Full text of The Employment Situation : January 2000
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 00-34 Household data: (202) 691-6378 Transmission of material in this release is Establishment data: 691-6555 embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 691-5902 Friday, February 4, 2000. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: JANUARY 2000 Employment rose in January, and the unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 4.0 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 387,000. There were sharp increases in construction and in other weathersensitive industries, due, at least in part, to unseasonably mild weather during the survey reference period. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents in January and by 3.5 percent over the year. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons was unchanged in January at 5.7 million, and the unemployment rate was about unchanged at 4.0 percent. The jobless rate has been below 4.2 percent since October. Unemployment rates for the major worker groups--adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.7 percent), teenagers (12.6 percent), whites (3.4 percent), blacks (8.2 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)--showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The number of persons in the civilian labor force grew by 925,000 to 140.9 million in January, after adjustment for the effect of revisions to population controls. Total employment rose by roughly the same amount to 135.2 million. (See table A; also see the note on page 5.) The labor force participation rate increased 0.4 percentage point to 67.5 percent--a record high. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the population age 16 and older with jobs--rose from 64.4 percent in December to 64.8 percent in January, also a record. (See table A-1.) About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in January. These multiple jobholders represented 5.7 percent of the total employed, compared with 6.0 percent in January 1999. (See table A-10.) -----------------------------------------------------------Beginning in January 2000, household data reflect | revised population controls. Additional information on | the revisions appears on page 5. Also, this release | introduces a monthly seasonally adjusted series on persons| not in the labor force who currently want a job, which | appears in table A-1. Not seasonally adjusted series for | persons not in the labor force continue to appear in table| A-10. | ------------------------------------------------------------ | | | | | | | | - 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ____________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Dec.Category | 1999 | 1999 | 2000 | Jan. |_________________|_________________|________|change1/ | III | IV | Nov. | Dec. | Jan. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |_____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 139,394| 139,880| 139,834| 140,108| 140,910| 925 Employment.........| 133,526| 134,153| 134,098| 134,420| 135,221| 918 Unemployment.......| 5,868| 5,727| 5,736| 5,688| 5,689| 7 Not in labor force....| 68,650| 68,780| 68,832| 68,724| 67,872| -758 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | Unemployment rates |_____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.2| 4.1| 4.1| 4.1| 4.0| -0.1 Adult men...........| 3.5| 3.4| 3.3| 3.3| 3.3| .0 Adult women.........| 3.8| 3.6| 3.6| 3.6| 3.7| .1 Teenagers...........| 13.8| 13.8| 14.0| 13.8| 12.6| -1.2 White...............| 3.7| 3.5| 3.5| 3.5| 3.4| -.1 Black...............| 8.2| 8.1| 8.0| 7.9| 8.2| .3 Hispanic origin.....| 6.4| 6.1| 6.1| 5.9| 5.6| -.3 |________|________|________|________|________|________ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |_____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 128,936|p129,609| 129,589|p129,905|p130,292| p387 Goods-producing 2/..| 25,194| p25,243| 25,257| p25,275| p25,406| p131 Construction......| 6,270| p6,358| 6,369| p6,391| p6,507| p116 Manufacturing.....| 18,398| p18,357| 18,361| p18,355| p18,368| p13 Service-producing 2/| 103,743|p104,365| 104,332|p104,630|p104,886| p256 Retail trade......| 22,884| p22,925| 22,902| p22,981| p23,024| p43 Services..........| 39,172| p39,549| 39,554| p39,659| p39,811| p152 Government........| 20,194| p20,276| 20,269| p20,321| p20,356| p35 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | Hours of work 3/ |_____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.5| p34.5| 34.5| p34.5| p34.6| p0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.8| p41.7| 41.7| p41.6| p41.7| p.1 Overtime..........| 4.7| p4.7| 4.6| p4.7| p4.6| p-.1 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 3/ |_____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 148.3| p149.1| 149.2| p149.3| p150.2| p0.9 |________|________|________|________|________|________ | Earnings 3/ |_____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private......| $13.31| p$13.41| $13.40| p$13.44| p$13.50| p$0.06 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 458.64| p462.65| 462.30| p463.68| p467.10| p3.42 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|________ 1/ Changes for household data levels reflect an adjustment to remove the effect of revisions to population controls. See the note on page 5. 2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The number of persons who were marginally attached to the labor force in January totaled 1.2 million (not seasonally adjusted). These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They are not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for employment in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 234,000 in January, down from 339,000 a year earlier. These people, a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment increased by 387,000 in January to 130.3 million, seasonally adjusted. In January, large job gains in construction and services were accompanied by a small increase in manufacturing employment. (See table B-1.) In the goods-producing sector, construction employment rose by 116,000 in January, after seasonal adjustment. This increase reflects, in part, unseasonably mild weather across the country during the survey reference period. The gains within construction were widespread, but the largest were in those industries most influenced by the weather--heavy construction and the concrete, masonry, and roofing trades. Manufacturing added 13,000 jobs in January, following 2 months with almost no change. Factory employment had been on a clear downward trend from the spring of 1998 through mid-1999, but job losses moderated during the second half of 1999. In January, the largest employment increases within manufacturing occurred in electrical equipment and in motor vehicles (8,000 each). Several construction-related manufacturing industries, such as plywood, concrete, and fabricated structural metals, also had employment increases. Partially offsetting the job gains were continued declines in industrial