Full text of The Employment Situation : July 1977

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News

Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact:

Washington, D.C. 20212

J. Bregger (202) 523-1944
523-1371
K. Hoyle
(202) 523-1913
523-1208
home:
333-1384

•

USDL 77-693
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A. M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
AUGUST 5, 1977

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

JULY 1977

Total employment was about unchanged in July and unemployment dropped back to May
levels, it was reported today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Department
of Labor.

The Nation's unemployment rate was 6.9 percent, compared with 7.1 percent in

June.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—was 90.6 million
in July, little changed from June after advancing for 8 consecutive months.

Employment

has grown by 2.8 million over the past 12 m o n t h s — a 2.9 million increase in nonagricultural industries and a 140,000 decline in agriculture.
Nonagricultural payroll employment—as measured by the monthly survey of establishm e n t s — d i d show further growth in July, rising by 255,000 to 82.4 million.

Over the past

year, nonfarm payroll jobs have increased by 2.9 million, and thus, at least for this
period, the two employment series have exhibited equivalent growth.

Prior to July, the

household employment series had been showing the larger gains.
Unemployment
The number of unemployed persons declined by 220,000 in July to 6.7 million, seasonally adjusted.

The overall unemployment rate edged down from June, returning to the

May rate of 6.9 percent.

The jobless rate has been close to the 7-percent mark since

April, after declining from late 1976.
All of the over-the-month decrease took place among teenagers and adult women.
At 17.4 percent, the jobless rate for teenagers was at its lowest point since October
1974; this decline was confined to white youth, as the rate for black teenagers (40.7
percent) remained extremely high.

The rate for adult women was 6.9 percent, compared

with 7.2 percent in June and 6.6 percent in May.
about unchanged at 5.1 percent.




(See table A-2.)

The jobless rate for adult men was

- 2The average (mean) duration of joblessness declined from 14.4 weeks in June to
14.1 weeks in July.

(See table A-4.)

There has been a general downward trend in

average duration of unemployment since early 1976.
Total Employment and the Labor Force
Total employment was little changed in July at 90.6 million, seasonally adjusted,
after rising for 8 consecutive months.

Reflecting the 2.8 million growth in employment

over the past year, the employment-population r a t i o — t h e proportion of the total noninstitutional population that is e m p l o y e d — h a s increased substantially.

Although marginally

below the June level, the July ratio of 57.1 percent remained close to the alltime high
of 57.4 percent last recorded in March 1974.

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Quarterly averages
Selected categories

Monthly data
1977

1976
II

III

IV

I

1977
II

June

July

97,158
90,408
6,750
58,943
N.A.

97,641
90,679
6,962
58,686
N.A.

97,305
90,561
6,744
59,242
N.A.

6.9
5.3
6.6
17.9
6.2
12.9
6.5

7.1
5.0
7.2
18.6
6.3
13.2
6.5

6.9
5.1
6.9
17.4
6.1
13.2
6.5

May

Thousands of persons

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers

94,544
87,501
7,043
59,032
903

95,261
87,804
7,457
58,963
827

95,711
88,133
7,578
59,132
992

96,067
88,998
7,068
59,379
929

97,186
90,370
6,816
58,908
1,061

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and other
Full-time workers

j

7.4
5.7
7.1
18.8
6.8
12.9
7.0

7.8
6.0
7.7
18.8
7.1
13.1
7.4

7.9
6.2
7.6
19.1
7.2
13.4
7.5

7.0
5.1
6.9
18.1
6.3
12.8
6.5

Thousands of jobs

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm payroll employment . . .
Goods-producing industries . . .
Service-producing industries . .

7.4
5.6
7.1
18.6
6.7
12.8
6.8

79,333
23,380
55,953

79,683
23,372
56,311

80,090
23,440
56,650

80,927
23,765
57,162

81,901p
24,291p
57,609p

81,921
24,306
57,615

82,095p 82,351p
24,351p 24,424p
57,7 44p 5 7 , 9 2 7 p

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
p-preliminary.




36.2
40.0
3.0

36.1
39.9
3.0

36.2
40.0
3.1

36.1
40.1
3.1

36.2p
40.4p
3 . 4p
N.A.-not available.

36.3
40.4
3.4

36.2p
4 0 . 5p
3 . 4p

36.lp
40.3p
3 . 3p

-

3

-

The civilian labor force declined by 340,000 from June to July, seasonally adjusted.
Nearly all of this reduction occurred among teenagers, who had registered an unusually
large increase in the previous month.

It is likely that the reduction in the labor force

in July was due to the lateness of the reference week for June (the 12th through the 18th).
Thus, some youth who otherwise would have been recorded as July entrants were counted in
June.

The total civilian labor force has shown strong gains throughout most of 1977 and

over the past 12 months has grown by 2.1 million.
The civilian labor force participation rate returned to the May level of 62.2 percent but was still above the rate that prevailed a year ago.

(See table A-l.)

Industry Payroll Employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment registered its ninth consecutive monthly
advance in July, rising 255,000 to 82.4 million, seasonally adjusted.

This increase

approximated the average monthly gain since last July, as the number of payroll jobs
has grown 2.9 million during this 12-month period.

Over-the-month employment gains

took place in 72 percent of the industries comprising the BLS diffusion index of
nonagricultural payroll employment.

(See tables B-l and B-6.)

Nearly three-fourths of the total payroll job increase occurred in the serviceproducing sector, in which all industries experienced gains.

Pacing this advance were

trade and services, each of which added about 60,000 jobs.
Manufacturing employment rose by 70,000 in July to 19.7 million.
about evenly divided between the durable and nondurable"
and textiles posting the largest advances.

This increase was

goods sectors, with machinery

Since October, growth in manufacturing has

been strong, totaling 750,000.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing industries, employment in contract construction
rose 35,000 in July, about half of which resulted from strike settlements.

After

remaining at about 3.6 million throughout 1976, construction jobs have increased by
310,000 thus far in 1977.
due to strike activity.




An over-the-month decline of 35,000 in mining employment was

- 4Hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls edged down a tenth of an hour for the second consecutive month, to 36.1
hours in July, seasonally adjusted.

Average hours had been above this level since

November, except in January when the workweek was affected by unusual weather conditions.
The manufacturing workweek decreased 0.2 hour to 40.3.
down 0.1 hour, after holding at 3.4 hours for 3 months.

Manufacturing overtime edged
(See table B-2.)

Despite the decline in the average workweek, the index of aggregate weekly hours of
production or nonsupervisory workers on nonagricultural payrolls moved up slightly,
reflecting increases in the service-producing sector.

The index advanced 0.1 percent

over the month to 115.8 (1967=100), 3.6 percent above last year's level.

The manufac-

turing index declined 0.3 percent to its May level of 98.5, still 4.6 percent higher
than last July.

(See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Seasonally-adjusted average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls rose slightly in July.

