Full text of The Employment Situation : February 2022

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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, March 4, 2022

USDL-22-0344

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — FEBRUARY 2022
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 678,000 in February, and the unemployment rate edged
down to 3.8 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job growth was widespread, led
by gains in leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, health care, and construction.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
February 2020 – February 2022

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
February 2020 – February 2022

Percent

Thousands

16.0

160,000

14.0

155,000

12.0

150,000

10.0

145,000

8.0

140,000

6.0

135,000

4.0

130,000

2.0

125,000

Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21 May-21 Aug-21 Nov-21 Feb-22

Feb-20 May-20 Aug-20 Nov-20 Feb-21 May-21 Aug-21 Nov-21 Feb-22

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
In February, the unemployment rate edged down to 3.8 percent, and the number of unemployed
persons edged down to 6.3 million. In February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic,
the unemployment rate was 3.5 percent, and the number of unemployed persons was 5.7 million. (See
table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent) and Hispanics
(4.4 percent) declined in February. The jobless rates for adult women (3.6 percent), teenagers (10.3
percent), Whites (3.3 percent), Blacks (6.6 percent), and Asians (3.1 percent) showed little or no change
over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of persons on temporary layoff, at 888,000 in February, was little
changed over the month. The number of permanent job losers, at 1.6 million in February, also changed
little. Both measures are higher than their February 2020 levels of 780,000 and 1.3 million, respectively.
(See table A-11.)
In February, the number of persons jobless less than 5 weeks declined by 286,000 to 2.1 million. The
number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged at
1.7 million. This measure is 581,000 higher than in February 2020. The long-term unemployed
accounted for 26.7 percent of the total unemployed in February 2022. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate, at 62.3 percent in February, changed little over the month. The
employment-population ratio edged up to 59.9 percent. Both measures remain below their February
2020 levels (63.4 percent and 61.2 percent, respectively). (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons increased by 418,000 to 4.1 million
in February but remains below its February 2020 level of 4.4 million. These individuals, who would
have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or
they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 349,000 to 5.4
million in February. This measure is above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals
were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks
preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to
the labor force, at 1.5 million, changed little in February. These individuals wanted and were available
for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4
weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached
who believed that no jobs were available for them, was little changed over the month at 391,000. (See
Summary table A.)
Household Survey Supplemental Data
In February, 13.0 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic,
down from 15.4 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or
worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the
pandemic.
In February, 4.2 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer
closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at
some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 6.0
million in the previous month. Among those who reported in February that they were unable to work
because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 20.3 percent received at least some pay from
their employer for the hours not worked, down from 23.7 percent in January.
-2-

Among those not in the labor force in February, 1.2 million persons were prevented from looking for
work due to the pandemic, down from 1.8 million in the prior month. (To be counted as unemployed,
by definition, individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)
These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey beginning in May 2020 to
help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables
with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 678,000 in February but is down by 2.1 million, or 1.4
percent, from its pre-pandemic level in February 2020. Job growth was widespread over the month, led
by gains in leisure and hospitality, professional and business services, health care, and construction. (See
table B-1.)
Employment in leisure and hospitality continued to increase, with a gain of 179,000 in February. Job
growth occurred in food services and drinking places (+124,000) and in accommodation (+28,000).
Since February 2020, employment in leisure and hospitality is down by 1.5 million, or 9.0 percent.
Professional and business services added 95,000 jobs in February. Job gains occurred in temporary
help services (+36,000), management of companies and enterprises (+12,000), management and
technical consulting services (+10,000), and scientific research and development services (+8,000).
Employment in professional and business services is 596,000 higher than in February 2020, largely in
temporary help services (+240,000), computer systems design and related services (+154,000), and
management and technical consulting services (+152,000).
Employment in health care rose by 64,000 in February. Job gains occurred in home health care services
(+20,000), offices of physicians (+15,000), and offices of other health practitioners (+12,000).
Employment in health care is down by 306,000, or 1.9 percent, from its level in February 2020.
Construction added 60,000 jobs in February, following little change in the prior month. About threefourths of the over-the-month job gain occurred in specialty trade contractors, with increases in both the
residential (+24,000) and nonresidential (+20,000) components. Construction employment is slightly
below (-11,000) its February 2020 level.
Employment in transportation and warehousing increased by 48,000 in February and is 584,000
higher than in February 2020. Over the month, job gains continued in warehousing and storage
(+11,000), couriers and messengers (+9,000), support activities for transportation (+9,000), and air
transportation (+7,000). All four of these component industries have surpassed their February 2020
employment levels, with particularly strong job growth in warehousing and storage (+420,000) and
couriers and messengers (+240,000).
Employment in retail trade rose by 37,000 in February, with gains in building material and garden
supply stores (+12,000), furniture and home furnishings stores (+6,000), and gasoline stations (+5,000).
Retail trade employment is 104,000 above its level in February 2020.

-3-

Manufacturing added 36,000 jobs in February. Employment in durable goods industries rose by
20,000, with job gains in fabricated metal products (+11,000), machinery (+8,000), electrical equipment
and appliances (+4,000), nonmetallic mineral products (+3,000), furniture and related products (+3,000),
and primary metals (+3,000). These gains were partially offset by a job loss in motor vehicles and parts
(-18,000). Nondurable goods manufacturing also added jobs over the month (+16,000). Since February
2020, manufacturing employment is down by 178,000, or 1.4 percent.
In February, employment in financial activities rose by 35,000. Job gains were split between finance
and insurance (+16,000) and real estate (+16,000). Employment in financial activities is 31,000 above
its level in February 2020.
Social assistance added 31,000 jobs in February, with a gain of 21,000 jobs in individual and family
services. Since February 2020, employment in social assistance is down by 152,000, or 3.5 percent.
Employment increased by 25,000 in the other services industry in February, led by a gain in repair and
maintenance (+10,000). Employment in the other services industry is down by 317,000, or 5.3 percent,
from its level in February 2020.
Wholesale trade added 18,000 jobs in February; employment in the industry is 113,000, or 1.9 percent,
lower than in February 2020.
Mining employment rose by 9,000 in February, with gains in support activities for mining (+6,000) and
in oil and gas extraction (+2,000). Mining employment has grown by 62,000 since a recent low in
February 2021.
Employment showed little or no change over the month in information and government.
Average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls, at $31.58 in February, were
little changed over the month (+1 cent), after large increases in recent months. Over the past 12 months,
average hourly earnings have increased by 5.1 percent. In February, average hourly earnings of privatesector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 8 cents to $26.94. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.1 hour to 34.7 hours in
February. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees increased by 0.4 hour to 40.7
hours, and overtime rose by 0.2 hour to 3.6 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was up by 0.1 hour to 34.1 hours. (See tables
B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for December was revised up by 78,000, from
+510,000 to +588,000, and the change for January was revised up by 14,000, from +467,000 to
+481,000. With these revisions, employment in December and January combined is 92,000 higher than
previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and
government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for March is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 1, 2022, at 8:30
a.m. (ET).

-4-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Change from:
Jan. 2022Feb. 2022

Feb.
2022

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

260,918
160,359
61.5
150,367
57.6
9,992
6.2
100,560

262,136
162,294
61.9
155,975
59.5
6,319
3.9
99,842

263,202
163,687
62.2
157,174
59.7
6,513
4.0
99,516

263,324
163,991
62.3
157,722
59.9
6,270
3.8
99,333

122
304
0.1
548
0.2
-243
-0.2
-183

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

6.2
6.0
5.9
13.9
5.5
9.8
5.1
8.4

3.9
3.6
3.6
10.9
3.2
7.1
3.8
4.9

4.0
3.8
3.6
10.9
3.4
6.9
3.6
4.9

3.8
3.5
3.6
10.3
3.3
6.6
3.1
4.4

-0.2
-0.3
0.0
-0.6
-0.1
-0.3
-0.5
-0.5

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

5.6
10.1
7.1
5.9
3.8

3.3
5.2
4.6
3.6
2.1

3.4
6.3
4.6
3.6
2.3

3.3
4.3
4.5
3.8
2.2

-0.1
-2.0
-0.1
0.2
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

6,609
706
2,138
573

3,095
724
2,038
513

3,220
952
1,959
433

3,044
963
1,947
417

-176
11
-12
-16

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,234
2,285
1,383
4,156

1,977
1,571
780
2,008

2,417
1,607
816
1,691

2,131
1,800
735
1,702

-286
193
-81
11

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

6,099
4,731
1,122
18,458

3,929
2,594
1,082
20,315

3,717
2,430
969
20,198

4,135
2,707
1,060
20,667

418
277
91
469

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,885
520

1,639
463

1,526
408

1,471
391

-55
-17

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

710
693
-18
-4
-52
38
28
3.7
10
711
10.7
49.1
64.6
-0.1
13
-8
102
38.8
76
56.6
393
11
17

588
561
93
8
44
41
31
1.2
10
468
18.5
38.2
22.3
-0.6
9
14
91
40.9
65
40.1
186
24
27

