Full text of The Employment Situation : June 1988

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Bureau of Labor Statistics

Technical information: (202) 523-1371
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United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 88-331
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
JULY 8, 1988

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JUNE 1988
Employment rose markedly in June and unemployment declined, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Both
the overall and civilian worker jobless rates, which had risen slightly in
May, declined three-tenths of a percentage point, to 5.2 and 5.3 percent,
respectively.
Nonfarm payroll employment, as measured by the monthly survey
business establishments, rose by 345,000 in June. Job gains occurred
most of the major industry divisions. Total civilian employment,
measured by the monthly survey of households, increased by about 800,000
June; this followed a decline of 500,000 in May.

of
in
as
in

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons fell by 330,000 in June to a
seasonally adjusted level of 6.5 million. The civilian worker unemployment
rate of 5.3 percent was down from 5.6 percent in May and was the lowest
figure since May 1974, when it was 5.1 percent. (See table A-2.)
Adult men accounted for about three-fifths of the drop in unemployment
in June, as their jobless rate fell to 4.6 percent. The rest of the
decline occurred among teenagers, whose jobless rate dropped 2 full
percentage points to 13.6 percent. The unemployment rate for adult women
was unchanged at 4.9 percent. There was some improvement in the rates for
blacks (11.5 percent) and whites (4.5 percent), while the rate for
Hispanics (9.0 percent) was unchanged. The rate for black teenagers fell 6
percentage points to 28.4 percent; this rather volatile measure was still
far higher than the 12.0-percent rate for white teens. (See tables A-2 and
A-3.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Civilian employment jumped by 820,000 on a seasonally adjusted basis
to 115.0 million, more than offsetting the 500,000 decrease reported
This large increase was affected in part by the
between April and May.
timing of the survey reference period (the week that contains the 12th day
of the month) which occurred very late in June, allowing exrra time for
students, graduates, and seasonal workers to find jobs. Three-fourths of
the seasonally adjusted increase occurred among youth 16-24 years of age.




- 2 The sharp
employment increase
in June
restored the civilian
employment-population ratio to its April high of 62.3 percent. The number
of persons working at part-time jobs for economic reasons—persons who
would prefer full-time jobs—rose by 470,000 to 5.3 million in June; this
was about the same level as in March. (See tables A-2, A-3, and A-4.)
Table A. Major Indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

Quarterly
averages

Monthly data
MayJune
change

Category
1988
I

1988
Apr.

II

May

June

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Labor force 1/
Total employment 1/..
Civilian labor force...
Civilian employment..
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers..

Thousands of
122,968 123,055
116,352 116,445
121,258 121,323
114,642 114,713
6,610
6,616
62,909
63,131
N.A.
910

persons
122,692
115,909
120,978
114,195
6,783
63,396
N.A.

123,157
116,703
121,472
115,018
6,455
63,090
N.A.

465
794
494
823
-328
-306
N.A.

5.2
5.3
4.6
4.9
13.6
4.5
11.5
9.0

-0.3
-.3
-.3
0
-2.0
-.2
-.9
0

Thousands of jobs
104,670 pl05,544 105,281 pl05,502 pl05,848
25,435 p25,464 p25,569
25,260 p25,489
79,410 p80,054
79,846 p80,038 p80,279

p346
pl05
p241

122,882
115,954
121,142
114,214
6,928
62,825
1,027

Percent of ]Labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/
All civilian workers.

White
Black
Hispanic origin....

5.6
5.7
5.0
5.0
16.0
4.8
12.5
7.9

5.4
' 5.5
4.7
4.9
15.0
4.6
12.0
9.1

5.4
5.4
4.6
4.8
15.9
4.6
12.2
9.3

5.5
5.6
4.9
4.9
15.6
4.7
12.4
9.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm employment
Goods-producing
Service-producing....

Sours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing

34.7
41.0
3.8

p34.8
p41.1
p3.9

I/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
p=preliminary.




34.9
41.2
3.9

p34.7
p41.0
p3.9

p34.8
p41.0
p3.9

pO.l
p0
pO

N.A.=not available.

- 3 The civilian labor force rose by 490,000 to 121,5 million in June,
with teenagers accounting for about three-fifths of the rise. Over the
year, the labor force grew by 1.9 million, about average for the 1980's.
(See tables A-2 and A-3.)
Discouraged Workers
In the second quarter of 1988, there were 910,000 discouraged workers
—persons who were reported as wanting to work but who had not looked for
jobs because they believed they could not find any. This number was the
same as in the fourth quarter of 1987, after rising a bit in the first
quarter of the year. Just under two-thirds of these nonworkers cited jobmarket conditions as their reason for not seeking work, while the rest
cited personal
factors (such as age, education, or other personal
handicap). (See table A-l4.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Employment in nonagricultural establishments rose by 345,000 in June,
Increases were widespread,
reaching 105.8 million, seasonally adjusted.
occurring in all industry divisions except government. (See table B-1.)
After slowing in May, employment in the goods-producing sector resumed
more vigorous growth.
Construction employment rose by 55,000, and
manufacturing jobs increased by 45,000. Within manufacturing., most of the
over-the-month increase was in durable goods, particularly in fabricated
metals and machinery.
Employment gains in the service-producing sector totaled 240,000 in
June.
Increases in services and .retail trade industries were especially
sharp, totaling 160,000 and 75,000, respectively. Smaller, but noteworthy,
increases (25,000 each) also occurred in wholesale trade (especially in the
distribution of durable goods) and transportation and public utilities
(mostly in the transportation component). The continuing growth in these
the strength in factory output.
distributive
industries reflects
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate rose by 15,000, with the
gain concentrated in the real estate component.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls edged up to 34.8 hours in June, seasonally
adjusted, while the factory workweek and overtime were unchanged at 41.0
hours and 3.9 hours, respectively. The factory figures continue to be very
high by historical standards. (See table B-2.)




- 4 The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 125.3 (1977=100), rose 0.7
percent, seasonally adjusted. The index for manufacturing was also up, by
0.4 percent, to 96.1. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers were unchanged in June, seasonally adjusted., while average weekly
earnings rose by nearly a dollar.
Prior to seasonal adjustment, average
hourly earnings declined by 2 cents to $9.23, and average weekly earnings
increased by $3.00 to $323.05. (See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 178.5 (1977=100) in June,
seasonally adjusted, a decrease of 0.1 percent from May. For the 12 months
ended in June, the increase was 3.2 percent.
In dollars of constant
purchasing power, the HEI decreased 0.5 percent during the 12-month period
ending in May.
The HEI is computed so as to exclude the effects of two
types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations
in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. (See table
B-4.)

The Employment Situation for July 1988 will
August 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).




be

released

on

Friday,

Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
e m p l o y m e n t , h o u r s , and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.

that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.

Coverage, definitions, and differences
bstwssn surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at

— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.




