Full text of The Employment Situation : July 1988

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Bureau of Labor Statistics

Technical information: (202) 523-1371
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Media contact:
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United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212

USDL 88-386
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
AUGUST 5, 1988

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JULY 1988
Payroll employment continued to increase in July and unemployment was
little changed, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Department of
Labor reported today.
Both the overall and the civilian worker jobless
rates were 5.4 percent.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the survey of
business establishments, rose by 285,000 in July, seasonally adjusted. By
contrast, total civilian employment, as measured by the household survey,
was about unchanged, after increasing by an unusually large amount in June.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons in July totaled 6.6 million,
seasonally adjusted, and the unemployment rate for civilian workers was 5.4
percent.
Both figures were little changed from June. Since July of last
year, the number of unemployed persons has fallen by 630,000, and the
jobless rate has declined six-tenths of a percentage point.
A large part of the over-the-year improvement in unemployment occurred
among adult men.
Their jobless rate for July (4.5 percent) and that for
adult women (5.1 percent) were essentially unchanged, while the rate for
teenagers rose by 1.6 percentage points to 15.2 percent, near its May
level.
The rates for whites (4.7 percent) and blacks (11.4 percent)—
including black teenagers (31.1 percent)—were little changed from June.
The rate for Hispanics fell to 8.0 percent. (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Civilian employment was essentially unchanged at 115.1 million in
July, following large swings in recent months. The employment-population
ratio held at a high of 62.3 percent.
The civilian labor force edged
upward by 210,000 in July to 121.7 million. This was 1.8 million above the
July 1987 level. (See table A-2.)




-

2 -

Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Employment in nonagricultural establishments rose by 285,000 in July.
This increase,
coupled with
a substantial upward revision of the
preliminary June estimates, brought the number of payroll jobs to 106.3
million, seasonally adjusted.
Strong gains occurred in manufacturing and
several industries in the service-producing sector. (See table B-l.)
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

Monthly data

Quarterly
averages

JuneJuly
change

Category
1988

1988
I

May

II

June

July

HOUSEHOLD DATA
•

Labor force 1/
Total employment 1/..
Civilian labor force...
Civilian employment..
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers..

Thousands of
122,968 122,692
116,352 115,909
121,258 120,978
114,642 114,195
6,616
6,783
63,131
63,396
910
N.A.

persons
123,157
116,703
121,472
115,018
6,455
63,090
N.A.

123,357
116,732
121,684
115,059
6,625
63,045
N.A.

200
29
212
41
170
-45
N.A.

5.4
5.4
4.5
5.1
15.2
4.7
11.4
8.0

0.2
.1
-.1
.2
1.6
.2
-.1
-1.0

Thousands of jobs
104,670 pl05,597 105,489 pl06,021 pl06,304
25,260 p25,497
25,466 p25,590 p25,672
79,410 p80,100
80,023 p80,431 p80,632

p283
p82
p201

122,882
115,954
121,142
114,214
6,928
62,825
1,027

Percent of ]Labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/
All civilian workers.

White
Black
Hispanic origin....

5.6
5.7
5.0
5.0
16.0
4.8
12.5
7.9

5.4
5.5
4.7
4.9
15.0
4.6
12.0
9.1

5.5
' 5.6
4.9
4.9
15.6
4.7
12.4
9.0

5.2
5.3
4.6
4.9
13.6
4.5
11.5
9.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Goods-producing
Service-producing....

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.7
41.0
3.8

p34.8
p41.1
p3.9

1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
p=preliminary.




34.7
41.0
3.9

p34.7
p41.1
p3.9

p34.9
p41.1
p3.9

p0.2
P0
P0

N.A.=not available.

- 3 Manufacturing continued to display vigorous employment growth, as the
number of factory jobs rose by 70,000 to reach 19.6 million.
As in the
previous month, most of this increase.was in durable goods manufacturing,
especially machinery.
Elsewhere in the goods sector, employment in
construction rose very slightly in July, after increasing by 70,000 in
June.
While jobs in general building contracting have shown little
strength this summer, there have been strong gains in the special trades
(plumbing, electrical, masonry, etc.).
Employment in the service-producing sector rose by about 200,000 in
July.
Retail trade gained 80,000 jobs, equaling June^s strong growth;
recent increases have been widespread throughout the industry, except for
general merchandise stores.
Employment in the fast-growing services
division was up by a relatively modest 65,000 in July but has gained about
360,000 jobs since April. Wholesale trade continued to exhibit strong job
growth with an increase of 25,000, entirely in durable goods distribution.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) '
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls rose by 0.2 hour to 34.9 hours in July,
seasonally adjusted.
While the factory workweek and overtime were
unchanged at 41.1 and 3.9 hours, respectively, they remained very high by
historical standards. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 126.3 (1977=100), rose by
0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted. The index for manufacturing rose by 0.6
percent to 96.7. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers rose 0.4 percent in July to $9.32, seasonally adjusted, and average
weekly earnings rose by 1.0 percent, reflecting the increases in hourly
earnings and in the length of the workweek. Prior to seasonal adjustment,
average hourly earnings rose by 2 cents to $9.25, and average weekly
earnings increased by $1.63 to $324.68. (See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 178.9 (1977=100) in July,
seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.5 percent from June.
For the 12
months ended in July, the increase was 3.6 percent. In dollars of constant
purchasing power, the HEI decreased 0.5 percent during the 12—month period
ending in June.
The HEI is computed so as to exclude the effects of two
types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations
in manufacturing overtime and interindustry employment shifts. (See table
B-4.)




- 4 Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings Index will no longer be
published in this release.
For further information, see "Employment Cost
Index Series to Replace Hourly Earnings Index," Monthly Labor Review, July
1988, pp. 32-34.
ECI data are currently published quarterly in a news
release, in the Monthly Labor Review, and in Current Wage Developments.

The Employment Situation for
September 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).




August 1988 will be released on Friday,

Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond d&ectly to the calendar week.
- The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.

that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.

Coverage, definitions, and differences
between survsys

— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-1 and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based oil a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
' 'Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.

Seasonal adjustmsnt
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.

Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.

Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $22.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
j

Employment status and sex

i
June
1988

July
1987

July
1988

July
1987

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

|

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio"
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force

'
i
I

184,605
123,825
67.1
116,372
63.0
1,720
114,652
3,754
110,898
7,453
6.0
60,779

186,247
124,713
67.0
117,894
63.3
1,685
116,209
3,546
112,663
6,819
5.5
61,534

186,402
125,561
67.4
118,739
63.7
1,673
117,066
3,541
113,524
6,823
5.4
60,841

184,605
121,610
65.9
114,359
61.9
1,720
112,639
3,212
109,427
7,251
• 6.0
62,995

185,847
122,639
66.0
115,839
62.3
1,736
114,103
3,204
110,899
6,801
5.5
63,208

185,964
123,055
66.2
116,445
62.6
1,732
114,713
3,228
111,485
6,610
5.4
62,909

186,088
122,692
65.9
115,909
62.3
1,714
114,195
3,035
111,160
6,783
5.5
63,396

186,247
123,157
66.1
116,703
62.7
1,685
115,018
3,085
111,933
6,455
5.2
63,090

186,402
123,357
66.2
116,732
62.6
1,673
115,059
3,046
112,014
6,625
5.4
63,045

88,534
69,338
78.3
65,375
73.8
1,561
63,814
3,963
5.7

89,367
69,624
77.9
65,996
73.8
1,523
64,473
3,628
5.2

89,445
70,205
78.5
66,676
74.5
1,512
65,164
3,529
5.0

88,534
67,671
76.4
63,711
72.0
1,561
62,150
3,960
5.9

89,168
68,148
76.4
64,332
72.1
1,573
62,759
3,816
5.6

89,225
68,445
76.7
64,892
72.7
1,569
63,323
3,553
5.2

89,287
68,318
76.5
64,583
72.3
1,553
63,030
3,736
5.5

89,367
68,429
76.6
64,934
72.7
1,523
63,411
3,495
5.1

89,445
68,521
76.6
65,002
72.7
1,512
63,490
3,519
5.1

96,801
54,374
56.2
51,327
53.0
161
51,166
3,047
5.6

96,880
54,728
56.5
51,769
53.4
162
51,607
2,960
5.4

96,957
54,836
56.6
51,730
53.4
161
51,569
3,106
5.7

Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

j

Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
.•
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

