464
35,757
80.4
35,059
78.8
698
2.0

45,247
36,265
80.1
35,678
78.9
587
1.6

44,838
36,060
80.4
35,481
79.1
579
1.6

44,864
36,099
80.5
35,545
79.2
553
1.5

45,029
36,011
80.0
35,433
78.7
577
1.6

45,092
35,988
79.8
35,437
78.6
551
1.5

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
1
and
2
3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
seasonally adjusted columns.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category

June
1999

May
2000

June
2000

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,395 134,961 136,192 133,398 135,362 135,159 135,706 134,715 135,179
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,205 43,043 43,270 43,279 43,535 43,297 43,272 43,216 43,357
Married women, spouse present................... 33,396 33,820 33,452 33,758 33,882 33,780 33,877 33,786 33,824
Women who maintain families.....................
8,023
8,343
8,272
8,028
8,220
8,082
8,307
8,301
8,280
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty...........
Technical, sales, and administrative support....
Service occupations.............................
Precision production, craft, and repair.........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............
Farming, forestry, and fishing..................

40,602
38,767
18,290
14,422
18,383
3,931

40,833
39,458
18,199
14,941
17,885
3,645

40,956
39,270
18,379
15,141
18,633
3,812

40,802
38,777
18,007
14,175
18,177
3,477

40,806
39,703
18,344
14,681
18,279
3,630

40,595
39,510
18,711
14,520
18,334
3,562

40,665
39,680
18,885
14,501
18,453
3,477

40,858
39,537
18,181
14,867
18,020
3,410

41,148
39,270
18,090
14,888
18,430
3,368

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.......................
2,207
2,142
2,358
1,923
2,025
2,043
2,054
2,006
2,059
Self-employed workers.........................
1,443
1,310
1,271
1,341
1,344
1,292
1,272
1,252
1,175
Unpaid family workers.........................
41
37
54
39
51
42
43
38
50
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 121,653 122,644 123,655 121,006 123,166 123,169 123,623 122,860 123,002
Government.................................. 18,862 19,130 18,645 19,007 19,394 19,598 19,280 19,169 18,777
Private industries.......................... 102,791 103,514 105,010 101,999 103,772 103,571 104,343 103,691 104,225
Private households........................
1,006
938
981
983
1,016
998
1,019
953
957
Other industries.......................... 101,786 102,576 104,029 101,016 102,756 102,573 103,324 102,738 103,268
Self-employed workers.........................
8,955
8,740
8,778
8,840
8,793
8,704
8,750
8,714
8,665
Unpaid family workers.........................
96
87
78
88
74
107
103
82
71
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

3,641
2,082
1,158
17,266

3,140
1,846
986
18,851

3,369
1,853
1,128
16,880

3,377
2,048
1,045
18,716

3,139
1,807
1,023
19,031

3,124
1,820
953
18,770

3,124
1,844
1,016
18,474

3,248
1,962
978
18,409

3,117
1,811
1,022
18,308

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

3,462
1,940
1,141
16,629

3,003
1,743
965
18,281

3,207
1,757
1,095
16,288

3,209
1,902
1,031
18,106

2,985
1,705
1,005
18,406

3,003
1,766
922
18,184

3,021
1,782
989
17,943

3,096
1,840
962
17,853

2,967
1,713
994
17,743

NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Category
June
1999

May
2000

June
2000

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

Total, 16 years and over.........................
Men, 20 years and over.........................
Women, 20 years and over.......................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................

5,934
2,471
2,341
1,122

5,774
2,373
2,367
1,034

5,583
2,284
2,318
981

4.3
3.5
3.8
13.6

4.1
3.4
3.5
14.1

4.1
3.3
3.6
13.3

3.9
3.2
3.5
12.7

4.1
3.4
3.8
12.5

4.0
3.2
3.8
11.6

Married men, spouse present....................
Married women, spouse present..................
Women who maintain families....................

992
923
561

825
1,014
576

829
911
537

2.2
2.7
6.5

2.1
2.6
6.1

2.0
2.7
6.8

1.8
2.6
6.3

1.9
2.9
6.5

1.9
2.6
6.1

Full-time workers..............................
Part-time workers..............................

4,641
1,284

4,592
1,258

4,420
1,162

4.0
5.3

3.9
4.9

3.8
5.1

3.8
4.6

3.9
5.3

3.8
4.8

828
1,442
694
1,185
266

738
1,528
519
1,213
198

681
1,487
541
1,204
178

2.0
3.6
4.7
6.1
7.1

1.6
3.7
4.2
6.1
5.7

1.8
3.5
3.8
6.4
5.1

1.7
3.3
3.5
6.6
7.0

1.8
3.7
3.4
6.3
5.5

1.6
3.6
3.5
6.1
5.0

4,668
1,313
27
530
756
439
317
3,355
225
1,434
193
1,503
444
198

4,534
1,203
23
431
749
455
293
3,331
250
1,403
201
1,477
393
166

4,365
1,177
18
470
688
442
247
3,188
214
1,421
189
1,363
486
162

4.4
4.7
4.8
7.3
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.3
2.9
5.3
2.4
4.2
2.3
9.3