481
448
24
1
7
16
9
-3.5
7
424
12.3
69.2
51.1
1.0
10
3
73
33.4
33
13.1
167
5
33

678
654
105
9
60
36
20
-18.0
16
549
18.3
36.9
47.6
0.0
0
35
95
35.5
112
94.2
179
25
24

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

372
336

637
627

572
545

582
554

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.7
48.3
81.3

34.6
$30.04
$1,039.38
105.9
-0.6
152.1
-0.2

65.0
63.5

49.7
48.3
81.5

34.8
$31.38
$1,092.02
111.0
0.5
166.6
0.9

73.0
64.2

Jan.
2022p

49.7
48.3
81.5

34.6
$31.57
$1,092.32
110.8
-0.2
167.2
0.4

61.1
54.7

Feb.
2022p

49.7
48.3
81.4

34.7
$31.58
$1,095.83
111.7
0.8
168.6
0.8

76.6
75.7

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 670,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

260,918
160,008
61.3
149,522
57.3
10,486
6.6
100,910
6,902

263,202
162,825
61.9
155,618
59.1
7,207
4.4
100,378
5,872

263,324
163,725
62.2
156,942
59.6
6,782
4.1
99,600
5,299

260,918
160,359
61.5
150,367
57.6
9,992
6.2
100,560
6,923

261,908
161,610
61.7
154,234
58.9
7,375
4.6
100,298
5,935

262,029
162,126
61.9
155,324
59.3
6,802
4.2
99,902
5,819

262,136
162,294
61.9
155,975
59.5
6,319
3.9
99,842
5,713

263,202
163,687
62.2
157,174
59.7
6,513
4.0
99,516
5,704

263,324
163,991
62.3
157,722
59.9
6,270
3.8
99,333
5,355

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,224
84,754
67.1
78,855
62.5
5,899
7.0
41,470

128,236
86,488
67.4
82,376
64.2
4,112
4.8
41,748

128,296
87,271
68.0
83,460
65.1
3,812
4.4
41,024

126,224
85,122
67.4
79,711
63.2
5,411
6.4
41,102

126,719
85,735
67.7
81,835
64.6
3,900
4.5
40,983

126,779
86,017
67.8
82,432
65.0
3,585
4.2
40,762

126,832
85,857
67.7
82,508
65.1
3,349
3.9
40,975

128,236
87,074
67.9
83,518
65.1
3,556
4.1
41,162

128,296
87,567
68.3
84,247
65.7
3,320
3.8
40,729

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117,902
81,978
69.5
76,568
64.9
5,410
6.6
35,924

119,612
83,649
69.9
79,879
66.8
3,770
4.5
35,962

119,669
84,390
70.5
80,918
67.6
3,472
4.1
35,280

117,902
82,114
69.6
77,203
65.5
4,911
6.0
35,788

118,406
82,703
69.8
79,164
66.9
3,539
4.3
35,703

118,466
83,007
70.1
79,736
67.3
3,272
3.9
35,459

118,520
82,902
69.9
79,892
67.4
3,010
3.6
35,618

119,612
83,967
70.2
80,767
67.5
3,199
3.8
35,645

119,669
84,446
70.6
81,473
68.1
2,973
3.5
35,224

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134,694
75,254
55.9
70,667
52.5
4,587
6.1
59,440

134,966
76,337
56.6
73,242
54.3
3,095
4.1
58,629

135,028
76,453
56.6
73,483
54.4
2,971
3.9
58,575

134,694
75,236
55.9
70,656
52.5
4,581
6.1
59,458

135,189
75,874
56.1
72,399
53.6
3,475
4.6
59,315

135,250
76,109
56.3
72,892
53.9
3,217
4.2
59,141

135,304
76,437
56.5
73,467
54.3
2,970
3.9
58,867

134,966
76,612
56.8
73,656
54.6
2,957
3.9
58,354

135,028
76,425
56.6
73,475
54.4
2,950
3.9
58,604

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,546
72,445
57.2
68,163
53.9
4,283
5.9
54,101

126,570
73,404
58.0
70,637
55.8
2,767
3.8
53,167

126,631
73,650
58.2
70,931
56.0
2,718
3.7
52,981

126,546
72,255
57.1
68,005
53.7
4,250
5.9
54,291

127,051
72,929
57.4
69,790
54.9
3,139
4.3
54,122

127,112
73,134
57.5
70,257
55.3
2,876
3.9
53,978

127,167
73,455
57.8
70,795
55.7
2,660
3.6
53,712

126,570
73,494
58.1
70,857
56.0
2,637
3.6
53,076

126,631
73,446
58.0
70,775
55.9
2,671
3.6
53,185

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,470
5,585
33.9
4,792
29.1
793
14.2
10,885

17,020
5,772
33.9
5,102
30.0
670
11.6
11,248

17,024
5,685
33.4
5,094
29.9
592
10.4
11,339

16,470
5,989
36.4
5,158
31.3
831
13.9
10,481

16,451
5,978
36.3
5,281
32.1
697
11.7
10,473

16,450
5,985
36.4
5,331
32.4
654
10.9
10,465

16,449
5,936
36.1
5,287
32.1
649
10.9
10,512

17,020
6,226
36.6
5,550
32.6
676
10.9
10,795

17,024
6,100
35.8
5,474
32.2
626
10.3
10,924

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

201,606
123,680
61.3
116,369
57.7
7,312
5.9
77,926

202,819
125,148
61.7
120,320
59.3
4,828
3.9
77,671

202,875
126,014
62.1
121,402
59.8
4,612
3.7
76,861

201,606
123,869
61.4
116,996
58.0
6,873
5.5
77,737

202,138
124,279
61.5
119,376
59.1
4,903
3.9
77,859

202,199
124,677
61.7
120,084
59.4
4,593
3.7
77,521

202,250
124,780
61.7
120,749
59.7
4,032
3.2
77,469

202,819
125,782
62.0
121,497
59.9
4,285
3.4
77,038

202,875
126,139
62.2
121,967
60.1
4,172
3.3
76,736

64,441
69.7
60,565
65.5
3,875
6.0

65,514
70.0
62,913
67.2
2,601
4.0

65,987
70.5
63,583
67.9
2,404
3.6

64,470
69.7
61,024
66.0
3,446
5.3

64,693
69.8
62,374
67.3
2,320
3.6

64,973
70.0
62,835
67.7
2,138
3.3

65,000
70.0
63,047
67.9
1,953
3.0

65,736
70.2
63,612
68.0
2,124
3.2

65,972
70.5
63,995
68.4
1,977
3.0

54,824
56.5
51,985
53.6
2,838
5.2

55,127
57.0
53,334
55.1
1,794
3.3

55,501
57.3
53,737
55.5
1,764
3.2

54,658
56.3
51,846
53.4
2,812
5.1

54,901
56.4
52,800
54.2
2,101
3.8

55,069
56.6
53,030
54.5
2,039
3.7

55,177
56.7
53,493
54.9
1,684
3.1

55,169
57.0
53,449
55.2
1,720
3.1

55,312
57.1
53,571
55.3
1,740
3.1

4,416
36.5
3,818
31.6
598
13.5

4,506
36.1
4,073
32.7
433
9.6

4,525
36.3
4,082
32.7
444
9.8

4,741
39.2
4,126
34.1
616
13.0

4,684
38.8
4,202
34.8
482
10.3

4,635
38.4
4,219
35.0
415
9.0

4,603
38.2
4,209
34.9
395
8.6

4,877
39.1
4,435
35.6
442
9.1

4,855
38.9
4,400
35.3
455
9.4

33,511
20,041
59.8
17,989
53.7
2,052
10.2
13,470

33,978
20,914
61.6
19,392
57.1
1,522
7.3
13,063

34,004
21,003
61.8
19,566
57.5
1,437
6.8
13,001

33,511
20,154
60.1
18,180
54.3
1,973
9.8
13,357

33,699
20,565
61.0
18,962
56.3
1,603
7.8
13,135

33,725
20,477
60.7
19,143
56.8
1,335
6.5
13,248

33,749
20,506
60.8
19,057
56.5
1,449
7.1
13,243

33,978
21,056
62.0
19,597
57.7
1,459
6.9
12,922

34,004
21,145
62.2
19,751
58.1
1,394
6.6
12,859

9,278
65.6
8,261
58.4
1,017
11.0

9,669
67.0
8,934
61.9
735
7.6

9,887
68.4
9,200
63.7
687
6.9

9,340
66.0
8,396
59.3
944
10.1

9,479
66.5
8,699
61.0
780
8.2

9,466
66.4
8,787
61.6
679
7.2

9,378
65.7
8,723
61.1
655
7.0

9,741
67.5
9,051
62.7
690
7.1

9,966
69.0
9,327
64.5
640
6.4

10,120
59.7
9,201
54.2
919
9.1

10,560
61.9
9,921
58.1
639
6.1

10,527
61.6
9,874
57.8
653
6.2

10,123
59.7
9,224
54.4
899
8.9

10,383
60.9
9,673
56.7
710
6.8

10,301
60.3
9,802
57.4
500
4.9

10,445
61.1
9,794
57.3
651
6.2

10,568
61.9
9,954
58.3
614
5.8

10,537
61.7
9,897
57.9
640
6.1

643
26.8
527
22.0
116
18.0

686
27.7
538
21.8
148
21.6

589
23.8
491
19.9
98
16.6

691
28.8
560
23.4
130
18.9

703
29.5
590
24.7
113
16.0

711
29.8
554
23.2
157
22.0

683
28.6
540
22.6
143
21.0

747
30.2
592
24.0
155
20.7

642
26.0
528
21.4
114
17.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Feb.
2021
16,588
10,404
62.7
9,873
59.5
532
5.1
6,184