machinery, aircraft, textiles, and apparel. Within the mining industry, employment in oil and gas extraction continued its recent slow improvement. Oil and gas extraction has added 9,000 jobs since August; it had lost 68,000 jobs from March 1998 to June 1999. In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry grew by 152,000 in January, above the average monthly gain for 1999 (121,000). In January, business services added 63,000 jobs. Within business services, computer and data processing services employment increased by 22,000, following 4 consecutive months of below-average gains. Agricultural services, including landscaping, posted a large job gain, perhaps reflecting the relatively mild weather during the survey reference period. Following a decline in December, employment in amusement and recreation services grew by 29,000. Health services and social services both experienced above-average gains in January, adding 23,000 and 21,000 jobs, respectively. Employment in hotels declined sharply over the month. Retail trade added 43,000 jobs in January. Job gains occurred in miscellaneous retail establishments (20,000), apparel and accessory stores (16,000), and automotive dealers and service stations (13,000), but there was a sizable employment decline in department stores (-33,000). Employment in wholesale trade rose by 19,000 over the month. - 4 Transportation and public utilities added 16,000 jobs in January, mainly in transportation. Job growth was above average in air transportation and in local and interurban transit. The federal government added 20,000 jobs over the month; temporary workers hired for the decennial census accounted for 11,000 jobs. Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate declined in January. Among the component industries, only securities brokerages and real estate added jobs over the month. Within finance, the largest decline was in mortgage brokerages (-7,000), where 23,000 jobs have been lost since May. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in January to 34.6 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek also was up by 0.1 hour to 41.7 hours. Manufacturing overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 4.6 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.6 percent to 150.2 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was up by 0.5 percent to 106.2. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 6 cents in January to $13.50, seasonally adjusted. Following gains of 13 cents in each of the first 2 quarters of 1999, average hourly earnings growth was 11 cents in the third quarter, and 9 cents in the fourth quarter (as revised). Over the month, average weekly earnings rose by 0.7 percent to $467.10, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings rose by 3.5 percent. (See table B-3.) __________________________ The Employment Situation for February 2000 is scheduled to be released on Friday, March 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). - 5 Revisions to Population Estimates for the Household Survey Effective with the release of data for January 2000, revised population controls, primarily reflecting updated information on immigration, have been introduced into the household survey. The revised controls resulted in a decrease in the estimated size of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and over. Official population and labor force estimates for December 1999 and earlier months will not be revised. To assess the impact of the revised population controls on trend growth, however, December estimates for selected data series were recalculated using the new controls, and the differences from estimates based on the old controls are shown below. The population revisions decreased the estimated size of the civilian labor force by 123,000 and of employment by 117,000; the revisions had a negligible impact on unemployment rates and other percentage estimates. An article describing the population revisions and their effect on national labor force estimates will appear in the February 2000 issue of Employment and Earnings. Effect of the revised population controls on December 1999 estimates, by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) -------------------------------------------------------------------------Category | Total | Men | Women| White| Black| Hispanic | | | | | | origin ----------------------------|-------|------|------|------|------|--------Civilian noninstitutional | | | | | | population................ | -217 | -84 | -134 | -116 | -39 | -26 Civilian labor force.....| -123 | -53 | -71 | -63 | -21 | -15 Employed...............| -117 | -50 | -67 | -59 | -20 | -13 Unemployed....... ....| -6 | -3 | -3 | -3 | -1 | -2 Unemployment rate.....| .0 | .0 | .0 | .0 | .0 | .0 -----------------------------------------------------------------------NOTE: Detail for men and women may not sum to totals because of rounding. Detail for the race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. - 5 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1999, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication individuals are counted only once, even if the establishment survey, employees working appearing on more than one payroll would be appearance. of individuals, because they hold more than one job. In at more than one job and thus counted separately for each Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or $40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-5886; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Jan. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 208,782 139,621 66.9 133,357 63.9 2,959 130,398 6,264 4.5 69,161 4,354 206,719 139,232 67.4 133,225 64.4 3,297 129,928 6,007 4.3 67,487 4,693 208,265 139,475 67.0 133,650 64.2 3,179 130,471 5,825 4.2 68,790 4,352 99,198 100,264 100,266 73,636 74,631 74,414 74.2 74.4 74.2 69,992 71,699 70,981 70.6 71.5 70.8 3,644 2,932 3,433 4.9 3.9 4.6 99,198 74,506 75.1 71,368 71.9 3,138 4.2 99,976 100,088 100,179 100,264 100,266 74,643 74,680 74,728 74,930 75,304 74.7 74.6 74.6 74.7 75.1 71,630 71,623 71,732 71,927 72,358 71.6 71.6 71.6 71.7 72.2 3,013 3,057 2,996 3,003 2,946 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 3.9 91,124 69,687 76.5 66,780 73.3 2,060 64,720 2,908 4.2 91,124 70,202 77.0 67,771 74.4 2,304 65,467 2,431 3.5 91,793 70,328 76.6 67,943 74.0 2,189 65,754 2,385 3.4 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Not in labor force.............................. Persons who currently want a job.............. 206,719 137,943 66.7 131,339 63.5 2,911 128,428 6,604 4.8 68,776 4,800 208,832 139,941 67.0 134,696 64.5 2,979 131,717 5,245 3.7 68,891 4,045 208,483 139,697 67.0 133,940 64.2 3,238 130,702 5,757 4.1 68,786 4,331 208,666 139,834 67.0 134,098 64.3 3,310 130,788 5,736 4.1 68,832 4,429 208,832 140,108 67.1 134,420 64.4 3,279 131,141 5,688 4.1 68,724 4,467 208,782 140,910 67.5 135,221 64.8 3,371 131,850 5,689 4.0 67,872 4,252 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 92,052 70,460 76.5 68,125 74.0 2,047 66,077 2,335 3.3 92,057 70,394 76.5 67,607 73.4 2,054 65,553 2,787 4.0 91,896 70,339 76.5 67,898 73.9 2,206 65,692 2,441 3.5 91,986 70,388 76.5 68,037 74.0 2,262 65,775 2,351 3.3 92,052 70,529 76.6 68,197 74.1 2,227 65,970 2,332 3.3 92,057 70,917 77.0 68,585 74.5 2,303 66,282 2,332 3.3 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 107,521 108,569 108,516 107,521 108,289 108,395 108,487 108,569 108,516 Civilian labor force............................ 