The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-1 and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based oil a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Ssasonal adjustmsnt
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
schooPs-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the " t r u e " level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $22.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this" release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment atatua of the population, including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
June
1987

May
1988

June
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

184,421
122,871
66.6
115,216
62.5
1,718
113,498
3,661
109,837
7,655
6.2
61,550

186,088
122,489
65.8
115,936
62.3
1,714
114,222
3,292
110,930
6,553
5.3
63,599

186,247
124,713
67.0
117,894
63.3
1,685
116,209
3,546
112,663
6,819
5.5
61,534

184,421
121,326
65.8
114,018
61.8
1,718
112,300
3,192
109,108
7,308
6.0
63,095

185,705
123,084
66.3
116,145
62.5
1,736
114,409
3,228
111,182
6,938
5.6
62,621

185,847
122,639
66.0
115,839
62.3
1,736
114,103
3,204
110,899
6,801
5.5
63,208

185,964
123,055
66.2
116,445
62.6
1,732
114,713
3,228
111,485
6,610
5.4
62,909

186,088
122,692
65.9
115,909
62.3
1,714
114,195
3,035
111,160
6,783
5.5
63,396

186,247
123,157
66.1
116,703
62.7
1,685
115,018
3,085
111,933
6,455
5.2
63,090

88,442
68,803
77.8
64,604
73.0
1,559
63,045
4,199
6.1

89,287
68,272
76.5
64,696
72.5
1,553
63,143
3,575
5.2

89,367
69,624
77.9
65,996
73.8
1,523
64,473
3,628
5.2

88,442
67,623
76.5
63,543
71.8
1,559
61,984
4,080
6.0

89,099
68,343
76.7
64,636
72.5
1,577
63,059
3,707
5.4

89,168
68,148
76.4
64,332
72.1
1,573
62,759
3,816
5.6

89,225
68,445
76.7
64,892
72.7
1,569
63,323
3,553
5.2

89,287
68,318
76.5
64,583
72.3
1,553
63,030
3,736
5.5

89,367
68,429
76.6
64,934
72.7
1,523
63,411
3,495
5.1

95,979
54,068
56.3
50,612
52.7
159
50,453
3,456
6.4

96,801
54,218
56.0
51,240
52.9
161
51,079
2,978
5.5

96,880
55,089
56.9
51,898
53.6
162
51,736
3,191
5.8

95,979
53,703
56.0
50,475
52.6
159
50,316
3,228
6.0

96,606
54,740
56.7
51,509
53.3
159
51,350
3,231
5.9

96,679
54,491
56.4
51,507
53.3
163
51,344
2,985
5.5

96,739
54,610
56.5
51,553
53.3
163
51,390
3,057
5.6

96,801
54,374
56.2
51,327
53.0
161
51,166
3,047
5.6

96,880
54,728
56.5
51,769
53.4
162
51,607
2,960
5.4

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force

Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces ..*
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




3

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
5
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted ,
Employment status, sex, and age
June
1987

May
1988

June
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

182,703
121,153
66.3
113,498
62.1
7,655
6.3

184,374
120,775
65.5
114,222
62.0
6,553
5.4

184,562
123,028
66.7
116,209
63.0
6,819
5.5

182,703
119,608
65.5
112,300
61.5
7,308
6.1

183,969
121,348
66.0
114,409
62.2
6,938
5.7

184,111
120,903
65.7
114,103
62.0
6,801
5.6

184,232
121,323
65.9
114,713
62.3
6,610
5.4

184,374
120,978
65.6
114,195
61.9
6,783
5.6

184,562
121,472
65.8
115,018
62.3
6,455
5.3

79,536
62,503
78.6
59,184
74.4
2,533
56,651
3,320
5.3

80,402
62,696
78.0
59,745
74.3
2,336
57,409
2,952
4.7

80,526
63,134
78.4
60,350
74.9
2,416
57,934
2,784
4.4

79,536
62,054
78.0
58,632
73.7
2,316
56,316
3,422
5.5

80,203
62,696
78.2
59,625
74.3
2,280
57,344
3,071
4.9

80,260
62,497
77.9
59,407
74.0
2,253
57,154
3,089
4.9

80,326
62,791
78.2
59,883
74.5
2,255
57,627
2,909
4.6

80,402
62,662
77.9
59,590
74.1
2,181
57,409
3,072
4.9

80,526
62,667
77.8
59,797
74.3
2,208
57,588
2,870
4.6

88,546
49,502
55.9
46,896
53.0
711
46,186
2,606
5.3

89,382
50,426
56.4
48,018
53.7
644
47,373
2 r 409
4.8

89,502
50,420
56.3
47,972
53.6
704
47,268
2,448
4.9

88,546
49,722
56.2
47,088
53.2
619
46,469
2,634
5.3

89,178
50,640
56.8
48,005
53.8
654
47,351
2,635
5.2

89,261
50,542
56.6
48,132
53.9
656
47,476
2,411
4.8

89,307
50,612
56.7
48,170
53.9
692
47,478
2,442
4.8

89,382
50,441
56.4
47,960
53.7
587
47,373
2,481
4.9

89,502
50,642
56.6
48,169
53.8
616
47,553
2,473
4.9

14,621
9,147
62.6
7,418
50.7
418.
7,000
1,729
18.9

14,590
7,652
52.4
6,459
44.3
312
6,147
1,193
15.6

14,534
9,474
65.2
7,887
54.3
425
7,461
1,588
16.8

14,621
7,832
53.6
6,580
45.0
257
6,323
1,252
16.0

14,588
8,011
54.9
6,779
46.5
293
6,486
1,232
15.4

14,591
7,865
53.9
6,564
45.0
295
6,269
1,301
16.5

14,598
7,919
54.2
6,660
45.6
280
6,380
1,259
15.9

14,590
7,875
54.0
6,645
45.5
267
6,378
1,230
15.6

14,534
8,163
56.2
7,051
48.5
260
6,791
1,112
13.6

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are* not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population,

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, raca, sex, aga, and
Hispanic origin