Jan.
2022
16,903
10,806
63.9
10,403
61.5
403
3.7
6,097

Feb.
2022
16,782
10,567
63.0
10,256
61.1
311
2.9
6,215

Feb.
2021
16,588
10,343
62.4
9,813
59.2
530
5.1
6,245

Oct.
2021
16,485
10,767
65.3
10,310
62.5
457
4.2
5,718

Nov.
2021
16,513
10,781
65.3
10,362
62.8
419
3.9
5,731

Dec.
2021
16,612
10,739
64.6
10,326
62.2
413
3.8
5,873

Jan.
2022
16,903
10,880
64.4
10,492
62.1
388
3.6
6,022

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Feb.
2022
16,782
10,555
62.9
10,231
61.0
324
3.1
6,227

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

44,587
29,145
65.4
26,527
59.5
2,619
9.0
15,442

45,740
30,274
66.2
28,595
62.5
1,679
5.5
15,466

45,816
30,449
66.5
28,991
63.3
1,458
4.8
15,367

44,587
29,154
65.4
26,719
59.9
2,434
8.4
15,434

45,159
29,663
65.7
27,962
61.9
1,701
5.7
15,496

45,232
29,979
66.3
28,432
62.9
1,547
5.2
15,253

45,303
29,883
66.0
28,427
62.7
1,456
4.9
15,420

45,740
30,390
66.4
28,893
63.2
1,497
4.9
15,350

45,816
30,492
66.6
29,136
63.6
1,356
4.4
15,324

15,924
79.1
14,557
72.3
1,368
8.6

16,538
79.8
15,676
75.6
862
5.2

16,678
80.3
15,964
76.9
713
4.3

15,904
79.0
14,715
73.1
1,189
7.5

16,213
79.4
15,410
75.5
803
5.0

16,422
80.3
15,681
76.7
741
4.5

16,266
79.4
15,580
76.1
687
4.2

16,586
80.0
15,867
76.6
719
4.3

16,700
80.4
16,086
77.5
614
3.7

11,845
58.0
10,829
53.0
1,016
8.6

12,367
59.5
11,717
56.4
651
5.3

12,425
59.7
11,809
56.7
616
5.0

11,829
57.9
10,829
53.0
1,001
8.5

12,054
58.3
11,374
55.0
680
5.6

12,170
58.7
11,531
55.7
639
5.3

12,288
59.2
11,682
56.3
606
4.9

12,383
59.6
11,775
56.6
608
4.9

12,403
59.6
11,802
56.7
601
4.8

1,376
34.1
1,141
28.3
235
17.0

1,369
32.4
1,203
28.5
166
12.1

1,346
31.8
1,218
28.8
129
9.6

1,420
35.2
1,175
29.2
245
17.3

1,396
34.3
1,178
29.0
218
15.6

1,387
34.1
1,220
30.0
167
12.1

1,328
32.6
1,165
28.6
163
12.2

1,421
33.6
1,251
29.6
170
12.0

1,389
32.8
1,248
29.5
141
10.2

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,600
44.2
7,579
38.9
1,021
11.9

8,762
44.9
8,044
41.2
719
8.2

8,647
45.2
8,141
42.5
507
5.9

8,928
45.8
8,030
41.2
898
10.1

9,025
46.4
8,368
43.1
657
7.3

8,791
45.1
8,304
42.6
487
5.5

8,712
44.8
8,255
42.5
457
5.2

8,687
44.5
8,142
41.7
545
6.3

8,962
46.8
8,574
44.8
388
4.3

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34,436
54.7
31,750
50.4
2,686
7.8

36,764
56.7
34,877
53.8
1,887
5.1

36,577
56.2
34,793
53.5
1,784
4.9

34,440
54.7
31,980
50.8
2,461
7.1

35,282
55.0
33,395
52.1
1,888
5.4

35,444
55.7
33,615
52.9
1,829
5.2

35,828
55.7
34,188
53.1
1,640
4.6

37,064
57.2
35,361
54.6
1,703
4.6

36,589
56.2
34,953
53.7
1,636
4.5

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,489
62.8
33,292
58.9
2,197
6.2

35,182
62.9
33,871
60.5
1,311
3.7

35,337
63.5
33,931
61.0
1,406
4.0

35,493
62.8
33,406
59.1
2,087
5.9

35,394
62.8
33,863
60.1
1,531
4.3

35,417
62.6
34,105
60.2
1,312
3.7

35,477
62.7
34,204
60.4
1,274
3.6

35,320
63.1
34,059
60.9
1,261
3.6

35,391
63.6
34,060
61.2
1,331
3.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

61,437
72.6
59,092
69.8
2,344
3.8

61,803
72.7
60,349
71.0
1,454
2.4

62,734
73.3
61,375
71.7
1,359
2.2

60,790
71.9
58,459
69.1
2,331
3.8

60,951
71.9
59,477
70.1
1,473
2.4

61,317
72.0
59,937
70.4
1,380
2.2

61,134
72.3
59,860
70.8
1,274
2.1

61,699
72.6
60,294
70.9
1,404
2.3

62,003
72.4
60,656
70.9
1,347
2.2

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Feb.
2021

Men
Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Women
Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,942
9,073
47.9
8,576
45.3
497
5.5
9,869

18,469
8,971
48.6
8,686
47.0
285
3.2
9,498

16,935
7,928
46.8
7,501
44.3
427
5.4
9,007

16,448
7,770
47.2
7,540
45.8
230
3.0
8,678

2,007
1,145
57.0
1,075
53.6
70
6.1
862

2,021
1,202
59.5
1,146
56.7
56
4.6
819

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,615
3,621
78.5
3,406
73.8
215
5.9
994

4,814
3,840
79.8
3,718
77.2
122
3.2
974

3,795
3,057
80.5
2,892
76.2
164
5.4
739

3,911
3,178
81.3
3,088
79.0
90
2.8
733

819
564
68.9
514
62.7
51
9.0
255

904
662
73.3
630
69.8
32
4.8
241

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,308
2,457
74.3
2,371
71.7
87
3.5
851

3,264
2,433
74.6
2,376
72.8
57
2.3
831

2,803
2,115
75.5
2,040
72.8
75
3.6
688

2,810
2,104
74.9
2,063
73.4
42
2.0
706

506
343
67.8
331
65.5
12
3.4
163

453
329
72.6
314
69.1
16
4.7
124

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,836
1,170
17.1
1,115
16.3
55
4.7
5,666

6,345
985
15.5
939
14.8
46
4.7
5,360

6,572
1,137
17.3
1,083
16.5
55
4.8
5,435

6,093
943
15.5
901
14.8
42
4.5
5,150

264
33
12.4
33
12.4
0
–
231

252
42
16.7
38
15.1
4
–
210

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,183
1,825
43.6
1,684
40.3
140
7.7
2,358

4,046
1,713
42.3
1,652
40.8
61
3.5
2,333

3,765
1,620
43.0
1,487
39.5
133
8.2
2,145

3,634
1,545
42.5
1,488
41.0
56
3.7
2,089

418
205
49.1
198
47.3
8
3.7
213

412
168
40.8
164
39.8
4
2.5
244

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

233,133
148,936
63.9
139,237
59.7
9,699
6.5
84,197

235,694
152,438
64.7
146,175
62.0
6,263
4.1
83,256

104,622
75,818
72.5
70,508
67.4
5,310
7.0
28,805

107,147
78,383
73.2
74,906
69.9
3,477
4.4
28,763

128,510
73,118
56.9
68,728
53.5
4,390
6.0
55,392

128,548
74,055
57.6
71,269
55.4
2,786
3.8
54,493

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

Persons with no disability
Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

29,950
5,961
19.9
5,210
17.4
751
12.6
23,989

32,014
7,250
22.6
6,613
20.7
637
8.8
24,764

230,968
154,047
66.7
144,312
62.5
9,735
6.3
76,921

231,310
156,474
67.6
150,329
65.0
6,145
3.9
74,835

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,518
33.2
2,166
28.5
352
14.0
5,076

3,079
38.0
2,780
34.3
299
9.7
5,025

76,486
81.7
71,255
76.1
5,231
6.8
17,157

78,013
82.4
74,747
78.9
3,266
4.2
16,702

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,460
33.7
2,119
29.1
341
13.9
4,834

2,905
35.3
2,624
31.9
281
9.7
5,330

68,282
70.5
64,245
66.3
4,037
5.9
28,574

68,898
71.5
66,316
68.8
2,582
3.7
27,444

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

983
6.5
924
6.1
59
6.0
14,079

1,266
8.1
1,209
7.7
57
4.5
14,409

9,279
22.9
8,812
21.8
467
5.0
31,191

9,563
23.8
9,265
23.0
298
3.1
30,689

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Feb.
2021

Men
Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Women
Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