64,307 65,309 65,208 64,726 64,832 65,017 65,106 65,178 65,606 Participation rate........................ 59.8 60.2 60.1 60.2 59.9 60.0 60.0 60.0 60.5 Employed...................................... 61,347 62,997 62,376 61,857 62,020 62,317 62,366 62,493 62,863 Employment-population ratio............... 57.1 58.0 57.5 57.5 57.3 57.5 57.5 57.6 57.9 Unemployed.................................... 2,960 2,313 2,832 2,869 2,812 2,700 2,740 2,685 2,743 Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 3.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.2 4.1 4.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 99,686 100,666 100,579 60,547 61,426 61,455 60.7 61.0 61.1 58,100 59,491 59,030 58.3 59.1 58.7 729 740 752 57,370 58,751 58,278 2,447 1,935 2,425 4.0 3.1 3.9 99,686 100,385 100,458 100,573 100,666 100,579 60,691 60,860 60,955 61,052 61,154 61,576 60.9 60.6 60.7 60.7 60.7 61.2 58,373 58,630 58,800 58,838 58,958 59,280 58.6 58.4 58.5 58.5 58.6 58.9 802 778 800 768 791 826 57,571 57,852 58,000 58,070 58,167 58,454 2,318 2,230 2,155 2,214 2,196 2,297 3.8 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 15,909 7,709 48.5 6,460 40.6 122 6,338 1,249 16.2 15,909 8,339 52.4 7,081 44.5 191 6,890 1,258 15.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 16,114 8,056 50.0 7,081 43.9 193 6,888 975 12.1 16,147 7,772 48.1 6,720 41.6 153 6,566 1,052 13.5 16,086 8,287 51.5 7,077 44.0 212 6,865 1,210 14.6 16,129 8,403 52.1 7,242 44.9 232 7,010 1,161 13.8 16,107 8,394 52.1 7,223 44.8 280 6,943 1,171 14.0 16,114 8,425 52.3 7,265 45.1 261 7,004 1,160 13.8 16,147 8,416 52.1 7,356 45.6 242 7,114 1,060 12.6 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Jan. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 172,394 173,821 173,812 172,394 173,432 173,585 173,709 173,821 173,812 Civilian labor force............................ 115,425 116,896 116,756 116,356 116,495 116,654 116,703 117,008 117,716 Participation rate.......................... 67.0 67.3 67.2 67.5 67.2 67.2 67.2 67.3 67.7 Employed...................................... 110,414 113,116 112,160 111,978 112,303 112,548 112,611 112,951 113,704 Employment-population ratio................. 64.0 65.1 64.5 65.0 64.8 64.8 64.8 65.0 65.4 Unemployed.................................... 5,011 3,781 4,596 4,378 4,192 4,106 4,092 4,057 4,011 Unemployment rate........................... 4.3 3.2 3.9 3.8 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 59,306 76.9 57,051 74.0 2,254 3.8 59,843 76.9 58,140 74.7 1,703 2.8 59,795 76.8 57,726 74.2 2,069 3.5 59,651 77.4 57,811 75.0 1,840 3.1 59,841 77.1 58,102 74.9 1,739 2.9 59,777 77.0 58,043 74.7 1,734 2.9 59,761 76.9 58,067 74.7 1,694 2.8 59,889 77.0 58,221 74.8 1,668 2.8 60,179 77.3 58,487 75.2 1,693 2.8 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 49,594 60.0 47,773 57.8 1,821 3.7 50,277 60.4 48,930 58.8 1,347 2.7 50,327 60.4 48,613 58.4 1,714 3.4 49,683 60.1 48,037 58.1 1,646 3.3 49,593 59.7 48,010 57.8 1,583 3.2 49,733 59.8 48,203 58.0 1,530 3.1 49,814 59.9 48,273 58.0 1,541 3.1 50,011 60.1 48,486 58.2 1,525 3.0 50,404 60.5 48,857 58.7 1,547 3.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... 6,526 51.7 5,590 44.3 935 14.3 16.2 12.4 6,776 53.2 6,046 47.5 730 10.8 12.8 8.6 6,634 52.1 5,820 45.7 814 12.3 14.7 9.7 7,022 55.6 6,130 48.6 892 12.7 13.8 11.5 7,061 55.4 6,191 48.6 870 12.3 12.7 11.9 7,144 56.1 6,302 49.5 842 11.8 11.9 11.7 7,128 56.0 6,271 49.2 857 12.0 12.8 11.2 7,108 55.8 6,244 49.0 864 12.2 13.3 10.9 7,132 56.0 6,360 50.0 772 10.8 12.4 9.1 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 24,665 16,101 65.3 14,835 60.1 1,267 7.9 25,051 16,488 65.8 15,302 61.1 1,186 7.2 25,047 16,392 65.4 15,033 60.0 1,359 8.3 24,665 16,337 66.2 15,056 61.0 1,281 7.8 24,946 16,474 66.0 15,114 60.6 1,360 8.3 24,985 16,489 66.0 15,124 60.5 1,365 8.3 25,019 16,508 66.0 15,187 60.7 1,321 8.0 25,051 16,513 65.9 15,204 60.7 1,309 7.9 25,047 16,622 66.4 15,254 60.9 1,368 8.2 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 7,098 72.1 6,619 67.3 479 6.8 7,257 72.4 6,758 67.5 499 6.9 7,285 72.7 6,688 66.7 597 8.2 7,208 73.3 6,769 68.8 439 6.1 7,205 72.3 6,696 67.2 509 7.1 7,281 72.9 6,717 67.3 564 7.7 7,277 72.8 6,767 67.7 510 7.0 7,273 72.6 6,766 67.5 507 7.0 7,386 73.7 6,839 68.2 547 7.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 8,087 65.4 7,556 61.2 530 6.6 8,293 66.1 7,807 62.2 486 5.9 8,286 66.0 7,707 61.4 578 7.0 8,110 65.6 7,563 61.2 547 6.7 8,316 66.5 7,759 62.1 557 6.7 8,252 65.9 7,745 61.9 507 6.1 8,305 66.3 7,757 61.9 548 6.6 8,260 65.8 7,706 61.4 554 6.7 8,315 66.3 7,715 61.5 600 7.2 917 37.1 660 26.7 257 28.1 35.6 20.6 938 37.8 737 29.7 201 21.4 25.2 17.6 822 33.2 638 25.7 184 22.4 25.5 19.3 1,019 41.3 724 29.3 295 28.9 33.3 24.5 953 38.4 659 26.5 294 30.8 30.3 31.4 956 38.5 662 26.7 294 30.8 35.3 26.1 926 37.3 663 26.7 263 28.4 31.0 25.9 980 39.5 732 29.5 248 25.3 27.5 23.0 921 37.2 701 28.3 220 23.9 24.0 23.8 21,296 14,358 67.4 13,293 62.4 1,065 7.4 22,008 14,965 68.0 14,112 64.1 853 5.7 22,047 15,142 68.7 14,208 64.4 934 6.2 21,296 14,448 67.8 13,473 63.3 975 6.7 21,820 14,766 67.7 13,795 63.2 971 6.6 21,881 14,809 67.7 13,879 63.4 930 6.3 21,947 14,887 67.8 13,979 63.7 908 6.1 22,008 14,984 68.1 14,095 64.0 889 5.9 22,047 15,251 69.2 14,395 65.3 856 5.6 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Jan. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 28,901 12,463 43.1 11,391 39.4 1,073 8.6 28,144 11,963 42.5 11,236 39.9 727 6.1 27,995 12,013 42.9 11,061 39.5 951 7.9 28,901 12,339 42.7 11,447 39.6 892 7.2 28,583 12,151 42.5 11,327 39.6 824 6.8 28,246 12,201 43.2 11,401 40.4 800 6.6 28,228 12,132 43.0 11,347 40.2 785 6.5 28,144 11,956 42.5 11,243 39.9 713 6.0 27,995 11,895 42.5 11,106 39.7 789 6.6 57,477 37,472 65.2 35,928 62.5 1,545 4.1 57,590 37,534 65.2 36,248 62.9 1,286 3.4 57,768 37,676 65.2 36,160 62.6 1,516 4.0 57,477 37,441 65.1 36,112 62.8 1,329 3.5 57,518 37,188 64.7 35,879 62.4 1,309 3.5 57,275 37,080 64.7 35,874 62.6 1,206 3.3 57,789 37,671 65.2 36,445 63.1 1,226 3.3 57,590 37,362 64.9 36,071 62.6 1,291 3.5 57,768 37,617 65.1 36,305 62.8 1,311 3.5 43,154 31,990 74.1 30,966 71.8 1,023 3.2 44,069 32,544 73.8 31,788 72.1 756 2.3 43,689 32,106 73.5 31,185 71.4 921 2.9 43,154 32,273 74.8 31,347 72.6 926 2.9 42,955 32,140 74.8 31,269 72.8 871 2.7 43,787 32,203 73.5 31,330 71.6 873 2.7 44,070 32,312 73.3 31,444 71.3 868 2.7 44,069 32,404 73.5 31,586 71.7 818 2.5 43,689 32,397 74.2 31,564 72.2 833 2.6 43,516 34,914 80.2 34,257 78.7 657 1.9 44,821 35,852 80.0 35,287 78.7 565 1.6 45,058 36,087 80.1 35,398 78.6 689 1.9 43,516 35,023 80.5 34,389 79.0 634 1.8 45,081 35,722 79.2 35,112 77.9 610 1.7 44,986 35,721 79.4 35,106 78.0 615 1.7 44,365 35,264 79.5 34,655 78.1 609 1.7 44,821 35,824 79.9 35,186 78.5 638 1.8 45,058 36,205 80.4 35,540 78.9 665 1.8 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... 