Full text of The Employment Situation : June 1977

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact:

J. Bregger

(202)

K. Hoyle

(202)

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USDL 77-610
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A. M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
JULY 8, 1977

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

JUNE 1977

Both employment and unemployment increased in June, it was reported today by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Department of Labor.

The overall rate of

unemployment was 7.1 percent, up slightly from the 6.9-percent rate in May but still
below the levels prevailing early in the year.
Total e m p l o y m e n t — a s measured by the monthly survey of h o u s e h o l d s — c o n t i n u e d
expand markedly, with an increase of 270,000 in June to 90.7 million.

to

Employment has

advanced by 2.9 million over the past 8 months; this strong growth brought the employment-population ratio close to the record highs of early 1974.
Nonagricultural payroll e m p l o y m e n t — a s measured by the monthly survey of establishm e n t s — i n c r e a s e d by 135,000 in June to 82.1 million.

Although not as large as household

survey employment gains, establishment survey job growth has also been substantial since
O c t o b e r — 2 . 2 million.
Unemp loyment
%

O

After adjustment for seasonality, unemployment rose by 210,000 in June to
lion.

mil-

The overall unemployment rate edged up from 6.9 percent in May to 7.1 percent in

June, after declining almost continuously from the 1976 high of 8.0 percent recorded in
November.

Most of the June increase took place among adult women, whose jobless rate rose

from 6.6 to 7.2 percent; this returned their rate to the February-March levels.

There was

also a small increase in joblessness among teenagers, likewise a return to levels prevailing earlier this year.

The unemployment rate for adult men, on the other hand,

declined from 5.3 percent in May to 5.0 percent, the same as the April rate.

Whereas

unemployment rates for the three major age-sex groups posted over-the-month movements,
the rates for full-time workers and job losers held about steady at levels that were a
full percentage point below those at the end of 1976.




(See tables A-l and A-2.)

- 2The number of persons looking for w o r k for 15 or m o r e w e e k s — t h e
p l o y e d — d r o p p e d by 100,000 to 1.7 m i l l i o n in June.
775,000 since the end of last y e a r .

long-term u n e m -

Their number has been reduced by

In contrast, there w a s a sizeable M a y - J u n e

in the number of those unemployed for less than 5 weeks

(275,000).

The average

increase
(mean)

duration of unemployment moved down from 14.9 to 14.4 weeks over the m o n t h , about
same as the A p r i l level and 2-h w e e k s lower

^han a year ago.

the

(See table A - 4 . )

Table A . Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data

Quarterly averages
Selected categories

1976
II

III

IV

I

II

Apr.

May

June

Thousands of persons

HOUSEHOLD D A T A

Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers

1977

1977

94,544
87,501
7,043
59,032
903

95,261
87,804
7,457
58,963
827

95,711
88,133
7,578
59,132
992

96,067
88,998
7,068
59,379
92 9

97,186
90,370
6,816
58,908
1,061

96,760 97,158
90,023 90,408
6,737
6,750
59,094 58,943
N.A.
N.A.

97,641
90,679
6,962
58,686
N.A.

Percent of labor f o r c e

Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Aduit women
Teenagers
White
Black and other
Hoiisehold heads
Fuii-ti me workers

7.4
5.7
7.1
18.8
6.8
12.9
4.9
7.0

7.8
6.0
7.7
18.8
7.1
13.1
5.3
7.4

7.9
6.2
7.6
19.1
7.2
13.4
5.3
7.5

7.0
5.1
6.9
18.1
6.3
12.8
4.4
6.5

7.0
5.0
7.0
17.8
6.3
12.3
4.4
6.5

6.9
5.3
6.6
17.9
6.2
12.9
4.5
6.5

7.1
5.0
7.2
18.6
6.3
13.2
4.3
6.5

Thousands of jobs

CQT
RLI l d
iQ
MVM
nA
i.O
1A
MO
nl
I CFIMv T1 U
M T1AM

INicnfarm payroll employment . . .
Goods-producing industries. . .
Service-producing industries . .

7.4
5.6
7.1
18.6
6.7
12.8
4.8
6.8

79,333
23,380
55,953

79,683
23,372
56,311

80,090
23,440
56,650

80,927
23,765
57,162

81,887p
24,286p
57,601p

81,686 81,921p
24,217 24,310p
57,469 57,611p

82,056p
24,332p
57,724p

Hours of w o r k

Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
p=preliminary.




36.2
40.0
3.0

36.1
39.9
3.0

36.2
40.0
3.1

36.1
40.1
3.3

36.2p
40.4p
3. 4p

36.2
40.3
3.4

N . A . = n o t available.

36.3p
40.4p
3.4p

36.2p
40. 5p
3. 4p

- 3Total Employment and the Labor Force
Total employment rose for the eighth consecutive month, increasing by 270,000 in
June to 90.7 million, seasonally adjusted.

Adult men and teenagers accounted for the

over-the-month gain, which took place entirely among workers in nonagricultural
(See table A-l.)

industrie

Employment has advanced by 3.2 million over the past 12 months, more

than 70 percent of which has occurred in 1977.
The employment-population r a t i o — t h e proportion of the total noninstitutional population that is e m p ± o y e d — s u s t a i n e d its recent steady rise and, at 57.2 percent, was just
0.2 percentage point below the alltime high last reached in March 1974.
As usually occurs at this time of year, the civilian labor force rose markedly from
May to June.

The increase this June was greater than normal, and, after adjustment for

seasonality, there was a gain of 480,000 in the labor force to 97.6 million.

Since last

June, the labor force has grown by 2.9 million, a particularly large over-the-year gain;
adult women accounted for 1.4 million of the increase, while the adult male labor force
rose by 1.0 million.
The civilian labor force participation r a t e — t h e proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population either working or seeking w o r k — r o s e to a new high of 62.5 percem
in June, nearly a full percentage point above the year-earlier level.

(See table A-l.)

Discouraged Workers
Discouraged workers are persons who report that they want work but are not looking
for jobs because they believe they cannot find any.

Because they do not meet the labor

market t e s t — t h a t is, they are not engaged in active job s e a r c h — t h e y are classified as
not in the labor force rather than as unemployed.

These data are published on a

quarterly basis.
While movements in discouraged workers generally parallel those in unemployment,
there was a rise of 130,000 in their number in the second quarter at the same time that
unemployment declined by 250,000.

At nearly 1.1 million, the discouraged total was the

highest since the third quarter of 1975.

About 730,000 (or nearly 70 percent) of them

indicated job-market factors as their reason for not seeking work, an increase of 80,000
over the quarter.




(See table A-8.)

- 4Industry Payroll Employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment increased by 135,000 in June to 82.1
million, seasonally adjusted.

Over-the-month employment gains took place in 52 percent

of the industries that comprise the BLS diffusion index of nonagricultural payroll
employment.

(See tables B-l and B-6.)

Paralleling the developments in total employment
payroll jobs has risen for 8 consecutive months.

(household data), the number of

Payroll employment has grown by 2.7

million over the past year, with nearly two-thirds of the increase occurring

since

December.
The largest May-June increase was in services, where employment rose by 75,000; this
was in marked contrast to developments o± the prior 3 months, when manufacturing was the
largest single contributor to the employment growth.
in government and contract construction.

There were also over-the-month gains

Manufacturing employment, which had shown strong

gains since last October, edged down in June.

All of the decline occurred in the non-

durable goods sector, primarily in food processing.
Hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls edged down 0.1 hour to 36.2 hours in June, seasonally adjusted.
table B-2.)

(See

With the exception of last January's weather-induced decline in average

hours, the workweek has remained at the 36.2-36.3 level since last November.

