Full text of The Employment Situation : January 1977

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N e w s Er
Bureau of Labor Statistics




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J. Bregger (202)
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Washington, D.C. 20212

523-1944
523-1371
523-1913
523-1208
333-1384

USDL 77-100
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 10:00 A. M. (EST), FRIDAY,
FEBRUARY 4, 1977

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

JANUARY 1977

Employment continued to rise in January and unemployment declined sharply, it was
reported today by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Department of Labor.

The

unemployment rate was 7.3 percent, down from revised levels of 7.8 and 8.0 percent in
December and November, respectively, and equal to the 1976 low of last May.
The period covered by the statistics in this release relate to the calendar week
including the 12th.

For January, this was the week of the 9th through the 15th, which

preceded most cf the economic problems associated with the extremely bad weather and
consequent fuel shortages.

The impact as far as the data reported for January are

concerned was limited primarily to reduced workweeks.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—rose slightly in
January to 88.6 million, as an increase in nonagricultural employment more than offset a
cutback in farm employment.
4.3 million.

Since the March 1975 low, the employed total has risen by

The civilian labor force dropped by 440,000 in January to 95.5 million persons

but was 2 million above its year-ago level.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the monthly survey of establishments—
increased by 230,000 to 80.6 million.

Payroll jobs have advanced by 4.1 million since

the June 1975 recession low point.
As is usual at this time of year, seasonally-adjusted data from the household survey
have been revised; the current revisions are based upon experience through December 1976.
This release also introduces some corrections in the establishment survey.
revisions appears on page 5.

A note on these

Finally, some changes in table structure and content for

household survey data and an explanatory note are being introduced.

-

2

-

Unemployment
The number of persons unemployed declined by 560,000 in January to 7.0 million,
seasonally adjusted.

As a result, the overall jobless rate fell by half a percentage

point from December's revised figure of 7.8 percent to 7.3 percent, equaling the May 1976
low.

The rate had been as high as 9.0 percent (also revised) at the height of the

recession (May 1975).
The over-the-month decline in joblessness occurred almost entirely among adult
workers.

The unemployment rate for adult men fell from 6.2 to 5.6 percent, while the

rate for adult women dropped from 7.4 to 6.9 percent.

Paralleling these reductions

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data

Quarterly averages
Selected categories

IV

I

II

Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers

I i"

IV

1977

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

95,871
88,220
7,651
58,986
N.A.

95,960
88,441
7,519
59,071
N.A.

95,516
88,558
6,958
59,732
N.A.

8.0
6.3
7.6
19.2
7.3
13.5
5.3
7.6

7.8
6.2
7.4
19.0
7.1
13.4
5.1
7.5

7.3
5.6
6.9
18.7
6.7
12.5
4.8
6.7

Thousands of persons

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Civilian labor force

1976

1976

1975

93,103
85,247
7,855
59,216
977

93,644
86,514
7,130
59,327
940

94,544
87,501
7,043
59,032
903

95,261
87,804
7,457
58,963
827

95,711
88,133
7,578
59,132
992

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and other
Household heads
Full-time workers

8.4
6.9
7.9
19.6
7.7
13.9
5.8
8.1

7.6
5.8
7.4
19.2
6.9
13.1
5.0
7.1

7.4
5.7
7.1
18.8
6.8
12.9
4.9
7.0

Goods-producing industries...
Service-producing industries . .

7.9
6.2
7.6
19.1
7.2
13.4
5.3
7.5

Thousands of jobs

tESTABLISHMENT
a i MDUioniTitii i uDATA
n iM
Nonfarm payroll employment . . .

7.8
6.0
7.7
18.8
7.1
13.1
5.3
7.4

77,779
22,803
54,976

78,674
23,142
55,532

79,333
23,380
55,953

79,683
23,372
56,311

80,082p 80,106
23,442p 23,489
56,640p 56,617

80,322p 80,553p
23,514p 23,549p
56,808p 57,004p

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime

p-pr«liminary.




36.3
40.0
2.9

36.3
40.3
3.1

36.2
40.0
3.0

36.1
39.9
3.0

36.2p
40. Op
3.1p

36.2
40.1
3.1

N.A.-not aval labia.

36.2p
40.Op
3.2p

35.8p
39.7p
3.3p

-

3

-

were sizeable decreases in the jobless rates for household heads (both male and female),
married men and women, and full-time workers.

The rate for teenagers, at 18.7 percent,

has shown little change since last September.

(See table A-2.)

Both white ana black workers experienced reduced joblessness in January.

The rate

for white workers dropped from 7.1 to 6.7 percent, and the black worker rate moved from
13.4 to 12.5 percent.

Rates for both groups were at or near their May 1976 lows.

Among

the major occupational groups, there was a sharp decline among blue-collar workers,
whose rate fell from 9.6 to 8.4 percent.

The jobless rate for manufacturing workers also

dropped from 8.2 to 6.9 percent.
The average (mean) duration of unemployment, which usually lags behind movements in
total unemployment, remained essentially unchanged in January at 15.5 weeks, despite a
substantial decline in the number of persons seeking work for 15 weeks or longer.

There

was also a sharp reduction in the number unemployed 5-14 weeks, while those jobless for
less than 5 weeks was unchanged over the month.

(See table A-4.)

The January decline in unemployment occurred almost exclusively among workers who
had lost their last job and was equally distributed among those who had been laid off
and those who had experienced job terminations.

(See table A-5.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force
Total employment increased slightly in January to 88.6 million, seasonally adjusted.
This advance was confined almost entirely to adult men in nonagricultural industries.
Since October, total employment has risen by 820,000, while the increase over the past
year was 2.4 million.

(See table A-l.)

The civilian labor force declined by 440,000 in January to 95.5 million, as the
sharp decline in unemployment outweighed the advance in employment.

Since last January,

the civilian labor force has grown by 2.0 million workers—900,000 adult men and 1.1
million adult women.
The civilian labor force participation rate—the proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population either working or seeking jobs—dropped from 61.9 to 61.5 percent
over the month but remained somewhat above the level of a year earlier.
place among both adult men and women.




(See table A-l.)

Declines took

-

4

-

Industry Payroll Employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment increased for the third straight month,
advancing by 230,000 from the revised December level to 80.6 million (seasonally adjusted).
Payroll employment has grown by 2.1 million over the past year and 735,000 since last
October.

Over-the-month gains occurred in two-thirds of the industries that comprise

the BLS diffusion index of nonagricultural payroll employment.

(See tables B-l and

B-5.)
December-January increases were posted in all major industry divisions except
contract construction and State and local government.

The largest increase occurred in

manufacturing (95,000), primarily among workers in durable goods industries.

In the

service-producing sector, strong pickups took place in services (85,000) and retail
trade (70,000).

Jobs in contract construction declined by 65,000, the result of the

unusually bad weather conditions in many parts of the country.
Hours
The average workweek for private nonagricultural production or nonsupervisory
workers declined by 0.4 hour in January to 35.8 hours (seasonally adjusted).

The

substantial cutback in hours was a direct result of reduced operations in a large number
of establishments caused by weather conditions.
were down 2.1 hours to 35.2 hours.
the month.