1 and 2 3 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted seasonally adjusted columns. Includes high school diploma or equivalent. Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Jan. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 131,339 134,696 133,357 133,225 133,650 133,940 134,098 134,420 135,221 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,107 43,531 43,644 43,440 43,367 43,206 43,273 43,283 43,951 Married women, spouse present................... 33,416 34,221 34,064 33,526 33,275 33,521 33,635 33,762 34,166 Women who maintain families..................... 7,947 8,302 8,211 8,089 8,312 8,398 8,526 8,375 8,362 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... Technical, sales, and administrative support.... Service occupations............................. Precision production, craft, and repair......... Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 39,754 38,419 17,690 14,471 18,109 2,895 41,038 39,560 17,582 14,988 18,546 2,981 40,780 39,257 17,829 14,435 18,057 2,999 39,893 38,762 18,029 14,663 18,444 3,440 40,784 38,634 17,876 14,659 18,227 3,365 40,718 39,023 17,694 14,836 18,340 3,365 40,363 39,283 17,633 14,903 18,476 3,407 40,800 39,311 17,706 14,940 18,299 3,367 40,924 39,614 18,155 14,610 18,385 3,574 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 1,703 1,822 1,755 1,962 1,930 1,936 2,049 2,018 2,024 Self-employed workers......................... 1,181 1,127 1,172 1,324 1,198 1,267 1,216 1,211 1,320 Unpaid family workers......................... 27 31 32 31 40 42 41 36 38 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 119,627 123,053 121,652 120,777 121,583 121,654 121,965 122,426 122,823 Government.................................. 19,121 19,169 19,317 18,829 19,080 18,817 18,902 18,959 19,013 Private industries.......................... 100,505 103,885 102,335 101,948 102,503 102,837 103,063 103,467 103,810 Private households........................ 850 972 905 895 1,035 939 944 948 952 Other industries.......................... 99,655 102,912 101,430 101,053 101,468 101,898 102,119 102,519 102,858 Self-employed workers......................... 8,680 8,566 8,643 8,840 8,791 8,833 8,686 8,662 8,802 Unpaid family workers......................... 121 97 102 110 100 101 108 98 92 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 3,815 2,428 1,056 18,836 3,332 2,017 974 19,662 3,535 2,250 953 19,153 3,489 2,051 1,122 18,589 3,283 1,922 1,073 18,801 3,179 1,928 993 18,799 3,274 1,930 1,032 18,651 3,320 1,951 1,025 18,618 3,219 1,893 1,012 18,889 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 3,645 2,305 1,040 18,352 3,129 1,891 964 19,143 3,355 2,140 935 18,677 3,341 1,948 1,099 18,033 3,112 1,806 1,063 18,273 2,983 1,807 964 18,249 3,105 1,815 1,013 18,083 3,157 1,843 1,018 18,061 3,066 1,801 986 18,347 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Category Jan. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Total, 16 years and over......................... Men, 20 years and over......................... Women, 20 years and over....................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 6,007 2,431 2,318 1,258 5,688 2,332 2,196 1,160 5,689 2,332 2,297 1,060 4.3 3.5 3.8 15.1 4.2 3.4 3.7 14.6 4.1 3.5 3.5 13.8 4.1 3.3 3.6 14.0 4.1 3.3 3.6 13.8 4.0 3.3 3.7 12.6 Married men, spouse present.................... Married women, spouse present.................. Women who maintain families.................... 1,008 974 542 969 872 556 891 925 554 2.3 2.8 6.3 2.2 2.6 6.4 2.2 2.5 6.0 2.1 2.5 6.0 2.2 2.5 6.2 2.0 2.6 6.2 Full-time workers.............................. Part-time workers.............................. 4,718 1,266 4,540 1,175 4,554 1,112 4.1 5.2 4.0 5.0 4.0 4.7 3.9 4.9 3.9 4.9 3.9 4.6 754 1,505 552 1,173 277 719 1,464 624 1,198 208 767 1,382 565 1,198 178 1.9 3.7 3.6 6.0 7.5 1.8 3.5 3.9 6.4 5.3 1.8 3.5 4.0 6.3 5.8 1.8 3.6 3.7 6.2 6.7 1.7 3.6 4.0 6.1 5.8 1.8 3.4 3.7 6.1 4.7 4,603 1,300 37 530 733 422 311 3,303 202 1,451 199 1,451 427 197 4,478 1,274 22 526 726 449 277 3,204 234 1,438 173 1,359 414 155 4,575 1,162 14 494 654 344 311 3,413 284 1,427 201 1,501 402 106 4.3 4.6 6.3 7.3 3.5 3.3 3.9 4.2 2.6 5.3 2.4 4.2 2.2 9.1 4.3 4.8 6.7 6.9 3.9 4.0 3.9 4.1 2.8 5.2 2.3 4.1 2.0 5.7 4.2 4.5 5.0 6.7 3.7 3.5 4.0 4.1 3.1 4.9 2.3 4.0 2.1 7.7 4.2 4.2 4.6 5.7 3.7 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.3 5.3 2.3 3.9 2.0 8.3 4.1 4.4 4.1 6.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 4.0 3.0 5.2 2.1 3.8 2.1 7.1 4.2 4.1 2.6 6.4 3.2 2.8 3.9 4.3 3.7 5.1 2.5 4.2 2.1 5.0 CHARACTERISTIC OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... Technical, sales, and administrative support... Precision production, craft, and repair........ Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... Farming, forestry, and fishing................. INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Goods-producing industries................... Mining..................................... Construction............................... Manufacturing.............................. Durable goods............................ Nondurable goods......................... Service-producing industries................. Transportation and public utilities........ Wholesale and retail trade................. Finance, insurance, and real estate........ Services................................... Government workers............................. Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 1 Unemployment as a percent of the 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment is small relative to the trend-cycle NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, civilian labor force. data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Jan. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Less than 5 weeks................................ 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 15 weeks and over................................ 15 to 26 weeks................................ 27 weeks and over............................. 2,930 2,133 1,541 775 766 2,348 1,615 1,281 621 661 2,985 1,865 1,414 656 758 2,397 2,012 1,491 776 715 2,582 1,805 1,412 708 704 2,545 1,811 1,434 719 715 2,601 1,760 1,401 725 676 2,620 1,694 1,388 693 695 2,447 1,754 1,372 667 705 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ Median duration, in weeks........................ 12.9 6.5 13.0 5.8 12.5 5.4 13.5 6.8 13.0 5.9 13.2 6.3 13.0 6.2 12.8 5.9 13.2 5.7 100.0 44.4 32.3 23.3 11.7 11.6 100.0 44.8 30.8 24.4 11.8 12.6 100.0 47.7 29.8 22.6 10.5 12.1 100.0 40.6 34.1 25.3 13.2 12.1 100.0 44.5 31.1 24.3 12.2 12.1 100.0 44.0 31.3 24.8 12.4 12.3 100.0 45.1 30.5 24.3 12.6 11.7 100.0 45.9 29.7 24.3 12.2 12.2 100.0 43.9 31.5 24.6 12.0 12.7 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. Less than 5 weeks.............................. 