June
1987

May
1988

June
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

156,930
104,409
66.5
98,796
63.0
5,613
5.4

158,034
104,125
65.9
99,414
62.9
4,711
4.5

158,166
106,015
67.0
101,069
63.9
4,946
4.7

156,930
103,150
65.7
97,698
62.3
5,452
5.3

157,773
104,530
66.3
99,474
63.0
5,056
4.8

157,868
104,171
66.0
99,274
62.9
4,897
4.7

157,943
104,574
66.2
99,751
63.2
4,824
4.6

158,034
104,209
65.9
99,297
62.8
4,913
4.7

158,166
104,691
66.2
99,932
63.2
4,759
4.5

54,605
79.0
52,097
75.3
2,508
4.6

54,703
78.4
52,523
75.3
2,180
4.0

55,085
78.8
53,016
75.9
2,069
3.8

54,227
78.4
51,591
74.6
2,636
4.9

54,650
78.5
52,389
75.2
2,260
4.1

54,522
78.2
52,245
75.0
2,277
4.2

54,699
78.5
52,538
75.4
2,161
4.0

54,618
78.3
52,314
75.0
2,304
4.2

54,662
78.2
52,491
75.1
2,171
4.0

41,932
55.3
40,076
52.9
1,856
4.4

42,808
56.0
41,145
53.9
1,663
3.9

42,742
55.9
41,018
53.7
1,724
4.0

42,137
55.6
40,265
53.1
1,872
4.4

42,915
56.3
40,985
53.8
1,930
4.5

42,841
56.2
41,183
54.0
1,658
3.9

42,986
56.3
41,297
54.1
1,689
3.9

42,827
56.1
41,104
53.8
1,723
4.0

42,921
56.2
41,183
53.9
1,738
4.0

7,872
65.8
6,623
55.4
1,249
15.9
16.0
15.8

6,614
55.7
5,7*46
48.4
868
13.1
13.0
13.2

8,188
69.0
7,034
59.3
1,154
14.1
14.2
13.9

6,786
56.7
5,842
48.8
944
13.9
14.8
13.0

6,965
58.6
6,100
51.3
865
12.4
12.2
12.7

6,807
57.2
5,845
49.1
962
14.1
15.7
12.4

6,889
58.0
5,916
49.8
973
14.1
14.5
13.7

6,764
57.0
5,879
49.5
885
13.1
13.8
12.4

7,108
59.9
6,258
52.7
850
12.0
12.8
11.1

20,341
13,133
64.6
11,346
55.8
1,787
13.6

20,650
13,042
63.2
11,440
55.4
1,602
12.3

20,683
13,231
64.0
11,597
56.1
1,634
12.4

20,341
12,892
63.4
11,238
55.2
1,654
12.8

20,569
13,168
64.0
11,504
55.9
1,663
12.6

20,596
13,098
63.6
11,420
55.4
1,678
12.8

20,622
13,078
63.4
11,482
55.7
1,597
12.2

20,650
13,069
63.3
11,452
55.5
1,617
12.4

20,683
12,989
62.8
11,489
55.5
1,500
11.5

6,063
75.2
5,375
66.7
688
11.3

6,123
74.7
5,465
66.7
658
10.7

6,128
74.6
5,518
67.2
610
10.0

6,003
74.5
5,319
66.0
684
11.4

6,166
75.6
5,472
67.1
694
11.3

6,127
75.0
5,429
66.4
699
11.4

6,163
75.3
5,511
67.3
652
10.6

6,107
74.5
5,449
66.5
658
10.8

6,064
73.8
5,458
66.5
606
10.0

6,006
59.4
5,338
52.8
668
11.1

6,061
59.0
5,414
52.7
647
10.7

6,043
58.7
5,405
52.5
638
10.6

6,033
59.6
5,349
52.9
684
11.3

6,131
59.9
5,495
53.7
636
10.4

6,136
59.9
5,465
53.3
671
10.9

6,093
59.4
5,407
52.7
686
11.3

6,059
59.0
5,414
52.7
645
10.6

6,074
59.0
5,421
52.7
652
10.7

1,064
49.1
633
29.2
431
40.5
36.4
44.7

857
39.3
560
25.7
297
34.6
33.1
36.7

1,061
48.6
673
30.8
387
36.5
35.1
38.2

856
39.5
570
26.3
286
33.4
31.4
35.4

870
40.0
537
24.7
333
38.3
42.0
34.7

834
38.3
526
24.2
308
36.9
39.0
35.0

822
37.7
564
25.9
258
31.4
27.6
35.5

903
41.4
589
27.0
314
34.8
33.3
36.6

852
39.0
610
28.0
242
28.4
30.4
25.9

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
:
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
:
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

•

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population n tio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

See footnotes at end of table.


HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

June
1987

May
1988

June
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

12,848
8,567
66.7
7,846
61.1
721
8.4

13,268
8,819
66.5
8,058
60.7
762
8.6

13,306
9,132
68.6
8,334
62.6
798
8.7

12,848
8,468
65.9
7,738
60.2
730
8.6

13,153
9,017
68.6
8,268
62.9
749
8.3

13,192
8,803
66.7
8,079
61.2
724
8.2

13,230
8,828
66.7
8,010
60.5
818
9.3

13,268
8,859
66.8
8,058
60.7
801
9.0

13,306
9,027
67.8
8,219
61.8
809
9.0

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Category

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

116,209
40,606
28,426
6,055

112,300
40,120
28,282
6,011

114,409
40,475
28,707
6,157

114,103
40,481
28,805
6,160

114,713
40,459
28,859
6,055

114,195
40,267
28,567
5,957

115,018
40,485
28,713
6,085

1,685
1,419
188

1,862
1,466
217

1,622
1,403
162

1,677
1,414
114

1,648
1,423
142

1,678
1,385
155

1,526
1,346
159

1,562
1,359
167

101,264
16,515
84,749
1,242
83,507
8,286
287

101,786
17,090
84,696
1,180
83,516
8,846
297

103,780
16,672
87,108
1,227
85,881
8,568
315

100,510
16,920
83,590
1,163
82,427
8,293
274

102,683
16,948
85,735
1,170
84,565
8,312
228

102,279
16,908
85,371
1,175
84,196
8,366
248

102,538
17,015
85,523
1,092
84,431
8,637
"281

101,927
16,887
85,040
1,156
83,884
8,917
307

103,000
17,064
85,935
1,150
84,786
8,577
301

All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,723
2,234
3,053
13,278

4,674
2,096
2,215
15,544

5,785
2,251
3,059
13,013

5,254
2,345
2,623
14,836

5,566
2,478
2,598
14,572

5,343
2,520
2,535
14,603

5,194
2,236
2,502
15,016

4,844
2,227
2,315
14,790

5,317
2,364
2,637
14,507

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,395
2,075
2,903
12,718

4,484
2,008
2,126
15,012

5,492
2,098
2,935
12,520

4,979
2,176
2,530
14,334

5,254
2,327
2,457
14,123

5,106
2,325
2,475
14,141

4,924
2,121
2,397
14,592

4,623
2,120
2,236
14,338

5,076
2,199
2,566
14,083

June
1987

May
1988

June
1988

113,498
40,257
27,974
5,987

114,222
40,388
28,681
6,034

1,937
1,514
211

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD

DATA

Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data

Quarterly averages
Measure

1987

1988

198JL

III

JV

Jj

JL

, Apr.

May

, June

1 3

1 3

1 3

1.2

2.5

2.4

2.7

2.5

4.1

4.3

41

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
1.7

1.6

j

1 5

1 4

civilian labor force
3.0

U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.8

2.7

:

2.6

;

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.2

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.1

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force

4.8

U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

5.9

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
Including the resident Armed Forces

6.2

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.4

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force

6.3

6.0

5.9

5.7

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1 / 2 part-time jobseekers plus
1 / 2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1 / 2 of the part-time labor force

8.5

8.2

8.1

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 112 part-time jobseekers
plus 1 / 2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian iabor force plus
discouraged workers less 172 of the part-time labor force

9.3

9.0

8.8

!

5.1

,

5.2

I

49

5.4

5.5

;

5.5

5.4

5.6

5.3

8.0

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.5

8.8

8.3

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

I
5.2

N.A. = not available.

Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates'

Category
June
1987

June
1988

May
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

CHARACTERISTIC
7,308
4,080
3,422
3,228
2,634
1,252

6,783
3,736
3,072
3,047
2,481
1,230

6,455
3,495
2,870
2,960
2,473
1,112

6.1
6.2
5.5
6.0
5.3
16.0

5.7
5.6
4.9
5.9
5.2
15.4

5.6
5.7
4.9
5.5
4.8
16.5

5.4
5.3
4.6
5.6
4.8
15.9

5.6
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.9
15.6

5.3
5.2
4.6
5.4
4.9
13.6

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse- present
Women who maintain families

1,673
1,190
629

1,359
1,157
546

1,311
1,117
515

4.0
4.0
9.5

3.4
4.1
8.3

3.4
4.0
7.5

3.0
3.8
8.7

3.3
3.9
8.4

3.1
3.7
7.8

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2

6,000
1,282

5,418
1,341

5,111
1,345

5.9
7.3
7.1

5.3
7.9
6.6

5.3
7.7
6.5

5.1
7.4
6.2

5.2
7.7
6.4

4.9
7.8
6.3

6.1
7.1
9.5
11.7
5.7
5.4
6.1
5.7
4.8
7.1
4.9
3.4
9.3

5.7
6.9
7.8
11.0
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.1
3.6
6.4
4.5
2.8
10.2

5.6
6.5
7.9
10.7
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
4.2
6.8
4.2
2.8
11.0

5.3
6.5
8.4
10.6
5.3
4.8
6.0
4.7
3.8
5.9
4.1
3.0
10.6

5.7
6.6
10.4
10.5
5.4
4.9
6.0
5.2
4.4
6.3
4.6
2.9
13.9

5.4
6.0
6.7
10.2
4.8
4.4
5.4
5.1
4.1
5.9
4.6
2.8

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-

-

-

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Sen/ice-producing industries
Transportation and public titities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1

5,476
2,036
83
733
1,220
692
528
3,440
295
1,621
1,524
601
166

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for

 2 Aggregate hours


5,099
1,925
80
660
1,185
636
548
3,174
281
1,430
1,463
509
246

4,878
1,758
51
654
1,054
569
485
3,120
273
1,351
1,497
499
168

.

I

!

