Full text of The Employment Situation : July 1979
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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact:
Philip Rones
Robert Bednarzik
Kathryn HoyLe
Washington, D.C. 20212
(202) 523-1944
523-1371
(202) 523-1913
523-1208
- 2 The e n t i r e July i n c r e a s e in employment took p l a c e among adult women, a s both white and black
women posted strong g a i n s .
year-earlier
level.
Most
of
this
labor
force
of
the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today.
to
nonfarm
payroll
employment—as
measured
establishments—was about unchanged over the month at 88.8 million.
by
to 97.2
the monthly survey of
in
Unemployment
unemployed,
5.8 million,
the same as in June, and have remained near these levels since last August.
in
the rate
for adult women (to 5.5 percent).
increased.
in
their
decrease
Married women and women who head families both
unemployment
rate,
year
earlier.
their
while
the rate
for married men
Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White....
Black and other
Full-time workers
|
1
1978
1
1
1
|
Monthly data
1|
1979
1
1
1
1979
1
1
1
1
I
1
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1
6.0|
4.2|
6.1|
16.1|
5.21
'12.1|
5.5|
1
6.0|
4.1|
6.1|
16.1|
5.21
11.7|
5.5|
1
1
1
1
I
I
1
Percent of labor force
1
1
1
1
5.8|
5.7|
5.7| ' 5.8|
4.01
4.0|
3.9|
3.9|
5.8|
5.7|
5.7| * 5 . 8 |
16.3| 15.8| 16.2| 16.8|
5.1|
5.0 j
4.9 |
5.0 j
11.5| 11.4| 11.6| 11.6|
5.2|
5.2|
5.2|
5.2|
1
1
1
1
1
5.6|
5.7
3.9|
4.1
5.8|
5.5
15.3| 15.3
4.9|
4.9
11.3| 10.8
5.1|
5.3
1
1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
|
I
Thousands of 1obs
Nonfarm payroll employment
| 85,677| 86,115| 86,963| 87,868188,499p| 88,539|88,709p|88,753p
Goods-producing industries
| 25,376| 25,478| 25,857| 26,241|26,408p| 26,423|26,451p|26,445p
Service-producing industries...| 60,302| 60,637| 61,106| 61,628|62,090p| 62,116|62,258p|62,308p
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
The jobless rate for teenagers, which had declined 1-1/2 percentage points in June
to 15.3 percent, was unchanged in July.
whites was about unchanged from June.
The overall unemployment situation for both blacks and
(See tables A-l and A-2.)
Among the unemployed, the number who had lost their last job rose by 175,000 in July,
those
were
An increase
in the rate of joblessness for adult men (to 4.1 percent) was about offset by a slight
experienced slight declines
a
1 II
1 III 1 IV
1
I
1 II
1 Mav 1 June 1 Julv
|
1
Thousands of persons
1100 1271100 7531101 524|102 4751102 295|102 247|102 5281103 059
| 94 099| 94 726| 95 616| 96 596) 96 415| 96 318| 96 754| 97 210
| 6 0281 6 0271 5 9081 5 8781 5 8801 5 9291 5 7741 5 848
| 58,4781 58 4821 58 3981 58 0951 58 8861 58 9351 58 8651 58,545
|
8511
8531
7601
724j
826] N.A.| N.A.| N.A.
)
nonagricultural
employment.
about
Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers
Over the past year and also
since March, however, the two surveys have registered comparable net growth
Both the unemployment rate, 5.7 percent, and the number of
above
(See t a b l e A - l . )
Quarterly averages
1
|
1
I
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—rose by 450,000
contrast,
I
Selected categories
those
which have prevailed since August 1978.
In
point
above
At 63.8
Adult women accounted for most of the o v e r - t h e - y e a r i n c r e a s e in labor force p a r t i c i p a t i o n ;
Labor
The Nation's overall unemployment
rate was 5.7 percent, little different from the June rate of 5.6 percent and similar
million.
as
Table A. Major indicators of labor market a c t i v i t y , seasonally adjusted
Total employment rose in July and unemployment was virtually unchanged, the Bureau of
Statistics
levels
growth occurred before March.
p e r c e n t , the c i v i l i a n labor force p a r t i c i p a t i o n r a t e was a half
p a r t i c i p a t i o n r a t e in July was a record 50.7 p e r c e n t .
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JULY 1979
employment
The c i v i l i a n labor force grew by 530,000 over the month to 103.1 m i l l i o n , 2.4 m i l l i o n
its
USDL 79-556
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
AUGUST 3, 1979
Adult males of both r a c e s had about the same
they had in June; teenage employment was a l s o about unchanged.
seeking
their
first
job declined by over 90,000.
while
The median duration of unemployment
edged up above 6 weeks, as increases were registered in the number of persons unemployed between
5 and 14 weeks.
(See tables A-4 and A-5.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force
Total employment in July advanced by 450,000 to 97.2 million.
This increase,
coupled
with
gains in May and June, raised the number of employed persons 370,000 above the March level. The
employment-population ratio returned to its February-March record level of 59.4 percent.
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
p"»preliminary
I
1
j
|
|
1
36.01
40.6|
3.6|
1
35.8 j
40.4|
3.5|
1
1
1
Hours of
1
1
35.9| 35.8 |
40.61 40.7|
3.7|
3.8|
1
1
work
1
35.6p|
39.8p|
3.2p|
1
1
1
35.7| 35.7p| 35.7p
40-21 40.1p| 40.2p
3.4| 3-3p| 3.3p
1
N.A.=not a v a i l a b l e
1
- 4 -
- 3 adjusted).
Industry Payroll Employment
Nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged in
July
at
88.8 million,
following
moderate growth over the prior 3 months; this was in marked contrast to the sharp job increases
which occurred in the 6-month period around the turn of the year.
in 51 percent of the 172 industries comprising
employment.
In July, job gains took place
the BLS diffusion
index
of
nonfarm
(See tables B-l and B-6.)
construction
(including
manufacturing.
of
nearly
The largest
35,000
in
10,000
returning
manufacturing
food
processing
industries,
and
there was a
strikers)
declines
in
were offset
occurred
and 20,000
industries, decreases of 15,000 each took place
manufacturing
the
in
in mining
by a reduction in
nondurable
in leather.
fabricated
and
goods,
with
Within the durable goods
metal
and miscellaneous
10,000 cutback in primary metals.
Total factory
employment has dropped by about 130,000 since March.
Employment in the service-producing sector was l i t t l e changed over
gains
were evident
the month.
Small
job
in the services industry and in finance, insurance, and real estate, while
the other service-producing industries remained at about June levels.
Hours
The average workweek of production or
nonsupervisory
workers on private
nonagricultural
payrolls was 35.7 hours in July, unchanged from both June and May. Manufacturing hours edged up
a
tenth
of an hour over the month, a return to the May level.
was unchanged from June.
Factory overtime, at 3.3 hours,
All three of these indicators were s t i l l
below March levels.
(See
table B-2.)
Reflecting the leveling in both employment and weekly hours over the month,
aggregate
weekly hours was unchanged
in July.
the
index of
The index was up 2.9 percent from July 1978,
resulting entirely from the strong over-the-year employment growth.
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
payrolls -rose 0.7
percent
over
the year.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings rose 4 cents in July to $6.15, 46
cents above July 1978; average weekly earnings were $221.40 in July, $1.44 above June and $14.85
above July 1978.