Both hourly and

weekly earnings were 7.6 percent above their levels 12 months earlier.
On an unadjusted basis, average hourly earnings were $5.23 in July, up 2 cents from
June and 37 cents from a year earlier.

Average weekly earnings were $190.90, an increase

of $1.26 over the month and $13.02 from the July 1976 level.

(See table B-3.)

The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage
industries—was 198.5 (1967=100) in July, 0.5 percent higher than in June.
6.9 percent above July a year ago.

During the 12-month period ended in June, the Hourly

Earnings Index in dollars of constant purchasing power rose 0.2 percent.




The index was

(See table B-4.)

Explanatory Note
This release presents and analyzes statistics from two
major surveys. Data on labor force, total employment, and
unemployment (A tables) are derived from the Current
Population Survey, a sample survey of households conducted
by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. The sample consists of about 47,000 households
selected to represent the U.S. civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and over.
Statistics on nonagricultural payroll employment, hours,
and earnings (B tables) are collected by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies, from payroll
records of a sample of approximately 165,000 establishments. Unless otherwise indicated, data for both series
relate to the week containing the 12th day of the specified
month.
Comparability of household and payroll employment
statistics
Employment data from the household and payroll surveys differ in several basic respects. The household survey
provides information on the labor force activity of the
entire population 16 years of age and over, without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
The payroll survey relates only to paid wage and salary
employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. The household survey counts employed persons in both agriculture and in nonagricultural
industries and, in addition to wage and salary workers (including private household workers), includes the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and persons "with a
job but not at work" and not paid for the period absent.
Persons who worked at more than one job during the survey week or otherwise appear on more than one payroll are
counted more than once in the establishment survey. Such
persons are counted only once in the household survey and
are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours.
Unemployment
To be classified in the household survey as unemployed
an individual must: (1) have been without a job during the
survey week, (2) have made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks, and (3) be
presently available for work. In addition, persons on layoff and those waiting to begin a new job (within 30 days)
are also classified as unemployed. The unemployed total




includes all persons who satisfactorily meet the above
criteria, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment
insurance benefits or any kind of public assistance. The
unemployment rate represents the unemployed as a proportion of the civilian labor force (the employed and unemployed combined).
To meet the extensive needs of data users, the Bureau
regularly publishes data on a wide variety of labor market
indicators—see, for example, the demographic, occupational, and industry detail in tables A-2 and A-3. A special
grouping of seven unemployment measures is set forth in
table A-7. Identified by the symbols U-1 through U-7,
these measures represent a range of possible definitions of
unemployment and of the labor force, extending from the
most restrictive (U-1) to the most comprehensive (U-7). The
official rate of unemployment appears as U-5.
Seasonal adjustment
Nearly all economic phenomena are affected to some
degree by seasonal variations. These are recurring, predictable events which are repeated more or less regularly
each year—changes in weather, school vacations, major
holidays, industry production schedules, etc. The cumulative
effects of these events are often large. For example, on average over the year, they explain about 9 0 percent of the
month-to-month variance in the unemployment figures.
Since seasonal variations tend to be large relative to the
underlying cyclical trends, it is necessary to use seasonallyadjusted data to interpret short-term economic developments. A t the beginning of each year, current seasonal
adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force
series are calculated taking into account the prior year's
experience, and revised data are introduced in the release
containing January data.
All seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major employment
and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating
independently adjusted series. The official unemployment
rate for all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate for total unemployment (the sum of four seasonallyadjusted age-sex components) by the civilian labor force
(the sum of 12 seasonally-adjusted age-sex components).
Several alternative methods for seasonally adjusting the
overall unemployment rate are also used on a regular basis
in order to illustrate the degree of uncertainty that arises
because of the seasonal adjustment procedure. Among these
alternative methods are five different age-sex adjustments,

including a concurrent adjustment and one based on stable
factors and four based on other unemployment aggregations.
Alternative rates for 1976 are shown in the table at the end
of this note. (Current alternative rates and an explanation of
the methods may be obtained from BLS upon request.)
For establishment data, the seasonally-adjusted series
for all employees, production workers, average weekly
hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted by aggregating the seasonally-adjusted data from the respective
component series. These data are revised annually, usually
in conjunction with the annual benchmark adjustments
(comprehensive counts of employment).
Sampling variability
Both the household and establishment survey statistics
are subject to sampling error, which should be taken into
account in evaluating the levels of a series as well as changes
over time. Because the household survey is based upon a
probability sample, the results may differ from the figures
that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete
census using the same questionnaire and procedures. The
standard error is the measure of sampling variability, that is,
the variations that might occur by chance because only a

sample of the population is surveyed. Tables A-E in the
"Explanatory Notes" of Employment and Earnings provide
standard errors for unemployment and other labor force
categories.
Although the relatively large size of the monthly establishment survey assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it also may differ from the figures
obtained if a complete census using the same schedules
and procedures were possible. Moreover, since the estimating procedures employ the previous month's level as
the base in computing the current month's level of employment (link-relative technique), sampling and response
errors may accumulate over several months. To remove
this accumulated error, the employment estimates are adjusted to new benchmarks, usually annually. In addition
to taking account of sampling and response errors, the
benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in
the industrial classification of individual establishments.
Employment estimates are currently projected from March
1974 benchmark levels. Measures of reliability for employment estimates are provided in the "Explanatory Notes" of
Employment and Earnings, as are the actual amounts of
revisions due to benchmark adjustments (tables G-L).

Unemployment rate by alternative seasonal adjustment methods

Month

Unadjusted
rate

Alternative age-sex procedures
Official
AdAll
All
justed
YearStable
Conmultipli- addiRate
ahead current 1967-73
cative
tive

Other aggregations
(all multiplicative)
Duration

Reasons

Total

Direct
adjust- Composite
Resid- ment
ual

Range
(cols.
2-13)

(14)

(1)

(2)

(3)

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

8.8
8.7
8.1
7.4
6.7
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.4
7.4

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5

7.8
7.6

8.0
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.2
7.5
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.4

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.2
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

8.1
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

8.0
7.5

7.8

7.8
7.6

8.2
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.4
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.8

7.9
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.7
8.0
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.9

7.9
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.5
7.7
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

1976
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December




7.3
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

7.5
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.8
7.9
7.8
8.0
8.0
7.9

7.2
7.5
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.1
7.9

7.3
7.4
7.2
7.5
7.6
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
7.9

7.5
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.8
8.0
7.9
7.9
8.0
7.8

7.5
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.7
7.9
7.8
8.0
8.0
7.8

0.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.3
.3
.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Seasonally adjusted
Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