I 9'7

economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Weeks of unemployment
June
1987

May
1988

June
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

3,754
1,856
2,045
979
1,067

3,035
1,753
1,765
891
874

3,661
1,631
1,527
732
795

3,138
2,151
2,029
973
1,056

3,084
2,145
1,740
841
899

3,009
2,101
1,722
887
835

3,125
1,956
1,540
725
816

3,075
2,110
1,609
784
825

3,066
1,890
1,512
727
785

14.2
5.2

14.4
5.9

12.5
4.7

14.7
6.6

14.4
6.4

13.7
6.6

13.4
5.6

13.8
5.9

12.9
6.0

100.0
49.0
24.2
26.7
12.8
13.9

100.0
46.3
26.8
26.9
13.6
13.3

100.0
53.7
23.9
22.4
10.7
11.7

100.0
42.9
29.4
27.7
13.3
14.4

100.0
44.3
30.8
25.0
12.1
12.9

100.0
44.0
30.8
25.2
13.0
12.2

100.0
47.2
29.5
23.3
10.9
12.3

100.0
45.3
31.1
23.7
11.5
12.1

100.0
47.4
29.2
23.4
11.2
12.1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Reasons
June
1987

May
1988

June
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

•

3,305
776
2,529
896
2,162
1,292

3,058
698
2,360
820
1,835
841

2,848
726
2,122
884
1,876
1,210

3,554
919
2,635
959
1,980
854

3,207
884
2,323
961
1,951
864

3,139
899
2,240
1,075
1,756
887

2,916
821
2,095
993
1,784
915

3,236
793
2,443
926
1,789
807

3,059
863
2,196
944
1,723
777

100.0
43.1
10.1
33.0
11.7
28.2
16.9

100.0
46.7
10.7
36.0
12.5
28.0
12.8

100.0
41.7
10.6
31.1
13.0
27.5
17.8

100.0
48.4
12.5
35.9
13.1
26.9
11.6

100.0
45.9
12.7
33.3
13.8
27.9
12.4

100.0
45.8
13.1
32.7
15.7
25.6
12.9

100.0
44.1
12.4
31.7
15.0
27.0
13.8

100.0
47.9
11.7
36.2
13.7
26.5
11.9

100.0
47.0
13.3
33.8
14.5
26.5
11.9

2.7
.7
1.8
1.1

2.6
.7
1.5
.7

2.3
.7
1.5
1.0

3.0
.8
1.7
.7

2.6
.8
1.6
.7

2.6
.9
1.5
.7

2.4
.8
1.5
.8

2.7
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff .
Other job losers
Job leavers .
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persona by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Sex and age
June
1987

June
1988

May
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

7,308
2,756
1,252
623
657
1,504
4,502
4,042
475

6,783
2,519
1,230
509
720
1,289
4,251
3,744
520

6,455
2,341
1,112
512
627
1,229
4,077
3,654
442

6.1
12.1
16.0
18.8
14.5
10.0
4.7
4.9
3.2

5.7
11.1
15.4
17.4
13.9
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.3

5.6
11.7
16.5
17.6
15.8
9.1
4.2
4.5
2.9

5.4
11.2
15.9
17.8
14.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.9

5.6
11.3
15.6
16.1
15.3
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.5

5.3
10.3
13.6
15.4
12.9
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,080
1,474
658
325
357
816
2,585
2,271
301

3,736
1,354
664
275
388
690
2,363
2,051
323

3,495
1,247
625
290
360
622
2,235
1,940
279

6.2
12.4
16.4
19.1
15.4
10.4
4.8
5.0
3.4

5.6
11.3
15.6
16.9
14.7
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.4

5.7
12.1
17.8
18.5
17.3
9.1
4.3
4.5
3.4

5.3
11.2
15.8
17.2
14.7
8.8
4.1
4.2
3.1

5.6
11.6
16.2
16.7
15.8
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.7

5.2
10.5
14.7
17.0
14.2
8.2
4.1
4.2
3.2

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,228
1,282
594
298
300
688
1,917
1,771
174

3,047
1,166
566
234
332
600
1,888
1,693
197

2,960
1,094
487
222
267
607
1,842
1,714
163

6.0
11.7
15.5
18.4
13.6
9.6
4.5
4.9
2.8

5.9
10.8
15.1
18.0
13.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.1

5.5
11.3
15.2
16.6
14.2
9.1
4.1
4.4
2.3

5.6
11.3
16.0
18.4
13.7
8.7
4.2
4.5
2.7

5.6
11.0
15.0
15.5
14.7
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.2

5.4
10.0
12.4
13.7
11.6
8.7
4.2
4.6
2.6

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment atatua of black and other workera
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

June
1987

May
1988

June
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

25,773
16,744
65.0
14,702
57.0
2,041
12.2
9,029

26,340
16,650
63.2
14,807
56.2
1,843
11.1
9,690

26,396
17,013
64.5
15,140
57.4
1,873
11.0
9,383

25,773
16,474
63.9
14,582
56.6
1,892
11.5
9,299

26,196
16,779
64.1
14,884
56.8
1,895
11.3
9,417

26,243
16,779
63.9
14,853
56.6
1,926
11.5
9,464

26,289
16,733
63.7
14,939
56.8
1,795
10.7
9,556

26,340
16,698
63.4
14,818
56.3
1,879
11.3
9,642

26,396
16,735
63.4
15,017
56.9
1,718
10.3
9,661

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population,

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

Occupation
June
1987

June
1988

June
1987

June
1988

June
1987

June
1988

113,498

116,209

7,655

6,819

6.3

5.5

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

27,233
13,246
13,988

29,181
14,569
14,612

662
338
324

601
309
292

2.4
2.5
2.3

2.0
2.1
2.0

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,386
3,405
13,703
18,278

35,310
3,388
13,885
18,038

1,661
94
698
869

1,478
93
664
721

4.5
2.7
4.8
4.5

4.0
2.7
4.6
3.8

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

15,219
917
2,003
12,300

15,390
941
1,970
12,479

1,298
53
120
1,125

1,162
59
70
1,034

7.9
5.5
5.6
8.4

7.0
5.9
3.4
7.6

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,695
4,389
5,087
4,218

14,087
4,582
5,400
4,105

865
178
460
227

711
150
361
200

5.9
3.9
8.3
5.1

4.8
3.2
6.3
4.7

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,755
8,024
4,750
4,981
855
4,126

18,238
8,346
4,902
4,990
876
4,113

1,626
697
315
614
156
458

1,409
592
282
535
165
370

8.4
8.0
6.2
11.0
15.5
10.0

7.2
6.6
5.4
9.7
15.8
8.3

4,210

4,003

225

212

5.1

5.0

Total, 16 years and over1

Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was

. in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Employed
Number

June
1987

June
1988

June
1988

June
1987

June
1987

June
1988

June
1987

June
1988

Percent of
labor force
June
June
1987
1988

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,840
6,235
935
2,626
2,674
1,605

7,902
5,942
701
2,178
3,063
1,960

7,235
5,956
881
2,523
2,552
1,279

7,249
5,665
668
2,058
2,939
1,584

6,901
5,663
794
2,399
2,470
1,238

7,011
5,467
613
1,994
2,860
1,544

334
293
87
124
82
41

238
198
55
64
79
40

4.6
4.9
9.9
4.9
3.2
3.2

3.3
3.5
8.2
3.1
2.7
2.5

19,414
8,843
6,184
4,387

20,367
9,079
6,799
4,489

18,343
8,476
5,785
4,082

19,190
8,596
6,434
4,160

17,554
8,067
5,584
3,903

18,469
8,232
6,202
4,035

789
409
201
179

721
364
232
125

4.3
4.8
3.5
4.4

3.8
4.2
3.6
3.0

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to




those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population,

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment statue of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted2