43,373
27,946
64.4
25,862
59.6
2,084
7.5
15,428

44,718
29,229
65.4
28,138
62.9
1,092
3.7
15,489

21,082
16,127
76.5
14,990
71.1
1,137
7.0
4,956

21,761
16,758
77.0
16,173
74.3
585
3.5
5,003

22,291
11,819
53.0
10,872
48.8
947
8.0
10,472

22,957
12,471
54.3
11,965
52.1
506
4.1
10,486

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

217,545
132,062
60.7
123,660
56.8
8,402
6.4
85,483

218,606
134,495
61.5
128,805
58.9
5,691
4.2
84,110

105,142
68,628
65.3
63,865
60.7
4,762
6.9
36,515

106,534
70,513
66.2
67,287
63.2
3,226
4.6
36,021

112,403
63,435
56.4
59,795
53.2
3,640
5.7
48,968

112,071
63,982
57.1
61,518
54.9
2,464
3.9
48,089

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

2,184
1,450
676
58
147,338
138,602
21,218
117,383
604
116,779
8,665
72

2,224
1,454
735
36
153,394
144,501
21,593
122,907
575
122,332
8,830
64

2,262
1,457
771
34
154,681
145,611
21,375
124,235
572
123,663
9,002
69

2,307
1,521
711
–
147,887
139,265
20,809
118,226
–
117,567
8,827
–

2,296
1,501
769
–
152,070
142,194
20,511
122,175
–
121,460
9,465
–

2,212
1,434
744
–
152,933
143,816
20,750
123,416
–
122,796
9,256
–

2,308
1,477
785
–
153,409
144,474
21,097
123,172
–
122,484
9,282
–

2,326
1,501
771
–
154,598
145,993
21,274
124,240
–
123,512
9,089
–

2,383
1,525
801
–
155,094
146,263
20,971
124,886
–
124,144
9,175
–

6,309
4,958
1,124
19,042

4,176
2,828
935
20,105

4,349
2,946
1,089
21,301

6,099
4,731
1,122
18,458

4,398
3,108
961
20,539

4,266
2,903
1,059
20,440

3,929
2,594
1,082
20,315

3,717
2,430
969
20,198

4,135
2,707
1,060
20,667

6,199
4,887
1,116
18,670

4,094
2,782
927
19,738

4,278
2,900
1,084
20,894

6,031
4,670
1,112
18,097

4,273
3,032
962
20,200

4,244
2,869
1,056
20,075

3,898
2,578
1,079
19,951

3,620
2,400
960
19,839

4,105
2,672
1,053
20,275

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

149,522
4,792
1,709
3,082
144,730
13,017
131,714
96,364
33,966
32,061
30,337
35,350

155,618
5,102
1,965
3,137
150,516
13,376
137,141
100,214
34,726
34,050
31,437
36,927

156,942
5,094
2,082
3,012
151,849
13,609
138,240
100,923
35,052
34,443
31,427
37,317

150,367
5,158
1,911
3,265
145,208
13,233
131,912
96,560
34,030
32,177
30,354
35,352

154,234
5,281
1,992
3,289
148,953
13,718
135,282
98,795
35,029
33,042
30,723
36,487

155,324
5,331
2,087
3,243
149,993
13,824
136,065
99,396
35,347
33,174
30,875
36,669

155,975
5,287
2,075
3,214
150,688
13,870
136,605
99,740
35,352
33,454
30,934
36,865

157,174
5,550
2,188
3,378
151,624
13,756
137,840
100,647
34,985
34,147
31,515
37,193

157,722
5,474
2,295
3,205
152,248
13,834
138,412
101,109
35,125
34,535
31,448
37,304

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

78,855
2,287
846
1,442
76,568
6,623
69,945
51,162
18,042
17,281
15,839
18,783

82,376
2,497
899
1,599
79,879
6,797
73,082
53,236
18,346
18,264
16,626
19,846

83,460
2,542
1,014
1,528
80,918
6,891
74,027
53,898
18,667
18,566
16,665
20,129

79,711
2,508
965
1,564
77,203
6,780
70,405
51,494
18,168
17,412
15,915
18,911

81,835
2,672
984
1,691
79,164
6,972
72,181
52,717
18,715
17,784
16,218
19,464

82,432
2,696
1,017
1,686
79,736
7,100
72,535
52,894
18,797
17,845
16,252
19,641

82,508
2,616
970
1,655
79,892
7,070
72,702
52,992
18,793
17,899
16,300
19,710

83,518
2,751
1,022
1,744
80,767
7,032
73,752
53,693
18,555
18,420
16,718
20,059

84,247
2,774
1,131
1,659
81,473
7,059
74,457
54,227
18,788
18,696
16,743
20,230

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

70,667
2,504
864
1,641
68,163
6,394
61,769
45,202
15,925
14,779
14,497
16,567

73,242
2,605
1,067
1,538
70,637
6,578
64,059
46,978
16,380
15,786
14,811
17,081

73,483
2,551
1,068
1,483
70,931
6,718
64,213
47,025
16,385
15,878
14,762
17,188

70,656
2,651
947
1,702
68,005
6,453
61,507
45,066
15,862
14,765
14,439
16,441

72,399
2,609
1,008
1,598
69,790
6,746
63,101
46,078
16,314
15,258
14,505
17,023

72,892
2,635
1,070
1,557
70,257
6,724
63,530
46,502
16,550
15,329
14,623
17,029

73,467
2,671
1,105
1,558
70,795
6,799
63,904
46,748
16,559
15,555
14,635
17,156

73,656
2,799
1,166
1,634
70,857
6,725
64,088
46,954
16,430
15,727
14,798
17,134

73,475
2,699
1,164
1,546
70,775
6,775
63,955
46,882
16,338
15,838
14,705
17,074

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43,887
35,044
9,367

45,145
36,004
9,983

45,572
36,146
9,958

43,971
34,801
–

43,794
34,988
–

44,209
35,328
–

44,437
35,557
–

45,342
35,885
–

45,648
35,870
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,981
25,541

129,747
25,871

130,712
26,230

125,112
25,168

128,409
25,903

129,388
25,956

130,191
25,681

131,164
25,817

131,806
25,801

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,787
4.5

7,337
4.7

7,557
4.8

6,681
4.4

6,984
4.5

7,065
4.5

7,395
4.7

7,486
4.8

7,431
4.7

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,670
9,341

6,366
9,564

6,291
9,772

–
9,538

–
10,234

–
10,000

–
10,067

–
9,860

–
9,976

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,992
831
324
510
9,161
1,429
7,805
5,792
2,334
1,898
1,561
2,000

6,513
676
278
400
5,837
1,080
4,851
3,667
1,580
1,242
845
1,203

6,270
626
259
362
5,644
1,124
4,657
3,495
1,517
1,178
800
1,158

6.2
13.9
14.5
13.5
5.9
9.7
5.6
5.7
6.4
5.6
4.9
5.4

4.6
11.7
10.1
12.6
4.3
7.2
4.0
4.1
4.8
3.8
3.7
3.6

4.2
10.9
10.4
11.6
3.9
7.4
3.6
3.7
4.3
3.8
3.1
3.2

3.9
10.9
10.8
11.5
3.6
7.1
3.3
3.5
4.3
3.3
2.8
3.0

4.0
10.9
11.3
10.6
3.7
7.3
3.4
3.5
4.3
3.5
2.6
3.1

3.8
10.3
10.2
10.1
3.6
7.5
3.3
3.3
4.1
3.3
2.5
3.0

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,411
500
174
327
4,911
785
4,179
3,046
1,287
999
760
1,133

3,556
357
159
198
3,199
659
2,614
1,954
862
674
418
660

3,320
347
113
234
2,973
601
2,484
1,805
767
639
399
679

6.4
16.6
15.3
17.3
6.0
10.4
5.6
5.6
6.6
5.4
4.6
5.7

4.5
11.9
9.8
13.2
4.3
8.2
3.9
4.0
5.0
3.7
3.2
3.5

4.2
10.4
11.1
10.5
3.9
8.0
3.6
3.8
4.4
3.9
2.9
3.0

3.9
11.5
10.7
12.6
3.6
7.7
3.3
3.5
4.5
3.3
2.5
2.7

4.1
11.5
13.5
10.2
3.8
8.6
3.4
3.5
4.4
3.5
2.4
3.2

3.8
11.1
9.0
12.4
3.5
7.8
3.2
3.2
3.9
3.3
2.3
3.2

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,581
331
150
183
4,250
644
3,627
2,746
1,046
899
801
891

2,957
319
119
203
2,637
421
2,237
1,713
718
568
427
548

2,950
279
147
128
2,671
523
2,173
1,690
750
539
400
509

6.1
11.1
13.6
9.7
5.9
9.1
5.6
5.7
6.2
5.7
5.3
5.1

4.6
11.4
10.4
12.0
4.3
6.3
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.0
4.3
3.6

