Full text of The Employment Situation : February 2002

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Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378
http://www.bls.gov/cps/

USDL 02-124

Establishment data:
691-6555
http://www.bls.gov/ces/
Media contact:
691-5902

Transmission of material in this release is
embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Friday, March 8, 2002.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

FEBRUARY 2002

The unemployment rate was essentially unchanged at 5.5 percent in
February, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today. Nonfarm payroll employment was up by 66,000 in February,
following several months of large job losses. February gains in several
industries, however, can be attributed to special factors. Manufacturing
employment continued to decline, although at a slower pace.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons (7.9 million) and the unemployment
rate (5.5 percent) were essentially unchanged in February, following
declines in both measures in January. The unemployment rate for Hispanics
fell by a percentage point to 7.1 percent in February. Jobless rates for
the other major worker groups--adult men (5.0 percent), adult women
(5.0 percent), teenagers (15.6 percent), whites (4.9 percent), and blacks
(9.6 percent)--were little changed. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment rose by 851,000 to 134.3 million in February, after seasonal adjustment; this increase more than offset a large decline in January.
The employment-population ratio increased by 0.4 percentage point in February,
returning to its December level of 63.0 percent. (See table A-1.)
In February, the number of persons working part time despite their
preference for full-time work increased by 255,000 to 4.2 million. The
number of persons working part time for economic reasons had been at about
that level from September through December. (See table A-4.)
Following a decline of 924,000 in January, the civilian labor force
increased by 821,000 in February, to 142.2 million. The labor force
participation rate--the proportion of the population that is either working
or looking for work--increased by 0.3 percentage point, to 66.7 percent.
(See table A-1.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
In February, the number of persons not in the labor force who reported
that they currently want a job decreased by 449,000, to 4.4 million
(seasonally adjusted); this group accounted for 6.2 percent of all persons
not in the labor force. These individuals were not counted as unemployed
because they had not searched for work in the 4-week period preceding the
survey. Most had not searched for over a year. (See table A-1.)
About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in February. These individuals reported that
they wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job

- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
|
Quarterly
|
|
|
averages
|
Monthly data
|
|_________________|__________________________| Jan.Category
|
2001
| 2001 |
2002
| Feb.
|_________________|__________________________|change
|
III |
IV
| Dec. | Jan. | Feb. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA
|
Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,700| 142,291| 142,314| 141,390| 142,211|
821
Employment..........| 134,839| 134,308| 134,055| 133,468| 134,319|
851
Unemployment........|
6,860|
7,983|
8,259|
7,922|
7,891|
-31
Not in labor force....| 70,438| 70,467| 70,613| 71,699| 70,995|
-704
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........|
4.8|
5.6|
5.8|
5.6|
5.5|
-0.1
Adult men...........|
4.3|
5.0|
5.2|
5.2|
5.0|
-.2
Adult women.........|
4.2|
5.0|
5.2|
4.8|
5.0|
.2
Teenagers...........|
15.2|
15.8|
16.2|
16.1|
15.6|
-.5
White...............|
4.2|
4.9|
5.1|
5.0|
4.9|
-.1
Black...............|
8.7|
9.9|
10.2|
9.8|
9.6|
-.2
Hispanic origin.....|
6.4|
7.5|
7.9|
8.1|
7.1|
-1.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
|
Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,358| 131,510| 131,321|p131,195|p131,261|
p66
Goods-producing 1/..| 24,991| 24,592| 24,453| p24,278| p24,247|
p-31
Construction......|
6,866|
6,851|
6,850| p6,787| p6,812|
p25
Manufacturing.....| 17,556| 17,174| 17,039| p16,929| p16,879|
p-50
Service-producing 1/| 107,367| 106,918| 106,868|p106,917|p107,014|
p97
Retail trade......| 23,575| 23,404| 23,365| p23,406| p23,464|
p58
Services..........| 41,103| 40,947| 40,957| p40,981| p41,021|
p40
Government........| 20,973| 21,022| 21,061| p21,063| p21,083|
p20
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
34.1|
34.1|
34.1|
p34.1|
p34.1|
p.0
Manufacturing.......|
40.7|
40.5|
40.6|
p40.6|
p40.7|
p0.1
Overtime..........|
4.0|
3.8|
3.8|
p3.9|
p3.9|
p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
150.3|
148.8|
148.8| p148.3| p148.5|
p0.2
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| $14.40| $14.53| $14.58| p$14.61| p$14.63| p$0.02
Avg. weekly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| 490.93| 494.99| 497.18| p498.20| p498.88|
p.68
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.

- 3 sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed,
however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 371,000 in
February, up by 82,000 from a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset
of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically
because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment was up by 66,000 in February to 131.3 million,
seasonally adjusted. While the over-the-month change was positive for the
first time since July 2001, much of the gain was due to special circumstances.
Unusual seasonal employment patterns in retail trade, favorable weather for
construction, and a return from temporary plant shutdowns in motor vehicle
manufacturing were important components of the February change. (See
table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing lost 50,000 jobs in
February, compared with average losses of about 111,000 in the prior 12
months. Motor vehicle employment rose by 26,000, as most of the plants
that had been temporarily shut down in January to reduce inventories were
operating in February. Large employment declines continued in electrical
equipment (-22,000) and industrial machinery (-14,000). Aircraft
manufacturing lost 8,000 jobs in February; since September, employment in
this industry has fallen by 33,000. Employment in printing and publishing
fell by 13,000 in February and has declined by 107,000 over the year.
Construction employment increased by 25,000 in February, reflecting
unusually warm temperatures and dry weather across the country. The job
gains were in heavy construction and, within special trades, concrete work,
both of which are particularly sensitive to the weather. Other construction
components showed little change.
Mining employment declined by 6,000 in February, with most of the
losses in oil and gas extraction (-4,000). Since September, oil and gas
employment has decreased by 9,000.
Within the service-producing sector, wholesale trade job losses totaled
15,000 in February, after 2 months of smaller declines. Employment in the
insurance industry continued to fall in February; the industry has lost
14,000 jobs since September. Employment in finance declined by 11,000 over
the month. Within finance, security brokerages continued to shed jobs,
with losses totaling 45,000 since industry employment peaked in March 2001.
In contrast, employment continued to increase in mortgage brokerages in
February, reflecting low mortgage interest rates.

- 4 Retail trade employment rose by 58,000 in February, after seasonal
adjustment. This followed a rise of 41,000 in January. Because of light
hiring during the holiday season, there were fewer workers to lay off in
January and February, resulting in over-the-month gains after seasonal
adjustment. On net, since July, employment in retail trade is down by
142,000, seasonally adjusted.
After substantial job losses in October and November 2001, employment
in the services industry rose modestly for the third consecutive month.
Health services employment rose by 34,000, with offices and clinics of
medical doctors showing a large gain (13,000). Employment in help supply
services edged up by 14,000; however, employment in this industry is 655,000,
or 18.5 percent, below its peak level of September 2000. Engineering and
management services added 9,000 jobs.
In transportation, job losses in the passenger component of air
transportation have slowed in the past 2 months, following a decline of
87,000 in the fourth quarter. Trucking employment continued on the
downward trend that began in April 2001.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in February at 34.1 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek edged up by 0.1 hour
to 40.7 hours. Manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 3.9 hours.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 percent in February to
148.5 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The index has fallen by 2.4 percent
from its recent peak in January 2001. The manufacturing index edged down
by 0.1 percent to 92.6 in February and has fallen by 9.7 percent since
January 2001. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 2 cents in February to $14.63,
seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.1 percent to
$498.88. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 3.7 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.1 percent. (See table B-3.)

______________________________

The Employment Situation for March 2002 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, April 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).