4.2
4.4
4.0
7.5
3.3
3.0
3.8
4.1
3.2
5.3
2.9
3.7
2.2
6.5

4.3
4.6
2.5
6.9
3.9
3.0
5.2
4.2
3.1
5.4
2.4
4.0
1.7
5.6

4.0
4.3
2.8
5.2
4.0
3.9
4.1
3.9
2.9
4.9
2.6
3.7
1.7
8.4

4.2
4.2
4.2
5.8
3.7
3.6
3.7
4.2
3.2
5.1
2.4
4.1
2.0
7.6

4.0
4.1
3.5
5.9
3.4
3.5
3.1
4.0
2.7
5.2
2.3
3.8
2.5
7.3

CHARACTERISTIC

OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty..........
Technical, sales, and administrative support...
Precision production, craft, and repair........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries...................
Mining.....................................
Construction...............................
Manufacturing..............................
Durable goods............................
Nondurable goods.........................
Service-producing industries.................
Transportation and public utilities........
Wholesale and retail trade.................
Finance, insurance, and real estate........
Services...................................
Government workers.............................
Agricultural wage and salary workers...........
1 Unemployment as a percent of the
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment
is small relative to the trend-cycle
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000,

civilian labor force.
data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Duration
June
1999

May
2000

June
2000

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

Less than 5 weeks................................
5 to 14 weeks....................................
15 weeks and over................................
15 to 26 weeks................................
27 weeks and over.............................

3,136
1,552
1,583
802
782

2,516
1,563
1,356
731
625

3,194
1,541
1,204
593
611

2,540
1,775
1,634
806
828

2,603
1,864
1,277
673
604

2,824
1,719
1,295
657
637

2,455
1,868
1,250
670
580

2,531
1,953
1,337
677
660

2,595
1,759
1,242
593
649

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................
Median duration, in weeks........................

13.1
4.5

12.8
5.7

11.3
4.2

14.3
6.3

12.5
6.1

12.8
6.0

12.4
6.0

12.6
5.8

12.4
5.8

100.0
50.0
24.7
25.2
12.8
12.5

100.0
46.3
28.8
25.0
13.5
11.5

100.0
53.8
25.9
20.3
10.0
10.3

100.0
42.7
29.8
27.5
13.5
13.9

100.0
45.3
32.5
22.2
11.7
10.5

100.0
48.4
29.4
22.2
11.3
10.9

100.0
44.1
33.5
22.4
12.0
10.4

100.0
43.5
33.5
23.0
11.6
11.3

100.0
46.4
31.4
22.2
10.6
11.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................
Less than 5 weeks..............................
5 to 14 weeks..................................
15 weeks and over..............................
15 to 26 weeks...............................
27 weeks and over............................
NOTE:

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason
June
1999

May
2000

June
2000

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

2,495
746
1,750
1,253
497
820
2,293
663

2,182
646
1,536
1,060
476
694
2,108
451

2,291
817
1,474
1,059
415
667
2,336
646

2,670
876
1,794
(1)
(1)
831
2,038
359

2,616
838
1,778
(1)
(1)
759
1,975
387

2,541
781
1,759
(1)
(1)
824
1,979
434

2,306
703
1,602
(1)
(1)
833
1,961
408

2,483
894
1,589
(1)
(1)
774
2,093
500

2,450
959
1,491
(1)
(1)
671
2,076
343

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

39.8
11.9
27.9
13.1
36.6
10.6

40.2
11.9
28.3
12.8
38.8
8.3

38.6
13.8
24.8
11.2
39.3
10.9

45.3
14.9
30.4
14.1
34.6
6.1

45.6
14.6
31.0
13.2
34.4
6.7

44.0
13.5
30.5
14.3
34.3
7.5

41.9
12.8
29.1
15.1
35.6
7.4

42.4
15.3
27.2
13.2
35.8
8.5

44.2
17.3
26.9
12.1
37.5
6.2

1.8
.6
1.6
.5

1.6
.5
1.5
.3

1.6
.5
1.6
.5

1.9
.6
1.5
.3

1.9
.5
1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.6
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.5
.4

1.7
.5
1.5
.2

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff.............................
Not on temporary layoff.........................
Permanent job losers..........................
Persons who completed temporary jobs..........
Job leavers.......................................
Reentrants........................................
New entrants......................................
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed..................................
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff............................
Not on temporary layoff........................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................

1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)

Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Measure

June
1999

May
2000

June
2000

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................

1.1

1.0

.8

1.2

.9

.9

.9

1.0

.9

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force...................

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)......................

4.5

3.9

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.1

3.9

4.1

4.0

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....

4.6

4.1

4.4

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................

5.3

4.6

4.9

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers.............................

7.9

6.8

7.3

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Age and sex

June
1999

May
2000

June
2000

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

Total, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years..................................
16 to 19 years................................
16 to 17 years..............................
18 to 19 years..............................
20 to 24 years................................
25 years and over...............................
25 to 54 years................................
55 years and over.............................

5,934
2,172
1,122
534
587
1,050
3,753
3,231
534

5,774
2,198
1,034
521
525
1,164
3,556
3,132
440

5,583
2,048
981
439
543
1,067
3,515
3,118
418

4.3
9.8
13.6
16.3
11.8
7.6
3.2
3.3
3.0

4.1
10.0
14.1
15.9
12.8
7.5
3.0
3.0
3.0

4.1
9.7
13.3
15.3
12.1
7.6
3.0
3.0
2.7

3.9
9.3
12.7
14.6
11.4
7.2
2.9
3.0
2.4

4.1
9.8
12.5
16.0
10.4
8.2
3.0
3.1
2.4

4.0
9.0
11.6
13.1
10.6
7.5
3.0
3.1
2.3

Men, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

3,084
1,212
613
291
330
599
1,865
1,597
270

2,934
1,179
562
286
283
617
1,744
1,506
256

2,903
1,128
619
274
354
509
1,772
1,549
220

4.1
10.5
14.3
16.8
12.7
8.3
3.0
3.0
2.7

4.1
10.3
15.5
17.3
13.9
7.3
2.9
2.9
2.8

3.8
9.2
12.4
15.1
10.5
7.4
2.8
2.8
2.8

3.8
9.6
13.6
15.8
12.4
7.3
2.7
2.7
2.7

3.9
10.0
13.1
16.9
10.8
8.3
2.8
2.8
2.6

3.9
9.5
14.1
15.6
13.3
6.8
2.8
2.9
2.2

Women, 16 years and over........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