Not aeasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

June
1987

May.
1988

June
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May.
1988

June
1988

20,521
13,808
13,059
749
5.4

20,931
14,066
13,251
815
5.8

20,972
14,176
13,405
771
5.4

20,521
13,737
12,970
767
5.6

20,824
14,032
13,279
753
5.4

20,860
13,976
13,272
704
5.0

20,894
14,077
13,362
715
5.1

20,931
14,142
13,251
891
6.3

20,972
14,105
13,315
790
5.6

9,421
5,884
5,571
313
5.3

9,648
6,104
5,816
288
4.7

9,671
6,142
5,847
295
4.8

9,421
5,859
5,558
301
5.1

9,588
6,013
5,695
318
5.3

9,609
6,066
5,771
295
4.9

9,628
6,093
5,773
320
5.3

9,648
6,086
5,780
306
5.0

9,671
6,115
5,831
284
4.6

8,737
5,853
5,399
454
7.8

8,776
5,731
5,336
395
6.9

8,781
5,808
5,405
404
6.9

8,737
5,757
5,328
429
7.5

8,767
5,839
5,401
438
7.5

8,770
5,749
5,330
419
7.3

8,773
5,746
5,332
414
7.2

8,776
5,733
5,352
381
6.6

8,781
5,709
5,332
377
6.6

4,587
3,148
3,050
97
3.1

4,600
3,106
3,022
84
2.7

4,603
3,217
3,106
110
3.4

4,587
3,118
3,019
99
3.2

4,598
3,147
3,041
106
3.4

4,599
3,190
3,096
94
2.9

4,599
3,163
3,072
91
2.9

4,600
3,124
3,036
88
2.8

4,603
3,188
3,076
112
3.5

6,929
4,577
4,169
409
8.9

6,986
4,507
4,212
295
6.5

6,993
4,-594
4,267
326
7.1

6,929
4,533
4,149
384
8.5

6,972
4,530
4,149
381
8.4

6,977
4,488
4,117
371
8.3

6,981
4,556
4,220
336
7.4

6,986
4,498
4,205
293
6.5

6,993
4,553
4,253
300
6.6

6,001
4,042
3,875
167
4.1

6,034
3,966
3,817
149
3.8

6,039
4,024
3,878
147
3.6

6,001
3,974
3,809
165
4.2

6,027
3,991
3,856
135
3.4

6,029
3,985
3,826
159
4.0

6,032
3,969
3,831
138
3.5

6,034
.3,922
3,776
146
3.7

6,039
3,955
3,810
145
3.7

13,755
8,540
8,149
391
4.6

13,770
8,270
7,929
340
4.1

13,774
8,556
8,266
289
3.4

13,755
8,503
8,108
395
4.6

13,769
8,505
8,172
333
3.9

13,770
8,465
8,142
323
3.8

13,769
8,363
8,072
291
3.5

13,770
8,429
8,071
358
4.2

13,774
8,516
8,220
296
3.5

4,807
3,296
3,136
161
4.9

4,875
3,291
3,182
109
3.3

4,883
3,343
3,227
116
3.5

4,807
3,272
3,123
149
4.6

4,858
3,300
3,180
120
3.6

4,864
3,296
3,171
125
3.8

4,869
3,300
3,177
123
3.7

4,875
3,297
3,183
114
3.5

4,883
3,318
3,213
105
3.2

8,154
5,307
4,922
385
7.3

8,194
5,243
4,941
302
5.8

8,199
5,325
5,002
323
6.1

8,154
5,251
4,874
377
7.2

8,184
5,355
5,013
342
6.4

8,188
5,369
4,958
411
7.7

8,190
5,277
4,945
332
6.3

8,194
5,248
4,922
326
6.2

8,199
5,271
4,959
312
5.9

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

New York
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

I
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

June
1987

May.
1988

Seasonally adjusted 2

June
1988

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May.
1988

June
1988

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9,289
5,719
5,365
355
6.2

9,317
5,635
5,355
279
5.0

9,322
5,786
5,461
325
5.6

9,289
5,638
5,314
324
5.7

9,312
5,786
5,486
300
5.2

9,314
5,728
5,435
293
5.1

9,315
5,753
5,477
276
4.8

9,317
5,661
5,375
286
5.1

9,322
5,702
5,410
292
5.1

12,023
8,352
7,549
803
9.6

12,061
8,334
7,729
605
7.3

12,067
8,597
7,911
686
8.0

12,023
8,270
7,559
711
8.6

12,053
8,306
7,610
696
8.4

12,056
8,252
7,582
670
8.1

12,058
8,334
7,711
623
7.5

12,061
8,372
7,770
602
7.2

12,067
8,518
7,926
592
6.9

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally
adjusted
Reason, sex, and race

1988

1988

IV

I

II

62,963

62,899

62,825

63,131

57,008
6,403
4,193
25,550
16,250
4,611

57,490
6,388
4,426
25,646
16,317
4,713

57,408
6,414
4,467
25,513
16,508
4,507

57,414
6,325
4,254
25,289
16,862
4,684

58,015
6,352
4,464
25,756
16,784
4,659

5,590
1,698
842
1,175
842
561
281
1,032

5,871
1,470
914
1,325
1,048
694
354
1,114

5,802
1,556
847
1,274
992
635
357
1,132

5,462
1,389
834
1,234
910
581
329
1,094

5,510
1,310
850
1,182
1,027
700
327
1,141

5,313
1,276
844
1,215
910
589
321
1,068

20,512

20,729

20,681

20,811

20,845

20,856

20,896

18,221

18,636

18,585

18,945

18,878

18,997

18,854

2,291
989
464
408
429

2,092
914
376
379
424

2,062
750
463
428
421

2,064
773
416
431
444

1,918
737
414
358
409

1,971
633
406
462
471

1,872
674
370
403
425

42,283

42,305

42,220

42,152

42,055

41,970

42,235

38,430

39,234

38,423

38,545

38,530

38,417

39,161

3,853
909
444
1,283
563
654

3,498
784
467
1,175
463
609

3,809
720
451
1,325
619
693

3,738
784
431
1,274
561
688

3,545
653
421
1,234
552
685

3,539
677
444
1,182
566
670

3,440
602
474
1,215
507
643

53,523

53,415

53,627

53,771

53,679

53,455

53,557

48,983

49,344

49,284

49,536

49,564

49,536

49,640

4,540
1,451
678
891
666
854

4,071
1,243
636
795
554
843

4,344
1,093
683
959
714
896

4,252
1,062
648
948
643
951

4,045
986
646
909
620
884

4,020
945
644
837
697
897

3,883
905
637
858
593
891

7,433

7,580

7,457

7,326

7,294

7,406

7,606

Do not want a job now

6,090

6,288

6,169

6,088

6,083

6,094

6,372

Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons3

1,342
372
201
332
269
168

1,292
373
200
336
231
152

1,294
315
193
313
298
175

1,237
333
168
275
315
145

1,210
341
165
304
237
163

1,320
351
195
310
266
198

1,242
312
186
318
262
164

1987

1987

1988

II

II

II

III

62,795

63,034

62,901

56,651
5,711
4,319
25,750
16,348
4,523

57,870
5,831
4,587
25,949
16,889
4,614

6,144
1,899
908
1,283
971
667
304
1,083

TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity: Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Job-market factors1
Personal factors2
Other reasons3

Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons3

Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons

White
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons3

Black
Total not in labor force

1
Job-market factors include "could not find job" and "thinks no job
available."
2
Personal factors include "employers think too young or old," "lacks




education or training," and "other personal handicap."
3
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home
responsibilities."

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
T a b l e B - 1 . Employees on n o n a g r i c u l t u r a l p a y r o l l s by i n d u s t r y
( I n thousands)

Not s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d

Seasonallv

adjusted

Industry
June
1987

Apr.
1988

May
1988£/

June
1988fi/

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May 1 June
1 1 9 8 8 a ' ! 1988£/

1 0 2 , 9 1 0 1 0 5 , 1 5 9 1 0 5 , 9 6 9 1 0 6 , 7 0 9 102,,078 104,,729 105,,020 105,,281 105,,502 105,,848