- 5 -----------------------------------------------------------------|
March 2001 National Benchmarks
|
|
|
|
In accordance with standard practice, BLS will release non|
|farm payroll employment benchmark revisions with the May data on |
|June 7, 2002. The March 2001 benchmark level has been finalized |
|and will result in a downward revision of 123,000 to total non|
|farm employment for the March 2001 reference month, an adjustment |
|of 0.1 percent.
|
|
|
|
Also concurrent with the release of the March 2001 benchmark
|
|revisions on June 7, BLS will continue the implementation of a
|
|new probability-based sample design for the payroll survey. Esti-|
|mates for the mining, construction, manufacturing, and wholesale |
|trade industries are currently produced using the new sample and |
|methodology. Estimates for the transportation and public utili- |
|ties; retail trade; and finance, insurance, and real estate indus-|
|tries will incorporate the new sample design with the June 7 re- |
|lease. Further information is available on the Internet
|
|(http://www.bls.gov/ces/) or by calling (202) 691-6555.
|
------------------------------------------------------------------

- 6 Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall
need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

- 7 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication
individuals are counted only once, even if
the establishment survey, employees working
appearing on more than one payroll would be
appearance.

of individuals, because
they hold more than one job. In
at more than one job and thus
counted separately for each

Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

- 8 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the

- 9 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, sex, and age

Feb.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................
Not in labor force..............................
Persons who currently want a job..............

211,026
141,238
66.9
134,774
63.9
2,794
131,980
6,464
4.6
69,788
4,500

213,089
141,074
66.2
132,139
62.0
2,896
129,244
8,935
6.3
72,014
4,872

213,206
142,057
66.6
133,349
62.5
2,878
130,472
8,707
6.1
71,149
4,436

211,026
141,622
67.1
135,734
64.3
3,133
132,601
5,888
4.2
69,404
4,442

212,581
142,280
66.9
134,615
63.3
3,203
131,412
7,665
5.4
70,301
4,673

212,767
142,279
66.9
134,253
63.1
3,154
131,099
8,026
5.6
70,488
4,698

212,927
142,314
66.8
134,055
63.0
3,246
130,809
8,259
5.8
70,613
4,661

213,089
141,390
66.4
133,468
62.6
3,273
130,195
7,922
5.6
71,699
4,824

213,206
142,211
66.7
134,319
63.0
3,246
131,073
7,891
5.5
70,995
4,375

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,428 102,484 102,542 101,428 102,229 102,322 102,402 102,484 102,542
Civilian labor force............................ 75,118 75,208 75,500 75,502 76,027 76,023 75,976 75,469 75,685
Participation rate........................
74.1
73.4
73.6
74.4
74.4
74.3
74.2
73.6
73.8
Employed...................................... 71,430 70,053 70,522 72,348 71,871 71,570 71,577 71,114 71,457
Employment-population ratio...............
70.4
68.4
68.8
71.3
70.3
69.9
69.9
69.4
69.7
Unemployed....................................
3,687
5,155
4,978
3,154
4,156
4,453
4,399
4,356
4,228
Unemployment rate.........................
4.9
6.9
6.6
4.2
5.5
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

93,227
71,139
76.3
68,114
73.1
1,906
66,208
3,025
4.3

94,228
71,593
76.0
67,127
71.2
1,976
65,152
4,466
6.2

94,262
71,786
76.2
67,510
71.6
1,933
65,577
4,276
6.0

93,227
71,289
76.5
68,766
73.8
2,157
66,609
2,523
3.5

94,015
71,940
76.5
68,486
72.8
2,132
66,354
3,454
4.8

94,077
71,935
76.5
68,204
72.5
2,082
66,122
3,731
5.2

94,161
71,988
76.5
68,276
72.5
2,141
66,135
3,712
5.2

94,228
71,534
75.9
67,818
72.0
2,207
65,611
3,716
5.2

94,262
71,718
76.1
68,157
72.3
2,185
65,973
3,560
5.0

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,598 110,605 110,663 109,598 110,353 110,445 110,525 110,605 110,663
Civilian labor force............................ 66,120 65,867 66,557 66,120 66,253 66,256 66,338 65,920 66,525
Participation rate........................
60.3
59.6
60.1
60.3
60.0
60.0
60.0
59.6
60.1
Employed...................................... 63,344 62,087 62,827 63,386 62,744 62,683 62,478 62,354 62,862
Employment-population ratio...............
57.8
56.1
56.8
57.8
56.9
56.8
56.5
56.4
56.8
Unemployed....................................
2,777
3,780
3,729
2,734
3,509
3,573
3,860
3,566
3,663
Unemployment rate.........................
4.2
5.7
5.6
4.1
5.3
5.4
5.8
5.4
5.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,686 102,550 102,651 101,686 102,371 102,438 102,492 102,550 102,651
Civilian labor force............................ 62,335 62,277 62,947 62,130 62,269 62,321 62,481 62,056 62,703
Participation rate........................
61.3
60.7
61.3
61.1
60.8
60.8
61.0
60.5
61.1
Employed...................................... 60,005 59,048 59,738 59,869 59,302 59,288 59,205 59,102 59,588
Employment-population ratio...............
59.0
57.6
58.2
58.9
57.9
57.9
57.8
57.6
58.0
Agriculture.................................
794
771
803
824
842
852
859
824
829
Nonagricultural industries.................. 59,211 58,277 58,935 59,045 58,460 58,436 58,346 58,277 58,759
Unemployed....................................
2,329
3,229
3,209
2,261
2,967
3,033
3,276
2,954
3,116
Unemployment rate.........................
3.7
5.2
5.1
3.6
4.8
4.9
5.2
4.8
5.0
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population.............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

16,113
7,765
48.2
6,655
41.3
94
6,561
1,110
14.3

16,310
7,204
44.2
5,964
36.6
149
5,815
1,240
17.2

16,293
7,323
44.9
6,101
37.4
141
5,960
1,222
16.7

16,113
8,203
50.9
7,099
44.1
152
6,947
1,104
13.5

16,195
8,071
49.8
6,827
42.2
229
6,598
1,244
15.4

16,252
8,023
49.4
6,761
41.6
220
6,541
1,262
15.7

16,275
7,845
48.2
6,574
40.4
246
6,328
1,271
16.2

16,310
7,800
47.8
6,548
40.1
241
6,307
1,252
16.1

16,293
7,790
47.8
6,575
40.4
233
6,342
1,215
15.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Feb.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 175,326 176,713 176,783 175,326 176,372 176,500 176,607 176,713 176,783
Civilian labor force............................ 117,883 117,569 118,412 118,143 118,506 118,566 118,403 117,759 118,472
Participation rate..........................
67.2
66.5
67.0
67.4
67.2
67.2
67.0
66.6
67.0
Employed...................................... 113,029 110,796 111,880 113,779 112,878 112,652 112,388 111,876 112,632
Employment-population ratio.................
64.5
62.7
63.3
64.9
64.0
63.8
63.6
63.3
63.7
Unemployed....................................
4,853
6,773
6,532
4,364
5,628
5,914
6,015
5,883
5,840
Unemployment rate...........................
4.1
5.8
5.5
3.7
4.7
5.0
5.1
5.0
4.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

60,335
76.7
57,975
73.7
2,360
3.9

60,511
76.3
57,024
71.9
3,487
5.8

60,788
76.6
57,472
72.5
3,316
5.5

60,444
76.9
58,545
74.5
1,899
3.1

60,957
77.0
58,287
73.7
2,670
4.4

60,900
76.9
58,044
73.3
2,856
4.7

60,875
76.8
58,051
73.3
2,824
4.6

60,473
76.3
57,658
72.7
2,815
4.7

60,714
76.5
58,053
73.2
2,661
4.4

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

51,019
60.7
49,303
58.7
1,716
3.4

50,941
60.2
48,610
57.5
2,330
4.6

51,487
60.9
49,185
58.1
2,302
4.5

50,753
60.4
49,069
58.4
1,684
3.3

50,762
60.1
48,695
57.7
2,067
4.1

50,850
60.2
48,712
57.7
2,138
4.2

50,869
60.2
48,591
57.5
2,278
4.5

50,698
59.9
48,562
57.4
2,136
4.2

51,199
60.5
48,941
57.8
2,259
4.4

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

6,529
51.4
5,752
45.3
778
11.9
14.3
9.4

6,117
47.5
5,162
40.1
955
15.6
16.8
14.5

6,137
47.7
5,223
40.6
915
14.9
17.4
12.4

6,946
54.7
6,165
48.5
781
11.2
12.7
9.6

6,787
52.9
5,896
45.9
891
13.1
14.7
11.5

6,816
53.1
5,896
45.9
920
13.5
15.8
11.1

6,659
51.8
5,746
44.7
913
13.7
14.6
12.8

6,588
51.2
5,656
44.0
932
14.2
13.7
14.6

6,558
51.0
5,639
43.9
920
14.0
15.4
12.6

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

25,412
16,511
65.0
15,192
59.8
1,319
8.0

25,785
16,623
64.5
14,906
57.8
1,717
10.3

25,813
16,637
64.5
14,933
57.8
1,704
10.2

25,412
16,660
65.6
15,407
60.6
1,253
7.5

25,686
16,748
65.2
15,144
59.0
1,604
9.6

25,720
16,687
64.9
15,040
58.5
1,647
9.9

25,752
16,833
65.4
15,122
58.7
1,711
10.2

25,785
16,769
65.0
15,119
58.6
1,650
9.8

25,813
16,747
64.9
15,131
58.6
1,616
9.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