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 15 weeks and over.............................. 15 to 26 weeks............................... 27 weeks and over............................ NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Jan. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 3,394 1,364 2,030 1,376 655 721 2,027 462 2,451 859 1,592 1,073 519 718 1,745 330 3,102 1,165 1,937 1,226 711 765 2,062 336 2,708 863 1,845 (1) (1) 729 2,009 519 2,573 869 1,704 (1) (1) 758 1,967 504 2,518 802 1,716 (1) (1) 778 1,958 511 2,493 851 1,642 (1) (1) 821 1,935 485 2,401 795 1,606 (1) (1) 825 2,036 453 2,477 739 1,739 (1) (1) 776 2,043 393 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 51.4 20.7 30.7 10.9 30.7 7.0 46.7 16.4 30.4 13.7 33.3 6.3 49.5 18.6 30.9 12.2 32.9 5.4 45.4 14.5 30.9 12.2 33.7 8.7 44.3 15.0 29.4 13.1 33.9 8.7 43.7 13.9 29.8 13.5 34.0 8.9 43.5 14.8 28.6 14.3 33.7 8.5 42.0 13.9 28.1 14.4 35.6 7.9 43.5 13.0 30.6 13.6 35.9 6.9 2.5 .5 1.5 .3 1.8 .5 1.2 .2 2.2 .5 1.5 .2 1.9 .5 1.4 .4 1.8 .5 1.4 .4 1.8 .6 1.4 .4 1.8 .6 1.4 .3 1.7 .6 1.5 .3 1.8 .6 1.4 .3 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................. Not on temporary layoff......................... Permanent job losers.......................... Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... Job leavers....................................... Reentrants........................................ New entrants...................................... PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................ Not on temporary layoff........................ Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Jan. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 .9 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 2.5 1.8 2.2 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.8 1.7 1.8 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.8 3.7 4.5 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.0 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 5.0 3.9 4.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.7 4.5 5.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 8.5 6.9 7.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Age and sex Jan. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999 Jan. 2000 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years.................................. 16 to 19 years................................ 16 to 17 years.............................. 18 to 19 years.............................. 20 to 24 years................................ 25 years and over............................... 25 to 54 years................................ 55 years and over............................. 6,007 2,239 1,258 599 643 981 3,767 3,278 503 5,688 2,209 1,160 553 612 1,049 3,479 2,987 477 5,689 2,119 1,060 465 577 1,059 3,578 3,089 494 4.3 10.1 15.1 17.9 12.9 7.1 3.2 3.3 2.9 4.2 10.0 14.6 16.1 13.8 7.2 3.1 3.2 2.6 4.1 10.0 13.8 15.9 12.4 7.7 3.0 3.1 2.7 4.1 10.0 14.0 16.5 12.3 7.7 3.0 3.1 2.6 4.1 9.8 13.8 16.5 12.1 7.4 3.0 3.0 2.7 4.0 9.3 12.6 14.0 11.4 7.4 3.0 3.1 2.8 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 3,138 1,232 707 339 365 525 1,910 1,644 271 3,003 1,252 671 311 356 581 1,757 1,493 246 2,946 1,150 613 246 364 537 1,800 1,552 248 4.2 10.7 16.4 19.3 14.3 7.3 3.0 3.1 2.8 4.0 9.9 14.6 16.6 13.2 7.2 3.0 3.0 2.9 4.1 10.4 14.2 15.5 13.2 8.2 2.9 3.0 2.8 4.0 10.2 14.9 16.9 13.6 7.5 2.8 2.9 2.6 4.0 10.6 15.2 17.7 13.5 7.8 2.8 2.8 2.5 3.9 9.7 14.0 14.3 13.7 7.2 2.8 2.9 2.5 Women, 16 years and over........................ 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 2,869 1,007 551 260 278 456 1,857 1,634 232 2,685 957 489 242 256 468 1,722 1,494 231 2,743 969 447 219 213 522 1,778 1,537 245 4.4 9.5 13.7 16.3 11.5 7.0 3.4 3.5 3.0 4.3 10.0 14.7 15.6 14.5 7.2 3.2 3.4 2.1 4.2 9.6 13.4 16.3 11.4 7.2 3.1 3.2 2.5 4.2 9.8 13.0 16.1 10.8 7.9 3.1 3.3 2.6 4.1 8.9 12.2 15.1 10.5 7.0 3.2 3.2 2.9 4.2 8.9 11.1 13.7 8.9 7.6 3.2 3.3 3.1 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Jan. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Jan. 2000 Jan. 1999 Jan. 2000 68,776 4,800 1,358 69,161 4,354 1,197 25,562 1,910 635 25,852 1,832 597 43,214 2,890 723 43,308 2,522 600 339 1,019 234 963 206 428 148 449 133 590 86 514 Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... Percent of total employed..................................... 7,897 6.0 7,637 5.7 4,143 5.9 4,076 5.7 3,754 6.1 3,560 5.7 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 4,342 1,597 326 1,614 4,278 1,639 245 1,446 2,518 496 186 928 2,465 571 165 858 1,824 1,101 140 686 1,813 1,068 80 589 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... Persons who currently want a job................................ Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Jan. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999p Jan. 2000p Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999p Jan. 2000p Total......................... 125,291 130,627 130,729 128,136 127,378 129,048 129,332 129,589 129,905 130,292 Total private.................... 105,379 109,918 110,052 107,863 107,386 108,830 109,095 109,320 109,584 109,936 Goods-producing......................... 24,714 25,423 25,190 24,808 25,315 25,186 25,198 25,257 25,275 25,406 Mining................................ Metal mining........................ Coal mining......................... Oil and gas extraction.............. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 547 49.4 88.7 309.3 100.0 531 48.5 82.3 290.2 109.8 530 48.3 82.5 293.1 105.7 521 48.1 80.6 292.9 99.2 560 50 89 312 109 527 48 83 287 109 528 48 82 289 109 527 49 82 288 108 529 48 82 291 108 531 49 81 294 107 Construction.......................... 5,695 6,489 6,290 6,021 General building contractors........ 1,348.8 1,464.8 1,443.8 1,407.6 Heavy construction, except building. 728.2 900.3 832.6 759.5 Special trade contractors........... 3,617.6 4,124.1 4,013.2 3,854.1 6,170 1,410 871 3,889 6,293 1,440 857 3,996 6,314 1,445 861 4,008 6,369 1,450 870 4,049 6,391 1,454 879 4,058 6,507 1,471 899 4,137 Manufacturing......................... Production workers................ 18,472 12,679 18,403 12,653 18,370 12,625 18,266 12,540 18,585 12,773 18,366 12,617 18,356 12,608 18,361 12,613 18,355 12,608 18,368 12,628 Durable goods........................ Production workers................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Computer and office equipment..... Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Electronic components and accessories.................... Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Aircraft and parts................ Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 10,998 7,505 812.0 534.2 547.9 696.0 10,976 7,507 832.1 544.7 574.8 688.2 10,974 7,507 828.2 544.9 567.1 689.2 10,926 7,468 820.9 543.2 555.1 686.6 11,050 7,548 826 534 569 696 10,959 7,496 827 544 569 685 10,952 7,489 829 546 568 685 10,954 7,487 829 544 571 686 10,954 7,482 829 543 573 686 10,964 7,503 830 542 574 685 223.7 222.0 222.2 221.9 1,494.1 1,492.8 1,495.1 1,490.3 2,147.2 2,114.2 2,117.4 2,115.0 361.9 358.1 357.5 354.8 (1) 1,495 2,148 362 (1) 1,486 2,117 358 (1) 1,487 2,116 358 (1) 1,489 2,118 358 (1) 1,490 2,117 359 (1) 1,489 2,114 356 1,661.3 1,665.5 1,670.8 1,668.7 1,663 1,662 1,665 1,661 1,663 1,671 635.8 641.6 645.5 645.7 1,877.5 1,839.2 1,841.3 1,832.3 992.1 1,005.3 1,009.8 1,004.4 516.8 469.4 466.4 462.2 848.7 831.8 831.5 829.1 379.2 392.9 388.1 385.1 637 1,884 996 517 849 386 640 1,848 1,006 476 833 388 643 1,838 1,001 471 830 388 643 1,834 1,000 467 833 389 645 1,831 1,001 464 832 390 646 1,837 1,009 461 831 391 7,474 5,174 1,665.0 42.7 577.3 709.6 662.4 1,557.9 1,035.2 134.1 1,012.8 76.9 7,535 5,225 1,699 40 579 718 664 1,561 1,041 139 1,016 78 7,407 5,121 1,679 38 553 669 657 1,552 1,033 137 1,017 72 7,404 5,119 1,680 38 551 666 655 1,552 1,033 136 1,021 72 7,407 5,126 1,686 39 553 663 655 1,549 1,033 136 1,022 71 7,401 5,126 1,689 38 551 659 655 1,548 1,030 135 1,025 71 7,404 5,125 1,693 39 548 656 655 1,548 1,034 137 1,023 71 Nondurable goods..................... Production workers................ Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 7,427 5,146 1,694.2 40.9 553.8 665.4 655.3 1,554.2 1,032.0 137.0 1,021.8 72.2 7,396 5,118 1,676.8 41.9 551.0 656.2 655.0 1,556.6 1,031.1 133.5 1,023.0 71.2 7,340 5,072 1,655.0 41.4 545.4 647.9 653.1 1,545.5 1,029.2 131.9 1,019.9 70.4 Service-producing....................... 100,577 105,204 105,539 103,328 102,063 103,862 104,134 104,332 104,630 104,886 Transportation and public utilities... 6,646 6,908 6,948 6,839 Transportation...................... 4,306 4,521 4,562 4,453 Railroad transportation........... 230.7 226.5 226.3 224.6 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 483.2 503.0 502.6 498.9 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,746.5 1,851.4 1,843.6 1,807.0 Water transportation.............. 173.3 178.4 176.3 170.9 Transportation by air............. 1,198.9 1,276.8 1,327.7 1,269.0 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.7 12.9 13.1 13.2 Transportation services........... 459.8 472.2 472.6 468.9 Communications and public utilities. 2,340 2,387 2,386 2,386 Communications.................... 1,494.6 1,547.3 1,547.7 1,550.8 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 845.2 839.9 838.7 835.3 6,708 4,356 233 6,831 4,455 227 6,841 4,458 227 6,862 4,474 226 6,896 4,506 227 6,912 4,519 228 474 1,786 182 1,204 14 463 2,352 1,502 486 1,825 182 1,250 13 472 2,376 1,533 486 1,828 182 1,251 13 471 2,383 1,541 487 1,839 180 1,257 13 472 2,388 1,546 486 1,846 182 1,278 13 474 2,390 1,550 491 1,850 179 1,287 13 471 2,393 1,553 850 843 842 842 840 840 7,046 4,185 2,861 22,632 6,924 4,088 2,836 22,556 7,041 4,172 2,869 22,862 7,064 4,188 2,876 22,891 7,070 4,194 2,876 22,902 7,086 4,203 2,883 22,981 7,105 4,209 2,896 23,024 918.4 995.1 989.7 959.3 2,782.8 2,970.2 3,097.8 2,788.7 2,475.3 2,647.9 2,756.3 2,472.2 3,465.3 3,514.2 3,545.3 3,465.7 972 2,773 2,470 3,481 992 2,762 2,460 3,478 1,001 2,756 2,455 3,481 1,004 2,753 2,450 3,480 1,005 2,795 2,481 3,483 1,010 2,778 2,448 3,482 2,346.7 2,421.1 2,418.7 2,410.6 1,054.5 1,095.6 1,093.4 1,093.0 1,156.0 1,251.5 1,304.9 1,212.9 2,377 1,061 1,152 2,415 1,091 1,189 2,420 1,092 1,200 2,424 1,096 1,198 2,431 1,097 1,187 2,444 1,100 1,203 1,063.8 1,118.5 1,146.3 1,113.4 7,506.8 7,868.8 7,917.8 7,656.7 2,915.6 3,118.7 3,208.6 3,024.4 1,055 7,843 2,903 1,097 7,932 2,997 1,099 7,925 3,009 1,095 7,943 3,005 1,101 7,982 2,997 1,104 7,986 3,017 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,514 7,652 7,667 7,616 Finance............................. 3,669 3,715 3,727 3,707 Depository institutions........... 2,047.6 2,038.2 2,041.9 2,036.2 Commercial banks................ 1,468.4 1,456.8 1,460.2 1,455.1 Savings institutions............ 257.4 252.5 252.0 249.6 Nondepository institutions........ 704.2 708.3 711.3 701.6 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 359.9 355.3 355.0 347.8 Security and commodity brokers.... 660.5 697.3 701.8 702.6 Holding and other investment offices........................ 256.4 271.5 271.8 266.8 Insurance........................... 2,378 2,411 2,418 2,401 Insurance carriers................ 1,623.9 1,636.8 1,640.0 1,628.1 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 754.1 774.4 778.4 773.2 Real estate......................... 1,467 1,526 1,522 1,508 7,570 3,675 2,049 1,469 258 705 362 663 7,653 3,715 2,047 1,466 255 713 361 686 7,668 3,719 2,047 1,464 254 711 358 691 7,675 3,723 2,044 1,460 254 711 357 697 7,687 3,728 2,040 1,459 252 714 358 703 7,678 3,719 2,039 1,457 250 705 351 705 258 2,383 1,627 269 2,410 1,637 270 2,414 1,641 271 2,411 1,636 271 2,416 1,639 270 2,404 1,630 756 1,512 773 1,528 773 1,535 775 1,541 777 1,543 774 1,555 38,313 747 1,785 1,205 8,869 971 3,308 2,933 39,257 763 1,811 1,210 9,204 1,000 3,440 3,032 39,433 766 1,806 1,210 9,303 1,003 3,490 3,099 39,554 774 1,812 1,214 9,336 1,003 3,501 3,097 39,659 766 1,809 1,224 9,390 999 3,518 3,111 39,811 787 1,794 1,234 9,453 1,003 3,528 3,121 Wholesale trade....................... Durable goods....................... Nondurable goods.................... Retail trade.......................... Building materials and garden supplies......................... General merchandise stores.......... Department stores................. Food stores......................... Automotive dealers and service stations......................... New and used car dealers.......... Apparel and accessory stores........ Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... Eating and drinking places.......... Miscellaneous retail establishments. Services2............................. Agricultural services............... Hotels and other lodging places..... Personal services................... Business services................... Services to buildings............. Personnel supply services......... Help supply services............ 6,868 4,065 2,803 22,155 37,482 633.7 1,679.7 1,250.0 8,642.5 956.7 3,117.4 2,755.7 7,084 4,193 2,891 23,258 39,593 774.6 1,742.0 1,184.4 9,471.5 1,004.6 3,616.1 3,205.2 7,080 4,200 2,880 23,629 39,538 718.5 1,730.4 1,201.2 9,467.5 997.9 3,610.7 3,196.9 38,922 665.2 1,693.8 1,278.3 9,220.6 989.8 3,371.8 2,980.4 Computer and data processing services....................... Auto repair, services, and parking.. Miscellaneous repair services....... Motion pictures..................... Amusement and recreation services... Health services..................... Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ Nursing and personal care facilities..................... Hospitals......................... Home health care services......... Legal services...................... Educational services................ Social services..................... Child day care services........... Residential care.................. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... Membership organizations............ Engineering and management services. Engineering and architectural services....................... Management and public relations... Services, nec....................... Government............................ Federal............................. Federal, except Postal Service.... State............................... Education......................... Other State government............ Local............................... Education......................... Other local government............ 1,709.3 1,155.2 387.4 570.1 1,417.5 9,876.4 1,857.1 1,184.3 398.7 605.6 1,495.7 10029.8 1,708 1,168 392 573 1,653 9,905 1,814 1,190 398 608 1,713 9,999 1,823 1,196 400 612 1,730 10,009 1,836.5 1,885.3 1,889.6 1,888.1 1,840 1,876 1,880 1,885 1,886 1,892 1,751.0 3,945.6 640.3 983.7 2,167.9 2,701.8 627.8 760.2 1,755.8 3,985.9 652.9 1,010.6 2,234.2 2,847.9 659.1 797.0 1,756 3,954 645 989 2,218 2,721 621 765 1,756 3,977 657 1,007 2,289 2,803 631 788 1,756 3,978 658 1,009 2,288 2,817 634 792 1,756 3,978 658 1,012 2,298 2,840 646 796 1,759 3,984 661 1,015 2,304 2,851 649 802 1,762 3,993 660 1,018 2,287 2,872 656 803 86.0 93.3 93.2 87.0 2,347.0 2,395.1 2,404.4 2,379.7 3,291.0 3,483.9 3,503.0 3,493.8 94 2,385 3,316 94 2,408 3,464 95 2,409 3,487 96 2,411 3,496 95 2,418 3,520 95 2,418 3,526 915.5 958.1 959.6 960.2 1,089.1 1,196.7 1,212.3 1,203.3 54.7 58.1 58.5 59.1 926 1,103 (1) 948 1,180 (1) 954 1,193 (1) 959 1,196 (1) 965 1,218 (1) 973 1,221 (1) 19,992 2,702 1,822 4,644 1,920 2,724 12,646 7,165 5,481 20,218 2,654 1,785 4,717 1,965 2,752 12,847 7,295 5,552 20,237 2,643 1,780 4,722 1,960 2,762 12,872 7,305 5,567 20,269 2,648 1,780 4,729 1,967 2,762 12,892 7,318 5,574 20,321 2,643 1,778 4,735 1,974 2,761 12,943 7,353 5,590 20,356 2,663 1,787 4,735 1,976 2,759 12,958 7,358 5,600 19,912 2,677 1,802.1 4,580 1,880.2 2,699.6 12,655 7,307.4 5,347.8 1,831.2 1,194.9 401.1 606.4 1,567.6 10037.9 1,759.4 3,981.0 662.6 1,011.3 2,484.4 2,849.0 659.5 794.9 20,709 2,642 1,766.3 4,865 2,125.2 2,739.4 13,202 7,697.4 5,504.2 1,839.9 1,193.5 402.9 614.6 1,560.7 10053.1 1,761.3 3,985.3 663.6 1,013.7 2,427.0 2,857.9 658.6 800.0 20,677 2,675 1,760.7 4,819 2,083.7 2,735.7 13,183 7,690.3 5,492.5 20,273 2,641 1,767.4 4,651 1,917.6 2,733.0 12,981 7,517.3 5,463.2 1,829 1,197 400 613 1,734 10,026 1,838 1,196 405 609 1,722 10,039 1,860 1,198 404 614 1,751 10,062 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Jan. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999p Jan. 2000p Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999p Jan. 2000p Total private.................... 34.0 34.5 34.6 34.3 34.6 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.6 Goods-producing......................... 40.5 41.5 41.5 40.8 41.1 41.1 41.1 41.3 40.9 41.1 Mining................................ 42.3 44.7 44.4 44.4 42.9 44.3 44.1 44.2 44.2 45.0 Construction.......................... 37.9 39.5 38.7 38.3 39.5 39.1 39.1 40.0 38.9 39.4 Manufacturing......................... Overtime hours.................... 41.3 4.3 42.2 4.9 42.5 5.1 41.6 4.5 41.6 4.5 41.8 4.7 41.8 4.7 41.7 4.6 41.6 4.7 41.7 4.6 Durable goods........................ Overtime hours.................... 41.9 4.5 42.7 5.0 43.1 5.3 42.2 4.6 42.2 4.6 42.4 4.9 42.3 4.8 42.2 4.7 42.0 4.8 42.2 4.7 Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.7 40.1 42.5 43.8 41.4 40.4 44.1 44.7 41.3 41.3 43.2 45.3 40.7 40.1 42.3 44.5 41.7 40.4 43.8 43.7 41.1 40.4 43.6 44.4 41.1 40.2 43.4 44.3 41.1 39.9 43.9 44.3 40.9 40.2 43.2 44.4 41.1 40.2 43.5 44.4 44.0 41.8 42.2 45.3 42.7 42.5 46.0 43.2 43.2 45.0 42.2 42.4 43.8 42.1 42.1 45.0 42.3 42.4 45.0 42.1 42.4 45.3 42.1 42.2 45.5 41.9 42.2 44.8 42.2 42.4 41.0 43.3 44.0 41.2 39.0 42.1 44.1 45.2 41.9 40.2 42.3 44.9 46.3 42.5 40.4 41.3 44.0 45.2 41.6 39.0 41.2 43.5 44.3 41.2 39.6 41.6 44.0 45.2 41.6 40.0 41.6 43.9 45.3 41.5 39.8 41.4 43.5 44.7 41.5 39.6 41.1 43.3 44.5 41.6 39.9 41.1 44.0 45.4 41.4 39.3 Nondurable goods..................... Overtime hours.................... 40.6 4.2 41.4 4.7 41.6 4.8 40.7 4.2 40.8 4.4 40.9 4.4 41.0 4.5 41.0 4.4 40.9 4.6 40.9 4.4 Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 41.5 37.3 40.7 36.7 43.5 37.7 42.8 43.9 41.3 36.7 42.5 43.2 41.6 37.6 43.9 38.8 43.4 43.0 41.9 38.0 42.4 44.2 41.8 38.0 44.2 39.0 43.8 43.3 42.3 37.8 41.3 39.0 40.9 37.2 43.3 37.9 42.8 42.4 41.6 37.4 41.8 38.1 40.8 37.0 43.5 38.2 42.9 (2) 41.4 37.3 41.7 40.2 40.8 37.5 43.5 38.3 43.2 (2) 41.7 37.2 42.0 41.0 41.3 37.5 43.5 38.4 43.1 (2) 41.5 37.5 41.9 42.8 41.2 37.3 43.5 38.3 43.1 (2) 41.5 37.6 41.6 43.5 41.2 37.4 43.2 38.3 43.1 (2) 41.3 37.2 41.6 40.3 40.9 37.6 43.2 38.3 42.9 (2) 41.9 38.0 Service-producing....................... 32.4 32.7 32.9 32.7 32.9 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9 Transportation and public utilities... 38.7 38.3 38.3 38.4 39.3 38.6 38.5 38.2 38.4 38.6 Wholesale trade....................... 38.0 38.4 38.5 38.5 38.4 38.5 38.6 38.4 38.5 38.6 Retail trade.......................... 28.1 28.7 29.3 28.3 29.0 28.8 28.9 28.9 29.1 29.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 36.0 36.0 36.2 37.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.3 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.7 32.8 32.7 32.7 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Jan. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999p Jan. 2000p Jan. 1999 Total private.................... Seasonally adjusted............. $13.11 13.04 $13.43 13.40 $13.46 13.44 $13.59 13.50 $445.74 451.18 Goods-producing......................... 14.46 15.03 15.09 15.03 Mining................................ 17.23 16.95 17.15 Construction.......................... 16.74 17.37 Manufacturing......................... 13.66 14.08 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 14.11 11.28 11.10 13.66 15.39 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999p Jan. 2000p $463.34 462.30 $465.72 463.68 $466.14 467.10 585.63 623.75 626.24 613.22 17.26 728.83 757.67 761.46 766.34 17.42 17.36 634.45 686.12 674.15 664.89 14.20 14.17 564.16 594.18 603.50 589.47 14.58 11.59 11.35 14.07 16.14 14.73 11.64 11.47 14.00 16.19 14.67 11.71 11.38 14.02 16.15 591.21 459.10 445.11 580.55 674.08 622.57 479.83 458.54 620.49 721.46 634.86 480.73 473.71 604.80 733.41 619.07 476.60 456.34 593.05 718.68 18.41 13.29 14.69 19.18 13.57 15.21 19.17 13.68 15.36 19.26 13.64 15.33 810.04 555.52 619.92 868.85 579.44 646.43 881.82 590.98 663.55 866.70 575.61 649.99 13.26 17.47 17.65 13.91 11.16 13.59 18.46 18.87 14.34 11.43 13.69 18.78 19.29 14.39 11.57 13.66 18.56 18.99 14.37 11.51 543.66 756.45 776.60 573.09 435.24 572.14 814.09 852.92 600.85 459.49 579.09 843.22 893.13 611.58 467.43 564.16 816.64 858.35 597.79 448.89 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 12.99 11.94 17.14 10.63 8.68 15.73 13.66 17.24 21.22 12.19 9.64 13.33 12.20 17.96 10.80 8.98 16.12 14.01 17.75 21.83 12.41 9.84 13.41 12.30 17.96 10.83 9.02 16.17 14.12 17.81 21.85 12.52 9.90 13.39 12.22 17.66 10.83 9.01 16.14 14.14 17.79 21.65 12.57 9.92 527.39 495.51 639.32 432.64 318.56 684.26 514.98 737.87 931.56 503.45 353.79 551.86 518.50 775.87 449.28 337.65 707.67 543.59 770.35 938.69 519.98 373.92 557.86 521.52 793.83 452.69 342.76 714.71 550.68 780.08 946.11 529.60 374.22 544.97 504.69 688.74 442.95 335.17 698.86 535.91 761.41 917.96 522.91 371.01 Service-producing....................... 