156,142
2,140
154,002
95,189
61.8
87,783
56.2
3,333
84,450
7,406
7.8
58,813

157,782
2,138
155,643
96,539
62.0
89,475
56.7
3,116
86,359
7,064
7.3
59,104

157,986
2,132
155,854
96,760
62.1
90,023
57.0
3,260
86,763
6,737
7.0
59,094

67,537
65,845
52,902
80.3
50,379
74.6
2,464

66,279
64,586
51,675
80.0
48,544
73.2
2,429

47,916
2,522
4.8
12,943

46,115
3,131
6.1
12,911

67,114
65,423
52,061
79.6
49,267
73.4
2,208
47,059
2,794
5.4
13,362

74,198
74,101
35,263
47.6
32,755
44.1
690
32,064
2,508
7.1
38,838

74,315
74,217
34,918
47.0
32,456
43.7
683
31,772
2,462
7.1
39,299

73,053
72,966
34,487
47.3
31,853
43.6
486
31,367
2,634
7.6
38,479

16,811
16,450
11,348
69.0
9,339
55.6
704
8,635
2,008
17.7
5,102

16,827
16,483
10,987
66.7
8,620
51.2
594
8,025
2,367
21.5
5,495

16,830
16,485
11,494
69.7
9,537
56.7
643
8,894
1,957
17.0
4,992

137,424
135,643
85,850
63.3
79,856
58.1
5,993
7.0
49,793

139,270
137,522
87,530
63.6
81,749
58.7
5,781
6.6
49,992

18,719
18,359
11,335
61.7
9,752
52.1
1,584
14.0
7,024

19,186
18,805
11,605
61.7
9,933
51.8
1,671
14.4
7,200

June
1977

July
1977

156,142
2,140
154,002
97,185
63.1
89,608
57.4
3,931
85,677
7,577
7.8
56,817

158,456
2,129
156,327
99,135
63.4
91,682
57.9
3,820
87,862
7,453
7.5
57,192

158,682
2,135
156,547
99,314
63.4
92,372
58.2
3,790
88,582
6,941
7.0
57,234

66,279
64,586
52,068
80.6
49,143
74.1
2,596
46,547
2,925
5.6
12,518

67,431
65,743
52,885
80.4
50,308
74.6
2,536
47,772
2,577
4.9
12,858

73,053
72,966
33,769
46.3
31,126
42.6
632
30,494
2,643
7.8
39,196

July
1976

June
1977

July
1977

158,228
2,128
156,101
97,158
62.2
90,408
57.1
3,386
87,022
6,750
6.9
58,943

158,456
2,129
156,327
97,641
62.5
90,679
57.2
3,338
87,341
6,962
7.1
58,686

158,682
2,135
156,547
97,305
62.2
90,561
57.1
3,213
87,348
6,744
6.9
59,242

67,209
65,522
52,089
79.5
49,465
73.6

67,324
65,641
52,282
79.6
49,531
73.6

2,280
47,185
2,624
5.0
13,433

2,373
47,158
2,751
5.3
13,359

67,431
65,743
52,497
79.9
49,859
73.9
2,372
47,487
2,638
5.0
13,246

67,537
65,845
52,494
79.7
49,794
73.7
2,305
47,489
2,700
5.1
13,351

73,852
73,757
35,295
47.9
32,750
44.3
496
32,254
2,545
7.2
38,462

73,958
73,863
35,455
48.0
32,985
44.6
577
32,408
2,470
7.0
38,408

74,081
73,987
35,634
48.2
33,288
44.9
597
32,691
2,346
6.6
38,353

74,198
74,101
35,675
48.1
33,116
44.6
564
32,552
2,559
7.2
38,426

74,315
74,217
35,667
48.1
33,212
44.7
525
32,687
2,455
6.9
38,550

16,811
16,450
9,027
54.9
7,386
43.9
418
6,968
1,641
18.2
7,423

16,816
16,464
9,183
55.8
7,458
44.4
412
7,046
1,725
18.8
7,281

16,819
16,468
9,216
56.0
7,573
45.0
403
7,170
1,643
17.8
7,252

16,823
16,473
9,242
56.1
7,589
45.1
416
7,173
1,653
17.9
7,231

16,827
16,483
9,469
57.4
7,704
45.8
402
7,302
1,765
18.6
7,014

16,830
16,485
9,144
55.5
7,555
44.9
383
7,172
1,589
17.4
7,341

139,450
137,698
87,616
63.6
82,331
59.0
5,285
6.0
50,082

137,424
135,643
84,254
62.1
78,295
57.0
5,959
7.1
51,389

138,732
136,972
85,482
62.4
79,832
57.5
5,650
6.6
51,490

138,894
137,139
85,642
62.4
80,249
57.8
5,393
6.3
51,497

139,089
137,337
85,937
62.6
80,603
58.0
5,334
6.2
51,400

139,270
137,522
86,268
62.7
80,813
58.0
5,455
6.3
51,254

139,450
137,698
85,968
62.4
80,752
57.9
5,216
6.1
51,730

19,232
18,850
11,697
62.1
10,042
52.2
1,656
14.2
7,152

18,719
18,359
10,868
59.2
9,464
50.6
1,404
12.9
7,491

19,050
18,672
11,104
59.5
9,690
50.9
1,414
12.7
7,568

19,091
18,714
11,071
59.2
9,711
50.9
1,360
12.3
7,643

19,140
18,763
11,171
59.5
9,730
50.8
1,441
12.9
7,592

19,186
18,805
11,325
60.2
9,833
51.3
1,492
13.2
7,480

19,232
18,850
11,236
59.6
9,758
50.7
1,478
13.2
7,614

July
1976

May
1977

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
•
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
WHITE
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
BLACK AND OTHER
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including
Armed Forces).

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-2. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Selected categories

Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)