7,317
71.8
6,770
66.4
547
7.5

7,520
72.7
6,776
65.5
745
9.9

7,452
71.9
6,730
65.0
722
9.7

7,336
72.0
6,847
67.2
489
6.7

7,354
71.4
6,751
65.5
603
8.2

7,385
71.6
6,739
65.3
646
8.7

7,490
72.5
6,811
65.9
679
9.1

7,546
72.9
6,872
66.4
674
8.9

7,444
71.8
6,798
65.6
645
8.7

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

8,305
65.1
7,799
61.1
506
6.1

8,316
64.3
7,582
58.6
734
8.8

8,328
64.3
7,599
58.7
728
8.7

8,348
65.4
7,858
61.6
490
5.9

8,450
65.6
7,734
60.0
716
8.5

8,371
64.9
7,669
59.4
702
8.4

8,456
65.4
7,720
59.7
736
8.7

8,329
64.4
7,628
58.9
702
8.4

8,361
64.5
7,653
59.1
708
8.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

889
36.1
623
25.3
266
29.9
31.3
28.6

787
31.5
548
22.0
238
30.3
32.8
27.2

857
34.3
603
24.2
254
29.6
29.7
29.5

976
39.7
702
28.5
274
28.1
31.1
25.1

944
37.9
659
26.5
285
30.2
31.2
29.1

931
37.3
632
25.3
299
32.1
31.6
32.6

887
35.5
591
23.7
296
33.4
32.0
34.8

894
35.8
619
24.8
274
30.7
32.1
29.0

943
37.8
680
27.2
263
27.9
30.0
25.6

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

22,830
15,662
68.6
14,629
64.1
1,034
6.6

23,542
15,926
67.6
14,553
61.8
1,373
8.6

23,604
16,044
68.0
14,823
62.8
1,221
7.6

22,830
15,652
68.6
14,682
64.3
970
6.2

23,351
15,956
68.3
14,824
63.5
1,132
7.1

23,417
15,932
68.0
14,751
63.0
1,181
7.4

23,478
16,013
68.2
14,753
62.8
1,260
7.9

23,542
15,988
67.9
14,700
62.4
1,288
8.1

23,604
16,011
67.8
14,867
63.0
1,143
7.1

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Educational attainment
Feb.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

27,191
11,732
43.1
10,706
39.4
1,026
8.7

28,078
12,201
43.5
10,970
39.1
1,231
10.1

27,420
11,824
43.1
10,673
38.9
1,151
9.7

27,191
12,089
44.5
11,189
41.1
900
7.4

27,325
12,076
44.2
11,139
40.8
937
7.8

27,504
12,035
43.8
11,066
40.2
969
8.1

27,815
12,257
44.1
11,173
40.2
1,084
8.8

28,078
12,112
43.1
11,126
39.6
986
8.1

27,420
12,172
44.4
11,165
40.7
1,008
8.3

57,617
37,238
64.6
35,644
61.9
1,594
4.3

57,608
37,128
64.4
34,838
60.5
2,290
6.2

57,362
37,134
64.7
34,903
60.8
2,231
6.0

57,617
37,224
64.6
35,831
62.2
1,393
3.7

57,221
36,912
64.5
35,199
61.5
1,713
4.6

57,400
36,719
64.0
34,882
60.8
1,837
5.0

57,520
36,856
64.1
35,051
60.9
1,805
4.9

57,608
36,675
63.7
34,768
60.4
1,907
5.2

57,362
37,023
64.5
35,078
61.2
1,945
5.3

45,263
33,414
73.8
32,423
71.6
991
3.0

45,075
33,126
73.5
31,604
70.1
1,523
4.6

45,350
33,277
73.4
31,780
70.1
1,498
4.5

45,263
33,063
73.0
32,165
71.1
898
2.7

45,471
33,373
73.4
32,057
70.5
1,316
3.9

45,353
33,420
73.7
32,018
70.6
1,402
4.2

45,362
33,521
73.9
32,087
70.7
1,434
4.3

45,075
33,516
74.4
32,117
71.3
1,398
4.2

45,350
32,884
72.5
31,527
69.5
1,356
4.1

46,167
36,683
79.5
36,104
78.2
579
1.6

46,985
37,140
79.0
36,013
76.6
1,127
3.0

47,636
37,949
79.7
36,865
77.4
1,084
2.9

46,167
36,506
79.1
35,926
77.8
580
1.6

47,371
37,157
78.4
36,153
76.3
1,004
2.7

47,225
37,324
79.0
36,223
76.7
1,101
2.9

46,877
37,101
79.1
35,960
76.7
1,141
3.1

46,985
37,106
79.0
36,013
76.6
1,093
2.9

47,636
37,773
79.3
36,681
77.0
1,092
2.9

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
1
and
2
3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
seasonally adjusted columns.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category

Feb.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,774 132,139 133,349 135,734 134,615 134,253 134,055 133,468 134,319
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,080 42,566 42,972 43,372 42,983 42,861 42,772 42,823 43,275
Married women, spouse present................... 34,059 33,440 33,838 33,959 33,227 33,330 33,209 33,174 33,703
Women who maintain families.....................
8,348
8,313
8,375
8,380
8,256
8,331
8,458
8,396
8,417
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty...........
Technical, sales, and administrative support....
Service occupations.............................
Precision production, craft, and repair.........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............
Farming, forestry, and fishing..................

41,701
39,781
18,301
14,746
17,439
2,806

41,564
38,480
18,238
14,144
16,719
2,996

41,969
38,616
18,650
14,091
17,146
2,877

41,706
39,632
18,269
14,993
17,956
3,258

41,940
38,626
18,406
14,802
17,596
3,264

41,925
38,546
18,456
14,637
17,311
3,267

41,890
38,573
18,532
14,507
17,179
3,371

41,668
38,557
18,553
14,432
17,032
3,467

41,966
38,424
18,612
14,335
17,668
3,334

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.......................
1,587
1,674
1,660
1,843
1,898
1,865
1,879
1,917
1,930
Self-employed workers.........................
1,187
1,186
1,203
1,281
1,290
1,276
1,313
1,311
1,293
Unpaid family workers.........................
20
35
14
29
26
12
27
49
21
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 123,439 121,022 122,315 123,916 122,710 122,507 122,196 122,145 122,770
Government.................................. 19,523 19,238 19,749 19,073 19,223 19,172 19,183 19,047 19,286
Private industries.......................... 103,916 101,784 102,567 104,843 103,487 103,335 103,013 103,098 103,485
Private households........................
830
690
708
833
867
790
736
725
709
Other industries.......................... 103,087 101,094 101,858 104,010 102,620 102,545 102,277 102,373 102,775
Self-employed workers.........................
8,393
8,114
8,059
8,608
8,505
8,507
8,524
8,213
8,257
Unpaid family workers.........................
147
107
97
130
95
77
92
97
86
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

3,424
2,209
947
20,010

4,470
3,072
1,047
18,566

4,414
2,968
1,148
19,407

3,277
2,049
925
18,974

4,329
2,983
1,108
18,644

4,206
2,796
1,121
18,587

4,267
2,809
1,161
18,540

3,973
2,549
1,089
18,291

4,228
2,755
1,120
18,395

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

3,291
2,129
932
19,583

4,249
2,955
1,023
18,071

4,190
2,821
1,124
18,888

3,137
1,970
904
18,560

4,222
2,898
1,082
18,065

4,017
2,679
1,096
18,007

4,119
2,717
1,138
17,960

3,781
2,448
1,068
17,717

3,998
2,615
1,089
17,886

NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Category
Feb.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Total, 16 years and over.........................
Men, 20 years and over.........................
Women, 20 years and over.......................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................