Total

85,861

87,505

88,273

89,346

85,,094

87,,475

87,,700

87,• 973

88,,144

88 j,547

Goods_producing i n d u s t r i e s

24,988

25,180

25,468

25,880

24,,684

25,,271

25,,330

25,,4351 25,,464

25.,569

O i l and gas e x t r a c t i o n

721
400.5

729
414.9

733
416.8

743
422.1

719
404

731
415

733
419

737
421

737
424

741
426

5,081
5,495
5,290
5,176
1,358.6 1,348.0 1,389.8 1,449.3

4,,983
1,,319

5,,150
11,377

5,,192
1,,383

5,,238
1,,400

5,,238
1,,395

5,,294
1,,408

Total private

Construction
General b u i l d i n g c o n t r a c t o r s

19,091
13,024

19,370
13,213

19,445
13,272

19,642
13,432

18,,982
12,,939

19,,390
13,,249

19,,405
13,,251

19,,460
13,,280

19,,489
13,,303

19,,534
13,,349

11,234
7,472

11,433
7,618

11,474
7,654

11,575
7,736

11,,166
7,,417

11,,404
7,,599

11.,411
7,• 598

11,,459
7,,632

11.,475
7.,648

11,,508
7,,683

753.9
514.8
592.4
750.8
272.3
B l a s t f u r n a c e s and b a s i c s t e e l p r o d u c t s .
1,406.6
F a b r i c a t e d metal p r o d u c t s
Machinery, except e l e c t r i c a l
2,022.8
2,071.9
E l e c t r i c a l and e l e c t r o n i c equipment
2,052.5
T r a n s p o r t a t i o n equipment
875.4
Motor v e h i c l e s and equipment
696.9
I n s t r u m e n t s and r e l a t e d p r o d u c t s
371.0
Miscellaneous manufacturing

743.7
534.4
583.8
775.7
280.9
1,439.2
2,115.1
2,108.4
2,044.8
848.4
705.7
381.9

755.6
534.5
590.9
779.2
281.6
1,447.5
2,122.3
2,106.8
2,048,6
854.2
707.2
380.9

773.8
537.1
599.1
786.1
282.8
1,462.0
2,142.7
2,124.1
2,055.0
858.8
711.1
384.1

736
516
580
746
271
1,,400
2,,013
2,,066
2,,047
867
694
368

756
535
584
770
280
1,,438
2, ,091
2,,112
2,,031
837
705
382

755
534
585
772
281
1.,439
2 i,099
2.,115
2,,025
835
705
382

758
535
587
773
281
1.,444
2,,111
2,,117
2,,045
848
706
383

756
537
585
777
281
1,, 448
2 ,118
2 ,115
2.,049
852
709
381

756
539
586
781
281
1.,456
2,,132
2,,118
2,,051
851
708
381

7,857
5,552

7,937
5,595

7,971
5,618

8,067
5,696

7,,816
5,,522

7,,986
5,,650

7,,994
5;,653

8 ,001
5,,648

8.,014
5.,655

8,,026
5,,666

1,624.2
51.4
727.7
p r o d u c t s . . 1,109.0
683.5
1,506.6
1,020.7
167.8
Petroleum and c o a l products
Rubber and misc. p l a s t i c s p r o d u c t s
821.2
L e a t h e r and l e a t h e r p r o d u c t s
144.4

1,590.8
50.5
726.5
1,101.8
684.0
1,555.5
1,052.7
164.1
865.6
145.1

1,605.0
49.1
728.4
1,103.8
686.7
1,556.6
1,058.4
167.1
869.8
146.0

1,652.5
50.1
728.4
1,108.0
695.3
1,566.0
1,070.5
168.3
879.2
148.7

1,,621
55
724
1,,098
677
1,,505
1,,014
165
815
142

1,,649
54
732
1,,104
686
1,,544
1,,049
165
856
147

1,,647
54
729
1,,106
687
1,,548
1,,052
164
860
147

1,,648
54
727
1,,100
687
1,,554
1,,056
165
864
146

1.,644
52
728
1,,100
689
1,,558
1,,061
166
870
146

1,,649
53
725
1.,097
689
1,,564
1,,064
165
873
147

P r o d u c t i o n workers

,

Lumber and wood p r o d u c t s
F u r n i t u r e and f i x t u r e s
Stone* c l a y , and g l a s s p r o d u c t s

Nondurable goods
P r o d u c t i o n workers
Food and k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s
Tobacco manufactures
T e x t i l e m i l l products
Apparel and o t h e r t e x t i l e
Paper and a l l i e d products
P r i n t i n g and p u b l i s h i n g

Service-producing industries

77,922

79,979

80,501

80,829

77,,394

79,,458

79,,690

79,,846

80,,038

80,,279

T r a n s p o r t a t i o n and p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s
Transportation
Communication and p u b l i c u t i l i t i e s

5,398
3,175
2,223

5,511
3,275
2,236

5,561
3,318
2,243

5,615
3,350
2,265

5,,363
3,,153
2,,210

5,,513
3,,272
2,,241

5,,530
3,,285
2,,245

5,,543
3,,298
2,,245

5,,558
3,,311
2,,247

5,,581
3,,330
2,,251

Wholesale t r a d e
Durable goods
Nondurable goods.

5,889
3,450
2,439

6,065
3,603
2,462

6,111
3,635
2,476

6,175
3,672
2,503

5,,860
3,,434
2,,426

6,,035
3,,573
2, ,462

6,,061
3,,591
2,,470

6,,089
3,,610
2,,479

6,,116
3,,635
2, ,481

6,,142
3,,654
2,,488

18,629
2,358.3
2,968.7
2,022.9
6,311.6

18,883
2,448.9
3,015,1
2,055.4
6,313.3

19,124
2,462.2
3,041.5
2,074.2
6,450.2

19,354
2,481.9
3,084.9
2,099.2
6,566.5

,481
2,,418
2, ,962
2, 001
6,,109

19,,045
2, ,561
3,,029
2,, 047
6, 291

19,,050
2,,543
3,,044
2,,055
6,,319

19,,093
2,,546
3,,049
2, 064
6,,326

19,,124
2,,541
3,,054
2,,068
6,,336

19,,200
2,,546
3,,076
2,,076
6, ,357

6,616
3,301
2,025
1,290

6,628
3,292
2,063
1,273

6,651
3,292
2,066
1,293

6,729
3,322
2,075
1,332

61,553
3, 280
2,,019
1,,254

6, 636
3,, 305
2, ,053
1,,278

6,,651
3,,306
2,,060
1,,285

6,,650
3,,302
2,,065
1,,283

6,,650
3,,299
2,,066
1,,285

6, ,665
3,,302
2,,069
1,,294

24,341 25,238 25,358 25,593
5,188.8 5,381.9 5,431.0 5,501.6
6,831.3 7,112.1 7,142.5 7,226.5

24,,153
5, 164
6, 806

24,,975
5,,385
7,,056

25,,078
5,,405
7,,088

25,,163
5,,420
7,,126

25,,232
5,,442
7,,150

25,,390
5,,474
7, ,198

16,.984
2,,939
3,,946
10,,099

17,,254
2, ,972
4,,014
10,,268

17,,320
2,,970
4,,031
10,,319

17,,308
2,,963
4,,041
10,,304

17,,358
2, ,960
4,,041
10,,357

17, ,301
2, ,944
4,,037
10,,320

Retail trade.
General merchandise s t o r e s
Food s t o r e s
f
Automotive d e a l e r s and s e r v i c e s t a t i o n s . . .
E a t i n g and d r i n k i n g p l a c e s
F i n a n c e , i n s u r a n c e , and r e a l e s t a t e
Finance
Insurance
Real e s t a t e
Services
Business s e r v i c e s
Health services
Government
Federal
State
Local
P

= preliminary.