Unemployment rates

July
1976

July
1977

July
1976

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

July
1977

7,406
3,131
2,634
1,641

6,744
2,700
2,455
1,589

7.8
6.1
7.6
18.2

7.3
5.4
7.2
18.8

7.0
5.0
7.0
17.8

6.9
5.3
6.6
17.9

7.1
5.0
7.2
18.6

6.9
5.1
6.9
17.4

White, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

5,959
2,561
2,084
1,314

5,216
2,137
1,910
1,169

7.1
5.5
7.0
16.2

6.6
4.9
6.5
16.6

6.3
4.6
6.1
16.1

6.2
4.7
5.9
15.7

6.3
4.5
6.4
16.1

6.1
4.6
6.2
14.3

Black and other, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

1,404
566
526
312

1,478
553
518
407

12.9
10.6
11.4
34,2

12.7
9.4
11.6
40.1

12.3
8.5
12.3
36.2

12.9
9.9
11.8
38.7

13.2
9.6
11.9
39.4

13.2
10.1
10.9
40.7

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families

1,743
1,628
424

1,365
1,464
403

4.4
7.4
10.2

3.7
6.7
9.6

3.6
6.6
9.2

3.6
6.3
8.4

3.4
6.8
9.4

3.4
6.6
9.3

5,878
1,500
2,247 I

5,407
1,304
i,834

7.3
10.6
2.4
8.1

6.7
11.1
2.0
7.8

6.5
9.9
1.9
7.4

6.5
9.9
1.9
7.5

6.5
10.7
1.8
7.5

6.5
9.2
1.9
7.4

CHARACTERISTICS
rotal, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

—

- -

OCCUPATION 3

Managers and administrators, except farm

2,168
430
327
310
1,101
3,119
881
1,270
294
674
1,140
129

1,900
400
260
326
914
2,684
705
1,160
277
542
1,034
108

4.7
3.1
3.4
5.4
6.6
9.7
7.2
11.1
8.2
13.4
8.6
4.3

4.7
3.1
3.4
5.5
6.5
8.3
6.0
9.2
6.9
13.2
7.9
5.4

4.4
3.2
2.9
5.1
6.0
7.8
4.9
9.3
6.0
12.6
8.1
4.8

4.3
2.9
2.8
5.5
5.7
7.9
5.6
8.9
6.7
12.5
9.0
4.4

4.2
3.0
2.7
5.2
5.7
7.7
5.6
9.4
5.7
10.9
8.2
4.8

4.0
2.8
2.6
5.4
5.4
8.2
5.6
10.1
7.5
10.7
7.7
3.8

5,515
752
1,675
946
729
245
1,519
1,283
702
175

4,824
561
1,446
779
667
238
1,378
1,162
615
137

8.0
17.0
7.8
7.5
8.4
5.2
8.6
6.4
4.5
11.8

7.4
14.2
6.6
6.1
7.3
5.1
8.4
6.4
4.0
13.2

7.0
12.0
6.7
6.0
7. 7
4.4
7.8
6.1
4.0
12.3

7.1
13.0
6.2
5.7
7.0
4.3
8.3
6.6
4.1
11.5

6.9
12.6
6.3
5.6
7.3
4.1
7.9
6.0
4.2
11.0

6.8
12.1
6.7
6.1
7.6
4.7
7.7
5.7
3.9
9.7

529
193
210
126

517
154
207
156

8.3
20.4
6.8
5.5

6.8
17.1
6.6
3.3

7.3
14.4
7.7
4.3

7.5
13.6
7.8
5.1

7.6
18.1
7.1
4.5

7.9
16.3
7.2
5.8

1,323
734
404
185

1,204
680
341
183

8.7
10.9
8.4
5.1

7.9
10.4
7.0
4.3

6.8
10.1
5.7
4.2

7.2
10.2
5.4
4.1

6.9
8.9
6.3
4.0

7.6
9.9
6.8
4.6

INDUSTRY3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers4

Agricultural wage and salary workers
VETERAN STATUS
Male Vietnam-era veterans:5

Male non veterans:

1

Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that
a




by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
4
Includes mining, not shown separately.
5
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5 , 1 9 6 4 , and May 7 , 1 9 7 5 .

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-3. Selected employment indicators
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

July
1977

July
1976

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

July
1977

608
264
344
261
624

92,,372
55,,677
36,,696
38,,549
20,,096

87,,783
52,,507
35,,276
38,,146
20,,353

89,,475
53,,270
36,,205
38,,294
20,,963

90,,023
53,,575
36,,448
38,,536
21,,076

90,,408
53, 722
36, 686
38,,509
20,,962

90,,679
53,,987
36,,692
38,,582
20,,831

90,561
53,900
36,661
38,434
20,846

43 179
12 712
9 298
5 473
15,,695
30,,634
11,,816
10,,353
3,,326
5,,139
12,,416
3,,379

44.,765
13.,253
9.,660
5,,750
16,,102
31.,652
12.,398
10,,496
3.,451
5.,307
12.,706
3,,249

43,,503
13,,291
9,,226
5,,442
15,,544
29,,100
11,,329
10,,131
3.,275
4,,365
12,,178
2,,861

44,,495
13,,439
9,,543
5,,617
15,,896
30,,025
11.,709
10.,574
3.,487
4,,255
12,,272
2,,652

44,,851
13., 591
9,,434
5.,765
16,,061
30,,193
11,,896
10 ;,394
3,,482
4,,421
12,,254
2,,779

44,,766
13,,483
9,,400
5,,695
16,,188
30,,423
11,,894
10,,530
3,,552
4,,447
12,,372
2,,904

44,,798
13,,638
9,,570
5,,673
15,,917
30,,432
11,,891
10,,378
3,,551
4,,612
12,,697
2.,838

45,105
13,863
9,583
5,716
15,943
30,063
11,887
10,270
3,397
4,509
12,460
2,743

1,,665
1,,805
461

1,,620
1,,672
499

1.,306
1,,686
336

1,,282
1,,513
319

1.,310
1,,548
366

1,,325
1,,655
393

1,,381
1,,595
378

1,271
1,561
363

79,,425
14.,478
64,,947
1.,453
63,,494
5,,807
445

81,,987
14,,662
67,,326
1,,465
65,,861
6,,073
521

78,,250
14,,942
63,,308
1,,433
61,,875
5,,640
447

79,,869
14,,923
64,,946
1,,313
63,,633
5,,919
536

80,,306
14,,960
65,,346
1,,320
64,,026
5,,954
499

80,,429
15,,075
65,,354
1,,305
64, 049
6, 050
550

80,,814
14,,961
65,,853
1,,388
64,,465
5.,997
518

80,738
15,131
65,607
1,445
64,162
5,896
523

74,,347
62 j,257
3,
,803
1,,191
2,,612
8,,287

77,,467
64,,745
4,,074
1,,309
2,,765
8,,648

79,,257
65,,261
3,,136
1,,311
1,,825
10,,860

81,,330
66,,659
3,,276
1,,212
2,,064
11,,395

81,,005
66,,436
3,,174
1,,167
2,,007
11,,395

81, 771

81,,618
67,,126
3,,368
1,,341
2,,027
11,,124

82,572

July
1976
CHARACTERISTICS
Total employed, 16 years and over
Men
Women

89
54
35
38
19

OCCUPATION

Managers and administrators, execpt farm

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:

Nonagricultural industries:

Private industries
Private households
Other industries

PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons

67, 219
3, 290
1, 314
1, 976
11, 262

67,867
3,371
1,440
1,931
11,334

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.