(See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
Employment in the goods-producing sector was unchanged from June, as gains
reductions
payroll
Average weekly earnings also rose 0.7 percent in July and were up 7.5 percent
nonagricultural
in July and were 8.1 percent above the July 1978 level (seasonally
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and
the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage
230.3 (1967-100) in July, 0.7 percent higher than in June.
a year
and low-wage
industries—was
The index was 7.6 percent above July
ago. During the 12-month period ended in June, the Hourly Earnings Index in dollars of
constant purchasing power declined 3.0 percent.
(See table B-4.)
Explanatory Note
This release presents and analyzes statistics from
two major surveys. Data on labor force, total employment, and unemployment (A tables) are derived from
the Current Population Survey—a sample survey of
households, which is conducted by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Beginning in
September 1975, the sample was enlarged by 9,000
-households in order to provide greater reliability for
smaller States and thus permit the publication of annual
statistics for all 50 States and the District of Columbia.
These supplementary households were added to the
47,000 national household sample in January 1978; thus
the sample now consists of about 56,000 households
selected to represent the U.S. civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over.
Statistics on nonagricultural payroll employment,
hours, and earnings (B tables) are collected by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies, from payroll records of a sample of approximately 165,000 establishments. Unless otherwise indicated, data for both statistical series relate to the week
containing the 12th day of the specified month.
Comparability of household and payroll
employment statistics
Employment data from the household and payroll
surveys differ in several basic respects. The household
survey provides information on the labor force activity
of the entire civilian noninstitutional population, 16
years of age and over, without duplication. Each person
is classified as either employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force. The household survey counts employed
persons in both agriculture and nonagricultural
industries and, in addition to wage and salary workers
(including private household workers), counts the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and persons "with a
job but not at work" and not paid for the period absent.
The payroll survey relates only to paid wage and
salary employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments. Persons who worked at
more than one job during the survey week or otherwise
appear on more than one payroll are counted more than
once in the establishment survey. Such persons are
counted only once in the household survey and are
classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours.
Unemployment
To be classified in the household survey as
unemployed an individual must: (1) Have been without a
job during the survey week; (2) have made specific
efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4
weeks; and (3) be presently available for work. In
addition, persons on layoff and those waiting to begin a
new job (within 30 days), neither of whom must meet
the jobseeking requirements, are also classified as
unemployed. The unemployed total includes all persons
who satisfactorily meet the above criteria, regardless
of their eligibility for unemployment insurance benefits
or any kind of public assistance. The unemployment rate
represents the unemployed as a proportion of the
civilian labor force (the employed and unemployed
combined).
The Bureau regularly publishes a wide variety of
labor market measures. See, for example, the demographic, occupational, and industry detail in tables A-2
and A-3 of this release and the comprehensive
data package in Employment and Earnings each month.
A special grouping of seven unemployment measures is
set forth in table A-7. Identified by the symbols U-l
through U-7, these measures represent a range of
possible definitions of unemployment and of the labor
force—from the most restrictive (U-l) to the most
comprehensive (U-7). The official rate of unemployment
appears as U-5.
Seasonal adjustment
Nearly all economic phenomena are affected to
some degree by seasonal variations. These are
recurring, predictable events which are repeated more
or less regularly each year—changes in weather, opening
and closing of schools, major holidays, industry production schedules, etc. The cumulative effects of these
events are often large. For example, on average, over
the year, they explain about 95 percent of the monthto-month variance in the unemployment figures. Since
seasonal variations tend to be large relative to the
underlying cyclical trends, it is necessary to use
seasonally-adjusted data to interpret short-term
economic developments. At the beginning of each year,
seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and
other labor force series are calculated for use during
the entire year, taking into account the prior year's
experience.
All seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force and
unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major
employment and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series.
The official unemployment rate for all civilian workers
is derived by dividing the estimate for total unem-
ployment (the sum of four seasonally-adjusted age-sex
components) by the civilian labor force (the sum of 12
seasonally-adjusted age-sex components).
For establishment data, the seasonally-adjusted
series for all employees, production workers, average
weekly hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted
by aggregating the seasonally-adjusted data from the
respective component series. These data are also
revised annually, often in conjunction with benchmark
(comprehensive counts of employment) adjustments.
(The most recent revision of seasonally-adjusted data
was based on data through May 1978.)
Sampling variability
Both the household and establishment survey
statistics are subject to sampling error, which should be
taken into account in evaluating the levels of a series as
well as changes over time. Because the household
survey is based upon a probability sample, the results
may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it
were possible to take a complete census using the same
questionnaires and procedures. The standard error is the
measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation
that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68
out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs
from a figure that would be obtained through a
complete census by less than the standard error. Tables
A through I in the "Explanatory Notes" of Employment
and Earnings provide approximations of the standard
errors for unemployment and other labor force
categories. To obtain a 90-percent level of confidence,
the confidence interval generally used by BLS, the
errors should be multiplied by 1.6. The following
examples provide an indication of the magnitude of
sampling error: For a monthly change in total em-
ployment, the standard error is on the order of phis or
minus 182,000. Similarly, the standard error on a change
in total unemployment is approximately 115,000. The
standard error on a change in the national unemployment rate is 0.12 percentage point.
Although the relatively large size of the monthly
establishment survey assures a high degree of accuracy,
the estimates derived from it also may differ from the
figures obtained if a complete census using the same
schedules and procedures were possible. However, since
the estimating procedures utilize the previous month's
level as the base in computing the current month's level
of employment (link-relative technique), sampling and
response errors may accumulate over several months.
To remove this accumulated error, the employment
estimates
are
adjusted
to new benchmarks
(comprehensive counts of employment), usually on an
annual basis. In addition to taking account of sampling
and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the
estimates for changes in the industrial classification of
individual establishments. Employment estimates are
currently projected from March 1977 levels.
One measure of the reliability of the employment
estimates for individual industries is the root-meansquare error (RMSE). The RMSE is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in estimates. If the bias is
small, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than the RMSE. For total nonagricultural
employment, the RMSE is on the order of plus or minus
81,000. Measures of reliability (approximations of the
RMSE) for establishment-survey data and actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are
provided in tables K through P in the "Explanatory
Notes" of Employment and Earnings.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
(Numbers in thousands]
naly atfai
•i
July
June
July
July
(far.
Apr.
May
June
July
1978
1979
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
161,148
2,116
159,032
102,639
64.5
96,202
59,7
3,997
92,204
6,438
6.3
56,393
163,469
2,076
161,393
104,153
1
64.5
97,917
59.9
3,785
94,132
6,235
6.0
57,240
163,685
2,082
161,604
104,995
65.0
98,891
60.4
3,857
95,034
6,104
5.8
56,609
161,148
2,116
1159,032
100,622
63.3
94,446
58.6
3,377
91,069
6,176
6.1
58,410
162,909
2,090
160,819
102,714
63.9
96,842
59.4
3,343
93,499
5,871
5.7
58,105
163,008
2,082
160,926
102,111
63.5
96,174
59.3
3,186
92,987
5,93?