96,071
54,488
56.7
50,998
53.1
I
159
50,839
3,490
6.4

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




96,957
55,356
57.1
52,063
53.7
161
51,902
3,294
6.0

96,880
55,089
56.9
51,898
53.6
162
51,736
3,191
5.8
3

96,071
53,939
56.1
50,648
52.7
159
50,489
3,291
6.1

96,679
54,491
56.4
51,507
53.3
163
51,344
2,985
5.5

96,739
54,610
56.5
51,553
53.3
163
51,390
3,057
5.6

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4

5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted1

!

I

Employment status, sex, and age
July
1987

!

June
1988

!
|

July
1988

|

July
1987

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

!

July
1988

l

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

182,885
122,105
66.8
114,652
62.7
7,453
6.1

184,562
123,028
66.7
116,209
63.0
6,819
5.5

184,729
123,888
67.1
117,066
63.4
6,823
5.5

182,885
119,890
65.6
112,639
61.6
7,251
6.0

184,111
120,903
65.7
114,103
62.0
6,801
5.6

184,232
121,323
65.9
114,713
62.3
6,610
5.4

184,374
120,978
65.6
114,195
61.9
6,783
5.6

184,562
121,472
65.8
115,018
62.3
6,455
5.3

184,729
121,684
65.9
115,059
62.3
6,625
5.4

79,625
62,645
78.7
59,458
74.7
2,556
56,902
3,187
5.1

80,526
63,134
78.4
60,350
74.9
2,416
57,934
2,784
4.4

80,608
63,320
78.6
60,622
75.2
2,454
58,168
2,697
4.3

79,625
62,106
78.0
58,783
73.8
2,333
56,450
3,323
5.4

80,260
62,497
77.9
59,407
74.0
2,253
57,154
3,089
4.9

80,326
62,791
78.2
59,883
74.5
2,255
57,627
2,909
4.6

80,402
62,662
77.9
59,590
74.1
2,181
57,409
3,072
4.9

80,526
62,667
77.8
59,797
74.3
2,208
57,588
2,870
4.6

80,608
62,769
77.9
59,954
74.4
2,247
57,706
2,815
4.5

88,632
49,564
55.9
46,811
52.8
749
46,062
2,753
5.6

89,502
50,420
56.3
47,972
53.6
704
47,268
2,448
4.9

89,588
50,426
56.3
47,783
53.3
650
47,133
2,643
5.2

88,632
49,886
56.3
47,206
53.3
620
46,586
2,680
5.4

89,261
50,542
56.6
48,132
53.9
656
47,476
2,411
4.8

89,307
50,612
56.7
48,170
53.9
692
47,478
2,442
4.8

89,382
50,441
56.4
47,960
53.7
587
47,373
2,481
4.9

89,502
50,642
56.6
48,169
53.8
616
47,553
2,473
4.9

89,588
50,775
56.7
48,199
53.8
542
47,657
2,576
5.1

14,628
9,896
67.6
8,383
57.3
448
7,934
1,513
15.3

14,534
9,474
65.2
7,887
54.3
425
7,461
1,588
16.8

14,533
10,143
69.8
8,661
59.6
438
8,223
1,482
14.6

14,628
7,898
54.0
6,650
45.5
259
6,391
1,248
15.8

14,591
7,865
53.9
6,564
45.0
295
6,269
1,301
16.5

14,598
7,919
54.2
6,660
45.6
280
6,380
1,259
15.9

14,590
7,875
54.0
6,645
45.5
267
6,378
1,230
15.6

14,534
8,163
56.2
7,051
48.5
260
6,791
1,112
13.6

14,533
8,141
56.0
6,907
47.5
257
6,650
1,234
15.2

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population,

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

1

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

July
1987

June
1988

July
1988

July
1987

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

157,058
104,987
66.8
99,609
63.4
5,378
5.1

158,166
106,015
67.0
101,069
63.9
4,946
4.7

158,279
106,381
67.2
101,432
64.1
4,949
4.7

157,058
103,248
65.7
97,917
62.3
5,331
5.2

157,868
104,171
66.0
99,274
62.9
4,897
4.7

157,943
104,574
66.2
99,751
63.2
4,824
4.6

158,034
104,209
65.9
99,297
62.8
4,913
4.7

158,166
104,691
66.2
99,932
63.2
4,759
4.5

158,279
104,603
66.1
99,725
63.0
4,878
4.7

54,625
78.9
52,250'
75.5
2,375
4.3

55,085
78.8
53,016
75.9
2,069
3.8

55,196
78.9
53,182
76.1
2,014
3.6

54,198
78.3
51,670
74.7
2,528
4.7

54,522
78.2
52,245
75.0
2,277
4.2

54,699
78.5
52,538
75.4
2,161
4.0

54,618
78.3
52,314
75.0
2,304
4.2

54,662
78.2
52,491
75.1
2,171
4.0

54,732
78.3
52,603
75.2
2,129
3.9

41,927
55.3
39,975
52.7
1,951
4.7

42,742
55.9
41,018
53.7
1,724
4.0

42,568
55.7
40,671
53.2
1,897
4.5

42,241
55.7
40,343
53.2
1,898
4.5

42,841
56.2
41,183
54.0
1,658
3.9

42,986
56.3
41,297
54.1
1,689
3.9

42,827
56.1
41,104
53.8
1,723
4.0

42,921
56.2
41,183
53.9
1,738
4.0

42,887
56.1
41,040
53.7
1,847
4.3

8,436
70.5
7,384
61.7
1,051
12.5
12.1
12.8

8,188
69.0
7,034
59.3
1,154
14.1
14.2
13.9

8,617
72.6
7,579
63.9
1,038
12.0
12.9
11.1

6,809
56.9
5,904
49.3
905
13.3
13.5
13.1

6,807
57.2
5,845
49.1
962
14.1
15.7
12.4

6,889
58.0
5,916
49.8
973
14.1
14.5
13.7

6,764
57.0
5,879
49.5
885
13.1
13.8
12.4

7,108
59.9
6,258
52.7
850
12.0
12.8
11.1

6,983
58.9
6,081
51.3
902
12.9
14.6
11.1

20,373
13,468
66.1
11,645
57.2
1,823
13.5

20,683
13,231
64.0
11,597
56.1
1,634
12.4

20,715
13,700
66.1
12,031
58.1
1,669
12.2

20,373
13,039
64.0
11,381
55.9
1,658
12.7

20,596
13,098
63.6
11,420
55.4
1,678
12.8

20,622
13,078
63.4
11,482
55.7
1,597
12.2

20,650
13,069
63.3
11,452
55.5
1,617
12.4

20,683
12,989
62.8
11,489
55.5
1,500
11.5

20,715
13,293
64.2
11,774
56.8
1,519
11.4

6,159
76.3
5,463
67.7
696
11.3

6,128
74.6
5,518
67.2
610
10.0

6,161
74.9
5,569
67.7
592
9.6

6,061
75.1
5,384
66.7
677
11.2

6,127
75.0
5,429
66.4
699
11.4

6,163
75.3
5,511
67.3
652
10.6

6,107
74.5
5,449
66.5
658
10.8

6,064
73.8
5,458
66.5
606
10.0

6,070
73.8
5,492
66.8
578
9.5

6,104
60.2
5,388
53.2
716
11.7

.6,043
58.7
5,405
52.5
638
10.6

6,284
61.0
5,616
54.5
668
10.6

6,116
60.4
5,417
53.5
699
11.4

6,136
59.9
5,465
53.3
671
10.9

6,093
59.4
5,407
52.7
686
11.3

6,059
59.0
5,414
52.7
645
10.6

6,074
59.0
5,421
52.7
652
10.7

6,307
61.2
5,650
54.8
657
10.4

1,254
57.4
846
38.7
409
32.6
32.3
32.9

862
39.8
580
26.8
282
32.7
32.4
33.1

834
38.3
526
24.2
308
36.9
39.0
35.0

822
37.7
564
25.9
258
31.4
27.6
35.5

903
41.4
589
27.0
314
34.8
33.3
36.6

852
39.0
610
28.0
242
28.4
30.4
25.9

917
42.0
632
28.9
285
31.1
30.4
31.8

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
:
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
•.
Unemployment rate

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ra o2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

1,205
55.6
794
36.6
411
34.1
33.9
34.3

1,061
48.6