Average hours in contract construction

The manufacturing workweek was down 0.3 hour, over

(See table B-2.)

As a result of the cutback in average hours, the index of aggregate hours for
private nonagricultural production or nonsupervisory workers declined sharply from its
December 1976 high of 113.1 to 112.2 in January (1967=100).

Despite the drop, the index

was 1.4 percent above its year-ago level and 5.7 percent above the spring 1975 low.

The

factory index was 94.4, down slightly from the December level; it was 9.0 percent above
its March 1975 recession low.

(See table B-4.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average hourly earnings of private nonagricultural production or nonsupervisory
workers increased 0.8 percent in January, seasonally adjusted.

Due to the cutback in

hours worked, however, average weekly earnings declined 0.3 percent over the month.




- 5 Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings were $5.06, up 4 cents
from December.

Average weekly earnings declined $3.61 over the month to $179.12.

(See

table B-3.)
Hourly Earnings Index
(Not available in time for this release.)
NOTE ON REVISIONS IN HOUSEHOLD AND ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Household Data
At the beginning of each calendar year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics routinely
revises the seasonally-adjusted labor force series derived from the Current Population
Survey to take into account data from the previous year. This year's revisions, which
incorporate experience through December 1976, did not affect the previously published
1976 seasonally-adjusted overall unemployment rate for 9 months of the year and altered
it by only 0.1 percentage point in the other 3 months. (See table B.) These revisions,
of course, do not affect the 1976 annual average rate, which was 7.7 percent.
New seasonal adjustment factors for the 12 component series comprising the civilian
labor force, revised data since 1972 for nearly 500 series, and an explanation of the
seasonal adjustment methodology will appear in the February 1977 issue of Employment and
Earnings.
Table B.

Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 1976

Month

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December

As originally
published

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.5
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.1
7.9

As revised

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

Establishment Data
Effective with January 1977 data, the BLS is introducing an adjustment in the
employment estimates from the establishment survey. These revisions are necessary in
order to correct the employment levels of a few industries that did not adequately reflect
the formation of new businesses during the recovery phase of the 1973-75 recession.
Revisions are limited to four major industries: contract construction, retail trade,
services, and State and local government. Data series for these components and totals
derived from them have been revised from July 1975 forward. A detailed description of
the revisions and the revised data will also appear in the February 1977 issue of
Employment and Earnings.




Explanatory Note
This release presents and analyzes statistics from two
major surveys. Data on labor force, total employment, and
unemployment (A tables) are derived from the Current
Population Survey, a sample survey of households conducted
by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. The sample consists of about 47,000 households
selected to represent the U.S. civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and over.
Statistics on nonagricultural payroll employment, hours,
and earnings (B tables) are collected by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies, from payroll
records of a sample of approximately 165,000 establishments. Unless otherwise indicated, data for both series
relate to the week containing the 12th day of the specified
month.

includes all persons who satisfactorily meet the above
criteria, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment
insurance benefits or any kind of public assistance. The
unemployment rate represents the unemployed as a proportion of the civilian labor force (the employed and unemployed combined).
To meet the extensive needs of data users, the Bureau
regularly publishes data on a wide variety of labor market
indicators—see, for example, the demographic, occupational, and industry detail in tables A-2 and A-3. A special
grouping of seven unemployment measures is set forth in
table A-7. Identified by the symbols U-1 through U-7,
these measures represent a range of possible definitions of
unemployment and of the labor force, extending from the
most restrictive (U-1) to the most comprehensive (U-7). The
official rate of unemployment appears as U-5.

Comparability of household and payroll employment
statistics
Employment data from the household and payroll surveys differ in several basic respects. The household survey
provides information on the labor force activity of the
entire population 16 years of age and over, without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
The payroll survey relates only to paid wage and salary
employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. The household survey counts employed persons in both agriculture and in nonagricultural
industries and, in addition to wage and salary wbrkers (including private household workers), includes the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and persons "with a
job but not at work" and not paid for the period absent.
Persons who worked at more than one job during the survey week or otherwise appear on more than one payroll are
counted more than once in the establishment survey. Such
persons are counted only once in the household survey and
are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours.
Unemployment
To be classified in the household survey as unemployed
an individual must: (1) have been without a job during the
survey week, (2) have made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks, and (3) be
presently available for work. In addition, persons on layoff and those waiting to begin a new job (within 30 days)
are also classified as unemployed. The unemployed total




Seasonal adjustment
Nearly all economic phenomena are affected to some
degree by seasonal variations. These are recurring, predictable events which are repeated more or less regularly
each year—changes in weather, school vacations, major
holidays, industry production schedules, etc. The cumulative
effects of these events are often large. For example, on average over the year, they explain about 90 percent of the
month-to-month variance in the unemployment figures.
Since seasonal variations tend to be large relative to the
underlying cyclical trends, it is necessary to use seasonallyadjusted data to interpret short-term economic developments. At the beginning of each year, current seasonal
adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force
series are calculated taking into account the prior year's
experience, and revised data are introduced in the release
containing January data.
All seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major employment
and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating
independently adjusted series. The official unemployment
rate for all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate for total unemployment (the sum of tour seasonallyadjusted age-sex components) by the civilian labor force
(the sum of 12 seasonally-adjusted age-sex components).
Several alternative methods for seasonally adjusting the
overall unemployment rate are also used on a regular basis
in order to illustrate the degree of uncertainty that arises
because of the seasonal adjustment procedure. Among these
alternative methods are five different age-sex adjustments,

including a concurrent adjustment and one based on stable
factors and four based on other unemployment aggregations.
Alternative rates for 1976 are shown in the table at the end
of this note. (Current alternative rates and an explanation of
the methods may be obtained from BLS upon request.)
For establishment data, the seasonal ly-adjusted series
for all employees, production workers, average weekly
hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted by aggregating the seasonally-adjusted data from the respective
component series. These data are revised annually, usually
in conjunction with the annual benchmark adjustments
(comprehensive counts of employment).
Sampling variability
Both the household and establishment survey statistics
are subject to sampling error, which should be taken into
account in evaluating the levels of a series as well as changes
over time. Because the household survey is based upon a
probability sample, the results may differ from the figures
that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete
census using the same questionnaire and procedures. The
standard error is the measure of sampling variability, that is,
the variations that might occur by chance because only a

sample of the population is surveyed. Tables A-E in the
"Explanatory Notes" of Employment and Earnings provide
standard errors for unemployment and other labor force
categories.
Although the relatively large size of the monthly establishment survey assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it also may differ from the figures
obtained if a complete census using the same schedules
and procedures were possible. Moreover, since the estimating procedures employ the previous month's level as
the base in computing the current month's level of employment (link-relative technique), sampling and response
errors may accumulate over several months. To remove
this accumulated error, the employment estimates are adjusted to new benchmarks, usually annually. In addition
to taking account of sampling and response errors, the
benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in
the industrial classification of individual establishments.
Employment estimates are currently projected from March
1974 benchmark levels. Measures of reliability for employment estimates are provided in the "Explanatory Notes" of
Employment and Earnings, as are the actual amounts of
revisions due to benchmark adjustments (tables G-L).