The

manufacturing workweek increased slightly in June, while factory overtime remained at
3.4 hours; both were up by half an hour since October.
The index of aggregate hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on nonagricultural payrolls declined by 0.3 percent in June to 115.7 (1967=100).
drop, the index was 3.7 percent above the year-ago level.

Despite the

The manufacturing

index

moved up 0.2 percent in June to 98.6 and was up 4.2 percent over the past year.

(See

table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Both average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls were little cnanged in June on a seasonally-adjusted




- 5basis.

Hourly and weekly earnings were, respectively, 7.4 and 7.7 percent higher than a

year earlier.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings were $5.20 in June, up
1 cent from May and 35 cents from a year earlier.

Average weekly earnings were $189.28,

an increase of $1.92 over the month and $12.74 from the June 1976 level.

(See table B-3.)

The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings I n d e x — e a r n i n g s adjusted for overtime in manufacturing,
ality, and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and
i n d u s t r i e s — w a s 196.9 (1967=100) in June, 0.3 percent higher than in May.
was 6.8 percent above June a year ago.




low-wage

The index

During the 12-month period ended in May, the

Hourly Earnings Index in dollars of constant purchasing power rose 0.1 percent.
table B-4.)

season-

(See

Explanatory Note
This release presents and analyzes statistics f r o m t w o

includes

all

persons w h o

satisfactorily

meet the

above

major surveys. Data on labor f o r c e , total e m p l o y m e n t , and

criteria, regardless of their eligibility f o r

unemployment

tables) are derived f r o m the Current

insurance benefits or any kind of public assistance. T h e

Population Survey, a sample survey of households conducted

unemployment rate represents the unemployed as a pro-

by

the Bureau

(A

of the Census f o r the Bureau of

Labor

Statistics. T h e sample consists of about 47,000 households
selected

to

represent

the

U.S.

civilian

noninstitutional

unemployment

portion of the civilian labor f o r c e (the e m p l o y e d and unemployed c o m b i n e d ) .
T o meet the extensive needs of data users, the Bureau
regularly publishes data on a wide variety of labor market

population 16 years of age and over.
Statistics on nonagricultural payroll e m p l o y m e n t , hours,

indicators—see,

f o r example, the demographic, occupa-

and earnings (B tables) are collected by the Bureau of Labor

tional, and industry detail in tables A - 2 and A - 3 . A special

Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies, f r o m payroll

grouping of seven unemployment measures is set forth in

records

of

a sample

of

approximately

165,000

estab-

table A - 7 .

Identified

by

the symbols U-1 through

U-7,

lishments. Unless otherwise indicated, data f o r both series

these measures represent a range of possible definitions of

relate t o the week containing the 12th day of the specified

unemployment and of the labor f o r c e , extending f r o m the
most restrictive (U-1) t o the most comprehensive ( U - 7 ) . The

month.

official rate of unemployment appears as U-5.

Comparability of household and payroll employment
statistics

Seasonal adjustment

Employment data f r o m the household and payroll surveys differ in several basic respects. T h e household survey
provides information

on the labor force activity of

the

entire population 16 years of age and over, without duplication, since each person is classified as e m p l o y e d , unemployed, or not in the labor f o r c e .
T h e payroll survey relates only t o paid wage and salary
employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. The household survey counts employed persons in both agriculture and in nonagricultural
industries and, in addition to wage and salary workers (including

private

employed,

household

workers),

includes

the

self-

unpaid family workers, and persons " w i t h a

job but not at w o r k " and not paid f o r the period absent.
Persons w h o worked at more than one j o b during the survey week or otherwise appear on more than one payroll are
counted more than once in the establishment survey. Such
persons are counted only once in the household survey and
are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours.

Unemployment
T o be classified in the household survey as unemployed

Nearly all economic phenomena are affected t o some
degree b y

seasonal

variations. These are recurring, pre-

dictable events which are repeated more or less regularly
each y e a r — c h a n g e s

in weather, school vacations, major

holidays, industry production schedules, etc. T h e cumulative
effects of these events are often large. For example, on average over the year, they explain about 9 0 percent o f the
month-to-month

variance

in the

unemployment

figures.

Since seasonal variations tend to be large relative t o the
underlying cyclical trends, it is necessary t o use seasonallyadjusted data to interpret short-term economic
ments. A t

the

develop-

beginning of each year, current seasonal

adjustment factors f o r unemployment and other labor f o r c e
series are calculated taking into account the prior year's
experience, and revised data are introduced in the release
containing January data.
All seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major e m p l o y m e n t
and unemployment estimates, are^computed by aggregating
independently adjusted series. T h e official unemployment
rate f o r all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate f o r total unemployment (the sum of four seasonallyadjusted age-sex components) by the civilian labor force

an individual must: ( 1 ) have been without a j o b during the

(the sum o f

survey w e e k , ( 2 ) have made specific e f f o r t s t o find em-

Several

12 seasonally-adjusted age-sex components).

ployment sometime during the prior 4 weeks, and ( 3 ) be

overall unemployment rate are also used on a regular basis

alternative

methods

f o r seasonally adjusting the

presently available f o r w o r k . In addition, persons on lay-

in order t o illustrate the degree of uncertainty that arises

o f f and those waiting t o begin a new j o b (within 30 days)

because of the seasonal adjustment procedure. A m o n g these

are also classified as unemployed. T h e unemployed total

alternative methods are five different age-sex adjustments,




including a concurrent adjustment and one based on stable

sample of the population is surveyed. Tables A-E in the

factors and f o u r based on other unemployment aggregations.

"Explanatory N o t e s " of Employment

Alternative rates f o r 1976 are shown in the table at the end

standard errors f o r unemployment and other labor force

of this note. (Current alternative rates and an explanation of

categories.

the methods may be obtained f r o m B L S upon request.)
For establishment
for

all

employees,

workers, average

provide

Although the relatively large size o f the monthly estab-

data, the seasonally-adjusted series
production

and Earnings

lishment survey assures a high degree of accuracy, the esti-

weekly

mates derived

f r o m it also may d i f f e r f r o m the figures

hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted by aggre-

obtained if a complete census using the same schedules

gating

and

the

seasonally-adjusted

data f r o m the

respective

procedures were

possible.

Moreover, since the esti-

component series. These data are revised annually, usually

mating procedures e m p l o y the previous month's level as

in conjunction with

the base in computing the current month's level of em-

the

annual benchmark

adjustments

ployment (link-relative technique), sampling and response

(comprehensive counts of e m p l o y m e n t ) .

errors may

Sampling variability

accumulate over several months. T o

remove

this accumulated error, the e m p l o y m e n t estimates are ad-

Both the household and establishment survey statistics

justed to new benchmarks, usually annually. In addition

are subject to sampling error, which should be taken into

to

account in evaluating the levels of a series as well as changes

benchmark

over time. Because the household survey is based upon a

the

probability sample, the results may differ f r o m the

Employment estimates are currently projected f r o m March

figures

taking account of sampling and response errors, the
revision adjusts the estimates for changes in
classification

industrial

of

individual

establishments.

that would be obtained if it were possible t o take a complete

1974 benchmark levels. Measures of reliability for employ-

census using the same questionnaire and procedures. T h e

ment estimates are provided in the "Explanatory N o t e s " of

standard error is the measure of sampling variability, that is,

Employment

the variations that might occur by chance because only a

revisions

and
due

Earnings,

to

as are the actual amounts of

benchmark

adjustments

(tables G - L ) .