673
30.8
387'
36.5
35.1
38.2

i
See footnotes at end of table.




i

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

July
1987

June
1988

July
1988

July
1987

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

12,887
8,583
66.6
7,883
61.2
700
8.2

13,306
9,132
68.6
8,334
62.6
798
8.7

13,344
9,133
68.4
8,396
62.9
737
8.1

12,887
8,447
65.5
7,762
60.2
685
8.1

13,192
8,803
66.7
8,079
61.2
724
8.2

13,230
8,828
66.7
8,010
60.5
818
9.3

13,268
8,859
66.8
8,058
60.7
801
9.0

13,306
9,027
67.8
8,219
61.8
809
9.0

13,344
8,984
67.3
8,264
61.9
720
8.0

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Category
July
1987

June
1988

July
1988

July
1987

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

116,20a 117,066
40,606
28,426
6,055

40,657
28,138
6,127

112,639
40,262
28,283
6,033

114,103
40,481
28,805
6,160

114,713
40,459
28,859
6,055

114,195
40,267
28,567
5,957

115,018
40,485
28,713
6,085

115,059
40,535
28,654
6,145

1,967
1,572
215

1,862
1,466
217

1,853
1,482
207

1,625
1,424
153

1,648
1,423
142

1,678
1,385
155

1,526
1,346
159

1,562
1,359
167

1,539
1,346
148

102,350
16,355
85,996
1,353
84,643
8,279
269

103,780
16,672
87,108
1,227
85,881
8,568
315

104,659
16,433
88,226
1,251
86,975
8,605
259

100,825
16,876
83,949
1,212
82,737
8,216
266

102,279
16,908
85,371
1,175
84,196
8,366
248

102,538
17,015
85,523
1,092
84,431
8,637
281

101,927
16,887
85,040
1,156
83,884
8,917
307

103,000
17,064
85,935
1,150
84,786
8,577
301

103,133
16,959
86,174
1,123
85,051
8,528
255

114,652
40,402
27,744
6,031

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

6,219
2,387
3,452
11,826

5,785
2,251
3,059
13,013"

6,141
2,450
3,309
12,357

5,428
2,429
2,683
14,437

5,343
2,520
2,535
14,603

5,194
2,236
2,502
15,016

4,844
2,227
2,315
14,790

5,317
2,364
2,637
14,507

5,382
2,490
2,581
15,070

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,848
2,203
3,290
11,324

5,492
2,098
2,935
12,520

5,869
2,292
3,214
11,911

5,154
2,261
2,599
13,953

5,106
2,325
2,475
14,141

4,924
2,121
2,397
14,592

4,623
2,120
2,236
14,338

5,076
2,199
2,566
14,083

5,185
2,351
2,545
14,669

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data

Quarterly averages
Measure

1988

1988

1987

II

III

IV

I

II

Mav

June

Julv

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.3

U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.7

2.5

2.5

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.1

4.2

U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

5.9

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.1

5.2

4.9

5.0

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces

6.2

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.5

5.2

5.4

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force

6.3

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.6

5.3

5.4

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers pigs 1 /2 part-time jobseekers plus
1 / 2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1 / 2 of the part-time labor force

8.5

8.2

8.1

8.0

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.6

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1 /2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1 / 2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

9.3

9.0

8.8

8.8

8.3

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N.A. = not available.

Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Category
July
1988

June
1988

July
1987

July
1987

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

CHARACTERISTIC
7,251
3,960
3,323
3,291
2,680
1,248

6,455
3,495
2,870
2,960
2,473
1,112

6,625
3,519
2,815
3,106
2,576
1,234

6.0
6.0
5.4
6.1
5.4
15.8

5.6
5.7
4.9
5.5
4.8
16.5

5.4
5.3
4.6
5.6
4.8
15.9

5.6
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.9
15.6

5.3
5.2
4.6
5.4
4.9
13.6

5.4
5.3
4.5
5.7
' 5.1
15.2

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

1,611
1,240
620

1,311
1,117
515

1,268
1,212
577

3.8
4.2
9.3

3.4
4.0
7.5

3.0
3.8
8.7

3.3
3.9
8.4

3.1
3.7
7.8

3.0
4.1
8.6

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2

5,852
1,393 -

5,111
1,345

5,174
1,443

5.7
8.1
6.9

5.3
7.7
6.5

5.1
7.4
6.2

5.2
7.7
6.4

4.9
7.8
6.3

5.0
8.1
6.4

6.1
7.1
7.9
10.8
6.0
6.0
5.9
5.6
4.4
6.8
5.1
3.4
10.9

5.6
6.5
7.9
10.7
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
4.2
6.8
4.2
2.8
11.0

5.3
6.5
8.4
10.6
5.3
4.8
6.0
4.7
3.8
5.9
4.1
3.0
10.6

5.7
6.6
10.4
10.5
5.4
4.9
6.0
5.2
4.4
6.3
4.6
2.9
13.9

5.4
6.0
6.7
10.2
4.8
4.4
5.4
5.1
4.1
5.9
4.6
2.8
9.7

5.4
6.3
5.3
10.2
5.2
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.5
6.2
4.5
3.1
10.8

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-

—

-

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2

5,454
2,037
68
674
1,295
773
522
3,417
2761,548
1,593
601
198

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for




4,878
1,758
51
654
1,054
569
485
3,120
273
1,351
1,497
499
168

4,955
1,833
42
630
1,161
657
504
3,122
223
1,415
1,484
538
186

economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Weeks of unemployment
July
1987

;
1

June
1988

July
, 1987
I

July
1988

Apr.
1988

Mar.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

i

DURATION

i

3,415
2,276
1,762
787
975

Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

13.4
5.9

Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

3,661 |
1,631
1,527
732
795
12.5
4.7

3,164
2,186
1,473
685
788

3,186
2,144
1,920
945
975

3,009
2,101
1,722
887
835

12.7
5.6

14.2
6.6

13.7
6.6

3,125 ,
1,956
1,540
725
816

3,075
2,110 i
1,609 |
784 !
825

3,066
1,890 i
1,512
727
785

13.4
56

13.8
5.9

12.9
6.0

2,965
2,078
1,629
838
791
13.6
6.3

i

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
100.0
45.8
30.5
23.6
10.6
13.1

Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

100.0
53.7
23.9
22.4
10.7
11.7

100.0
4Q.4
32.0
21.6
10.0
11.5

100.0
43.9
29.6
26.5
13.0
13.4

100.0
44.0
30.8
25.2
13.0
12.2

100.0
47.2
29.5
23.3
10.9
12.3

100.0
45.3
31.1
23.7
11.5
12.1

100.0
44.4
31.1
24.4
12.6
11.9

100.0
47.4
29.2
23.4
11.2
12.1
I

Table ,A~8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Reasons
July
1987

June
1988

July
1987

July
1988

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
.
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,385
839
2,546
1,068
1,911
1,089

2,848
726
2,122
884
1,876
1,210

2,957
781
2,176
975
1,880
1,011

3,529
916
2,613
989
1,930
844

3,139
899
2,240
1,075
1,756
887

2,916
821
2,095
993
1,784
915

3,236
793
2,443
926
1,789
807

3,059
863
2,196
944
1,723
777

3,087
852
2,235
.
904
1,901
776

100.0
45.5
11.3
34.2
14.3
25.6
14.6

100.0
41.7
10.6
31.1
13.0
27.5
17.8

100.0
43.3
11.4
31.9
14.3
27.5
14.8

100.0
48.4
12.6
35.8
13.6
26.5
11.6

100.0
45.8
13.1
32.7
15.7
25.6
12.9

100.0
44.1
12.4
31.7
15.0
27.0
13.8

100.0
47.9
11.7
36.2
13.7
26.5
11.9

100.0
47.0
13.3
33.8
14.5
26.5
11.9

100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
13.6
28.5
11.6

2.4
.8
1.5

2.9
.8
1.6
.7

2.6
.9
1.5
.7

2.4
.8
1.5
.8

2.7
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.7
1.6
•6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

•••••
...

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




2.8
.9
1.6
.9

2.3
.7
1.5 I
-1.0 I

8

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands) -

Unemployment rates1

Sex and age
July
1987

June
1988

July
1988

July
1987

Mar.
1988

Apr
1988

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

7,251
2,701
1,248
586
624
1,453
4,538
4,078
462

6,455
2,341
1,112
512
627
1,229
4,077
3,654
442

6,625
2,468
1,234
569
630
1,234
4,150
3,691
461

6.0
11.8
15.8
17.5
13.9
9.7
4.7
5.0
3.1

5.6
11.7
16.5
17.6
15.8
9.1
4.2
4.5
2.9

5.4
11.2
15.9
17.8
14.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.9

5.6
11.3
15.6
16.1
15.3
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.5

5.3
10.3
13.6
15.4
12.9
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

5.4
10.9
15.2
17.5
13.0
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.1

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,960
1,415
637
292
307
778
2,535
2,238
300

3,495
1,247
625
290
360
622
2,235
1,940
279

3,519
1,334
704
302
370
630
2,174
1,906
275

6.0
11.9
15.9
17.1
13.7
9.9
4.7
4.9
3.4

5.7
12.1
17.8
18.5
17.3
9.1
4.3
4.5
3.4

5.3
11.2
15.8
17.2
14.7
8.8
4.1
4.2
3.1

5.6
11.6
16.2
16.7
15.8
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.7

5.2
10.5
14.7
17.0
14.2
8.2
4.1
4.2
3.2

5.3
11.3
16.6
17.9
14.7
8.4
3.9
4.1
3.1

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,291
1,286
611
294
317
675
2,003
1,840
162

2,960
1,094
487
222
267
607
1,842
1,714
163

3,106
1,134
530
267
260
604
1,976
1,785
186

6.1
11.7
15.7
18.0
14.1
9.5
4.7
5.0
2.6

5.5
11.3
15.2
16.6
14.2
9.1
4.1
4.4
2.3

5.6
11.3
16.0
18.4
13.7
8.7
4.2
4.5
2.7

5.6
11.0
15.0
15.5
14.7
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.2

5.4
10.0
12.4
13.7
11.6
8.7
4.2
4.6
2.6

5.7
10.5
13.6
17.0
11.2
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.0

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

July
1987

June
1988

July
1988

July
1987

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

25,826
17,118
66.3
15,043
58.2
2,076
12.1
8,708

26,396
17,013
64.5
15,140
57.4
1,873
11.0
9,383

26,451
17,508
66.2
15,633
59.1
1,874
10.7
8,943

25,826
16,611
64.3
14,725
57.0
1,886
11.4
9,215

26,243
16,779
63.9
14,853
56.6
1,926
11.5
9,464

26,289
16,733
63.7
14,939
56.8
1,795
10.7
9,556

26,340
16,698
63.4
14,818
56.3
1,879
11.3
9,642

26,396
16,735
63.4
15,017
56.9
1,718
10.3
9,661

26,451
17,021
64.4
15,319
57.9
1,701
10.0
9,430

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population,

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Unemployment rate

Unemployed

Civilian employed
Occupation

July
1987

July
1988

6,823

6.1

5.5

698
310
388

677
316
361

2.5
2.2
2.7

2.3
2.1
2.4

35,880
3,659
13,926
18,295

1,589
67
681
840

1,537
89
626
822

4.3
1.9
4.8
4.4

4.1
2.4
4.3
4.3

15,330
1,004
1,972
12,354

15,635
992
2,028
12,615

1,250
62
85
1,103

1,173
60
79
1,034

7.5
5.8
4.2
8.2

7.0
5.7
3.7
7.6

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,892
4,478
5,251
4,163

14,134
4,623
5,364
4,146

788
208
387
194

676
141
338
198

5.4
4.4
6.9
4.5

4.6
3.0
5.9
4.6

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,102
8,289
4,766
5,047
867
4,180

18,432
8,211
4,900
5,321
971
4,350

1,760
774
335
651
161
490

1,445
640
277
527
124
403

8.9
8.5
6.6
11.4
15.7
10.5

7.3
7.2
5.4
9.0
11.4
8.5

4,328

3,979

258

255

5.6

6.0

July
1988

July
1987

July
1987

July
1988

114,652

117,066

7,453

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

27,692
13,696
13,997

29,006
14,541
14,465

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,308
3,525
13,602
18,181

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

Total, 16 years and over1

Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Employed
Number

July
1987

July
1988

July
1988

July
1987

July
1987

July
1988

July
1987

July
1988

Percent of
labor force
July
July
1987
-1988

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,843
6,210
915
2,589
2,706
1,633

7,"905
5,910
685
2,142
3,083
1,995 "

7,260
5,956
871
2,484
2,601
1,304

7,281
5,653
646
2,034
2,973
1,628

6,877
5,623
786
2,348
2,489
1,254

7,044
5,455
621
1,957
2,877
1,589

383
333
85
136
112
50

237
198
25
77
96
39

5.3
5.6
9.8
5.5
4.3
3.8

3.3
3.5
3.9
3.8
3.2
2.4

18,474
8,494
5,882
4,098

19,358
8,735
6,451
4,172

17,665
8,103
5,643
3,919

18,630
8,385
6,210
4,035

809
391
239
179

728
350
241
137

4.4
4.6
4.1
4.4

3.8
4.0
3.7
3.3

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

19,510
8,869
6,231
4,410

20,450
9,159
6,810
4,481

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to




those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population,

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian* population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted2