4.2
11.4
9.7
12.7
3.9
6.7
3.6
3.7
4.1
3.8
3.2
3.5

3.9
10.4
10.8
10.2
3.6
6.5
3.3
3.5
4.1
3.2
3.1
3.2

3.9
10.2
9.3
11.0
3.6
5.9
3.4
3.5
4.2
3.5
2.8
3.1

3.9
9.4
11.2
7.6
3.6
7.2
3.3
3.5
4.4
3.3
2.7
2.9

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,759
1,547
784

913
897
527

870
860
557

3.8
4.3
7.7

2.5
3.0
5.9

2.3
2.8
4.8

1.9
2.5
5.6

2.0
2.4
5.0

1.9
2.3
5.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,428
1,616

5,367
1,196

5,245
1,084

6.3
6.0

4.6
4.7

4.2
4.1

3.9
4.2

3.9
4.4

3.8
4.0

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Seasonally adjusted

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

7,051
2,546
4,505
3,547
958
706
2,183
546

3,924
1,467
2,458
1,707
750
948
1,973
362

3,473
1,164
2,309
1,641
668
964
1,971
374

6,609
2,264
4,345
3,483
862
706
2,138
573

3,700
1,041
2,659
2,102
557
845
2,206
537

3,369
875
2,493
1,905
589
837
2,154
452

3,095
812
2,283
1,703
580
724
2,038
513

3,220
959
2,261
1,630
632
952
1,959
433

3,044
888
2,156
1,583
573
963
1,947
417

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

67.2
24.3
43.0
6.7
20.8
5.2

54.5
20.4
34.1
13.1
27.4
5.0

51.2
17.2
34.0
14.2
29.1
5.5

65.9
22.6
43.3
7.0
21.3
5.7

50.8
14.3
36.5
11.6
30.3
7.4

49.4
12.8
36.6
12.3
31.6
6.6

48.6
12.8
35.8
11.4
32.0
8.1

49.1
14.6
34.5
14.5
29.8
6.6

47.8
13.9
33.8
15.1
30.6
6.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

4.4
0.4
1.4
0.3

2.4
0.6
1.2
0.2

2.1
0.6
1.2
0.2

4.1
0.4
1.3
0.4

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.3

2.1
0.5
1.3
0.3

1.9
0.4
1.3
0.3

2.0
0.6
1.2
0.3

1.9
0.6
1.2
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,051
2,693
5,742
1,523
4,219

2,888
1,765
2,554
856
1,698

1,980
2,158
2,644
879
1,765

2,234
2,285
5,539
1,383
4,156

2,051
1,876
3,340
1,001
2,339

1,985
1,703
3,063
870
2,193

1,977
1,571
2,788
780
2,008

2,417
1,607
2,507
816
1,691

2,131
1,800
2,437
735
1,702

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.2
18.3

23.0
8.5

26.0
9.9

27.8
17.9

26.9
13.0

29.1
13.4

28.6
12.9

24.6
10.1

26.6
9.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19.6
25.7
54.8
14.5
40.2

40.1
24.5
35.4
11.9
23.6

29.2
31.8
39.0
13.0
26.0

22.2
22.7
55.1
13.8
41.3

28.2
25.8
46.0
13.8
32.2

29.4
25.2
45.4
12.9
32.5

31.2
24.8
44.0
12.3
31.7

37.0
24.6
38.4
12.5
25.9

33.5
28.3
38.3
11.5
26.7

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

149,522
64,471

156,942
67,754

10,486
2,158

6,782
1,490

6.6
3.2

4.1
2.2

27,414
37,058
22,574
30,450
14,630
15,819

29,131
38,624
24,228
31,383
14,927
16,456

990
1,167
2,594
2,024
1,031
993

638
852
1,400
1,311
565
747

3.5
3.1
10.3
6.2
6.6
5.9

2.1
2.2
5.5
4.0
3.6
4.3

13,209
1,006
7,497
4,706

14,091
963
8,286
4,842

1,411
141
1,003
267

917
119
664
134

9.7
12.3
11.8
5.4

6.1
11.0
7.4
2.7

18,818
7,766
11,052

19,485
7,993
11,492

1,745
579
1,166

1,270
413
856

8.5
6.9
9.5

6.1
4.9
6.9

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

10,486
8,516
132
921
724
423
301
1,368
622
155
387
1,152
899
1,673
483
167
603
654

6,782
5,479
29
677
497
324
174
983
409
91
246
737
754
849
207
144
386
399

6.6
6.8
19.3
9.6
4.8
4.4
5.4
6.8
8.4
6.2
3.7
6.8
3.7
13.5
7.7
10.5
2.8
6.5

4.1
4.2
5.0
6.7
3.2
3.3
3.1
4.9
5.1
3.7
2.4
3.9
3.0
6.6
3.5
9.4
1.8
3.9

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Feb.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Oct.
2021

Nov.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022

Feb.
2022

3.6

1.6

1.6

3.5

2.1

1.9

1.7

1.5

1.5

4.4

2.4

2.1

4.1

2.3

2.1

1.9

2.0

1.9

6.6

4.4

4.1

6.2

4.6

4.2

3.9

4.0

3.8

6.9

4.7

4.4

6.5

4.8

4.5

4.2

4.2

4.1

7.7

5.4

5.0

7.3

5.5

5.1

4.9

4.9

4.7

11.6

7.9

7.6

11.1

8.2

7.7

7.3

7.1

7.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Feb.
2021

Men
Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Women
Feb.
2022

Feb.
2021

Feb.
2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

100,910
6,902
1,942
529
1,413

99,600
5,299
1,496
393
1,103

41,470
3,323
1,053
275
778

41,024
2,493
749
214
535

59,440
3,579
889
253
636

58,575
2,806
747
178
569

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,787
4.5
3,739
1,756
321
941