Table A-4. Duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment

July
1976

July
1977

July
1976

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

July
1977

3,066
2,401
2,111
805
1,306

2,960
2,258
1,724
717
1,007

2,931
2,093
2,247
1,058
1,189

3,005
2,098
1,923
1,146

3,100
1,857
1,816
715
1,101

2,782
2,093
1,836
800
1,036

3,058
2,023
1,737
798
939

2,830
1,969
1,834
917
917

14.9

13.5

15.6

14.0

1^.3

14.9

14.4

14.1

100.0
40.5
31.7
27.9
10.6
17.2

100.0
42.6
32.5
24.8
10.3
14.5

100.0
40.3
28.8
30.9
14.6
16.4

100.0
42.8
29.9
27.4
11.1
16.3

100.0
45.8
27.4
26.8
10.6
16.3

100.0
41.5
31.2
27.4
11.9
15.4

100.0
44.9
29.7
25.5
11.7
13.8

100.0
42.7
29.7
27.6
13.8
13.8

DURATION

5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration in weeks

111

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

than 5 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-5. Reasons for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Reasons

July
1976

July
1977

July
1976

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

July
1977

3,505
978
2,527
1,000
1,945
1,128

2,869
787
2,082
879
1,886
1,308

3,758
1,142
2,616
957
1,879
794

3,143
865
2,278
919
2,013
1,003

2,953
754
2,199
846
2,001
972

3,038
749
2,289
944
1,993
893

2,927
827
2,100
954
1,889
1,077

3,075
919
2,156
841
1,822
974

100.,0
46.,3
12.,9
33.,4
13.,2
25.,7
14..9

100.,0
41.,3
11.,3
30.,0
12.,7
27.,2
18..8

100.,0
50.,9
15.,5
35,,4
13.,0
25.,4
10.,7

100.0
44.4
12.2
32.2
13.0
28.4
14.2

100.0
43.6
11.1
32.5
12.5
29.5
14.4

100.0
44.2
10.9
33.3
13.7
29.0
13.0

100. 0
42.,7
12.,1
30.,7
13.,9
27.,6
15.,7

100.0
45.8
13.7
32.1
12.5
27.1
14.5

3..6
1..0
2..0
1,.2

2..9
.9
1..9
1,.3

3..9
1..0
2..0
.8

3.3
1.0
2.1
1.0

3.1
.9
2.1
1.0

3.1
1.0
2.1
.9

3..0
1..0
1.,9
1,.1

3.2
.9
1.9
1.0

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

On layoff
Other job losers
Left last job

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

..

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Table A-6. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Sex and age

Number of
unemployed petsons
(In thousands)

Unemployment rartes

July
1976

July
1977

July
1976

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977

July
1977

7,,406
1 ,641
786
832
1,,598
4,,229
3 ;,495
685

6, 744
1, 589
752
815
1, 522
3, 679
3,,076
552

7.,8
18.,2
20.,8
15.,9
11.,4
5.,9
6.,0
4.,9

7. 3
18. 8
22. 2
16. 6
11. 4
5. 1
5. 2
4. 3

7.,0
17.,8
19.,2
16.,8
10.,8
4.,9
5.,1
4.,1

6.,9
17.,9
20.,4
16.,3
10.,7
4.,8
5.,1
4. 0

7.,1
18.,6
21.,3
16.,5
10.,5
5.,0
5.,3
3.,8

6.9
17.4
19.9
15.3
10.6
5.0
5.2
3.9

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4,,020
889
430
461
921
2 ,221
1.,847
372

3,,538
838
424
417
833
1,,874
1, ,551
319

7..1
18..3
20..8
16.,6
12..0
5..1
5.,2
4..2

6. 5
18. 7
22. 2
16. 1
11. 2
4. 3
4. 3
4. 4

6.,1
17.,0
17.,9
16.,0
10.,5
4..1
4.,3
3..7

6.,3
• 17.,0
18.,7
16.,0
10.,6
4.,2
4.,4
3.,9

6..2
18.,6
22.,7
15.,5
9..9
4..1
4..3
3..3

6.2
16.9
20.2
14.7
10.6
4.2
4.3
3.6

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3 ,386
752
356
371
677
2 ,008
1 ,648
313

3,,206
751
328
398
689
1,,805
1.,525
233

8..8
18..0
20..8
15..2
10,.6
7,.1
7,.2
5,.9

8. 5
18.,9
22. 2
17.,1
11., 7
6.,1
6.,'6
4.,2

8.,2
18..8
20.,8
17..7
11..2
6..0
6..5
4..6

7.,9
19.,0
22.,5
16..6
10.,9
5..7
6,.1
4..3

8..4
18..7
19..7
17..5
11,.0
6,.3
6,.7
4,.6

8.0
17.9
19.5
16.0
10.5
6.2
6.4
4.4

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over




HOUSEHOLD

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

DATA

Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
[Percent]
Monthly data

Quarterly averages
Measures

1977

1977

1976

II

May

June

July

2. 2

1. 8

1.9

1.8

1.9

3.9

3. 4

3. 1

3.1

3.0

3.2

5.3

5.3

4. 8

4. 4

4.5

4.3

4.3

7.0

7.4

7.5

6. 8

6. 5

6.5

6.5

6. 5

7.4

7.8

7.9

7.,4

7.,0

6.9

7.1

6.9

9.1

9.5

9.7

9..0

8.,6

8.6

8.7

8.6

10.0

10.3

10.7

9,.9

9.,7

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

II

III

IV

U-1—Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force

2.2

2.4

2.6

U-2—Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

3. 7

3.9

U-3—Unemployed household heads as a percent of the household head
labor force

4.9

U-4—Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor
force
U-5—Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
(official measure)

I

1

U-6—Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus /2 total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian
labor force less V* of the part-time labor force
1

U-7 —Total full-time jobseekers plus /a part-time jobseekers plus % total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
V2 of the part-time labor force
N.A.= not available.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Industry

July
1976

TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

Seasonally adjusted

May
1977

June
1977p

1977p

79,242

82,029

82,903

82, 159

23,446

24,167

24,676

24,585

804

844

870

835

July
1976

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1?77

May
1977

79,513

81,395

81,686

81, 921

82,095

23,344

24,005

24,217

24,306

24,351

791

842

847

845

855

June
1977p

3, 821

3, 853

4, 048

4, 144

3, 608

3, 759

3, 842

3, 861

3, 877

MANUFACTURING
Production workers

18, 8 2 1
13,470

19,470
14,021

19,758
14,259

19,606
14,089

18,945
13,618

19,404
13,958

19,528
14,066

19,600
14,145

19,619
14,144

DURABLE GOODS
Production workers

10,958
7, 787

11,442
8, 207

11,597
8, 336

11,492
8, 226

11, 034
7, 878

11,370

11,423
8, 177

11,469
8, 233

11,490
8, 241

155. 2
637.0
504. 1
655. 7
1, 208. 8 1, 217.8
1,374.0 1,440. 1
2,064.9 2, 161.0
1, 806. 3 1,915. 1
1, 679.8 1,811.0
510. 3
525.4
413. 1
419.9

156.5
661.4
511. 1
671. 5
1, 233.5
1,463. 1
2,180.6
1,937.7
1,828. 1
530. 3
423.4

153.5
663.0
502.9
675.4
1,220.4
1, 447. 3
2, 171.9
1, 926. 2
1,793.9
527. 6
410. 3

157
639
507
651

157
638
509
654
1, 217
1, 447
2, 165
1, 931

157
638
510
658
1,218
1,451

Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products ...
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Production workers

-

Food and kindred product;
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products....
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec.
Leather and leather products ....
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE .
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

156. 8
623.4
478.4
641. 8

7, 863
5, 683
1,749.5
73.2
951. 3
1, 255. 0
678. 7
1, 076.4
1, 041.9
207. 1
564.8
265. 0

