Full text of The Employment Situation : July 1991

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information:
Media contact:

United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212

(202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
523-1913

USDL 91-382
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EOT), FRIDAY,
AUGUST 2, 1991

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
The
in July,
the U.S.
both the
general,
months.

JULY 1991

unemployment rate receded from 7.0 percent in June to 6.8 percent
after edging up in prior months, the Bureau of labor Statistics of
Department of Labor reported today. Employment as measured in
business and household surveys changed little over the month. In
the labor market has shown no clear trend over the past few

Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons eased back to 8.5 million in July
(seasonally adjusted). The jobless level was still 1.6 million higher than
in July 1990, when the recession began. The unemployment rate fell by twotenths of a percentage point to 6.8 percent and stands 1.3 percentage
points higher than its year-earlier level. (See table A-l.)
Jobless rates for blacks and adult women declined over the month. The
rate for black workers (11.8 percent) was 1.3 percentage points lower than
in June. The rate for adult women (5.4 percent) fell five-tenths of a
percentage point in July, while the rate for adult men (6.5 percent) was
about the same in July as it was in June. Since the beginning of the
recession, the adult female rate has risen 0.7 percentage point, whereas
the male rate increased by 1.6 points. The unemployment rate for teens
increased to 20.6 percent in July, up 4.8 percentage points since the
beginning of the recession and the highest level since October 1983. (See
tables A-l and A-2.)
The number of persons unemployed because they had lost their last jobs
(as distinguished from persons who left their jobs voluntarily and. searched
for other jobs, and those who entered the labor force to seek work)
decreased by 270,000 in July, reversing an increase in the prior month. At
5.9 million, the number of persons who were employed part time for economic
reasons (often referred to as the partially unemployed) was little changed
over the month but was 940,000 higher than a year earlier. (See tables A-3
and A-6.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
At 116.7 rniilion, total employment was little changed in July* While
1.2 million lower than a year earlier, the series has shown no clear trend
over the past 4 months. The employment-population ratio—the proportion of



Table A. Jfejor indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data

Quarterly
averages
Category

1991

1991
II

May

June

July

Thousands of persons

BOOSEBXD DATA
Civilian labor force..
Civilian employment.
Unemployment
Not in labor force....
. Discouraged workers.

JuneJuly
change

125,013! 125,511! 125,232! 125,629! 125,214! -415
116,865! 116,958! 116,591! 116,884! 116,712! -172
8,149! 8,553! 8,640! 8,745! 8,501! -244
64,099! 64,012! 64,291! 64,039! 64,625! 586
N.A.! N.A.
997!
981!
N.A.!
N.A.!
Percent of labor force

Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
,
Adult women....
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin

6.5!
6.1!
5.5!
18.0!
5.8!
12.1!
9.7!

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm employment....
Goods-producing 1/..
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing.1/
Retail trade
Services
Government

6.8!
6.4!
5.7!
18.8!
6.0!
12.9!
9.5!

7.0!
6.6!
5.9!
19.2!
6.2!
13.1!
9.8!

6.9!
6.5!
5.8!
19.1!
6.1!
13.0!
9.7!

6.8!
6.5!
5.4!
20.6!
6.2!
11.8!
9.5!

-0.2
-.5
1.4
.0
-1.3
-.3

Thousands of jobs
109,160!pl08,830!
24,032! p23,810!
4,770! p4,704!
18,549! pl8,399!
85,128! p85,020!
19,4611 pl9,334!
28,583! p28,649!
18,387! pl8,430!

108,887!plO8,866 !plO8,815! p-51
23,847! p23,789 ! p23,779! p-10
4,715! p4,709 ! p4,687! p-22
18,426! Pl8,376 ! pl8,389! pl3
85,040! p85,077 ! p85,036! p-41
19,339! pl9,340 ! pl9,358! pl8
28,645! p28,727 ! p28,705! p-22
18,440! pl8,426 ' pl8,416! p-10

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.2!
40.3:
3.3:

P34.3:
p40.5!
p3.5!

34.3:
40.4:
3.4:

P34.5!
p40.8:
p3.7!

1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
N.A.=not available.



p34.i:p-0.4
P40.7: p-.l
p3.7: p.O
P=prelijTu.nary.

- 3 the working-age population with jobs—was 61-5 percent in July, about the
same as in the prior 2 months but down from 62.7 percent at the start of
the recession. (See table A-l.)
The labor force declined by 420,000 in July to 125-2 million,
reversing an increase of similar magnitude in June. Since last July, the
overall labor force has risen by only 430,000, while that for teenagers has
actually declined by about 600,000. The labor force participation rate—
the proportion of working-age persons either employed or actively seeking
einployroent—was 66.0 percent in July, down slightly from a year earlier.
(See table A-l.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged in July. This
was the second consecutive month of stability, following a moderate
increase in May. In contrast to this recent pattern, employment had
declined by about 220,000 a month, on average, during the January-April
period. (See table B-l.)
The number of factory jobs was unchanged in July at 18.4 million,
after declining by 50,000 in June. Employment in motor vehicles, textiles,
and apparel rose, after seasonal adjustment, primarily because some
temporary plant shutdowns and layoffs that usually happen at this time of
year did not occur until after the survey period. These developments were
largely offset by continued job losses in industrial machinery and
electronic equipment and a large reduction in the volatile food processing
industry.
Employment in mining was also unchanged in July for the second month
in a row. Construction employment fell by 20,000, seasonally adjusted, as
fewer workers than normal were hired.
Employrrvent in each of the major industries in the service-producing
sector was about unchanged in July, with the exception of wholesale trade.
Declines in this industry have shown no sign of abating, as the number of
jobs fell by about 20,000, almost entirely in the distribution of durable
goods. In contrast, the number of retail trade jobs held about steady, but
has shown limited growth since April after declining markedly over the
prior 8-month,period. Jobs in the services industry, which had increased
in each of the prior 2 months, also were unchanged in July, even though
employment in the health services component continued to increase.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.4 hour in July to 34.1 hours, seasonally
adjusted. This decline essentially erased gains that had occurred in the
prior 2 months. The manufacturing workweek, however, edged down by only a
tenth of an hour to 40.7 hours, thus preserving most of its strong upsurge
since April. Manufacturing overtime remained at 3.7 hours. (See table
B-2.)




- 4 As a result of the decline in the workweek, the index of aggregate
weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers fell by 1-4
percent to 120-4 (1982=100) in July, seasonally adjusted. The index for
manufacturing was unchanged at 102-1- Over the year, the factory index was
down by 4-8 percent. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers were about unchanged in July at $10-36, seasonally adjusted. This
followed an increase of 0-5 percent in June* Due to the decline in the
workweek, average weekly earnings decreased by 1.3 percent to $353.28 in
July- Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings edged down by
1 cent and average weekly earnings were down by $2-41- Over the year,
average hourly earnings increased by 3.1 percent and average weekly
earnings by 1.9 percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.)

The Enployment Situation for August 1991 will be released on Friday,
September 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).




Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current
Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The
household survey provides the information on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census
with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls
that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA.
This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in
cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over
350,000 establishments employing over 41 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay
period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal
adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of
these factors is explained below.

The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number employed
and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. Table
A-7 presents a special grouping of seven measures of
unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and
the labor force. The definitions are provided in the table. The
most restrictive definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive
yields U-7. The civilian worker unemployment rate is U-5b, while
U-5a, the overall unemployment rate, includes the resident Aimed
Forces in the labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonfarm firms. As a result, there are many
differences between the two surveys, among which are the
following:
• The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes
agriculture, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers;
• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
• The household survey is limited to those 16 yean of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each
individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees
working at more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll
Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request.

Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys

Seasonal adjustment

The sample households in the household survey are selected so
as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years
of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as
employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at which they
worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as
paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or on
their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise
operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or
not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid
leave because of illness, bad weather, labor-management disputes,
or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they
meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during
the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and
they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their former jobs and
awaiting recall and those expecting to report to a job within 30
days need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in. weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force
increases by a large number each June, when schools close and
many young people enter the job market The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for
example, seasonality may account for as much as 95 percent of the
month-to-month changes in unemployment
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These
adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in
economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the
labor force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example,
the large number of people entering the labor force each June is
likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of
students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable




change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze
changes in economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted
either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more
accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For
example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the civilian labor force
is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted employment components
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total
for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the
civilian labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the JulyDecember period. For the establishment survey, updated factors
for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period
and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the
November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical
data are made once a year.

Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of
people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys
probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a
complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures
were used. In the household survey, the amount of the differences
can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value
of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results
of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always* such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that
an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the
standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances
are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error
from the results of a complete census. At approximately the 90percent level of confidence-the confidence limits used by BLS in
its analyses-the error for the monthly change in total employment
is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total unemployment it
is 224,000; and, for the civilian worker unemployment rate, it is




0.19 percentage points. These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are
approximately 90 out of 100 that the "true" level or rate would not
be expected to differ from the estimates by more than these
amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data
are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually.
Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the
sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the
size of the labor force is subject to less error than is the estimate of
the number unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the
sampling error for the jobless rate of adult men, for example, is
much smaller than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless rate for
men is .25 percentage point; for teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage
points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the most current 2
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are revised.
In other words, data for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final form in
December.
To remove errors that build up over time, a
comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The
results of
this survey are used to establish new
benchmarks-comprehensive counts of employment-against which
month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks
also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and
allow for the formation of new establishments.

Additional statistics and.other information
In order to provide a broad view of the nation's employment
situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this
news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in
Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is
available for $9.50 per issue or $29.00 per year from the U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must
accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the
standard errors for the household survey data published in this
release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the
standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory
Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to
benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of
that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
July
1990

June
1991

July
1991

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

189,668
127.054
67.0
118,280
62.4
3 749
114,531
8,774
6.9
62,614

189,839
127,327
67.1
118,751
62.6
3,740
115,010
8.576
6.7
62.513

188.136
124,709
66.3
117,882
62.7
3,108
114,774
6,827
5.5
63.427

189,243
125,326
66.2
116,754
61.7
3,098
113,656
8,572
6.8
63.917

189,380
125,672
66.4
117,398
62.0
3,156
114243
8,274
6.6
63.708

189,522
125,232
66.1
116,591
61.5
3,272
113,319
8.640
6.9
64,291

189.668
125,629
662
116,884
61.6
3 SOB
113.576
8,745
7.0
64,039

189.839
125,214
66.0
116,712
61.5
3230
113,474
8.501
6.8
64,625

89.706
69.696
77.7
66.047
73.6
3.650
52

90.494
69.545
76.9
64,659
71.5
4.886
7.0

90.592
69,887
77.1
65,125
71.9
4,762
6.8

89,706
68,061
75.9
64,266
71.6
3,795
5.6

90,273
68,494
75.9
63.532
70.4
4,962
72

90,342
68.545
75.9
63,802
70.6
4,743
6.9

90,417
68,401
76.7
63,443
70.2
4.957
72

90,494
68,448
75.6
63,405
70.1
5,043
7.4

90,592
68,390
75.5
63,389
70.0
5.001
7.3

82,790
64,863
78.3
61,951
74.8
2.488
69,464
2,912
4.5

83,748
65.298
78.0
61,351
73.3
2,640
58.711
3,947
6.0

83,865
66,350
77.9
61.439
73.3
2,612
58,827
3.911
6.0

62,790
64,331
77.7
61,162
73.9
2,279
56,883
3169
4.9

83,466
64,735
77.6
60,551
72.5
2.255
58.298
4,184
6.5

83.567
64,957
77.7
60,905
72.9
2.328
58.577
4,052
6.2

83,638
64,741
77.4
60.556
72.4
Z368
68,188
4,184
6.5

83,748
64,897
77.5
60.625
72.4
£438
58,187
4.272
8.6

83,865
64,934
77.4
60,683
72.4
2.381
68,302
4261
6.5

98.430
57,203
58.1
53,907
54.8
3,296
5.8

99.174
57.509
58.0
53.621
54.1
3.887
6.8

99.248
57.440
57.9
53,626
54.0
3,814
6.6

98,430
56.648
57.6
53,616
54.5
3,032
5.4

98,970
56,832
57.4
53,222
53.8
3,610
6.4

99,038
57,127
57.7
53,596
54.1
3.531
62

99,105
56,831
57.3
53.148
53.6
3.683
6.5

99.174
67.181
57.7
63,479
53.9
3,702
6.5

09248
56,824
57.3
53,323
53.7
3.500
62

91.581
52,853
57.7
50.210
54.8
676
49,533
2.644
5.0

92.546
53,634
58.0
50,520
54,6
716
49,805
3,113
5.8

92.654
53.381
57.6
50,326
54.3
692
49,635
3.055

5.7

91,581
53,155
56.0
50.637
55.3
586
50,051
2,518
4.7

92,273
53,359
57.8
50,323
54.5
607
49.716
3.035
5.7

92.358
53,634
58.1
50,695
54.9
623
50,072
2.939
5.5

92.454
53.480
57.8
50,363
64.5
633
49,731
3,117
5.8

02.546
53.883
58.2
50.723
54.8
617
50,106
3,160
5.9

02,654
53,617
57.9
50.738
54.8
601
50.136
2.879
M

13,764
9.183
66.7
7.794
56.6
411
7,383
1,389
15.1

13.374
8,122
60.7
6,409
47.9
393
6,015
1,713
21.1

13.320
8,595
64.5
6.965
52.4
436
6.549
1.611
18.7

13,764
7,223
52.5
6.083
44.2
243
5,840
1,140
15.8

13.504
7.232
53.6
5,879
43.5
235
5,644
1,353
18.7

13,455
7,081
52.6
5,798
43.1
204
5.594
1,283
18.1

13.432
7.011
52.2
5,672
42.2
271
5,401
1.339
19.1

13,374
6,850
512
5,537
414
254
5263
1,313
192

13.320
6,662
50.0
5291
39.7
256
5,035
1,371
20.6

TOTAL
Chilian noninstltutbnaJ population
188,136
Civilian labor force
„
126,900
Participation rate »
„
67.5
Employed..
„
119,954
Ernployment-populatlon ratb
„
63.8
Agriculture
„
3.673
116,381
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed ..„......„....„„....„„„_................
6,945
Unemployment rate
5.5
Not in labor force
61,237

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstltutbnal population
„
Civilian labor force ...»
«
Participation rate »
„
„
Employed
„
..
Employment-population ratio ...................
Unemployed
«
Unemployment rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstltutbnaJ population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate „
Employed
m
Employment-population ratio
....
Agriculture
„
Nonagricultural Industrie*
Unemployed
....
.
............
Unemployment rate

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninttltuttonaJ population
Civilian labor force
„
Participation rate
Employed
!!
Employment-population ratb
Unemployed
««
Unemployment rate
- ..............

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian nontnstkuttonal population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate „
„
Employed
,.
Employment-population ratb
~
Agriculture
„„„............
NonagricuKurai Industrie*
Unemployed
„
Unempbymentrate"!."
'.