July
1987

June
1988

July
1988

July
'1987

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May.
1988

June
1988

July
1988

20,562
13,960
13,123
837
6.0

20,972
14,176
13,405
771
5.4

21,012
14,299
13,461
838
5.9

20,562
13,799
13,037
762
5.5

20,860
13,976
13,272
704
5.0

20,894
14,077
13,362
715
5.1

20,931
14,142
13,251
891
6.3

20,972
14,105
13,315
790
5.6

21,012
14,131
13,374
757
5.4

9,443
5,987
5,631
356
5.9

9,671
6,142
5,847
295
4.8

9,693
6,199
5,886
313
5.1

9,443
5,890
5,581
309
5.2

9,609
6,066
5,771
295
4.9

9,628
6,093
5,773
320
5.3

9,648
6,086
5,780
306
5.0

9,671
6,115
5,831
284
4.6

9,693
6,102
5,837
265
4.3

8,742
5,911
5,489
422
7.1

8,781
5,808
5,405
404
6.9

8,786
5,869
5,507
362
6.2

8,742
5,801
5,§78
423
7.3

8,770
5,749
5,330
419
7.3

8,773
5,746
5,332
414
7.2

8,776
5,733
5,352
381
6.6

8,781
5,709
5,332
377
6.6

8,786
5,760
5,394
366
6.4

4,589
3,143
3,063
80
2.6

4,603
3,217
3,106
110
3.4

4,604
3,200
3,085
116
3.6

4,589
3,080
3,000
80
2.6

4,599
3,190
3,096
94
2.9

4,599
3,163
3,072
91
2.9

4,600
3,124
3,036
88
2.8

4,603
3,188
3,076
112
3.5

4,604
3,137
3,020
117
3.7

6,935
4,601
4,194
407
8.8

6,993
4,594
4,267
326
7.1

6,999
4,658
4,296
362
7.3

6,935
4,536
4,159
377
8.3

6,977
4,488
4,117
371
8.3

6,981
4,556
4,220
336
7.4

6,986
4,498
4,205
293
6.5

6,993
4,553
4,253
300
6.6

6,999
4,587
4,251
336
7.3

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey

-

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,005
4,037
3,855
182
4.5

6,039
4,024
3,878
147
3.6

6,042
4,053
3,884
168
4.2

6,005
3,950
3,790
160
4.1

6,029
3,985
3,826
159
4.0

6,032
3,969
3,831
138
3.5

6,034
3,922
3,776
146
3.7

6,039
3,955
3,810
145
3.7

6,042
3,969
3,825
144
3.6

13,759
8,659
8,267
393
4.5

13,774
8,556
8,266
289
3.4

13,777
8,714
8,350
365
4.2

13,759
8,474
8,086
388
4.6

13,770
8,465
8,142
323
3.8

13,769
8,363
8,072
291
3.5

13,770
8,429
8,071
358
4.2

13,774
8,516
8,220
296
3.5

13,777
8,537
.8,171
366
4.3

4,814
3,369
3,210
159
4.7

4,883
3,343
3,227
116
3.5

4,889
3,411
3,302
109
3.2

4,814
3,295
3,150
145
4.4

4,864
3,296
3,171
125
3.8

4,869
3,300
3,177
123
3.7

4,875
3,297
3,183
114
3.5

4,883
3,318
3,213
105
3.2

4,889
3,332
3,235
97
2.9

8,159
5,341
4,981
359
6.7

8,199
5,325
5,002
323
6.1

8,203
5,336
5,064
272
5.1

8,159
5,252
4,886
366
7.0

8,188
5,369
4,958
411
7.7

8,190
5,277
4,945
332
6.3

8,194
5,248
4,922
326
6.2

8,199
5,271
4,959
312
5.9

8,203
5,252
4,973
279
5.3

New York
i

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

July
1987

June
1988

Seasonally adjusted2

July
1988

July
1987'

Mar.
1988

Apr.
1988

May.
1988

June
1988

July
1988

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9,293
5,794
5,458
335
5.8

9,322
5,786
5,461
325
5.6

9,325
5,882
5,568
315
5.3

9,293
5,633
5,311
322
5.7

9,314
5,728
5,435
293
5.1

9,315
5,753
5,477
276
4.8

9,317
5,661
5,375
286
5.1

9,322
5,702
5,410
292
5.1

9,325
5,735
5,433
302
5.3

12,028
8,493
7,752
741
8.7

12,067
8,597
7,911
686
8.0

12,072
8,492
7,930
562
6.6

12,028
8,289
7,600
689
8.3

12,056
8,252
7,582
670
8.1

12,058
8,334
7,711
623
7.5

12,061
8,372
7,770
602
7.2

12,067
8,518
7,926
592
6.9

12,072
8,277
7,757
520
6.3

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT

Table B-l. Employees on nonagricultural
(In

payrolls by

DATA

industry

thousands)

Not seasonally

adjusted

Seasonally

adjusted

Industry
July
1987
Total

May
1988

I June
I 1988£/

102,212 105,956

Total private
G o o d s _ p r o d u c i n g industries.
Mining. ....
Oil and gas extraction..
Construction.
General building contractors
Manufacturing
Production w o r k e r s

July
| July
1988£/ 1 1987

Durable goods
Production w o r k e r s
Lumber and wood products.
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products...,
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor v e h i c l e s and equipment
Instruments and related products
M i s c e l l a n e o u s manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production w o r k e r s

89,459

89,607

85;,421

87;,700

87.,973

88,,139

88.,661

88,,91

25,470

25,900

25,896

24;• 788

25;,330

25;,435

25;,466

25;,590

25.,61

727
406.7

735
418.2

742
421.4

744
422.6

733
419

7 37
421

739
425

740
425

5,,192
1,,383

5;,238
1,,400

5,,237
1,.394

5;,305
1,,411

5;,31
1;,38

722
408
4;,997
1,.320

19,651
13,425

19,524
13,289

19 i,069
13 j,006

19,,405
13,,251

19,,460
13;,280

19,,490
13,.302

19;,545
13;,341

19,,61
13;,40

11,127
7,352

11,476
7,655

11,581
7,730

11,505
7,654

11,,190
7,
,432

11,,411
7,,598

H i ,459
7,,632

11,.477
7,.649

11;,514
7;,677

11;,57
7;,74

759.5
510.0
589.2
741.5
272.3
1,387.9
2/011.9
2,064.3
2,006.6
826.0
694.4
361.2

756.0
534.4
591.3
778.4
281.0
1,447.8
2,125.1
2,106.6
2,048.1
853.1
707.6
381.1

775.9
535.8
599.8
785.8
283.0
1,462.0
2,145.9
2,125.9
2,050.5
856.6
714.5
385.1

774.4
529.0
598.1
779.3
283.3
1,447.4
2,150.1
2,115.1
2,023.0
838.6
712.4
376.4

740
524
579
751
272
1;,404
2;,020
2,,075
2;,032
842
695
37 0

755
534
585
772
281
1,,439
2,,099
2,,115
2,,025
835
705
382

758
535
587
773
281
1;,444
2;,111
2;,117
2;,045
848
706
383

/57
537
585
776
281!
1,,448
2,,121
2,,115
2;,048
851
709
381

758
537
587
781
282
1;,456
2;,135
2;,120
2;,046
849
712
382

75
54
58
79
28
1;,46
2 ,15
2;,12
2.,05
8571
38<

7,,879

7,,994
5,,653

8,,001
5,,648

8,,013
5,,653

8,,031
5,,664

8,,041
5,.66*

1, 647
54
729
1,,106
687
1,,548
1,,052
164
860
147

1,.648
54
727
1,,100
687
1,,554
1,,056
165
864
146

11,643

1,,648
53
727
1,,096 1
691
1,,564 i
1,,066 1
166
874
146

1,.64!