7,557
4.8
4,243
1,993
288
997

3,238
4.1
1,920
586
173
542

3,682
4.4
2,286
696
173
508

3,549
5.0
1,819
1,169
148
399

3,875
5.3
1,957
1,297
115
489

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

142,129
120,136
19,670

150,352
127,922
20,617

147,510
125,478
20,257

148,967
126,583
20,452

143,727
121,922
20,072

149,240
127,099
20,691

149,721
127,547
20,715

150,399
128,201
20,820

Change
from:
Jan.2022 Feb.2022p
678
654
105

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

531
48.0
483.3
112.0
167.9
37.8
40.8

589
44.7
544.5
125.5
174.1
36.4
42.2

581
44.8
536.2
124.9
171.1
36.7
42.3

591
45.1
546.1
127.4
171.1
37.0
42.4

542
47.6
494.1
113.0
173.3
37.6
41.1

590
44.6
545.3
124.6
176.3
36.5
42.3

591
44.6
546.8
125.8
176.2
36.6
42.5

600
44.5
555.8
128.2
176.7
36.8
42.6

9
-0.1
9.0
2.4
0.5
0.2
0.1

89.3
203.4

95.5
244.9

92.1
240.2

91.7
247.6

94.5
207.8

97.6
244.4

97.1
244.8

97.3
250.9

0.2
6.1

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

6,970
1,579.4
823.4
756.0
928.0
4,463.0
2,067.6
2,395.4

7,449
1,665.4
874.8
790.6
1,018.1
4,765.8
2,191.4
2,574.4

7,191
1,633.5
858.4
775.1
951.8
4,605.7
2,127.7
2,478.0

7,293
1,642.8
866.5
776.3
975.8
4,674.2
2,172.7
2,501.5

7,308
1,631.1
849.0
782.1
1,018.7
4,658.4
2,150.2
2,508.2

7,546
1,678.9
880.1
798.8
1,060.7
4,806.8
2,217.2
2,589.6

7,553
1,684.1
884.4
799.7
1,057.3
4,811.2
2,219.2
2,592.0

7,613
1,693.0
891.1
801.9
1,064.6
4,855.4
2,243.5
2,611.9

60
8.9
6.7
2.2
7.3
44.2
24.3
19.9

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,169

12,579

12,485

12,568

12,222

12,555

12,571

12,607

36

7,571
402.8
385.0
343.6
1,358.8
1,040.8
1,051.0
155.9
85.5

7,819
418.5
402.7
358.1
1,410.6
1,068.2
1,067.7
159.3
83.9

7,781
419.9
398.0
357.5
1,406.6
1,067.6
1,063.8
159.6
84.7

7,823
425.0
400.6
361.2
1,418.8
1,079.1
1,069.6
159.6
84.8

7,600
402.6
399.8
344.0
1,367.2
1,041.9
1,052.4
156.1
85.4

7,816
418.7
408.4
356.7
1,412.0
1,068.5
1,065.9
159.2
84.8

7,825
421.1
411.9
358.2
1,415.7
1,071.8
1,067.4
159.8
84.8

7,845
423.2
414.9
361.1
1,426.2
1,080.1
1,070.5
159.9
84.6

20
2.1
3.0
2.9
10.5
8.3
3.1
0.1
-0.2

365.1
414.5

371.3
422.1

370.7
418.7

373.7
421.0

365.1
415.3

371.0
420.4

372.8
419.5

373.7
421.4

0.9
1.9

30.0
384.4
1,642.1
955.6
368.5

31.1
401.1
1,678.3
994.8
385.3

30.1
400.4
1,661.5
979.3
380.5

30.5
406.5
1,647.1
959.9
384.7

30.6
384.8
1,639.8
954.7
370.0

30.5
402.4
1,672.7
984.6
383.6

30.4
402.1
1,665.4
981.1
382.3

30.8
406.1
1,644.7
963.1
385.3

0.4
4.0
-20.7
-18.0
3.0

593.5

628.4

625.4

630.6

597.3

626.6

629.2

632.6

3.4

4,598
1,618.5
95.0
102.4
91.0
349.7
359.7
103.5
862.5
719.7

4,760
1,669.7
100.4
106.2
94.8
351.7
377.9
104.6
880.6
739.7

4,704
1,647.5
99.5
105.4
92.4
352.4
369.1
99.7
876.4
732.5

4,745
1,663.6
99.9
105.8
95.8
357.0
367.4
102.1
877.2
740.2

4,622
1,630.5
95.7
102.4
91.4
349.5
363.6
106.9
861.8
713.7

4,739
1,658.2
100.3
105.5
94.1
351.4
373.5
105.3
878.0
733.1

4,746
1,664.0
100.2
105.4
94.4
352.9
371.6
103.7
878.6
733.1

4,762
1,671.2
100.5
105.5
95.4
356.0
371.4
105.3
877.0
733.1

16
7.2
0.3
0.1
1.0
3.1
-0.2
1.6
-1.6
0.0

295.6

333.9

329.0

335.9

306.0

339.7

342.2

346.5

4.3

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

100,466

107,305

105,221

106,131

101,850

106,408

106,832

107,381

549

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,085

29,043

28,282

28,145

27,403

28,163

28,296

28,399

103

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,589.4
3,075.9
2,033.6

5,761.0
3,170.8
2,106.3

5,723.3
3,157.6
2,089.5

5,751.9
3,175.7
2,097.5

5,622.4
3,085.4
2,056.8

5,749.7
3,166.6
2,103.9

5,762.0
3,173.2
2,112.2

5,780.3
3,183.2
2,118.5

18.3
10.0
6.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2022p

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Change
from:
Jan.2022 Feb.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

479.9

483.9

476.2

478.7

480.2

479.2

476.6

478.6

2.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,049.0
1,909.6
1,216.0
153.1
540.5
432.3
417.4

16,054.9
1,943.6
1,224.7
163.9
555.0
460.4
454.8

15,637.4
1,929.0
1,216.6
159.4
553.0
444.7
434.6

15,493.8
1,937.3
1,221.6
161.5
554.2
445.0
433.1

15,292.6
1,927.3
1,220.5
161.4
545.4
436.4
423.1

15,595.1
1,950.9
1,226.4
170.6
553.9
445.8
432.2

15,664.3
1,951.7
1,224.9
170.3
556.4
441.9
431.5

15,701.2
1,954.3
1,225.7
170.4
558.1
447.5
433.9

36.9
2.6
0.8
0.1
1.7
5.6
2.4

1,362.5
3,154.2
999.0
914.4
952.9

1,353.3
3,159.6
1,084.2
952.4
1,161.3

1,337.3
3,113.9
1,085.5
946.4
1,095.5

1,364.6
3,130.8
1,072.7
949.5
1,052.0

1,413.4
3,152.6
1,004.7
929.2
994.7

1,392.0
3,120.9
1,064.3
952.2
1,068.1

1,398.5
3,116.6
1,075.4
957.6
1,079.3

1,410.6
3,121.0
1,077.0
962.4
1,083.9

12.1
4.4
1.6
4.8
4.6

504.5
3,024.5
905.7

559.4
3,409.5
1,078.7

541.0
3,245.3
989.9

529.6
3,116.9
950.9

516.5
3,096.4
936.7

527.7
3,158.4
952.6

537.1
3,186.0
966.1

541.4
3,184.9
975.0

4.3
-1.1
8.9

2,118.8
766.2
611.5

2,330.8
834.1
682.3

2,255.4
816.7
647.5

2,166.0
823.3
639.0

2,159.7
778.4
619.9

2,205.8
831.2
651.4

2,219.9
837.9
650.8

2,209.9
834.9
649.4

-10.0
-3.0
-1.4

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,906.9
436.3
145.5
54.6
1,470.4

6,689.0
514.1
145.7
56.4
1,545.2

6,382.4
519.1
145.7
55.4
1,529.9

6,361.7
527.3
145.7
55.7
1,533.1

5,945.7
438.8
145.8
56.7
1,488.3

6,279.7
517.2
146.1
57.2
1,538.9

6,330.8
523.9
146.1
57.2
1,543.7

6,378.4
530.8
146.0
57.5
1,549.1

47.6
6.9
-0.1
0.3
5.4

368.9
48.7
13.4
697.8
1,071.4
1,599.9

404.4
51.1
22.1
763.3
1,414.9
1,771.8

396.9
50.7
21.3
756.5
1,165.5
1,741.4

405.8
50.8
22.2
768.9
1,109.7
1,742.5

357.5
49.0
19.1
701.4
1,094.8
1,594.3

387.4
51.2
25.7
754.6
1,087.5
1,713.9

388.0
51.0
26.9
761.5
1,105.0
1,727.5

393.5
51.1
27.3
770.5
1,114.4
1,738.2

5.5
0.1
0.4
9.0
9.4
10.7

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

539.9

538.0

538.4

537.1

542.1

538.1

539.1

539.1

0.0

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,749
779.4

2,925
806.8

2,884
804.1

2,910
805.1

2,758
781.3

2,913
803.0

2,923
806.3

2,923
807.6

0
1.3

306.3
246.4
680.2

429.3
234.2
661.2

400.6
229.7
654.5

417.0
234.7
654.3

318.1
244.5
677.2

427.1
233.8
655.3

431.1
231.1
653.4

431.0
232.4
651.9

-0.1
1.3
-1.5

372.4
364.2

405.1
388.5

404.9
390.0

407.7
391.3

370.7
365.8

402.6
390.9

407.2
393.8

406.2
394.0

-1.0
0.2

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,674
6,503.4
20.8

8,893
6,572.1
20.8

8,804
6,533.7
20.6

8,854
6,561.1
20.7

8,724
6,510.9
20.9

8,863
6,547.9
20.7

8,866
6,549.4
20.7

8,901
6,565.6
20.8

35
16.2
0.1

2,708.8
1,752.0
1,372.7
628.1
328.7

2,710.5
1,730.7
1,342.1
643.7
336.1

2,707.5
1,731.3
1,342.4
639.5
336.7

2,714.7
1,734.5
1,343.5
642.7
337.5

2,711.3
1,753.4
1,372.2
628.9
329.0

2,706.4
1,732.0
1,344.3
639.5
334.9

2,709.6
1,732.5
1,344.0
640.6
336.5

2,715.3
1,734.5
1,343.0
643.0
337.8

5.7
2.0
-1.0
2.4
1.3

970.1
2,803.7
2,170.5
1,691.7
458.5

1,016.9
2,823.9
2,320.9
1,793.5
506.7

999.4
2,806.2
2,270.1
1,750.6
499.6

1,007.4
2,818.3
2,293.3
1,769.8
503.5

973.6
2,805.1
2,213.2
1,717.9
474.6

1,011.0
2,809.8
2,314.8
1,783.2
511.2

1,007.0
2,812.1
2,316.3
1,780.8
515.2

1,011.1
2,818.4
2,335.1
1,796.6
518.2

4.1
6.3
18.8
15.8
3.0

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2022p

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Change
from:
Jan.2022 Feb.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

20.3

20.7

19.9

20.0

20.7

20.4

20.3

20.3

0.0

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,649
9,682.2
1,137.7
1,107.0
1,492.6
134.8