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian nonlnstltutbnal population
Civilian labor force
Partidpailon rate ...„..„
„
Employed
„
Employment-population ratb
Agriculture
„
Nonagricuhural industries...!!!!"
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
_

-

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore. Identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally




adjusted columns,

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
July
1990

June
1991

July
1991

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

160.468
108,930
67.9
103,914
64.8
5.016
4.6

161,449
108.991
67.5
102.356
634
6,635
6.1

161.558
109,045
67.5
102.475
634
6.570
6.0

160,468
107,196
663
102,189
63.7
5,007
4.7

161.179
107,488
66.7
100.870
62.6
6.617
62

161.264
107,678
66.8
101,455
623
6,223
53

161,357
107,491
66.6
100,944
62.6
6,547
6.1

161,449
107,745
66.7
101.046
62.6
6,699
62

161,558
107,382
66.5
100.760
624
6,622
62

56,338
78.8
54.219
75.8
2,119
33

56,639
784
53,598
742
3,040
54

56,647
78.3
53,595
74.1
3.053
54

55.909
782
53,566
74.9
2,343
42

56,151
77.9
52,828
73.3
3,323
55

56,310
78.1
53.179
73.7
3,131
5.6

56,210
773
53,025
73.5
3.185
5.7

56,267
775
52,962
733
3,304
5.9

56,344
775
52,960
732
3,385
6.0

44,751
57.5
42.844
55.0
1,907
4.3

45,393
57.8
43,083
54.9
2,310
5.1

45,110
574
42,792
54.5
2,318
5.1

45.039
573
43,229
55.5
1.810
4.0

45,186
57.7
42.892
543
2.294
5.1

45.304
573
43.169
55.1
2.136
4.7

45.242
57.7
42.932
54.7
2,310
5.1

45.572
58.0
43,213
55.0
2.360
52

45,316
57.7
43,137
54.9
2,179
43

7,841
70.8
6,852
61.9
989
12.6
130
122

6,960
65.1
5,675
53.1
1,285
18.5
194
17.5

7.287
684
6.089
57.1
1,199
164
170
15.9

6,248
564
5.394
48.7
854
13.7
145
124

6,151
57.1
5.150
473
1,001
16.3
183
13.7

6,064
564
5,108
473
956
153
16.9
147

6,039
563
4,987
463
1,052
174
193
154

5.906
553
4,871
45.6
1.035
175
195
145

5.722
53.7
4.663
43.7
1,059
18.5
20.0
163

21.318
13.799
64.7
12.168
57.1
1,631
11.8

21,595
13,761
63.7
11,914
552
1,847
134

21,631
13,903
64.3
12,192
564
1,711
12.3

21.318
13,406
62.9
11,884
55.7
1,522
114

21.516
13,610
633
11,934
553
1375
12.3

21.541
13.670
633
11.948
553
1,722
123

21,569
13,472
62.5
11,727
544
1,745
13.0

21,595
13,613
63.0
11,837
543
1,777
13.1

21,631
13.516
625
11,922
55.1
1.595
113

6,367
74.7
5.707
67.0
660
104

6,413
74.1
5,640
65.1
773
12.1

6,449
74.3
5.717
653
732
1.3

6.292
73.9
5,618
65.9
674
10.7

6,395
74.1
5.672
65.7
723
113

6.416
742
5.647
653
769
12.0

6265
723
5,475
63.5
790
123

6.399
735
5,584
64.5
615
12.7

6,379
735
5.638
645
741
113

6.342
59.5
5.724
53.7
619
9.8

6,423
593
5,733
52.9
690
10.7

6,424
592
5,796
534
629
9.8

6,336
59.5
5,738
53.9
598
94

6,388
592
5,756
534
633
95

6,478
60.0
5.812
533
664
103

6.459
59.7
5,755
532
705
105

6,483
593
5,768
532
715
11.0

6,418
592
5,813
533
605
94

1,090
50.8
738
344
352
32.3
32.3
32.3

925
43.9
541
25.7
384
41.5
415
41.0

1,029
49.1
678
32.3
351
34.1
31.3
37.0

778
36.3
528
243
250
32.1
33.1
31.1

826
392
507
24.1
319
38.6
38.4
38.9

779
37.1
490
233
289
37.1
384
35.7

747
35.1
497
235
250
33.5
36.7
30.1

732
343
485
230
247
33.7
374
285

719
343
470
224
249
34.6
313
374

WHITE
Civilian nonlnstitutional population
Civilian labor force
.............

„
.......

Errployed
Employment-population ratio .„„
Unemployed .,„
Unemployment rale
„

„

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
.............................................
ErTployed
_
Employment-population ratio
~
Unemployed ........
Unemployment rate
.... „

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate ...*».......Employed
„
..
Employment-population ratio
„
Unemployed ..„
Unemployment rate ......._............,.....».

„..,.
-

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
„
Enploymert-poputetion ratio
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

~

-

"...

S...

„

..
„

BUCK
Civilian nonirotltutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Errployed.
m
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
„
Unemployment rate

_
_

'.

„..„"

..
.«.

-

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
«
Panidpation rate
Employed
.. .
.......
......................
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed ..„
.............................
»
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Parttepation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio...........,M
Unemployed
~
Unemployment rate

~...

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
participation rate
Employed
«

*

»

Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women

-

See footnotes at end of table.




.«.*

...
-

-

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
July
1990

June
1991

July
1991

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

14,317
9.830
68.7
9.032
63.1
798
8.1

14,751
9.882
67.0
8.930
60.5
952
9.6

14,790
10,051
68.0
9,072
61.3
980
9.7

14.317
9.638
67.3
8,875
62.0
763
7.9

14,632
9,696
66.3
8.700
59.5
997
10.3

14,672
9,739
664
8.859
604
880
9.0

14.711
9.695
65.9
8.756
59.5
939
9.7

14.751
9,737
66.0
8.781
59.5
956
9.8

14,790
9.834
66.5
8.903
602
931
8.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian nonlnstftutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
«
Errployed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
„.,
Unemployment rate
•„

-

-

~

*..»

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail tor the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to

totals because data for the "other races* group are not presented and
Htepanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-3, Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Category
Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

117,882
40,601
29.862
6,376

116,754
40,296
29,514
6,470

117,398
40,502
29.762
6.371

116,591
40,280
29.608
6,350

116,884
40.337
29,877
6.520

116,712
40,503
29,993
6.489

30.617
36.106
16.687
13,436
17,645
4,259

30,758
36,499
15.917
13.697
17.698
3,384

30.764
36,265
15,948
13.212
17,051
3.387

30.990
36.515
15.882
13.197
17,150
3.464

30.908
36,233
15.793
13,181
17,188
3,451

30,842
36.283
16,142
13,207
16,974
3,502

30,926
35,891
16,138
13.057
17,184
3.540

2,035
1.557
157

1.956
1,629
156

1,665
1.382
100

1.556
1.412
134

1.660
1.450
95

1.703
1,421
117

1,748
1.431
115

1.678
1,497
120

107,338
17,183
90.155
1.093
89.062
8.779
264

105,272
17,451
87,821
1,110
86.711
9,004
255

105.876
17,376
88.501
1,215
87.286
8.904
230

105.783
17.785
87.998
1,003
86.995
8,725
258

104,455
17,829
86.626
980
85.646
8.926
224

104.697
18.064
86.633
943
85,690
9,209
213

104,613
17,904
86,709
934
85.775
8.732
206

104,345
17,898
86,447
1,005
85,441
260

104.422
17,969
86.453
1.113
85.340
8.860
229

5.610
2.573
2.666
12,662

6.281
3,023
2,820
13.789

6.546
3,082
3.129
12.653

5.001
2.570
2.120
15.263

6.163
3,303
2.494
14.819

6.162
3.383
2,462
15.027

5,932
3,136
2,556
14,876

5,705
3,146
2.325
15,598

5,881
3,091
2,505
15,208

5.355
2.413
2.583
12,236

5.962
2.845
2,682
13.333

6,221
2.918
2.978
12.173

4,780
2.399
2,102
14.853

3!iO7
2,404
14,452

5.956
3.181
2.403
14,641

5.702
2,971
2,463
14,377

5,425
2.964
2,229
15.168

5.605
2,915
2,435
14.737

July
1990

June
1991

July
1991

119,954
40,707
29,311
6,354

118,280
40.458
29,638
6.474

118,751
40.624
29,453
6,483

30,466
36,756
16.400
14,096
18,180
4,057

30.661
36,392
16,320
13,484
17,245
4,178

1.934
1,508
132

July
1990

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed. 16 years and over
Married men. spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

„

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
„
_
Precision production, craft, and repair Operators, fabricators, and laborer*
Farming, forestry, and fishing

„
„

INDUSTRY AND C U S S OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers „
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
_
Non&griculturaJ industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government ...»....»...*.....„ „
Private Industries
,
Private hou&Ahotdi
Other industries
Serf-employed workers ......
Unpaid family workers

„

„
„

„
„
.................................
„
_

1

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All Industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
„
Could only find part-time work
„
Voluntary part time —.............„.......
Nonagricultural industries:
Pan time for economic reasons
Slack work ...„

Could only find part-time work...
Voluntary part time
1

fc

[.],
Z"ZZ

.-...„..„
!"""Z'.".