2,850
960
509
243
257
451
1,888
1,634
264

2,839
1,019
472
235
241
546
1,811
1,625
184

2,680
919
362
165
190
558
1,742
1,568
198

4.4
9.1
13.0
15.7
10.9
6.8
3.5
3.5
3.3

4.1
9.6
12.6
14.3
11.6
7.8
3.0
3.0
3.3

4.3
10.2
14.4
15.4
13.7
7.7
3.2
3.3
2.7

4.0
8.9
11.6
13.3
10.4
7.2
3.0
3.2
2.0

4.3
9.5
11.8
15.0
9.9
8.2
3.3
3.5
2.3

4.1
8.5
8.9
10.4
7.8
8.2
3.2
3.4
2.4

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Total

Men

Women

Category
June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

June
1999

June
2000

66,966
5,204
1,228

67,411
4,641
1,141

24,197
2,262
594

24,450
1,922
602

42,769
2,942
634

42,961
2,720
539

220
1,008

308
833

133
461

201
401

87
547

108
432

Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................
Percent of total employed.....................................

7,492
5.6

7,296
5.4

4,071
5.6

3,869
5.3

3,421
5.5

3,426
5.4

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................

3,992
1,463
248
1,728

4,080
1,568
338
1,269

2,361
484
170
1,019

2,433
504
202
713

1,631
979
78
709

1,647
1,064
136
555

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force......................................
Persons who currently want a job................................
Searched for work and available to work now(1)...............
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................
Reasons other than discouragement(3)....................
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000p

June
2000p

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000p

June
2000p

Total1........................ 129,767 131,258 132,260 132,860 128,630 130,482 131,009 131,419 131,590 131,601
Total private.................... 109,573 110,211 110,852 111,949 108,507 110,088 110,462 110,752 110,587 110,793
Goods-producing.........................

25,774

25,491

25,729

26,057

25,432

25,624

25,738

25,725

25,687

25,700

Mining................................
Metal mining........................
Coal mining.........................
Oil and gas extraction..............
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..

534
45.8
85.5
286.4
116.3

532
44.0
79.8
297.5
110.4

537
44.4
79.4
300.1
112.8

545
45.4
79.8
305.4
114.1

529
45
85
287
112

533
45
81
296
111

536
45
80
300
111

539
45
80
303
111

537
44
79
304
110

539
45
79
305
110

Construction..........................
6,632
6,532
6,738
6,929
General building contractors........ 1,493.3 1,461.8 1,493.1 1,542.2
Heavy construction, except building.
926.1
872.4
926.3
948.7
Special trade contractors........... 4,212.5 4,198.0 4,318.3 4,438.1

6,388
1,447
866
4,075

6,618
1,491
885
4,242

6,726
1,508
905
4,313

6,694
1,497
899
4,298

6,670
1,496
891
4,283

6,673
1,494
884
4,295

Manufacturing.........................
Production workers................

18,608
12,779

18,427
12,646

18,454
12,667

18,583
12,753

18,515
12,711

18,473
12,697

18,476
12,683

18,492
12,689

18,480
12,683

18,488
12,681

Durable goods........................
Production workers................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Computer and office equipment.....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Electronic components and
accessories....................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Aircraft and parts................
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

11,148
7,627
835.7
548.7
572.8
700.8

11,091
7,585
819.6
556.6
565.9
698.7

11,110
7,600
824.6
558.3
572.0
698.5

11,188
7,643
834.2
559.4
580.9
703.3

11,083
7,572
827
547
562
698

11,088
7,592
832
553
567
699

11,094
7,580
830
555
568
701

11,104
7,584
830
557
567
699

11,107
7,586
828
558
567
699

11,121
7,590
826
558
570
700

227.2
226.6
226.5
228.3
1,521.5 1,531.9 1,534.9 1,545.6
2,151.0 2,128.5 2,128.3 2,140.9
374.7
361.1
360.0
363.3

(2)
1,515
2,139
373

(2)
1,525
2,131
368

(2)
1,528
2,124
366

(2)
1,534
2,126
364

(2)
1,536
2,125
360

(2)
1,539
2,129
360

1,672.4 1,687.9 1,690.1 1,707.8

1,667

1,684

1,682

1,691

1,693

1,699

637.7
650.2
653.6
666.0
1,889.7 1,862.5 1,863.9 1,870.6
1,026.2 1,026.9 1,027.8 1,036.2
495.1
460.6
461.0
459.0
858.9
843.1
844.1
849.7
396.7
396.3
395.3
395.8