5.8
58,815
163,260
2,078
161,182
102,247
63.4
96,318
59.0
3,184
93,134
5,929
5.8
58,935
163,469
2,076
161,393
102,528
61.5
96,754
59.2
3,260
93,494
5,774
5.t>
58,865
163,695
2,082
161,604
103,059
63.3
97,210
59.4
3,262
93,949
5,848
5.7
5P,545
68,729
67,039
53,956
80.5
51,880
75.5
2,599
49,281
2,076
3.8
13,083
69,889
68,227
54,860
80.4
52,852
75.6
2,509
50,343
2,008
3.7
13,367
69,995
68,319
55,101
80.7
52,966
75.7
2,520
50,446
2,134
3.9
13,218
68,729
67,039
53,401
79.7
51,214
74.5
2,396
48,818
2,187
4.1
13,638
69,612
67,939
54,444
80.1
52,264
75.1
2,355
49,909
2,180
4.0
13,495
69,663
67,997
54,243
79. »
52,056
74.7
2,271
40,785
2,187
4.0
13,754
69,787
68,123
54,261
79.7
52,157
74.7
2,274
49,P83
2,105
3.9
13,862
69,889
68,227
54,395
79.7
52,2<»9
74. t
13,832
69,99"
6^,319
54,5t.7
79.9
52,313
74.7
2,32 3
49,°9*
2,249
4.1
13,7^?
75,643
75,537
36,818
48.7
34,384
45.5
759
33,625
2,434
6.6
38,719
76,896
76,784
38,251
49.8
36,058
46.9
741
35,316
2*194
5.7
38,533
77,014
76,897
38,214
49.7
36,045
46.8
748
35,297
2,169
5.7
38,683
75,643
75,537
37,573
49.7
35,160
46.5
593
34,567
2,413
6.4
37,964
76,589
76,476
38,642
50.5
36,440
47.6
613
35,827
2,201
5.7
37,834
76,645
76,532
38,345
50.1
36,165
47.2
580
35,584
2,180
5.7
38,187
76,782
76,670
38,560
50.3
36,323
47.3
543
35,780
2,237
5.8
38,110
76,°96
76,784
38,596
50.3
36,373
47.3
592
35,781
2,223
5.8
38,188
77,014
76,897
39,010
50.7
36,A61
47.9
584
36,276
2,150
5.5
3 7,887
16,776
16,455
11,865
72.1
9,937
59.2
639
9,299
1,927
16.2
4,591
16,684
16,381
11,041
67.4
9,007
54.0
535
9,472
2,034
18.4
5,340
16,677
16,387
11,680
71.3
9,879
59.2
589
9,290
1,801
15.4
4,707
16,776
16,455
9,648
58.6
8,072
48.1
388
7,684
1,576
16.3
6,807
16,709
16,404
9,628
58.7
8,138
48.7
375
7,763
1,490
15.5
6,776
16,700
16,397
9,523
58.1
7,953
47.6
335
7,618
1,570
16.5
6,874
16,692
16,389
9,426
57.5
7,839
47.0
368
7,471
1,587
16.8
6,963
16,684
16,381
9,537
58.2
8,082
48.4
362
7,720
1,455
15.3
6,844
16,677
16,387
9,481
57.9
8,031
48.2
355
7,676
1,450
15.3
6,906
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
141,366
139,660
90,179
64.6
85,410
60.4
4,769
5.3
49,481
143,137
141,492
91,596
64.7
86,919
60.7
4,677
5.1
49,897
143,303
141,661
92,195
65.1
37,607
61.1
4,578
5.0
49,475
141,366
139,660
88,503
63.4
83,857
59.3
4,646
5.2
51,157
142,720
141,063
90,415
64.1
85,938
60.2
4,478
5.0
50,64 8
142,773
1141,123
89,923
63.7
85,479
59.9
4,444
4.9
51,200
142,978
141,331
90,018
63.7
85,515
59.8
4,503
5.0
51,313
143,137
141,49?
90,279
63.8
85,871
60.0
4,409
4.9
51,213
143,303
141,661
90,554
63.9
86,093
60.1
4,460
4.9
51,107
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
19,782
19,371
12,460
64.3
10,791
54.5
1,668
13.4
6,912
20,331
19,901
12,557
63.1
10,998
54.1
1,559
12.4
7,344
20,382
19,943
12,810
64.2
11,284
55.4
1,526
11.9
7,133
19,782
19,371
12,010
62.0
10,533
53.2
1,477
12.3
7,361
20,189
1 9 , 755
12, 251
62.0
10, 878
53 9
1,374
11.2
7,504
20,234
19,802
12,175
61.5
10,734
S3.0
1,442
11.8
7,627
20,282
19,850
12,176
61.3
10,767
53.1
1,409
11.6
7,674
20,331
19,901
12,272
61.7
10,883
53.5
1,389
11.3
7,629
20,382
19,943
12,364
62.0
11,025
54.1
1,338
10.8
7,579
Employment*
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population1
Armad Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*.
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2 .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
2,3oe;
49,903
2,09f
3.°
Women, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio 2
Agriculture
v
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-10 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
1
The population and Armad Forces figuras are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numban appear in tha unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a paroant of tha total noninstitu,tJofpl population (including Armed
Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tabic A-2. Major unemployment indicator*, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
Unemployment rates
(In thousands)
Selected categories
July
July
July
Mar.
Apr.
nay
June
July
1978
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
6.1
5.7
4.0
5.7
15.5
5*8
4.0
5.7
16.5
5,8
3.9
5.8
5.6
3.9
5.8
16.8
15.3
5.7
4.1
5.5
15.3
5.0
3.4
5.0
13.6
4.9
3.4
5.0
3.3
5.1
14.3
4.9
3.4
5.0
4.9
3.6
4.7
13.0
13.3
11.3
10.8
8.3
9.8
CHARACTERISTICS
6,176
2,187
2,413
1,576
5,848
2,249
2,150
1,450
White, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
4,646
1,718
1,778
1,150
4,460
1,762
1,582
1,116
Black and other, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
1,477
'4 7 5
592
410
1,338
493
528
317
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families
1,075
1,279
4 75
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over 1
Labor force time lost 2
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
4. 1
6.4
16.3
5.2
3.6
5.5
13.6
12.3
8.3
11.4
4,
13.
11.2
8.8
9.8
31.5
10.8
34.5
36.9
10.8
34.0
30.9
1,149
1,160
407
2.6
5.1
8.3
2.7
5.2
8.4
2.5
5.2
8.9
2.6
5.2
9.1
2.9
4.8
8.1
4,890
1,318
1,314
4,624
1,256
1,05?
5.1
9.2
1.3
6.1
5.3
8.8
1.2
6.5
5.1
8.6
1.1
6.3
5.3
8.2
1.0
6.4
1,910
372
226
272
940
2,257
512
977
211
557
1,030
113
1,629
3 91
207
222
808
2,324
569
987
198
570
982
126
3.4
2.1
2.2
4.1
4.9
6.6
4.6
7.7
5.2
10.3
7.2
3.2
3.3
2.2
2.3
4.0
4.5
6.9
4.2
8.6
6.0
10.5
7.4
3.4
3.2
2.0
2.2
4.0
4.6
6.7
4.0
8.3
5.4
11.1
7.2
3.5
3.4
2.5
2.0
4.5
4.6
6.5
4.2
7.7
5.5
10.3
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.5
1.9
3.5
4.4
6.8
4.2
4,366
471
1,226
558
568
216
1,272
1,155
647
147
4,302
480
1,321
760
561
219
5.5
10.2
5.2
4.3
6.4
4.0
6.2
4.7
U.1
7.7
5.7
10.3
5.4
4.6
6.5
2.9
6.6
4.8
3.6
8*6
5.7
9.6
5.4
4.4
7.0
3.5
6.4
5.0
3.5
9.3
5.6
9.6
5.3
4.8
6.2
3.0
6.8
4.7
3.6
7.7
36. 1
1.3
6.8
11.8
8.6
11.6
8.4
9.9
7.9
OCCUPATION 3
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
*
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
8.