5,888
2,523
2,261
1,104

7,922
3,716
2,954
1,252

7,891
3,560
3,116
1,215

4.2
3.5
3.6
13.5

5.4
4.8
4.8
15.4

5.6
5.2
4.9
15.7

5.8
5.2
5.2
16.2

5.6
5.2
4.8
16.1

5.5
5.0
5.0
15.6

Married men, spouse present....................
Married women, spouse present..................
Women who maintain families....................

1,017
916
534

1,544
1,173
719

1,513
1,330
728

2.3
2.6
6.0

3.1
3.6
6.8

3.3
3.6
8.0

3.4
3.7
8.0

3.5
3.4
7.9

3.4
3.8
8.0

Full-time workers..............................
Part-time workers..............................

4,728
1,179

6,671
1,240

6,738
1,179

4.0
4.8

5.4
5.5

5.6
5.6

5.8
5.6

5.7
5.2

5.7
4.8

768
1,453
587
1,384
247

1,244
2,005
965
1,790
298

1,347
2,040
827
1,690
256

1.8
3.5
3.8
7.2
7.0

2.7
4.7
5.6
8.5
6.4

2.8
5.1
5.8
9.1
6.8

2.9
5.2
5.8
9.2
7.3

2.9
4.9
6.3
9.5
7.9

3.1
5.0
5.5
8.7
7.1

4,817
1,462
26
546
890
500
390
3,355
236
1,401
203
1,515
313
187

6,505
2,055
29
790
1,236
798
438
4,450
500
1,730
184
2,037
440
219

6,553
1,952
23
651
1,278
870
408
4,601
471
1,794
234
2,103
536
202

4.4
5.1
4.5
6.8
4.5
4.1
4.9
4.1
3.0
5.1
2.4
4.1
1.6
9.2

5.8
6.7
5.8
8.3
6.0
6.5
5.3
5.5
6.0
6.1
2.8
5.5
2.3
9.0

6.0
7.1
5.3
8.9
6.4
6.9
5.5
5.6
6.1
6.4
3.5
5.4
2.4
9.3

6.2
7.4
6.1
8.9
6.8
7.2
6.1
5.8
6.1
7.1
3.0
5.5
2.4
9.6

5.9
7.4
5.9
9.4
6.6
7.0
5.9
5.4
6.2
6.3
2.2
5.4
2.3
10.3

6.0
7.1
4.5
7.9
6.7
7.5
5.5
5.6
5.8
6.5
2.8
5.5
2.7
9.5

CHARACTERISTIC

OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty..........
Technical, sales, and administrative support...
Precision production, craft, and repair........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries...................
Mining.....................................
Construction...............................
Manufacturing..............................
Durable goods............................
Nondurable goods.........................
Service-producing industries.................
Transportation and public utilities........
Wholesale and retail trade.................
Finance, insurance, and real estate........
Services...................................
Government workers.............................
Agricultural wage and salary workers...........

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Duration
Feb.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Less than 5 weeks................................
5 to 14 weeks....................................
15 weeks and over................................
15 to 26 weeks................................
27 weeks and over.............................

2,732
2,115
1,617
891
726

3,466
2,795
2,673
1,430
1,244

2,820
3,060
2,827
1,585
1,242

2,749
1,737
1,466
778
688

3,084
2,522
2,042
1,136
906

3,090
2,573
2,317
1,207
1,110

3,024
2,724
2,410
1,295
1,115

2,978
2,586
2,546
1,418
1,127

2,828
2,515
2,561
1,383
1,178

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................
Median duration, in weeks........................

12.8
6.6

14.2
8.1

15.1
9.0

12.8
6.0

13.0
7.4

14.4
7.6

14.5
8.2

14.6
8.8

15.0
8.1

100.0
42.3
32.7
25.0
13.8
11.2

100.0
38.8
31.3
29.9
16.0
13.9

100.0
32.4
35.1
32.5
18.2
14.3

100.0
46.2
29.2
24.6
13.1
11.6

100.0
40.3
33.0
26.7
14.9
11.8

100.0
38.7
32.2
29.0
15.1
13.9

100.0
37.1
33.4
29.5
15.9
13.7

100.0
36.7
31.9
31.4
17.5
13.9

100.0
35.8
31.8
32.4
17.5
14.9

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................
Less than 5 weeks..............................
5 to 14 weeks..................................
15 weeks and over..............................
15 to 26 weeks...............................
27 weeks and over............................

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason
Feb.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

3,309
1,286
2,023
1,451
572
830
1,998
327

5,365
1,753
3,611
2,764
848
884
2,270
417

5,014
1,499
3,515
2,677
838
891
2,383
420

2,856
950
1,906
(1)
(1)
815
1,900
387

4,297
1,288
3,009
(1)
(1)
880
2,113
466

4,501
1,157
3,344
(1)
(1)
848
2,197
497

4,492
1,107
3,385
(1)
(1)
908
2,361
495

4,354
1,124
3,231
(1)
(1)
879
2,191
479

4,326
1,106
3,220
(1)
(1)
877
2,268
485

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

51.2
19.9
31.3
12.8
30.9
5.1

60.0
19.6
40.4
9.9
25.4
4.7

57.6
17.2
40.4
10.2
27.4
4.8

47.9
15.9
32.0
13.7
31.9
6.5

55.4
16.6
38.8
11.3
27.2
6.0

56.0
14.4
41.6
10.5
27.3
6.2

54.4
13.4
41.0
11.0
28.6
6.0

55.1
14.2
40.9
11.1
27.7
6.1

54.4
13.9
40.5
11.0
28.5
6.1

2.3
.6
1.4
.2

3.8
.6
1.6
.3

3.5
.6
1.7
.3

2.0
.6
1.3
.3

3.0
.6
1.5
.3

3.2
.6
1.5
.3

3.2
.6
1.7
.3

3.1
.6
1.5
.3

3.0
.6
1.6
.3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff.............................
Not on temporary layoff.........................
Permanent job losers..........................
Persons who completed temporary jobs..........
Job leavers.......................................
Reentrants........................................
New entrants......................................
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed..................................
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff............................
Not on temporary layoff........................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
1 Not available.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)

Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Measure

Feb.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................

1.1

1.9

2.0

1.0

1.4

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.8

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force...................

2.3

3.8

3.5

2.0

3.0

3.2

3.2

3.1

3.0

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)......................

4.6

6.3

6.1

4.2

5.4

5.6

5.8

5.6

5.5

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....

4.8

6.5

6.4

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................

5.5

7.3

7.1

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers.............................

7.9

10.5

10.1

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Age and sex

Feb.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002

Feb.
2002

Total, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years..................................
16 to 19 years................................
16 to 17 years..............................
18 to 19 years..............................
20 to 24 years................................
25 years and over...............................
25 to 54 years................................
55 years and over.............................