Unemployment rate by alternative seasonal adjustment methods
Other aggregations
Alternative age-sex procedures

Official
UnadMonth

justed
rate

(all multiplicative)

Direct

Adjusted
Rate

All

All

multipli-

addi-

Yearahead

Con-

Stable

current 1 9 6 7 - 7 3

adjust-

Compo-

ment

site

Dura-

Rea-

tion

sons

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

Total

Resid-

Range
(cols.
2-13)

ual

cative

tive

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

8.0

7.8

7.8

8.1

8.0

7.8

7.8

8.2

7.9

7.9

7.8

7.6

7.6

7.7

7.5

7.5

7.6

7.7

7.6

7.6

.3

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.7

7.3

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.5

7.5

.4
.2

1976

(14)

i
0.4

January

8.8

7.8

February

8.7

7.6

7.8
7.6

March

8.1

7.5

7.5

April

7.4

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.4

7.4

7.6

7.4

7.5

7.5

7.4

7.5

7.5

May

6.7

7.3

7.4

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.5

7.2

7.4

7.5

7.2

7.5

7.3

.3

June

8.0

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.6

7.5

7.5

7.5

7.3

7.4

7.3

7.5

.3

July

7.8
7.6

7.8
7.9

7.8

7.7

7.7
7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

7.7

.2

7.8

7.8
7.9

7.8

7.9

7.8
7.9

7.6

August

8.0

8.0

7.9

8.0

7.9

.3

September

7.4

7.8

7.8

7.7

7.8

7.8

7.6

8.0

7.9

7.8

7.8
7.8

7.8

.4

October

7.2

7.9

8.0

7.8

7.9

7.9

7.7

8.0

7.9

8.0

7.9

7.8
7.9

7.9

.3

November

7.4

8.0

8.0

7.8

8.1

8.0

7.8

8.0

8.0

.3

7.8

7.9

7.8

7.9

7.8
7.9

8.0

7.4

8.0
7.8

8.1

December

7.9

7.8

7.8

7.8

7.9

7.8

.1




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

157,584
2,137
155,447
96,145
61.*
88,962
56.5
3,090
85,872
7,183
7.5
59,302

157,782
2,138
155,643
96,539
62.0
89,475
56.7
3,116
86,359
7,064
7.3
59,104

157,986
2,132
155,854
96,760
62.1
90,023
57.0
3,260
86,763
6,737
7.0
59,094

158,228
2,128
156,101
97,158
62.2
90,408
57.1
3,386
87,022
6,750
6.9
58,943

158,456
2,129
156,327
97,641
62.5
90,679
57.2
3,338
87,341
6,962
7.1
58,686

66,182
64,492
51,492
79.8
48,443
73.2
2,422
46,021
3,049
5.9
13,000

67,025
65,342
52,092
79.7
49,091
73.2
2,230
46,861
3,001
5.8
13,250

67,114
65,423
52,061
79.6
49,267
73.4
2,208
47,059
2,794
5.4
13,362

67,209
65,522
52,089
79.5
49,465
73.6
2,280
47,185
2,624
5.0
13,433

67,324
65,641
52,282
79.6
49,531
73.6
2,373
47,158
2,751
5.3
13,359

67,431
65,743
52,497
79.9
49,859
73.9
2,372
47,487
2,638
5.0
13,246

74,198
74,101
35,263
47.6
32,755
44.1
690
32,064
2,508
7.1
38,838

72,944
72,857
34,278
47.0
31,801
43.6
487
31,314
2,477
7.2
38,579

73,746
73,654
34,982
47.5
32,477
44.0
485
31,992
2,505
7.2
38,672

73,852
73,757
35,295
47.9
32,750
44.3
496
32,254
2,545
7.2
38,462

73,958
73,863
35,455
48.0
32,985
44.6
577
32,408
2,470
7.0
38,408

74,081
73,987
35,634
48.2
33,288
44.9
597
32,691
2,346
6.6
38,353

74,198
74,101
35,675
48.1
33,116
44.6
564
32,552
2,559
7.2
38,426

16,823
16,473
8,653
52.5
7,256
43.1
414
6,842
1,397
16.1
7,820

16,827
16,483
10,987
66.7
8,620
51.2
594
8,025
2,367
21.5
5,495

16,799
16,439
8,934
54.3
7,289
43.4
404
6,885
1,645
18.4
7,505

16,813
16,451
9,071
55.1
7,394
44.0
375
7,019
1,677
18.5
7,380

16,816
16,464
9,183
55.8
7,458
44.4
412
7,046
1,725
18.8
7,281

16,819
16,468
9,216
56.0
7,573
45.0
403
7,170
1,643
17.8
7,252

16,823
16,473
9,242
56.1
7,589
45.1
416
7,173
1,653
17.9
7,231

16,827
16,483
9,469
57.4
7,704
45.8
402
7,302
1,765
18.6
7,014

137,251
135,473
85,005
62.7
78,987
57.5
6,018
7.1
50,468

139,089
137,337
85,214
62.0
80,373
57.8
4,841
5.7
52,123

139,270
137,522
87,530
63.6
81,749
58.7
5,781
6.6
49,992

137,251
135,473
83,796
61.9
78,091
56*9
5,705
6.8
51,677

138,575
136,810
85,086
62.2
79,365
57.3
5,721
6.7
51,724

138,732
136,972
85,482
62.4
79,832
57.5
5,650
6.6
51,490

138,894
137,139
85,642
62.4
80,249
57.8
5,393
6.3
51,497

139,089
137,337
85,937
62.6
80,603
58.0
5,334
6.2
51,400

139,270
137,522
86,268
62.7
80,813
58.0
5,455
6.3
51,254

18,674
18,315
11,110
60.7
9,473
50.7
1,637
14.7
7,206

19,140
18,763
10,979
58.5
9,669
50.5
1,310
11.9
7,784

19,186
18,805
11,605
61.7
9,933
51.8
1,671
14.4
7,200

18,674
18,315
10,844
59.2
9,388
50.3
1,456
13.4
7,471

19,009
18,637
11,163
59.9
9,697
51.0
1,466
13.1
7,474

19,050
18,672
11,104
59.5
9,690
50.9
1,414
12.7
7,568

19,091
18,714
11,071
59.2
9,711
50.9
1,360
12.3
7,643

19,140
18,763
11,171
59.5
9,730
50.8
1,441
12.9
7,592

19,186
18,805
11,325
60.2
9,833
51.3
1,492
13.2
7,480

June
1976

May
1977

June
1977

June
1976

Feb.
1977

155,925
2,137
153,788
96,114
62.5
88,460
56.7
3,780
84,680
7,655
8.0
57,674

158,228
2,128
156,101
96,193
61.6
90,042
56.9
3,478
86,564
6,151
6.4
59,907

158,456
2,129
156,327
99,135
63.4
91,682
57.9
3,820
87,862
7,453
7.5
57,192

155,925
2,137
153,788
94,704
61.6
87,533
56.1
3,313
84,220
7,171
7.6
59,084

66,182
64,492
51,851
80.4
48,871
73.8
2,588
46,283
2,980
5.7
12,641

67,324
65,641
52,062
79.3
49,487
73.5
2,423
47,064
2,575
4.9
13,579

67,431
65,743
52,885
80.4
50,308
74.6
2,536
47,772
2,577
4.9
12,858

72,944
72,857
33,857
46.5
31,429
43.1
596
30,833
2,428
7.2
39,000

74,081
73,987
35,478
48.0
33,299
44.9
641
32,658
2,179
6.1
38,509

16,799
16,439
10,407
63.3
8,160
48.6
596
7,564
2,247
21.6
6,032

'

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries . . ,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

—

Women, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate*
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
WHITE
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ndt in labor force
BLACK AND OTHER
Total noninstitutional population*
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate .
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Not in labor force

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including
Armed Forces).