52
728
I, ,100
689
1,,559
1,,060
166
870
146

79,,690

79,.846

80,,023

80,,431

80,,632

5,,530
3,,285
2,,245

5,.543
3,.298
2,.245

5,,556
3,,308
2,,248

5;,578
3;,328
2,,250

5;,593
3,,342
2,,251

6,,061
3,,591
2,,470

6,.089
3,.610
2,.479

6,,145
3,,658
2,,487

6,,169
3,,682
2,,487

19,,050
2,,543
3,,044
2,.055
6,,319

19,.093
2,.546
3;,049
2;,064
6;,326

6,,651
3,,306
2,,060
1-,285

6;,650
3;,302
2.,065
1;,283

24;,273!1 25;,078
5;,405
5,,1791
6,,83611 7,,088

25 ,163
5,,420
7;,126

17,,0091 17,,320
2;,9411
2;,970
3,,9651
4,,031
10;,1031I 10;,319
1

17;,350!1 17;,36 0
17;,308
2;,957 1 2;,9511
2;,963
,030
4;,041 1 4;,050 1
10.,304 1 10.,343 1 10.,379
|
1

1,667.4
51.4
717.1
1,081.0
679.1
1,506.3
1,031.6
168.1
812.6
139.9

7,970
5,616

1,603.3
t
49.2
728.6
1,103.0
687.0
1,557.1
1,057.9
167.2
!
870.1
146.3

8,070 1
5,695
1,650.9
49.7
730.6
1,106.9
697.0
1,565.6
1,072.1
169.4
879.8
147.9

8,019
5,635

1,684.6
1
49.5
715.8
1,055.61
691.5
1,564.6
1,077.1
170.7
871.7
137.4

5,,574
I, ,629
55
730
I, ,116
678
I, ,510
1,,025
165
824
147

80,982

80,202

5,559
3,315
2,244

5,611
3,348
2,263

5,593
3,322
2,271

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

5,908
3,467
2,441

6,110
3,635
2,475

6,178
3,676
2,502

6,204
3,700
2,504

,642
771
5,,373
5j,151
2,,222
5,,874
3,,450
2,,424

18,636
2,379.7
2,973,8
stations... 2,031.8
6,296.7

19,130
2,462.6
3,040.8
2,076.4
6,450.2

19,367
2,482.7
3,089.0
2,099.3
6,566.5

19,391
2,488.2
3,112.5
2,117 .6
6,550.4

18,,543
2,,437
2,.962
2,,007
6,,128

6,657
3,292
2,067
1,298

6,740
3,325
2,078
1,337

6,771
3,335
2,081
1,355

Finance*

insurance, and reel estate..

Insurance
Real estate
Services,

P

s preliminary.




6,660
3,321
2,034
1,305

25,342
25,752
24,479
25,663
5,214.8 5,432.2 5,504.7 5,530.0
6,870.9 7,146.0 7,235.2 7,287.8

Health services,
Government
Federal
State
Local

,,,..,,

42

19,446
13,271

80,486

Retail trade
General merchandise s t o r e s
Food s t o r e s
Automotive dealers and s e r v i c e
Eating and drinking places

74

18,982
12,893

5,377
3,134
2,243

.

July
1988£/

24,997

77,215

industries..*

June
19S8£/

106,882 106,098 102;,430 105;, 020 105,,281 1105;,489 106;,021 106,,3(

Transportation and public utilities.
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

Service-producing

May
1988

88,268

7,855 1
5,541

Food and kindred products
Tobacco m a n u f a c t u r e s
T e x t i l e mill products
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
C h e m i c a l s and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber end misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Apr.
1988

86,057

5,288
5,289
5,507
5,628
1,392.9 1,388.9 1,452.3 1,464.5

,

i
Mar.
1988

16,156
2,983
3,7521
9,421

17,688
2,969
4,107
10,612

17,423
2,986
3,913
10,524

16,491
2,988
3,830
9,673

6,,570
3;,288
2;,024
1;,25811
j

6,,115
3,,635
2,,480

72*
, 08$
691
1,,562
1),071
167
884
144

19,,295
19,.130
19,,213
2,,549
2;,546
2,.541
3;,100
3;,0801
3,,0531
2;,0701
2;,076 1 2,,092
6;,336 1 6;,357 1 6,,378
6,,656 1
3;,299!
2;,0671
1;,290

6;,676 1
3;,305!
2;,072!
1;,299!

6,,678
3;,302
2;,071
1;,305

25 ,459! 25;,522
25 ,216
5,,492
5.,477
5;,443
7,,252
7;,206
7;,153!
17,,375
2,.947
4,.049
10;.37 9

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

T a b l e B - 2 . A v e r a g e w e e k l y h o u r s of p r o d u c t i o n

or n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s ! /
Not s e a s o n a l l y

on p r i v a t e

nonagricultural

payrolls

Seasonally

adjusted

by

industry

adjusted

Industry
July
1987

Total

35.0

private

May
1988

34.6

July

July
1987

Mar.
1988

I
I

Apr.
1988

June
1988£/

1988JE>/

35.0

35.1

34.8

34.6

34.9

June
1988£/

July
1988£/

34.7

34.7

34.9

May
1988

42.0

42.2

42.6

42.2

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

38.6

38.2

38.7

38.5

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

40.6
3.6

40.9
3.7

41.2
3.9

40.7
3.8

41.0
3.8

40.9
3.7

41.2
3.9

41.0
3.9

41.1
3.9

41.1
3.9

Durable goods
Overtime hours

41.0
3.6

41.7
4.0

41.9
4.1

41.2
3.8

41.6
3.8

41.5
3.8

42.0
4.2 1

41.8
4.2

41.8
4.1

41.7
4.0

40.4
39.3
42.6
42.8
43.7
40.8
41.8
40.3
41.0
40.9
40.8
38.8

40.5
39.1
42.8
43.5
43.9
41.7
42.4
40.7
43.0
44.3
41.2
39.0

40.9
39.3
42.8
43.7
44.5
42.1
42.5
41,1
43.0
44.3
41.5
39.4

40.2
38.7
42.5
43.0
43.7
40.9
42.2
40.2
41.8
42.1
40.9
38.8

40.6
40.0
42.3
43.2
43.7
41.5
42.5
40.9
41.8
41.8
41.5
39.5

40.1
39.3
42.3
43.3
43.7
41.6
42.5
40.9
42.1
42.3
41.4
39.2

40.6 1
39.5
42.5
43.5
43.8
42.0
42.8
41.2
43.0
44.1
41.8
39.4

40.1
3 9 . 5 I1
42.3
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.0
44.0
41.4
39.2

40.2
39.3
42.4
43.6
44.3
42.0
42.4
41.1
43.0
44.3
41.4
39.4

40.4
39.4
42.2
43.4
43.7
41.6
42.9
40.8
42.7
43.0
41.6
39.5

40.0
3.6

39.9
3.4

40.2
3.6

40.0
3.7

40.3
3.7

40.1
3.6

40.3
3.6

40.0
3.6

40.1
3.6

40.3
3.8

40.0
37.3
41.6
36.9
43.2
37.9
41.9
44.9
41.0
38.7

40.1
39.5
40.7
36.8
43.1
37.5
42.0
44.1
41.6
37.6

40.4
39.8
40.9
37.3
43.0
37.6
42.4
45.0
41.7
37.9

40.5
39.0
40.4
36.9
43.0
37.8
42.0
45.2
41.3
37.7

40.1
(2)
42.3
37.2
43.5
38.1
42.2
(2)
41.6
38.4

40.1
C2)
41.2
37.0
43.2
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.7
37.9

40.1
(2)
41.6
37.4
43.3
38.2
42.1
(2)
42.0
37.3

40.1
(2)
40.8
36.8
43.3
37.7
42.0
(2)
41.7
37.3

40.4
(2)
40.6
37 .0
43.1
38.0
42.4
(2)
41.6
36.9

40.6
(2)
41.1
37.2
43.3
38.0
42.3
(2)
41.9
37.4

39.6

39.2

39.5

39.7

39.3

38.8

39.5

39.4

39.3

39.4

Mining
Construction

.