5,
10.
7,
4,
INDUSTRY3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Unemployment rata calculated as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons onVpart time for economic reaaons as a
percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by
1,149
1,088
558
163
6.0
9.6
5.5
5.0
6.3
4.1
6.8
5.4
4.1
9.6
by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
4
Includes mining, no* shown
5.7
9.5
5.8
5.5
6.2
3.9
6.2
4.9
3.5
10.4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A - 3 . Selected employment indicators
[In
Not seasonally adjusted
SwOCVtd CflwQOfMfl
July
July
July
*ar.
Apr.
Hay
June
July
1.978
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
9*,202
57,324
38,877
38,797
21,004
99,P91
58,150
43,54 1
39,320
22,020
94,446
55,531
IB,915
3P,f35
21,917
96,842
56,559
40,283
39,291
22,700
96,174
56,267
19,907
18,917
22,355
96,118
56,152
19,°66
38,9 88
22,490
96,754
56,618
40,116
39,055
22,580
97,210
56,59*
40,615
39,161
22,890
,886
,712
,233
,0*3
,888
,843
,755
,058
,490
,540
,133
,339
49,155
14,491
10,696
6,223
17,744
33,534
13,397
11,038
3,614
5,485
13,032
1,170
47,276
14,249
10,212
5,99?
16,923
31,282
12,220
10,377
1,487
49,160
15,22f
10,409
6,079
17,446
31,582
12,697
10,651
3,550
4,6«4
12,909
2,624
4 9 , 10U
1C,2^
1<), \ '4
i ,001
1"\41P
31,826
12,790
10,664
.1,667
49,165
15,051
10,565
6,065
17,481
31,959
13,001
10,759
2,797
49,113
15,08?
10,407
6,067
17,577
12,085
12,808
11,060
3,565
4,652
12,856
2,803
4,706
12,754
2,600
4,600
12,946
2,681
49,573
15,0 61
10,675
6,161
17,673
31,949
12,832
10,853
1,610
4,652
12,697
• 2,657
1,731
1,781
486
1,752
1,686
420
1,136
1,641
340
1,419
1,595
324
1,362
1,531
282
1,439
1,490
270
1,445
1,525
291
1,403
1,552
294
85,327
14,660
70,668
1,440
69,228
6,386
491
87,563
14,844
72,719
1,278
71,441
6,935
536
84,064
15,184
68,880
1,171
67,509
6,216
485
86,592
15,224
71,368
1,255
70,112
6,585
443
86,195
15,356
70,839
1,160
69,679
6,468
471
86,129
15,635
70,494
1,177
69,317
6,625
466
86,309
15,257
71,051
1,216
69,816
6,600
482
86,277
15,392
70,895
1,217
69,678
6,751
529
80,885
67,967
3,918
1,253
2,665
9,000
81,550
70,066
3,931
1,296
2,635
9,561
86,102
70,929
3,316
1,34 7
1,^69
11,857
87,955
72,623
3,179
1,235
1,944
12,154
86,345
71,554
3,312
1,265
2,048
11,479
87,727
72,476
3,307
1,246
2,061
11,943
87,84 3
72,230
3,416
1,416
2,000
12,198
89,074
73,138
3,340
1,394
1,946
12,597
CHARACTERISTICS
Total employed, 16 years and over
Men
Women
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, execpt farm.
Sales workers
,
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
4,698
12,903
3,596
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
,
•
Unpaid family workers • •
PERSONS AT WORK'
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Pert time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons
,
,
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.
Table A - 4 . Duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
July
July
July
Mar.
Apr.
Hay
June
July
1978
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
3,176
2,041
1,221
551
670
2,979
2,147
977
510
468
2,967
1,973
1,314
668
646
2,751
1,857
1,305
729
576
2,939
1,874
1,235
692
543
2,787
1,935
1,213
705
508
2,927
1,782
1,086
616
470
2,784
1,970
1,052
600
451
11.3
5.1
9.6
5.2
11.7
5.8
11.0
5.2
11.1
5.2
10.4
5.6
10.0
6.1
100.0
49.3
31.7
19.0
8.6
10.4
100.0
48.8
35.2
16.0
8.3
7.7
100.0
46.5
31.4
22.1
12.3
9.7
100.0
48.6
31.0
20.4
11.4
9.0
100.0
47.0
32.6
20.4
11.9
8.6
100.0
50.5
30.8
18.7
10.6
8.1
100.0
48.0
33.9
18.1
1#.3
7.8
DURATION
Less than S weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
11.8 .
6.0
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
6 to 14 weeks
15 to 26 weeks
100.0
48.2
30.4
21.4
10.9
10.5
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A - 6 .
Heaaons f o r unemployment
{Numbers in thousands!
Not
July
July
July
Mar.
Apr,
Nay
June
July
1978
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
2,407
639
1,768
907
1,909
1,215
2,403
728
1,675
889
1,773
1,038
2,536
696
1,840
855
1,970
371
2,440
789
1,652
863
1,788
822
2,521
846
1,675
847
1,790
811
2,361
710
1,652
,j>,358
r
796
1,562
100.0
37.4
9.9
27.5
14.1
29.7
18.9
100.0
39.
11.
27.
14,
29,
17.0
100.0
41.4
11.4
3D.0
13.9
30.5
14.2
100.0
41.3
13.3
27.9
14.6
30.2
13.9
2.3
.9
1.9
1.2
2.3
.8
1.7
1.0
2.5
.8
1.9
.9
2.4
.8
1.7
.8
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Lost last job
On layoff
Other job losers
Left last job
Reentered labor force
Seekjng first job
:
951
867
1,762
1,738
841
787
2,532
793
1,739
838
1,737
694
100.0
42.2
14.2
2P.1
14.2
30.0
13.6
100.0
39.9
12.0
27.9
16.1
29.8
14.2
100.0
41.0
13.8
27.2
15.1
30.2
13.7
100.0
43.7
13.7
30.0
14.4
29.9
12.0
2.5
.8
1.8
.8
2.3
.9
1.7
.8
2.3
.8
1.7
.8
2.5
.8
1.7
.7
'
PERCENT OF DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
C I V I L I A N LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Table A - 6 .
Unemployment by sex and a g e , seasonally adjusted
unemployed persons
(Int
Unemployment rates
Sex and age
July
July
July
Mar.
Apr.
Hay
June
July
1978
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
1 8 t o 19years . . . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
26 to 54 years
55 years and over .
6,176
1,576
824
763
1,479
3,152
2,648
465
5,848
1,450
66S
794
1,379
3,050
2,540
472
6.1
16.3
20.0
13.9
9.9
4.1
4.3
3.2
5.7
15.5
18.9
13.1
8.8
3.9
4.1
3.1
5.8
16.5
19.1
14.3
8.5
4.0
4.2
3.1
*.8
16.8
19.2
15.2
8.9
3.8
4.0
3.2
5.6
15.3
16.7
14.1
8.9
3.8
4.0
2.9
5.7
15.3
17.1
14.4
9.0
3.9
4.0
3.2
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . .
18 to 19 years . .
20 to 24 years
26 years and over .
25 to 54 years .