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-2. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Selected categories

Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)

Unemployment rates

June
1976

June
1977

June
1976

Feb.
1977

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

7,171
3,049
2,477
1,645

6,*62
2,638
2,559
1,765

7.6
5.9
7.2
18.4

7.5
5.8
7.2
18.5

7.3
5.4
7.2
18.8

7.0
5.0
7.0
17.8

6.9
5.3
6.6
17.9

7.1
5.0
7.2
18.6

White, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

5,705
2,477
1,946
1,282

5,455
2,111
1,984
1,360

6.8
5.4
6.6
16.0

6.7
5.2
6.4
16.3

6.6
4.9
6.5
16.6

6.3
4.6
6.1
16.1

6.2
4.7
5.9
15.7

6.3
4.5
6.4
16.1

Black and other, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

1,456
582
526
348

1,492
533
569
390

13.4
10.8
11.4
40.0

13.1
9.9
12.4
37.2

12.7
9.4
11.6
40.1

12.3
8.5
12.3
36.2

12.9
9.9
11.8
38.7

13.2
9.6
11.9
39.4

Household heads, total
Men
With relatives
Without relatives
Women
With relatives
Without relatives

2,727
2,134
1,701
433
605
396
209

2,343
1,724
1,352
372
626
409
217

5.1
4.7
4.2
9. C
7.0
9.6
4.7

4.9
4.5
4.0
8.2
7.1
9.4
4.9

4.6
4.2
3.7
7.8
7.2
9.6
5.0

4.4
3.9
3.5
6.9
7.0
9.2
5.0

4.5
4.0
3.5
7.3
6.3
8.4
4.5

4.3
3.8
3.3
7.2
6.9
9.4
4.6

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

1,707
1,567
5,830
1,286
2,173

1,347
1,531
5,401
1,524
1,737

4.3
7.2
7.2
9.2
2.3
7.9

4.1
6.7
6.9
10.7
2.3
7.9

3.7
6.7
6.7
11.1
2.0
7.8

3.6
6.6
6.5
9.9
1.9
7.4

3.6
6.3
6.5
9.9
1.9
7.5

3.4
6.8
6.5
10.7
1.8
7.5

2,033
408
298
304
1,023
2,973
854
1,233
263
623
1,130
123

1,966
419
265
312
970
2,552
700
1,072
213
567
1,139
144

4.5
3.0
3.1
5.3
6.2
9.3
7.0
10.7
7.2
12.8
8.6
4.2

4.6
3.3
2.8
5.6
6.4
8.7
6.5
9.6
7.7
12.8
8.4
6.7

4.7
3.1
3.4
5.5
6.5
8.3
6.0
9.2
6.9
13.2
7.9
5.4

4.4
3. 2
2.9
5.1
6.0
7.8
4.9
9.3
6.0
12.6
8.1
4.8

4.3
2.9
2.8
5.5
5.7
7.9
5.6
8.9
6.7
12.5
9.0
4.4

5,338
722
1,624
941
683
239
1,460
1,256
662
162

4,871
592
1,346
707
63 9
206
1,433
1,246
651
170

7.8
16.3
7.6
7.4
7.9
5.0
8.4
6.3
4.3
11.0

7.6
15.2
7.1
7.0
7.3
4.6
8.7
6.2
4.5
13.4

7.4
14.2
6.6
6.1
7.3
5.1
8.4
6.4
4.0
13.2

7.0
12.0
6.7
6.0
7.7
4.4
7.8
6.i
4.0
12.3

537
183
238
116

496
170
208
118

8.5
19.2
7.6
5.2

7.0
15.8
6.7
3.9

6.8
17.1
6.6
3.3

1,191
704
306
181

1,090
616
317
157

7.9
10.6
6.5
5.0

8.6
11.6
7.3
4.8

7.9
10.4
7.0
4.3

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

OCCUPATION

- ?

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

i
|
!
|
!

j

i

S

j

4.2
3.0
2.7
5.2
5.7
7.7
5.6
9.4
5.7
10.9
8.2
4.8

INDUSTRY 3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers4
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

7.1
13.0
6.2
5.7
7.0
4.3
8.3
6.6
4.1
11.5

6.9
12.6
6.3
5.6
7.3
4.1
7.9
6.0
4.2
11.0

7.3
14.4
7.7
4.3

7.5
13.6
7.8
5.1

7.6
18.1
7.1
4.5

6.8
10.1
5.7
4.2

7.2
10.2
5.4
4.1

6.9
8.9
6.3
4.0

i

VETERAN STATUS
Male Vietnam-era veterans:5
20 to 34 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
Male nonveterans:
20 to 34 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years

1

Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that
2




by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
4
Includes mining, not shown separately.
s
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5,1964, and May 7,1975

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
June
1976

June
1977

June
1976

Feb.
1977

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

88,460
53,389
35,071
51,214
38,204
19,910

91,682
55,095
36,587
52,542
38,659
20,394

87,533
52,332
35,201
51,132
38,122
20,334

88,962
53,046
35,916
51,729
38,159
20,756

89,475
53,270
36,205
51,970
38,294
20,963

90,023
53,575
36,448
52,230
38,536
21,076

90,408
53,722
36,686
52,314
38,509
20,962

90,679
53,987
36,692
52,437
38,582
20,831

43,221
12,901
9,220
5,545
15,555
29,968
11,474
10,360
3,371
4,764
12,048
3,222

44,422
13,161
9,560
5,752
15,949
31,324
12,105
10,482
3,558
5,179
12,688
3,248

43,583
13,363
9,230
5,467
15,523
29,132
11,268
10,257
3,365
4,242
12,058
2,826

44,451
13,408
9,502
5,815
15,726
29,917
11,668
10,351
3,448
4,450
12,017
2,663

44,495
13,439
9,543
5,617
15,896
30,025
11,709
10,574
3,487
4,255
12,272
2,652

44,851
13,591
9,434
5,765
16,061
30,193
11,896
10,394
3,482
4,421
12,254
2,779

44,766
13,483
9,400
5,695
16,188
30,423
11,894
10,530
3,552
4,447
12,372
2,904

44,798
13,638
9,570
5,673
15,917
30,432
11,891
10,378
3,551
4,612
12,697
2,838

1,533
1,777
469

1,607
1,695
519

1,317
1,671
342

1,280
1,511
338

1,282
1,513
319

1,310
1,548
366

1,325
1,655
393

1,381
1,595
378

78,463
14,537
63,926
1,431
62,495
5,748
469

81,214
14,602
66,613
1,430
65,183
6,111
536

78,117
14,899
63,218
1,389
61,829
5,642
453

79,520
14,913
64,607
1,317
63,290
5,854
516

79,869
14,923
64,946
1,313
63,633
5,919
536

80,306
14,960
65,346
1,320
64,026
5,954
499

80,429
15,075
65,354
1,305
64,049
6,050
550

80,814
14,961
65,853
1,388
64,465
5,997
518

78,688
65,184
3,669
1,400
2,269
9,835

81,067
67,462
3,938
1,416
2,522
9,667

79,331
64,858
3,150
1,326
1,824
11,323

80,837
66,144
3,438
1,335
2,103
11,255

81,330
66,659
3,276
1,212
2,064
11,395

81,005
66,436
3,174
1,167
2,007
11,395

81,771
67,219
3,290
1,314
1,976
11,262

81,618
67,126
3,368
1,341
2,027
11,124

CHARACTERISTICS
Total employed, 16 years and over
Men
Women
Household heads
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, execpt farm
Sales workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:

Nonagricultural industries:
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries

PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.

