Full text of The Employment Situation : June 1998
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 98-276 Household data: (202) 606-6378 Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until Establishment data: 606-6555 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Media contact: 606-5902 Thursday, July 2, 1998. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JUNE 1998 Nonfarm payroll employment rose in June, and the unemployment rate edged up to 4.5 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Payroll employment grew by 205,000, following 2 months of gains above 300,000. Job gains occurred in construction and in many service-producing industries, while employment in manufacturing fell. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons increased from 5.9 to 6.2 million in June. The unemployment rate was 4.5 percent; it had been 4.3 percent in the prior 2 months. The jobless rate for whites rose by 0.3 percentage point to 4.0 percent. Unemployment rates across most of the other major demographic groups--adult men (3.7 percent), adult women (4.1 percent), teenagers (14.6 percent), blacks (8.2 percent), and Hispanics (7.6 percent)--were not significantly changed from May. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Among the major educational attainment categories, the unemployment rate for high school graduates 25 years and older with no college experience rose by 0.3 percentage point to 4.0 percent. Jobless rates for persons with less than a high school diploma (7.2 percent), some college experience but no bachelor’s degree (2.9 percent), and college graduates (1.7 percent) were essentially unchanged. (See table A-3.) The number of persons unemployed for 15 weeks or more increased slightly to 1.6 million in June, but has fallen by about 350,000 over the last year (after adjustment is made for changes in the composite estimation procedure). (See table A-6.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment was essentially unchanged at 131.2 million in June. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.0 percent, just below the all-time high of 64.2 percent that had prevailed for most of this year. (See table A-1.) About 7.7 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in June. These multiple jobholders comprised 5.8 percent of total employment. (See table A-10.) The civilian labor force was about unchanged in June, at 137.4 million (seasonally adjusted). The labor force participation rate held at 67.0 percent for the third consecutive month. (See table A-1.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in June, down somewhat from a year earlier. These were people who wanted and were available for work and had looked - 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| MayCategory | 1998 1/ | 1998 1/ | June |_________________|__________________________|change | I | II | Apr. | May | June | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 137,524| 137,351| 137,242| 137,364| 137,447| 83 Employment..........| 131,080| 131,349| 131,383| 131,453| 131,209| -244 Unemployment........| 6,444| 6,002| 5,859| 5,910| 6,237| 327 Not in labor force....| 66,871| 67,554| 67,489| 67,535| 67,639| 104 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.7| 4.4| 4.3| 4.3| 4.5| 0.2 Adult men...........| 3.8| 3.6| 3.4| 3.5| 3.7| .2 Adult women.........| 4.3| 4.0| 4.1| 3.9| 4.1| .2 Teenagers...........| 14.6| 14.0| 13.1| 14.2| 14.6| .4 White...............| 4.0| 3.8| 3.6| 3.7| 4.0| .3 Black...............| 9.4| 8.7| 8.9| 9.0| 8.2| -.8 Hispanic origin.....| 6.9| 6.9| 6.5| 6.8| 7.6| .8 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA 2/| Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 124,795|p125,508| 125,234|p125,543|p125,748| p205 Goods-producing 2/..| 25,296| p25,310| 25,339| p25,301| p25,291| p-10 Construction......| 5,881| p5,928| 5,930| p5,917| p5,937| p20 Manufacturing.....| 18,825| p18,803| 18,827| p18,805| p18,776| p-29 Service-producing 2/| 99,500|p100,198| 99,895|p100,242|p100,457| p215 Retail trade......| 22,274| p22,405| 22,335| p22,414| p22,467| p53 Services..........| 37,019| p37,343| 37,196| p37,349| p37,485| p136 Government........| 19,711| p19,794| 19,764| p19,826| p19,793| p-33 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.7| p34.6| 34.5| p34.7| p34.6| p-0.1 Manufacturing.......| 42.0| p41.7| 41.4| p41.8| p41.8| p.0 Overtime..........| 4.8| p4.6| 4.5| p4.6| p4.6| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 144.3| p144.6| 144.0| p144.9| p144.8| p-0.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 3/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $12.59| p$12.72| $12.70| p$12.73| p$12.74| p$0.01 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 436.75| p440.23| 438.15| p441.73| p440.80| p-.93 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Beginning in January 1998, household data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls. 2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-10.) The number of discouraged workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them--totaled 311,000 in June. Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 205,000 in June, after seasonal adjustment. Employment gains were widespread across the private sector, but were partially offset by job losses in manufacturing and government. (See table B-1.) The services industry added 136,000 jobs in June. This followed a gain of 153,000 in May and a series of much smaller increases from February through April. Business services accounted for nearly half of June’s increase, with help supply services and computer services adding 32,000 and 21,000 jobs, respectively. Engineering and management services gained 25,000 jobs, health services, 23,000, and social services, 13,000, each continuing its long-term growth trend. Employment in retail trade grew by 53,000 in June, the industry's third consecutive large monthly increase. Employment growth was led by eating and drinking places (21,000), furniture and home furnishings stores (8,000), miscellaneous retail establishments (7,000), and automotive dealers and service stations (6,000). Wholesale trade employment increased by 15,000, about in line with the average for the prior 12 months. Finance, insurance, and real estate continued its steady growth pattern, adding 30,000 jobs over the month. The gains were widespread, with the largest occurring in security and commodity brokerages, nondepository institutions, and insurance carriers. Real estate employment also rose, after showing little change in May. Transportation and public utilities added 14,000 jobs in June, following a similar gain in May. Employment in trucking and warehousing increased by 11,000, and communications added 8,000 jobs. Construction employment grew by 20,000 in June, following a decline in May. Employment changes in this industry have varied in recent months, reflecting the impact of unusual weather; the industry has added 215,000 jobs since last October. Manufacturing employment fell by 29,000 in June, following a decline of 22,000 in May. The June losses were widespread; the largest (6,000 each) were in apparel, which continued its long-term decline, and in automobile manufacturing. A strike involving 3,000 workers in an auto stamping plant (in the fabricated metals industry) led to several plant shutdowns in the auto industry. Textiles, paper products, electronic components, and food and kindred products also lost jobs. In contrast to all of these declines, printing and publishing employment rose by 5,000, after 4 months of virtually no change, and employment in stone, clay, and glass products, which has been moving erratically for several months, increased by 3,000. - 4 Government payrolls fell in June by 33,000, mostly in schools, where employment was strong in May. The noneducation component of state government also recorded a drop in employment, primarily because of a strike in public transportation, while local government other than education continued to add jobs. Federal government employment continued to decline. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in June to 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. In manufacturing, the workweek and overtime were unchanged at 41.8 and 4.6 hours, respectively. Weekly hours in auto manufacturing fell by 0.9 hour due to the strike-related plant shutdowns that occurred during the survey reference period. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was little changed at 144.8 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index edged down by 0.3 percent to 109.1. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up 1 cent in June to $12.74, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings decreased by 0.2 percent to $440.80. Over the year, average hourly and weekly earnings have risen by 4.1 and 4.4 percent, respectively. (See table B-3.) ________________________________________ The Employment Situation for July 1998 is scheduled to be released on Friday, August 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT). - 5 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1998, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication individuals are counted only once, even if the establishment survey, employees working appearing on more than one payroll would be appearance. of individuals, because they hold more than one job. In at more than one job and thus counted separately for each Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from zero to 0.6 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $17.00 per issue or $35.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age June 1997 May 1998 June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998 June 1998 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Agriculture............................... Nonagricultural industries................ Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... Not in labor force............................ 203,000 137,557 67.8 130,463 64.3 3,757 126,705 7,094 5.2 65,443 204,899 137,240 67.0 131,476 64.2 3,552 127,924 5,764 4.2 67,659 205,085 138,798 67.7 132,265 64.5 3,718 128,546 6,534 4.7 66,287 203,000 136,206 67.1 129,392 63.7 3,389 126,003 6,814 5.0 66,794 204,400 137,557 67.3 131,163 64.2 3,335 127,829 6,393 4.6 66,844 204,547 137,523 67.2 130,994 64.0 3,132 127,862 6,529 4.7 67,024 204,731 137,242 67.0 131,383 64.2 3,350 128,033 5,859 4.3 67,489 204,899 137,364 67.0 131,453 64.2 3,335 128,118 5,910 4.3 67,535 205,085 137,447 67.0 131,209 64.0 3,343 127,867 6,237 4.5 67,639 97,649 74,312 76.1 70,619 72.3 3,693 5.0 98,591 73,853 74.9 70,856 71.9 2,997 4.1 98,691 74,945 75.9 71,618 72.6 3,326 4.4 97,649 73,225 75.0 69,586 71.3 3,639 5.0 98,331 73,780 75.0 70,459 71.7 3,320 4.5 98,405 73,695 74.9 70,297 71.4 3,399 4.6 98,503 73,799 74.9 70,831 71.9 2,969 4.0 98,591 73,783 74.8 70,685 71.7 3,098 4.2 98,691 73,818 74.8 70,570 71.5 3,249 4.4 89,829 69,549 77.4 66,828 74.4 2,596 64,232 2,721 3.9 90,622 69,752 77.0 67,413 74.4 2,482 64,930 2,339 3.4 90,700 69,968 77.1 67,531 74.5 2,527 65,004 2,437 3.5 89,829 69,157 77.0 66,258 73.8 2,398 63,860 2,899 4.2 90,476 69,601 76.9 66,990 74.0 2,264 64,726 2,611 3.8 90,502 69,451 76.7 66,753 73.8 2,168 64,585 2,699 3.9 90,580 69,697 76.9 67,301 74.3 2,420 64,881 2,396 3.4 90,622 69,624 76.8 67,190 74.1 2,324 64,866 2,434 3.5 90,700 69,545 76.7 66,950 73.8 2,333 64,617 2,595 3.7 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Agriculture............................... Nonagricultural industries................ Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 105,351 106,308 106,394 105,351 106,070 106,141 106,228 106,308 106,394 Civilian labor force.......................... 63,245 63,387 63,854 62,981 63,777 63,827 63,443 63,581 63,628 Participation rate...................... 60.0 59.6 60.0 59.8 60.1 60.1 59.7 59.8 59.8 Employed.................................... 59,843 60,619 60,646 59,806 60,704 60,697 60,553 60,768 60,640 Employment-population ratio............. 56.8 57.0 57.0 56.8 57.2 57.2 57.0 57.2 57.0 Unemployed.................................. 3,401 2,767 3,207 3,175 3,073 3,130 2,890 2,813 2,989 Unemployment rate....................... 5.4 4.4 5.0 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.6 4.4 4.7 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Agriculture............................... Nonagricultural industries................ Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... 97,834 58,908 60.2 56,263 57.5 809 55,454 2,645 4.5 98,668 59,434 60.2 57,216 58.0 774 56,442 2,218 3.7 98,735 59,277 60.0 56,828 57.6 799 56,030 2,449 4.1 97,834 59,195 60.5 56,575 57.8 755 55,820 2,620 4.4 98,471 59,721 60.6 57,146 58.0 801 56,345 2,575 4.3 98,534 59,771 60.7 57,186 58.0 717 56,470 2,585 4.3 98,583 59,486 60.3 57,075 57.9 705 56,370 2,411 4.1 98,668 59,573 60.4 57,253 58.0 755 56,499 2,320 3.9 98,735 59,599 60.4 57,172 57.9 747 56,424 2,427 4.1 15,336 9,100 59.3 7,372 48.1 353 7,019 1,728 19.0 15,609 8,054 51.6 6,847 43.9 296 6,552 1,207 15.0 15,651 9,553 61.0 7,905 50.5 392 7,513 1,648 17.2 15,336 7,854 51.2 6,559 42.8 236 6,323 1,295 16.5 15,453 8,235 53.3 7,028 45.5 270 6,758 1,207 14.7 15,511 8,300 53.5 7,055 45.5 247 6,808 1,245 15.0 15,569 8,059 51.8 7,007 45.0 225 6,782 1,052 13.1 15,609 8,166 52.3 7,010 44.9 256 6,754 1,156 14.2 15,651 8,302 53.0 7,088 45.3 262 6,826 1,215 14.6 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population........... Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Agriculture............................... Nonagricultural industries................ Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin June 1997 May 1998 June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998 June 1998 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population............ 169,897 171,257 171,387 169,897 170,917 171,016 171,141 171,257 171,387 Civilian labor force.......................... 115,832 115,261 116,297 114,659 115,392 115,297 115,057 115,309 115,137 Participation rate........................ 68.2 67.3 67.9 67.5 67.5 67.4 67.2 67.3 67.2 Employed.................................... 110,839 111,127 111,576 109,779 110,842 110,605 110,859 111,025 110,535 Employment-population ratio............... 