„

Z!Z1""Z!

Excludes persons -with a job but not at work- during the survey period for




such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Category

Unemployment rates1

July
1990

June
1991

July
1991

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

6,827
3,169
2,518
1,140

8,745
4,272
3,160
1,313

8,501
4,251
2,879
1.371

5.5
4.9
4.7
15.8

6.8
6.5
5.7
18.7

6.6
6.2
5.5
18.1

6.9
6.5
5.8
19.1

7.0
6.6
5.9
19.2

6.8
6.5
5.4
20.6

1,406
1,108
579

1,968
1,478
657

1,823
1,352
589

3.3
3.6
8.3

4.5
4.8
9.0

4.4
4.5
9.9

4.4
4,6
9.1

4.7
4.7
9.2

4.3
4.3
8.3

...

5,421
1,431

7,114
.1.592

7,014
1,499

5.1
7.8
6.1

6.5
9.1
7.7

6.3
8.1
7.6

6.5
9.0
7.7

6.6
8.6
7.6

6.5
8.3
7.5

....

664
1,552
834
1,576
248

903
1.980
1,111
2,202
289

914
1.846
1,207
2.031
254

2.1
4.1
5.7
8.2
6.8

2.7
5.3
7.6
115
9.1

2.6
5.2
7.8
10.8
6.5

3.0
5.3
8.0
10.2
7.1

2.8
5.2
7.8
11.5
7.6

2.9
4.9
8.5
10.6
6.7

5,163
1,938
32
668
1,238
730
508
3,225
237
1,448
1,540
507
188

6.877
2,741
62
926
1.753
1,064
689
4,136
355
1,793
1.987
517
243

6,589
2.569
69
1,014
1,486
876
610
4.020
336
1.910
1,774
515
218

5.5
6.7
4.5
10.5
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.0
3.7
6.1
4.5
2.8
10.1

72
9.0
7.1
14.1
7.6
8.2
6.8
BA
5.5
7.9
5.6
3.7
13.8

7.0
9.2
7.5
15.0
7.6
8.3
6.6
6.0
5.4
7.3
5.2
3.2
9.9

72
9,0
6.4
f4.7
7.4
7.7
7.0
6.4
5.5
7.7
5.7
3.2
11.2

7.4
9.7
8.5
15.6
8.2
8.4
7.9
6.3
5.4
7.6
5.7
2.8
12.2

7.1
9.1
8.7
16.7
7.0
7.1
6.9
6.2
5.1
8.1
5.1
2.8
11.5

CHARACTERISTIC
Total 16 vears and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2

„

_

..

OCCUPATION3
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers ...„.„...
Farming, forestry, and fishing
_

„.
„
.
„

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing Industries
Mining
„
„
Construction
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
„
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ...»
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
»
Government workers
.....
~
Agricultural wage and salary workers

„
„
.......
.........

„
„

1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on pan time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not
2

available because the seasonal components are small relative to the
trend-cycle and/or Irregular component* and -consequently cannot be
separated with sufficient precision.

Table A-5. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

3,142
1.508
807
701

3,515
2.904
2,184
1,236
947

3,287
2.745
2,229
1,226

3.654
2.717
2,234
1,206

1.003

1,028

3.427
2.862
2.573
1,411
1.162

3,368
2,722
2,348
1,215
1.132

13.2
6.3

12.1
5.2

13.0
6.6

13.7
7.0

12.9
6.5

14.2
6.9

13.9
6.6

100.0
41.1
33.3
25.6
12.5
13.1

100.0
46.1
31.8
22.1
11.8
10.3

100.0
40.9
33.8
25.4
14.4
11.0

100.0
39.8
33.2
27.0
14.8
12.1

100.0
42.5
31.6
26.0
14.0
11.9

100.0
38.7
32.3
29.0
15.9
13.1

100.0
39.9
32.3
27.8
14.4
13.4

July
1990

June
1991

July
1991

3.292
2.269

2.855
2,195
1,074
1.121

2,166

689

4,013
2.373
2,388
1.286
1.102

11.4
4.9

13.2
5.6

100.0
47.4
32.7
19.9
10.0
9.9

100.0
45.7
27.0
27.2
14.7
12.6

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks

15 weeks and over

„

15 to 26 weeks

..

1,384

695

27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks ..~

~

3,526

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over




„
„
_

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason
July
1990

June
1991

July
1991

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

2.968
864
2.104
1.071
2,013

4,324
1.118
3,205
1.008
2.304
1.138

4.339
1.048
3.291
1.041
2,143
1.053

3.145
977
2.168
1.020
1.920
677

4.703
1,430
3,273
1,080
2.090
699

4,528
1,370
3.158
987
2,053741

4,657
1,343
3.314
1,053
2.202
779

4,869
1,389
3,481
1.090
2,143
741

4,596
1,188
3,408
990
2,047
821

100.0
42.7
12.4
30.3
15.4
29.0
12.9

100.0
49.3
12.7
36.5
11.5
26.3
13.0

100.0
50.6
12.2
38.4
12.1
25.0
12.3

100.0
46.5
14.4
32.1
15.1
28.4
10,0

100.0
54.9
16.7
38.2
12.6
24.4
8.2

100.0
54.5
16.5
38.0
11.9
24.7
8.9

100.0
53.6
15.5
38.1
12.1
25.3
9.0

100.0
55.1
15.7
39.4
12.3
24.2

100.0
544
14.1
40.3
11.7
24.2
9.7

2*3
.8
1.6
.7

3.4
.8
1.8
.9

3.4
.8
1.7
.8

2.5
.8
1.5
.5

3.8
.9
1.7
.6

3.6
.8
1.6
.6

3.7
.8
1.8
.6

3.9
. .9
1.7
.6

3.7
.8
1.6
.7

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff.
..
Other job losers
Job leaver*
„
Reentrants
,..,.
New entrants

-«.....
.......

„

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
.*.
Reentrants
New entrants ...»

„...
„..

„
t

„
.............

..,.,

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

„
«

_
„
.............*....

.......

Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and ths labor fores, seasonally
adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
1990

Measure

Monthly dsta
1991

1991

II

III

IV

1

II

May

June

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.9

1.8

2.0

1.9

U-2 Job losers at a percent of the clvilan labor force

2.5

2.7

3.0

3.5

3.7

a7

3.9

3.7

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the cMRan
labor foroe for persons 25 years and over
-

4.2

4.4

4.7

5.3

5.5

5.5

5.6

6.3

5.0

5.2

5.7

6.3

6.5

as

6.6

6.5

5.2

5.5

5.8

6.4

6.7

6.8

6.9

6.7

6.3

5.6

5.9

6.5

6.8

6.9

7.0

6.8

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 1/2 total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor
force less 1/2 of the pan-time laboriorce

7.3

7.6

8.1

9.0

9.2

9.2

0.2

9.2

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus 1/2 total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
1/2 of the part-time labor force

8.0

8.3

8.9

9.8

10.0

NA

NA

NA

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a peroent of the civilian

U-4 Unemployed fuB-jIme jobseekers as a percent of the full-time civilian
U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
Including the resident Aimed Forces
U-5b Total unemployed *e a percent of the civilian labor

N.A. m not available.