,

17,051
2,976
3,832
10,243

17,654
2,963
4,150
10,541

17,696
17,363
2,972
2,979
4,098
3,920
10,6261 1 0 , 4 6 4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT

DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers.!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
June
1987
Total private

Apr.
1988

May
1988fi/

June
1988j>/

June
1987

Feb.
1988

Mar.
1988

May
1988£/

June
1988fi/

34,9

34.7

34.8

(2)

(2)

(2)

Apr.
1988

35.0

34,7

34.6

35.0

34.7

34.8

34.6

42.3

42.8

42.1

42.3

(2)

(2)

(2)

Construction

38.1

37.9

38,3

38,7

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

C2)

Manufacturing

41.1
3.7

41.0
3.7

40.9
3,7

41,1
3.9

41.0
3.7

41.0
3.7

40.9
3.7

41.2
3.9

41.0
3.9

41.0
3.9

41.7
3.8

41.7
4.0

41.7
4.0

41,9
4,1

41,5
3.8

41.5
3.8

41.5
3.8

42.0
4.2

41.8
4.2

41.7
4.1

41.3
40.0
42.5
43.1
43.4
41.7
42.4
41.0
41.9
42,0
41.5
39.4

40.6
39.1
42.5
43.5
44.0
41.7
42.6
40.8
42.9
44.1
41.5
39.1

40.4
39.0
42.8
43.6
43.9
41.7
42.4
40.7
43.1
44.3
41.2
39.0

40.7
39.2
42.7
43.9
45.1
42.0
42.5
41.0
42.8
44.0
41.4
39.2

40.6
40.0
42.0
43,0
43,2
41.6
42.3
40.9
41.9
42.0
41,4
39,4

40.3
39.5
42.3
43.1
43.8
41.6
42.6
40.9
42.0
42.3
41.3
39,3

40.1
39.3
42.3
43.3
43.7
41.6
42.5
40.9
42.1
42.3
41.4
39.2

40.6
39.5
42.5
43.5
43.8
42.0
42.8
41.2
43.0
44,1
41.8
39,4

40.0
39.4
42.3
43.7
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.1
44.0
41.4
39.2

40,0
39.2
42,3
43.8
44,9
41.9
42.4
41.0
42.8
44.0
41.3
39.2

40.3
3.6

39.9
3.4

39,9
3.4

40.1
3.6

40.2
3.6

40.2
3.6

40.1
3.6

40.3
3.6

40.0
3.6

40.1
3.6

40.1
41.2
42.4
37.3
43.3
37.6
42.2
43.6
41.8
39.5

39.5
38.5
41.0
36.8
43.0
38.0
42.1
44.4
41.8
37.0

40.2
39.4
40.6
36.8
43.1
37.5
41.9
43.8
41.6
37,7

40.4
39.6
40,9
37,2
43,0
37,7
42.4
44.3
41.7
37.9

40.1
(2)
42.1
37.0
43.4
38,0
42.2
(2)
41.7
38.5

40.3
(2)
41.6
37,0
43.3
38,1
42.4
(2)
41.6
37.8

40.1
(2)
41.2
37.0
43.2
38,1
42,5
(2)
41.7
37,9

40.1
(2)
41,6
37,4
43,3
38.2
42.1
(2)
42.0
37.3

40.2
(2)
40.7
36.8
43.3
37.7
41.9
(2)
41.7
37.4

40.4
(2)
40.6
36.9
43.1
38.1
42.4
(2)
41.6
36.9

Transportation and public utilities

39.2

39.2

39,0

39.5

39.0

39.1

38.8

39.5

39.2

39.3

Wholesale trade

38.3

38.2

38,0

38.2

38.1

38.2

38.1

3 8.3

38.0

38.0

29.6

28.9

28,9

29.5

29.2

29.1

29.0

29.2

29.0

29.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate

36.4

36.2

35,7

35.8

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Services

32.7

32.6 j

32,4

32.7

32.5

32.7

32.4

32.7

32.5

32.5

Durable goods
Overtime hours.

, .

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment.
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

J/

Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance;
insurance* and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximatly four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonagricultural payrolls.




2/ These series are net published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be sepai—
ted with sufficent precision.
P = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table 1-3. Averege hourly end weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!./ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Seasonally adjusted
Mining,

June
1987

Apr.
1988

$8..91
8.,95

May
1988fi/

June
1988fi/

$9..23
9..23

$9..25
9..27

$9. 23
9,.27

12..52

12..60

12,.52

12,.54

529 .60

539,.28

527..09

530 .44

12 .66

12 .88

12,.88

12..90

482,.35

488..15

493,.30

499 .23

June
1987

Apr.
1988

May
1988^/

June
1988fi/

$311,.85 $320..28 $320,.05 $323 .05
310,.57 322..13 321..67 322 .60

9,.87

10 .12

10 .14

10..16

405 .66

414 .92

414 .73

417 .58

10,.40
8..43
7,.66
10 .28
11 .91
13 .75
9,.98
10 .68
9 83
12 .87
13 .47
9 .66
7 .75

10..65
8..50
7,.81
10 .41
12,.11
13 .94
10 .22
10 .8*
10 .09
13 .28
14 .09
9 .89
7 .92

10,.67
8..53
7,.87
10,.44
1? ,14
13 .96
10 .23
10,.90
10 .12
13 .32
14 .10
9 .88
7 .95

10..69
8..57
7,.89
10,.45
12,.14
13..88
10..25
10..93
10,.13
13 .38
14,.18
9,.91
7 .96

433 .68
348,.16
306,.40
436,.90
513,.32
596..75
416 .17
452 .83
403 .03
539 .25
565 .?4
400 .89
305..35

444,.11
345..10
305..37
442..43
526..79
613..36
426,.17
463,.49
411,.67
569,.71
621..37
410..44
309 .67

444,.94
344,.61
306,.93
446,.83
529,.30
612..84
426..59
462..16
411,.88
574,.09
624,.63
407,.06
310,.05

447,.91
348,.80
309,.29
446..22
532..95
625..99
430..50
464..53
415..33
572..66
623..92
410,.27
312,.03

9 .13
8,,92
15 .85
7 .13
5 .89
11 .42
10 .19
12 .28
14 .44
8 .89
6 .09

9 .37
9 .14
14,.98
7 .35
6 .04
11 .60
10 .40
12 .57
15 .00
9 .04
6 .29

9,.37
9,.15
15 .26
7 .31
6 .04
11 .63
10 .43
12 .57
14 .90
9 .05
6 .26

9..40
9 .15
15 .97
7,.32
6 .08
11 .60
10 .43
12 .62
15 .07
9 .09
6 .27

367 .94
357 .69
653 .02
302 .31
219 .70
494 .49
383 .14
518 .22
629 .58
371 ,60
240 .56

373..86
361..03
576..73
301..35
222 .27
498,.80
395,.20
529 .20
666,.00
377,.87
232,.73

373,.86
367..83
601,.24
296..79
222,.27
501,.25
391,.13
526..68
652..62
376,.48
236..00

376,.94
369..66
632,.41
299,.39
226,.18
498,.80
393,.21
535,.09
667,.60
379..05
237..63

11 .94

12 .27

12 .25

12 .20

468 .05

480,.98

477..75

481..90

9 .54

9,.88

9,.87

9..85

365..38

377,.42

375..06

376..27

Retell trede

6 .08

6,.26

6,.27

6..27

179..97

180..91

181.,20

184.,97

Finenee, insurance* and real estate

8 .63

9 .03

9 .09

8, 95

314,.13

326.,89

324..51

320..41

Services.

8 .37

8 .82

8 .84

8 .78

273,.70

287..53

286..42

287..11

Manufacturing.
Lumber and wood products
Stone* clay, end glass products
Primary metal industries
Bleat furnaces and basic steel products..
Machinery* except electrical
Electrical end electronic equipment........
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles end equipment
Instruments end releted products
Miscellaneous mamifectiiring.,
Nondurable goads
Food and kindred products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper end allied products
Printing end publishing....
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber end misc. plestics products
(.aether end leather products.....
Transportation end public utilities

K

See footnote 1, teble B-2.

pa

preliminary.

Table 1-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by
industry
(1977*100)
Not seasonally

Industry
June
1987

Apr.
1988

May
1988p

adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Percent
change
from*
June
June
1988P 1 9 8 7 June
1988

June
1987

178. J
N,A.
185.0
157,9
178.7
179,2
181.6
165.7
193.6
188.3

172.9
93.8
(4)
155.4
174,5
175.6
(4)
160.6
(4)
180.2

Feb.
1988

172.4
93.5
181.9
1$4.8
174-5
174.7
176.3
160.4
185,4
179.3

^ footnote l.tabta 8-2
Changa if -.5 parcantfontMay 19S7lo Mey 19M,tolelMit month avalabfe.
SChanga n - .1 pareant Irom April 19M a 1% 19M, tw blast monft avaMbJa.
4
ThaMsafma«tMaaaaonaNy«ijucbdi<noalhasMMf^
2




178.1
93.8
184.6
157.4
178.2
180.2
182.3
165.2
194.8
188.5

178.6
93.6
184.1
157.7
178.5
18Q.0
182,3
165.7
196.0
189.4

3.2
(2)
1.7
2.0
2.4
2.6
3.0
3.3
4.5
5.0

May
1988p

Percent
change
from:
June
May
1988p 1988June
1988

178.6
93.5
(4)
157.7
178.3
181.1
(4)
165.4
(4)
189.8

178.5
N.A.
(4)
158.3
178.8
180.1
(4)
165.9
(4)
189.2

1
I

Total private nonfarmJ
Constant C1977) dollars
Mining.
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation end public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance*insurenee, and real estate.