21,964
10,214.7
1,182.7
1,075.1
1,589.6
149.7

21,520
10,169.6
1,168.4
1,100.2
1,577.9
144.0

21,790
10,270.3
1,169.1
1,147.1
1,584.0
145.8

20,902
9,636.6
1,141.6
1,013.3
1,511.9
136.0

21,821
10,173.4
1,173.8
1,069.7
1,590.4
147.7

21,894
10,199.0
1,174.3
1,061.5
1,599.1
146.3

21,989
10,231.0
1,174.2
1,060.7
1,603.5
147.0

95
32.0
-0.1
-0.8
4.4
0.7

2,248.1

2,368.3

2,374.2

2,383.8

2,246.2

2,368.5

2,376.7

2,381.2

4.5

1,572.6

1,721.0

1,700.5

1,713.8

1,581.9

1,702.0

1,712.6

1,722.1

9.5

794.9
436.0
758.5
2,322.9
8,643.9
8,200.0
523.9
156.6
3,412.7
2,784.8
822.6

851.7
463.5
813.1
2,356.3
9,392.5
8,924.8
562.2
154.7
3,917.3
3,207.1
825.2

846.0
457.6
800.8
2,346.7
9,004.0
8,548.6
563.0
153.3
3,689.9
3,001.9
808.5

854.8
466.1
805.8
2,357.1
9,162.3
8,706.7
570.2
153.4
3,813.2
3,113.9
805.7

800.2
437.2
768.4
2,333.8
8,931.5
8,480.6
527.5
156.9
3,514.2
2,870.2
818.7

850.2
460.8
810.2
2,350.5
9,297.1
8,834.4
563.5
154.4
3,776.7
3,077.3
800.0

852.1
463.2
813.1
2,355.0
9,340.2
8,879.0
567.7
153.6
3,812.8
3,110.7
801.0

860.4
466.1
815.8
2,367.2
9,391.0
8,927.7
573.9
153.8
3,856.9
3,146.2
800.6

8.3
2.9
2.7
12.2
50.8
48.7
6.2
0.2
44.1
35.5
-0.4

128.0
905.5
1,967.8
282.9

143.5
918.1
2,101.1
302.7

142.4
901.7
1,991.1
298.7

144.4
906.4
2,009.7
303.7

133.0
911.1
2,132.3
286.9

146.0
910.3
2,176.3
307.1

146.8
913.3
2,177.7
306.1

149.1
911.8
2,174.6
307.1

2.3
-1.5
-3.1
1.0

443.9

467.7

455.4

455.6

450.9

462.7

461.2

463.3

2.1

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,503
3,594.8
19,908.4
15,920.2
7,739.4
2,696.7
968.6
974.3
984.2
301.7
1,500.4

24,090
3,788.5
20,301.9
16,167.6
8,043.6
2,797.0
1,016.0
1,057.3
1,012.7
311.7
1,534.7

23,751
3,610.3
20,140.2
16,053.3
7,979.5
2,775.2
1,018.9
1,050.4
1,002.6
306.5
1,512.3

24,147
3,857.0
20,289.5
16,146.5
8,055.4
2,800.0
1,019.8
1,064.5
1,006.1
310.4
1,539.5

23,454
3,488.1
19,965.5
15,965.0
7,764.7
2,704.0
975.5
979.5
984.5
299.8
1,509.3

23,939
3,709.2
20,230.0
16,103.8
8,006.8
2,780.5
1,017.3
1,052.6
1,006.3
309.1
1,527.8

23,972
3,728.9
20,243.1
16,121.3
8,023.3
2,790.3
1,022.2
1,056.4
1,005.7
306.6
1,526.3

24,084
3,746.5
20,337.3
16,184.8
8,076.9
2,805.4
1,025.9
1,068.5
1,007.3
309.2
1,546.0

112
17.6
94.2
63.5
53.6
15.1
3.7
12.1
1.6
2.6
19.7

313.5
5,114.8
3,066.0
1,400.8
613.4

314.2
5,142.7
2,981.3
1,352.4
599.8

313.6
5,117.4
2,956.4
1,346.3
591.8

315.1
5,122.3
2,968.8
1,346.3
595.4

312.2
5,121.1
3,079.2
1,406.3
614.9

313.3
5,126.4
2,970.6
1,346.2
598.2

315.9
5,125.6
2,972.4
1,350.0
595.4

314.5
5,128.3
2,979.6
1,351.6
596.6

-1.4
2.7
7.2
1.6
1.2

896.7
155.1
3,988.2
2,665.5
191.9
266.1
864.7

875.0
154.1
4,134.3
2,742.7
198.2
274.0
919.4

863.9
154.4
4,086.9
2,705.1
195.5
269.1
917.2

871.7
155.4
4,143.0
2,740.9
198.7
271.2
932.2

902.0
156.1
4,000.5
2,671.5
192.2
269.6
867.2

871.1
155.0
4,126.2
2,738.1
196.2
274.7
917.2

871.4
155.6
4,121.8
2,727.8
195.8
275.4
922.8

875.4
156.0
4,152.5
2,748.5
198.2
275.1
930.7

4.0
0.4
30.7
20.7
2.4
-0.3
7.9

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,540
1,556.6
282.3

14,804
2,049.6
448.7

14,459
1,950.9
388.7

14,720
1,999.7
409.9

13,270
1,795.8
323.0

15,105
2,192.3
452.2

15,272
2,211.0
449.1

15,451
2,239.0
453.1

179
28.0
4.0

117.5

146.5

137.2

138.7

131.8

148.2

149.9

152.0

2.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Change
from:
Jan.2022 Feb.2022p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,156.8
10,983.8
1,229.0
9,754.8

1,454.4
12,754.7
1,567.7
11,187.0

1,425.0
12,507.9
1,533.1
10,974.8

1,451.1
12,720.4
1,563.8
11,156.6

1,341.0
11,473.7
1,338.0
10,135.7

1,591.9
12,912.9
1,624.7
11,288.2

1,612.0
13,061.0
1,648.1
11,412.9

1,633.9
13,212.2
1,675.6
11,536.6

21.9
151.2
27.5
123.7

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,266
1,294.9
1,275.7
2,695.5

5,586
1,393.6
1,420.4
2,772.3

5,521
1,370.8
1,394.6
2,755.3

5,565
1,389.0
1,407.1
2,768.9

5,339
1,310.6
1,299.7
2,728.9

5,604
1,401.0
1,416.8
2,786.0

5,609
1,393.6
1,423.1
2,791.8

5,634
1,403.1
1,431.7
2,799.5

25
9.5
8.6
7.7

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

21,993
2,867
2,260.3
606.4
5,268
2,583.0
2,684.8
13,858
7,669.2
6,189.0

22,430
2,894
2,268.8
625.6
5,325
2,692.8
2,632.3
14,211
7,934.1
6,276.8

22,032
2,859
2,248.7
610.2
5,147
2,527.4
2,619.7
14,026
7,798.8
6,227.6

22,384
2,856
2,247.7
608.5
5,366
2,747.1
2,618.8
14,162
7,923.9
6,238.5

21,805
2,888
2,277.2
611.0
5,157
2,463.3
2,693.6
13,760
7,449.6
6,310.7

22,141
2,876
2,269.6
606.1
5,237
2,595.7
2,641.5
14,028
7,677.0
6,350.8

22,174
2,875
2,264.5
610.2
5,239
2,606.9
2,632.4
14,060
7,708.1
6,351.5

22,198
2,875
2,264.1
611.1
5,242
2,611.8
2,629.7
14,081
7,722.9
6,357.8

24
0
-0.4
0.9
3
4.9
-2.7
21
14.8
6.3

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.6
39.8
44.8
38.5
40.4
40.6
40.1
33.6
34.2
38.7
30.5
38.8
42.7
37.2
37.7
36.5
33.3
25.3
32.2

34.8
40.1
44.9
39.2
40.4
40.6
40.0
33.7
34.6
39.2
31.3
38.1
42.5
36.9
37.5
36.7
33.4
26.1
32.3

34.6
39.9
44.3
38.8
40.3
40.5
39.9
33.5
34.1
39.1
30.4
38.0
42.7
37.0
37.4
36.7
33.4
25.7
32.3

34.7
40.4
45.0
39.6
40.7
41.0
40.2
33.6
34.1
39.2
30.4
38.0
42.4
37.0
37.6
36.7
33.5
25.8
32.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.2
3.1
3.3

3.2
3.2
3.2

3.4
3.4
3.4

3.6
3.6
3.5

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$30.04
30.43
34.53
32.27
29.18
30.65
26.73
29.95
25.71
33.13
21.32
25.74
44.11
44.66
39.58
35.77
29.40
17.40
27.10

$31.38
31.69
35.66
33.62
30.35
31.88
27.79
31.31
27.00
34.42
22.50
27.36
45.96
44.96
40.65
37.68
31.01
19.40
28.42

$31.57
31.88
35.87
33.83
30.55
32.14
27.88
31.50
27.16
34.46
22.62
27.47
46.20
45.33
40.74
37.93
31.21
19.37
28.48

$31.58
31.83
35.60
33.91
30.41
31.94
27.84
31.52
27.35
34.58
22.83
27.72
46.13
45.93
40.32
37.97
31.19
19.35
28.43

$1,039.38
1,211.11
1,546.94
1,242.40
1,178.87
1,244.39
1,071.87
1,006.32
879.28
1,282.13
650.26
998.71
1,883.50
1,661.35
1,492.17
1,305.61
979.02
440.22
872.62

$1,092.02
1,270.77
1,601.13
1,317.90
1,226.14
1,294.33
1,111.60
1,055.15
934.20
1,349.26
704.25
1,042.42
1,953.30
1,659.02
1,524.38
1,382.86
1,035.73
506.34
917.97

$1,092.32
1,272.01
1,589.04
1,312.60
1,231.17
1,301.67
1,112.41
1,055.25
926.16
1,347.39
687.65
1,043.86
1,972.74
1,677.21
1,523.68
1,392.03
1,042.41
497.81
919.90

$1,095.83
1,285.93
1,602.00
1,342.84
1,237.69
1,309.54
1,119.17
1,059.07
932.64
1,355.54
694.03
1,053.36
1,955.91
1,699.41
1,516.03
1,393.50
1,044.87
499.23
921.13