56 years and over
2,971
784
404
378
712
1,487
1,185
305
2,997
748
311
435
723
1,538
1,231
310
5.1
15.4
18.6
13.0
8.9
3.3
3.3
3.4
5.0
16.0
19.9
13.2
8.4
3.2
3.3
2.8
5.1
16.2
18.0
14.2
7.8
3.3
3.4
3.0
4.9
16.1
19.0
14.1
8.0
3.1
3.1
2.9
4.7
14.1
15.8
13.5
8.0
3.1
3.1
3.1
5.0
14.9
15.2
14.9
8.8
3.3
3.3
3.4
Women, 16 years and oi
16 to 19 years
1 6 t o 17 years . .
18 to 19 years . .
20to24years . . . .
25 years and over .
26 to 54 years .
56 years and over
3,205
792
420
385
767
1,665
1,463
160
2,852
702
155
359
656
1,512
1,309
163
7.6
17.4
21.6
14.8
11.0
5.4
5.8
2.9
6.7
14.8
17.8
13.0
9.4
4.8
5.2
3.6
6.9
16.8
20.2
14.4
9.4
4.9
5.2
3.1
7.0
17.7
19.3
16.4
9.9
5.0
5.2
3.7
6.9
16.6
17.7
14.8
9.9
4.8
5.3
2.7
6.6
15.8
19.2
13.8
9.3
4.7
5.0
2.9
±
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Range of unemployment i
based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force.
seasonally adjusted
[Percent)
QuertaHy aearagai
1978
1979
III
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
U-2—Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
2.5
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.3
2.3
2.5
U-3—Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian
labor force 25 years and over
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.8
3.8
3.9
U-4—Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor
force
0
5.5
5.5
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.3
U-5—Total unemployed as a percent of tha civilian labor force
(official measure)
6.0
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.6
5.7
7.6
7.5
7.2
7.2
7.3
7.3
8.4
8.4
8.0
7.9
8.1
H.A.
U-7 —Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
% of the part-time labor force
II
July
II
U-1—Persons unemployed 15 weeks orftonaaras a percent of the
civilian labor force
U-6—Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total
on pert time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian
labor force less % of the part-time labor force
IV
1979
Hay
7.2
7.3
M.A.
N.A.= not available.
Table A-8. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race and Hispanic origin, not seasonally adjusted
[Number in thousands]
Employment status
July
1978
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force
July
1978
July
1979
July
1978
July
1979
July
1978
July
1979
159,032
161,604
139,660
141,661
16,654
17,032
7,867
8,021
102,639
64.5
96,202
3,997
92,204
6,438
6.3
56,393
104,995
65.0
98,891
3,857
95,034
6,104
5.8
56,.609
90,179
64.6
85,410
3,637
81,773
4,769
5.3
49,481
92,185
65.1
87,607
3,525
84,083
4,578
5.0
49,475
10,630
63.8
9,140
279
8,861
1,491
14.0
6,024
10,870
63.8
9,447
255
9,192
1,423
13.1
6,162
5,032
64.0
4,525
288
4,237
507
10.1
2,835
5,178
64.6
4,733
254
4,480
445
8.6
2,843
1
Data relate to black workers only. According to tha 1970 Census, they comprieed about fi
cant of tha "Mack and other" population group.
July
1979
2
; without regard to race, which r
O a f on persons of Hispanic origin ata tabulated
t w t they an) also included in tha data for white and Mack workers. A t the time of tha 1970 d
approximately 96 paroant of their population was white.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Veteran status
Employed
July
1978
July
1979
314
59
4.4
9.8
3.8
11.6
258
140
86
32
18
240
96
106
38
15
3.9
6.4
2.6
2.9
3.0
3.5
5.1
3.0
2.5
2.1
450
236
118
96
518
262
145
111
3.4
4.0
3.1
2.8
3.7
4.1
3.6
3.1
July
1978
July
1979
July
1978
July
1979
July
1978
July
1979
8,334
751
8,541
548
7,874
697
8,163
509
7,530
629
7,849
450
344
68
6,866
2,337
3,394
1,135
717
7,140
1,945
3,613
1,582
853
6,575
2,197
3,283
1,095
602
6,923
1,869
3,505
1,549
731
6,317
2,057
3,197
1,063
584
6,683
1,773
3,399
1,511
716
13,728
6,116
3,989
3,623
14,609
6,683
4,188
3,738
13,132
5,848
3,810
. 3,474
13,924
6,360
4,000
3,564
12,682
5,612
3,692
3,378
13,406
6,098
3,855
3,453
July
1978
July
1979
VETERANS1
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
1
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5,1964 and May 7, 1975.
Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited,
to those 25-39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era
veteran population.
2
NOTE: Seasonally-adjusted data wt no longer being provided because the changing age composition
of the Vietnam-era veterans' population distorts the ability to identify seasonality in the series.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10.
Employment status of tha noninstitutional population for the ten largest States
I Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
State and employment status
July
1978
Juae
1979
July
1979
July
197d
flar.
1979
Apr.
1979
flay
1979
Juae
1979
Jmly
1979
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
16,360
10,783
16,676
10,878
10,238
640
16,704
11,076
10,385
69 1
16,360
10,626
9,814
812
7.6
16,t>23
10,783
10,084
699
6.5
16,593
10,755
10,071
684
6.4
16,643
10,761
10,093
668
6.2
16,676
10,843
10,191
652
6.0
16,704
10,919
10,290
629
5.8
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,513
6,513
(2)
6,654
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6,671
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6,689
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6,706
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6,723
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
8,259
5,273
4,973
300
5.7
3,265
5,269
4,962
307
5.8
8,271
5,235
4,944
291
5.6
8,278
5,329
5,053
276
5.2
b,284
5,376
5,131
245
4.6
4,361
(2)
2,754
(2)
(2)
4,3*5
(2)
2,763
(2)
(2)
4,369
(2)
2,724
(2)
(2)
4,373
(2)
2,744
(2)
(2)
4,377
(2)
2,738
(2)
(2)
6,649
(2)
(2)
292
(2)
6,708
(2)
(2)
293
(2)
6,716
12)
(2)
365
(2)
6,723
(2)
(2)
337
(2)
6,730
(2)
(2)
301
.2)
6,738
(2)
(2)
323
(2)
5,456
5,497
3,529
3,234
235
6.7
5,502
3,477
3,271
5,506
3,482
3,215
267
7.7
5,512
3,545
3,301
244
13,289
7,896
13,294
7,931
7,364
California
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Civilian noninstitutional population ' .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
9,909
874
8.1
3,797
3,538
5.9
6,706
3,903
6.8
3,669
234
6.0
8,210
5,400
8,278
5,419
259
5,056
344
6.4
4,329
2,927
2,741
136
6.3
5,096
323
6.0
4,373
2,947
2,797
150
5.1
6.2
6,723
3,893
3,637
25b
6.6
&)
(2)
(2)
8,284
5,480
5,z02
278
5.1
8,210
5,296
4,377
2,948
4,329
2,802
146
5.0
4,98 5
311
5.9
U)
2,677
(2)
(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,649
6,730
4,238
4,383
3,929
4,066
6,738
4,404
4,065
308
7.3
317
7.2
339
7.7
Civilian noninstitutional p o p u l a t i o n ' .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
-Unemployment rate
5,456
3,477
3,202
275
7.9
5,512
3,587
3,334
253
7. 1
5,517
3,610
3,323
287
7.9
3,145
253
7.4
13,250
7,986
7,377
610
13,294
8,057
7,498
13,298
8,214
7,604
611
7.4
13,250
7,773
7,173
600
7.7
13,282
8,022
7,435
587
7.3
13,287
7,380
556
7.0
7,394
502
6.4
7,949
7,873
4,932
4,657
275
5.6
7,924
5,063
7,931
5,026
4,746
7,936
5,025
4,740
7,943
4,811
252
280
5.6
285
5.7
278
8,846
5,265
4,880
8,891
2,3*8
206
5.9
6.9
5,517
3,530
3,266
264
7.5
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
7.6
559
6.9
7,936
567
7.1
13,298
6,001
7,400
601
7.5
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
7,873
5,043
4,775
7,943
5,066
4,773
268
5.3
294
5.8
8,846
5,347
4,958
8,907
5,343
4,959
5,107
4,769
338
6.6
4,984
4,706
5.6
7,949
4,995
4,650
345
6.9
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Une'mployed
Unemployment rate •
389
7.3
384
7.2
8,913
5,398
5,058
340
6.3
385
7.3
5,295
4,932
363
6.9
8,896
8,902
8,907
5,219
4,889
330
6.3
5,278
348
6.6
5,249
4,900
349
6.6
4,980
336
9,367
6,146
9,343
9,380
9,398
6,136
5,855
281
9,416
6,081
5,798
6,100
5,834
283
4.7
266
4.4
4,930
8,913
5,316
6.3
Taxas
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
9,198
6,091
5,774
J17
5.2
9,398
6,223
5,923
300
4.8
9,416
6,287
5,990
297
4.7
1
Trie population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.