65.2 64.9 65.1 64.6 64.9 64.7 64.8 64.8 64.5 Unemployed.................................. 4,994 4,134 4,721 4,880 4,550 4,692 4,198 4,284 4,602 Unemployment rate......................... 4.3 3.6 4.1 4.3 3.9 4.1 3.6 3.7 4.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 59,447 77.9 57,494 75.4 1,953 3.3 59,488 77.4 57,746 75.1 1,743 2.9 59,618 77.5 57,817 75.2 1,801 3.0 59,086 77.5 56,967 74.7 2,119 3.6 59,372 77.4 57,456 74.9 1,916 3.2 59,201 77.1 57,209 74.5 1,992 3.4 59,307 77.2 57,562 74.9 1,745 2.9 59,366 77.2 57,516 74.8 1,850 3.1 59,257 77.0 57,302 74.5 1,955 3.3 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 48,666 59.7 46,846 57.5 1,820 3.7 48,920 59.7 47,416 57.8 1,504 3.1 48,665 59.3 46,961 57.2 1,704 3.5 48,877 60.0 47,077 57.8 1,800 3.7 49,057 59.9 47,279 57.7 1,778 3.6 49,077 59.9 47,276 57.7 1,801 3.7 48,955 59.7 47,300 57.7 1,654 3.4 49,019 59.8 47,416 57.8 1,603 3.3 48,886 59.6 47,197 57.5 1,688 3.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... Men..................................... Women................................... 7,719 63.4 6,499 53.4 1,220 15.8 16.9 14.6 6,853 55.2 5,965 48.1 888 13.0 14.3 11.5 8,014 64.4 6,797 54.6 1,217 15.2 16.0 14.3 6,696 55.0 5,735 47.1 961 14.4 15.8 12.8 6,963 56.6 6,107 49.6 857 12.3 14.7 9.8 7,019 56.9 6,120 49.6 899 12.8 14.9 10.6 6,795 54.9 5,996 48.5 799 11.8 12.7 10.7 6,924 55.8 6,093 49.1 831 12.0 14.0 9.8 6,994 56.2 6,036 48.5 958 13.7 14.7 12.6 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 23,978 15,605 65.1 13,854 57.8 1,751 11.2 24,317 15,709 64.6 14,336 59.0 1,373 8.7 24,349 16,182 66.5 14,709 60.4 1,473 9.1 23,978 15,426 64.3 13,836 57.7 1,590 10.3 24,229 15,885 65.6 14,349 59.2 1,535 9.7 24,257 15,971 65.8 14,498 59.8 1,473 9.2 24,289 15,907 65.5 14,499 59.7 1,408 8.9 24,317 15,756 64.8 14,344 59.0 1,412 9.0 24,349 16,013 65.8 14,700 60.4 1,313 8.2 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 6,943 72.6 6,327 66.1 616 8.9 7,009 72.2 6,549 67.5 460 6.6 7,105 73.1 6,619 68.1 486 6.8 6,925 72.4 6,305 65.9 620 9.0 6,974 72.1 6,428 66.5 546 7.8 7,044 72.8 6,511 67.3 533 7.6 7,097 73.2 6,573 67.8 524 7.4 7,009 72.2 6,536 67.4 473 6.7 7,088 73.0 6,599 67.9 489 6.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 7,597 63.4 6,900 57.6 697 9.2 7,762 63.7 7,130 58.6 631 8.1 7,841 64.3 7,220 59.2 621 7.9 7,617 63.5 6,932 57.8 685 9.0 7,952 65.5 7,265 59.8 687 8.6 7,935 65.3 7,284 60.0 651 8.2 7,822 64.3 7,182 59.0 640 8.2 7,787 64.0 7,130 58.6 657 8.4 7,866 64.5 7,256 59.5 609 7.7 1,065 44.0 627 25.9 439 41.2 46.2 36.0 938 38.5 657 26.9 282 30.0 30.7 29.4 1,236 50.5 871 35.6 365 29.6 30.2 29.0 884 36.5 599 24.7 285 32.2 39.1 25.5 959 39.6 656 27.1 302 31.5 34.7 28.4 992 40.9 703 29.0 289 29.1 27.8 30.3 988 40.6 744 30.6 244 24.7 23.9 25.3 960 39.4 678 27.8 283 29.4 30.2 28.8 1,060 43.4 846 34.6 214 20.2 20.4 20.1 20,293 13,839 68.2 12,820 63.2 1,019 7.4 20,975 14,328 68.3 13,426 64.0 902 6.3 21,036 14,436 68.6 13,394 63.7 1,042 7.2 20,293 13,814 68.1 12,751 62.8 1,063 7.7 20,798 14,149 68.0 13,181 63.4 968 6.8 20,851 14,298 68.6 13,305 63.8 993 6.9 20,915 14,369 68.7 13,434 64.2 935 6.5 20,975 14,458 68.9 13,480 64.3 978 6.8 21,036 14,420 68.5 13,328 63.4 1,092 7.6 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... Men..................................... Women................................... HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment June 1997 May 1998 June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998 June 1998 29,924 12,693 42.4 11,737 39.2 956 7.5 29,931 12,942 43.2 12,147 40.6 796 6.1 30,064 12,988 43.2 12,130 40.3 858 6.6 29,924 12,608 42.1 11,575 38.7 1,033 8.2 29,228 12,555 43.0 11,676 39.9 879 7.0 29,251 12,392 42.4 11,500 39.3 891 7.2 29,638 12,664 42.7 11,773 39.7 891 7.0 29,931 12,690 42.4 11,839 39.6 851 6.7 30,064 12,888 42.9 11,963 39.8 925 7.2 57,643 37,915 65.8 36,372 63.1 1,544 4.1 57,706 37,627 65.2 36,366 63.0 1,261 3.4 57,446 37,174 64.7 35,780 62.3 1,394 3.8 57,643 37,826 65.6 36,174 62.8 1,652 4.4 57,418 37,807 65.8 36,302 63.2 1,505 4.0 57,885 37,931 65.5 36,331 62.8 1,600 4.2 57,484 37,340 65.0 35,885 62.4 1,454 3.9 57,706 37,496 65.0 36,114 62.6 1,383 3.7 57,446 37,096 64.6 35,602 62.0 1,494 4.0 41,747 31,091 74.5 30,117 72.1 974 3.1 42,024 31,114 74.0 30,193 71.8 921 3.0 41,880 31,008 74.0 30,151 72.0 857 2.8 41,747 31,333 75.1 30,316 72.6 1,017 3.2 42,527 31,505 74.1 30,538 71.8 967 3.1 42,313 31,515 74.5 30,471 72.0 1,043 3.3 42,303 31,517 74.5 30,669 72.5 848 2.7 42,024 31,408 74.7 30,437 72.4 971 3.1 41,880 31,227 74.6 30,333 72.4 894 2.9 40,955 32,738 79.9 32,034 78.2 704 2.2 42,090 33,930 80.6 33,397 79.3 533 1.6 42,464 33,957 80.0 33,337 78.5 620 1.8 40,955 33,036 80.7 32,356 79.0 680 2.1 42,238 33,672 79.7 33,029 78.2 643 1.9 42,085 33,777 80.3 33,145 78.8 632 1.9 42,197 33,989 80.5 33,419 79.2 571 1.7 42,090 33,920 80.6 33,364 79.3 556 1.6 42,464 34,274 80.7 33,674 79.3 600 1.7 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population.... Civilian labor force.................. Percent of population............. Employed............................ Employment-population ratio....... Unemployed.......................... Unemployment rate................. High school graduates, no college (2) Civilian noninstitutional population.... Civilian labor force.................. Percent of population............. Employed............................ Employment-population ratio....... Unemployed.......................... Unemployment rate................. Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population.... Civilian labor force.................. Percent of population............. Employed............................ Employment-population ratio....... Unemployed.......................... Unemployment rate................. College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population.... Civilian labor force.................. Percent of population............. Employed............................ Employment-population ratio....... Unemployed.......................... Unemployment rate................. 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. 3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category June 1997 May 1998 June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998 June 1998 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over............... 130,463 131,476 132,265 129,392 131,163 130,994 131,383 131,453 131,209 Married men, spouse present................... 42,533 42,556 42,582 42,476 42,915 42,779 42,865 42,471 42,539 Married women, spouse present................. 32,259 32,838 32,412 32,654 32,821 32,872 32,973 32,805 32,805 Women who maintain families................... 7,831 7,943 7,938 7,820 7,884 7,776 7,813 7,848 7,922 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty......... Technical, sales, and administrative support.. Service occupations........................... Precision production, craft, and repair....... Operators, fabricators, and laborers.......... Farming, forestry, and fishing................ 