Unemployment rate by alternative seasonal adjustment methods

Month

Unadjusted
rate

Other aggregations
Alternative age-sex procedures
(all multiplicative)
Official
Direct
Range
Adadjust- CompoAll
AH
(cols.
justed
site
Stable DuraYearConReament
Resid2-13)
Total
Rate multipli- addi- ahead current 1967-73 tion
sons
ual
cative
tive

(1)

(2)

(3)

8.8
8.7
8.1
7.4
6.7
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.4
7.4

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.8
7.9
7.8
8.0
8.0
7.9

1976

January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December




(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

(10)

(11)

(12)

(13)

8.0
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.2
7.5
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.8

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.2
7.5
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.1
7.9

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.2
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

8.1
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.7
7.7
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

8.0
7.5
7.3
7.4
7.2
7.5
7.6
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
7.9

7.8
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.8
8.0
7.9
7.9
8.0
7.8

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.7
7.9
7.8
8.0
8.0
7.8

8.2
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.4
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.8

7.9
7.6
7.5
7.5
75
7.3
7.7
8.0
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.9

7.9
7.6
7.5
75
7.3
,7.5
7.7
7.9
73
7.9
ao
7.8

(14)

i
0.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.3
.3
.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Jan.
1976

Dec.
1976

Seasonally adjusted

Jan.
1977

Jan.
1976

Sept.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

TOTAL
154,915
2,140
152,775
92,665
60.7
84,491
54.5
2,853
81,638
8,174
8.8
60,110

Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Employed
-Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Not in labor force

157,176
2,146
155,031
95,517
61.6
88,494
56.3
2,850
85,645
7,022
7.4
59,514

157,381
2,133
155,248
94,704
61.0
86,856
55.2
2,672
84,184
7,848
3.3
- 60,544

154,915
2,140
152,775
93,473
61.2
86,226
55.7
3,305
82,921
7,247
7.8
59,302

156,595
2,145
154,450
95,242
61.7
87,794
56.1
3,278
84,516
7,448
7.8
59,208

156,788
2,147
154,641
95,302
61.6
87,738
56.0
3,310
84,428
7,564
7.9
59,339

157,006
2,149
154,857
95,871
61.9
88,220
56.2
3,248
84,972
7,651
8.0
58,986

157,176
2,146
155,031
95,960
61.9
88,441
56.3
3,257
85,184
7,519
7.8
59,071

157,381
2,133
155,248
95,516
61.5
88,558
56.3
3,090
85,468
6,958
7.3
59,732

i

Men. 20 years and over
1

Total noninstitutional population
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment rate

65,739
64,055
50,829
79.4
47,136
71.7
2,163
44,973
3,693
7.3
13,226

66,835
65,140
51,855
79.6
48,727
72.9
2,125
46,603
3,128
6.0
13,285

66,930
65,250
51,718
79.3
48,174
72.0
2,030
46,144
3,544
6.9
13,532

65,739
64,055
50,944
79.5
47,941
72.9
2,353
45,588
3,003
5.9
13,111

66,491
64,796
51,851
80.0
48,701
73.2
2,341
46,360
3,150
6.1
12,945

66,598
64,902
51,912
80.0
48,684
73.1
2,334
46,350
3,228
6.2
12,990

66,699
65,001
52,066
80.1
48,773
73.1
2,283
46,490
3,293
6.3
12,935

66,835
65,140
52,078
79.9
48,859
73.1
2,273
46,586
3,219
6.2
13,062

66,930
65,250
51,842
79.5
48,961
73.2
2,209
46,752
2,881
5.6
13,408

72,433
72,354
33,746
46.6
31,002
42.8
408
30,595
2,744
8.1
38,608

73,535
73,445
35,168
47.9
32,831
44.6
452
32,379
2,337
6.6
38,276

73,642
73,550
34,829
47.4
32,205
43.7
394
31,811
2,623
7.5
38,721

72,433
72,354
33,660
46.5
31,141
43.0
505
30,636
2,519
7.5
38,694

73,286
73,196
34,540
47.2
31,906
43.5
520
31,386
2,634
7.6
38,656

73,378
73,288
34,444
47.0
31,811
43.4
553
31,258
2,633
7.6
38,844

73,491
73,401
34,848
47.5
32,208
43.9
558
31,650
2,640
7.6
38,553

73,535
73,^45
34,938
47.6
32,340
44.0
573
31,767
2,598
7.4
38,507

73,642
73,550
34,740
47.2
32,331
43.9
488
31,843
2,409
6.9
38,810

16,743
16,366
8,090
49.4
6,353
37.9
282
6,071
1,737
21.5
8,276

16,806
16,446
8,493
51.6
6,935
41.3
273
6,663
1,558
18.3
7,953

16,810
16,448
8,157
49.6
6,477
38.5
248
6,229
1,680
20.6
8,291

16,743
16,366
8,869
54.2
7,144
42.7
447
6,697
1,725
19.4
7,497

16,819
16,458
8,851
53.8
7,187
42.7
417
6,770
1,664
18.8
7,607

16,812
16,451
8,946
54.4
7,243
43.1
423
6,820
1,703
19.0
7,505

16,816
16,455
8,957
54.4
7,239
43.0
407
6,832
1,718
19.2
7,498

16,806
16,446
8,944
54.4
7,242
43.1
411
6,831
1,702
19.0
7,502

16,810
16,448
8,934
54.3
7,266
43.2
393
6,873
1,668
18.7
7,514

136,453
134,668
82,125
61.0
75,439
55.3
6,686
8.1
52,543

138,253
136,475
84,521
61.9
78,889
57.1
5,632
6.7
51,955

138,415
136,654
83,839
61.4
77,450
56.0
6,389
7.6
52,814

136,453
134,668
82,713
61.4
76,878
56.3
5,835
7.1
51,955

137,782
136,006
84,313
62.0
78,276
56.8
6,037
7.2
51,693

137,944
136,166
84,511
62.1
78,384
56.8
6,127
7.2
51,655

138,117
136,336
84,816
62.2
78,647
56.9
6,169
7.3
51,520

138,253
136,475
84,854
62.2
78,828
57.0
6r026
7.1
51,621

138,415
136,654
84,616
61.9
78,923
57.0
5,693
6.7
52,038

18,462
18,107
10,540
58.2
9,052
49.0
1,488
14.1
7,567

18,923
18,555
10,996
59.3
9,605
50.8
1,390
12.6
7,559

18,966
18,594
10,864
58.4
9,406
49.6
1,458
13.4
7,730

18,462
18,107
10,706
59.1
9,298
50.4
1,408
13.2
7,401

18,813
18,445
10,906
59.1
9,508
50.5
1,398
12.8
7,539

18,844
18,476
10,910
59.0
9,444
50.1
1,466
13.4
7,566

18,889
18,520
11,114
60.0
9,618
50.9
1,496
13.5
7,406

18,923
18,555
11,109
59.9
9,623
50.9
1,486
13.4
7,446

18,966
18,594
11,030
59.3
9,648
50.9
1,382
12.5
7,564

Women. 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
WHITE
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

t.-..

BLACK AND OTHER
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including
Armed Forces).