8, 028
5, 814
1,673.9
63. 2
983.5
1,295.9

696.0
1, 105.4
1,056.4
209. 8
673.9
269. 7

8, 161
5, 923
1, 722.4
65.0
995. 7
1, 317. 5
707.9
1, 111.4

1, 068. 2
214. 2
684. 6
274. 2

8, 114
5, 863
1, 758. 5
65. 2

980. 6
1,269.3
703.0
1, 1 0 8 . 0
1,073.0
215. 8
675.1
265. 51

8, 128

156
605
490
631
1, 206
1, 387
2,084
1, 815
1, 728
512
420

156
633
503
641
1, 199
1,432
2, 142
1, 906
1, 808
526
424

1,433
2, 150
1,919
1, 808
526
425

7, 911
5, 740

8,034
5, 830

8, 105
5, 889

8, 131
5, 912

8, 129
5, 903

1, 719
80
970
1,299
680

1, 734
68
973
1, 283
688
1, 097
1,051
207
267

1, 743
73
981
1, 291
697
1, 102
1, 060
211
680
267

1, 735
71
988
1, 298
703
1, 109
1, 063
210
685
269

1, 733
72
987
1, 307
701
1, 110
1,061
210
681
267
57,744

1, 082
1, 037
201
572
271

666

1, 208

1, 802
526
423

2, 168
1, 932
1, 810
528
420

55,796

57,862

58,227

57, 574

56, 169

57,390

57,469

57,615

4, 540

4, 577

4, 626

4, 615

4, 508

4,568

4, 575

4, 586

4, 576

17,723

18,176

18,322

18, 297

17,737

18,189

18,203

18, 235

18,227

4, 297
13,426

4, 353
13,823

4, 399
13,923

4,412
13,885

4, 271
13,466

4, 354
13,835

4, 371
13,832

4, 384
13,851

4, 373
13,854

4, 368

4,476

4, 533

4, 565

4, 312

4,453

4,463

4,480

4,488

15, 197

15,241

SERVICES

14,825

15,288

15,454

15,473

14,664

15,149

15,182

GOVERNMENT

14,340

15,345

15,292

14,624

14, 9 4 8

15,031

15,046

15,117

15,212

2, 775
11,565

2, 728
12,617

2, 765
12,527

2, 782
11, 842

2, 723
12,225

2, 725
12,306

2, 719
12,327

2, 723
12,394

2, 73E
12,477

FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL

preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry

Not seasonally adjusted
-Industry

Seasonally adjusted

July
1976

May
1977

June
1977p

36. 6

36. 1

36. 4

36.5

36. 1

36. 3

36. 2

36. 3

36. 2

36. 1

42. 7

44. 1

44. 6

44. 0

42. 6

44. 4

44. 4

44. 0

44. 0

43. 9

C O N T R A C T CONSTRUCTION

37. 9

37. 5

37. 4

37. 7

36. 9

37. 1

37. 3

37.4

36. 8

36. 7

MANUFACTURING
Overtime hours

40. 0
3. 1

40. 3
3. 3

40. 8
3. 5

40. 1
3. 3

40. 1
3. 1

40. 4
3. 3

40. 3
3.4

40.4
3.4

40. 5
3. 4

40. 3
3. 3

DURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours

40. 5
3. 2

41. 0
3. 5

41. 5
3. 7

40. 6
3.5

40. 9
3. 3

41. 0
3. 4

40. 8
3.6

41. 1
3.6

41.2
3. 7

41. 0
3. 6

40. 5
40. 4
38. 2
41. 2
41. 0
40. 6
40. 8
39. 5
42. 0
40. 3
38. 4

41. 0
40. 3
38. 4
41. 8
41. 5
41. 0
41. 4
40. 1
42. 8
40. 3
39. 0

41.
40.
39.
42.
41.
41.
41.
40.
43.
40.
39.

0
7
2
0
7
6
9
6
2
7
3

39.9
40. 2
38.5
41.6
40.6
40.6
41.2
39.7
41.9
40. 3
38. 3

40. 9
40. 6
38. 6
41. 0
41. 2
41. 0
41. 5
40. 1
42. 0
40. 8
38. 8

40. 6
40. 1
38. 6
41. 4
41. 1
41. 0
41. 5
40. 3
42. 8
40. 4
39. 3

41. 2
40. 0
38.4
41. 7
41. 5
40. 7
41. 3
40. 0
41. 9
40. 1
38. 9

41. 1
40.0
38. 7
41.7
41. 6
41. 0
41. 6
40. 1
42. 7
40.4
39. 0

40. 9
39.9
38. 8
41. 7
41. 6
41. 3
41. 9
40. 4
42. 9
40. 7
39. 1

40.
40.
38.
41.
40.
41.
42.
40.
41.
40.
38.

39. 2
3. 0

39. 3
3. 0

39. 7
3. 2

39. 3
3.0

39. 1
2. 9

39. 5
3. 1

39.5
3.2

39.5
3. 1

39.6
3. 1

39. 3
2. 9

7
1
6
5
7
5
7
t
1
3

40. 1
38. 5
40. 9
36. 1
43. 1
37. 7
42. 0
42. 9
41. 3
38. 1

40. 1
36. 9
40.2
35.6
42.5
37. 7
41.5
43.5
40.2
37.1

40. 0
35. 0
40. 2
35. 5
42. 3
37. 7
41. 4
42. 2
40. 3
37., 0

40. 2
38. 4
40. 8
35. 6
42. 8
37. 7
41. 8
43. 0
41. 2
36. 4

40. 3
38. 3
40. 5
35. 1
43. 3
37. 7
41. 9
42. 7
41. 2
37.4

39.9
38. 6
40. 7
35. 7
43. 0
37.6
41. 7
42. 6
41. 3
37. 1

40. 0
38. 6
40. 5
36.0
42.9
37. 7
41. 9
42. 7
41. 1
37. 3

39. 7
38. 2
40. 5
35. 5
42. 5
37. 8
41. 6
43. 1
40. 6
36. 7

TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING

Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec ...
Leather and leather products

40.
33.
39.
35.
42.
37.
41.
42.
39.
37.

4
8
9
6
3
6
3
6
9
4

39.
38.
40.
35.
42.
37.
41.
42.
41.
37.