-•••

July

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
.....
16to19vears
16 to 17 years ............
18 to 19 years ........*••
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years

.. ..
................
.
.
—

.

*
*

Men 16 vears and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
25 years and over

....»«..».........<
•*

••
•«

•••••
.,

.

..
-

-

.....,,..»,.....

55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
25 years and over

-

»....•

UnerTployment rates1

July
1990

June
1991

Jufy
1991

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

6,827
2,308
1,140
474
661
1,168
4,470
3,986
493

8.745
2,825
1,313
545
772
1.512
5,893
5,167
691

8,501
2,905
1,371
618
739
1,534
5,542
4,992
616

5.5
11.0
15.8
17.6
14.5
8.5
4.3
4.5
3.2

6.8
13.2
18.7
20.9
17.5
10.3
5.6
5.8
4.2

6.6
12.8
18.1
21.2
16.3
10.1
5.4
5.7
3.8

6.9
13.8
19.1
20.4
18.9
11.2
5.5
5.7
4.1

7.0
13.8
19.2
20.2
18.6
11.1
5.6
5.8
4.5

6.8
14.3
20.6
24.0
18.0
11.2
5.3
5.6
4.0

3,795
1,266
626
259
366
640
2.499
2,195
320

5,043
1,627
771
287
473
856
3,379
2,903
413

5.001
1,665
750
329
405
915
3,288
2.940
412

5.6
11.5
16.8
18.6
15.5
8.8
4.4
4.6
3.6

7,2
14.9
20.7
25.0
18.2
11.8
5.8
6,1
4.6

6.9
14.3
19.3
22.0
17.7
11.9
5.6
5.9
4.4

7.2
14.5
21.1
21.2
21.7
11.2
5.8
6.1
4.7

7.4
15.1
21.7
20.5
22.3
11.9
5.9
5.9
4.7

7.3
15.4
21.7
24.1
19.2
12.5
5.7
6.0
4.7

3.032
1,042
514
215
295
528
1,971
1,791
173

3.702
1,198
542
258
294
656
2.514
2.264
277

3,500
1,239
621
289
334
618
2,254
2,052
204

5.4
10.4
14.7
16.6
13.5
8.1
4.2
4.5
2.6

6.4
11.4
16.6
16.3
16.8
8.6
5.3
5.6
3.6

6.2
11.2
16.9
20.4
14.9
8.1
5.2
5.5
3.0

6.5
13.1
16.9
19.5
15.8
11.1
5.1
5.4
3.3

6.5
12.4
16.4
19.9
14.6
10.3
5.3
5.5
4.2

6.2
13.0
19.4
23.9
16.7
9.8
4.8
5.0
3.1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-9. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutionaJ
population

Veteran status
and age

Unemployed
Total

Employed

Number

July
1990

July
1991

July
1990

July
1991

July
1990

July
1991

7.646
6.518
1,403
3t300
1.815
1,128

7,793
6.472
1,147
3,108
2,217
1.321

6,920
6,123
1,305
3,130
1.688
798

7,073
6,104
1.069
2,933
2,102
969

6.680
5.908
-1,246
3,023
772

6,755
5.817
980
2,814
2,024
938

241
215
59
107
49
26

17,290
7.972
5,103
4.215

18,465
8.422
5,887
4,155

16.188
7,581
4.752
3,855

17,275
7,961
5,519
3.795

15,590
7.320
4,564
3,707

16,400
7,562
5,255
3.583

598
262
188
148

July
1990

Percent of
labor force
July
1990

July
1991

318
286
69
119
78
32

3.5
3.5
4.5
3.4
2.9
3.2

4.5
4.7
8.4
4.1
3.7
3.3

876
399
264
212

3.7
3.5
4.0
3.8

5.1
5.0
4.8
5.6

July
1991

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 y e a r s !
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over

..!!.....*"".'

NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years „
45 to 49 years

-...
„

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces
between August 5, 1964 and May 7. 1975. Nonveterans are men who have
never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to those 35 to 49




years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the
Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states

(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted2

July
1990

June
1991

July
1991

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

21,961
14,965
14,115
850
5.7

22,403
14,824
13,633
1,191
8.0

22,447
14,961
13,769
1,193
8.0

21,961
14,731
13,955
776
5.3

22,281
14,666
13,542
1.124
7.7

22,321
14,740
13.644
1,096
7.4

22.363
14,655
13,530
1.125
7.7

22,403
14,753
13,545
1,208
8.2

22,447
14,725
13,609
1,116
7.6

10,132
6,425
6,030
395
6.1

10,344
6,455
5,948
507
7.9

10,365
6,505
5,981
524
8.1

10,132
6,328
5,956
372
5.9

10,285
6,421
5,940
481
7.5

10,305
6,357
5,922
435
6.8

10.324
6,405
5.927
478
7-5

10,344
6,396
5,918
478
7.5

10.365
6,413
5,913
500
7.8

8.876
6,174
5,786
387
6.3

8,914
6,117
5,673
444
7.3

8,919
6,128
5,732
396
6.5

8,876
6,083
5,679
404
6.6

8,903
6,093
5,676
417
6.8

8,906
6,045
5,657
388
6.4

8,910
5,979
5,623
356
6.0

8,914
6,061
5,620
441
7.3

8,919
6,042
5,636
406
6.7

4,620
3,224
3,014
209
6.5

4,623
3,167
2,867
300
9.5

4.624
3,161
2,864
297
9.4

4,620
3.159
2,967
192
6.1

4,622
3.145
2,841
304
9.7

4,622
3.115
2.855
260
8.3

4,623
3,130
2,828
302
9.6

4,623
3,105
2,810
295
9.5

4,624
3,099
2.818
281
9.1

7,001
4,689
4,326
363
7.7

7,015
4,597
4,174
423
9.2

7,018
4,532
4,141
390
8.6

7,001
4,606
4,262
344
7.5

7,011
4,710
4,207
503
10.7

7,012
4,593
4,129
464
10.1

7,014
4,545
4,110
435
9.6

7,015
4,552
4,138
414
9.1

7,018
4,446
4,075
371
8.3

6,028
4,134
3,922
212
5.1

6,025
4,096
3,831
265
6.5

6,026
4,122
3,855
267
6.5

6,028
4,068
3,870
198
4.9

6.026
3.987
3.717
270
6.8

6.025
4,034
3,773
261
6.5

6,025
3,985
3.716
269
6.8

6.025
4,058
3,789
269
6.6

6,026
4,054
3,800
254
6.3

13,802
8.874
8,415
459
5.2

13,800
8,739
8,111
627
7.2

13,802
8,703
6,099
604
6.9

13,802
8.676
8,218
458
5.3

13,800
8,645
8,054
591
6.8

13,799
8,724
8,072
652
7.5

13,799
8,712
8,071
641
7.4

13,800
8.642
7,978
664
7.7

13,802
8,511
7,909
602
7.1

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
,
.....
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
....
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Ciyilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
,
Employed
,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
.,
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted2