Table A-4. Duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Weeks of unemployment

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
June
1976

June
1977

June
1976

Feb.
1977

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

3,497
1,861
2,297
905
1,392

3,917
1,699
1,836
809
1,028

2,730
2,215
2,173
902
1,271

2,804
2,107
2,182
947
1,235

3,005
2,098
1,923
777
1,146

3,100
1,857
1,816
715
1,101

2,782
2,093
1,836
800
1,036

3,058
2,023
1,737
798
939

15.1

12.9

16.9

14.7

14.0

14.3

14.9

14.4

100.0
45.7
24.3
30.0
11.8
18.2

100.0
52.6
22.8
24.6
10.9
13.8

100.0
38.4
31.1
30.5
12.7
17.9

100.0
39.5
29.7
30.8
13.4
17.4

100.0
42.8
29.9
27.4
11.1
16.3

100.0
45.8
27.4
26.8
10.6
16.3

100.0
41.5
31.2
27.4
11.9
15.4

100.0
44.9
29.7
25.5
11.7
13.8

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
1ftsythan 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-5. Reasons for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Reasons

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted
May
1977

3,143
865
2,278
919
2,013
1,003

2,953
754
2,199
846
2,001
972

3,038
749
2,289
944
1,993
893

2,927
827
2,100
954
1,889
1,077

13.1

100.0
44.4
12.2
32.2
13.0
28.4
14.2

100.0
43.6
11.1
32.5
12.5
29.5
14.4

100.,0
44..2
10.,9
33.,3
13.,7
29.,0
13.,0

100.0
42.7
12.1
30.7
13.9
27.6
15.7

3.5
.9
2.0
1.0

3.3
1.0
2.1
1.0

3.1
.9
2.1
1.0

3..1
1..0
2.,1
,9

3.0
1.0
1.9
1.1

June
1977

June
1976

Feb.
1977

3,286
845
2,441
839
2,244
1,286

2,687
677
2,011
894
2,339
1,532

3,580
1,031
2,549
895
1,813
831

3,396
1,001
2,395
852
1,963
936

100.,0
42.,9
11.,0
31.,9
11..0
29.,3
16.,8

100.,0
36.,1
9.,1
27.,0
12.,0
31.,4
20..6

100.0
50.3
14.5
35.8
12.6
25.5
11.7

100.0
47.5
14.0
33.5
11.9
27.5

3..4
.9
2,.3
1..3

2.,7
.9
2,. 4
1,.5

3.8
.9
1.9
.9

Mar.
1977

June
1977

Apr.
1977

June
1976

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Lost last job
On layoff
Other job losers
Left last job
Reentered labor force
Seeking first job
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants

Table A-6. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Sex and aga

Number of
unemployed persptp
(IW thousands)
Feb.
1977

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

7.6
18.4

7.5
18.5

7.3
18.8

7.0
17.8

6.9
17.9

7.1
18.6

829
907
1,516
3,667
3,137
533

21.2
16.2
11.5
5.4
5.6
4.7

19.8
17.5
12.0
5.2
5.3
4.8

22.2
16.6
11.4
5.1
5.2
4.3

19.2
16.8
10.8
4.9
5.1
4.1

20.4
16.3
10.7
4.8
5.1
4.0

21.3
16.5
10.5
5.0
5.3
3.8

3,931
882
415
456
882
2,158
1,742
411

3,580
942
481
449
781
1,843
1,548
289

7.0
18.5
21.3
16.4
11.6
4.9
5.0
4.7

6.9
18.6
19.3
17.9
12.1
4.6
4.6
4.7

6.5
18.7
22.2
16.1
11.2
4.3
4.3
4.4

6. L
17.0
17.9
16.0
10.5
4.1
4.3
3.7

6.3.
17.0
18.7
16.0
10.6
4.2
4.4
3.9

18.6
22.7
15.5
9.9
4.1
4.3
3.3

3,240
763
356
390
724
1,751
1,512
246

3,382
823
348
458
735
1,824
1,589
244

8.4
18.3
21.1
15.9
11.4
6.3
6.7
4.7

8.4
18.4
20.4
16.9
11.9
6.1
6.3
4.9

8.5
18.9
22.2
17.1
11.7
6.1
6.6
4.2

8.2
18.8
20.8
17.7
11.2
6.0
6.5
4.6

7.9
19.0
22.5
16.6
10.9
5.7
6.1
4.3

8.4
18.7
19.7
17.5
11.0
6.3
6.7
4.6

June
1976

June
1977

7,171
1,-645

6,962
1,765

771
846
1,606
3,909
3,254
657

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
56 years and over

25 to 54 years




i

Unemployment rates
June
1976

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
[Percent]
Monthly data

Quarterly averages
1976

Measures
II

III

1977

1977
IV

I

II

May

Apr.

June

U-1—Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.2

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

U-2—Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

3.7

3.9

3.9

3.4

3.1

3.1

3.1

3.0

U-3—Unemployed household heads as a percent of the household head
labor force

4.9

5.3

5.3

4.8

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.3

U-4—Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor
force

7.0

7.4

7.5

6.8

6.5

6.5

6.5

6.5

U-5—Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
(official measure)

7.4

7.8

7.9

7.4

7.0

7.0

6.9

7.1

U-6—Total full-time jobseekers plus V* part-time jobseekers plus % total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian
labor force less % of the part-time labor force

9.1

9.5

9.7

9.0

8.6

8.6

8.6

8.7

U-7 —Total full-time jobseekers plus Vi part-time jobseekers plus Vi total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
V2 of the part-time labor force

10.0

10.3

10.7

9.9

9.7

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N . A . - n o t availaole.

Table A-8. Persons not in the labor force by selected characteristics, quarterly averages
[In thousands]
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristics

Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Discouraged workers
Job-market factors1
Personal factors2
Men
Women
White
Black and other
1

II
1976

II
, 1977

59,186
53,377
5,809
904
648
257
3f:6
578
676
229

59,042
52,806
6,198
1,039
759
280
316
723
716
322

I

59,327
53,831
5,388
940
649
291
366
574
700
233

Job market factors include "could not find job" and "thinks no job available."




1977

1976
II

III

IV

59,032
53,938
5,426
903
617
286
308
595
694
204

58,963
54,715
4,339
827
568
259
281
546
601
226

59,132
53,991
5,436
992
762
230
341
651
755
250

I

59,379
53,792
5,663
929
644
285
283
647
665
280

II

58,908
53,190
5,762
1,061
726
335
316
745
741
287

2
Personal factors include "employers think too young or oid,w "lacks education or training," and "other personal handicap."

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
[In thousands]
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING

Apr.
1977

June
1976

May
1977p

June
1977p

June
1976

Feb.
1977

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

P

June
1977p

80, 142

81, 3 3 2

82, 0 2 9

82, 8 6 8

79, 3 6 8

80, 824

81, 3 9 5

81, 6 8 6

81, 921

82,056

23, 662

2 3 , 846

2 4 , 171

24, 660

23, 357

2 3, 701

24, 005

24, 217

24, 310

24, 332

844

859

795

838

843

874

781

823

842

847

3, 7 5 0

3, 681

3, 859

4, 069

3, 592

3, 6 4 5

3, 7 5 9

3, 842

3, 8 6 7

3, 8 9 8

MANUFACTURING
Production workers

19, 117
13, 7 7 4

19, 3 2 7
13, 893

19, 4 6 9
14,023

19, 717
14, 2 3 4

18, 9 8 4
13, 6 6 5

19, 2 3 3
13, 810

19, 4 0 4
13, 9 5 8

19, 5 2 8
14, 0 6 6

19, 5 9 9
14, 148

19, 5 7 5
14, 119

DURABLE GOODS
Production workers

11,162
7, 9 9 4

11, 3 4 8
8, 118

11, 4 4 6
8, 211

11, 5 9 1
8, 3 3 4

11, 0 5 9
7, 905

H , 230
8, 011

11, 3 7 0
8, 128

11, 4 2 3
8, 177

11, 4 7 3
8, 2 3 9

11,483
8, 2 4 0

157.
622.
493.
640.
215.
400.
081.
842.
760.
515.
430.