* These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration of
Federal fund allocation programs.
9,198
5,987
5,691
296
4.9
5,908
238
3.9
4.6
6,183
5,907
276
4.5
Seasonally-adjusted data are not prasaniad for this series, bacauaa tha variations that ara <
to seasonal influences cannot ba saparatad with sufficient pradsion from thoaa which stam fr
the trend-cycle and irregular components of tha original time series.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
I In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
JULY
1978
MAY
1979
JUNE P
1979
JULY P
1979
05,925
88,777
89,549
25,712
26,346
26,837
900
924
948
MAR,
1979
APR,
1979
MAY
1979
88,645 86,033
88,263
88,246
86,539
|88,709
26,643 25,501
JULY
1978
JUNEp
1979
26,412
26,351
26,423
26,451
958
882
922
922
923
931
4,946
4,572
4,603
4,621
4,317
4,526
4,507
4,594
4,622
Production workers
20,240
14,476
20,819
14,937
21,068
15,124
20,739 20,302
14,797 14,569
20,964
115,088
20,922
15,035
20,906
15,006
20,898
14,962
DURABLE GOODS
Production workers
12,111
6,646
12,636
9,058
12,777
9,156
12,574 12,136
8,938 8,694
12,699
! 9,131
12,665
9,090
12,645
9,059
Il2,653
769,1
473.8
713,1
1,205,0
1,634,5
2,331,4
ts'57,4
1*927,3
658,4
441,2
761,8
479,4
714,0
1*250,7
|t*703.7
|2,492,0
2*054,1
2*043,3
I 690,1
447,1
782,8
480,7
728,0
1,267,4
1.722,2
12,521,8
2,086,4
2,030,6
702,0
455,0
777,7
468,7
723,9
1,245,0
1,684,6
2,500,8
2,068,2
1*^73,0
704,7
426,9
743
485
696
1,199
1,643
2,345
1,977
1,937
660
451
766
491
714
1,254
1,712
2,461
2,064
2*067
690
458
756
486
711
1,253
1,712
2,496
2,062
2,036
693
454
758
463
712
1,247
1,711
2,499
2,064
2*031
692
448
756
480
712
1,250
1,709
2,514
8,129
5,828
8,183
5,879
6,291
5,966
8,165
5,859
6,164
5,875
6*265
5,957
8,257
5,945
6,261
5,947
6,245
5,932
1,646,0 1,694,3 1,699,0
65,9
66,5
66,3
910,5
662,6
903.0
1,305,2 1*312,2 1,260,4
725,9
718,2
714,2
1*219,7 1*227,3 1.227,4
1 * 1 0 0 , 9 1.115,7 1 . 1 1 2 , 9
217,0
218,3
213,1
775,3
764,8
772,6
245,9
214,6
242,1
1,668
73
909
1,307
710
1,167
1,091
207
749
243
1,716
73
909
1,301
717
1,219
1*096
214
778
240
1*709
73
903
1,305
719
1,219
1*101
214
776
236
1,702
74
904
1.303
718
1,222
1*106
213
779
240
1,701
74
901
1*295
718
U227
62,002 60,532
(61,851
61,897
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
Lumbar and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary matal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION A N D PUBLIC
UTILITIES
1*720.5
67,4
893,3
1,263,6
710,9
1,183,2
1,097,8
213.7
740,0
238,4
60,213
62*431
62*712
5,116
62,116
9,050
2,060
2,005
697
450
1*109
212
769
239
162,258
4,856
5*026
5,116
4,627
5*025
4,935
5,031
5,075
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
19,469
19,970
20,059
19,951 19,469
19,945
19,959
19,985
|19,969
WHOLESALE TRADE
4,930
14,539
5,065
14,905
5,128
14,931
5,125 4,901
14,626 14,568
5,055
14,690
5,062
14,897
5,060
14,905
5,097
|14,872
4,746
4,872
4,935
4,690
4,659
4,653
4,667
4,689
16,213
16,705
16,672
16,956 15,989
16,535
16,575
16,622
116,666
14,929
15,858
15,732
15,016 15,557
15,507
15,575
15,611
|l5,637
2,815
12,114
2,773
13,085
2,624
12,906
2,842 2,765
12,174 12,792
2,754
12*753
2,756
12,819
2,770
12*641
2,793
112,644
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
popreliminary.
4,963
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table
B-2.