1
1
1
1
Mar. j Apr.
1988 j 1988

176.7
93.7
(4)
156.8
177.0
179.1
(4)
163.4
(4)
186.3

' 1
177.01
93.51
(4)|
157.51
177.31
179.41
(4)|
163.81
(4)|
186.91
1

178.0
93.6
(4)
157.8
177.9
180.6
(4)
164.8
(4)
188.3

componan* and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
N.A. Data not available
P '

-0.1
(3)
(4)
.4
.3
-.5
(4)
.3
(4)
-.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT

DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
June
1987

Apr.
1988

May
June
1988£/ 1988j3/

1
Mar. 1 Apr.
1988 J 1988

June j Feb.
1987 I 1988

Total private

122 .5

123 .611 124,.4

127,.2

120. 51 123 .9

Goods-producing industries

100 .6

100 .8

102..4

105 .0

98. 7| 101 .1

81 .1

83 .8

83..0

84 .5

140 .5

135 .4

143,.5

151 .7

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

82 .5

6

125 .

. 6

83 .21

132. 7| 136 .0

139 .

1

1 124 .4

125 .3

102 .7

102 .1

103 .0

85 .9

83 .9

84 .4

141 .1

139 .8

143 .6

1

93 .8

94 .9

95 .3

96 .9

93. 0|

95 .2

95 .2

95 .7

96,.1

91 .4
106 .3
110 .3
88 .8
63 .9
51 .1
88 .7
86 .1
99 .6
99 .2
88 .8
103 .1
82 .2

93 .4
102 .5
111 .9
87 .7
67 .8
54 .7
91 .0
91 .4
101 .4
100 .0
90 .3
105 .8
84 .0

93,.8
103,.9
111,.4
89,.7
68,.3
54,.7
91,.7
91,.5
101,.2
100..6
91,.3
105,.3
83 .4

95 .1
107 .3
112 .7
90,.8
69 .3
56 .2
,
93,.6
92,.4
103 .1
100 .4
91 .4
106 .9
84 .7

90. 4|
101. 9!
110. 8|
85. 51
63. 41
50. 21
88. 01
85. 4|
99. 3|
98. 8!
87. 4|
102. 01
81. 6|

92 .7
103 .6
113 .2
87,.3
66,.4
53,.9
90 .8
90 .2
101 .8
97 .3
85 .7
105 .0
84 .8

92 .7
103 . 1
112 .3
87,.5
66 .9
54 .1
90 .8
90,.4
101,.9
96,.8
84,.8
105,.2
84 .5

94 . 0 I
104 .7
113 .2
88 .3
67 .6
54,.8
91,.8
91,.5
102,.8
100,.0
89,.8
106 .5
,
85 .0

93 .9
103 .0
113 .7
,
87 .5
68,.2
54,,6
92,.1
91..6
102,,2
100,,3
90, 0
106 .1
.
83,.9

94,.1
103 .0
113,.1
87 .7
,
68,.8
55,.9
92,.8
91,.7
102..9
99..9
90..3
106 ,1
.
83..9

97 .4
99 .1
72 .4
83 .7
86 .7
101 .3
129 .8
94 .1
85 .7
1 116 .3
59 .5

97 .2
95 .0
66 .7
80 .9
85 .0
100 .2
136 .3
97 .2
84 .0
122 .7
54 .8

97,.6
97 .5
66 .1
80 .2
85 .1
100 .5
134 .3
97 .3
85 .4
122,.8
56,.5

99 .6
101 .9
67 .6
80 .8
86 .3
102 .2
135 .4
99 .7
87 .5
124,.5
57,.8

96. 71
99. 21
75. 8|
82. 71
85. 01
100. 4|
130. 9|
93. 4|
83. 9|
115. 1 1
56. 81

99 .0
101 .7
75 .8
82 .7
85 .5
101 .5
135 .5
97 .1
84 .5
121,.0
57 .2

98,.8
100 .9
74,.8
81,.7
85 .7
101,.3
136,.0
97 .9
,
83,.5
121,.8
56,.9

99,.1
101 .0
73 .8
82 .2
86 .2
101,.4
136,.5
97,.1
84,.9
122,.9
55,.5

98,.4
101,.0
70,.9
80,.4
84,.8
101..4
134..7
97 .3
,
84,.7
.9
122.
56..1

98..9
101..9
71..0
79..8
84..7
101. 3
136 .8
98. 8
85.,3
123. 4
55.,4

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

80. 81

123 .
101

May
June
1988£>/ 1988p/

Service-producing industries

96 .

1

134 .6

136 .1

136,.6

139,.5

132. 51 136,.4

135..8

137.,4

136..7

137. 6

Transportation and public utilities

109 .9

111 .9

112,.5

115,.4

108. 41 111,.8

111..2

113.,5

113. 0

113.,9

Wholesale trade

120 .2

123 .8

124 .2

126 .2

118. 91 123 .1

123,.6

124,.8

124..3

124..9

Retail trade

124 .8

123 .2

124, 8

128,.6

122. 21 125,.2

124..8

126..0 I 125..1

126..4

Finance, insurance, and real estate

143 .5

140 .6

139,.2

141,.6

141. 61 141,.6 ! 139,.6

141..1 1 139..5

139..8

Services

154 .2

158 .8

158,.9

161..5

152. 1

158,. 0 ! 157..2

159. 0 I 158.,4
1I

159. 4

1

II

1/

|

P = preliminary.

See footnote 1, table B-2

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusions Percent of industries in which employment!/ increased
Jan.

Time span

Feb.

Mar.

May

1 Apr.

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1-month span:
1986
1987
1988

57 .0
,
50,.8
61,.6

47 .3
.
59.,2
61..6

49.,5 1
61..1 1
62..2 1

50.,8
62..4
63.8

51.9
62.4
E/57.6

46.8
61.6
E/65.4

51.9
70.8

54..1
62..2

51. 4
68. 1

53,.0
67 .3
,

58 .9
67,.8

58 .9
68,.4

Over 3-month span:
1986
1987
1988

50,.0
57 .6
,
71,.6

47 .6
,
57 .0
,
66,.8

45,.7 I 46..2
65,.1 1 69..2
67 .0
, IE/67..0

46.2
68.1
2/ 6 7 . 6

46.2
71.9

48.1
73.8

51..9
76,.8

50. 5
74. 1

55 .9
76 .5

59,.7
78 .1

59 .2
73 .0

Over 6-month span:
1986
1987
1988

48 .1
64 ,6
73 .5

47,.3
64 .3
E / 7 0 .0

43,.8 1
63,.0 1
E / 6 8 .4

42,.7
70,.3

43.2
72.4

47.0
77.3

46.5
78.4

50,.0
79,.7

55. 9
82. 7

53 .2
77 .8

55 .9
77 .0

58 .4
76,.5

42 .2
63 .8

41 .6
67 .3

43 .8 1
69 .5 1

44 .9
73,.5

45.7 j
76.8

48.6
76.8

46 .8
78.9

48 .6
78 .9

51. 6
79. 7 1
1
I

53 .8
78 .4

Over 12-month span:
1986
1987
1988

!

1/ Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3,
and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries. Data for the 12-month span
are unadjusted.




57 .8
,
56 .5 1
E / 7 8 .1 1l E / 8 0 , .8
1
1
I

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries
with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged
components are counted as rising.) Data are
centered within the spans.
p=preliminary.