155.
626.
501.
643.
205.
423.
152.
901.
800.
522.
416.

156.
637.
503.
653.
218.
439.
162.
914.
814.
526.
419.

154.
661.
512.
668.
233.
460.
186.
931.
826.
531.
424.

158
601
493
62 8
200
390
069
837
743
513
42 7

156
626
497
620
178
416
134
888
766
524
425

156
633
503
641
199
432
142
906
808
526
424

157
639
507
651
208
433
150
919
808
526
425

158
638
509
652
217
447
167
930
806
527
422

155
638
511
655
218
448
173
926
809
529
421

MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products ....
Primary metal industries
1,
Fabricated metal products
1,
Machinery, except electrical
2,
Electrical equipment
1,
Transportation equipment
1,
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

7, 955
5, 7 8 0

NONDURABLE GOODS
Production workers
Food and kindred products
1,
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . 1,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
1,
Chemicals and allied products
1,
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec. .
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

5
8
8
8
1
9
8
3
8
3
8

707.
67.
981.
331.
684.
077.
036.
205.
580.
2 82.

4
7
3
0
7
8
2
7
0
7

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

5
1
0
6
4
4
1
8
5
2
5

7, 9 7 9
5, 775

8, 023
5, 812

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

6
0
1
3
8
0
2
6
9
6
5

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

7, 925
5, 760

8, 003
5, 799

8, 0 3 4
5, 830

8, 105
5, 889

8, 126
5, 9 0 9

8, 092
5, 879

5
0
7
5
4
5
2
6
8
3

1, 7 1 8
75
973
1, 3 2 0
678
1, 077
1, 0 2 9
202
577
276

1, 72 7
73
964 '
1, 2 8 0
688
1, 095
1, 050
205
656
265

1, 7 3 4
68
973
1, 2 8 3
688
1, 0 9 7
1, 051
207
666
267

1, 743
73
981
1, 2 9 1
697
1, 102
1, 0 6 0
211
680
267

1, 732
71
989
1, 2 9 7
703
1,, 108
1, 063
210
685
268

1, 712
70
987
1, 3 0 1
702
1, 108
1, 0 5 9
209
679
265

58, 2 0 8

56,, 0 1 1

57, 3 9 0

57,, 4 6 9

57,, 611

57, 7 2 4

8, 126
5, 9 0 0

5
8
4
2
4
5
2
4
7
3

1, 6 7 1 . 6
63. 2
984. 5
1, 2 9 4 . 4
695.9
1, 104„ 2
1, 0 5 6 . 8
209. 8
673. 6
268. 8

57, 4 8 6

57, 858

4 , 531

4, 53 8

4 , 576

4, 6 2 4

4, 4 8 2

4 , 553

4, 568

4,, 575

4,, 585

4 , 574

17, 7 5 7

18, 026

18, 167

18, 3 3 2

17,, 6 6 4

18, 067

18, 189

18,, 2 0 3

18,, 2 2 6

18, 2 3 7

4 , 2 80
13, 4 7 7

4, 3 3 2
13,694

4,.351
13, 816

4, 4 0 7
13, 925

4, , 2 5 4
13,, 4 1 0

4, 334
13, 733

4, 3 5 4
13, 835

4, , 3 7 1
13,, 832

4,, 382
13,, 844

4 , 3 81
13,856

56, 4 8 0

1, 6 6 4 .
66„
978.
1, 2 8 6 .
689.
1, 100.
1, 0 5 3 .
206.
667.
266„

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

0
8
8
5
4
6
6
3
6
1
3

1, 7 0 1 .
63.
995.
1, 3 1 1 .
709.
1, 1 0 9 .
1, 066 o
213.
682.
272,

57, 123

4, 3 4 4

4, 4 5 0

4, 477

4, 5 3 8

4, , 301

4, 431

4, 4 5 3

4,, 4 6 3

4,, 4 8 1

4, 4 9 3

SERVICES

14, 815

15, 182

15, 2 9 6

15, 4 9 5

14,610

15, 0 6 8

15,, 149

15,, 182

15,, 2 0 5

15, 2 8 1

GOVERNMENT

15, 0 3 3

15, 2 9 0

15, 342

15, 2 1 9

14,954

15,, 0 0 4

15,, 031

15,, 046

15,, 114

15, 1 3 0

2, 758
12, 2 7 5

2, 716
12,574

2, 728
12,614

2, 7 5 9
12, 4 6 0

2,, 728
12, 2 2 6

2,, 721
12, 2 8 3

2,, 725
12,, 3 0 6

2,, 719
12,, 3 2 7

2,, 723
12,, 391

2, 7 2 9
12,410

FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL

p=preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

June

1976
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING

Apr.
1977

Seasonally adjusted

May

June

1977p

1977P

June

J? e b .

Mar.

1976

1977

1977

Apr.
1977

June

May

1977p

1977?

36. 4

36. 0

36. 1

36. 4

36. 1

36. 3

36. 3

36. 2

36. 3

36. 2

42. 8

43. 9

43. 9

44. 2

42. 2

43. 6

44. 4

44. 4

43. 8

43. 6

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

37. 9

37. 0

37. 5

37. 2

37. 3

37. 8

37. 1

37. 3

37. 4

36.7

MANUFACTURING
Overtime hours

40. 4
3. 2

40. 0
3. 1

40. 3
3. 3

40. 7
3. 5

40. 2
3. 2

40. 3
3. 3

40. 4
3. 3

40. 3
3. 4

40. 4
3. 4

40. 5
3.4

D U R A B L E GOODS
Overtime hours

41. 1
3. 4

40. 7
3. 3

41. 0
3. 5

41. 5
3. 7

40. 9
3. 4

40. 8
3. 3

41. 0
3. 4

40. 8
3. 6

41. 0
3. 6

41. 3
3 7

41.
40.
3941.
41.
41.
41.
40.
42.
40.
38.

41.
40.
37.
41.
41.
40.
41.
3942.
40.
38.

0
0
9
4
4
5
1
90
0
9

41. 0
40. 3
38. 4
41. 9
41. 4
40. 9
41. 4
40. 1
42. 7
40. 4
39. 1

41. 2
40. 7
38. 8
42. 2
41. 7
41. 6
41. 9
40. 6
43. 3
40. 8
39.4

41. 1
39. 8
38- 6
41. 4
41. 2
41. 0
41. 2
40. 1
42. 5
40. 5
38.5

40. 6
40 5
38. 1
41. 4
40. 6
40. 8
41. 3
40. 6
41. 4
40. 8
39. 5

40. 6
40. 1
38. 6
41. 4
41. 1
41. 0
41. 5
40. 3
42. 8
40.4
39. 3

41. 2
40. 0
38. 4
41. 7
41. 5
40. 7
41. 3
40. 0
41. 9
40. 1
38. 9

41.
40.
38.
41.
41.
40.
41.
40.
42.
40.
39.

1
0
7
8
5
9
6
1
6
5
1

41. 1
39- 9
38. 4
41. 9
41. 6
41. 3
41. 9
40. 4
43. 0
40. 8
39. 2

39- 4
3. 0

39. 1
2. 9

39. 3
3. 0

39. 7
3. 1

39. 3
2. 9

39.6
3. 2

39.5
3. 1

39. 5
3. 2

39. 5
1

39. 6
3. 0

40.
38.
40.
35.
42.
37.
41.
42.
40.
37.