Julv
1977

July
1976

Mar.
1977

Apr.
1977

May
1977

June
1977P

Jul"}L
P

1977

3
4
9
4
8
0
0
3
9
8
7

TRANSPOKTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

40. 2

40. 0

40. 1

40.5

39. 8

40. 3

40. 1

40. 2

39.9

40. 1

W H O L E S A L E A N D RETAIL T R A D E

34. 5

33. 2

33. 6

34. 1

33. 6

33. 5

33.5

33.4

33. 3

33. 3

39. 3
33. 0

38. 7
31. 6

39. 0
32. 1

39.0
32. 7

39. 1
32. 0

38. 9
31. 9

39.0
31.9

38. 7
31.9

38.9
31. 7

38. 8
31. 7

FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D
R E A L ESTATE

36. 7

36. 6

36. 6

36. 7

36. 6

36. 7

36.6

36. 7

36.6

36. 6

SERVICES

34. 0

33. 3

33. 5

33.9

33., 4

33. 5

33.5

33.5

33. 3 J

33. 3

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL T R A D E

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in contract construction: and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the totaj employment on private nonagricultural payrolls.
p=preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry

Industry

Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
July
1976

May
1977

June
1977

$4.86
4.88

$5.19
5.20

$5.21
5.22

$5.23
5.25

$177.88
176.17

MINING

6.39

6.81

6.84

6.81

272.85

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

7.68

7.91

7.95

7.97

T O T A L PRIVATE
Seasonally adjusted

MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec
Leather and leather products

July
1976

P

July
1977

p

May
1977

June _
1977 p

July
1977p

$ 187. 36' $ 1 8 9 . 6 4
188.96
188.76

$190.90
189.53

300.32

305.06

299.64

291.07

296.63

297.33

300.47

208.00

224.07

228.48

225.76

5.20

5.56

5.60

5.63

5.55

5.95

6. 00

6.00

224.78

243.95

249. 00

243.60

232.88
194.32
151.65
219.60
280.03
220.05
234.60
193.55
273.00
196.66
154.37

252.56
200.29
162.43
239.51
306.69
234.93
252.54
209.72
303.88
206.74
168.09

252.15
203.91
167.38
242.76
309.83
241. 70
257.69
214.37
310.18
209.20
169.38

245.78
203.81
164.01
242.53
303.69
235.48
254.62
210.01
299.17
209.96
165.46

5.75
4.81
3. 97
5.33
6.83
5.42
5.75
4.90
6.50
4.88
4.02

6.16
4.97
4.23
5.73
7.39
5.73
6. 10
5.23
7.10
5. 13
4.31

6.15
5.01
4.27
5.78
7.43
5.81
6. 15
5.28
7.18
5.14
4.31

6.16
5.07
4.26
5.83
7.48
5.80
6. 18
5.29
7. 14
5.21
4.32

4.69

4.99

5.03

5.09

183.85

196.11

199.69

200.04

5.29
5.83
3.90
3.61
5.87
6. 06
6.33
7.72
5. 12
3.64

5.33
5.81
4.03
3.58
5. 97
6. 07
6.41
7.76
5. 15
3.63

200.38
169.00
148.03
120.68
231.38
213.19
244.50
303.74
175.56
127.53

209. 62
212.60
156. 72
126. 38
247.66
225.75
262.29
327.59
207.56
135.40

212.13
224.46
159.51
130.32
253.00
228.46
265.86
331.19
211.46
138.68

213.73
214.39
162.01
127.45
253.73
228.84
266.02
337.56
207.03
134.67
279.05

4.96
5.00
3.71
3.39
5.47
5.67
5.92
7. 13
4.40
3.41

5.28
5.58
3.86
3.56
5.80
6.02
6.29
7.69
5.05
3.63

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

6.46

6.83

6. 85

6.89

259.69

273.20

274.69

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

3.96

4.25

4.26

4.27

136.62

141.10

143.14

145.61

5.17
3.54

5.52
3.80

5.51
3.81

5.55
3.82

203.18
116.82

213.62
120.08

214.89
122.30

216.45
124.91

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE

4.36

4.58

4.55

4.58

160.01

167.63

166.53

168.09

SERVICES

4.32

4.67

4.66

4.67

146.88

155.51

156.11

158.31

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

1

See footnote 1, table B-2.
p=preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

Table B-4.
Hourly earnings inde* for production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry division, seasonally adjusted
[1967=100]

Industry

Percent ctilange from

July

Feb.

Apr.
1977

July P

1977

Mar.
1977

June P

1976

1977

1977

1977

185.6
108.5
199.1
188.0
185.4
199.9
178.8
170.8
188.3

193.2
109.0
210.1
190.8
193.3
206.2
187.6
175.7
197.7

194.1
108.8
210.4
191.6
194.3
206.7
188.5
175.9
198.7

195.3
108.6
212.1
192.6
195.4
208.6
189.8
177.4
199.7

196.5
108.6
213.1
193.1
196.8
210.1
190.7
179.0
200.7

197.4
108.5
214.3
194.6
198.4
211.3
191.0
177.5
201.6

198.5
N.A.
215.1
195.6
199.5
211.7
192.4
179.5
202.3

May

July
July

19761977

June 1977July 1977

TOTAL PRIVATE NONFARM:
Current dollars
Constant (1967) dollars
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE . . . . . . .
SERVICES
1

0.5
(3)
.3
.5
.6
.2
.7
1.1
.4

6.9
(2)
8.0
4.0
7.6
5.9
7.6
5.1
7.4

See footnote 1, table B-2.

Percent change was 0 . 2 from June 1976 to June 1977,
3
Percent change was - 0 . 1 from May 1977 to June 1977,
N.A. = not available.
p-preliminary.

2

the latest month
the latest month

available.
available.

NOTE: All series are in current dollars except where indicated. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries.

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
[1967= 100]
1976
Industry division and group

TOTAL

July

Aug.

111., 8 111. 8

Sept.

1977

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June^

July P

112. 2

112., 2

112. 8

113. 3

112. 3

114. 2

115. 2

115.6

116. 1

115. 7

95. 7

95.9

96.. 0

97. 2

96. 9

95. 2

98. 3

100. 0

100. 9

101. 7

101. 8

101. 5

MINING

127., 7 115. 6

131. 7

131., 1 132. 6

134. 0

130. 7

134. 6

141. 5

142. 2

140. 2

141. 8

134. 6

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

103., 7

GOODS-PRODUCING

MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment and supplies ....
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ....
Miscellaneous manufacturing, Ind

96., 5

94. 2

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE

102. 5

99.4

104., 2

105. 7

104. 3

96. 4

105. 9

108. 1

112. 0

112. 7

111. 4

112. 4

93. 9

94. 0

93., 2

94. 5

94. 4

93. 8

95. 7

97. 1

97. 5

98. 5

98. 8

98. 5

92., 0
38., 5
99.4
102., 2
99. 7
86., 2
96.. 5
94. 0
92. 1
86., 1
107. 9
92. 0

93. 8
38. 5
100. 8
102. 8
100. 2
85. 7
98. 1
96. 7
93. 4
91.5
108. 5
92. 1

93. 6
39. 5
101. 9
103. 5
99. 1
85. 0
98. 1
96. 0
93. 1
90. 6
1 10. 4
91. 6

93.
39.
101.
98.
96.
84.
97.
95.
91.
93.
108.
93.

2
0
1
5
1
8
6
7
7
3
9
1

94.
39.
103.
102.
97.
85.
100.
97.
95.