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)

Selected categories

Unemployment rates

Jan.
1976

Jan.
1977

Jan.
1976

Sept.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

7,247
3,003
2,519
1,725

6,958
2,881
2,409
1,668

7.8
5.9
7.5
19.4

7.8
6.1
7.6
18.8

7.9
6.2
7.6
19.0

8.0
6.3
7.6
19.2

7.8
6.2
7.4
19.0

7.3
5.6
6.9
18.7

White, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

5,835
2,406
2,021
1,408

5,693
2,312
1,901
1,480

7.1
5.3
6.9
17.7

7.2
5.7
6.9
16.6

7.2
5.7

7.3
5.7

7.2
16.8

7.0
17.2

7.1
5.5
6.8
17.2

6.7
5.0
6.3
18.1

Black and other, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

1,408
583
492
333

1,382
557
503
322

13.2
11.1
10.9
35.0

12.8
9.8
11.4
38.3

13.4
10.9
11.5
38.0

13.5
11.6
11.0
36.5

13.4
11.3
11.5
34.8

12:5
10.2
10.8
36.1

Household heads, total
Men
With relatives
Without relatives

2,776
2,069
1,669
400
675
420
255

2,602
1,955
1,536
419
620
392
228

5.2
4.6
4.1
'8.6
8.0
10.1
5.9

5.1
4.8
4.3
8.4
7.6
10.2
5.1

4.8
4.3
3.8
8.2
7.0
9.0
5.1

1,636
1,526
5,813
1,414
2,781

1,510
1,415
5,507
1,431
2,283

4.1
7.1
7.3
10.3
3.0
8.4

4.5
7.3
7.5
9.6
2.4
8.4

4.5
7.2
7.6
10.5
2.6
8.6

4.3
7.0
7.5
9.8
2.6
8.4

3.8
6.5
6.7
10.2
2.4
8.0

4.6
3.0
2.9
6.1
6.4
9.4
6.8
10.4
8.5
14.3
9.0
4.2

4.6
3.0
3.2
5.6
6.2
9.8
6.9
11.5
8.0
14.6
8.7
4.0

4.7
3.4
3.1
5.7
6.3
9.7
7.0
11.3
8.2
13.5
5.1

4.5
3.3
3.1
5.0
6.1
9.6
7.0
11.0
8.1
13.9
9.0
6.1

4.5
3.3
3.0
5.7
6.0
8.4
6.1
9.2
7.2
12.9
8.6
4.8

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

Wtfh relatives
Without relatives
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost2

- -

—

i
1
1
;;

5.4 * i
4.9
i
4.4
8.5
8.0
10.7
5.4

5.4
4.9
4.4
8.8
8.1

11

10.7
5.6
4.4
7.3
7.6
10.3
2.5
8.6

5.3
5.0
4.5
9.0
7.4
9.8
5.2

I

OCCUPATION 3
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
„ Clerical workers :
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farmworkers

2,100
459
294
343
1|004
2,706
758
1,049
260
639
1,121
132

2,065
412
269
342
1,042
2,980
815
1,173
294
698
1,177
124

4.6
3.2
3.0
5.4
6.2
9.8
6.8
11.6
8.3
14.0
9.4

!
1I
!:

4.2

j1

i

INDUSTRY 3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers4
Construction'
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

9.3

1

5,486
670
1,738
1,048
690
241
1,473
1,328
657
163

5,124
660
1,472
826
646
232
1,495
1,236
675
180

8.1
15.7
8.2
8.3
8.0
4.9
8.6
6.9
4.3
11.2

8.1
15.7
8.1
7.6
8.9
5.4
8.9
6.4
3.9
11.2

8.2
15.1
8.2
8.0
8.5
5.6
8.9
6.7
4.4
11.5

8.2
15.4
8.2
7.7
8.9
5.7
9.0
6.8
4.3
13.2

7.9
14.1
8.2
8.0
8.6
5.2
8.2
6.8
4.4
14.0

7.4
14.9
6.9
6.5
7.4
4.7
8.4
6.2
4.3
12.6

498
167
235
96

491
162
236
93

8.0
18.3
7.1
4.8

8.9
19.2
7.9
6.2

8.7
19.0
7.9
5.7

8.5
16.8
8.6
5.0

8.3
16.8
8.7
4.7

7.6
16.8
7.9
3.6

1,294
794
316
184

1,262

8.9
12.1
7.2
5.1

8.2
10.5
7.2
5.4

8.9
11.9
7.6
5.1

9.3

731
374
157

12.1
7.9
5.8

9.1
12.4
7.2
5.4

10.6
7.7
4.2

VETERAN STATUS
Vietnam-era veterans, men: 5
20 to 34 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 2 9 years
30 to 34 years .§
Nonveterans, men;
20 to 34 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years

1

v

Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that
3




8.2

by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
4
5

Includes mining, not shown separately,
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5.1964. and April 30.1975.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Selected employment indicators
{Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Jan.
1976

Jan.
1977

Jan.
1976

Sept.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

84,491
50,474
34,017
50,020
37,502
20,025

86,856
51,618
35,238
51,038
37,737
20,490

86,226
51,789
34,437
50,660
37,955
20,042

87,794
52,546
35,248
51,185
38,140
20,470

87,738
52,576
35,162
51,159
37,989
20,384

88,220
52,643
35,577
51,356
37,895
20,482

88,441
52,799
35,642
51,525
37,998
20,498

88,558
52,918
35,640
51,710
38,195
20,511

42,844
13,284
8,990
5,161
15,409
27,478
10,860
9,798
3,133
3,687
11,725
2,444

44,527
13,578
9,546
5,509
15,894
28,376
11,254
10,010
3,321
3,792
11,685
2,267

42,836
13,150
9,057
5,274
15,355
28,706
11,222
10,126
3,166
4,192
11,910
2,826

44,023
13,581
9,446
5,555
15,441
28,745
11,340
9,820
3,275
4,310
12,165
2,772

44,207
13,427
9,436
5,551
15,793
28,921
11,352
9,885
3,297
4,387
11,972
2,829

44,297
13,597
9,491
5,597
15,612
29,001
11,353
9,970
3,258
4,420
12,026
2,743

44,648
13,544
9,564
5,815
15,725
29,150
11,302
10,231
3,283
4,334
11,880
2,791

44,521
13,444
9,613
5,633
15,831
29,636
11,626
10,341
3,358
4,309
11,874
2,624

1,075
1,552
225

1,033
1,405
233

1,296
1,646
341

1,309
1,608
344

1,310
1,671
343

1,285
1,627
342

1,380
1,530
340

1,246
1,490
354

75,607
14,971
60,637
1,219
59,418
5,551
481

78,093
15,223
62,870
1,299
61,571
5,695
397

76,662
14,764
61,898
1,306
60,592
5,707
507

78,440
15,143
63,297
1,400
61,897
5,701
433

78,498
14,998
63,500
1,377
62,123
5,632
448

78,766
15,045
63,721
1,448
62,273
5,771
449

78,957
14,967
63,990
1,384
62,606
5,798
460

79,205
15,013
64,192
1,391
62,801
5,853
419

78,400
63,954
3,233
1,513
1,720
11,213

79,819
65,437
3,159
1,260
1,899
11,223

78,325
64,190
3,336
1,335
2,001
10,799

79,796
64,965
3,376
1,378
1,998
11,455

79,469
64,955
3,448
1,339
2,109
11,066

79,940
65,385
3,545
1,289
2,256
11,010

80,369
65,846
3,454
1,234
2,220
11,069

79,832
65,700
3,320
1,112
2,208
10,812

CHARACTERISTICS

Women
Household heads
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, execpt farm

Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers

Nonagricultural industries:

Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers

PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.