July
1990

June
1991

July
1991

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

5,002
3,494
3,336
157
4.5

5,058
3,482
3,266
216
6.2

5,064
3,510
3,298
212
6.0

5,002
3,410
3,255
155
4.5

5,043
3,402
3,210
192
5.6

5,048
3,417
3,221
196
5.7

5,053
3,412
3,183
229
6.7

5,058
3,443
3,230
213
6.2

5,064
3,426
3,214
212
6.2

8,286
5,472
5,194
278
5.1

8,309
5,508
5.152
356
6.5

8,312
5,546
5,196
349
6.3

8,286
5,420
5,115
305
5.6

8,302
5,470
5,073
397
7.3

8,304
5,523
5,124
399
7.2

8,306
5,467
5,163
304
5.6

8,309
5,447
5,100
347
6.4

8,312
5,497
5,119
378
6.9

9,390
5,974
5,664
310
5.2

9,411
6,024
5,618
406
6.7

9,415
6,051
5,625
426
7.0

9,390
5,878
5,577
301
5.1

9,405
5,822
5,389
433
7.4

9,407
5,960
5,537
423
7.1

9,409
5,969
5,510
459
7.7

9,411
5,940
5,543
397
6.7

9,415
5,952
5,534
418
7.0

12,379
8,528
7,990
538
6.3

12,523
8,645
8,121
523
6.1

12,538
8,738
8,142
596
6.8

12,379
8,394
7,876
518
6.2

12,483
8,623
8,050
573
6.6

12,496
8,692
8,074
618
7.1

12.509
8,546
8,000
546
6.4

12,523
8,543
8,061
482
5.6

12,538
8,619
8,038
581
6.7

North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics* estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
CIn thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
July
1990
Total
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Oil and gas extraction. ..
Construction
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Production workers
Durable goods
Production workers
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay/ and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing.. ..
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

| May
I 1991

June
|July
1991 E / | 1 9 9 1

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

|June
|1991fi/

July
1991 E /

110,0451109,304 109,819 108,562 110,269 108,902 108,736 108,887 108,866 108,815
91,839

90,495

90,312

90,447

90,440

90,399

24,0931 24,0241 25,027

23,877

23,794

23,847

23,789

23,779

717
397

714
402

710
400

706
399

704
397

703
396

4,748
4,964
4,897
5,446
1,377.1 1,173.0 1,211.6 1,226.9

5,145
1,309

4,720
1,196

4,688
1,184

4,715
1,177

4,709
1,172

4,687
1,166

92,5591 90,493
25,287

23,829

726
400.5

705
395.1

91,105

91,307

I

709
398.2

712
399.8

18,376
12,389

18,487
12,495

18,348
12,377

19,165
13,028

18,443
12,424

18,396
12,403

18,426
12,429

18,376
12,416

18,389
12,443

11,1181 10,576
7,3611
6,969

10,603
7,002

10,495
6,908

11,160
7,417

10,584
6,956

10,560
6,948

10,575
6,964

10,532
6,948

10,532
6,958

713.6
694.8
709.8
759.9
471.9
480.5
481.9,
500.4
524.9
522.8
528.91
564.5
713.0
720.4
722.51
755.0
259.6
261.0
260.5
277.5
,362.9 1 , 3 4 4 . 8
1,417.7 1,352.9
, 0 0 5 . 1 .,997.1 1 , 9 7 7 . 7
2,092.3 2
..,
1 , 6 6 7 . 2 1 , 5 9 2 . 7 1,598.2 1 , 5 7 9 . 2
,863.4 1 , 8 4 2 . 6
1,987.111,872.5
784.6
775.1
812.51 789.0
973.1
972.1
967.1
1,003.6
365.1
359.7
369.81 362.2

744
511
556
762
276
1,430
2,098
1,675
2,002
826
1,004
378

692
479
520
724
262
1,356
2,024
1,599
1,846
738
978
366

692
481
521
723
263
1,353
2,007
1,597
1,846
754
976
364

697
483
519
721
261
1,354
2,003
1,599
1,863
780
973
363

696
482
519
718
260
1,356
1,989
1,593
1,847
771
969
363

698
482
517
719
258
1,356
1,984
1,586
1,856
788
967
367

19,115
12,956

7,800
5,420

7,884
5,493

7,853
5,469

8,005
5,611

7,859
5,468

7,836
5,455

7,851
5,465

7,844
5,468

7,857
5,435

1,702.5 1,633.511, 676.2
44.41
45.8
44.8
664.0
682.6
668.6
1,010.9 1,015.0 1,026.8
687.0
705.4
694.3
1,573.1 1,538.8 t,534.0
1,102.4 1,084.8 L,094.8
161.2
159.1
162.1
860.6
886.71
853.7
121.4
126.21
119.7
84,7581 85,475 85,726

1,703.6
45.4
663.5
1,000.9
691.5
1,528.0
1,091.7
162.6
849.0
116.8

1,665
49
692
1,041
701
1,577
1,095
158
895
132

1,679
48
660
1,009
693
1,548
1,091
•158|
8521
121

1,6731
48
660
1,005
691
1,542
1,089
159
849
120

1,677
48
665
1,013
690
1,540
1,086
159
854
119

1,676
48
665
1,018
687
1,531
1,086
159
855
119

1,665
49
672
1,031
687
1,531
1,084
159
857
122

7,9971
5,5951

I

84,538

85,242

85,025

34,942

85,040

85,077

85,036

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities

5,8331
3,541
2,2921

5,821
3,560
2,261

5,850
3,574
2,276

5,810
3,529
2,281

5,832
3,560
2,272

5,824
3,549
2,275

5,814
3,544
2,270

5,819
3,556
2,263

5,811
3,549
2,262

5,808
3,547
2,261

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,2541
3,656
2,598

6,082
3,528
2,554

6,112
3,540
2,572

6,091
3,527
2,564

6,215
3,636
2,579

6,105
3,550
2,555

6,086
3,535
2,551

6,085
3,523
2,557

6,071
3,519
2,552

6,052
3,506
2,546

19,320
2,287.9
3,205."
8
2,035.3
6,669.8

19,495
2,302.4
3 ,242.4
2,050.7
6,781.3

19,455
2,299.5
3,254.1
2,064.2
6,740.7

19,710
2,526
3,234
2,086
6,559

19,378
2,396
3,245
2,036
6,561

19,324
2,372
3,226
2,031
6,560

19,339
2,356
3,225
2,031
6,571

19,340
2,354
3,233
2,032
6,571

19,358
2,351
3,241
2,038
6,576

6,771
3,302
2,138
1,331

6,790
3,311
2,141
1,338

6,745
3,303
2,121
1,321

6,735
3,297
2,140
1,293

6,718
3,292
2,134
1,292

6,712
3,287
2,132
1,293

6,702
3,282
2,129
1,291

6,697
3,281
2,128
1,288

28,5381 28,7311 28,9861 28,935
5,290,815,267.315 ,321.115,314.5
7,893.8|8,157.3j8 ,248.9 8,276.4

28,310
5,260
7,860

23,6451 28,727
5,284
5,278
8,208
8,165

28,705
5,283
8,243

18,426
2,951
4,362
11,113

18,416
2,950
4,364
11,102

Service-producing industries

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations..
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services
Health services
Government
Federal
State
Local

19,809
2,469.2
3,247.5
2,112.4
6,721.1

6,838 6,710
3,332
3,2801
2,1331
2,1321
1,3731
1,2981

17,4861 13,811
3,200| 2,961
4,409
4,0841
10,202| 11,441

18,512
2,981
4,240
11,291

_L
• preliminary.