96. 8
40. 8
104. 1
106. 0
104. 1
90. 0
101. 0
98. 3
96. 1
94. 8
111. 1
95. 1

98. 1
41. 3
104. 1
107. 4
104. 7
91. 1
103. 1
100. 5
97. 3
96. 2
112. 3
95. 0

98. 7
41. 1
104. 0
107. 7
105. 5
91. 0
104. 2
101. 2
98. 0
97. 0
113. 2
94. 1

98. 5
39. 9
106. 1
10.9. 0
105. 9
89. 7
103. 9
103. 3
97. 8
94. 2
113. 8
92. 2

95.2
96. 4
82. 1
95.2
86. 2
96.5
93. 1
100. 3
112. 2
124. 3
72. 1

95. 0
96. 2
83. 0
95. 0
85. 7
95. 7
93. 4
99. 4
112. 5
125. 6
71. 0

95.
96.
81.
95.
86.
97.
93.
100.
113.
125.
70.

95.
95.
81.
96.
86.
97.
93.
100.
114.
127.
70.

94. 7
95. 1
76. 1
95. 4
84. 1
96. 2
93. 0
100. 4
115. 0
127. 7
69. 1

97.
97.
83.
97.
88.
98.
94.
101.
114.
129.
71.

98.
98.
80.
99.
87.
100.
94.
103.
120.
134.
73.

98.
97.
77.
101.
89.
101.
95.
103.
120.
135.
73.

98.
97.
78.
100.
90.
100.
95.
104.
120.
133.
73.

98.
95.
75.
101.
89.
100.
95.
103.
123.
132.
74.

93., 5
93. 6
40. 0
39. 8
98. 6
97. 6
102. 3
101. 2
98. 6
99. 2
90. 1
89. 8
98. 0
98. 6
95. 9
95. 9
90. 5
92. 2
90. 3
90. 7
110. 3
108. 1
93. 1
91. 8

NONDURABLE GOODS
95. 2
Food and kindred products
97. 0
Tobacco manufactures
82. 3
Textile mill products
98. 0
Apparel and other textile products . . .
88. 9
Paper and allied products
96. 9
Printing and publishing
93. 6
Chemicals and allied products
99. 4
Petroleum and coal products
112. 2
Rubber and plastics products, nec . . . 106. 2
Leather and leather products
74. 7

115. 8

94.
96.
84.
95.
87.
96.
92.
99.
112.
105.
72.

2
5
0
5
6
1
9
8
4
2
5

93.
38.
98.
102.
98.
88.
98.
95.
91.
89.
107.
92.

2
6
2
4
9
8
6
9
5
1
2
2

4
6
6
6
1
0
6
0
1
7
4

5
5
6
1
3
2
7
0
7
6
5

8
1
0
7
1
5
0
7
5

91. 3
112. 4
96. 8
1
5
0
9
0
0
8
8
7
6
9

96.
38.
103.
105.
101.
88.
101.
98.
95.
96.
111.
96.

8
5
4
3
5
5
6
6
9
7
6
0

97. 6
97. 9
75. 5
99.
87.
98.
94.
102.
118.
131.
71.

5
9
3
3
2
7
7
9

5
8
7
7
3
8
9
5
5
7
9

9
2
2
1
4
0
4
7
2
8
9

9
3
6
3
7
4
2
0
5
9
7

5
5
1
5
9
0
6
8
4
7
1

122. 5

123. 0

123. 6

123. 5

123. 5

124. 6

124. 1

125. 3

125. 8

125. 8

126. 6

125. 3

125. 7

102. 1

102. 5

102. 9

102. 0

103. 2

105. 0

102. 7

104. 4

104. 2

103. 9

104. 4

103. 4

103. 9

118. 9

119. 0

119. 7

119. 3

118. 9

120. 0

119. 1

120. 7

121. 5

121. 7

121. 7

121. 0

121. 2

115. 3
120. 3

114. 7
120. 6

114. 9
121. 6

114. 8
121. 0

114. 8
120. 4

114. 8
122. 0

115. 4
120. 4

117. 0
122. 1

116. 9
123. 2

117. 8
123. 1

117. 3
123. 3

117. 3
122. 4

117.1
122. 8

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

126. 6

12 7. 3

127. 7

128. 3

129. 1

129. 8

130. 6

130. 2

131. 1

131. 0

131. 6

131. 5

131. 9

SERVICES

135. 4

136. 6

137. 2

137. 6

137. 7

138. 4

13 8. 8

139. 7

140. 0

140. 1

140. 2

139. 4

140. 2

WHOLESALE TRADE . ,
RETAIL TRADE

1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
p= preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

PRESSRELEASE

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased

Year and month

Over 1-month span

Over 3-month span

Over 6-month span

Over 12-month span

1974

58. 7
55. 8
48. 0

61.6
55. 2
54. 7

64. 8
56.4
54. 7

63. 1
59. 6
54. 9

'54. 7
54. 7
54. 4

52. 3
57. 0
50. 9

51. 5
50. 3
44. 5

50. 0
40. 1
28. 2

49. 1
42. 2
32. 6

44. 2
36. 0
35. 5

35. 8
32. 0
21. 8

26. 7
22. 1
20. 6

35. 5
19. 8
19. 8

26. 2
21. 8
12. 8

15. 7
16. 0
13. 7

18. 6
16.6
14. 0

16. 9
16. 9
27. 3

12. 5
14. 0
22. 7

13. 7
12. 8
18. 9

16. 3
17. 4
17. 2

44. 2
51. 2
39. 8

34. 6
43. 6
47. 7

29. 1
40. 7
59. 0

20. 3
25. 6
40. 1

57. 3
72.4
81.4

55. 5
75. 0
78. 8

63.4
66.6
72.4

50. 3
61.9
71. 5

64. 0
59. 6
69. 2

70. 6
69. 2
75. 0

78. 8
79.4
77. 6

75. 9
79. 1
81. 4

76.7
74. 4
77. 9

82. 0
84. 3
84. 9

82. 8
83. 1
77. 0

84. 6
82. 8
79. 4

77. 9
63. 4
47. 1

81. 1
70. 6
57. 0

77. 0
71. 5
70. 9

73. 5
79. 7
79. 4

52. 9
49. 1
68. 9

47. 4
65. 1
54. 9

55. 2

75. 3

55. 2
61. 9

74. 1
78. 2

39. 0
64. 2
68. 3

59. 9
53. 8
75. 9

70. 1
69. 8
76. 7

76. 5
75. 0
75. 9 p

76. 7
84. 6
86. 0

88.4
86. 6
84. 3 p

80. 5 p

March

71. 5
61. 6
79. 7

83. 7
74. 1 p
66. O p

82. 3 p

June

79. 1
68. 9
54. 7 p

July

72. l p

May

July

1975

May
June
July
August
Rpntpmhsr

fVtnhor
November
nprpmhpr
1976

January
February
March

May
June
July
August
September
October
November
Derflmher
1977

January
February

August
September
October
December

1

Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,

p = preliminary.