634
1,878
1,018
496
856
394

645
1,855
1,029
453
844
398

646
1,865
1,028
467
844
397

651
1,859
1,026
461
844
397

654
1,861
1,024
463
845
395

661
1,860
1,028
459
847
393

7,460
5,152
1,669.4
35.6
562.9
700.3
672.4
1,554.0
1,039.3
135.9
1,010.9
79.3

7,432
5,139
1,674
39
560
693
668
1,551
1,033
133
1,003
78

7,385
5,105
1,672
37
549
665
663
1,550
1,031
132
1,010
76

7,382
5,103
1,671
35
549
665
662
1,551
1,031
132
1,010
76

7,388
5,105
1,678
37
548
665
662
1,554
1,030
132
1,007
75

7,373
5,097
1,676
37
545
660
661
1,552
1,027
132
1,008
75

7,367
5,091
1,681
38
543
651
660
1,558
1,025
131
1,006
74

Nondurable goods.....................
Production workers................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

7,336
5,061
1,637.8
34.7
547.5
664.2
659.0
1,550.7
1,028.1
130.7
1,008.7
75.0

7,344
5,067
1,648.7
34.2
545.6
662.3
659.8
1,549.9
1,028.0
132.7
1,007.8
75.3

7,395
5,110
1,677.3
34.3
546.9
657.7
664.6
1,562.2
1,030.6
133.6
1,012.1
75.3

Service-producing1...................... 103,993 105,767 106,531 106,803 103,198 104,858 105,271 105,694 105,903 105,901
Transportation and public utilities...
6,851
6,936
6,972
7,019
Transportation......................
4,430
4,482
4,507
4,536
Railroad transportation...........
233.5
220.9
220.2
220.4
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................
484.4
513.0
516.1
496.1
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,819.8 1,812.7 1,825.5 1,852.5
Water transportation..............
193.4
197.3
202.0
207.7
Transportation by air............. 1,220.3 1,257.4 1,261.6 1,274.0
Pipelines, except natural gas.....
13.0
12.4
12.4
12.6
Transportation services...........
465.2
467.8
468.9
472.2
Communications and public utilities.
2,421
2,454
2,465
2,483
Communications.................... 1,549.0 1,600.6 1,608.7 1,619.3
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services.......................
872.1
853.6
855.9
863.6

6,817
4,408
232

6,937
4,479
225

6,953
4,492
222

6,970
4,509
221

6,961
4,498
219

6,979
4,507
217

485
1,803
187
1,224
13
464
2,409
1,544

494
1,828
196
1,259
12
465
2,458
1,598

494
1,833
197
1,268
12
466
2,461
1,602

498
1,839
200
1,270
12
469
2,461
1,604

498
1,832
200
1,269
12
468
2,463
1,607

496
1,834
201
1,276
12
471
2,472
1,615

865

860

859

857

856

857

6,941
4,120
2,821
23,032

7,034
4,189
2,845
22,940

7,053
4,198
2,855
23,124

7,076
4,212
2,864
23,367

6,905
4,102
2,803
22,810

7,011
4,177
2,834
22,978

7,033
4,185
2,848
23,027

7,055
4,201
2,854
23,197

7,047
4,200
2,847
23,081

7,031
4,188
2,843
23,130

1,034.6
2,715.1
2,385.8
3,508.9

1,047.4
2,698.0
2,359.9
3,480.1

1,067.0
2,682.1
2,341.0
3,496.9

1,066.1
2,695.1
2,349.8
3,529.2

985
2,777
2,439
3,494

1,020
2,762
2,417
3,503

1,034
2,756
2,409
3,502

1,032
2,791
2,443
3,522

1,022
2,762
2,406
3,515

1,013
2,757
2,401
3,515

2,387.0 2,403.5 2,414.7 2,436.0
1,081.9 1,104.6 1,107.1 1,114.6
1,161.9 1,162.9 1,165.4 1,185.5

2,365
1,078
1,172

2,394
1,100
1,184

2,407
1,105
1,188

2,410
1,106
1,195

2,408
1,107
1,194

2,413
1,110
1,198

1,076.0 1,101.4 1,102.4 1,109.0
8,224.0 8,077.3 8,193.3 8,340.5
2,924.0 2,969.3 3,002.1 3,005.8

1,085
7,965
2,967

1,102
7,992
3,021

1,111
8,000
3,029

1,113
8,097
3,037

1,114
8,031
3,035

1,120
8,066
3,048

Finance, insurance, and real estate...
7,642
7,579
7,597
7,669
Finance.............................
3,711
3,699
3,696
3,726
Depository institutions........... 2,071.4 2,045.1 2,039.5 2,056.0
Commercial banks................ 1,484.0 1,457.9 1,453.2 1,464.2
Savings institutions............
253.2
242.7
242.1
243.4
Nondepository institutions........
720.8
686.1
684.0
682.2
Mortgage bankers and brokers....
368.0
325.0
323.2
319.7
Security and commodity brokers....
687.4
727.5
733.0
747.0
Holding and other investment
offices........................
231.2
240.6
239.8
240.9
Insurance...........................
2,381
2,359
2,360
2,370
Insurance carriers................ 1,618.9 1,592.2 1,592.5 1,598.6
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................
762.3
766.8
767.1
771.0
Real estate.........................
1,550
1,521
1,541
1,573

7,573
3,693
2,060
1,476
251
718
365
684

7,624
3,717
2,057
1,469
245
699
338
723

7,621
3,713
2,054
1,466
243
692
330
728

7,610
3,709
2,052
1,464
243
686
323
732

7,599
3,702
2,044
1,457
243
683
321
736

7,593
3,707
2,045
1,457
242
679
318
743

231
2,373
1,613

238
2,373
1,606

239
2,373
1,605

239
2,365
1,597

239
2,361
1,594

240
2,360
1,593

760
1,507

767
1,534

768
1,535

768
1,536

767
1,536

767
1,526

38,970
761
1,845
1,228
9,242
982
3,585
3,216

39,914
796
1,868
1,265
9,615
1,000
3,773
3,382

40,090
812
1,885
1,265
9,681
1,004
3,817
3,418

40,195
801
1,902
1,272
9,735
1,001
3,885
3,485

40,212
798
1,905
1,261
9,715
998
3,855
3,440

40,360
798
1,920
1,270
9,769
1,002
3,878
3,450

Wholesale trade.......................
Durable goods.......................
Nondurable goods....................
Retail trade..........................
Building materials and garden
supplies.........................
General merchandise stores..........
Department stores.................
Food stores.........................
Automotive dealers and service
stations.........................
New and used car dealers..........
Apparel and accessory stores........
Furniture and home furnishings
stores...........................
Eating and drinking places..........
Miscellaneous retail establishments.