2
2
7
9
6
5
6
?
5
8

39. 6
37. 8
40. 1
35. 0
42. 8
37. 4
41. 9
42. 7
41. 0
36.7

39. 7
38. 0
40. 5
35.4
42. 7
37. 5
41. 7
42. 6
41. 1
37. 3

40.
38.
40.
36.
43.
37.
41.
43.
41.
38.

40.
38.
40.
35.
42.
37.
41.
42.
40.
37.

1
3
3
8
4
5
5
0
3
0

40. 3
39- 4
40. 5
35. 7
Ac. 7
37. 9
41. 7
42. 5
41. 4
36.7

40.
38.
40.
35.
42.
37.
41.
43.
41.
36.

2
4
8
6
8
7
8
0
2
4

40. 3
38. 3
40. 5
35. 1
43. 3
37. 7
41. 9
42. 7
41. 2
37. 4

^9.
38.
40.
35.
43.
37.
41.
42.
41.
37.

9
5
6
6
0
6
7
6
3
1

40. 1
38. 6
40. 4
35. 9
43. 0
37. 7
41. 8
42. 9
41. 1
37. 3

40. 0

39. 9

40. 0

40. 4

39.8

40. 5

40. 3

40. 1

40. 2

40. 2

33.8

33. 1

33. 2

33. 6

33. 5

33. 4

33. 5

33. 5

33. 5

33. 2

38. 9
32. 3

38. 7
31. 5

38. 8
31. 6

39. 0
3d. )

38. 8
31. 9

39- 1
31. 8

38. 9
31. 9

39- 0
31. 9

38. 8
31. 9

38. 9
31. 6

F I N A N C E , INSURANCE, A N D
R E A L ESTATE

36. 6

36. 6

36. 6

36. 6

i
1
I

36. 6

36. 6

36. 7

36. 6

36. 7

36. 6

SERVICES

33. 6

33. 3

33. 3

33. 5

|

33. 4

33. 6

33. 5

33. 5

33. 5

33. 3

Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products. . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
N O N D U R A B L E GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec . . .
Leather and leather products

2
6
0
7
3
3
2
3
8
5
7

2
5
8
0
2
7
9
1
3
1

\

T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A N D PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE A N D R E T A I L T R A D E
WHOLESALE T R A D E
RETAIL TRADE

1

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in contract construction: and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; whole-

sale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls.
p=preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

May
1977P

June
1977P

$ 185.40
187.15

$ 1 8 7 . 36
188.76

$189-28
188.60

270.50

298.52

298.52

301. 44

7. 9 4

288.04

291-56

296.25

2 9 5 . 37

5. 56

5. 59

208.06

220.80

224.07

227.51

5. 9 5

5. 98

227.28

239-32

243.95

248.17

6 . 19

6 . 08

4.99
4. 24
5. 7 2

5 . 00
4 . 26
5. 77

232.37
1 9 3 . 26
154. 44
221.01

251.74
197.60

253.79
2 0 1 . 10
162. 82
239.67
305. 95
234.36
252.95
210.93
302.74
207.66

250.50
203.50
165.29
243.49
308.58
2 4 1 . 28
257.69
2 1 4 . 77
308.30

May
1977P

June
1977p

June
1976

Apr.
1977

$ 4. 8 5
4. 85

$ 5.. 15
5. 17

$ 5. 19
5. 20

$ 5. 20
5. 21

MINING

6. 32

6. 8 0

6. 8 0

6. 8 2

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

7. 60

7. 8 8

7. 9 0

MANUFACTURING

5. 15

5. 52

5. 53

5. 8 8

5. 6 4
4 . 76
3.96
5. 30
6 . 77
5. 4 4
5. 7 2
4. 8 4
6. 52
4. 8 3
3. 9 9

6.
4.
4.
5.

14
94
21
66

7.
5.
6.
5.
7.
5.
4.

22
67
07
20
01
11
27

7.
5.
6.
5.
7.
5.
4.

7.
5.
6.
5.
7.
5.
4.

4. 62

4. 99

4.
5.
3.
3.
5.
5.
5.
7.
4.
3.

5.
5.
3.
3.

TOTAL PRIVATE
Seasonally adjusted

DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco, manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing . . . .
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec
Leather and leather products
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

92
23
59
40
39
65
84
11
38
43

6. 42

26
59
87
57

5.79
5. 9 8
6 . 27
7. 70
5. 06
3.61
6 . 80

39
73
11
26
09
14
31

June
1976
$ 176.54
1 7 5 . 09

Apr.
1977

159-56
234.32
298.91

40
80
15
29
12
14
31

279-60
2 2 4 . 67
235.66
195. 05
279.06
195. 62
1 5 4 . 41

229-64
2 4 9 - 48
2 0 7 . 48
294. 42
2 0 4 . 40
166.10

4.99

5. 03

182. 03

5.
5.
3.
3.
5.
6.

197.78

168.52

209.71
169.81

195.11

196.11

199.69

210.01
212.04
156.33
126.38
247.66
225.38
262.29
327.59
207.14
135. 40

213.06
2 1 8 . 68
1 5 8 . 30
1 3 0 . 68
253.58
227.33
266.07
331.87
2 1 1 . 46
1 3 8 . 30

6.29
7. 69
5. 0 4
3. 6 3

5.
5.
3.
3.
5.
6.
6.
7.
5.
3.

30
68
88
63
87
03
35
70
12
63

229.61
211.88
242. 94
300.04
1 7 7 . 39
129-65

208.30
211.30
1 5 5 . 19
124. 95
247.81
223.65
2 6 2 . 71
328.79
2 0 7 . 46
1 3 2 . 49

S. 8 3

6 . 79

256.80

271.32

273.20

274. 32

140.77

1 4 2 . 46

29
58
86
57
80
01

199.79
146.11
1 2 2 . 06

3.95

4 . 23

4. 24

4. 24

1 3 3 . 51

140.01

5 . 14
3 . 53

5. 48
3. 78

5 . 51
3. 8 0

5. 48
3. 8 0

199.95
114. 02

2 1 2 . 08
119.07

213.79
120.08

213.72
121.60

FINANCE, INSURANCE. A N D REAL ESTATE

4. 34

4. 5 4

4 . 58

4. 54

158. 84

166.16

167.63

1 6 6 . 16

SERVICES

4. 34

4. 6 4

4. 67

4.65

145. 82

1 5 4 . 51

1 5 5 . 51

1 5 5 . 78

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
p=preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4.
Hourly earnings inde* for production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry division, seasonally adjusted
(1967-100]
Percent change from
Industry

June
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May P
1977

June p
1977

184. 3
108. 3

192. 7
109. 7

193. 2
109. 0

194. 1
108. 8

195.3
108.6

196. 3
108. 5

196.9
N.A.

6.8
(2)

0.3
(3)

196. 9
185. 8
183. 6
199. 0
177. 5
169. 2
188. 3

207. 8
192. 4
192. 3
205. 1
186. 4
176. 5
197. 7

210. 1
190. 8
193. 3
206. 2
187. 6
175. 7
197. 7

210. 4
191. 6
194. 3
206. 7
188. 5
175. 9
198. 7

212.1
192.6
195.4
208.6
189.8
177.4
199.7

212. 1
192. 3
196. 9
209. 1
190. 4
179. 3
200. 8

213.9
194.5
198.0
209.5
190.2
177.5
201.1

8.6
4.7
7.9
5.3
7.2
4.9
6.8

.8
1.1
.6
.2
-.1
-1.0
.1

June
June

19761977

May 1977June 1977

TOTAL PRIVATE NONFARM:
Current dollars
Constant (1967) dollars
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE . . . . . . .
SERVICES
1
2

See footnote 1, table B-2.
Percent change was 0.1 from May 1976 to May 1977, the latest month

3

Percent change was -0.1 from April 1977 to May 1977, the latest month

available.
available.