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food a n d k i n d r e d p r o d u c t s
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation

and

public

utilities

Wholesale trade

38.2

38.0

38.2

38.3

38.1

38.1

38.3

38.0

38.0

38.2

Retail

30.0 I

28.9

29.4

30.0

29.3

29.0

29.2

29.0

29.1

29.3

36.2 I

35.8

35.9

36.2

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.8 I

32.4

32.7

33.0

32.5

32.4

32.7

32.5

32.5

32.7

trade

Finance,

insurance,

Services

X/

and

real

estate

Data r e l a t e to p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m i n i n g a n d
m a n u f a c t u r i n g ; c o n s t r u c t i o n w o r k e r s in c o n s t r u c t i o n ;
a n d n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s in t r a n s p o r t a t i o n a n d
public utilities; w h o l e s a l e and retail trade; finance;
i n s u r a n c e , a n d real e s t a t e ; a n d s e r v i c e s . T h e s e g r o u p s
a c c o u n t for a p p r o x i m a t l y f o u r - f i f t h s of t h e t o t a l
e m p l o y e e s on p r i v a t e n o n a g r i c u l t u r a l p a y r o l l s .




2/
T h e s e s e r i e s a r e not p u b l i s h e d s e a s o n a l l y
adjusted s i n c e the seasonal component is small
r e l a t i v e to t h e t r e n d - c y c l e a n d / o r i r r e g u l a r
c o m p o n e n t s a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y c a n n o t be s e p a rated w i t h sufficient precision,
p = preliminary.

E S T A B L I S H M E N T DATA

ESTABLISHMENT

DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workersi/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings

j

Industry

Average weekly

1i

Total private
Seasonally adjusted

Construction

1

earnings

1
June
i 1988p/

July
1987

May
19 88

$8,.90
8,.96

$9..26 I $9,.23 I $9..25
9..27 1 9,.28 1 9,.32

12 .41

12,.54 1 12,.55 I 12,.61

521,.22

529.19

534.63

12,.60

12,.87 1 12,.87 I 12,.94

486,.36

491.63

498,.07

498..19

9,.87

10,.14 1 10,.16 I 10..18

400,.72

414.73

418,.59

414..33

Manufacturing

1 June
|1988£/

1 July
|19S8 E /

July
1987

May
1988

July
1988£/

$311 .50 $320.40 $323,.05 $324,.68
311,.81 321.67
322 .02 325..27
532..14

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay* and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10,.38
8,.45
7.66
10,.30
11 .93
13,.63
9,.93
10,.67
9 .86
12 .82
13 .35
9 .71
7,.72

10.67
8,.54
7,.87
10,.45
12,.13
13,.96
10,.23
10..90
10,.12
13,.31
14,.10
9,.87
7,.94

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

10,.70
8,.59
7,.89
10,.47
12,.16
13,.97
10,.27
10 .93
10 .15
13,.38
14,.17
9,.90
7,.93

1
1
1
I
1
1
I
I
I
1
1
1
1

10..70
8..64
7,.94
10,.55
12 .19
14 .00
10,.19
10 .94
10,.20
13,.30
13,.94
10,.04
8,.00

425,.58
341,.38
301,.04
438 .78
510,.60
595.63
405,.14
446,.01
397,.36
525..62
546,.02
396,.17
299,.54

444.94
345.87
307.72
447.26
527.66
612.84
426.59
462.16
411.88
572.33
624.63
406.64
309.66

448,.33
351,.33
310,.08
448,.12
531,.39
621,.67
432,.37
464,.53
417 ,
.17
575,.34
627,.73
410 .85
312,.44

440,.84
347..33
307,.28
448,.38
524,.17
611,.80
416,.77
461 .67
41J,.04
555,.94
586,.87
410 .64
310,.40

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

9 .18
8 .88
15 .17
7 .13
5,.87
11 .49
10 .24
12 .37
14,.51
8,.96
5,.99

9,.38
9,.15
15,.24
7 .31
6,.05
11,.64
10,.43
12,.59
14,.93
9,.04
6,.27

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

9,.39
9 .12
15 .78
7 .33
6,.08
11 .63
10,.44
12 .60
15 .04
9,.06
6.27

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

9,.46
9 .14
16 .14
7,.30
6,.02
11.74
10,.47
12,.71
15 .24
9,.10
6..26

367,.20
355 .20
565,.84
296,.61
216,.60
496,.37
388,.10
518,.30
651,.50
367,.36
231,.81

374.26
366.92
601.98
297.52
222.64
501.68
391.13
528.78
658.41
376.06
235.75

377 .48
368 .45
628 .04
299 .80
226.78
500,.09
392 .54
534,.24
676,.80
377,.80
237,.63

378 .40
37 0 .17
629 .46
294 .92
222 .14
504 .82
395,.77
533,.82
688,.85
375,.83
236,.00

12 .00

12,.28 1 12 .29 1 12,.31

475,.20

481.38

485..46

488..71

376..27

380..70

Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade

!

9.56

9 .87 1

9,.85 1

9,.94

365,.19

Retail trade

I

6 .07

6 .28 1

6,.26 1

6..28

182..10

I

8.63

9,.09 1

8,.96 1

9..00

312..41

8 .34

8,.84 1

8 .78 1

8,.80

273..55

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1/

|

See footnote 1, table B-2.

j
375.06 11
j
181.4911
j
325.4211
j
1
286.4211
1

184,.04

188.,40

321..66

325.,80

287..11

290.,40

p = preliminary.

Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workersi./ on private nonagricultural payrolls by
industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally

Seasonally adjusted

adjusted
11

Industry

Total private nonfarm:
Current dollars.
Constant (1977) dollars
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance,insurance, and real estate.
Services

July
1987

May
1988

172.6
93.3
181.8
154.0
174.7
174.911
176.5!1
160.511
185.511
179.11
1

178.6
93.6
184.2
157 .5
178.5
180.5
182.2
165.8
195.9
189.5

Percent
change
from :
July
June
July
1988E/ 1 9 8 8 e /
1987July
1988

178.2
93.0
184.5
157.5
178.7
180.4
181.6
165.6
193.7
188.4

V See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ Change is -.5 percent from June 1987 to June 1988, the latest month
available.
3/ Change is -.4 percent from May 1988 to June 1988, the latest month available.
4/ These series are not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular




178.9
N.A.
185.5
158.2
179.1
180.6
183.1
166.2
194.5
189.2

July
1987

173.2
93.7
(4)
154.9
174.5
176.2
(4)
161.1
(4)
180.9

3.6
(2)
2.0
2.8
2.5
3.2
3.7
3.6
4.9
5.6
1

i

Mar.
1988

177.01
93.5
(4)
157.5
177.3
179.4
(4)
163.8
(4)
186.9j
I
— ji

Apr.
1988

May
1988

178.0
93.6
(4)
157 .8
177.9
180.6
(4)
164.8
(4)
188.3

178.7
93.6
(4)
157.5
178.4
181.6
(4)
165.4
(4)
189.9
•

1
1Percent
I change
:
1 •from
July I June
June
1988£/ 1988£/| 19881 July
1 1988

178.6
93.2
(4)
158.0
178.8
181.3
(4)
165.7
(4)
189.3
i

1
179.51
N.A.I
(4)|
159.21
179.01
181.91
(4) |
166.81
(4) I
191.11
1
i

0.5
(3)
(4)
.8
.1
.3
(4)
.7
(4)
.9

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
N.A. Data not available,
p - preliminary.
NOTE: Beginning in 1989, publication of the Hourly Earnings Index series will be
discontinued.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT

Table B-5. Indexes of a g g r e g a t e
payrolls by industry

w e e k l y h o u r s of p r o d u c t i o n

or

n o n s u p e r v i s o r y workersjL/ on p r i v a t e

DATA

nonagricultural

(1977*100)
Not s e a s o n a l l y
Industry

Total

private

Goods-producing

industries

Manufacturing

Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Motor vehicles end equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred

products

Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper end allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Leather and

1
i

1
i

leather products

Service-producing
Transportation

industries

...!

and public utilities.,
i

Wholesale trade
Retail

trade

Finance,

insurance, and

real

estete

Services

1/

See footnote

1, t a b l e

spen

Jan.