Services3.............................
Agricultural services...............
Hotels and other lodging places.....
Personal services...................
Business services...................
Services to buildings.............
Personnel supply services.........
Help supply services............

39,333
845.8
1,945.7
1,198.2
9,280.3
991.9
3,596.9
3,226.9

40,231
810.7
1,851.9
1,337.7
9,638.3
998.8
3,787.1
3,381.7

40,377
858.1
1,917.3
1,244.0
9,683.9
1,003.1
3,820.8
3,412.4

40,761
887.0
2,031.4
1,240.8
9,810.0
1,015.0
3,900.0
3,484.5

Computer and data processing
services.......................
Auto repair, services, and parking..
Miscellaneous repair services.......
Motion pictures.....................
Amusement and recreation services...
Health services.....................
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................
Nursing and personal care
facilities.....................
Hospitals.........................
Home health care services.........
Legal services......................
Educational services................
Social services.....................
Child day care services...........
Residential care..................
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens...........................
Membership organizations............
Engineering and management services.
Engineering and architectural
services.......................
Management and public relations...
Services, nec.......................
Government1...........................
Federal1............................
Federal, except Postal Service1...
State...............................
Education.........................
Other State government............
Local...............................
Education.........................
Other local government............

1,833.5
1,192.7
378.9
622.1
1,899.3
10007.2

1,942.6
1,201.2
386.8
645.9
2,034.2
10148.7

1,831
1,185
375
614
1,649
9,983

1,906
1,195
384
623
1,723
10,078

1,915
1,192
384
630
1,729
10,091

1,927
1,195
383
634
1,752
10,093

1,930
1,192
382
633
1,754
10,101

1,938
1,191
384
643
1,773
10,116

1,880.3 1,919.6 1,925.8 1,936.0

1,875

1,914

1,920

1,925

1,929

1,930

1,787.2
3,989.7
636.4
1,011.8
2,076.0
2,791.6
679.3
776.8

1,791.6
4,017.0
643.2
1,028.3
2,142.8
2,937.2
741.6
825.3

1,785
3,983
635
997
2,278
2,799
693
772

1,790
4,002
639
1,007
2,309
2,912
740
807

1,791
4,004
639
1,007
2,329
2,929
749
810

1,789
3,999
641
1,004
2,329
2,940
753
812

1,787
4,004
639
1,005
2,353
2,944
757
815

1,786
4,009
640
1,009
2,351
2,938
757
819

104.8
99.9
104.0
109.3
2,465.3 2,427.6 2,436.3 2,479.5
3,269.0 3,383.8 3,379.8 3,432.7

98
2,427
3,246

100
2,439
3,354

101
2,440
3,369

102
2,439
3,368

100
2,438
3,385

102
2,441
3,410

964.6
981.5
991.6 1,020.0
1,040.0 1,086.6 1,096.1 1,111.9
51.9
53.4
53.7
53.5

951
1,032
(2)

984
1,077
(2)

985
1,085
(2)

987
1,088
(2)

994
1,094
(2)

1,007
1,105
(2)

20,123
2,662
1,788
4,673
1,950
2,723
12,788
7,257
5,531

20,394
2,700
1,835
4,728
1,981
2,747
12,966
7,355
5,611

20,547
2,816
1,951
4,733
1,982
2,751
12,998
7,373
5,625

20,667
2,885
2,022
4,744
1,990
2,754
13,038
7,408
5,630

21,003
3,235
2,371
4,737
1,984
2,753
13,031
7,393
5,638

20,808
3,038
2,175
4,726
1,972
2,754
13,044
7,411
5,633

20,194
2,682
1,815.1
4,529
1,769.7
2,759.0
12,983
7,282.8
5,699.8

1,923.6
1,194.0
382.2
627.6
1,722.3
10080.2

1,783.6
3,994.4
640.2
997.9
2,475.8
2,955.9
772.8
810.6

21,047
2,881
2,023.2
4,874
2,132.7
2,741.3
13,292
7,754.6
5,537.5

1,927.8
1,193.3
383.8
633.3
1,845.9
10091.5

1,783.2
3,997.1
641.2
999.7
2,388.7
2,972.1
782.5
814.3

21,408
3,240
2,382.5
4,793
2,040.1
2,753.1
13,375
7,766.0
5,609.1

20,911
3,067
2,207.5
4,577
1,789.8
2,787.4
13,267
7,432.9
5,834.0

1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, and 428,000 in January, February, March,
April, May, and June 2000, respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal
revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000p

June
2000p

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000p

June
2000p

Total private....................

34.6

34.6

34.3

34.6

34.5

34.6

34.5

34.6

34.4

34.5

Goods-producing.........................