Table A-4. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

2,852
2,426
2,311
1,118
1,193

2,952
2,367
2,360
1,094
1,266

2,759
2,494
2,517
1,188
1,329

2,765
2,319
2,514
1,130
1,384

2,762
2,083
2,283
1,038
1,245

16.9

15.4

15.3

15.5

15.6

15.5

100.0
35.2
27.6
37.2
15.6
21.6

100.0
37.6
32.0
30.5
14.7
15.7

100.0
38.4
30.8
30.7
14.2
16.5

100.0
35.5
32.1
32.4
15.3
17.1

100.0
36.4
30.5
33.1
14.9
18.2

100.0
38.7
29.2
32.0
14.6
17.5

Jan.
1976

Jan.
1977

Jan.
1976

3,017
2,403
2,754
1,221
1,532

3,163
2,425
2,260
1,081
1,180

2,635
2,065
2,781
1,165
1,616

15.8

14.5

100.0
36.9
29.4
33.7
14.9
18.7

100.0
40.3
30.9
28.8
13.8
15.0

Sept.
1976

DURATION

Average (mean) duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks

27 weeks and over.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-6. Reasons for unemployment
[Numbers In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

RMNMII

Seasonally adjusted

Jan,
1976

Jan.
1977

Jan.
1976

Sept.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

4,588
1,529
3,059
863
1,983
740

4,073
1,247
2,825
953
2,043
779

3,611
970
2,641
845
1,933
866

3,727
1,222
2,505
934
1,912
926

3,756
1,107
2,649
936
1,927
894

3,802
1,067
2,735
858
2,061
920

3,736
1,057
2,679
831
1,957
942

3,207
791
2,416
932
1,991
905

100.0
56.1
18.7
37.4
10.6
24.3
9.1

100.0
51.9
15.9
36.0
12.1
26.0
9.9

100.0
49.8
13.4
36.4
11.6
26.6
11.9

100.0
49.7
16.3
33.4
12.5
25.5
12.3

100.0
50.0
14.7
35.3
12.5
25.6
11.9

100.0
49.8
14.0
35.8
11.2
27.0
12.0

100.0
50.0
14.2
35.9
11.1
26.2
12.6

100.0
45.6
11.2
34.3
13.2
28.3
12.9

4.9
.9
2.1
.8

4.3
1.0
2.2
.8

3.9
.9
2.1
.9

3.9
1.0
2.0
1.0

3.9
1.0
2.0
.9

4.0
.9
2.1
1.0

3.9
.9
2.0
1.0

3.4
1.0
2.1
.9

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Lost last job
On layoff
Other job losers
Left last job
Reentered labor force
Seekingfirstjob
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

..

Table A-6. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Sex and age

Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)

Unemployment rates

Jan.
1976

Jan.
1977

Jan.
1976

Sept.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov,
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

7,247
1,725
781
953
1,723
3,808
3,166
634

6,958
1,668
777
901
1,617
3,681
3,090
583

7.8
19.4
20.9
18.4
12.6
5.4
5.6
4.5

7.8
18.8
20.6
17.5
11.7
5.8
5.9
4.8

7.9
19.0
21.3
17.5
12.6
5.7
6.0
4.6

8.0
19.2
21.6
17.6
12.7
5.6
5.9
4.6

7.8
19.0
20.7
17.7
12.5
5.5
5.9
4.2

7.3
18.7
21.1
17.0
11.4
5.1
5.3
4.1

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,949
946
431
523
959
2,057
1,699
366

3,714
833
384
457
892
2,002
1,656
354

7.1
19.7
21.2
18.9
12.8
4.7
4.9
4.2

7.2
19.1
21.3
17.3
11.7
5.2
5.2
4.6

7.4
19.6
22.3
17.7
12.7
5.1
5.3
4.4

7.5
19.7
22.2
18.1
12.6
5.2
5.4
4.4

7.3
19.1
21.0
17.4
12.9
5.0
5.2
3.9

6.6
17.4
19.5
16.1
11.3
4.6
4.7
4.0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16to 17 years
18to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,298
779
350
430
764
1,751
1,467
268

3,244
835
393
444
725
1,679
1,434
229

8.7
19.1
20.6
17.9
12.4
6.4
6.6
5.0

8.8
18.4
19.8
17.6
11.8
6.7
7.1
5.2

8.8
18.3
20.1
17.3
12.4
6.6
7.1
4.9

8.7
18.5
20.8
17.1
12.8
6.4
6.7
5.1

8.6
18.9
20.2
18.0
11.9
6.4
6.9
4.7

8.3
20.1
23.0
18.1
11.4
5.9
6.2
4.3

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over




HOUSEHOLD DATA .

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
[Percent]
Quarterly averages
Measures

Monthly data
1976

1976

1975

1977

IV

I

II

III

IV

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

3.1

2.7

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.6

2.4

4.6

3.8

3.7

3.9

3.9

4.0

3.9

3.4

5.8

5.0

4.9

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.1

4.8

U-4—Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor
force

8.1

7.1

7.0

7.4

7.5

7.6

7.5

6.7

U-5—Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
(official measure)

8.4

7.6

7.4

7.8

7.9

8.0

7.8

7.3

U-6—Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian
labor force less % of the part-time labor force

10.2

9.3

9.1

9.5

9.7

9.8

9.6

8.9

U-7 —Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
Yt of the part-time labor force

11.2

10.2

10.0

10.3

10.7

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

U-1—Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the

U-2—Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
U-3—Unemployed household heads as a percent of the household head

N.A.-not available.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
I In thousands!
Not seasonally abutted
Industry

TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976P

Jan. _
1977.P

Jan.
1976

77,334

80,943

81,074

79,465

78,406

79,918

79,bl9

80,106

80,322

22,479

23,781

23,483

22,966

23,066

23,463

23,323

23,489

23,514

756

807

805

803

767

798

800

805

808

Jan.
1976

Sept.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Jan.
1977

Dec.
1Q76P

P

80,553
23,549
j

814

3,228

3,742

3,548

3, 180

3,595

3,565

3,582

3,619

MANUFACTURING
Production workers

18,495
13,243

19,232
13,839

19, 130
13,739

18, 983
13,617

18,704
13,433

19,100
13,749

18,941
13,575

19,065
13,675

19,100
13,701

19,194
13,809

DURABLE GOODS
Production workers

10,717
7,604

11,218
8,021

11, 191
7,992

11, 126
7,936

10,810
7,689

11, 146
7, 975

11,018
7,833

11, 128
7,929

11, 163
7,959

11,224
8, 024

162
591
477
617
1,159
1,357
2,035
1,782
1,714
*97
419

156
613
495
630
1,216
1,404
2, 115
1,848
1,737
512
420

155
613
491
630
1, 194
1,387
2,078
1,849
1,695
511
415

156
621
636
1, 186
1,396
2,106
1,860
1,749
514
413

157
626
493
631
1, 181
1,405
2, 107
1,864
1,766
517
416

157
622
4<)2
642
11, 180
1,414
2, 124
1, 871
1, 775
522
425

7,894
5,744

7,954
5,772

7,923
5,742

7,937
5,746

7,937
5,742

7,970
5,785

1,698
79
958
1,311
664
1,070
1,024
203
612
275

1,711
76
971
1,281
681
1,086
1,035
202
643
268

1,706
76
961
1,273
677
1,087
1,032
202
645
264

1,711
75
960
1,276
680
1,089
1,038
203
642
263

1,709
74
958
1,271
680
1,088
1,043
203
648
263

1, 720
73
965
1,276
677
1, 092
1,042
206
654
265

55,340

56,455

56,496

56,617

56,808

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

Ordnance and accessories
Lumbar and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, day, and gists products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except elecb ical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Iratr-jrnentsand related products . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
froduction workers
Food ami kindred products
Toberro manufactures
Textile :nHI products
Apparel and ottier textile products.
Paper and allied products
Pointing and publishing
Chsmicoi-. and allied products
Petroleum and cod products
Rubber and plastics products, nee..
Loathe! and leather moducts

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL T R A D E . .
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE. INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

162.8
156.3
617.0
569. 1
476.5
498. 1
595.6
640.9
1, 156.3 1, 182.8
1,347. 1 1,411.4
2,041.0 2, 110.6
1, 779. 8 1, 878. 6
1,693 .0 1, 776. 9
495.4
517.4
427.9
399.9
7,778
5.639

8,014
5,818

1,637.2 1,733.5
81.8
79. 1
955.6
964.6
1,284.7 1,293.6
659.6
685.8
1, 068. 6 1,093.6
1,016.3 1, 039.9
203.7
197.8
608.6
651.9
270.3
265.1
54,855

57,162

157.4
157.2
613.7
598.6
495.5
491.2
625.5
619. 1
1, 181.4 1,177.8
1,410. 6 1,403.7
2, 121.3 2, 130. 1
1,876.6 1.869.3
1,778.5 1,753.8
520.3
518.6
405. 1
411.9
7,939
5,747

7,857
5,681

1,693.7 1,657.8
78.4
73.6
964.0
962.9
1,266.8 1,250. 9
683.3
673.4
1,097.2 1,091.2
1, 040. 5 1,034. 6
202.3
200.9
650.4
650.1
262.8
260.9
57,591

56,499

491

3,606 j

3,541

57,004

4,440

4,546

4,538

4, 500

4,489

4,528

4,506

4,519

4,538

4,550

17,205

18,122

18,556

17,785

17,388

17,839

17,824

17,808

17,895

17,975

4,189
13,016

4,321
13,801

4,327
14,229

4,287
13,498

4,214
13,174

4,283
13,556

4,292
13,532

4,291
13,517

4,305
13,590

4,313
13, 662

4,223

4,368

4,384

4,375

4,266

4,338

4,359

4,381

4,402

4,419

SERVICES

14,084

14,858

14,843

14, 734

14,342

14,798

14,819

14,873

14,918

15,004

GOVERNMENT

14, 903

15,268

15,270

15, 105

14,855

14, 952

14, 988

15,036

15,055

15,056

2,724
12,179

2,720
12,548

2,725
12,545

2,714
12,391

2,749
12,106

2,728
12,224

2,730
12,258

2,734
12,302

2,720
12,335

2,739
12,317

FEDERAL
STATE A N D LOCAL

p-prdiminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry
Not seasonally adjusted

Jan.
1976

Industry

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976 P

Seasonally adjusted

Jan.
1977

P

Jan.
1976

Sept.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976 P

Jan.
1977 P

36. 0

36. 1

36.4

35. 4

36. 4

36. 0

360 1

36. 2

36. 2

35. 8

MINING

42. 5

43. 6

43.4

41.4

43. 0

43. 5

43. 3

43. 3

43. 4

41. 9

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

36. 0

36. 8

36. 8

33. 7

37. 6

35. 9

37. 3

37. 4

37. 3

35. 2

Overtime hours

39. 9
2. 8

40. 3
3.2

40. 6
3. 3

39.3
3.0

40. 4
3. 1

39. 7
3. 0

39. 9
2. 9

40. 1
3. 1

40. 0
3. 2

39. 7
3. 3

D U R A B L E GOODS
Overtime hours

40. 3
2. 7

40. 9
3. 3

41. 3
3. 5

39. 8
3. 1

40. 8
2. 9

40. 2
3. 0

40. 5
3. 0

40. 8
3. 2

40. 5
3. 3

40. 3
3.4

41. 2
39. 7
38. 7
40. 4
40. 3
40o 4
41. 1
40e 0
40. 9
40. 1
3 8. 4

40. 8
39. 9
3 8. 8
41„ 3
40. 3
41.0
41. 7
40. 6
42. 0
40. 8
39o 3

41.
40.
39.
41.
40.
41.
42.
41.
42.
41.
39.

8
4
1
2
3
3
5
0
7
4
2

41. 0
38. 7
36. 6
39. 3
39. 7
39. 7
41 „ 2
39.5
40. 9
39. 8
37. 7

41. 3
40. 9
39. 3
41. 4
40. 3
40. 9
41. 2
40. 3
41. 7
40. 4
39. 0

40. 1
39. 8
3 8. 0
40. 9
40. 3
40. 6
40. 8
39. 7
41. 1
39. 9
38. 2

40. 6
40. 3
3 8. 4
41. 4
40. 2
40. 4
41. 2
40. 0
41. 2
40. 3
38. 7

40. 6
40. 3
3 8..6
41. 2
40. 3
40. 8
41. 5
40. 3
42. 0
40. 4
39. 0

41. 2
40. 3
38. 4
41. 1
39. 9
40. 6
41. 4
40. 3
41. 2
40. 7
38. 9

41 „ 1
39.9
37. 2
40. 2
39.7
40. 2
41„ 3
39. 8
41. 7
40. 1
38. 3

39. 4
3. 0

39.4
3.0

39.7
3, 1

38. 5
2.9

39. 8
3. 3

39. 0
2. 9

39. 1
2. 8

39.2
3.0

39. 3
3. 1

38. 9
3. 1

40. 3
38. 6
40. 8
35. 8
42. 5
37. 2
41. 4
41. 7
40. 6
38. 1

40.4
38. 1
40.0
35.4
42. 6
37. 8
41. 8
42. 3
41. 4
36.5

40.5
38.2
40. 4
35. 3
43. 0
38. 3
42. 3
42.4
41. 7
36.9

39.4
35.4
39. 4
33. 8
41. 8
37. 2
41.2
43. 0
40. 3
35. 2

40. 6
39. 0
41. 2
36. 5
42. 6
37. 7
41. 6
42. 4
40. 8
38. 8

40. 2
37. 1
39. 0
34. 9
42. 2
37. 4
41. 9
42. 2
40. 5
36. 5

40. 3
37. 5
39. 4
35. 0
42. 1
37. 5
41. 6
42. 0
41. 1
36. 4

40.4
36. 9
39. 8
35. 1
42. 4
37.6
41. 7
41. 9
41. 2
36. 4

40. 1
37. 4
40. 1
35. 3
42. 5
37. 7
41. 9
42. 5
41. 3
36. 6

39.
35.
39.
34.
41.
37.
41.
43.
40.
35.