Average
nonagricultural
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
w e e k l y hours of p r o d u c t i o n or nonsupervisory w o r k e r s ,
payrolls
by
on
private
industry
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
JULY
1978
TOTAL PRIVATE
MAY
1979
JUNE ,
1979 '
JULY
1979
p
JULY
1978
MAR,
1979
APR,
1979
MAY
1979
JUNE
1979
36.3
35.5
36,0
36.0
35.9
35.9
35.4
35,7
35,7
MINING
43.2
42,7
43,4
•2,3
43.0
43,2
43.0
•2,7
•3.1
CONSTRUCTION
38.2
37,3
38,0
37.8
37,3
37,6
35,8
37,2
37,4
MANUFACTURING
40.3
40,1
• 0.8
3.8
40,2
40,1
3.3
40,0
3.3
39.2
3,5
40,4
3.4
40,5
Overtime hours
2.8
3.4
3.3
D U R A B L E GOODS
Overtime hours
ao,9
40,8
•1.2
3.8
41,6
39,6
3.6
41,0
3.6
40,4
3.7
•.1
2.8
40,8
3.6
40,7
3.5
39,9
39,0
41,9
41.8
40,5
•1.5
40.1
•2.1
40.3
38,4
39,6
38,2
41,8
•1.3
40,7
•1.7
40,2
41.5
40,8
38,5
40,0
38.7
42.0
•1.7
• 1,0
42.0
40,4
41,4
40,8
38.9
39.3
38,4
41,4
40,7
40,5
41.5
39,2
•1.1
40,6
39,2
39,8
39.3
39.2
38.1
•1.3
•1.7
39.1
40,5
39,0
38,0
40,2
37,7
39.2
38.4
41,6
•1.3
40.7
42,0
40.3
•1.2
40.8
38,5
39,2
40,7
42,1
40.7
38,8
40.1
39,4
•2,3
• 1,9
•1.5
42.6
40.9
42,4
41.4
39.2
39,5
39,1
2.9
39,4
39,3
39,4
3.1
3.2
39.6
3.3
38,7
2.7
39.2
3.0
39,2
3,1
39,9
38,7
40,6
35,6
42,8
37,4
41,8
43,4
40,7
37,1
40,2
35.6
40,0
35,5
42,8
37.3
41,6
45,2
39.8
36,8
39,8
38,6
40,2
35,8
42.9
37.6
41,8
43,9
40,9
37.2
40.1
38.5
37.5
39,6
38,9
40,1
35,1
42.4
37.2
41,8
•3,7
40,4
36,4
40.6
35.5
42,9
37.8
42,0
44.2
41,4
36,2
39,7
37.9
38.9
34,3
42,3
37,2
41,8
•4.1
39,8
35,8
39.8
38.9
40.0
35,2
•2.5
37.3
• 1,9
•3.7
40,8
36,2
J9,8
37,8
40,0
35,2
42.5
37.4
•1.7
•3,2
40,7
36,3
40,0
39,7
40,0
39,9
39,6
40,2
39,3
39,9
39,8
32.7
32,8
32,6
32,6
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
N O N D U R A B L E GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
3.2
40.1
36.2
40.1
35.9
42.9
37.5
• i . 6
44,4
40,6
3.4
3.6
•1.7
• 1,8
41,0
38,3
• 1.5
41,4
40,7
42,0
40,1
40,9
40,7
38,7
3.0
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A N D PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE A N D R E T A I L T R A D E
33.7
32.4-
33,0
33.4
32.9
WHOLESALE T R A D E
39.0
38,9
39,0
39,1
38,8
38,9
38,8
32.0
30,4
31.1
39.1
31,6
38,7
RETAIL TRADE
31.1
30.7
30,9
30.6
30,7
FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D
REAL ESTATE
36,7
36,1
36,1
36,5
36,6
36,3
36.5
36,1
36.1
SERVICES
33.3
32.5
32.9
33.3
32,8
32.8
32,7
32,7
32.7
1
Data relate t o production workers in mining and manufacturing: t o construction workers in construction; and t o nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and]
retail trade; finance, insurance,'and real estate; and Services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the t o t a l employment o n private oona^ricultural payrolls,
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
TOTAL PRIVATE
Seasonally adjusted
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
,
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products.
JULY
1978
MAY
1979
JUNfc p
1979
JULY p
1979
$5,69
5.71
$6,08
6,09
16,11
6,13
$6,15
6,17
JULY
1978
MAY
1979
JUNE
1979
p
$206,55 |$215,64 $219.96
204,99 217,41 218,64
7,82
6,43
8,47
8,51
337,82
359,96
367.60
8,63
9.13
9,12
9.25
329,67
340,55
346,56
6,17
6,62
6,66
6,71
246,65
265,46
269,06
6.57
7,07
7.11
7.14
266.71
288,46
291.51
5.71
4,66
6,37
8,19
6,32
6.73
5,83
' 7,84
5.70
4,70
5.97
4,97
6,77
6,83
6,77
7.24
6,23
8.55
6.10
5,00
6,15
5,05
6,83
8,91
6,61
7.33
6,26
8,51
6,11
4,99
6,16
5,04
6,86
9,01
6,82
7.35
6,31
6,52
6.15
5,03
227.63
162,52
266,90
342,34
255,96
279,30
233,76
330.06
229,71
160.48
236,41
189,65
282,99
364,68
275.54
301,91
250,45
354,63
246,88
192,50
246,00
195,44
266,66
371,55
279.21
307,86 I
252,90
352,31
249,29 I
194,11
5.57
5.91
5,94
6,03
220,02
231,08
234,04 I
.80
.58
.32
.92
.63
.47
.05
.58
.51
,89
6,22
6,93
4,52
4,19
6.97
6,61
7,46
9,36
5,66
4,19
6,22
7iU
4.55
4.20
7,OS
6,66
7.51
9,30
5,89
4,19
6,30
7,20
4.66
4.21
7.13
6,91
7.59
9,34
5,94
4.25
232,56
236.20
173,23
140,73
264,43
242,63
293,99
380,95
223,71
145,88
246,31
269,58
161,25
147,07
295.53
253,33
311,63
409,03
237.55
152,52
246,18
275.16
164,73
149,52
301,74
256,56 I
313.92
403,62
239,72
155,45
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
7.53
7.93
7,98
6,06
301.20
314.62
319,20
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
a,66
5,00
5.02
5,04
157.04
162,00
165,66
WHOLESALE TRADE
5.91
4,19
6,30
4,48
6,34
4,50
6,39
230,49
134,06
245,07
136.19
247.26
139.95
4,93
5,22
5.22
160.93
186.44
166.44
164,84
171.60
173.38
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
4,51
5,30
4,95
5,26
5,27<
5.30
preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
T a b l e B-4.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
H o u r l y e a r n i n g s index f o r production or nonsupervisory workers
nonagricultural payrolls
on private
by i n d u s t r y division, seasonally adjusted
[1967=100]
Percent change f r o m —
Industry
JULY
1978
PEB.
1979
flAR.
1979
APB.
1979
DAI
1979
JOSE P
1979
JULY P
1979
214. 1
109.1
223.9
107.8
225.3
107.3
227.0
1Q7.0
227.4
106.1
228.6
105.6
230.3
B.A.
7.6
(2)
0.7
256.0
216.5
228.8
242.7
219.8
204.3
223. S
264.2
218.0
231.1
241.9
221.0
207.6
225.3
262.6
220.7
232.3
243.9
220.9
207.0
224.0
264.6
220.7
233.6
245.3
222.3
207.7
225.3
266.5
222.3
235.5
245.5
223.7
211.5
226.8
9.1
6.9
8.7
6.6
7.8
7.4
6.4
.7
.7
.8
.1
.6
1.8
J0LX 1 9 7 8 J 0 L I 1979
JUME 1 9 7 9
J 0 I X 1979
TOTAL PRIVATE NONFARM:
Constant (1967) dollars
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
244.3
207.9
216.7
230.4
207.6
196.9
213.2
253.3
216.3 .
227.1
241.6
218.1
203.9
.222.2
<
(3)
.7
1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 PEBCEHT CHABGE WAS - 3 . 0 FBOfl JOMB 1978 10 J0ME 1 9 7 9 , THE LATEST HOBTB AVAILABLE.
4 PERCENT CHANGE HAS - . 5 FfiOH HAT 1979 TO J0N£ 1 9 7 9 , THE LATEST MOUTH AVAILABLE.
N.A> =. not available.
p=preliminary.
NOTE: All series are in current dollars except where indicated. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime
premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are availaUe) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries.