Over 1 - m o n t h
1986
1987
1988

span:

Over 3-month
1986
1987
1988

span:

Over 6 - m o n t h
1986
1987
1988

span:

Over 12-month
1986
1987
1988

May
1988

122. 9

124.,4

127. 5

128.,1

Apr. j
1988 I

121. 11

123..6

125. 11

Feb.

57 ,0
50.8
61.6

47.3
59.2
61.6

50.0
57.6
71.6

47.6
57.0
66.8

48.1
64.6
73.5

47.3
64.3
70.3

42.2
63.8
fi'78.6

41.6
67.3

adjusted

f^ay
1988

1
July
| Jun<*
I1983E/ 1988P/
1

1
124. 41 125.,4
126 .3
|
1
1
1
102. 7 1 102. 11 103. 2
103,.4
1
1
85. 91
84. 41
85. 2
85,.2
1
141.,11 139. 31 144..0
142,.1
1
96. 11
95. 71
.7
96. 1
96 ,

99. 8

102. 3

105. 1

103.,8

99. 31

101.,6

81. 5

83.,5

85. 2

84.,6

81. 9|

83..2

145.,9

143.,3

152.,1

155.,1

91.,7

95.,3

97. 0

94.,8

93. 61

93. 8
103.,9
111.,5
89.,8
68.,2
54.6
91..7
91.,4
101..2
100..5
91..11
105,.41
83,. 6

95. 2
108. 0
112.,8
91.,3
69.,3
55.. 9
93.61
92.,4
103..0
100..5
91.,5
107..5
85..3

92..5
105.,6
109.,2
90..2
67..3
54..9
90,.0
91.8
100,.3
95,.3
84..3
105,.4
81.8

90.71
102. 4|
112. 7|
86. 11
64. 11
51. 3|
87. 91
86. 21
100. 2|
97. 11
83. 3|
102. 8 |
82. 21

94.>01
92..7
103..1
104. 7 |
112,.3
113.,21
88. 31
87,.5
67 .
66..9
,61
54,.1
54. 81
90,.8
91..8!
90,.4
91..51
101,.9
102..81
.8
100.,01
96 ,
84,.8
89..81
106,.51
105 .2
8 4 .5!
85,.01

96.61
97,.6
ioa.2!
97 . 2
66 . 2
66..11
81,.0!
80 .3
83.. 2
85 .0
100..31 100,.7
134,.5
130.. 1
94..4]
97,.31
88,.3
85 .5
112,.41 1 2 2 .81
56,, 4
56,.31

99.6
101,,7
67,.61
81 .1!
86,.5
102..3
135,.01
99,.51
88 .61
124.71
57,.41

98
104
65
78
80
101
135
98
90
122
52

.2
.4
.6
.3
.8
.2
.2
.7
.6
.1
.7

97. 8|
99..61
75..51
84. 0|
.01
87 .
101..01
131. 6 |
94. 5|
85. 9|
116. 11
59.,11

98 .81
1 0 0 .91
74 .8
81 .7!
8 5 .71
101 .3!
136 . 0
97,.91
8 3 .5!
121,.8
56,.9

135,.71

136 .7

139,.81

141 .5

133. 21

110..11

112.8

115,.0!

115 .0

120,. 3

124,. 2

126..41

126 .5

124 .7

128 .7

143 .5

139 .5

155.8

158 .8

133. 0| 139..1
95..2

93. 9
103. 2
113. 7
87.,5
68.,1
54.,6
92.,1
91. 6
102..3
100.,2
89..9
106,.1
83..9

94.,2
103. 6
113.,1
88.,1
68.,7
55.,4
92.,8
91.,6
103,.0
100,.1
90..5
,
] 06 .6
84,.7

94,.9
103..2
115.,0
88.,1
69..2
54.,9
92..7
94..1
103,.3
99,.8
8 8 .7
107 .9
8 5 .8

99,.11
101,.01
73,.81
8 2 .21
86 ,
.21
101 .41
136,.51
97..11
84,• 9|
122..91
55,.51

98,.4
100,.5
71,.0
80,.6
84,.7
101,.5
134,.9
97 ,
.4
85,.3
123,.1
55,.5

98 .9
101.7
71 .4
8 0 .0
8 4 .9
101 .3
136,.4
98,.8
86,.6
123,.4
54,.9

99
101
75
81
84
101
136
98
88
126
55

1 3 5 .8

137,.41

136,.8

137,.8

139 .0

109..51 111 .2

113,.51

113,.5

113 .6

1 1 4 .4

127 .3

119..21 123 .6

124,.81

124,.4

125,.1

126 .2

131 .2

123.. 0 1

124 .8

126,.01

125,.1

126 .2

127 .5

1 4 2 .0

1 4 4 .5

141..4| 139 . 6

141,.11

140,.11

140 .4

142 .1

1 6 2 .1

163 .9

152..91

159 • 0| 158 .3

159 .9

161 .1

157 .2

.5
.7
.3
.2
.6
.9
.4
.9
.0
.3
.2

preliminary.

Percent

span:

o f i n d u s t r i e s in w h i c h e m p l o y m e n t ! /

I
1 Mar.

|

1
49.5
1
61.1
1
62.2
i
1
1
1
45.7
1
65.1
1
67.0
j
1
1
1
43.8
1
63.0
|£/70.5
Ii
1
1
43.8
1
69.5
1
,1

Apr.

May

June

July

increased

Aug.

Sept.

Oct

Nov

1 Dec

50.8
62.4
63.8

51,.9
62..4
58,.1

46 .8
61 .6
E ' 6 9 .7

51 .9
70,.8
E ' 6 3 .8

54.,1
62. 2

51 .4
68,.1

53 .0
67 .3

58 .9 1
67..8 1

58 .9
68,.4

46.2
69.2
66.8

46..2
68..1
E ' 7 1 ..6

46 .2
71 .9
E'70.8

48,.1
73..8

51. 9
76. 8

50,.5
74,.1

55,.9
76 .5

59..7 1
78,.1 I

59,.2
73,.0

42.7
70.3
E/73.8

43..2
72..4

47 .0
77 .3

46..5
78,.4

50. 0
79. 7

55..9
82,.7

53,.2
77 ,
.8

55..9 1
.0 1
77 .

58,.4
76,.5

44.9
73.5

45.7
76. 8

48,.6
76,.8

46.8
78.,9

48. 6
78. 9

51,.6
79,.7

53,.8
78,,4

56..5 1
57,,8
77.,8 |E'81..9

1/
N u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s , s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d f o r 1, 3,
a n d 6 m o n t h spa'ns, on t h e p a y r o l l s of 1 8 5 p r i v a t e n o n agricultural industries. Data for the 12-month span
are unadjusted.




July j Mar.
1987 | 1 9 8 8

B-2

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion2

Time

1
June 1 July
1988E'! 1988R/

July
1987

88.,5
105.,0
107.,3
88.,3
62.,5
51.,4
85.,3
83.,9
97..5
92..9
80. 2
100..4
78..5

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture end fixtures,
Stone, clay, and glass products

Seasonally

adjusted

NOTE:
F i g u r e s a r e t h e p e r c e n t of i n d u s t r i e s
w i t h e m p l o y m e n t r i s i n g . ( H a l f of t h e u n c h a n g e d
c o m p o n e n t s a r e c o u n t e d a s r i s i n g . ) Data a r e
centered within the spans.
p=preliminary.