37,271 38,218 17,708 14,551 18,765 3,950 38,672 38,247 17,749 14,839 18,250 3,719 38,449 38,605 18,123 14,799 18,344 3,944 37,549 38,188 17,450 14,282 18,540 3,502 38,164 38,491 17,950 14,456 18,632 3,436 38,454 38,693 17,752 14,656 18,179 3,269 38,643 38,585 17,478 14,673 18,447 3,495 38,641 38,401 17,749 14,853 18,322 3,479 38,732 38,567 17,873 14,509 18,120 3,503 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers..................... 2,222 2,070 2,145 1,912 1,928 1,866 1,987 1,871 1,841 Self-employed workers....................... 1,485 1,430 1,524 1,429 1,324 1,242 1,324 1,395 1,470 Unpaid family workers....................... 50 52 49 47 41 32 28 51 48 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers..................... 117,386 118,753 119,370 116,642 118,961 119,131 118,774 119,013 118,654 Government................................ 17,846 18,287 18,220 18,113 18,378 18,072 18,202 18,034 18,497 Private industries........................ 99,541 100,467 101,151 98,529 100,583 101,058 100,571 100,979 100,157 Private households...................... 900 975 968 888 1,035 1,022 1,014 1,015 961 Other industries........................ 98,641 99,491 100,183 97,641 99,547 100,037 99,557 99,964 99,195 Self-employed workers....................... 9,180 9,068 9,068 9,089 8,761 8,784 9,069 9,023 8,969 Unpaid family workers....................... 139 103 108 128 117 102 124 97 100 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons.............. Slack work or business conditions......... Could only find part-time work............ Part time for noneconomic reasons........... 4,258 2,275 1,580 16,728 3,602 2,005 1,299 19,035 4,033 2,159 1,431 17,191 4,049 2,347 1,373 18,205 3,882 2,123 1,455 18,407 3,902 2,188 1,445 18,448 3,735 2,074 1,300 18,084 3,772 2,104 1,344 18,662 3,837 2,230 1,246 18,665 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons.............. Slack work or business conditions......... Could only find part-time work............ Part time for noneconomic reasons........... 4,024 2,140 1,516 16,162 3,478 1,937 1,265 18,411 3,871 2,086 1,373 16,595 3,819 2,202 1,320 17,577 3,743 2,025 1,433 17,786 3,726 2,057 1,416 17,929 3,608 1,998 1,276 17,470 3,630 2,024 1,315 18,067 3,676 2,151 1,199 18,019 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Category June 1997 May 1998 June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998 June 1998 Total, 16 years and over....................... Men, 20 years and over....................... Women, 20 years and over..................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years................... 6,814 2,899 2,620 1,295 5,910 2,434 2,320 1,156 6,237 2,595 2,427 1,215 5.0 4.2 4.4 16.5 4.6 3.8 4.3 14.7 4.7 3.9 4.3 15.0 4.3 3.4 4.1 13.1 4.3 3.5 3.9 14.2 4.5 3.7 4.1 14.6 Married men, spouse present.................. Married women, spouse present................ Women who maintain families.................. 1,163 1,068 683 1,023 933 651 952 991 591 2.7 3.2 8.0 2.5 3.1 7.6 2.5 3.3 7.6 2.2 2.8 7.6 2.4 2.8 7.7 2.2 2.9 6.9 Full-time workers............................ Part-time workers............................ 5,480 1,296 4,784 1,157 4,905 1,300 4.9 5.3 4.5 5.2 4.5 5.7 4.2 4.8 4.2 4.7 4.4 5.2 757 1,682 723 1,484 302 653 1,570 677 1,279 237 670 1,559 648 1,339 244 2.0 4.2 4.8 7.4 7.9 2.0 4.0 4.1 6.5 6.3 1.8 4.1 4.5 6.9 7.1 1.9 3.7 3.7 6.1 5.8 1.7 3.9 4.4 6.5 6.4 1.7 3.9 4.3 6.9 6.5 5,205 1,517 18 609 890 446 444 3,688 223 1,717 190 1,558 516 221 4,763 1,339 8 574 756 375 381 3,424 224 1,382 159 1,659 451 160 4,908 1,323 26 549 748 370 378 3,585 264 1,522 161 1,638 386 163 5.0 5.2 2.8 8.8 4.2 3.6 5.0 4.9 3.0 6.4 2.5 4.7 2.8 10.4 4.7 4.7 2.6 7.8 3.7 2.9 5.0 4.7 3.2 5.8 2.6 4.7 2.3 8.6 4.7 5.0 3.7 8.6 3.8 3.6 4.2 4.6 3.3 5.4 2.6 4.7 2.9 9.7 4.3 4.4 2.3 6.3 3.9 3.5 4.4 4.3 3.1 5.2 2.2 4.3 2.0 8.0 4.5 4.6 1.3 8.0 3.6 3.0 4.6 4.5 3.0 5.1 2.0 4.8 2.4 7.9 4.7 4.7 3.9 8.0 3.6 2.9 4.6 4.7 3.6 5.7 2.1 4.7 2.0 8.1 CHARACTERISTIC OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty........ Technical, sales, and administrative support. Precision production, craft, and repair...... Operators, fabricators, and laborers......... Farming, forestry, and fishing............... INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers...................................... Goods-producing industries................. Mining................................... Construction............................. Manufacturing............................ Durable goods.......................... Nondurable goods....................... Service-producing industries............... Transportation and public utilities...... Wholesale and retail trade............... Finance, insurance, and real estate...... Services................................. Government workers........................... Agricultural wage and salary workers......... 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration June 1997 May 1998 June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998 June 1998 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 15 weeks and over.............................. 15 to 26 weeks.............................. 27 weeks and over........................... 3,210 1,895 1,989 973 1,016 2,634 1,597 1,534 724 809 3,174 1,801 1,559 808 751 2,541 2,188 2,069 1,031 1,038 2,622 1,909 1,830 855 974 2,858 1,979 1,731 841 891 2,632 1,901 1,417 584 833 2,634 1,954 1,462 656 806 2,519 2,084 1,621 852 769 Average (mean) duration, in weeks.............. Median duration, in weeks...................... 14.2 5.8 15.0 5.9 12.8 4.9 15.3 7.9 15.6 7.2 14.3 6.8 14.3 6.4 14.6 5.9 13.8 6.6 100.0 45.3 26.7 28.0 13.7 14.3 100.0 45.7 27.7 26.6 12.6 14.0 100.0 48.6 27.6 23.9 12.4 11.5 100.0 37.4 32.2 30.4 15.2 15.3 100.0 41.2 30.0 28.8 13.4 15.3 100.0 43.5 30.1 26.4 12.8 13.6 100.0 44.2 31.9 23.8 9.8 14.0 100.0 43.5 32.3 24.2 10.8 13.3 100.0 40.5 33.5 26.0 13.7 12.4 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed............................... Less than 5 weeks............................ 5 to 14 weeks................................ 15 weeks and over............................ 15 to 26 weeks............................. 27 weeks and over.......................... NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason June 1997 May 1998 June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998 June 1998 2,878 788 2,090 1,448 642 774 2,628 814 2,517 608 1,908 1,357 551 664 2,098 486 2,628 713 1,915 1,289 626 714 2,360 832 3,094 928 2,166 (1) (1) 827 2,333 510 2,795 821 1,975 (1) (1) 786 2,266 543 2,980 980 2,000 (1) (1) 744 2,215 549 2,631 696 1,935 (1) (1) 625 2,096 511 2,772 786 1,986 (1) (1) 748 2,033 493 2,819 841 1,978 (1) (1) 766 2,096 532 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 40.6 11.1 29.5 10.9 37.0 11.5 43.7 10.5 33.1 11.5 36.4 8.4 40.2 10.9 29.3 10.9 36.1 12.7 45.7 13.7 32.0 12.2 34.5 7.5 43.7 12.8 30.9 12.3 35.5 8.5 45.9 15.1 30.8 11.5 34.1 8.5 44.9 11.9 33.0 10.7 35.7 8.7 45.8 13.0 32.8 12.4 33.6 8.2 45.4 13.5 31.8 12.3 33.7 8.6 2.1 .6 1.9 .6 1.8 .5 1.5 .4 1.9 .5 1.7 .6 2.3 .6 1.7 .4 2.0 .6 1.6 .4 2.2 .5 1.6 .4 1.9 .5 1.5 .4 2.0 .5 1.5 .4 2.1 .6 1.5 .4 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs......................................... On temporary layoff........................... Not on temporary layoff....................... Permanent job losers........................ Persons who completed temporary jobs........ Job leavers..................................... Reentrants...................................... New entrants.................................... PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................ Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs......................................... On temporary layoff.......................... Not on temporary layoff...................... Job leavers.................................... Reentrants..................................... New entrants................................... UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs......................................... Job leavers.................................... Reentrants..................................... New entrants................................... 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure June 1997 May 1998 June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998 June 1998 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force.............................................. 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.2 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force..................................... 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)............................. 5.2 4.2 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.7 4.3 4.3 4.5 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.................... 5.4 4.4 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 6.1 5.0 5.5 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers......................... 9.2 7.6 8.4 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Age and sex June 1997 May 1998 June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998 June 1998 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years.................................. 16 to 19 years................................ 16 to 17 years.............................. 18 to 19 years.............................. 20 to 24 years................................ 25 years and over............................... 25 to 54 years................................ 55 years and over............................. 6,814 2,426 1,295 550 743 1,131 4,371 3,867 509 5,910 2,184 1,156 514 650 1,028 3,758 3,372 407 6,237 2,318 1,215 597 618 1,103 3,901 3,480 427 5.0 11.4 16.5 17.3 15.9 8.4 3.8 3.9 3.1 4.6 10.8 14.7 18.5 11.3 8.5 3.5 3.6 2.7 4.7 10.7 15.0 16.9 13.7 8.0 3.6 3.8 2.9 4.3 9.5 13.1 15.2 11.6 7.4 3.2 3.3 2.5 4.3 10.0 14.2 15.8 13.2 7.6 3.3 3.4 2.4 4.5 10.6 14.6 18.2 12.3 8.1 3.4 3.5 2.5 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 3,639 1,337 740 328 421 597 2,292 2,007 285 3,098 1,250 664 300 370 586 1,875 1,639 225 3,249 1,246 653 363 303 592 1,991 1,762 231 5.0 11.9 18.2 19.7 17.4 8.3 3.7 3.8 3.1 4.5 11.7 17.0 21.0 13.1 8.7 3.2 3.2 2.9 4.6 11.2 16.5 18.5 15.2 8.1 3.4 3.5 3.1 4.0 9.7 14.0 14.9 13.3 7.3 3.0 3.0 2.6 4.2 11.0 16.0 17.9 14.8 8.1 3.0 3.1 2.4 4.4 10.8 15.3 21.0 11.8 8.2 3.2 3.3 2.5 Women, 16 years and over........................ 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 3,175 1,089 555 222 322 534 2,079 1,860 224 2,813 935 493 214 280 442 1,883 1,733 182 2,989 1,073 562 235 315 511 1,910 1,718 196 5.0 10.8 14.7 14.7 14.2 8.5 3.9 4.1 3.1 4.8 9.8 12.3 16.0 9.5 8.3 3.8 4.1 2.4 4.9 10.1 13.4 15.2 12.2 7.9 3.9 4.1 2.6 4.6 9.2 12.1 15.5 9.8 7.5 3.6 3.7 2.4 4.4 9.0 12.3 13.5 11.4 6.9 3.5 3.8 2.4 4.7 10.3 13.9 15.1 12.7 8.0 3.6 3.8 2.6 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category June 1997 June 1998 June 1997 June 1998 June 1997 June 1998 65,443 5,325 1,428 66,287 5,187 1,213 23,337 2,255 683 23,747 2,225 617 42,106 3,070 744 42,540 2,962 595 353 1,075 311 902 200 483 168 449 152 592 143 453 Total multiple jobholders(4).................................... Percent of total employed................................... 8,214 6.3 7,712 5.8 4,513 6.4 4,133 5.8 3,700 6.2 3,579 5.9 Primary job full time, secondary job part time.............. Primary and secondary jobs both part time................... Primary and secondary jobs both full time................... Hours vary on primary or secondary job...................... 4,573 1,687 299 1,625 4,333 1,641 247 1,450 2,795 530 228 949 2,594 546 176 799 1,779 1,157 71 676 1,739 1,095 70 652 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force.................................... Persons who currently want a job.............................. Searched for work and vailable to work now(1).............. Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................. Reasons other than discouragement(3)............... MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 1998, data reflect new composite estimation procedures and revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry June 1997 Apr. 1998 May 1998p June 1998p June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998p June 1998p Total......................... 123,622 125,088 126,153 126,871 122,534 124,832 124,914 125,234 125,543 125,748 Total private.................... 104,001 104,958 105,944 106,998 102,991 105,112 105,186 105,470 105,717 105,955 Goods-producing......................... 25,220 25,084 25,325 25,618 24,903 25,314 25,276 25,339 25,301 25,291 Mining................................ Metal mining........................ Coal mining......................... Oil and gas extraction.............. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 599 55.2 96.9 335.2 112.1 577 50.2 92.1 327.4 107.2 580 50.5 91.9 327.5 109.7 584 51.0 91.5 330.4 110.9 593 54 96 335 108 590 52 93 338 107 587 51 93 336 107 582 51 92 332 107 579 51 92 329 107 578 50 91 330 107 Construction.......................... 5,886 5,758 5,972 6,164 General building contractors........ 1,350.4 1,346.8 1,383.6 1,440.1 Heavy construction, except building. 845.5 791.3 847.4 874.2 Special trade contractors........... 3,690.3 3,620.2 3,740.6 3,849.8 5,668 1,312 791 3,565 5,902 1,371 813 3,718 5,860 1,373 805 3,682 5,930 1,385 819 3,726 5,917 1,387 817 3,713 5,937 1,399 818 3,720 Manufacturing......................... Production workers................ 18,735 12,956 18,749 12,946 18,773 12,949 18,870 13,019 18,642 12,888 18,822 13,024 18,829 13,013 18,827 13,007 18,805 12,975 18,776 12,950 Durable goods........................ Production workers................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Computer and office equipment..... Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Electronic components and accessories.................... Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Aircraft and parts................ Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11,028 7,576 803.1 512.1 561.3 710.9 11,153 7,661 790.9 523.3 559.0 717.2 11,161 7,656 799.7 524.8 565.6 715.1 11,209 7,687 811.7 525.7 574.4 719.3 10,966 7,524 793 509 550 708 11,159 7,676 800 519 561 718 11,166 7,669 801 520 558 719 11,170 7,666 802 524 561 718 11,156 7,646 803 526 560 716 11,145 7,633 801 523 563 717 235.8 234.2 234.5 235.9 1,481.1 1,494.2 1,494.4 1,500.4 2,171.3 2,206.8 2,205.9 2,211.7 377.0 376.4 375.9 374.5 (1) 1,474 2,160 375 (1) 1,497 2,202 381 (1) 1,497 2,205 381 (1) 1,498 2,201 377 (1) 1,495 2,201 375 (1) 1,493 2,200 373 1,686.5 1,714.5 1,710.1 1,715.8 1,684 1,720 1,722 1,720 1,716 1,713 652.6 676.7 674.3 674.1 1,844.3 1,891.6 1,892.8 1,893.4 987.9 1,004.9 1,005.6 1,002.2 499.2 523.7 522.5 523.9 865.3 866.3 865.0 867.8 391.7 389.2 387.2 388.9 651 1,835 979 500 863 390 680 1,886 1,004 523 866 390 681 1,887 1,002 525 868 389 678 1,890 1,004 525 867 389 676 1,886 999 523 866 387 672 1,883 993 525 865 387 7,707 5,380 1,688.2 37.9 620.0 836.4 689.4 1,558.8 1,040.2 142.3 1,002.1 91.7 7,661 5,332 1,703.2 36.5 602.9 781.2 685.2 1,572.0 1,044.4 138.8 1,013.5 83.7 7,676 5,364 1,690 41 616 829 684 1,557 1,034 140 994 91 7,663 5,348 1,703 41 606 796 688 1,564 1,036 136 1,007 86 7,663 5,344 1,704 41 604 796 688 1,564 1,036 136 1,009 85 7,657 5,341 1,708 42 605 787 686 1,565 1,035 137 1,008 84 7,649 5,329 1,710 41 604 780 685 1,565 1,039 136 1,006 83 7,631 5,317 1,706 40 599 774 680 1,570 1,038 136 1,005 83 98,402 100,004 100,828 101,253 97,631 99,518 99,638 Transportation and public utilities... 6,439 6,484 6,541 6,578 Transportation...................... 4,139 4,153 4,200 4,216 Railroad transportation........... 229.3 230.9 232.1 233.3 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 451.2 467.0 480.0 464.4 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,679.4 1,674.8 1,696.9 1,727.2 Water transportation.............. 187.7 180.2 187.2 190.9 Transportation by air............. 1,136.0 1,139.8 1,142.0 1,139.9 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 14.5 14.0 14.2 14.2 Transportation services........... 440.6 446.2 447.5 446.4 Communications and public utilities. 2,300 2,331 2,341 2,362 Communications.................... 1,426.5 1,477.3 1,484.0 1,499.0 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 873.3 853.5 856.8 862.9 6,405 4,118 229 6,494 4,164 231 6,504 4,170 231 6,513 4,173 231 6,530 4,188 231 6,544 4,195 233 450 1,666 181 1,139 14 439 2,287 1,421 459 1,688 181 1,145 14 446 2,330 1,471 460 1,690 183 1,146 14 446 2,334 1,475 453 1,702 181 1,147 14 445 2,340 1,484 461 1,702 185 1,148 14 447 2,342 1,485 463 1,713 184 1,143 14 445 2,349 1,493 Nondurable goods..................... Production workers................ Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ Service-producing....................... 7,596 5,285 1,663.2 39.5 603.9 784.7 682.2 1,564.0 1,032.1 135.6 1,006.4 84.5 7,612 5,293 1,676.4 37.5 604.1 782.5 682.5 1,564.5 1,037.9 136.8 1,005.9 83.7 99,895 100,242 100,457 866 859 859 856 857 856 6,871 4,094 2,777 22,662 6,632 3,923 2,709 21,987 6,769 4,030 2,739 22,283 6,783 4,039 2,744 22,259 6,798 4,050 2,748 22,335 6,813 4,058 2,755 22,414 6,828 4,068 2,760 22,467 985.4 979.7 1,012.9 1,025.5 2,650.2 2,674.6 2,703.0 2,732.0 2,325.4 2,355.9 2,383.7 2,408.6 3,510.5 3,489.0 3,519.6 3,559.9 938 2,709 2,379 3,490 959 2,756 2,427 3,533 966 2,759 2,428 3,536 971 2,784 2,447 3,533 972 2,789 2,464 3,540 976 2,792 2,464 3,540 2,330.2 2,327.9 2,349.3 2,371.0 1,053.3 1,056.5 1,059.4 1,065.2 1,083.3 1,076.3 1,079.1 1,096.2 2,309 1,052 1,095 2,331 1,056 1,100 2,333 1,056 1,098 2,337 1,058 1,105 2,344 1,060 1,105 2,350 1,064 1,109 992.5 1,035.3 1,041.3 1,051.3 7,880.5 7,677.0 7,859.4 7,969.7 2,750.9 2,825.3 2,859.4 2,856.7 1,003 7,646 2,797 1,043 7,694 2,867 1,048 7,645 2,874 1,045 7,681 2,879 1,054 7,712 2,898 1,062 7,733 2,905 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,139 7,261 7,311 7,409 Finance............................. 3,421 3,514 3,531 3,572 Depository institutions........... 2,037.7 2,035.0 2,039.7 2,058.6 Commercial banks................ 1,468.1 1,457.2 1,460.2 1,474.3 Savings institutions............ 263.7 263.0 263.5 265.4 Nondepository institutions........ 567.2 605.4 611.9 621.0 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 252.9 278.8 283.1 288.4 Security and commodity brokers.... 594.8 634.3 640.1 651.5 Holding and other investment offices........................ 221.4 239.2 239.4 240.7 Insurance........................... 2,262 2,309 2,319 2,335 Insurance carriers................ 1,535.9 1,572.1 1,578.4 1,591.4 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 726.4 737.1 740.2 743.8 Real estate......................... 1,456 1,438 1,461 1,502 7,072 3,402 2,025 1,458 262 565 250 592 7,232 3,496 2,039 1,464 262 593 270 629 7,258 3,512 2,041 1,465 262 602 276 633 7,289 3,521 2,041 1,463 263 605 278 636 7,310 3,536 2,045 1,464 264 611 281 641 7,340 3,553 2,046 1,465 264 618 285 649 220 2,255 1,531 235 2,297 1,560 236 2,302 1,566 239 2,312 1,574 239 2,319 1,579 240 2,327 1,586 724 1,415 737 1,439 736 1,444 738 1,456 740 1,455 741 1,460 35,992 678 1,738 1,180 7,987 938 2,975 2,652 37,020 696 1,756 1,177 8,384 961 3,152 2,820 37,106 695 1,755 1,178 8,412 966 3,149 2,819 37,196 706 1,767 1,186 8,422 965 3,140 2,806 37,349 698 1,770 1,193 8,485 976 3,149 2,811 37,485 706 1,770 1,188 8,547 975 3,180 2,843 Wholesale trade....................... Durable goods....................... Nondurable goods.................... Retail trade.......................... Building materials and garden supplies......................... General merchandise stores.......... Department stores................. Food stores......................... Automotive dealers and service stations......................... New and used car dealers.......... Apparel and accessory stores........ Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... Eating and drinking places.......... Miscellaneous retail establishments. Services2............................. Agricultural services............... Hotels and other lodging places..... Personal services................... Business services................... Services to buildings............. Personnel supply services......... Help supply services............ 6,674 3,948 2,726 22,184 36,345 756.5 1,837.6 1,153.1 8,018.5 949.4 2,982.0 2,654.2 6,781 4,047 2,734 22,085 37,263 709.6 1,720.5 1,242.9 8,356.9 966.3 3,080.6 2,746.7 6,816 4,064 2,752 22,424 37,527 756.1 1,788.7 1,179.0 8,462.0 981.4 3,127.5 2,794.8 37,860 787.8 1,871.2 1,160.6 8,583.5 986.5 3,188.1 2,846.3 Computer and data processing services....................... Auto repair, services, and parking.. Miscellaneous repair services....... Motion pictures..................... Amusement and recreation services... Health services..................... Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ Nursing and personal care facilities..................... Hospitals......................... Home health care services......... Legal services...................... Educational services................ Social services..................... Child day care services........... Residential care.................. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... Membership organizations............ Engineering and management services. Engineering and architectural services....................... Management and public relations... Services, nec....................... Government............................ Federal............................. Federal, except Postal Service.... State............................... Education......................... Other State government............ Local............................... Education......................... Other local government............ 1,407.3 1,127.0 379.5 549.8 1,820.4 9,728.9 1,593.9 1,167.0 390.2 565.2 1,938.6 9,933.3 1,409 1,120 376 546 1,571 9,707 1,522 1,144 382 569 1,641 9,852 1,538 1,145 382 565 1,647 9,867 1,561 1,146 383 563 1,660 9,873 1,575 1,154 385 568 1,661 9,888 1,596 1,160 387 561 1,672 9,911 1,744.6 1,797.4 1,805.4 1,821.0 1,739 1,788 1,796 1,801 1,807 1,815 1,756.3 3,870.1 715.8 959.5 1,920.7 2,506.0 556.6 722.0 1,762.8 3,962.1 683.0 995.4 1,996.4 2,613.2 565.3 755.1 1,755 3,863 714 945 2,108 2,510 570 716 1,761 3,920 702 967 2,179 2,577 574 741 1,761 3,925 698 970 2,189 2,587 575 744 1,760 3,938 687 972 2,192 2,595 577 746 1,762 3,945 683 977 2,198 2,605 574 748 1,761 3,956 682 981 2,191 2,618 579 748 97.1 90.4 95.0 98.6 2,286.2 2,252.6 2,265.4 2,304.0 3,010.7 3,199.1 3,208.1 3,259.0 90 2,250 2,993 92 2,261 3,148 92 2,263 3,164 92 2,265 3,178 91 2,266 3,214 91 2,268 3,239 876.1 901.6 911.7 934.3 948.6 1,015.2 1,033.8 1,047.9 49.8 51.7 51.6 51.9 866 940 (1) 899 1,007 (1) 904 1,012 (1) 910 1,011 (1) 913 1,031 (1) 923 1,039 (1) 19,543 2,697 1,843 4,586 1,910 2,676 12,260 6,894 5,366 19,720 2,676 1,819 4,613 1,924 2,689 12,431 6,999 5,432 19,728 2,671 1,815 4,619 1,928 2,691 12,438 7,003 5,435 19,764 2,674 1,814 4,620 1,925 2,695 12,470 7,023 5,447 19,826 2,671 1,810 4,637 1,932 2,705 12,518 7,054 5,464 19,793 2,668 1,810 4,620 1,923 2,697 12,505 7,034 5,471 19,621 2,720 1,870.1 4,447 1,737.5 2,709.8 12,454 6,928.0 5,525.5 1,560.6 1,144.1 383.1 561.7 1,637.1 9,859.7 1,756.0 3,932.2 687.8 968.0 2,329.7 2,612.7 594.1 745.2 20,130 2,668 1,814.4 4,747 2,059.5 2,687.6 12,715 7,364.7 5,350.3 1,572.6 1,155.4 385.0 566.7 1,754.8 9,881.8 1,756.8 3,939.0 685.4 971.3 2,231.4 2,630.9 596.4 747.6 20,209 2,676 1,821.7 4,697 1,993.6 2,703.5 12,836 7,405.1 5,430.6 19,873 2,690 1,836.6 4,482 1,750.5 2,731.6 12,701 7,068.2 5,633.0 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry June 1997 Apr. 1998 May 1998p June 1998p June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998p June 1998p Total private.................... 34.9 34.2 34.6 34.7 34.5 34.7 34.6 34.5 34.7 34.6 Goods-producing......................... 41.4 40.1 41.2 41.2 41.2 41.4 41.0 40.8 41.1 41.0 Mining................................ 45.8 43.4 44.1 43.7 45.6 44.4 43.8 44.1 44.3 43.5 Construction.......................... 39.6 38.0 39.2 39.1 38.9 39.2 38.5 38.7 38.6 38.4 Manufacturing......................... Overtime hours.................... 42.0 4.7 40.8 4.0 41.7 4.5 41.9 4.6 41.9 4.7 42.0 4.8 41.8 4.8 41.4 4.5 41.8 4.6 41.8 4.6 Durable goods........................ Overtime hours.................... 42.8 5.0 41.3 4.1 42.4 4.8 42.5 4.8 42.7 5.0 42.8 5.1 42.5 5.0 41.9 4.6 42.4 4.8 42.4 4.8 Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 41.5 39.9 43.6 44.8 40.8 39.7 42.9 43.4 41.3 40.1 43.9 44.5 41.6 40.7 43.9 44.5 41.3 40.0 43.0 44.8 41.1 41.0 43.6 44.8 41.2 40.7 43.2 44.6 41.2 40.7 43.3 43.9 41.1 40.7 43.5 44.5 41.3 40.9 43.3 44.5 44.6 42.6 43.4 44.8 40.9 41.9 45.4 42.2 43.1 44.9 42.4 43.2 44.7 42.5 43.4 45.4 42.7 43.4 45.3 42.4 43.3 44.9 41.8 42.6 45.6 42.3 43.0 45.0 42.3 43.2 42.0 44.6 45.3 41.9 40.1 40.4 41.4 41.2 40.6 39.4 41.3 43.7 44.1 41.2 39.9 41.5 43.0 42.7 41.2 40.0 42.0 44.3 44.9 41.9 40.2 41.9 43.8 43.8 42.0 40.4 41.4 43.4 43.5 41.5 40.5 41.1 42.1 42.0 41.3 40.1 41.5 43.3 43.3 41.4 40.0 41.5 42.8 42.4 41.2 40.1 Nondurable goods..................... Overtime hours.................... 40.7 4.1 40.0 3.8 40.8 4.2 41.0 4.3 40.7 4.2 40.9 4.4 40.8 4.4 40.7 4.2 41.0 4.4 41.0 4.4 Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 40.8 39.2 41.7 37.7 43.4 38.0 43.1 42.9 41.7 38.8 40.4 37.0 40.1 36.5 42.5 37.8 42.9 42.8 41.0 36.5 41.5 38.9 41.1 37.4 43.2 38.1 42.9 43.0 41.9 37.5 41.6 39.7 41.5 37.7 43.5 38.1 43.2 43.3 42.1 37.9 41.0 38.3 41.3 37.3 43.5 38.3 43.1 (2) 41.6 38.3 41.5 38.5 41.5 37.4 43.4 38.5 43.4 (2) 41.8 38.8 41.5 37.7 41.2 37.2 43.4 38.4 43.4 (2) 41.5 37.9 41.3 38.2 41.0 37.7 43.0 38.2 43.1 (2) 41.7 37.3 41.8 39.2 41.3 37.4 43.4 38.4 43.0 (2) 42.1 37.4 41.8 38.8 41.1 37.3 43.6 38.4 43.2 (2) 42.1 37.4 Service-producing....................... 33.1 32.6 32.8 33.0 32.7 33.0 32.8 32.9 33.0 32.9 Transportation and public utilities... 39.9 39.1 39.6 39.8 39.5 39.9 39.8 39.6 39.9 39.7 Wholesale trade....................... 38.7 38.1 38.4 38.3 38.4 38.5 38.3 38.3 38.5 38.2 Retail trade.......................... 29.4 28.7 29.0 29.3 28.8 29.0 28.9 29.0 29.1 29.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.7 36.1 36.1 36.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.8 32.4 32.5 32.7 32.5 32.7 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry June 1997 Apr. 1998 May 1998p June 1998p June 1997 Total private.................... Seasonally adjusted............. $12.18 12.24 $12.69 12.70 $12.69 12.73 $12.65 12.74 $425.08 422.28 Goods-producing......................... 13.86 14.23 14.27 14.27 Mining................................ 16.14 16.84 16.77 Construction.......................... 15.91 16.34 Manufacturing......................... 13.09 13.46 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 13.65 10.78 10.51 13.13 15.16 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ Apr. 1998 May 1998p June 1998p $434.00 438.15 $439.07 441.73 $438.96 440.80 573.80 570.62 587.92 587.92 16.78 739.21 730.86 739.56 733.29 16.43 16.45 630.04 620.92 644.06 643.20 13.46 13.43 549.78 549.17 561.28 562.72 13.96 10.99 10.85 13.63 15.66 13.96 11.06 10.78 13.56 15.53 13.91 11.08 10.81 13.59 15.51 584.22 447.37 419.35 572.47 679.17 576.55 448.39 430.75 584.73 679.64 591.90 456.78 432.28 595.28 691.09 591.18 460.93 439.97 596.60 690.20 18.03 12.72 13.96 18.66 12.89 14.32 18.55 12.85 14.38 18.60 12.85 14.43 804.14 541.87 605.86 835.97 527.20 600.01 842.17 542.27 619.78 835.14 544.84 623.38 12.59 17.42 17.89 13.51 10.49 13.09 17.71 18.35 13.75 10.76 13.03 17.65 18.16 13.76 10.79 13.09 17.44 17.76 13.70 10.81 528.78 776.93 810.42 566.07 420.65 528.84 733.19 756.02 558.25 423.94 538.14 771.31 800.86 566.91 430.52 543.24 749.92 758.35 564.44 432.40 12.26 11.44 21.12 9.98 8.25 14.97 12.89 16.54 19.92 11.52 8.94 12.71 11.75 18.94 10.39 8.47 15.44 13.32 17.15 20.99 11.84 9.28 12.70 11.78 20.32 10.37 8.46 15.46 13.32 17.11 20.84 11.84 9.34 12.69 11.78 20.82 10.37 8.49 15.40 13.31 17.04 20.78 11.87 9.29 498.98 466.75 827.90 416.17 311.03 649.70 489.82 712.87 854.57 480.38 346.87 508.40 474.70 700.78 416.64 309.16 656.20 503.50 735.74 898.37 485.44 338.72 518.16 488.87 790.45 426.21 316.40 667.87 507.49 734.02 896.12 496.10 350.25 520.29 490.05 826.55 430.36 320.07 669.90 507.11 736.13 899.77 499.73 352.09 Service-producing....................... 