5,888
2,160
1,104
543
549
1,056
3,788
3,253
517

7,922
2,653
1,252
487
749
1,401
5,268
4,655
675

7,891
2,602
1,215
478
718
1,387
5,383
4,590
758

4.2
9.5
13.5
16.9
11.0
7.3
3.2
3.2
2.8

5.4
11.5
15.4
17.4
14.2
9.3
4.2
4.4
3.4

5.6
11.7
15.7
17.5
14.8
9.5
4.4
4.6
3.5

5.8
11.9
16.2
18.8
14.8
9.6
4.5
4.7
4.0

5.6
11.9
16.1
17.0
15.2
9.7
4.4
4.7
3.5

5.5
11.6
15.6
16.5
14.7
9.5
4.5
4.6
3.8

Men, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

3,154
1,251
631
301
338
620
1,934
1,642
290

4,356
1,439
640
249
383
799
2,908
2,532
408

4,228
1,439
668
277
397
771
2,837
2,392
438

4.2
10.6
15.0
18.4
12.9
8.1
3.0
3.1
2.8

5.5
12.4
17.2
20.3
15.1
9.8
4.2
4.3
3.7

5.9
13.0
17.7
20.4
16.2
10.5
4.5
4.6
4.1

5.8
12.8
17.2
20.0
15.6
10.5
4.5
4.5
4.2

5.8
12.5
16.3
17.6
15.1
10.6
4.5
4.7
3.8

5.6
12.4
16.8
19.6
15.4
10.2
4.4
4.5
4.1

Women, 16 years and over........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

2,734
909
473
242
211
436
1,854
1,611
227

3,566
1,214
612
238
365
601
2,360
2,123
267

3,663
1,163
547
202
321
615
2,547
2,197
320

4.1
8.3
11.9
15.3
8.8
6.3
3.4
3.4
2.7

5.3
10.5
13.6
14.5
13.3
8.7
4.2
4.4
3.2

5.4
10.3
13.7
14.5
13.3
8.3
4.4
4.7
2.8

5.8
11.0
15.1
17.6
14.0
8.7
4.6
4.8
3.7

5.4
11.3
15.8
16.4
15.2
8.7
4.3
4.6
3.0

5.5
10.7
14.3
13.6
13.9
8.7
4.6
4.7
3.5

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Total

Men

Women

Category
Feb.
2001

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Feb.
2002

Feb.
2001

Feb.
2002

69,788
4,500
1,339

71,149
4,436
1,410

26,310
1,871
613

27,043
1,963
720

43,478
2,629
727

44,106
2,472
689

289
1,050

371
1,039

186
427

224
496

103
623

147
543

Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................
Percent of total employed.....................................

7,592
5.6

7,398
5.5

3,989
5.6

3,689
5.2

3,603
5.7

3,708
5.9

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................

4,258
1,627
304
1,360

4,070
1,633
255
1,384

2,496
459
210
792

2,257
493
166
747

1,762
1,168
94
568

1,813
1,141
89
637

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force......................................
Persons who currently want a job................................
Searched for work and available to work now(1)...............
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................
Reasons other than discouragement(3)....................
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Feb.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002p

Feb.
2002p

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002p

Feb.
2002p

Total......................... 131,102 132,143 129,217 129,839 132,595 131,782 131,427 131,321 131,195 131,261
Total private.................... 110,086 110,756 108,239 108,426 111,915 110,784 110,421 110,260 110,132 110,178
Goods-producing.........................

25,034

24,375

23,748

23,672

25,627

24,746

24,577

24,453

24,278

24,247

Mining................................
Metal mining........................
Coal mining.........................
Oil and gas extraction..............
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..

542
38.1
75.3
323.2
104.9

563
32.8
82.9
337.2
110.4

549
30.5
81.9
333.1
103.5

543
30.4
80.5
327.8
103.8

555
39
75
328
113

569
35
81
340
113

567
34
81
339
113

564
33
82
336
113

562
31
82
337
112

556
31
81
333
111

Construction..........................
6,393
6,739
6,356
6,330
General building contractors........ 1,478.6 1,549.2 1,479.0 1,470.2
Heavy construction, except building.
796.0
895.0
803.6
805.6
Special trade contractors........... 4,118.8 4,294.4 4,073.2 4,054.2

6,880
1,555
930
4,395

6,852
1,560
933
4,359

6,851
1,561
942
4,348

6,850
1,559
944
4,347

6,787
1,550
928
4,309

6,812
1,549
940
4,323

Manufacturing.........................
Production workers................

18,099
12,242

17,073
11,428

16,843
11,249

16,799
11,229

18,192
12,323

17,325
11,626

17,159
11,500

17,039
11,405

16,929
11,325

16,879
11,299

Durable goods........................
Production workers................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Computer and office equipment.....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Electronic components and
accessories....................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Aircraft and parts................
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

10,962
7,382
783.4
546.4
562.9
681.7

10,180
6,761
778.5
499.5
554.8
615.5

10,022
6,636
767.3
496.1
539.8
602.0

9,997
6,630
766.5
499.4
536.3
600.5

10,997
7,415
799
549
578
679

10,363
6,897
789
505
566
633

10,240
6,805
784
499
562
619

10,158
6,744
780
499
559
613

10,053
6,670
781
498
554
601

10,027
6,656
784
502
550
597

216.7
201.1
190.6
189.7
1,511.4 1,433.5 1,414.6 1,411.6
2,108.9 1,895.6 1,874.8 1,861.0
370.5
334.8
330.0
327.2

(1)
1,514
2,105
370

(1)
1,454
1,943
342

(1)
1,435
1,917
339

(1)
1,428
1,892
335

(1)
1,416
1,870
327

(1)
1,415
1,856
326

1,729.0 1,480.4 1,461.5 1,444.8

1,726

1,529

1,499

1,474

1,459

1,437

710.1
584.6
574.7
566.5
1,781.2 1,705.3 1,656.9 1,670.6
963.7
909.6
877.6
900.4
463.4
453.7
440.0
431.8
869.9
837.7
835.1
831.0
386.8
378.7
373.9
375.2

711
1,786
967
464
871
390

601
1,714
903
463
849
381

591
1,706
903
456
843
376

583
1,696
901
452
839
378

572
1,660
878
440
836
378

563
1,676
904
432
832
378

Nondurable goods.....................
7,137
6,893
6,821
6,802
Production workers................
4,860
4,667
4,613
4,599
Food and kindred products........... 1,653.6 1,679.7 1,658.8 1,655.8
Tobacco products....................
32.3
34.2
34.0
33.6
Textile mill products...............
490.7
443.2
436.5
435.2
Apparel and other textile products..
588.4
529.3
523.9
525.7
Paper and allied products...........
642.1
626.3
623.6
620.7
Printing and publishing............. 1,524.6 1,453.9 1,431.7 1,419.3
Chemicals and allied products....... 1,037.4 1,020.0 1,015.1 1,016.5
Petroleum and coal products.........
122.9
125.8
122.9
122.8
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
977.4
922.7
917.3
914.0
Leather and leather products........
67.4
58.0
57.6
57.9

7,195
4,908
1,686
31
496
595
645
1,529
1,039
127
979
68

6,962
4,729
1,689
33
454
542
628
1,465
1,027
128
935
61

6,919
4,695
1,691
33
446
533
627
1,452
1,024
127
927
59

6,881
4,661
1,682
32
442
531
624
1,444
1,021
127
920
58

6,876
4,655
1,685
33
440
535
624
1,435
1,018
128
919
59

6,852
4,643
1,686
33
439
531
623
1,422
1,018
127
915
58

Service-producing....................... 106,068 107,768 105,469 106,167 106,968 107,036 106,850 106,868 106,917 107,014
Transportation and public utilities...
7,045
6,973
6,840
6,831
Transportation......................
4,520
4,444
4,325
4,321
Railroad transportation...........
227.7
226.2
223.1
223.2
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................
490.6
500.0
494.6
499.3
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,828.0 1,834.5 1,795.1 1,785.2
Water transportation..............
189.7
199.7
192.4
195.4
Transportation by air............. 1,296.4 1,235.7 1,177.4 1,173.3
Pipelines, except natural gas.....
13.5
14.2
13.8
13.8
Transportation services...........
474.4
434.1
428.1
430.7
Communications and public utilities.
2,525
2,529
2,515
2,510
Communications.................... 1,682.0 1,684.5 1,669.1 1,668.4
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services.......................
843.4
844.9
845.6
842.0

7,123
4,591
231

7,016
4,472
225

6,952
4,414
224

6,915
4,387
227

6,897
4,376
226

6,901
4,384
226

480
1,870
200
1,318
14
478
2,532
1,685

479
1,832
206
1,264
14
452
2,544
1,695

480
1,830
204
1,221
14
441
2,538
1,689

485
1,832
206
1,189
14
434
2,528
1,683

486
1,829
203
1,187
14
431
2,521
1,673

489
1,824
206
1,192
14
433
2,517
1,671

847

849

849

845

848

846

6,872
4,051
2,821
22,925

7,064
4,198
2,866
23,472

6,971
4,114
2,857
23,422

6,941
4,087
2,854
23,424

6,938
4,086
2,852
23,365

6,934
4,077
2,857
23,406

6,919
4,067
2,852
23,464

951.1
998.8
969.0
970.6
2,710.9 3,058.1 2,760.9 2,692.2
2,378.9 2,674.8 2,410.9 2,350.1
3,513.2 3,585.1 3,504.0 3,476.1