N . A . - not available.
p=preliminary.
NOTE: All series are in current dollars except where indicated. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries.

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly man-hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
[1967 = 100]

1976
Industry division and group

TOTAL

June

July

111. 6 111.8

1977

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

111.8

112.2

112.2

112.8

113.3

112.3

114.2

115.2

115.6

116. 1 115.7

95.7

95.9

96.0

97.2

96.9

95.2

98.3

100.0

100.9

101.7

101.7

131. 1 132. 6 134.0

130.7

134.6

141.5

142.2

139.2

141. 1

108. 1 112.0

113.0

111.7

98.4

98.6

Mar.

Apr.

96.8

96. 5

MINING

125.0

127.7

115. 6 131.7

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

104.0

103.7

102.5

99.4

104.2

105.7

104.3

96.4

105.9

94. 6

94.2

93.9

94.0

93.2

94.5

94.4

93.8

95.7

97. 1

97.5

94.8
39. 1
103.0
102.7
97.1
85.5
100.0
97.7
95.5
91.3
112.4
96.8

96.8
38.5
103.4
105.3
101.5
88.5
101. 6
98.6
95.9
96. 7
111. 6
96. 0

96.8
40.8
104. 1
106.0
104. 1
90.0
101.0
98.3
96.1
94.8
111. 1
95.1

GOODS-PRODUCING

MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies ....
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ....
Miscellaneous manufacturing, Ind

93.5
93.6
93.2
92.0
93.8
40.7
38.5
40.0
39.8
38.6
96.1
98.6
99.4
97. 6
98.2
103.3 102.3 101.2 102.4 102.2
99.7
98.6
99.7
99.2
98.9
89.2
90. 1
88.8
89.8
86.2
98.4
98.6
96.5
98.0
98.6
94.5
94.0
95.9
95.9
95.9
90.5
91.5
92.1
92.2
91.9
86. 1
92. 6
90.3
90.7
89. 1
109.1 110. 3 108. 1 107.2 107.9
94. 7
93. 1
91.8
92.0
92.2

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products . .•
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products . . . . . . . .
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec . . .
Leather and leather products

95.8
95.2
94.2
96.8
97. 0
96.5
83.4
82.3
84.0
98.6
95. 5
98.0
91.4
88. 9
87. 6
97.3
96. 9
96.1
93. 1
93. 6
92.9
99.4
99.0
99.8
111. 6 112.2 112.4
107.0 106.2 105.2
72.5
74. 7
76.0

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORT MTION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE . .'
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL T R A D E

June p

98.7
98. 1
41.3
40.7
104.3 104.2
107.4 106.8
104.7 105.4
91.2
90.9
102.7 103.8
100. 7 101.5
97.3
97. 7
96.2
97. 0
112. 9 114. 1
95. 3
94.9

95.4 1 95.5
95.2 J 95.0
94.7
97. 1
9..6
98.5
96.4
98.8
96.2
96.6' 95. 5
95.1
97.5
97. 9
81.6
81. 6
76.1
75.5
82. 1
83.0
83.0
80.7
99.5
95.4
95. 6
96.1
95.2
95.0
99.7
97.9
84. 1
87.3
86.2
85. 7
86. 1
86.3
88.0
87. 9
96. 5
95. 7
97. 0
96.2
98. 0
98.3 100.8
97.2
93.4
93. 6
94.8
94.3
93. 1
93.7
93.0
94.9
99.4 100.0 100.0 100.4 101. 8 102.2 103. 5
100.3
112.2 112.5 113. 1 114. 7 115. 0 114.7 118. 7 120.5
124.3 125. 6 125.7 127.6 127. 7 129. 6 131.7 134.7
70.4
72. 1
71. 0
70.5
69.1
71.9
71.9
73.9

98. 8
97. 0
75. 7
100.9
89. 0
101.2
95.2
103.8
120.2
135.8
73.6

98.5
95.9
75.9
100. 1
90.0
101.4
95.3
103.9
121.0
133.6
73. 1

122.5

123.0

123. 6 123.5

101. 6 102. 1

102.5

102.9

121.8

93.8
93.6
93.2
38.5
39.5
39. 0
100. 8 101.9 101. 1
98. 5
102.8 103.5
96.1
100.2
99. 1
85.7
85.0
84.8
98. 1
98.1
97. 6
96. 7
95. 7
96.0
93.4
93.1
91.7
91.5
90. 6
93.3
108. 5 110.4 108. 9
93. 1
92.1
91.6

Ma.y p

123.5

124.6

124. 1 125.3

125.8

125.8

126.0

125.4

102. 0 103.2

105.0

102. 7

104.2

103.9

104.5

104.2

121.-7

120.7

117. 8 117.5
123.1 123.2

117.4
122.0

104.4

118. 1

118. 9

119.0

119.7

119.3

118. 9

120. 0

119. 1 120.7 ^ 121.5 121.7

114.1
119.6

115.3
120.3

114.7
120.6

114. 9
121. 6

114.8
121.0

114.8
120.4

114.8
122.0

115.4
120.4

117.0 116. 9
122. 1 123.2

FINANCE, INSURANCE. AND
REAL ESTATE

126.3

126. 6 127.3

127. 7

128.3

129.1

129.8

130.6

130.2

131. 1 131.0

131.7

131.5

SERVICES

135.0

135.4

137.2

137. 6

137.7

138.4

138.8

139.7

140.0

140.1

140.2

139.8

1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
^preliminary.




136.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased

Year and month

Over 1-month span

Over 3-month span

Over 6-month span

Over 12-month span

1974

58. 7
55. 8
48. 0

61.6

55. 2
54. 7

64.8
56. 4
54. 7

63. 1
59. 6
54. 9

54. 7
54. 7
54. 4

52. 3
57. 0
50. 9

51. 5
50. 3
44. 5

50. 0
40. 1

49. 1
42. 2
32. 6

44. 2
36. 0
35. 5

35. 8
32. 0

26. 7

21. 8

20. 6

35. 5
19. 8
19. 8

26. 2

21. 8
12. 8

15. 7
16. 0
13. 7

18. 6
16.6

16.9
16.9
27. 3

12. 5
14. 0
22. 7

13. 7
12. 8
18. 9

16. 3
17.4
17. 2

44. 2
51. 2
39. 8

34. 6
43. 6
47. 7

29. 1
40. 7
59. 0

20. 3
25. 6
40. 1

September

57. 3
72.4
81.4

55. 5
75. 0
78. 8

63. 4
66. 6
72.4

50. 3
61.9
71. 5

October
November
December

64. 0
59. 6
69. 2

70. 6

69. 2

75. 0

78. 8
79.4
77. 6

75.9
79. 1
81.4

76.7
74. 4
77.9

82. 0

82. 8

84. 6

84. 3
84. 9

83. 1
77. 0

79. 4

77. 9
63.4
47. 1

81. 1
70. 6
57. 0

77. 0
71. 5
70. 9

73. 5
79. 7
79. 4

52.9
49. 1
68. 9

47.4
65. 1
54. 9

55. 2
55. 2
61.9

75. 3
74. 1
78. 2

39. 0
64. 2
68. 3

59. 9
53. 8
75. 9

70. 1
69. 8
76. 7

76. 5
75. Op
75. 3p

71. 5
61. 6
79. 7

76. 7
84. 6
86. 0

88. 4
87. 2p
84. Op

79. 1
65. 4p
51. 7p

82. 6p
73. 8p

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

28. 2

22. 1

14. 0

1975
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August

1976
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
1977
January
February
March
April

,

May
June
July
August
September
October
November

1

Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,

p = preliminary.




82. 8