11.62 12.20 12.17 12.12 384.62 397.72 399.18 399.96 Transportation and public utilities... $14.82 $15.27 $15.21 $15.19 $591.32 $597.06 $602.32 $604.56 Wholesale trade....................... 13.37 13.90 13.94 13.84 517.42 529.59 535.30 530.07 Retail trade.......................... 8.27 8.70 8.71 8.68 243.14 249.69 252.59 254.32 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 13.26 13.98 13.98 13.95 486.64 504.68 504.68 503.60 Services.............................. 12.14 12.77 12.75 12.69 398.19 413.75 414.38 414.96 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent change from: May 1998June 1998 June 1997 Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 Apr. 1998 May 1998p June 1998p Total private: Current dollars.............. Constant (1982) dollars2..... $12.24 7.54 $12.59 7.69 $12.63 7.72 $12.70 7.74 $12.73 7.73 $12.74 N.A. 0.1 (3) Goods-producing............... Mining...................... Construction................ Manufacturing............... Excluding overtime4....... 13.86 16.14 15.97 13.11 12.42 14.21 16.76 16.34 13.42 12.69 14.25 16.82 16.40 13.46 12.73 14.25 16.72 16.45 13.44 12.76 14.27 16.81 16.47 13.46 12.76 14.28 16.78 16.52 13.46 12.75 .1 -.2 .3 .0 -.1 Service-producing............. Transportation and public utilities................ Wholesale trade............. Retail trade................ Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Services.................... 11.70 12.06 12.10 12.19 12.22 12.24 .2 14.89 13.37 8.30 15.25 13.81 8.59 15.27 13.84 8.64 15.32 13.88 8.70 15.31 13.98 8.72 15.26 13.93 8.71 -.3 -.4 -.1 13.31 12.26 13.83 12.60 13.85 12.65 14.00 12.76 14.02 12.81 14.09 12.86 .5 .4 Industry 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.1 percent from April 1998 to May 1998, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry June 1997 Apr. 1998 May 1998p June 1998p June 1997 Apr. 1998 May 1998p June 1998p Total private.................... 144.0 141.8 144.8 146.9 143.8 144.0 144.9 144.8 Goods-producing......................... 116.4 111.6 115.7 116.4 115.1 114.9 115.2 114.9 Mining................................ 59.2 54.1 58.0 57.0 55.6 55.4 55.7 54.0 Construction.......................... 165.2 Manufacturing......................... 109.6 170.6 155.3 162.4 158.7 161.5 160.4 160.3 109.9 108.8 110.3 109.7 108.7 109.4 109.1 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 113.3 143.6 132.0 117.4 94.5 113.9 146.9 133.9 119.3 95.2 112.2 142.6 127.3 111.3 93.9 114.5 143.4 133.1 116.2 95.8 113.7 143.6 132.7 113.9 95.5 112.2 143.8 133.7 114.1 93.7 113.1 143.4 134.0 115.2 94.6 112.8 143.7 133.7 114.9 94.8 72.9 114.8 108.0 74.0 118.1 110.8 73.6 119.1 111.5 72.6 117.3 108.9 74.6 120.1 111.3 74.4 119.1 111.1 73.4 117.5 109.1 74.5 118.5 110.1 73.5 118.2 110.8 110.9 129.8 171.3 76.8 104.0 107.9 123.0 156.2 75.2 101.4 109.9 129.3 166.5 76.1 101.7 110.9 126.7 159.7 76.5 102.5 110.7 128.0 168.2 76.5 103.7 112.8 130.1 166.6 77.6 103.8 111.3 128.7 164.6 76.8 104.1 110.1 124.6 158.9 76.6 103.4 110.9 127.2 162.0 76.6 102.0 110.7 124.9 157.0 76.3 102.3 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 104.6 114.9 54.5 91.0 75.8 111.3 124.9 100.9 77.2 146.9 41.7 101.1 111.8 55.8 85.5 67.8 107.6 123.5 101.8 72.5 145.1 35.8 103.1 115.8 54.7 87.7 69.1 109.6 124.2 102.5 73.6 148.0 36.5 104.4 118.3 54.1 88.3 69.6 111.3 124.4 104.0 74.9 150.3 36.8 104.2 116.0 60.7 89.6 74.2 110.7 126.1 100.4 75.0 145.3 40.6 104.6 118.5 61.0 88.6 70.8 111.1 126.0 103.2 71.9 147.9 38.7 104.3 118.5 59.7 87.8 70.2 111.1 125.3 103.4 73.6 147.2 37.3 104.0 118.3 62.5 87.4 70.0 109.9 124.7 102.7 73.1 148.1 36.7 104.4 119.9 62.1 87.9 68.7 110.5 125.6 102.6 74.1 148.9 36.2 104.2 119.5 59.6 86.9 68.2 110.5 125.6 103.4 73.3 148.9 35.6 Service-producing....................... 156.3 155.3 157.9 160.2 153.0 157.0 156.7 157.0 158.2 158.2 Transportation and public utilities... 132.2 127.8 130.9 132.5 130.0 131.1 130.9 130.2 131.8 131.3 Wholesale trade....................... 127.8 126.6 128.3 129.2 125.8 128.2 127.6 127.9 128.6 127.8 Retail trade.......................... 141.2 136.9 140.7 143.7 137.2 139.9 139.3 139.8 141.1 140.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 132.4 132.8 134.2 136.1 128.8 133.4 133.6 134.2 135.1 135.3 Services.............................. 189.4 191.4 193.7 196.1 185.9 192.0 191.9 192.3 193.6 194.3 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. Feb. 1998 Mar. 1998 140.9 144.4 117.3 114.0 55.5 55.1 153.3 165.2 106.4 109.0 113.2 145.4 127.5 115.6 94.3 110.3 140.2 130.3 113.3 92.7 72.7 118.3 109.5 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 59.3 62.5 50.8 58.0 63.8 60.5 60.0 64.6 61.4 58.7 67.0 54.9 59.6 59.8 59.6 64.5 55.6 56.6 63.6 56.9 58.6 47.8 62.8 60.1 p55.8 63.3 55.6 61.0 54.6 p59.0 63.8 54.8 57.3 61.1 61.7 59.0 61.5 59.1 61.5 58.0 56.0 60.0 60.4 55.8 62.5 64.3 64.0 54.5 62.2 62.4 61.7 58.8 60.7 64.9 Over 3-month span: 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 64.5 63.6 61.9 64.9 68.4 69.2 61.4 62.8 63.3 67.3 69.9 59.4 64.0 65.6 64.2 68.4 53.1 63.8 66.2 p61.2 66.6 55.2 63.5 63.9 p60.1 67.1 53.2 64.9 61.2 69.0 59.7 64.2 60.1 69.5 60.1 61.5 65.9 66.2 59.1 63.9 67.4 65.6 58.0 64.2 68.1 66.6 56.6 67.0 70.8 66.3 54.6 66.6 71.9 Over 6-month span: 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 70.9 66.4 62.8 67.6 72.1 69.9 60.1 65.4 67.0 p70.8 69.7 59.1 64.7 65.3 p67.7 71.2 57.3 65.7 64.9 70.2 59.0 66.2 65.6 69.8 60.1 65.0 67.3 69.8 57.6 66.4 68.0 70.2 60.4 66.0 67.3 68.7 59.7 66.2 70.6 67.4 59.3 67.6 72.3 66.7 61.1 66.9 73.3 65.4 63.2 66.3 72.6 70.2 63.6 64.5 69.8 71.6 62.4 66.7 67.6 71.8 62.6 64.5 69.2 71.8 63.3 65.6 70.1 72.1 61.7 68.5 69.8 71.8 61.9 67.3 69.8 71.5 58.7 67.7 71.2 72.1 62.2 66.4 71.2 70.1 62.2 68.0 71.1 69.5 61.5 69.9 73.0 66.6 63.5 69.1 p72.5 65.0 65.4 68.3 p72.5 Over 12-month span: 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 56.8 54.7 42.8 49.3 55.8 56.5 54.3 54.7 54.3 51.8 60.1 46.4 48.2 50.0 52.5 59.0 53.2 42.1 56.8 48.6 53.6 42.4 55.4 51.4 p46.0 58.3 44.2 50.7 52.2 p47.8 59.0 46.4 47.1 50.4 55.8 49.6 55.4 48.9 53.6 48.6 47.8 56.5 56.5 52.2 52.9 57.2 58.3 45.3 54.3 56.1 56.8 48.2 55.4 60.8 Over 3-month span: 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 60.4 56.8 43.9 54.3 60.1 63.7 50.0 46.8 49.3 59.0 63.7 47.8 46.0 54.3 50.7 60.4 42.1 47.5 54.0 p46.0 57.6 43.2 46.4 55.4 p42.8 59.7 38.8 49.3 50.4 61.9 40.6 51.4 47.5 56.8 43.5 50.0 52.2 54.3 48.2 53.6 57.9 55.4 47.1 51.1 62.6 60.8 45.3 57.6 64.7 59.0 39.9 54.7 65.5 Over 6-month span: 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 60.4 55.4 42.1 54.3 61.5 62.9 46.4 45.3 54.3 p57.2 61.2 42.8 46.4 51.4 p52.2 62.6 40.3 47.1 52.9 59.4 41.4 48.2 51.4 57.2 42.4 48.6 55.0 57.6 41.0 51.1 56.8 58.6 41.0 50.4 57.6 58.6 43.9 52.9 60.4 54.7 43.2 52.9 64.4 57.2 43.2 53.2 67.6 55.0 45.3 52.2 65.8 57.9 46.0 43.5 57.2 58.6 44.2 47.5 52.5 60.8 46.0 45.3 54.7 60.8 47.8 45.3 56.5 60.8 41.0 50.4 57.9 63.3 41.7 49.6 57.6 59.4 38.5 50.4 58.6 60.1 38.8 48.6 58.6 57.2 36.3 51.1 60.4 56.5 38.5 55.0 60.4 50.4 39.9 54.0 p59.7 49.6 44.6 51.8 p58.3 Over 12-month span: 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
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