TOTAL PRIVATE

MANUFACTURING

Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products. . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
N O N D U R A B L E GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec . . .
Leather and leather products

!

i

7
8
8
5
9
7
4
7
5
8

T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A N D PUBLIC

39. 3

40. 2

40. 3

39.6

39. 6

39. 9

39. 8

40.2

40. 3

39.9

33. 4

33. 2

33.9

32. 7

33. 8

33. 6

33. 5

33.4

33. 6

33. 1

3 8. 7
31. 8

38. 7
31.6

39. 0
32.4

38. 2
31. 1

38. 9
32. 3

38. 8
32. 1

38. 7
32. 0

38. 7
31.9

38. 6
32. 1

38. 4
31. 6

FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D
R E A L ESTATE

36. 5

36. 6

36. 7

37. 0

36. 5

36. 7

36. 7

36.7

36. 7

37. 0

SERVICES

33. 5

33.4

33. 4

33. 2

33. 7

33. 5

33. 6

33. 5

33. 5

33. 4

UTILITIES
WHOLESALE A N D RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE T R A D E
RETAIL TRADE

1

....

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in contract construction: and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; whole-

sale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services, "i hese groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls.
p=preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
1
i

Average hourly earnings
Industry

TOTAL PRIVATE
Seasonally adjusted

Average weekly earnings

Jan.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

Jan.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.

1976

1976

1976

1977P

1976

1976

1 976

1977P

$ 182.73

$ 1 7 9 . 12

,«4. 7 2

$5. 0 0

$ 5 . 02

$ 5 . 06

4. 72

5. 00

5 . 02

5. 0 6

171.81

181.00

181.72

1 8 1 . 15

$ 169.92 $ 180.50

MINING

6.27

6. 62

6. 70

6. 7 4

266.48

288.63

2 9 0 . 78

2 7 9 . 04

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

7. 50

7. 86

7.89

7 . 97

270.00

289. 25

2 9 0 . 35

268.59

MANUFACTURING

5. 02

5. 3 4

5. 4 2

5. 4 4

2 0 0 . 30

215. 20

2 2 0 . 05

213. 79

5. 7 9

5. 8 0

2 1 6 . 81

232.31

239.13

230. 84

2 2 6 . 19

2 4 3 . 98

2 5 1 . 22

D U R A B L E GOODS

5 . 38

Ordnance and accessories

5. 4 9

Lumber and wood products

4. 46

Furniture and fixtures

3. 86

Stone, clay, and glass products

5. 0 5
6.5!

Primary metal industries

5. 68
5 . 98
4. 86

6. 01

5. 93

4. 88

4. 98

177.06

193.91

197.15

2 4 3 . 13
192.73

4 . 07
5. 4 5

4 . 14
5. 47

4 . 12
5. 5 0

157.92
2 2 5 09

161.87
2 2 5 . 36

150.79
2 1 6 . 15

6. 94

6 . 97
5. 6 5

213.72

2 7 9 . 68
2 2 6 . 73

281. 70
232.11

276.71

5. 53

6. 99
5. 6 2

149.38
204.02
262.35

5. 91

6. 00

230.57
190. 80

246.45
205. 84

2 5 5 . 00
2 1 1 . 56

280.98

297.62

283.03

203. 59

2 1 0 . 73

202.18

160.34

163. 46

160. 23

1 9 4 . 13

189- 81

208.58
194. 06

204.88

154/33
124. 26

1 5 0 . 51
117.96

Machinery, except electrical

5.29
5. 61

Electrical equipment

4. 77

5. 07

5 . 16

5.97
5 . 16

Transportation equipment

6. 35

6. 69

6. 97

6. 92

Fabricated metal products

Instruments and related products

4. 75

4. 99

5. 0 9

5. 08

Miscellaneous manufacturing

3 . 97

4 . 08

4 . 17

4. 25

2 5 9 . 72
190.48
152. 45

4. 53

4. 84

4. 89

4. 93

178.48

190. 70

N O N D U R A B L E GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products

4. 81
4. 84
3 . 57

5. 0 9

5 . 15

5. 2 0

193. 84

205. 64

4. 87

5. 08

5 . 18

3. 82

3. 8 2

186.82
145. 66

185.55

3. 81
3. 5 0

3 . 52

3. 4 9

119.21

152.40

224.31
2 4 5 . 96
2 0 3 . 82

1 8 3 . 37

Printing and publishing

5. 2 5
5. 53

5. 62
5. 8 2

5. 6 5
5. 86

5. 6 9
5. 93

223.13
2 0 5 . 72

123. 90
239.41
220. 00

242.95
224.44

237.84
220. 60

Chemicals and allied products

5. 66

6. 09

6 . 12

6. 2 0

2 34.32

2 5 4 . 56

258. 88

255. 44

Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec

6. 96

7. 26

7. 2 9

7. 38

290. 23

307.10

3 0 9 . 10

317.34

4. 50

4 . 94

5. 00

5. 03

182.70

204.52

202.71

Leather and leather products

3. 37

3. 50

3. 53

3 . 58

128.40

127.75

2 0 8 . 50
130. 26

T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A N D PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S

6. 2 3

6. 65

6. 65

6. 68

244.84

267.33

268.00

264.53

WHOLESALE A N D RETAIL TRADE

Apparel and other textile products

3. 33

Paper and allied products

3. 8 9

4 . 08

4 . 07

4 . 16

129. 93

135. 46

137.97

136.03

WHOLESALE TRADE

5. 0 5

5. 31

5. 34

5. 37

195. 44

2 0 5 . 50

208. 26

2 0 5 . 13

RETAIL TRADE

3. 47

3. 6 5

3. 65

3. 73

110. 35

1 1 5 . 34

118. 26

116.00

155. 49

161.04

162.21

166.87

142.71

1 4 9 . 97

1 5 0 . 97

153.05

F I N A N C E , I N S U R A N C E , A N D R E A L ESTATE

4. 26

4. 40

4. 42

4 . 51

SERVICES

4. 26

4. 49

4 . 52

4 . 61

1

126. 02

See footnote 1, table B-2.

p=preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
[1967 = 100]
1976

1977

Industry division and group
Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

111.5

112. 0

111.6

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

1 12. 2 1 1 2 . 8

Jan.

Feb.

1 10. 7

111.1

111.1

111.8

111.8

112. 2

96. 0

96. 1

96. 0

95. 6

97.2

96. 8

96. 5

95. 7

95. 9

96. 0

97.2

97. 0

95.6

MINING

125. 2

125. 0

125. 7

125. 9

124. 7

125. 0

127. 7

115. 6

131. 7

131. 1

132. 6

133. 1

128. 7

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

105. 1

104. 1

99.6

105. 0

104. 0

104. 0

103. 7

102. 5

99.4

104. 2

105. 7

104. 5

95. 8

93.4

93.6

94. 3

93. 0

95. 1

94. 6

94. 2

93. 9

94. 0

93. 2

94. 5

94. 5

94.4

91. 0

91.4

92.4

41.5
97. 0
101. 3
97. 7
83.6
95.3
92. 8

41. 0
96. 0
103. 1
97.4
84. 8
96. 4
93. 0

41. 0
95. 8
103. 6

93. 2
38. 6
98.2
102.4

92. 0
3 8. 5
99.4
102. 2

93.
38.
100.
102.