41.3

41.1

41.0

41.1

41.1

41.3

41.2

41.5

40.9

40.8

Mining................................

44.2

44.9

44.5

45.0

43.9

44.7

44.7

45.3

44.2

44.6

Construction..........................

39.8

39.2

39.6

39.6

39.3

39.7

39.8

39.6

39.2

38.7

Manufacturing.........................
Overtime hours....................

41.8
4.7

41.7
4.6

41.4
4.5

41.6
4.6

41.8
4.7

41.8
4.7

41.7
4.6

42.2
4.9

41.4
4.5

41.6
4.6

Durable goods........................
Overtime hours....................

42.4
4.8

42.4
4.8

42.1
4.7

42.3
4.9

42.3
4.8

42.3
4.9

42.3
4.8

42.8
5.1

42.0
4.7

42.2
4.8

Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

41.6
40.3
44.0
44.5

41.1
39.9
43.2
44.5

40.9
39.8
43.5
44.1

41.1
39.9
43.4
44.2

41.2
40.4
43.5
44.3

41.0
40.3
43.5
44.5

40.9
40.2
43.4
44.4

41.2
40.6
43.6
44.9

40.7
40.3
43.0
43.9

40.8
39.9
42.8
44.0

45.2
42.4
42.1

45.2
42.4
42.5

44.9
42.2
42.2

45.2
42.4
42.4

44.9
42.2
42.1

45.4
42.4
42.3

45.2
42.5
42.3

45.0
43.0
42.9

44.7
42.2
42.1

45.2
42.3
42.4

41.5
44.0
45.3
41.5
39.9

41.6
44.1
45.5
41.3
39.4

41.2
43.5
44.8
41.0
39.2

41.6
43.9
45.3
41.1
39.6

41.5
44.1
45.3
41.5
39.9

41.6
44.0
45.0
41.2
39.5

41.8
43.7
44.6
41.2
39.4

42.2
44.3
45.5
41.6
39.8

41.4
43.2
44.2
41.2
39.3

41.5
43.9
45.3
41.2
39.5

Nondurable goods.....................
Overtime hours....................

41.0
4.4

40.8
4.2

40.5
4.1

40.7
4.3

41.0
4.5

41.0
4.5

40.9
4.3

41.3
4.6

40.6
4.3

40.6
4.3

Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

41.7
40.1
41.1
38.1
43.5
37.9
43.0
43.0
42.0
38.5

41.0
39.7
41.7
37.7
43.1
38.2
42.6
44.4
41.7
38.4

41.0
39.8
41.0
37.1
42.6
37.7
42.5
43.1
41.4
38.3

41.4
39.7
41.3
37.5
42.6
37.7
42.6
43.9
41.5
38.3

41.8
39.3
40.7
37.6
43.6
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.8
37.9

41.6
40.6
41.7
37.7
43.5
38.3
42.7
(2)
41.6
38.1

41.6
40.0
41.6
37.8
43.2
38.2
42.6
(2)
41.5
38.0

41.9
40.8
41.9
38.0
43.6
38.5
42.9
(2)
42.1
38.9

41.2
39.6
41.0
37.0
42.8
38.0
42.7
(2)
41.3
38.2

41.5
39.0
41.0
37.1
42.6
38.1
42.6
(2)
41.3
37.7

Service-producing.......................

32.9

33.0

32.7

32.9

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.8

32.9

Transportation and public utilities...

39.0

38.8

38.3

38.4

38.9

38.3

38.3

38.7

38.5

38.3

Wholesale trade.......................

38.3

38.9

38.8

38.7

38.3

38.5

38.6

38.6

39.0

38.8

Retail trade..........................

29.4

28.9

28.9

29.3

29.1

29.1

29.0

28.8

28.9

29.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

36.0

36.7

35.9

36.2

36.2

36.1

36.1

36.3

36.2

36.5

Services..............................

32.6

32.8

32.4

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.6

32.7

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry
June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000p

June
2000p

Total private....................
Seasonally adjusted.............

$13.15
13.23

Goods-producing.........................

June
1999

$13.69
13.64

$13.64
13.66

$13.62
13.71

$454.99
456.44

14.85

15.25

15.29

15.35

Mining................................

16.98

17.29

17.18

Construction..........................

17.13

17.66

Manufacturing.........................