17,457
2,988
4,133
10,336

28,5761 28,576
5,257
5,2541
8,147
8,1141

18,430J 18,407
2,951
3,1621
4,359
4,3111
10,9571 11,097

13,424
2,953
4,352
11,119

18,440
2,952
4,348
11,140

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfartn payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

July
1990

May
1991

June
1991D/

Seasonally adjusted

July
1991p/

July
1990

Mar.
1991
34.2

Apr.
1991
34.0

| May
1 1991

July
1991p/

34.3

34.5

34.1

44.9

44.9

43.8

34.9

34.2

34.7

34.5

Mining

43.6

44.3

44.9

43.5

Construction

38.4

38.2

38.7

38.6

C2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

C2)

Manufacturing
I 40.5
Overtime hours
3.6
41.0
Durable goods
3.6
Overtime hours
40.0
Lumber and wood products
3V.0
Furniture and fixtures
42.0
Stone, clay/ and glass products
42.9
Primary metal industries
44.1
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
40.9
Fabricated metal products
41.6
Industrial machinery and equipment
40.1
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
41.9
Transportation equipment.
42.3
Motor vehicles and equipment
40.6
Instruments and related products
38.8
Miscellaneous manufacturing

40.3
3.2

40.9
3.7

40.3
3.6

40.9
3.7

40.3
3.3

40.2

40.4

40.8
3.7

40.7
3.7

40.7
3.2

41.5
3.7

40.7
3.5

41.5
3.8

40.6
3.2

40.7

40.8

3.3

3.3

41.3 |
3.7 |

41.2
3.7

39.9
38.4
41.7
41.6
41.8
40.8
41
40
41
42
40
39.2 I

41.1
39.1
42.5
42.4
42.8
41.5
41.8
40.8
42.3
43.4
41.0
39.8

40.1
38.6
42.2
41.9
42.4
40
41
40
41
42.3
40.2
38.5

40
39
41
43.2
44.
41
42.0
40
42
43
41
39.5

39.2
38.2
41.
41.
41.8
40
41
40,
40,
40
40
39.3

39.7
38.9
41.5
41.6
41.8
40.8
41.2
40.6
41.2
41.5
40.8
39.3

40.6
39.2
42.0
42.2
42.5
41.3
41.7
40.7
42.0
42.8
41.0 j
39.8 |

40.3
39.1
42.1
42.2
42.4
41.4
41.6
40.8
41.9
43.3
40.
39.2

39.8
3.6

39.8
3.3

40.3
3.7

39.9
3.7

40.1
3.6

39.9
3.4

39.2
38.9
41.3
41.4
41.3
40.7
41.3
40.6
41.0
41.3
40.8
39.2
39.7
3.4

39.9

40.1 |
3.7

40.1
3.7

40
38
39
36
43
37
42
44.7
40.8

40,
39.
40.
36
42.8
37.1
42.4
45.1
40.9
37.2

40.6
39.5
41.2
37.2
43.2
37.4
43.0
44.5
41.3
38.3

40.5
38.2
40.4
36.8
43.2
37.3
42.3
43.9
40.4
37.5

40.5
(2)
40.2
36.6
43.5
38.0
42.4
(2)
41.4

40.6
(2)
39.4
36.6
43.2
37.6
42.7
(2)
40.6
37.1

40.3
(2)
39.6
36.4
42.9
37.5
42.4
(2)
40.7
37.1

40.3
(2)
40.2
36.7
43.0
37.5
42.5
(2)
40.9
37.2

40.5
(2)
40.8
36.9
43.2
37.8
43.0
(2)
41.1
37.6

40.5
(2)
40.8
37.0
43.5
37.6
42.6
(2)
41.0
37.5

38.6

39.1

38.6

38.1 j

38.4

38.1

28.6

29.2

29.3

35.5

36.2

35.6

32.3

32.8 '

32.6

Total private.

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill .products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products.
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities.
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance* and real estate.
Services

37.4
39.5
38.3
29.7
36.2
I 32.9

J/ Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonfarm payrolls.




43.7

37.4

L

39.1
38.1
28.9
(2) j

L

32.5

44.6
I (2)

5.5

3.4

38.6

38.4

38.8

38.1

37.9

38.2

28.6

28.4

28.7

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.4 | 32.2

32.5

38.9
38.3
28.9
(2)
32.7 I

38.1
37.9
28.4
CZJ
32.2

2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative
to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
P " preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

Total private

May
1991

$9.99
10.05

$10.31
10.32

$10.31
10.37

$10.30
10.36

June

r

IJuly
| July
I199l£/ 1990

July
1990

Seasonally adjusted
13.74

14.10

14.27

14.26

599.06

624.63

640.72

620.31

13.76

13.96

13.87

13.97

528.38

533.27

536.77

539.24

10.87

11.15

11.19

11.23

440.24

449.35

457.67

452.57

11.38
9.15
8.49
11.16
13.05
14.95
10.86
11.78
10.33
14.06
14.57
11.36
8.60

11.70
9.23
8.67
11.34
13.22
15.19
11.15
12.11
10.66
14.74
15.34
11.67
8.85

11.76
9.34
8.74
11.40
13.32
15.30
11.21
12.17
10.74
14.82
15.46
11.70
8.88

11.80
9.32
8.77
11.43
13.39
15.40
11.25
12.24
10.79
14.81
15.42
11.70
8.89

466.58
366.00
331.11
468.72
559.85
659.30
444.17
490.05
414.23
589.11
616.31
461.22
333.68

488.04
383.87
341.73
484.501
564.771
654.841
465.221
508.711
438.191
626.89
670.96
479.70
353.42

480.26
373.73
338.52
482.35
561.04
652.96
457.88
504.29
432.68
611.65
652.27
470.34
342.27

10.18
9.66
17.28
8.01
6.57
12.36
11.25
13.59
16.23
9.83
6.78

I 1 0 .41

10.43
9.92
9 .93
18 .01
18.38
8 .22
8.28
6 .73
6.78
12 .63 I 12.65
11 .39 | 11.44
14 . 0 1 I 14.06
16 .89
16.84
10 .08
10.08
7 .15
7.14
13.17
13.17
11.11
11.19
6.97
6.97
10.36
10.41
10.21
10.19

10.50
9.89
18.70
8.26
6.80
12.81
11.53
14.23
17.02
10.11

405.16
392.20
667.01
318.00
238.49
533.95
424.13
572.14
725.48
401.06
253.57

476.19
368.28
332.93
472.88
549.95
634.94
454.92
497.72
429.60
611.71
645.81
472.64j
346.92!
414.321
399.19
702.39
329.62
246.99
540.56
422.57
594.02
761.74
412.27

420.33
402.75
726.01
341.14
252.22
546.48
427.86
604.53
749.38
416.30
273.46

418.95
400.55
714.34
333.70
250.24
553.39
430.07
601.93
747.18
408.44
267.00

514.95

510.29

429.70
423.29
199.341 203.52

424.82

199.88
361.64

367.781 376.84

368.82

321.10

329.781 334.23

330.89

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
•
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products.
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
•
Petroleum and coal products
•
Rubber and misc. plastics products
.
Leather and leather products
.
Transportation and public utilities

13.00

Wholesale trade

10.81
6.73

Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and-real estate

9.99

Services

9.76

1/

\

May
|June
IJuly
1991
199l£/ I1991£/
$348.65 $352.60 $357.76|$355.35
346.73 353.98 357.771 353.28

7.12
13.22
11.15
6.96
10.36
10.15

265.98

513.50

508.36

414.02

P = preliminary.

See footnote 1, table B - 2 .

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers,!/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

July
1990

Mar.
1991

Apr.
1991

I May
1991

June

July
1

Total private:
j
j
j
Current dollars
j $10,051 $10,241 $10 . 28 j $10,321 $10.37 $10.36
.49
N.A.
Constant C1982) dollarsj?/
1 7.57 | 7.46 1 7.471
.471
14.30
Mining
1 13.781 14 . 031 14 . 051 14.131 14.33
14.011
Construction
| 13.811 13.97 | 14.05J 14.00
13.97
11.23
Manufacturing
| 10.871 11.051 1 1 . 1 2 11.15
11.19
10.75
Excluding overtime^/
j 10.391 10.611 10.65
10.70
10.71
13.23
Transportation and public utilitiesi 13.011 13.16J 1 3 . 1 9
13.24
13.24
11.15
Wholesale trade
1 10.82| 11.071 1 1 . 0 8 11.12
11.23
7.0l|
Retail trade
| 6.7SI
6.90 6.97
6.98)
7.00J
Finance* insurance* and real estate! 10.03 i 10.32
1 0 . 2 8 10.351 10.491 10.401
Services
| 9.88| 10.13
1 0 . 1 6 10.241 10.291 10.271

L
1/ See footnote 1, table B-2.
£/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is
used to deflate this series.
£/ Change was 0.3 percent from May 1991
to June 1991, the latest month available.