1,007
2,807
2,462
3,548

1,012
2,764
2,422
3,542

1,010
2,778
2,420
3,539

1,013
2,755
2,410
3,525

1,021
2,720
2,378
3,522

1,028
2,797
2,437
3,508

2,393.3 2,416.8 2,400.8 2,400.3
1,117.8 1,137.0 1,136.8 1,141.3
1,184.1 1,296.1 1,226.4 1,175.6

2,424
1,124
1,227

2,429
1,134
1,208

2,430
1,137
1,203

2,428
1,141
1,192

2,432
1,145
1,222

2,430
1,148
1,216

1,136.3 1,191.4 1,147.4 1,132.7
7,939.1 8,170.8 7,892.6 7,958.6
3,112.8 3,311.4 3,147.1 3,118.5

1,146
8,171
3,142

1,136
8,187
3,144

1,136
8,198
3,130

1,143
8,209
3,100

1,139
8,211
3,139

1,141
8,198
3,146

Finance, insurance, and real estate...
7,552
7,614
7,582
7,574
Finance.............................
3,737
3,775
3,766
3,757
Depository institutions........... 2,019.7 2,045.1 2,043.3 2,038.6
Commercial banks................ 1,413.4 1,428.9 1,426.5 1,422.6
Savings institutions............
253.2
259.6
261.3
260.7
Nondepository institutions........
681.8
728.7
727.8
728.8
Mortgage bankers and brokers....
302.3
341.6
344.0
346.3
Security and commodity brokers....
776.4
743.5
738.1
733.1
Holding and other investment
offices........................
258.6
258.0
256.5
256.4
Insurance...........................
2,345
2,353
2,346
2,343
Insurance carriers................ 1,588.9 1,594.1 1,590.9 1,586.9
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................
756.4
759.0
755.2
755.6
Real estate.........................
1,470
1,486
1,470
1,474

7,609
3,748
2,025
1,417
254
683
304
781

7,634
3,761
2,041
1,427
257
712
326
750

7,638
3,772
2,045
1,428
259
717
333
751

7,632
3,774
2,044
1,427
260
728
342
744

7,636
3,777
2,046
1,429
262
731
346
741

7,626
3,766
2,044
1,428
261
730
348
736

259
2,351
1,592

258
2,361
1,602

259
2,356
1,597

258
2,352
1,594

259
2,352
1,595

256
2,348
1,590

759
1,510

759
1,512

759
1,510

758
1,506

757
1,507

758
1,512

41,020
821
1,957
1,261
9,851
1,007
3,731
3,339

40,995
841
1,862
1,281
9,467
995
3,378
3,005

40,889
840
1,852
1,271
9,356
996
3,282
2,913

40,957
846
1,845
1,294
9,346
992
3,252
2,894

40,981
843
1,849
1,294
9,316
984
3,234
2,878

41,021
841
1,855
1,281
9,307
978
3,238
2,892

Wholesale trade.......................
Durable goods.......................
Nondurable goods....................
Retail trade..........................
Building materials and garden
supplies.........................
General merchandise stores..........
Department stores.................
Food stores.........................
Automotive dealers and service
stations.........................
New and used car dealers..........
Apparel and accessory stores........
Furniture and home furnishings
stores...........................
Eating and drinking places..........
Miscellaneous retail establishments.

Services2.............................
Agricultural services...............
Hotels and other lodging places.....
Personal services...................
Business services...................
Services to buildings.............
Personnel supply services.........
Help supply services............

7,015
4,181
2,834
22,941

40,499
700.3
1,848.3
1,338.4
9,643.2
997.2
3,555.5
3,160.3

6,951
4,090
2,861
24,029

40,814
779.9
1,766.4
1,278.4
9,426.7
985.4
3,325.7
2,959.2

6,882
4,057
2,825
23,048

40,139
721.2
1,742.4
1,344.1
9,116.0
972.4
3,076.0
2,736.5

40,552
716.8
1,758.0
1,357.3
9,135.5
968.3
3,085.8
2,749.7

Computer and data processing
services.......................
Auto repair, services, and parking..
Miscellaneous repair services.......
Motion pictures.....................
Amusement and recreation services...
Health services.....................
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................
Nursing and personal care
facilities.....................
Hospitals.........................
Home health care services.........
Legal services......................
Educational services................
Social services.....................
Child day care services...........
Residential care..................
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens...........................
Membership organizations............
Engineering and management services.
Engineering and architectural
services.......................
Management and public relations...
Services, nec.......................
Government............................
Federal.............................
Federal, except Postal Service....
State...............................
Education.........................
Other State government............
Local...............................
Education.........................
Other local government............

2,188.7
1,286.4
360.0
596.4
1,554.3
10213.5

2,196.7
1,305.8
357.5
580.6
1,560.6
10512.0

2,186
1,291
365
600
1,772
10,236

2,201
1,298
362
582
1,781
10,431

2,189
1,305
360
584
1,762
10,458

2,189
1,304
359
580
1,777
10,483

2,188
1,308
359
589
1,771
10,501

2,193
1,310
362
583
1,775
10,535

1,953.2 2,006.0 2,004.3 2,014.3

1,958

1,993

2,000

2,002

2,007

2,020

1,803.8
4,040.6
640.9
1,014.0
2,502.6
3,001.2
750.2
826.2

1,839.7
4,172.3
658.0
1,025.1
2,615.3
3,123.9
767.6
858.4

1,808
4,045
645
1,020
2,375
2,997
734
829

1,834
4,135
655
1,030
2,436
3,096
757
854

1,837
4,149
657
1,030
2,439
3,100
755
855

1,842
4,158
659
1,031
2,457
3,105
757
853

1,846
4,166
661
1,030
2,471
3,121
755
860

1,844
4,176
662
1,031
2,484
3,121
753
862

100.5
107.6
101.0
101.4
2,466.7 2,495.3 2,468.9 2,482.0
3,500.7 3,527.5 3,514.6 3,548.5

110
2,487
3,504

112
2,505
3,538

110
2,505
3,543

110
2,506
3,541

110
2,504
3,543

110
2,502
3,552

1,038.0 1,058.7 1,053.8 1,051.4
1,114.6 1,125.3 1,120.9 1,122.5
50.6
50.5
49.7
49.8

1,050
1,123
(1)

1,069
1,124
(1)

1,065
1,127
(1)

1,063
1,125
(1)

1,064
1,134
(1)

1,063
1,130
(1)

20,680
2,615
1,756
4,825
2,048
2,777
13,240
7,479
5,761

20,998
2,625
1,779
4,919
2,107
2,812
13,454
7,607
5,847

21,006
2,607
1,777
4,916
2,109
2,807
13,483
7,630
5,853

21,061
2,615
1,775
4,928
2,112
2,816
13,518
7,642
5,876

21,063
2,608
1,776
4,928
2,115
2,813
13,527
7,641
5,886

21,083
2,602
1,776
4,937
2,121
2,816
13,544
7,653
5,891

21,016
2,605
1,747.9
4,928
2,171.7
2,756.2
13,483
7,847.5
5,635.5

2,191.9
1,296.8
358.8
581.7
1,590.0
10496.3

1,844.8
4,161.2
661.5
1,031.5
2,585.7
3,119.3
771.1
853.3

21,387
2,600
1,757.7
5,022
2,232.9
2,789.4
13,765
7,987.8
5,777.6

2,187.3
1,296.7
354.7
581.7
1,528.8
10478.0

1,841.2
4,163.2
654.4
1,024.9
2,392.1
3,103.0
762.2
855.0

20,978
2,589
1,758.0
4,836
2,051.2
2,784.3
13,553
7,804.9
5,748.0

21,413
2,591
1,767.0
5,039
2,244.8
2,793.8
13,783
8,020.9
5,762.3

1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Feb.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002p

Feb.
2002p

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002p

Feb.
2002p

Total private....................

34.0

34.4

33.6

33.9

34.3

34.0

34.1

34.1

34.1

34.1

Goods-producing.........................

39.8

40.4

39.9

39.9

40.3

40.0

40.0

40.1

40.4

40.4

Mining................................

42.7

43.3

42.3

43.0

43.2

43.1

43.2

43.3

43.0

43.6

Construction..........................