12.68 12.92 12.96 13.14 410.83 422.48 426.38 429.68 Transportation and public utilities... 15.57 15.87 15.93 15.92 602.56 607.82 610.12 611.33 Wholesale trade....................... 14.42 14.82 14.90 15.02 547.96 569.09 573.65 578.27 Retail trade.......................... 9.00 9.21 9.26 9.34 252.90 264.33 271.32 264.32 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.48 14.73 14.75 14.99 521.28 530.28 533.95 554.63 Services.............................. 13.30 13.60 13.68 13.82 429.59 444.72 445.97 451.91 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Industry Jan. 1999 Total private: Current dollars.............. Constant (1982) dollars2..... $13.04 7.83 Goods-producing............... Mining...................... Construction................ Manufacturing............... Excluding overtime4....... Service-producing............. Transportation and public utilities................ Wholesale trade............. Retail trade................ Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Services.................... Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 $13.35 7.86 $13.39 7.87 14.53 17.07 16.80 13.64 12.93 14.93 17.09 17.21 14.04 13.29 12.56 Percent change from: Dec. 1999Jan. 2000 Dec. 1999p Jan. 2000p $13.40 7.87 $13.44 7.87 $13.50 N.A. 0.4 (3) 14.97 17.09 17.27 14.07 13.33 14.99 16.93 17.31 14.06 13.32 15.03 17.03 17.42 14.08 13.35 15.09 17.03 17.46 14.13 13.39 .4 .0 .2 .4 .3 12.85 12.89 12.90 12.95 13.00 .4 15.49 14.36 8.93 15.76 14.74 9.15 15.76 14.80 9.18 15.81 14.81 9.20 15.93 14.87 9.27 15.84 14.95 9.27 -.6 .5 .0 14.46 13.17 14.70 13.49 14.72 13.55 14.73 13.55 14.75 13.59 14.90 13.65 1.0 .4 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .0 percent from November 1999 to December 1999, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Jan. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999p Jan. 2000p Jan. 1999 Sept. 1999 Oct. 1999 Nov. 1999 Dec. 1999p Jan. 2000p Total private.................... 141.3 149.9 150.6 146.0 146.8 148.2 148.8 149.2 149.3 150.2 Goods-producing......................... 110.0 117.2 115.8 111.4 115.2 114.6 114.7 115.5 114.5 116.1 Mining................................ 49.7 51.7 50.9 49.7 51.8 50.3 50.6 50.4 50.8 51.6 Construction.......................... 148.5 181.3 170.4 159.3 171.9 172.4 173.2 179.0 174.4 181.4 Manufacturing......................... 105.7 107.6 108.2 105.1 107.1 106.4 106.2 106.0 105.7 106.2 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 109.6 143.0 134.5 109.2 90.4 111.7 149.4 138.0 119.7 91.1 112.9 148.1 141.1 115.4 92.5 109.9 144.4 136.3 110.0 90.3 111.0 149.5 135.3 117.8 89.9 110.9 147.1 137.5 117.0 90.2 110.5 147.6 137.4 116.2 89.8 110.2 147.6 136.1 118.1 90.0 109.8 146.8 136.5 116.5 90.4 110.6 148.2 136.5 118.1 89.9 68.3 116.8 105.7 70.3 119.0 104.3 71.2 120.7 106.4 69.3 117.6 104.8 68.0 117.7 105.4 69.9 117.2 104.2 69.9 116.8 104.1 69.9 116.9 103.7 70.2 116.5 103.7 69.2 117.4 104.5 105.4 123.8 158.7 75.0 96.1 107.9 124.9 168.1 75.6 102.9 109.0 127.4 172.8 76.4 102.2 105.9 123.8 167.4 74.8 97.5 105.9 125.1 161.0 75.0 99.5 106.7 125.4 168.0 75.1 101.3 106.7 124.2 167.3 75.1 100.8 105.8 122.7 165.0 75.1 100.3 104.9 122.0 164.3 74.7 101.4 105.3 124.6 169.6 74.5 100.2 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 100.3 115.7 61.9 82.6 61.1 106.8 121.4 101.8 73.3 146.8 32.0 101.9 121.3 63.1 80.9 58.4 106.4 124.2 104.0 73.4 151.2 31.2 101.8 119.4 66.3 80.9 58.2 107.3 124.9 105.1 69.9 153.0 30.2 98.6 114.4 57.4 78.2 56.3 104.9 120.3 102.7 65.4 150.1 29.5 101.8 119.3 58.5 83.1 62.3 107.1 123.4 102.4 76.2 147.8 32.7 100.2 117.7 53.7 79.5 58.6 105.6 122.1 102.7 73.9 149.2 30.9 100.4 118.7 54.8 80.0 58.1 105.2 122.6 102.8 73.2 149.2 30.5 100.4 119.0 57.3 80.1 57.7 105.4 122.0 103.2 72.4 149.4 30.0 100.1 118.4 58.2 79.8 57.5 104.9 121.7 103.2 72.3 149.7 29.7 100.2 118.6 53.9 78.5 57.8 104.9 121.7 103.4 68.5 151.6 30.4 Service-producing....................... 155.4 164.6 166.3 161.5 161.0 163.3 164.1 164.4 165.0 165.5 Transportation and public utilities... 130.9 134.1 135.3 132.7 134.1 133.5 133.3 132.7 133.6 135.3 Wholesale trade....................... 128.1 133.6 133.8 132.8 130.6 133.1 133.8 133.2 133.9 134.5 Retail trade.......................... 134.1 144.8 150.3 138.5 141.3 142.6 143.1 143.3 144.7 144.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 137.0 138.7 139.9 141.5 139.1 140.2 140.5 139.7 140.7 141.4 Services.............................. 191.3 204.3 203.8 200.9 198.3 202.3 204.0 205.0 204.8 205.4 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 49.6 56.2 63.8 54.4 p57.0 64.9 61.0 57.9 58.3 59.4 61.9 58.8 52.1 55.1 62.8 60.5 58.8 61.9 58.8 55.9 51.5 60.8 56.3 57.9 57.0 57.0 60.7 58.0 57.6 62.5 61.0 55.8 50.0 57.3 59.4 54.6 55.1 63.5 65.4 52.9 57.2 59.7 63.6 59.1 57.9 61.2 62.1 58.6 p56.6 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 62.6 63.8 66.7 60.7 62.5 63.6 66.2 55.9 63.3 67.7 64.5 59.6 63.1 67.3 63.9 54.6 63.1 62.6 61.4 56.3 64.3 61.7 58.7 56.2 64.3 61.4 60.0 56.2 62.2 66.2 58.4 59.0 64.6 67.3 57.6 57.4 64.2 69.9 57.6 59.6 66.2 70.8 59.0 p60.1 63.2 71.2 60.4 p60.3 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 62.6 67.4 70.6 61.1 65.2 68.3 66.9 58.8 64.5 65.6 65.9 57.3 65.2 67.0 62.4 59.0 64.7 65.6 62.6 55.2 64.6 64.9 61.1 57.4 67.0 66.3 58.0 56.9 65.4 68.4 59.8 61.5 65.9 69.7 60.0 p61.4 66.7 71.3 60.8 p58.4 66.9 71.3 60.8 66.7 71.9 58.0 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 64.5 69.0 70.4 60.1 66.7 67.3 68.3 57.3 64.5 68.3 67.1 57.0 65.6 69.7 64.0 57.6 68.5 69.5 62.1 58.7 67.3 70.1 61.7 p58.7 67.7 70.1 61.8 p58.7 66.4 70.4 63.8 68.0 70.5 59.8 69.9 69.7 59.0 68.7 69.8 59.3 66.9 71.3 58.6 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 42.4 50.0 58.6 40.3 p52.2 55.4 52.9 51.8 42.4 46.8 53.6 50.4 39.6 41.0 56.1 50.4 44.6 55.8 52.2 40.6 36.3 51.4 53.2 46.8 45.3 47.1 51.1 40.3 57.2 56.5 55.4 45.3 38.5 48.9 53.6 42.1 42.8 55.0 62.2 36.3 48.9 50.7 61.2 39.9 50.7 54.0 55.4 45.0 p48.2 Over 3-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 46.8 51.8 59.4 37.4 46.0 51.4 57.9 31.7 43.5 57.6 51.8 37.1 46.0 56.8 44.2 30.2 48.2 54.3 41.7 33.8 51.1 51.8 34.9 43.9 51.8 53.6 37.4 43.2 49.6 55.4 37.1 44.6 53.2 59.7 38.1 38.5 52.5 68.3 34.2 46.4 55.0 65.8 35.6 p49.3 50.7 64.4 35.3 p50.4 Over 6-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 41.4 54.7 59.7 33.1 46.0 54.0 49.3 29.1 45.7 51.4 48.2 28.1 47.1 54.3 36.7 36.0 46.0 52.5 36.7 30.9 48.6 52.2 36.7 34.5 52.9 55.4 28.4 36.3 50.4 61.2 31.3 44.6 51.8 61.5 33.5 p45.3 51.4 64.7 35.3 p40.6 52.5 66.2 32.7 51.8 65.1 28.1 Over 12-month span: 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 2000.............. 43.5 54.7 54.0 32.7 47.5 52.5 49.3 25.9 45.3 54.0 46.0 28.4 45.3 54.0 40.6 29.5 50.4 55.4 35.6 29.9 49.6 56.8 33.8 p30.6 50.4 57.2 30.9 p34.5 48.6 57.9 32.0 51.1 58.3 26.6 55.0 56.5 26.6 54.3 55.4 25.5 50.7 57.2 26.3 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
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