8
5
8
8

93. 7
39. 7
101.9
103. 0

93. 8
40. 7
100.4
98. 8

98.9
88. 8
98.6

88. 6
89. 2
104. 7
94.4

89.
89.
105.
94.

3
2
2
3

90.4
91. 8
106. 7
95.4

99. 7
86. 2
96.5
94. 0
92. 1
86. 1
107. 9
92. 0

96. 8
96. 7

96. 8
96. 8

89. 0
99. 1
92.7
95. 2
93. 1
98.4
113.6
117.7
79. 7

98. 8
84. 6
98.5
96. 5
93. 5
90. 8
110.4
91. 9
95. 6
95.5
80. 1
96.2
86.4
97.4

98. 6
84. 3
98. 1
97. 8
92.4
93. 2
109.4
93. 6
95.2

88. 1
99. 0
92. 2
95. 8
92. 6
99.4
114. 2
117. 9
79. 2

100. 2
85. 7
98. 1
96.7
93.4
91. 5
108. 5
92. 1
95.4
96. 6
81. 6
95. 6
86. 1
97. 0
93. 6
100. 0
113. 1
125. 7
70.4

93. 7
100. 6
115. 6
127. 2
70.4

95.9
75.4
96. 1
84. 8
96.4
93. 7
100. 1
119. 7
12.6. 5
70. 1

120. 9

TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING

MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Hectrical equipment and supplies
onsportation equipment
Instruments and related products
T.'.iscella'neous manufacturing, Ind

....
....

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec
...
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE A N D
TRADE

93.
40.
96.
103.

8
7
1
3

93.5
40. 0
98.6
102. 3

93. 6
39. 8
97. 6
101.2

98. 6
86.8
94.9
91. 7

99.5
88. 3
98. 7
94. 9

99.
89.
98.
94.

7
2
4
5

99.
90.
98.
95.

2
1
0
9

98.
89.
98.
95.

6
8
6
9

0
9
7
1

92.2
92. 8
109. 6
95.4

91.
92.
109.
94.

9
6
1
7

90.
90.
110.
93.

5
3
3
1

97. 1
96. 0

96. 0
96. 1

84. 9
99. 3
92.6
9 6 . 192.7
99.4
113.9
121.7
79. 3

85.4
96. 1
89. 3
95. 9
92. 3
100. 1
115.6
121. 3
78.4

96.6
96.6
85.4

92.
90.
108.
91.
94.
96.
84.
95.
87.
96.

2
7
1
8
2
5
0
5
6
1

121. 6

121. 6

101. 3

102. 3

117. 3
113.2

5
0
2
3

89.
86.
105.
93.

95.2
97. 0
82. 3

92.9
99' 8
112. 4
105. 2
72. 5

95.9
91.5
89. 1
107. 2
92. 2
95. 2
96.4
82. 1
95.2
86. 2
96. 5
93. 1
100. 3
112.2
124. 3
72. 1

95.0
96. 2
83. 0
95. 0
85. 7
95.7
93.4
99.4
112. 5
125. 6
71. 0

113. 1

112. 2

99.9
92. 0
98. 1
93. 6
100. 0
113. 9
108. 8
79. 8

95. 8
96. 8
83.4
9 8. 6
91.4
97. 3
93. 1
99. 0
111.6
107. 0
76. 0

98. 0
88.9
96. 9
93.6
99.4
112.2
106. 2
74.7

122. 6

122. 3

121. 8

122. 5

123. 0

123. 6

123. 5

123. 5

124. 3

123. 8

102. 5

102.4

101.9

101. 6

102. 1

102. 5

102.9

102. 0

103. 2

103. 8

102.4

118. 0
113.4

118. 0
113. 2

119. 8
114. 3

118. 9
114. 3

118. 1
114. 1

118. 9
115. 3

119. 0
114. 7

119. 7
114. 9

119. 3
114. 8

118. 9
114. 8

119. 8
114. 8

118. 8
114. 3

118. 9

119. 8

119. 8

121. 8

120. 6

119. 6

120. 3

120. 6

121. 6

121. 0

120.4

121. 6

120.4

125. 1

125. 4

125. 5

126. 1

126. 3

126, 3

126. 6

127. 3

127. 7

12 8. 3

129. 1

129. 8

131. 3

133. 6

134. 2

134. 0

134. 6

135. 3

135. 0

135.4

136. 6

137. 2

137. 6

137. 7

138. 2

138. 2

RETAIL

FINANCE, INSURANCE,
REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
See footnote 1, table B-2.
p=preliminary.




94. 0
* 41. 0
7
96.6
105.1j

D e c . P Jan. P

PUBLIC

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

1

9
9
0
7

96.
86.
97.
93.

90.
39.
96.
102.

Nov.

AND

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased

Year and month

Over 1-month span

Over 3-inonth span

Over 6-month span

Over 12-month span

1974
January
February
March

58.7
5 5. 8
48. 0

61. 6
55. 2
54. 7

64. 8
56.4
54.7

63. 1
59. 6
54. 9

April
May
June

54.7
54.7
54. 4

52. 3
57. 0
50. 9

51. 5
50. 3
44. 5

50. 0
40. 1
28. 2

July
August
September

49. 1
42. 2
32. 6

44, 2
36. 0
35. 5

35. 8
32. 0
21. 8

26. 7
22. 1
20. 6

35. 5
19.8
19. 8

26. 2
21. 8
12. 8

15. 7
16. 0
13. 7

18.6
16.6
14. 0

16.9
16.9
27. 3

12. 5
14. 0
22. 7

13. 7
12.8
18.9

16.3
17.4
17.2

44.2
51.2
39. 8

34. 6
43. 6
47. 7

29. 1
40. 7
59. 0

20. 3
25. 6
40. 1

57. 3
72.4
81.4

55. 5
75. 0
78. 8

63.4
66.6
72.4

50. 3
61.9
71. 5

64. 0
59. 6
69.2

70. 6
69. 2
75. 0

78.8
79.4
77.6

75.9
79. 1
81.4

January . . .
February
March

76.7
74.4
77.9

82., 0
84., 3
84,, 9

82. 8
83. 1
77. 0

84.6
82.8
79.4

April
May
June

77.9
63. 4
47. 1

81., 1
70., 6
57.. o

77. 0
71. 5
70. 9

73. 5
79.7
79. 7p

July
August
September

52.9
49. 1
68.9

47., 4
65. 1
54.. 9

55. 2
55. 2
62. 2p

74. 4p

39. 0
64. 2
67. 2p

59.. 9
52.• 9 p
74.• 7 p

69. 8p

October

.
...

December

..
1975

January

...

May

July
September
October

.
. ..

December
1976

.

October , . .
November . .
December . .
1977
January . . .
February
March ,

66. 6p

April
May
June
July
August

October

.,.

1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p = preliminary.