37.6

38.3

38.6

38.5

38.7

38.7

39.2

38.8

39.8

39.6

Manufacturing.........................
Overtime hours....................

40.5
3.8

41.3
4.1

40.4
3.7

40.3
3.7

40.9
3.9

40.5
3.8

40.3
3.7

40.6
3.8

40.6
3.9

40.7
3.9

Durable goods........................
Overtime hours....................

40.8
3.8

41.6
4.1

40.8
3.7

40.7
3.7

41.1
3.9

40.7
3.7

40.4
3.6

40.8
3.8

40.9
3.9

41.0
3.9

Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

39.2
38.4
41.6
43.2

40.7
39.8
43.5
44.4

39.8
39.8
43.2
43.3

39.5
39.6
43.1
43.2

40.1
39.1
42.8
43.2

40.6
38.3
43.9
43.2

40.5
38.4
43.8
42.6

40.8
38.8
43.5
43.8

40.3
40.0
44.3
43.2

40.4
40.4
44.5
43.4

44.0
41.4
41.2

43.8
42.1
41.1

43.2
41.1
40.4

43.1
41.3
40.3

44.4
41.7
41.0

44.0
41.0
40.4

43.3
40.7
39.9

43.8
41.2
40.2

43.1
41.2
40.2

43.5
41.6
40.0

40.0
41.5
41.6
41.5
37.9

40.2
42.7
44.0
41.2
38.1

38.6
42.4
43.7
40.5
37.1

38.7
42.2
43.6
40.5
37.7

40.3
42.0
42.0
41.1
38.2

39.0
41.3
41.9
40.7
37.5

38.8
41.3
42.2
40.3
37.1

39.3
41.7
43.0
40.5
37.7

38.6
42.8
44.5
40.4
37.5

38.9
42.5
43.9
40.2
38.0

Nondurable goods.....................
Overtime hours....................

40.1
3.8

40.8
4.2

39.9
3.8

39.8
3.8

40.4
4.0

40.2
4.1

40.0
3.9

40.2
4.0

40.1
4.0

40.1
4.0

Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

40.3
38.7
39.9
37.7
41.3
38.1
42.3
43.1
40.8
36.1

41.5
41.3
40.5
37.8
42.3
38.3
42.4
41.5
42.0
37.5

40.7
40.2
39.7
36.4
41.4
37.4
41.9
41.4
40.8
37.2

39.8
40.3
40.4
37.2
41.0
37.4
41.6
40.1
40.9
37.6

41.1
39.8
40.4
37.6
41.7
38.4
42.3
(2)
40.9
36.4

41.1
40.2
39.7
36.8
41.5
38.0
42.3
(2)
40.5
36.0

40.8
39.8
39.5
36.9
41.3
37.8
42.1
(2)
40.7
36.6

40.8
40.6
40.0
37.4
41.5
37.8
41.8
(2)
41.2
37.4

41.0
41.6
39.7
36.8
41.2
37.6
42.0
(2)
40.8
37.6

40.6
41.5
40.9
37.1
41.4
37.6
41.7
(2)
41.1
38.0

Service-producing.......................

32.6

33.0

32.2

32.5

32.8

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.7

Transportation and public utilities...

38.2

38.3

37.4

37.5

38.5

37.8

37.8

38.0

37.8

37.7

Wholesale trade.......................

37.8

38.6

37.9

38.1

38.1

38.1

38.2

38.3

38.2

38.4

Retail trade..........................

28.4

29.2

28.0

28.5

28.9

28.7

28.8

28.9

28.8

29.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

36.3

36.7

35.9

36.3

36.3

36.0

36.2

36.1

36.1

36.3

Services..............................

32.6

32.9

32.2

32.4

32.7

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.5

32.5

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry
Feb.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002p

Feb.
2002p

Feb.
2001

Total private....................
Seasonally adjusted.............

$14.16
14.11

$14.63
14.58

$14.68
14.61

$14.68
14.63

$481.44
483.97

Goods-producing.........................

15.62

16.25

16.17

16.16

Mining................................

17.61

17.93

17.93

Construction..........................

18.16

18.64

Manufacturing.........................

14.61

15.18

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

15.03
12.08
12.03
14.68
16.58

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002p

Feb.
2002p

$503.27
497.18

$493.25
498.20

$497.65
498.88

621.68

656.50

645.18

644.78

17.85

751.95

776.37

758.44

767.55

18.48

18.47

682.82

713.91

713.33

711.10

15.16

15.15

591.71

626.93

612.46

610.55

15.68
12.40
12.57
15.22
17.30

15.64
12.38
12.60
15.30
17.25

15.62
12.26
12.57
15.29
17.29

613.22
473.54
461.95
610.69
716.26

652.29
504.68
500.29
662.07
768.12

638.11
492.72
501.48
660.96
746.93

635.73
484.27
497.77
659.00
746.93

20.05
14.03
15.74

20.63
14.60
16.33

20.60
14.56
16.33

20.69
14.51
16.25

882.20
580.84
648.49

903.59
614.66
671.16

889.92
598.42
659.73

891.74
599.26
654.88

14.16
18.68
18.91
14.60
11.98

14.98
19.66
20.20
15.14
12.64

14.90
19.56
20.05
15.18
12.62

14.89
19.62
20.03
15.15
12.45

566.40
775.22
786.66
605.90
454.04

602.20
839.48
888.80
623.77
481.58

575.14
829.34
876.19
614.79
468.20

576.24
827.96
873.31
613.58
469.37

13.97
12.65
21.49
11.27
9.36
16.54
14.64
18.41
22.21
13.31
10.35

14.45
13.22
22.26
11.50
9.67
17.16
15.02
18.80
21.98
13.66
10.26

14.46
13.14
21.84
11.64
9.77
17.11
15.04
18.85
22.12
13.65
10.29

14.46
13.09
22.13
11.63
9.78
17.04
15.11
18.99
22.63
13.60
10.30

560.20
509.80
831.66
449.67
352.87
683.10
557.78
778.74
957.25
543.05
373.64

589.56
548.63
919.34
465.75
365.53
725.87
575.27
797.12
912.17
573.72
384.75

576.95
534.80
877.97
462.11
355.63
708.35
562.50
789.82
915.77
556.92
382.79

575.51
520.98
891.84
469.85
363.82
698.64
565.11
789.98
907.46
556.24
387.28

Service-producing.......................

13.73

14.18

14.25

14.27

447.60

467.94

458.85

463.78

Transportation and public utilities...

$16.68

$17.26

$17.34

$17.42

$637.18

$661.06

$648.52

$653.25

Wholesale trade.......................

15.62

16.17

16.07

16.14

590.44

624.16

609.05

614.93

Retail trade..........................

9.72

9.99

10.06

10.04

276.05

291.71

281.68

286.14

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

15.63

16.19

16.18

16.23

567.37

594.17

580.86

589.15

Services..............................

14.47

15.08

15.09

15.10

471.72

496.13

485.90

489.24

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Total private:
Current dollars..............
Constant (1982) dollars2.....

$14.11
7.92

$14.47
8.06

$14.54
8.11

Goods-producing...............
Mining......................
Construction................
Manufacturing...............
Excluding overtime4.......

15.74
17.52
18.30
14.63
13.94

16.05
17.73
18.38
14.97
14.31

Service-producing.............
Transportation and public
utilities................
Wholesale trade.............
Retail trade................
Finance, insurance, and real
estate...................
Services....................

13.62

Percent
change
from:
Jan. 2002Feb. 2002

Jan.
2002p

Feb.
2002p

$14.58
8.15

$14.61
8.15

$14.63
N.A.

0.1
(3)

16.15
17.85
18.46
15.05
14.38

16.20
17.83
18.57
15.09
14.41

16.23
17.74
18.55
15.12
14.43

16.25
17.74
18.54
15.17
14.46

.1
.0
-.1
.3
.2

14.01

14.07

14.12

14.14

14.16

.1

16.64
15.60
9.69

17.09
15.89
9.91

17.23
15.91
9.98

17.23
16.05
9.99

17.30
16.05
10.00

17.39
16.13
10.01

.5
.5
.1

15.55
14.34

16.05
14.81

16.07
14.87

16.14
14.93

16.16
14.94

16.16
14.97

.0
.2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and
deflate this series. Data have been revised to reflect
used in the CPI-W.
3 Change was .0 percent from December 2001 to January
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.

Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
updated seasonal adjustment factors
2002, the latest month available.
the rate of time and one-half.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Feb.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002p

Feb.
2002p

Feb.
2001

Oct.
2001

Nov.
2001

Dec.
2001

Jan.
2002p

Feb.
2002p

Total private....................

147.6

150.6

143.4

144.7

151.7

148.9

148.7

148.8

148.3

148.5

Goods-producing.........................

108.7

107.3

102.6

102.2

113.6

108.3

107.5

107.1

107.0

106.6

Mining................................

51.1

54.4

50.9

52.5

53.2

54.8

54.8

54.3

53.2

54.8

Construction..........................

166.4

179.1

168.1

167.0

186.9

185.5

187.9

185.8

188.6

185.8

Manufacturing.........................

100.0

95.1

91.7

91.3

101.5

94.9

93.4

93.3

92.7

92.6

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

105.1
131.3
130.7
110.0
87.4

98.0
134.8
123.3
113.3
79.4

94.4
129.5
121.8
108.9
75.5

94.2
128.3
122.5
108.2
75.2

106.4
137.4
133.7
117.2
87.0

97.9
136.1
119.5
117.0
79.9

96.0
135.1
118.3
116.0
76.5

96.1
135.5
119.8
114.4
78.0

95.3
133.8
122.9
115.4
75.0

95.3
134.4
125.7
115.1
75.0

66.6
115.9
98.6

61.0
111.1
86.4

56.8
106.8
83.8

56.5
107.0
82.9

67.0
117.1
98.3

63.2
109.7
87.5

60.6
107.4
85.1

60.5
108.1
84.4

56.9
107.2
83.3

57.0
108.2
82.2

104.7
112.0
145.1
76.5
93.5

87.4
108.6
143.1
71.6
90.3

82.9
104.2
135.7
70.3
86.4

81.9
105.5
140.4
70.0
88.4

105.2
113.5
146.4
75.7
94.9

87.9
105.9
135.3
71.9
89.6

85.5
105.4
136.5
70.5
87.3

85.1
105.3
137.8
70.5
89.1

82.7
106.0
139.4
70.0
88.6

81.7
106.5
142.0
69.3
89.8

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

93.0
110.6
45.5
68.0
50.5
98.2
117.5
99.0
67.4
139.7
28.6

91.0
115.4
51.5
61.9
44.7
98.2
112.5
96.3
70.2
135.6
24.7

88.0
111.5
50.5
59.7
42.9
95.4
107.5
94.8
67.8
131.1
24.3

87.4
108.8
49.7
60.5
44.0
94.1
106.5
94.5
65.7
131.1
24.4

94.8
115.4
43.4
69.7
50.9
99.8
119.0
99.0
70.0
140.6
29.1

90.8
115.5
47.8
62.8
44.9
96.5
112.5
96.8
71.6
132.6
24.9

89.8
114.5
47.3
61.4
44.1
96.2
110.7
96.2
71.7
131.8
24.7

89.5
113.6
46.3
61.2
44.5
95.9
109.9
95.0
71.4
132.9
24.7

89.1
114.3
49.4
59.9
44.4
95.2
108.6
94.9
70.8
131.4
24.8

89.0
113.4
49.3
62.0
44.3
95.5
107.4
94.4
68.1
132.0
24.5

Service-producing.......................

165.1

170.1

161.7

163.8

168.9

167.1

167.1

167.5

166.9

167.4

Transportation and public utilities...

137.7

137.3

131.3

131.8

140.3

136.3

135.0

135.0

134.4

134.0

Wholesale trade.......................

129.2

131.2

127.4

127.7

131.4

129.7

129.3

129.8

129.6

130.0

Retail trade..........................

140.4

152.0

138.9

140.5

146.8

144.8

145.3

145.5

145.3

146.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

138.5

141.3

137.5

138.5

139.8

139.3

140.2

139.6

139.5

139.9

Services..............................

209.1

212.4

204.0

207.8

212.5

211.1

211.1

211.8

210.7

210.9

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............
2002..............

63.2
55.1
55.7
53.7
p47.2

56.2
59.6
59.3
50.4
p48.2

59.3
52.8
61.0
55.8

60.2
57.2
54.2
45.0

58.9
58.2
47.7
46.6

57.1
54.2
60.5
44.3

55.4
57.1
57.8
45.5

58.4
54.4
55.1
43.9

54.8
55.2
52.0
44.1

55.0
57.9
54.8
38.7

58.2
59.9
55.1
38.7

56.4
56.8
54.2
41.8

Over 3-month span:
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............
2002..............

65.3
60.8
61.6
51.7
p43.8

66.1
57.8
63.3
54.1

64.6
58.5
61.9
48.6

65.7
55.8
56.2
49.2

62.2
58.1
55.1
42.5

57.9
57.9
57.9
42.4

57.5
57.2
61.5
40.5

58.4
59.2
56.4
39.9

59.1
59.8
54.1
38.8

59.2
59.1
53.3
35.8

59.3
61.0
55.7
35.6

59.2
60.6
53.3
p37.5

Over 6-month span:
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............
2002..............

70.4
59.8
63.5
52.0

67.4
59.8
60.6
50.6

65.0
58.2
62.6
48.6

62.5
60.3
63.7
45.3

63.6
56.7
61.5
44.1

60.5
59.2
55.5
38.5

59.2
61.8
56.1
37.1

58.6
60.8
58.6
35.6

57.9
62.2
54.2
35.1

59.6
61.2
54.8
p35.4

60.6
62.3
51.8
p35.8

59.9
64.9
54.2

Over 12-month span:
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............
2002..............

69.7
61.2
62.5
49.6

67.6
60.2
63.0
47.7

67.4
58.2
61.8
45.0

66.0
60.8
59.5
43.1

64.0
60.8
58.4
40.5

62.7
61.6
56.8
39.8

61.9
62.2
55.7
p39.5

62.0
61.3
56.5
p38.0

60.9
63.9
54.2

59.3
63.0
53.4

60.8
61.3
53.0

58.8
60.9
51.7

Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............
2002..............

57.4
46.0
44.9
37.9
p39.7

51.5
44.5
56.6
32.4
p40.8

53.7
43.0
55.5
41.5

53.3
42.3
46.7
31.3

43.8
50.4
41.2
29.4

48.2
39.3
54.8
33.1

38.2
51.5
53.7
39.0

51.5
39.3
38.6
27.6

41.9
45.2
34.6
36.0

41.5
46.3
41.5
29.4

41.2
53.3
43.8
25.7

43.4
46.7
44.1
29.4

Over 3-month span:
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............
2002..............

59.6
41.2
50.0
28.3
p30.1

59.6
39.0
54.0
29.4

55.9
38.2
52.9
24.6

50.4
41.5
42.3
26.5

46.7
40.8
43.0
22.4

37.9
45.2
48.5
24.6

41.5
39.0
48.2
21.0

41.5
45.2
33.8
19.9

41.9
40.8
28.7
19.9

38.2
44.9
30.5
21.0

36.8
46.3
39.0
17.6

40.8
46.0
35.7
p20.6

Over 6-month span:
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............
2002..............

63.2
36.0
51.5
26.8

54.4
38.2
44.5
25.4

50.4
37.5
48.5
19.9

40.4
41.2
55.1
20.6

44.5
36.8
43.8
20.2

40.1
39.7
34.9
15.1

37.5
43.0
33.5
13.2

36.4
41.5
34.6
14.0

34.9
46.0
30.1
11.8

40.1
40.4
29.4
p14.7

37.1
46.3
25.0
p18.8

34.2
51.5
27.9

Over 12-month span:
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............
2002..............

54.8
38.6
46.3
19.1

52.2
34.6
45.2
16.5

51.8
32.4
41.2
14.7

46.7
36.0
37.9
16.2

40.4
37.9
33.8
15.1

40.1
39.0
31.3
12.1

38.2
40.1
31.3
p14.0

37.5
40.4
31.3
p12.9

36.4
44.5
27.6

34.6
46.0
25.4

35.7
44.9
24.3

34.2
44.5
21.0

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.