13.90

14.28

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

14.40
11.46
11.16
13.91
15.90

Apr.
2000

May
2000p

June
2000p

$473.67
471.94

$467.85
469.90

$471.25
473.00

613.31

626.78

626.89

630.89

17.12

750.52

776.32

764.51

770.40

17.71

17.75

681.77

692.27

701.32

702.90

14.26

14.32

581.02

595.48

590.36

595.71

14.82
11.73
11.64
14.23
16.51

14.80
11.74
11.69
14.26
16.39

14.87
11.83
11.70
14.32
16.54

610.56
476.74
449.75
612.04
707.55

628.37
482.10
464.44
614.74
734.70

623.08
480.17
465.26
620.31
722.80

629.00
486.21
466.83
621.49
731.07

18.99
13.49
14.99

19.72
13.75
15.42

19.44
13.75
15.44

19.61
13.82
15.46

858.35
571.98
631.08

891.34
583.00
655.35

872.86
580.25
651.57

886.37
585.97
655.50

13.42
18.14
18.61
14.13
11.26

13.70
18.82
19.36
14.40
11.58

13.66
18.79
19.34
14.44
11.58

13.68
18.96
19.53
14.43
11.59

556.93
798.16
843.03
586.40
449.27

569.92
829.96
880.88
594.72
456.25

562.79
817.37
866.43
592.04
453.94

569.09
832.34
884.71
593.07
458.96

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

13.14
12.15
20.69
10.76
8.89
15.95
13.74
17.26
21.06
12.30
9.65

13.45
12.36
19.71
10.94
9.05
16.15
14.20
17.77
21.77
12.67
10.13

13.43
12.36
20.19
10.90
9.07
16.14
14.16
17.76
21.27
12.66
10.06

13.48
12.40
20.81
10.92
9.10
16.25
14.16
17.76
21.12
12.76
10.11

538.74
506.66
829.67
442.24
338.71
693.83
520.75
742.18
905.58
516.60
371.53

548.76
506.76
782.49
456.20
341.19
696.07
542.44
757.00
966.59
528.34
388.99

543.92
506.76
803.56
446.90
336.50
687.56
533.83
754.80
916.74
524.12
385.30

548.64
513.36
826.16
451.00
341.25
692.25
533.83
756.58
927.17
529.54
387.21

Service-producing.......................

12.60

13.20

13.12

13.07

414.54

435.60

429.02

430.00

Transportation and public utilities...

15.59

16.15

16.11

16.18

608.01

626.62

617.01

621.31

Wholesale trade.......................

14.45

15.14

15.01

14.99

553.44

588.95

582.39

580.11

Retail trade..........................

9.02

9.42

9.39

9.38

265.19

272.24

271.37

274.83

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

14.51

15.12

15.03

14.94

522.36

554.90

539.58

540.83

Services..............................

13.21

13.83

13.76

13.70

430.65

453.62

445.82

447.99

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Percent
change
from:
May 2000June 2000

Industry

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000p

June
2000p

Total private:
Current dollars..............
Constant (1982) dollars2.....

$13.23
7.88

$13.54
7.87

$13.58
7.84

$13.64
7.87

$13.66
7.88

$13.71
N.A.

0.4
(3)

Goods-producing...............
Mining......................
Construction................
Manufacturing...............
Excluding overtime4.......

14.85
17.07
17.18
13.93
13.19

15.20
17.14
17.60
14.21
13.45

15.25
17.27
17.67
14.23
13.47

15.30
17.26
17.78
14.28
13.49

15.28
17.24
17.75
14.26
13.52

15.33
17.27
17.78
14.34
13.59

.3
.2
.2
.6
.5

Service-producing.............
Transportation and public
utilities................
Wholesale trade.............
Retail trade................
Finance, insurance, and real
estate...................
Services....................

12.71

13.01

13.05

13.11

13.15

13.20

.4

15.67
14.56
9.07

16.00
14.89
9.32

16.04
14.90
9.35

16.12
15.03
9.39

16.20
15.04
9.39

16.29
15.11
9.43

.6
.5
.4

14.62
13.35

14.87
13.66

14.95
13.69

14.98
13.74

15.02
13.79

15.06
13.84

.3
.4

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .1 percent from April 2000 to May 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
June
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000p

June
2000p

June
1999

Feb.
2000

Mar.
2000

Apr.
2000

May
2000p

June
2000p

Total private....................

150.3

151.0

150.8

153.6

148.2

150.6

151.0

151.7

150.8

151.2

Goods-producing.........................

118.2

116.0

117.0

119.1

115.8

117.5

117.7

118.3

116.3

116.2

Mining................................

50.3

50.9

50.8

52.5

49.6

51.0

51.3

52.2

50.7

51.5

Construction..........................

186.8

179.7

188.3

194.2

176.2

186.0

188.4

186.3

183.8

181.4

Manufacturing.........................

107.8

106.4

105.8

107.1

107.1

107.0

106.7

107.9

105.9

106.3

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

112.8
151.0
138.6
119.6
92.1

112.1
145.7
138.9
114.9
92.5

111.5
146.1
139.0
117.3
91.4

112.8
148.8
139.7
118.7
92.3

111.8
147.7
138.4
115.7
91.3

112.1
147.6
139.4
115.7
92.3

111.8
147.1
139.3
116.2
92.4

113.1
147.9
141.4
116.2
93.3

111.2
145.9
140.9
114.9
91.2

111.7
145.6
139.9
114.4
91.4

71.4
120.2
105.4

71.7
121.4
105.5

71.3
121.0
105.0

72.3
122.8
105.5

70.5
119.1
104.7

72.1
120.7
105.4

71.8
121.2
104.6

71.5
123.0
106.2

71.0
121.0
104.3

71.4
121.8
105.0

107.1
128.0
171.4
77.0
103.2

107.8
126.8
172.3
74.3
101.6

107.0
125.1
169.9
73.5
100.4

108.7
126.6
172.7
74.1
101.2

106.9
127.0
169.7
76.7
102.5

107.5
127.0
170.9
74.3
102.2

107.8
125.7
168.6
74.0
101.6

109.6
126.7
171.7
74.7
103.0

107.6
123.6
166.4
73.8
100.6

108.1
125.5
171.2
74.2
100.4

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

100.9
116.6
50.8
81.0
62.4
108.0
120.8
102.8
73.4
148.6
35.1

98.6
112.5
45.6
80.2
58.7
105.0
122.0
101.9
64.3
148.3
32.5

98.0
113.4
44.8
78.6
57.6
103.7
120.4
101.3
63.3
147.3
32.6

99.3
116.8
44.5
79.3
57.6
104.9
121.4
102.0
66.2
148.6
32.6

100.6
117.6
56.5
79.8
60.9
107.6
122.1
102.4
72.3
146.9
33.8

100.0
117.0
52.3
80.2
58.5
106.7
122.0
102.6
66.3
148.3
32.8

99.7
116.9
45.6
80.2
58.8
105.9
121.8
102.4
65.2
147.9
32.7

100.7
118.4
50.5
80.6
59.2
106.7
123.2
102.7
66.6
149.3
32.9

98.8
116.4
49.0
78.5
57.0
104.5
121.7
101.9
64.0
146.8
32.3

98.9
117.5
48.3
78.2
56.1
104.5
122.2
101.5
64.1
147.2
31.9

Service-producing.......................