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Jan.
2022 Feb.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105.9
91.0
76.3
97.0
88.8
86.9
92.5
110.2
102.3
96.0
94.7
132.6
100.2
93.7
107.8
119.6
127.5
95.8
99.1

111.0
94.5
83.2
102.0
91.3
89.3
94.6
115.4
106.3
99.4
99.1
137.5
98.9
98.2
108.9
125.6
130.6
112.5
104.4

110.8
94.2
82.3
101.0
91.1
89.2
94.5
115.2
105.3
99.4
96.7
138.2
99.6
98.8
108.6
126.0
130.7
112.0
104.5

111.7
95.8
84.8
103.9
92.3
90.6
95.6
116.2
105.7
100.0
96.9
139.3
98.9
98.8
109.7
126.5
131.7
113.7
105.2

0.8
1.7
3.0
2.9
1.3
1.6
1.2
0.9
0.4
0.6
0.2
0.8
-0.7
0.0
1.0
0.4
0.8
1.5
0.7

1

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Jan.
2022 Feb.
2022p

152.1
125.2
105.8
136.0
120.5
118.3
125.5
160.4
141.8
133.0
133.4
173.6
146.0
149.0
166.4
173.3
180.4
134.5
147.2

166.6
135.4
119.2
149.0
128.8
126.5
133.4
175.7
154.8
143.1
147.4
191.3
150.2
157.1
172.7
191.6
194.8
176.1
162.6

167.2
135.7
118.5
148.5
129.5
127.4
133.7
176.4
154.2
143.2
144.6
193.2
152.0
159.4
172.6
193.5
196.3
175.0
163.1

168.6
137.9
121.3
153.1
130.5
128.5
135.0
178.0
155.9
144.6
146.2
196.4
150.7
161.5
172.5
194.5
197.7
177.6
164.0

0.8
1.6
2.4
3.1
0.8
0.9
1.0
0.9
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.7
-0.9
1.3
-0.1
0.5
0.7
1.5
0.6

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

71,412
58,856
4,567
74
986
3,507
1,857
1,650
54,289
10,733
1,681.8
7,406.9
1,510.1
134.4
1,098
4,935
9,603
18,077
7,010
2,833
12,556

74,233
61,405
4,719
77
1,045
3,597
1,907
1,690
56,686
11,112
1,733.9
7,590.3
1,652.9
135.1
1,153
4,951
10,101
18,415
7,980
2,974
12,828

74,428
61,569
4,729
77
1,049
3,603
1,912
1,691
56,840
11,181
1,736.5
7,630.8
1,678.6
135.2
1,153
4,951
10,120
18,408
8,041
2,986
12,859

74,775
61,884
4,760
78
1,061
3,621
1,918
1,703
57,124
11,235
1,743.3
7,655.6
1,701.2
135.0
1,153
4,963
10,167
18,492
8,111
3,003
12,891

49.7
48.3
22.8
13.7
13.5
28.7
24.4
35.7
53.3
39.2
29.9
48.4
25.4
24.8
39.8
56.6
45.9
77.1
52.8
53.1
57.6

49.7
48.3
22.8
13.1
13.8
28.6
24.4
35.7
53.3
39.5
30.2
48.7
26.3
25.1
39.6
55.9
46.3
76.9
52.8
53.1
57.9

49.7
48.3
22.8
13.0
13.9
28.7
24.4
35.6
53.2
39.5
30.1
48.7
26.5
25.1
39.4
55.8
46.2
76.8
52.7
53.2
58.0

49.7
48.3
22.9
13.0
13.9
28.7
24.4
35.8
53.2
39.6
30.2
48.8
26.7
25.0
39.4
55.8
46.2
76.8
52.5
53.3
58.1

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

99,159
14,279
393
5,409
8,477
5,167
3,310
84,880
23,093
4,463.3
12,995.8
5,203.5
430.5
2,176
6,607
16,704
20,517
11,478
4,305

103,605
14,803
444
5,588
8,771
5,386
3,385
88,802
23,811
4,575.9
13,285.9
5,520.6
428.9
2,312
6,669
17,491
20,856
13,122
4,541

103,931
14,826
444
5,593
8,789
5,401
3,388
89,105
23,880
4,585.2
13,311.3
5,554.8
429.1
2,320
6,661
17,532
20,892
13,284
4,536

104,392
14,904
450
5,618
8,836
5,430
3,406
89,488
23,943
4,598.8
13,324.9
5,590.0
429.5
2,317
6,697
17,577
20,950
13,447
4,557

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.1
40.6
45.3
38.9
41.5
41.5
41.5
33.0
34.3
38.5
30.9
38.6
42.6
36.5
37.4
36.0
32.6
24.1
31.1

34.1
41.0
46.4
39.9
41.4
41.4
41.3
33.0
34.1
39.1
30.6
37.8
42.1
36.5
37.4
36.3
32.6
24.9
31.4

34.0
40.7
45.9
39.6
41.2
41.2
41.0
32.8
33.9
39.1
30.2
37.7
42.3
36.7
37.3
36.3
32.5
24.6
31.2

34.1
41.4
46.8
40.7
41.5
41.7
41.3
32.9
34.0
39.2
30.3
37.9
41.8
36.7
37.4
36.4
32.6
24.6
31.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.2
4.2
4.1

4.1
4.1
4.1

4.2
4.2
4.1

4.4
4.5
4.3

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$25.26
25.94
30.46
29.82
23.39
24.39
21.82
25.12
21.75
27.30
18.00
22.88
39.54
36.93
29.97
29.81
26.25
15.07
23.07

$26.74
27.17
32.09
31.25
24.38
25.46
22.65
26.65
23.27
28.49
19.17
25.24
41.09
36.97
30.98
31.65
28.20
17.16
24.28

$26.86
27.29
31.91
31.45
24.48
25.58
22.73
26.77
23.35
28.51
19.29
25.19
41.17
36.97
31.08
31.88
28.32
17.12
24.39

$26.94
27.41
31.91
31.62
24.54
25.60
22.83
26.84
23.49
28.68
19.39
25.42
40.82
37.04
31.12
31.95
28.38
17.22
24.48

$861.37
1,053.16
1,379.84
1,160.00
970.69
1,012.19
905.53
828.96
746.03
1,051.05
556.20
883.17
1,684.40
1,347.95
1,120.88
1,073.16
855.75
363.19
717.48

$911.83
1,113.97
1,488.98
1,246.88
1,009.33
1,054.04
935.45
879.45
793.51
1,113.96
586.60
954.07
1,729.89
1,349.41
1,158.65
1,148.90
919.32
427.28
762.39

$913.24
1,110.70
1,464.67
1,245.42
1,008.58
1,053.90
931.93
878.06
791.57
1,114.74
582.56
949.66
1,741.49
1,356.80
1,159.28
1,157.24
920.40
421.15
760.97

$918.65
1,134.77
1,493.39
1,286.93
1,018.41
1,067.52
942.88
883.04
798.66
1,124.26
587.52
963.42
1,706.28
1,359.37
1,163.89
1,162.98
925.19
423.61
768.67

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Jan.
2022 Feb.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112.7
88.6
94.6
105.4
80.8
80.6
80.9
119.3
110.8
102.0
101.6
152.0
93.8
90.7
116.3
134.5
142.6
101.3
93.9

117.7
92.7
109.5
111.6
83.4
83.8
82.4
124.9
113.5
106.2
102.9
157.9
92.3
96.3
117.4
142.0
145.0
119.7
100.0

117.8
92.2
108.3
110.9
83.1
83.6
81.8
124.5
113.2
106.4
101.7
158.5
92.8
97.2
116.9
142.3
144.8
119.7
99.3

118.6
94.3
111.9
114.5
84.2
85.1
82.9
125.4
113.8
107.0
102.2
160.3
91.8
97.1
117.9
143.1
145.6
121.2
100.4

0.7
2.3
3.3
3.2
1.3
1.8
1.3
0.7
0.5
0.6
0.5
1.1
-1.1
-0.1
0.9
0.6
0.6
1.3
1.1

1

Feb.
2021

Dec.
2021

Jan.
2022p

Feb.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Jan.
2022 Feb.
2022p

190.2
140.7
167.6
169.6
123.5
122.7
124.8
205.6
172.2
164.3
156.7
221.4
154.8
165.7
214.4
238.3
247.1
173.4
157.8

210.4
154.3
204.3
188.4
132.9
133.1
131.8
228.2
188.8
178.6
169.0
253.7
158.4
176.3
223.7
267.2
269.8
233.2
176.9

211.4
154.1
201.0
188.3
133.1
133.5
131.5
228.6
188.9
179.0
168.2
254.1
159.5
177.9
223.6
269.8
270.6
232.7
176.4

213.6
158.3
207.7
195.5
135.1
136.0
133.7
230.9
191.1
181.1
169.8
259.4
156.4
178.0
225.7
271.8
272.8
237.0
179.0

1.0
2.7
3.3
3.8
1.5
1.9
1.7
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.0
2.1
-1.9
0.1
0.9
0.7
0.8
1.8
1.5

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.