Table B-5.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory w o r k e r s , on private
nonagricultural payrolls
[1967=100]
by i n d u s t r y , seasonally adjusted
,
1979
1978
Industry division and group
TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING
JULY
AUG,
SEPT, OCT,
120,6
120,4
120.6
106,1
105,4
105.5
APR,
MAY
124.7
122,4
111,0
106,3
NOV,
DEC,
JAN,
FEB,
MAR,
121,6
122.4
122.9
122,6
123.2
106,5
108.0
109,1
106.7
109,1
JUNE
JULY
123.9
124.1
124,1
109.3
109.3
109,0
146,6
MINING
143,5
1 4 5 , 7| 1 4 4 , 4
145,2
148,0
149,1
149.2
149, $
150,0
149,1
148,3
150,1
CONSTRUCTION
12^,2
122.6
122,6
123,8
124,3
126.5
120.6
122,4
131,5
124,6
132.3
133,9
133,9
MANUFACTURING
101.6
101.0
101,2
102,1
103.7
104.6
105,2
105,4
106,0
101,6
103,6
103.5
103,3
104,0
112,3
108,3
111,1
94,4
102,0
112,1
101.6
96,2
123,6
99,0
103,5
110,7
106,4
109,6
9 5 , 3j
101,6
110,61
101,1
96,1
123.91
100,6
103,9
111,6
106,2
110,1
95.5
102,0
111,5
100.1
97.7
123.9
100,3
105.5
113,9
107,5
110,8
96.9
103,1
113,6
101,4
100.4
124.5
100,9
107,1
115,3
106,6
112,0
99,0
105,2
114,5
102,6
102,6
125,7
101,8
106.3
116.2
109,4
113,3
99,2
106,6
116,9
103,4
103,6
126,9
101,5
106.8
116,6
110,0
111.5
99,7
106.6
117,0
105,1
104.7
126.6
102,9
109,6
115,5
108,6
112,2
100,5
106,0
119,2
106.4
105.0
130,0
102,3
110,2
116,9
109,7
115,1
99.6
107,9
119.6
107.8
104,6
131.3
102,6
104,4
112,5
105,3
111,6
99,0
101,4
114,6
102.6
92.3
127.8
97,8
107.3
112.2
105.1
112.6
97.3
105,4
116,0
105.8
99,6
129,0
96.7
107,0
112,2
104,0
112.6
97.8
105,4
119,2
106,0
96.9
129.6
99,5
106,6
111.6
105,4
110,6
95,4
104.9
119,9
105,0
98,1
133,0
98,0
91.5
90,1
101,9
99.1
106,6
121,2
146,2
67.1
97.2
97,2
91.3
91,4
74,5
71,5
91.6
91.2
90.1
90,1
99,21 9 9 , 0
96.3
97.8
106.0 1 0 6 , 0
123.2 122,7
145.4 1 4 5 , 0
69,6
69.1
97.2
92,2
73.5
91.6
66,7
96.2
98.5
106,2
123.0
147.0
66.8
96,6
94,6
73.5
92,4
90,0
100,5
100,3
107,2
124,7
149,6
67,3
99,1
96,1
77,6
92.2
69,6
100,7
100,1
107,0
124,2
152,3
66.5
99,9
97,0
74.6
93,6
69,6
101,7
101,1
107,6
123,3
153.9
66,7
99,2
95,3
73,5
91.3
69,2
102,5
101,7
107,6
124,2
154,9
64,2
99,6
97,0
78,4
92,3
86.6
103,5
102,6
107,5
127,4
154.5
63,7
97,5
95.7
77.2
67,9
85.9
102.2
100.8
107.3
126,2
147,6
62.4
96.7
95.3
82.0
90,6
66,0
102.9
101,5
107.6
124,2
152,0
63.7
98,4
95,3
79.6
90,2
67.4
102.9
101,8
107,7
122,6
149,7
63.9
98.2
93.3
75,8
90,5
86,5
103,6
103,1
107,7
127,9
146,7
57,9
130,7
1*0,6
131,4
132,0
132.3
132.5
132,3
132,9
134,2
133,7
134.0
134,4
134,6
106,5
107,7
106,2
109.9
110.2
110.3
111,2
111,2
112,2
107,5
111.5
112,1
111,3
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
,
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment . . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industry
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
JERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
98.1
93.6
78,6
127,4
127,2
126.4
1^6,7
127,6
128,4
127.5
129,5
129,6
129.2
129,3
129,1
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
125,7
128,0
126,1
127,7
127,1
127,7
127,4
128,5
127,6
128,7
126,5
128,6
126,4
127.3
120,9
126,2
130,6
129,0
130.0
129,8
130.6
128.6
130,7
128.7
130,5
128,5
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
139,0
1 3 9 , Z\ 1 3 9 , 6
140,5
140,6
140,9
141,7
142,0
142,4
143,6
142.3
143,0
144,6
SERVICES
144,1
144,l! 1 4 5 . 1 !
145.4
145.8
146.6
148^
1
See footnote 1. table B-2.
128.2
p= preliminary.
146^7. JLiliJL 1 5 J L U -
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.* Indexes of d i f f u s i o n : Percent of industries in w h i c h e m p l o y m e n t 1 increased
Year and month
Over 1-month span
Over 3-month span
Over 6-month span
Over 12-month span
1976
January
February
March
78.2
72.4
69.5
85.8
84.9
81.4
87.2
85.8
82.0
85 .2
84 .0
85 .2
April
May
June
70.1
58.1
57.8
72.
67,
65.1
75.
68.
71.
78 .8
82 .6
79 .9
58.4
49.1
64.8
57.8
64.0
53.8
63.1
65.1
66.3
78 .5
77 6
80 2
47.1
67.4
66.6
65.. 1
64.2
81.4
73.3
78.8
81.4
80 8
80 8
82 6
January
February.
March
76.2
66.0
74.7
83.1
86.3
81.1
88.1
87.8
85.2
78 8
80 5
80. 2
April
May
June
68.0
64.8
71.2
79,
76,
68.
79.4
75.9
72.1
84 6
84. 0
83, 1
July
August
September
59.3
51.7
60.8
63.
58.
62.
69.8
74.1
72.1
82. 6
83. 7
82. 6
October
November
December
60.5
73.8
72.1
73.8
75.3
79.7
77.9
82.0
83.1
81. 1
&1. 1
80. 8
January
February.
March
69.8
70,3
70.1
80.2
80.2
75.9
85.5
79.9
77.9
80. 5
79. 1
77. 6
April
May
June.•
62.8
56.4
67.2
67.4
63.7
62.5
68.9
67.7
59.6
78. 5
80. 5
82. 6
July
August
. ... .
September.......
54.9
51.7
57.6
57.0
49,7
58.7
61
74
77
82. 0
77. 6
75. 3
October
November
December
70.6
80.2
79.7
75.6
85.5
87.2
83.1
84.6
86.0
72. 4
75. 0
71. 5p
January.........
February
• • •.
March
,
74.1
65.1
62.5
82,
77,
58,
81.7
69.2
66.3p
71.8p
April
May
June.
44.2
48.0
60.2p
53.2
51.7p
53.5p
53.2p
July....;
August
September
50.6p
July
AugU8t
September
,.
October.•
November
December
1977
1978
,
•
1979
October
November
December
1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p » preliminary.
Chart 1. Civilian labor f o r c e and employment
(Seasonally adjusted)
- Civilian labor force
• Total employed
- Nonagricultural payroll employment
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
*-0**0
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Chart 2. Unemployment r a t e — a l l civilian workers
2.0 ' : ' ' ' ' ' ' ''•*- ',,J " ' l ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' "''•' W l '*- ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' ' • •' 2.0
1968
1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979
Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation
and t o t a l employment-population ratio
(Seasonally adjusted)
rate
a
-Participation r a t e
• Emp I oymen t-popu I a ti on r a ti o
*•«
o
i
so©
50.0 • - * -
i. > - i II , , . I • . . I . . . rR."'v. ."-4 1 . • I . . • I , . . I . . . I . . .
1968
1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976
Note: The shaded areas depict the business cycle peaks and troughs
as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research.
1977
1978 1979
J
50.0
@FedFRASER