164.7

166.7

166.0

169.0

162.7

165.5

165.9

166.6

166.3

166.9

Transportation and public utilities...

135.5

136.6

135.8

137.5

134.5

134.7

135.5

137.3

136.4

136.1

Wholesale trade.......................

130.4

133.5

133.8

133.9

129.8

132.1

132.8

133.0

134.4

133.3

Retail trade..........................

146.9

143.5

144.6

148.3

143.7

144.9

144.6

144.9

144.6

145.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

139.6

140.2

137.7

140.4

138.7

138.8

138.7

139.3

138.6

139.8

Services..............................

203.3

209.6

207.8

211.7

201.1

206.7

207.7

208.6

207.8

209.2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

50.4
57.3
63.2
54.1
60.8

64.5
59.7
56.6
58.8
54.1

60.3
62.8
60.5
53.9
60.7

54.8
63.2
58.7
59.6
56.5

62.6
57.7
58.3
52.8
p45.9

61.5
57.7
59.7
57.9
p54.1

57.3
61.2
53.9
58.8

61.0
60.1
58.1
53.8

57.9
61.5
56.2
57.3

62.6
65.3
53.8
60.7

59.3
62.1
59.0
60.8

60.0
61.2
57.4
59.0

Over 3-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

61.1
62.6
64.3
58.3
61.0

62.6
64.0
66.6
57.3
62.6

63.6
66.3
63.2
58.4
61.9

63.1
66.7
66.3
54.4
p57.0

63.3
63.2
63.6
57.3
p54.5

64.9
62.1
58.0
58.8

64.2
61.5
57.4
58.1

61.4
66.2
57.9
60.7

65.2
67.4
59.7
59.6

64.3
69.4
58.1
63.5

65.4
69.0
58.6
64.3

63.3
69.1
59.4
63.1

Over 6-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

62.5
66.3
69.8
60.0
65.6

64.6
67.0
67.4
58.0
p60.8

65.6
66.6
65.2
57.6
p59.7

64.6
66.3
61.8
58.6

64.5
65.6
62.9
54.4

64.5
67.1
61.4
59.7

67.3
66.3
59.0
60.4

65.7
68.5
58.4
62.1

65.2
69.0
57.4
64.0

67.1
70.4
59.7
62.8

66.0
69.7
59.3
65.2

67.4
70.4
59.1
64.6

64.5
69.0
69.7
60.3

66.7
67.3
67.3
58.3

64.5
68.3
67.3
57.6

65.6
69.7
65.9
59.4

68.5
69.5
63.9
59.6

67.3
70.1
62.5
60.5

67.7
70.1
61.5
61.9

66.4
70.4
62.1
61.0

68.0
70.5
61.0
62.6

69.9
70.1
59.8
62.9

68.7
69.4
59.8
p62.6

66.9
70.4
58.1
p62.6

Over 12-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

44.6
49.6
57.9
45.0
52.2

54.7
52.5
50.7
41.0
47.8

48.2
56.1
53.6
42.8
51.1

42.1
54.0
50.7
46.4
51.1

55.4
51.4
47.1
40.3
p45.7

52.2
54.3
50.0
46.4
p48.9

47.8
50.7
37.8
54.7

54.3
53.6
50.0
38.1

50.0
56.5
45.7
46.4

56.1
61.9
39.9
51.8

50.4
60.4
41.7
51.4

53.2
55.4
43.9
50.4

Over 3-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

44.2
50.7
56.8
36.7
47.8

47.8
53.2
56.8
37.1
52.5

44.6
55.8
52.2
37.1
49.3

45.7
56.1
52.2
34.5
p48.9

47.1
53.2
48.6
37.8
p47.5

51.4
52.5
41.4
43.5

50.4
52.5
39.2
39.9

49.6
55.8
40.3
45.0

55.4
59.7
43.2
42.1

53.2
66.5
37.1
50.4

55.0
64.7
36.7
51.1

49.6
64.0
40.6
50.7

Over 6-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

41.7
53.2
60.1
35.6
51.4

45.0
53.2
54.3
33.5
p46.8

46.8
52.5
50.4
33.5
p48.2

46.0
52.9
39.9
37.1

45.3
51.8
43.5
32.7

47.8
53.2
42.1
38.8

53.2
54.7
38.8
41.0

50.4
61.2
36.7
45.7

50.7
61.2
36.0
48.2

53.2
64.4
39.9
43.2

51.8
64.7
34.5
48.6

54.7
63.7
32.7
51.1

43.5
54.7
55.0
37.4

47.5
52.5
51.8
32.4

45.3
54.0
51.8
31.7

45.3
54.0
46.8
35.3

50.4
55.4
40.6
36.0

49.6
56.8
39.9
37.1

50.4
57.2
37.8
38.8

48.6
57.9
38.1
39.6

51.1
58.3
37.1
42.4

55.0
56.8
36.0
42.4

54.3
56.8
34.2
p43.5

50.7
57.2
33.5
p46.0

Over 12-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.