L

Percent
change
from:
June 1 9 9 1 July 1991

-0.1
(3)
-.2
.3
.4
.3
-.1
-.7
.1
-.9
-.2

4/ Derived by assuming that overtime
hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf.
N.A. = not available.
£/ = preliminary.

203.93

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm payrolls
by industry
(1982=100)
j
Industry

Not seasonally adjusted

I
I
I
jJuly May (June
1990 1991 1991 E /

July
199l£/

Total private.

126.4 120.8

124.0

122.9

Goods-producing industries.

111.0 103.0

106.1

104.4

63.6

64;7

62.8

Construction

149.0 125.9

132.5

134.5

Manufacturing

105.8 100.7

103.1

100.7

104.6
132.8
120.7
111.6
93.0
84.3
106.0
96.2
104.2
118.5
126.0
85.9
97.3

100
126
116
105
87
76
102
91

Mining

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products.*
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities.
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Services
1/

See footnote 1, table B-2.




98.4
120.1
113.4
101.8
85.6
74.41
100
90.7
99.9
111.4
122.5
82.4
95.6

102.0
113.4
126.4

97.5

124.4
112.1
103.3
84.8
74.7
98.9

98.8

109.4

Seasonally adjusted
July
1990

Mar.
1991

107.4 100.9 100.7 101.2
106.8 97.8 97.9 98.4
130.0 117.0 117.4 119.7
125.8 112.6 115.3 115.6
109.5 99.9 100.1 100.4
95.0 85
85.4 85.8
83.9 74
74.1 74
109.2 99.9 100.0 100.4
97.8 92
91.3 90.5
107.1 99
100.7 101.1
122.5 106
107.3 109.5
134.5 108
113.0 118.6

83.5
97.9

103.9
105.9
61.8
94.8
91.5
107,
121
101
88
126.6 121
55.7

106.6
110.6
63.8
98.1
93.9
110
121.4
103,
89,
123.

105.2
112.7
62.5
95.6
90.3
109.6
120.6
101.3
88.6

58.1

54.5

128.8

132.1

131.2

130.3 129.0

114.1

115.5 114.1

59.9

133.3
116.8

114.0

116.3

118.2

113.8

119

May
1991

124.0 120.9 120.0 121.2
110.2 102.7 102.5 103.2
I
64.51 65.01 64.3 64.4
137.1 I123.2 122.7 124.4

121.3
81.2
93.1

107.5
112.6
62.5
96.4
89.8
111
.1126.8
104.5
90.0

Apr.
1991

87.3
101.9

84
96.9

108.4
109.5
70.2
98.8
93.5
111.6
128.6
104
86
129
62.6

105.2
111.0
67.2
92.3
90
109.7
123.5
103.1
86.3
119.7
55.9

83.9
96.3

83.4
96.2

104.5 105.2
109.6 110.0
6 6 . 2 69.3
93.0
95.2
89.8 91.2
108.6 108.8
122.8 122.1
102.4 101.6
87.0 88.4
119.6 121
55.4
55.3

127.9
113.3

129.3
114.7

114.2
116.6 114.3
113.4
124.11120.6 119.31120.6
I
I
121.3 1120.7 119.9 118.3 119.7

115.6

114.2

120.01 123.8
128.2
123.7 118.9 122.8

124.0

149.0 146.7

149.2 1145.7 146.51145.4 147.1
I
JL

150.2

P = preliminary.

June

122.1
103.8
64.0

IJuly
1991p/
120.4

I
| 103.6
I 62.5

124.3

123.5

102.1

102.1

99.4
122.4
117.1
101.6
86.5
75.1
101
90,
101
111.2
122,
83,
97.4

99.
122.0
116.2
101.
86.
74.
101.
90.
101.
112.
127.
82.6
97.4

105.9
110.7
68.8
96.6
92.2
108.9
122.5
102.6
85.7
122.3

106,
109,
69,
97,
93,
109.
122.2
101
85.
122.
57.0

56.0
128.0
130.3
112.7
114.9
112.6
114.2
119.3
121.4
118.1
121.2
146.1
148.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B~6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)
Time span

n.
Jan.

I

I Feb. t Mar.

Apr.

1 May

I June

I July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries!/
Over 1-month spans
1989
1990
1991

64.5
58.1
38.5

59 .0
58 .1
36 .9

58 .7
52 ,2
38 .6

53. 9
48. 7
38. 5

53.8
52 .7
48.3
52 .8
51 .1 E'46.2

52 .9
46
E/50 !s

54 .6
47 • 8

49.2
45.1

56 .6
41 .4

59.6
40.3

52.1
42.0

Over 3-month spam
1989
1990
1991

67.6
58.8
31.6

65 .2
59 .0
30 .8

61 .1
54 .4
30 .3

56. 2
50.
38. 3

53.9
54 .5
49.4
48 .7
£/39 .7 E'49.4

54 .9
45 .6

52 .5
43

55/9
40.0

56 .0
37 .4

55.8
35.8

59.1
35.1

Over 6-month spam
1989....
1990
1991

67.7
56,6
26.7

65 .0
55 .2
31 .2

63 .3
55 .2
E/29 .8

65.3 1 65 .2
54.6 1 54 .5
E/30.2

62 .2
51 .4

Over 12-month spam
1989
1990
1991

59. 0
51. 8
7

56 .5
47 .6

53.4
44.9

54 .5
42 .7

55 .9
38 .6

53.8
37.2

58 .1
34 .8

57.9
30.9

59.1
28.8

61. 5
48.

61 .5
46 .6

59.6
43.5

57 .6
40

56 .7
35 .8

55.8
34.1

56 .0
30 .6

55.5
32.0

55.6
p/29.9

£ /33.

Manufacturing payrolls* 139 industries!/
!

Over 1-month spam
1989
1990
1991

58.6
46.0
31.7

50.7
51.1
28.4

48.9
41.4
29.9

47.5
47.8
38.5

Over 3-month spam
1989
1990.,
1991

56.5
45.0
19.4

54.3
43.2
16.5

49.3
45.0
18.0

43.5
38.1
30.2

Over 6-month spam
1989
1990
1991

57.9
39.9
10.4

51.8
36.7
17.3

.1 53.6
.1 35.3
.lp/14.4

56.1
33.5

Over 12-month spam
1989
1990
1991

45.0
48.6
40.3
37.1
fi/19.1 fi/23.7

51.8
31.3

46.4
29.5

1/ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3->
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month
span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE* Figures are the percent of industries with




47.1
41.7
46.8

44.2
'>4.2
43.2
39.6
fi/43.9 £/55.4

45.7
40.3

38.8
38.8

48.2
34.5

48.6
27.3

45.3
33.8

42.1
42.8
37.4
38.1
fi/34.9 E/48.6

40.3
35.6

36.3
31.3

39.9
27.0

41.0
23.0

41.0
21.6

41.7
18.3

41.7
32.4

38.1
30.6

38.1
24.1

38.1
20.5

35.6
21.2

38.8
17.3

39.6
16.2

39.6
11.9

44.6
25.2

41.7
20.9

38.1
19.8

35.3
14.0

34.9
12.9

36.3
10.1

32.4
11.2

32.7
fi/10.8

employment increasing plus one-half of the industries
with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment.