Full text of The Employment Situation : February 1997
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov:80/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 97-74 Household data: (202) 606-6378 Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until Establishment data: 606-6555 8:30 A.M. (EST), Media contact: 606-5902 Friday, March 7, 1997. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: FEBRUARY 1997 Nonfarm payroll employment rose, and the unemployment rate was about unchanged at 5.3 percent in February, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The number of payroll jobs increased by 339,000 over the month; construction employment rose sharply, and there were gains throughout the service-producing sector. Average hourly earnings rose by 3 cents in February, and the average workweek rebounded from a weather-related drop in January. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons, 7.2 million, and the unemployment rate, 5.3 percent, were essentially unchanged in February, after seasonal adjustment. Jobless rates for the major demographic groups--adult men (4.4 percent), adult women (4.7 percent), teenagers (17.5 percent), whites (4.5 percent), blacks (11.3 percent), and Hispanics (8.1 percent)--showed little movement over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment was about unchanged in February, at 128.4 million (seasonally adjusted), following a substantial increase in January. The proportion of the population that was employed (the employment-population ratio) was 63.5 percent. The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 165,000 in February to 4.3 million. This series has shown little definitive movement over the past year. (See table A-3.) About 7.9 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in February. These multiple jobholders accounted for 6.2 percent of all employed persons, about the same proportion as a year earlier. (See table A-9.) Both the civilian labor force, 135.6 million (seasonally adjusted), and the labor force participation rate, 67.0 percent, were essentially unchanged in February. Over the past year, the labor force has increased by 2.2 million (after adjusting for the change in population controls introduced in January), and the participation rate has risen by 0.4 percentage point. - 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________|Jan.Category | 1996 | 1996 | 19971/ |Feb. |_________________|________|_________________|change | III | IV | Dec. | Jan. | Feb. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 134,118| 134,830| 135,022| 135,848| 135,634| -214 Employment..........| 127,042| 127,705| 127,855| 128,580| 128,430| -150 Unemployment........| 7,076| 7,124| 7,167| 7,268| 7,205| -63 Not in labor force....| 66,732| 66,627| 66,614| 66,437| 66,754| 317 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 5.3| 5.3| 5.3| 5.4| 5.3| -0.1 Adult men...........| 4.5| 4.4| 4.4| 4.6| 4.4| -.2 Adult women.........| 4.7| 4.8| 4.9| 4.6| 4.7| .1 Teenagers...........| 16.6| 16.6| 16.5| 17.0| 17.5| .5 White...............| 4.6| 4.6| 4.6| 4.6| 4.5| -.1 Black...............| 10.5| 10.6| 10.5| 10.8| 11.3| .5 Hispanic origin.....| 8.7| 8.0| 7.7| 8.3| 8.1| -.2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 119,958| 120,509| 120,723|p120,970|p121,309| p339 Goods-producing 2/..| 24,273| 24,320| 24,356| p24,389| p24,498| p109 Construction......| 5,438| 5,492| 5,520| p5,535| p5,644| p109 Manufacturing.....| 18,266| 18,262| 18,270| p18,286| p18,284| p-2 Service-producing 2/| 95,685| 96,189| 96,367| p96,581| p96,811| p230 Retail trade......| 21,682| 21,864| 21,931| p21,929| p21,978| p49 Services..........| 34,529| 34,785| 34,865| p35,001| p35,081| p80 Government........| 19,536| 19,510| 19,524| p19,550| p19,596| p46 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 3/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.4| 34.6| 34.8| p34.2| p35.0| p0.8 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| 41.8| 42.0| p41.7| p41.9| p.2 Overtime..........| 4.5| 4.5| 4.6| p4.6| p4.7| p.1 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 3/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $11.86| $11.98| $12.04| p$12.06| p$12.09| p$0.03 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 408.50| 414.00| 418.99| p412.45| p423.15| p10.70 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Beginning in January 1997, household data reflect revised population controls used in the survey. 2/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in February--that is, they wanted and were available for work and had looked for jobs sometime in the prior 12 months. The number of discouraged workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for jobs specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them or there were none for which they would qualify--was 364,000 in February. Both measures were lower than they were a year earlier. (See table A-9.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 339,000 in February to 121.3 million, after seasonal adjustment. Construction employment rose markedly, and there were widespread gains in most other major industry divisions. Manufacturing employment was little changed. (See table B-1.) Construction employment increased by 109,000 in February. Job growth in construction has been strong since the end of 1995. In February, employment was buoyed by favorable weather conditions, following severe weather in January. The largest February gains were in outside activities, such as heavy construction, masonry, concrete, and roofing. Employment in the services industry rose by 80,000 in February, following a much larger increase (136,000) in January. Employment in help supply services declined by 47,000 in February, partially offsetting a large increase in January. Both months’ estimates were strongly influenced by the effects of the 1996 blizzards, which lowered seasonal expectations for January and raised them for February. Job gains continued in computer services and in engineering and management services. In personal services, which includes tax return preparation, employment rose sharply for the second month in a row. Transportation and public utilities added 21,000 jobs, reflecting strength in the trucking, air travel, transportation services, and communications industries. Wholesale trade also added 21,000 jobs, with most of the gain in the distribution of durable goods. Employment in finance (especially security brokerages, mortgage brokerages, and holding companies) and real estate continued to grow. Employment in retail trade rose by 49,000 in February, led by a large seasonally adjusted increase in department stores. Before seasonal adjustment, department store employment levels typically decline in both January and February, as fewer workers are needed after the holidays. This year, however, more layoffs occurred in January, resulting in a smallerthan-usual decline in February. After seasonal adjustment, therefore, employment in department stores increased by 57,000. Food stores and auto dealers gained jobs in February. Employment was unchanged in building materials and garden supply stores and declined slightly in furniture stores; both of these industries experienced strong job growth in 1996. Government employment advanced by 46,000. All of the growth was in education at the state and local levels. In January and February combined, state and local education added 66,000 jobs. Excluding education, state and local government payrolls were unchanged in February, and federal employment continued its downtrend. - 4 Manufacturing employment was unchanged in February, following 4 months of gains that totaled 45,000. Aircraft and parts added jobs for the eighth month in a row. There was a decline of 6,000 jobs in autos, reversing a similar increase in January. Employment in the apparel industry continued its long-term slide, losing 5,000 jobs in February. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 0.8 hour in February to 35.0 hours, seasonally adjusted, more than reversing a weather-related 0.6 hour decline in January. The manufacturing workweek rose by 0.2 hour to 41.9 hours, and factory overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 4.7 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls rose by 2.7 percent, seasonally adjusted, to 140.8 (1982=100) in February, as both hours and employment increased. The manufacturing index increased by 0.7 percent to 106.8. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory workers on nonfarm payrolls rose by 3 cents in February to $12.09, seasonally adjusted. Reflecting the jump in the workweek, average weekly earnings advanced by 2.6 percent to $423.15. Over the past year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.8 percent and average weekly earnings increased by 5.3 percent. (See table B-3.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------| March 1996 national benchmarks | | | | In accordance with standard practice, BLS will release nonfarm | |payroll employment benchmark revisions with the release of May data | |on June 6, 1997. The March 1996 benchmark level has been finalized | |and will result in an upward revision of 57,000 (less than 0.05 | |percent) to total nonfarm employment for the March 1996 reference month. | |Further information is available through the Internet by | |accessing: http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm or by calling (202) 606-6555.| ------------------------------------------------------------------------________________________________________ The Employment Situation for March 1997 is scheduled to be released on Friday, April 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). - 5 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1996, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing over 47 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication individuals are counted only once, even if the establishment survey, employees working appearing on more than one payroll would be appearance. of individuals, because they hold more than one job. In at more than one job and thus counted separately for each Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 +/- 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is +/- 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is +/- .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from zero to 0.6 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $13.00 per issue or $35.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-6065897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Feb. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Agriculture............................... Nonagricultural industries................ Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... Not in labor force............................ 199,772 131,995 66.1 124,137 62.1 3,102 121,035 7,858 6.0 67,777 202,285 134,317 66.4 126,384 62.5 3,036 123,348 7,933 5.9 67,968 202,388 134,535 66.5 126,887 62.7 2,933 123,954 7,647 5.7 67,854 199,772 133,070 66.6 125,706 62.9 3,499 122,207 7,364 5.5 66,702 201,273 134,636 66.9 127,617 63.4 3,450 124,167 7,019 5.2 66,637 201,463 134,831 66.9 127,644 63.4 3,354 124,290 7,187 5.3 66,632 201,636 135,022 67.0 127,855 63.4 3,426 124,429 7,167 5.3 66,614 202,285 135,848 67.2 128,580 63.6 3,468 125,112 7,268 5.4 66,437 202,388 135,634 67.0 128,430 63.5 3,292 125,138 7,205 5.3 66,754 95,786 71,011 74.1 66,481 69.4 4,529 6.4 97,264 72,117 74.1 67,640 69.5 4,477 6.2 97,320 72,214 74.2 67,981 69.9 4,233 5.9 95,786 71,744 74.9 67,742 70.7 4,002 5.6 96,556 72,363 74.9 68,647 71.1 3,716 5.1 96,654 72,362 74.9 68,589 71.0 3,773 5.2 96,742 72,414 74.9 68,707 71.0 3,707 5.1 97,264 73,106 75.2 69,164 71.1 3,942 5.4 97,320 72,987 75.0 69,232 71.1 3,755 5.1 88,296 67,355 76.3 63,521 71.9 2,160 61,361 3,834 5.7 89,446 68,429 76.5 64,693 72.3 2,132 62,561 3,736 5.5 89,556 68,447 76.4 64,923 72.5 2,080 62,843 3,523 5.1 88,296 67,688 76.7 64,416 73.0 2,371 62,045 3,272 4.8 88,840 68,273 76.8 65,299 73.5 2,400 62,899 2,974 4.4 88,971 68,391 76.9 65,349 73.4 2,355 62,994 3,042 4.4 89,040 68,369 76.8 65,367 73.4 2,356 63,011 3,002 4.4 89,446 68,998 77.1 65,813 73.6 2,364 63,449 3,185 4.6 89,556 68,827 76.9 65,818 73.5 2,276 63,542 3,009 4.4 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Agriculture............................... Nonagricultural industries................ Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ 103,986 105,022 105,068 103,986 104,717 104,809 104,894 105,022 105,068 Civilian labor force.......................... 60,985 62,200 62,321 61,326 62,273 62,469 62,608 62,742 62,647 Participation rate...................... 58.6 59.2 59.3 59.0 59.5 59.6 59.7 59.7 59.6 Employed.................................... 57,656 58,744 58,906 57,964 58,970 59,055 59,148 59,416 59,197 Employment-population ratio............. 55.4 55.9 56.1 55.7 56.3 56.3 56.4 56.6 56.3 Unemployed.................................. 3,329 3,457 3,415 3,362 3,303 3,414 3,460 3,327 3,450 Unemployment rate....................... 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.5 5.5 5.3 5.5 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Agriculture............................... Nonagricultural industries................ Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... 96,757 57,579 59.5 54,805 56.6 759 54,046 2,774 4.8 97,520 58,637 60.1 55,739 57.2 703 55,036 2,898 4.9 97,571 58,720 60.2 55,931 57.3 697 55,234 2,788 4.7 96,757 57,618 59.5 54,845 56.7 845 54,000 2,773 4.8 97,290 58,432 60.1 55,681 57.2 800 54,881 2,751 4.7 97,366 58,574 60.2 55,753 57.3 786 54,967 2,821 4.8 97,457 58,728 60.3 55,871 57.3 772 55,099 2,857 4.9 97,520 58,894 60.4 56,165 57.6 797 55,369 2,729 4.6 97,571 58,743 60.2 55,954 57.3 775 55,179 2,788 4.7 14,719 7,061 48.0 5,811 39.5 183 5,627 1,250 17.7 15,318 7,251 47.3 5,952 38.9 202 5,750 1,299 17.9 15,261 7,368 48.3 6,032 39.5 156 5,877 1,336 18.1 14,719 7,764 52.7 6,445 43.8 283 6,162 1,319 17.0 15,143 7,931 52.4 6,637 43.8 250 6,387 1,294 16.3 15,126 7,866 52.0 6,542 43.3 213 6,329 1,324 16.8 15,139 7,925 52.3 6,617 43.7 298 6,319 1,308 16.5 15,318 7,956 51.9 6,601 43.1 307 6,294 1,354 17.0 15,261 8,065 52.8 6,657 43.6 240 6,417 1,408 17.5 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population........... Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate...................... Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............. Agriculture............................... Nonagricultural industries................ Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate....................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Feb. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population............ 167,757 169,436 169,492 167,757 168,788 168,924 169,044 169,436 169,492 Civilian labor force.......................... 111,876 113,338 113,484 112,651 113,625 113,816 113,991 114,377 114,333 Participation rate........................ 66.7 66.9 67.0 67.2 67.3 67.4 67.4 67.5 67.5 Employed.................................... 105,887 107,425 107,863 107,192 108,527 108,570 108,734 109,151 109,197 Employment-population ratio............... 63.1 63.4 63.6 63.9 64.3 64.3 64.3 64.4 64.4 Unemployed.................................. 5,989 5,913 5,621 5,459 5,098 5,246 5,257 5,226 5,136 Unemployment rate......................... 5.4 5.2 5.0 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 57,855 76.9 54,908 73.0 2,947 5.1 58,691 77.2 55,803 73.4 2,888 4.9 58,622 77.1 55,899 73.5 2,723 4.6 58,141 77.3 55,681 74.0 2,460 4.2 58,539 77.4 56,294 74.4 2,245 3.8 58,549 77.3 56,276 74.3 2,273 3.9 58,623 77.4 56,356 74.4 2,267 3.9 59,042 77.7 56,653 74.5 2,388 4.0 58,968 77.5 56,692 74.5 2,275 3.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 47,922 59.3 45,846 56.7 2,076 4.3 48,473 59.6 46,423 57.1 2,050 4.2 48,603 59.8 46,700 57.4 1,902 3.9 47,927 59.3 45,885 56.7 2,042 4.3 48,380 59.6 46,439 57.2 1,941 4.0 48,558 59.8 46,530 57.3 2,028 4.2 48,686 59.9 46,614 57.3 2,072 4.3 48,631 59.8 46,750 57.5 1,881 3.9 48,619 59.8 46,747 57.5 1,872 3.9 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... Men..................................... Women................................... 6,098 52.3 5,133 44.0 965 15.8 17.2 14.3 6,174 50.9 5,198 42.9 976 15.8 17.3 14.3 6,259 51.6 5,264 43.4 995 15.9 16.3 15.5 6,583 56.5 5,626 48.3 957 14.5 15.4 13.6 6,706 56.1 5,794 48.5 912 13.6 15.4 11.6 6,709 56.0 5,764 48.1 945 14.1 15.5 12.6 6,682 55.6 5,764 48.0 918 13.7 14.8 12.6 6,704 55.3 5,747 47.4 957 14.3 14.9 13.6 6,746 55.6 5,758 47.5 988 14.6 14.6 14.7 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 23,455 14,632 62.4 13,116 55.9 1,516 10.4 23,847 15,141 63.5 13,474 56.5 1,667 11.0 23,872 15,170 63.5 13,465 56.4 1,705 11.2 23,455 14,862 63.4 13,326 56.8 1,536 10.3 23,728 15,276 64.4 13,647 57.5 1,629 10.7 23,762 15,290 64.3 13,673 57.5 1,617 10.6 23,794 15,306 64.3 13,693 57.5 1,613 10.5 23,847 15,372 64.5 13,709 57.5 1,663 10.8 23,872 15,408 64.5 13,672 57.3 1,736 11.3 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 6,713 71.7 5,992 64.0 721 10.7 6,749 71.0 6,061 63.7 687 10.2 6,733 70.7 6,079 63.8 654 9.7 6,743 72.0 6,076 64.9 667 9.9 6,838 72.4 6,199 65.6 639 9.3 6,899 72.7 6,264 66.0 635 9.2 6,833 72.0 6,235 65.7 598 8.8 6,829 71.8 6,198 65.2 632 9.2 6,765 71.0 6,159 64.7 605 9.0 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 7,181 61.0 6,616 56.2 565 7.9 7,560 63.3 6,852 57.4 708 9.4 7,564 63.3 6,803 56.9 761 10.1 7,249 61.6 6,666 56.6 583 8.0 7,487 63.0 6,822 57.4 665 8.9 7,499 63.0 6,833 57.4 666 8.9 7,544 63.3 6,851 57.5 693 9.2 7,574 63.4 6,880 57.6 694 9.2 7,636 63.9 6,851 57.3 785 10.3 738 31.9 507 21.9 230 31.2 31.0 31.4 833 34.8 560 23.4 272 32.7 43.2 24.0 872 36.4 583 24.3 290 33.2 37.4 29.5 870 37.6 584 25.3 286 32.9 32.5 33.3 951 39.6 626 26.1 325 34.2 36.5 31.9 892 37.5 576 24.2 316 35.4 41.2 30.0 929 38.9 607 25.4 322 34.7 38.6 31.2 969 40.4 631 26.3 337 34.8 42.7 27.5 1,007 42.0 662 27.6 346 34.3 37.4 31.3 18,977 12,503 65.9 11,203 59.0 1,299 10.4 20,013 13,600 68.0 12,349 61.7 1,251 9.2 20,067 13,529 67.4 12,337 61.5 1,192 8.8 18,977 12,589 66.3 11,388 60.0 1,201 9.5 19,398 12,989 67.0 11,928 61.5 1,061 8.2 19,454 13,182 67.8 12,094 62.2 1,088 8.3 19,505 13,150 67.4 12,141 62.2 1,009 7.7 20,013 13,795 68.9 12,653 63.2 1,142 8.3 20,067 13,640 68.0 12,538 62.5 1,102 8.1 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... Men..................................... Women................................... HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population............ Civilian labor force.......................... Participation rate........................ Employed.................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................. Unemployment rate......................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Feb. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over............... 124,137 126,384 126,887 125,706 127,617 127,644 127,855 128,580 128,430 Married men, spouse present................... 41,958 42,308 42,173 42,297 42,617 42,631 42,607 42,909 42,513 Married women, spouse present................. 32,197 32,531 32,611 32,153 32,537 32,509 32,631 32,826 32,578 Women who maintain families................... 7,310 7,433 7,571 7,299 7,392 7,444 7,500 7,501 7,556 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty......... Technical, sales, and administrative support.. Service occupations........................... Precision production, craft, and repair....... Operators, fabricators, and laborers.......... Farming, forestry, and fishing................ 35,957 37,141 16,744 13,331 17,763 3,201 37,357 37,744 16,793 13,610 17,854 3,027 37,591 37,845 17,067 13,702 17,752 2,930 35,887 37,328 16,843 13,777 18,161 3,709 36,917 37,951 17,295 13,587 18,235 3,565 37,177 37,821 17,408 13,508 18,259 3,445 37,234 37,902 17,271 13,574 18,310 3,496 37,478 38,163 17,171 13,902 18,317 3,528 37,525 38,073 17,170 14,140 18,144 3,388 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers..................... 1,655 1,648 1,664 1,933 1,813 1,829 1,878 1,988 1,932 Self-employed workers....................... 1,418 1,335 1,257 1,529 1,560 1,464 1,475 1,448 1,353 Unpaid family workers....................... 30 54 12 37 71 68 66 62 15 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers..................... 112,062 113,981 114,790 113,188 115,018 115,133 115,212 115,560 115,987 Government................................ 18,369 18,311 18,289 18,233 18,132 18,270 18,266 18,385 18,144 Private industries........................ 93,693 95,670 96,501 94,955 96,886 96,863 96,946 97,176 97,843 Private households...................... 874 941 863 894 992 956 934 1,002 882 Other industries........................ 92,819 94,729 95,638 94,061 95,894 95,907 96,012 96,174 96,962 Self-employed workers....................... 8,863 9,219 9,033 8,948 8,967 9,023 9,109 9,445 9,124 Unpaid family workers....................... 110 148 132 114 137 140 149 162 136 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons.............. Slack work or business conditions......... Could only find part-time work............ Part time for noneconomic reasons........... 4,597 2,766 1,542 18,386 4,541 2,735 1,474 18,450 4,419 2,616 1,485 18,865 4,429 2,509 1,608 17,621 4,286 2,258 1,683 17,754 3,983 2,107 1,559 17,957 4,338 2,353 1,653 17,868 4,426 2,423 1,552 18,340 4,262 2,378 1,550 18,070 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons.............. Slack work or business conditions......... Could only find part-time work............ Part time for noneconomic reasons........... 4,351 2,595 1,530 17,846 4,338 2,603 1,447 17,879 4,209 2,491 1,465 18,342 4,224 2,362 1,588 17,002 4,118 2,147 1,647 17,123 3,815 2,001 1,543 17,313 4,162 2,214 1,622 17,237 4,163 2,310 1,512 17,737 4,098 2,277 1,523 17,452 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Category Feb. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Total, 16 years and over....................... Men, 20 years and over....................... Women, 20 years and over..................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years................... 7,364 3,272 2,773 1,319 7,268 3,185 2,729 1,354 7,205 3,009 2,788 1,408 5.5 4.8 4.8 17.0 5.2 4.4 4.7 16.3 5.3 4.4 4.8 16.8 5.3 4.4 4.9 16.5 5.4 4.6 4.6 17.0 5.3 4.4 4.7 17.5 Married men, spouse present.................. Married women, spouse present................ Women who maintain families.................. 1,338 1,254 598 1,242 1,114 753 1,238 1,145 748 3.1 3.8 7.6 3.0 3.5 8.5 3.0 3.6 8.8 3.0 3.7 8.4 2.8 3.3 9.1 2.8 3.4 9.0 Full-time workers............................ Part-time workers............................ 5,875 1,488 5,809 1,426 5,706 1,497 5.4 6.0 5.1 5.6 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.8 5.2 5.7 5.1 6.0 854 1,749 846 1,618 308 814 1,771 782 1,568 286 817 1,724 701 1,609 273 2.3 4.5 5.8 8.2 7.7 2.2 4.5 5.5 7.7 7.0 2.3 4.5 5.7 7.7 7.7 2.4 4.6 5.4 7.6 7.7 2.1 4.4 5.3 7.9 7.5 2.1 4.3 4.7 8.1 7.5 5,666 1,760 38 720 1,002 609 393 3,906 283 1,659 171 1,793 551 228 5,558 1,708 33 705 971 569 401 3,850 288 1,657 267 1,639 550 186 5,517 1,627 26 645 956 508 448 3,890 310 1,702 222 1,656 544 186 5.6 6.2 6.3 10.8 4.8 4.9 4.6 5.4 4.0 6.4 2.3 5.6 2.9 10.6 5.3 5.8 5.8 9.6 4.7 4.4 5.1 5.1 4.4 6.2 2.9 5.0 2.9 10.0 5.5 6.1 4.9 10.3 4.7 4.5 5.1 5.2 3.5 6.3 2.9 5.3 2.8 10.9 5.4 5.9 7.6 9.4 4.8 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.0 6.2 3.1 5.2 3.0 10.3 5.4 6.0 6.0 10.1 4.6 4.4 4.8 5.2 4.1 6.4 3.5 4.9 2.9 8.6 5.3 5.6 4.2 9.0 4.5 4.0 5.3 5.2 4.3 6.5 3.0 5.0 2.9 8.8 CHARACTERISTIC OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty........ Technical, sales, and administrative support. Precision production, craft, and repair...... Operators, fabricators, and laborers......... Farming, forestry, and fishing............... INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers...................................... Goods-producing industries................. Mining................................... Construction............................. Manufacturing............................ Durable goods.......................... Nondurable goods....................... Service-producing industries............... Transportation and public utilities...... Wholesale and retail trade............... Finance, insurance, and real estate...... Services................................. Government workers........................... Agricultural wage and salary workers......... 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Feb. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Less than 5 weeks.............................. 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 15 weeks and over.............................. 15 to 26 weeks.............................. 27 weeks and over........................... 2,578 2,796 2,485 1,237 1,247 3,352 2,329 2,252 1,029 1,223 2,440 2,902 2,305 1,153 1,153 2,736 2,291 2,322 1,097 1,225 2,556 2,265 2,294 1,062 1,232 2,819 2,252 2,184 1,018 1,166 2,671 2,357 2,179 976 1,203 2,801 2,223 2,155 943 1,212 2,591 2,382 2,163 1,025 1,138 Average (mean) duration, in weeks.............. Median duration, in weeks...................... 16.3 8.3 15.3 7.4 15.7 8.6 16.6 8.1 16.7 8.3 16.0 7.7 15.8 7.8 16.0 7.7 16.0 8.4 100.0 32.8 35.6 31.6 15.7 15.9 100.0 42.3 29.4 28.4 13.0 15.4 100.0 31.9 37.9 30.1 15.1 15.1 100.0 37.2 31.2 31.6 14.9 16.7 100.0 35.9 31.8 32.2 14.9 17.3 100.0 38.9 31.0 30.1 14.0 16.1 100.0 37.1 32.7 30.2 13.5 16.7 100.0 39.0 31.0 30.0 13.1 16.9 100.0 36.3 33.4 30.3 14.4 15.9 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed............................... Less than 5 weeks............................ 5 to 14 weeks................................ 15 weeks and over............................ 15 to 26 weeks............................. 27 weeks and over.......................... NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Feb. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 4,099 1,458 2,641 1,883 758 776 2,465 519 4,027 1,502 2,526 1,666 860 858 2,525 523 3,659 1,327 2,332 1,608 724 813 2,608 567 3,543 1,041 2,502 (1) (1) 749 2,499 603 3,171 957 2,214 (1) (1) 797 2,489 577 3,261 994 2,267 (1) (1) 825 2,523 586 3,221 987 2,234 (1) (1) 845 2,556 626 3,245 953 2,293 (1) (1) 890 2,505 600 3,163 944 2,218 (1) (1) 787 2,648 647 52.2 18.6 33.6 9.9 31.4 6.6 50.8 18.9 31.8 10.8 31.8 6.6 47.8 17.4 30.5 10.6 34.1 7.4 47.9 14.1 33.8 10.1 33.8 8.2 45.1 13.6 31.5 11.3 35.4 8.2 45.3 13.8 31.5 11.5 35.1 8.1 44.4 13.6 30.8 11.7 35.3 8.6 44.8 13.2 31.7 12.3 34.6 8.3 43.7 13.0 30.6 10.9 36.6 8.9 3.1 .6 1.9 .4 3.0 .6 1.9 .4 2.7 .6 1.9 .4 2.7 .6 1.9 .5 2.4 .6 1.8 .4 2.4 .6 1.9 .4 2.4 .6 1.9 .5 2.4 .7 1.8 .4 2.3 .6 2.0 .5 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs..... On temporary layoff................................... Not on temporary layoff............................... Permanent job losers................................ Persons who completed temporary jobs................ Job leavers............................................. Reentrants.............................................. New entrants............................................ PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed........................................ Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.... On temporary layoff.................................. Not on temporary layoff.............................. Job leavers............................................ Reentrants............................................. New entrants........................................... UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs.... Job leavers............................................ Reentrants............................................. New entrants........................................... 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Feb. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force....................... 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.6 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force.................................................... 3.1 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate).............. 6.0 5.9 5.7 5.5 5.2 5.3 5.3 5.4 5.3 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....................................... 6.3 6.2 5.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............... 7.2 7.0 6.8 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers.. 10.7 10.4 10.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Age and sex Feb. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997 Feb. 1997 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years.................................. 16 to 19 years................................ 16 to 17 years.............................. 18 to 19 years.............................. 20 to 24 years................................ 25 years and over............................... 25 to 54 years................................ 55 years and over............................. 7,364 2,612 1,319 640 643 1,293 4,767 4,191 568 7,268 2,625 1,354 567 787 1,270 4,590 4,137 501 7,205 2,583 1,408 655 712 1,175 4,638 4,142 485 5.5 12.3 17.0 19.9 14.3 9.6 4.3 4.4 3.6 5.2 11.7 16.3 18.0 15.3 8.9 4.0 4.2 3.2 5.3 11.9 16.8 17.0 17.0 9.0 4.1 4.2 3.1 5.3 11.9 16.5 19.3 14.7 9.1 4.1 4.2 3.3 5.4 12.2 17.0 17.7 16.6 9.4 4.0 4.2 3.1 5.3 12.0 17.5 19.7 15.2 8.7 4.1 4.2 3.0 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 4,002 1,464 730 360 335 734 2,561 2,254 305 3,942 1,468 757 336 418 711 2,441 2,174 293 3,755 1,361 746 338 369 615 2,419 2,117 299 5.6 13.1 18.0 21.6 14.3 10.3 4.2 4.4 3.5 5.1 12.3 18.1 19.6 17.1 8.9 3.8 4.0 3.0 5.2 12.5 18.4 18.9 19.0 9.2 3.9 4.0 3.1 5.1 12.3 17.4 20.6 15.4 9.3 3.8 3.9 3.4 5.4 12.9 18.4 20.4 17.1 9.8 4.0 4.1 3.2 5.1 12.0 17.9 19.6 15.4 8.6 3.9 4.0 3.3 Women, 16 years and over........................ 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 3,362 1,148 589 280 308 559 2,206 1,937 263 3,327 1,157 598 231 369 559 2,148 1,963 208 3,450 1,222 662 317 343 560 2,219 2,025 186 5.5 11.5 15.9 18.0 14.4 8.9 4.3 4.4 3.7 5.3 11.0 14.4 16.2 13.4 8.9 4.2 4.4 3.4 5.5 11.3 15.2 15.1 15.0 8.9 4.3 4.5 3.0 5.5 11.4 15.5 18.1 14.0 8.9 4.5 4.7 3.3 5.3 11.4 15.5 14.9 16.2 8.9 4.1 4.3 2.9 5.5 11.9 16.9 19.7 15.0 8.8 4.2 4.5 2.6 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Feb. 1996 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Feb. 1997 67,777 5,836 1,838 67,854 5,267 1,546 24,775 2,284 826 25,107 2,237 746 43,002 3,551 1,012 42,747 3,030 800 455 1,383 364 1,182 253 573 235 511 202 811 129 671 Total multiple jobholders(4).................................... Percent of total employed................................... 7,861 6.3 7,869 6.2 4,150 6.2 4,092 6.0 3,711 6.4 3,777 6.4 Primary job full time, secondary job part time.............. Primary and secondary jobs both part time................... Primary and secondary jobs both full time................... Hours vary on primary or secondary job...................... 4,415 1,730 226 1,456 4,392 1,722 218 1,507 2,612 522 160 831 2,577 497 146 852 1,803 1,207 67 625 1,815 1,225 72 655 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force.................................... Persons who currently want a job.............................. Searched for work and available to work now(1)............. Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................. Reasons other than discouragement(3)............... MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 1997, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Feb. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Feb. 1997p Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Feb. 1997p Total......................... 117,147 121,517 118,933 119,733 118,579 120,311 120,492 120,723 120,970 121,309 Total private.................... 97,472 101,630 99,455 99,860 99,214 100,803 100,995 101,199 101,420 101,713 Goods-producing......................... 23,607 24,280 23,767 23,813 24,254 24,284 24,319 24,356 24,389 24,498 Mining................................ Metal mining........................ Coal mining......................... Oil and gas extraction.............. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 559 50.0 101.5 307.6 99.6 565 51.6 96.8 310.7 106.1 556 51.4 96.5 307.7 100.1 555 51.5 95.5 306.4 101.3 573 51 102 313 107 566 52 98 308 108 566 52 97 308 109 566 52 97 308 109 568 52 97 309 110 570 53 96 311 110 Construction.......................... 4,823 5,424 5,065 5,091 General building contractors........ 1,137.3 1,245.1 1,191.1 1,184.6 Heavy construction, except building. 633.5 720.4 636.3 655.6 Special trade contractors........... 3,052.3 3,458.3 3,237.9 3,251.1 5,349 1,218 764 3,367 5,464 1,233 765 3,466 5,491 1,241 764 3,486 5,520 1,250 766 3,504 5,535 1,259 766 3,510 5,644 1,269 790 3,585 Manufacturing......................... Production workers................ 18,225 12,585 18,291 12,634 18,146 12,512 18,167 12,533 18,332 12,671 18,254 12,606 18,262 12,613 18,270 12,616 18,286 12,625 18,284 12,632 Durable goods........................ Production workers................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Computer and office equipment..... Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Electronic components and accessories.................... Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Aircraft and parts................ Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 10,622 7,272 742.3 501.4 516.1 708.4 10,736 7,357 769.9 505.4 533.2 705.1 10,665 7,300 758.0 502.5 517.2 703.6 10,684 7,320 757.7 503.1 518.8 703.8 10,659 7,298 756 502 536 708 10,684 7,318 769 499 538 702 10,694 7,327 771 501 537 703 10,710 7,333 771 503 539 702 10,730 7,350 771 503 538 704 10,735 7,360 772 504 540 704 239.0 234.8 234.3 233.6 1,440.5 1,467.6 1,457.7 1,460.2 2,085.7 2,094.8 2,097.9 2,104.1 355.6 361.6 363.1 360.4 240 1,443 2,083 357 234 1,459 2,088 360 234 1,461 2,087 360 233 1,462 2,092 361 235 1,463 2,101 363 234 1,464 2,103 362 1,651.2 1,651.6 1,642.6 1,643.0 1,652 1,648 1,647 1,645 1,643 1,645 613.8 612.5 611.4 613.9 1,760.8 1,788.9 1,775.3 1,780.8 958.5 962.7 949.1 951.5 446.1 473.6 476.3 479.8 830.4 833.5 829.1 829.2 385.3 385.8 381.2 383.4 614 1,759 957 446 831 389 611 1,764 950 463 833 384 611 1,772 952 468 830 385 611 1,776 953 472 834 386 612 1,787 959 476 831 389 614 1,784 953 481 830 389 Nondurable goods..................... 7,603 7,555 7,481 7,483 Production workers................ 5,313 5,277 5,212 5,213 Food and kindred products........... 1,627.4 1,635.2 1,614.6 1,614.0 Tobacco products.................... 42.4 43.7 42.8 41.2 Textile mill products............... 641.2 627.9 624.4 624.2 Apparel and other textile products.. 867.6 820.7 802.0 802.8 Paper and allied products........... 678.3 675.1 670.7 669.1 Printing and publishing............. 1,528.3 1,534.3 1,521.8 1,522.3 Chemicals and allied products....... 1,021.8 1,014.5 1,011.1 1,012.9 Petroleum and coal products......... 136.2 135.2 132.5 132.8 Rubber and misc. plastics products.. 961.2 974.3 967.7 972.3 Leather and leather products........ 98.2 94.1 93.3 91.7 7,673 5,373 1,675 41 644 873 682 1,531 1,025 140 963 99 7,570 5,288 1,641 41 633 834 674 1,528 1,017 138 971 93 7,568 5,286 1,647 42 628 829 675 1,525 1,017 139 974 92 7,560 5,283 1,649 41 628 824 674 1,523 1,016 138 973 94 7,556 5,275 1,659 40 629 813 673 1,524 1,016 136 972 94 7,549 5,272 1,656 40 626 808 673 1,525 1,016 137 975 93 95,920 94,325 96,027 96,173 96,367 96,581 96,811 Transportation and public utilities... 6,200 6,402 6,306 6,325 Transportation...................... 3,938 4,118 4,030 4,049 Railroad transportation........... 230.7 228.0 224.6 224.6 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 451.1 478.7 475.0 478.1 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,825.5 1,901.4 1,824.4 1,830.5 Water transportation.............. 163.5 168.8 167.9 168.0 Transportation by air............. 824.0 878.6 876.3 879.7 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 14.0 13.7 13.7 13.7 Transportation services........... 429.2 449.0 448.1 454.2 Communications and public utilities. 2,262 2,284 2,276 2,276 Communications.................... 1,364.4 1,399.8 1,396.9 1,400.7 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 897.5 883.9 879.0 875.1 6,270 3,994 234 6,338 4,059 231 6,350 4,062 229 6,340 4,057 229 6,374 4,087 229 6,395 4,106 228 439 1,879 171 827 14 430 2,276 1,371 458 1,877 172 859 14 448 2,279 1,393 460 1,870 172 868 14 449 2,288 1,401 462 1,852 172 878 14 450 2,283 1,397 466 1,873 176 878 14 451 2,287 1,404 466 1,883 175 884 14 456 2,289 1,408 Service-producing....................... 93,540 97,237 95,166 905 886 887 886 883 881 6,625 3,890 2,735 21,439 6,529 3,826 2,703 21,340 6,643 3,885 2,758 21,803 6,651 3,890 2,761 21,857 6,655 3,894 2,761 21,931 6,662 3,897 2,765 21,929 6,683 3,913 2,770 21,978 832.9 936.7 891.0 889.6 2,577.5 3,072.7 2,762.7 2,698.5 2,269.9 2,701.9 2,440.0 2,390.6 3,362.3 3,523.3 3,452.4 3,442.5 880 2,674 2,354 3,401 936 2,765 2,442 3,454 942 2,770 2,444 3,462 948 2,781 2,454 3,461 941 2,735 2,418 3,474 941 2,789 2,475 3,482 2,203.8 2,300.9 2,287.3 2,293.1 1,009.2 1,040.8 1,040.5 1,044.9 1,067.3 1,201.8 1,107.7 1,067.5 2,234 1,015 1,099 2,303 1,041 1,108 2,309 1,042 1,106 2,313 1,044 1,102 2,316 1,047 1,108 2,323 1,050 1,100 944.1 1,057.4 1,022.1 1,006.0 7,194.2 7,504.0 7,236.9 7,295.6 2,639.5 2,940.4 2,765.2 2,746.2 949 7,440 2,663 998 7,517 2,722 1,005 7,527 2,736 1,016 7,558 2,752 1,016 7,578 2,761 1,011 7,568 2,764 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 6,863 7,033 7,013 7,024 Finance............................. 3,278 3,369 3,372 3,381 Depository institutions........... 2,015.7 2,035.3 2,035.0 2,029.9 Commercial banks................ 1,460.3 1,481.2 1,482.0 1,478.2 Savings institutions............ 266.2 256.3 255.2 253.3 Nondepository institutions........ 495.8 533.7 535.1 538.2 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 222.9 241.0 242.4 244.1 Security and commodity brokers.... 528.7 554.6 556.6 561.5 Holding and other investment offices........................ 237.8 245.2 245.4 251.4 Insurance........................... 2,250 2,262 2,259 2,258 Insurance carriers................ 1,544.1 1,548.3 1,546.5 1,543.4 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 705.7 714.0 712.1 714.2 Real estate......................... 1,335 1,402 1,382 1,385 6,919 3,288 2,023 1,467 266 496 (1) 531 7,026 3,355 2,035 1,478 260 526 (1) 549 7,038 3,361 2,035 1,479 258 530 (1) 552 7,052 3,369 2,035 1,480 257 533 (1) 555 7,065 3,381 2,036 1,485 256 536 (1) 560 7,078 3,389 2,037 1,484 255 536 (1) 564 238 2,255 1,547 245 2,263 1,551 244 2,264 1,550 246 2,265 1,551 249 2,261 1,549 252 2,262 1,547 708 1,376 712 1,408 714 1,413 714 1,418 712 1,423 715 1,427 33,902 602 1,657 1,174 7,026 899 2,552 2,254 34,709 621 1,690 1,184 7,292 894 2,697 2,391 34,780 628 1,692 1,185 7,285 885 2,672 2,362 34,865 623 1,700 1,183 7,326 885 2,690 2,379 35,001 635 1,710 1,195 7,391 875 2,766 2,451 35,081 638 1,712 1,204 7,406 882 2,729 2,404 Wholesale trade....................... Durable goods....................... Nondurable goods.................... Retail trade.......................... Building materials and garden supplies......................... General merchandise stores.......... Department stores................. Food stores......................... Automotive dealers and service stations......................... New and used car dealers.......... Apparel and accessory stores........ Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... Eating and drinking places.......... Miscellaneous retail establishments. Services2............................. Agricultural services............... Hotels and other lodging places..... Personal services................... Business services................... Services to buildings............. Personnel supply services......... Help supply services............ 6,470 3,804 2,666 20,822 33,510 507.5 1,570.6 1,246.2 6,875.1 887.7 2,437.0 2,147.9 6,659 3,894 2,765 22,537 34,719 574.0 1,627.8 1,167.7 7,385.8 881.7 2,746.9 2,428.4 6,609 3,879 2,730 21,525 34,235 531.1 1,598.9 1,241.0 7,197.8 864.9 2,584.0 2,282.5 34,634 533.1 1,620.9 1,273.2 7,222.7 871.0 2,573.0 2,258.8 Computer and data processing services....................... Auto repair, services, and parking.. Miscellaneous repair services....... Motion pictures..................... Amusement and recreation services... Health services..................... Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ Nursing and personal care facilities..................... Hospitals......................... Home health care services......... Legal services...................... Educational services................ Social services..................... Child day care services........... Residential care.................. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... Membership organizations............ Engineering and management services. Engineering and architectural services....................... Management and public relations... Services, nec....................... Government............................ Federal............................. Federal, except Postal Service.... State............................... Education......................... Other State government............ Local............................... Education......................... Other local government............ 1,148.8 1,052.4 354.6 512.3 1,326.3 9,440.6 1,265.1 1,122.9 368.4 534.0 1,393.5 9,693.0 1,288.8 1,133.6 363.0 520.8 1,390.0 9,695.8 1,148 1,059 359 515 1,505 9,463 1,239 1,117 366 536 1,534 9,642 1,251 1,121 370 530 1,545 9,666 1,262 1,128 370 532 1,559 9,679 1,275 1,131 368 524 1,570 9,708 1,288 1,142 368 524 1,566 9,722 1,639.1 1,702.8 1,702.6 1,710.8 1,644 1,689 1,694 1,697 1,712 1,718 1,716.8 3,827.8 647.9 921.8 2,101.8 2,372.1 578.2 651.2 1,757.9 3,882.3 661.7 944.0 2,136.2 2,431.2 592.7 677.0 1,722 3,833 653 927 1,985 2,372 568 654 1,754 3,869 663 937 2,015 2,416 580 673 1,757 3,875 668 941 2,025 2,420 579 675 1,760 3,880 665 943 2,021 2,416 575 676 1,762 3,880 667 943 2,007 2,424 580 677 1,765 3,887 665 947 2,018 2,431 581 680 75.5 84.1 78.9 78.9 2,115.2 2,141.4 2,115.9 2,128.6 2,847.0 2,936.5 2,933.8 2,968.5 83 2,137 2,847 85 2,151 2,930 86 2,152 2,941 87 2,153 2,952 86 2,152 2,963 87 2,151 2,971 1,763.1 3,879.6 666.7 940.9 2,130.4 2,425.2 589.0 675.5 1,275.9 1,117.2 363.0 520.4 1,344.4 9,677.6 1,756.8 3,874.8 663.2 939.6 1,971.5 2,410.9 585.5 673.4 812.7 874.5 44.0 855.9 937.9 46.2 852.6 929.9 46.2 854.2 943.2 46.5 827 881 (3) 854 922 (3) 859 935 (3) 859 942 (3) 862 943 (3) 867 950 (3) 19,675 2,768 1,916.1 4,740 2,066.5 2,673.4 12,167 6,993.7 5,173.3 19,887 2,757 1,854.5 4,726 2,073.9 2,652.2 12,404 7,143.9 5,260.0 19,478 2,705 1,838.9 4,584 1,927.7 2,656.4 12,189 6,961.3 5,227.2 19,873 2,710 1,848.1 4,760 2,097.8 2,662.4 12,403 7,159.7 5,243.1 19,365 2,780 1,926 4,636 1,945 2,691 11,949 6,659 5,290 19,508 2,731 1,878 4,640 1,960 2,680 12,137 6,794 5,343 19,497 2,733 1,873 4,640 1,960 2,680 12,124 6,798 5,326 19,524 2,729 1,870 4,642 1,963 2,679 12,153 6,801 5,352 19,550 2,726 1,861 4,640 1,960 2,680 12,184 6,824 5,360 19,596 2,723 1,859 4,659 1,979 2,680 12,214 6,851 5,363 1 This series is not suitable for seasonal adjustment because it has very little seasonal and irregular movement. Thus, the not seasonally adjusted series can be used for analysis of cyclical and long-term trends. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. 3 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Feb. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Feb. 1997p Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Feb. 1997p Total private.................... 34.1 34.9 33.9 34.5 34.5 34.3 34.6 34.8 34.2 35.0 Goods-producing......................... 40.7 41.8 40.4 40.7 41.1 41.0 41.1 41.3 40.8 41.3 Mining................................ 45.1 46.0 44.2 45.8 45.3 45.4 44.8 45.7 44.3 46.4 Construction.......................... 38.1 38.5 36.3 37.5 39.7 38.8 38.9 38.8 37.8 39.1 Manufacturing......................... Overtime hours.................... 41.3 4.2 42.8 5.1 41.5 4.5 41.5 4.4 41.4 4.3 41.7 4.4 41.7 4.5 42.0 4.6 41.7 4.6 41.9 4.7 Durable goods........................ Overtime hours.................... 42.1 4.5 43.6 5.5 42.2 4.8 42.4 4.8 42.2 4.6 42.4 4.7 42.4 4.7 42.7 4.9 42.4 5.0 42.7 5.0 Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 39.8 38.5 42.4 44.1 41.2 41.5 43.1 45.3 39.5 39.4 40.9 44.5 40.2 39.0 42.0 44.6 40.6 39.1 43.5 44.1 40.9 39.5 43.3 44.4 41.0 39.8 43.2 44.1 41.0 40.2 43.4 44.6 40.3 39.8 42.3 44.4 40.8 39.9 43.5 44.7 44.6 42.0 43.3 45.1 43.6 44.4 44.7 42.1 43.3 44.5 42.2 43.5 44.9 42.0 43.0 44.6 42.4 42.9 44.7 42.3 43.0 44.6 42.5 43.2 44.8 42.1 43.1 44.6 42.5 43.5 41.5 43.3 44.1 41.8 39.3 42.9 45.5 46.5 43.1 41.1 41.1 44.7 45.6 41.6 39.7 41.3 44.3 45.2 42.0 40.2 41.6 43.1 43.7 41.8 39.5 41.5 43.9 44.7 41.7 39.8 41.4 44.1 44.6 41.8 40.0 41.8 44.5 45.1 42.1 40.6 41.0 45.1 46.0 41.5 40.1 41.7 44.4 45.3 42.3 40.8 Nondurable goods..................... Overtime hours.................... 40.1 3.8 41.6 4.5 40.5 4.0 40.4 3.9 40.5 4.0 40.6 4.1 40.7 4.1 41.0 4.3 40.7 4.2 40.8 4.2 Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 40.4 38.8 40.1 36.8 42.8 37.9 43.1 42.8 41.3 37.1 42.0 41.9 41.9 37.9 44.6 39.0 44.4 43.9 42.6 39.2 40.8 38.9 40.9 36.9 43.7 37.8 43.4 45.0 41.4 37.6 40.9 38.9 40.2 36.8 43.1 38.1 43.4 41.4 41.4 38.0 41.2 39.8 40.5 36.8 43.1 38.2 43.2 (2) 41.3 37.6 41.1 39.9 40.9 37.4 43.4 38.2 43.2 (2) 41.5 38.4 41.2 40.6 41.3 37.4 43.6 38.2 43.3 (2) 41.2 39.0 41.4 41.6 41.6 37.4 43.8 38.4 43.6 (2) 41.8 38.8 41.1 39.1 41.1 37.1 43.6 38.2 43.4 (2) 41.2 37.9 41.5 41.1 40.5 37.1 43.5 38.5 43.6 (2) 41.5 39.0 Service-producing....................... 32.4 33.1 32.2 32.9 32.7 32.6 32.8 33.0 32.4 33.3 Transportation and public utilities... 39.4 40.0 39.0 39.8 39.8 39.6 39.9 40.0 39.3 40.1 Wholesale trade....................... 38.0 38.7 37.9 38.5 38.3 38.1 38.3 38.6 38.1 38.8 Retail trade.......................... 28.2 29.3 28.0 28.8 28.8 28.7 29.0 28.9 28.7 29.5 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.7 36.7 35.7 36.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.2 32.7 32.0 32.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Feb. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Feb. 1997p Feb. 1996 Total private.................... Seasonally adjusted............. $11.69 11.65 $12.06 12.04 $12.11 12.06 $12.13 12.09 $398.63 401.93 Goods-producing......................... 13.18 13.72 13.68 13.66 Mining................................ 15.62 15.94 16.12 Construction.......................... 15.14 15.63 Manufacturing......................... 12.57 13.07 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 13.13 10.23 9.95 12.56 14.71 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Feb. 1997p $420.89 418.99 $410.53 412.45 $418.49 423.15 536.43 573.50 552.67 555.96 15.98 704.46 733.24 712.50 731.88 15.71 15.63 576.83 601.76 570.27 586.13 13.04 13.02 519.14 559.40 541.16 540.33 13.64 10.61 10.42 12.93 15.16 13.61 10.57 10.39 13.00 15.13 13.59 10.59 10.34 13.06 15.08 552.77 407.15 383.08 532.54 648.71 594.70 437.13 432.43 557.28 686.75 574.34 417.52 409.37 531.70 673.29 576.22 425.72 403.26 548.52 672.57 17.50 12.29 13.40 17.97 12.76 13.98 17.75 12.73 13.91 17.78 12.73 13.89 780.50 516.18 580.22 810.45 556.34 620.71 793.43 535.93 602.30 791.21 537.21 604.22 11.87 16.99 17.54 12.94 10.26 12.53 17.61 18.20 13.39 10.60 12.48 17.47 18.06 13.38 10.60 12.44 17.44 18.00 13.37 10.60 492.61 735.67 773.51 540.89 403.22 537.54 801.26 846.30 577.11 435.66 512.93 780.91 823.54 556.61 420.82 513.77 772.59 813.60 561.54 426.12 11.80 11.05 18.32 9.54 7.81 14.43 12.48 15.98 19.53 11.14 8.42 12.24 11.47 18.94 9.91 8.14 14.95 12.90 16.48 20.25 11.50 8.83 12.21 11.41 18.89 9.93 8.09 14.87 12.87 16.41 20.03 11.49 8.84 12.20 11.33 19.10 9.89 8.16 14.84 12.89 16.50 20.04 11.45 8.87 473.18 446.42 710.82 382.55 287.41 617.60 472.99 688.74 835.88 460.08 312.38 509.18 481.74 793.59 415.23 308.51 666.77 503.10 731.71 888.98 489.90 346.14 494.51 465.53 734.82 406.14 298.52 649.82 486.49 712.19 901.35 475.69 332.38 492.88 463.40 742.99 397.58 300.29 639.60 491.11 716.10 829.66 474.03 337.06 Service-producing....................... 11.20 11.51 11.61 11.64 362.88 380.98 373.84 382.96 Transportation and public utilities... $14.45 $14.66 $14.79 $14.67 $569.33 $586.40 $576.81 $583.87 Wholesale trade....................... 12.66 13.17 13.15 13.24 481.08 509.68 498.39 509.74 Retail trade.......................... 7.87 8.15 8.23 8.23 221.93 238.80 230.44 237.02 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 12.71 13.03 13.01 13.18 453.75 478.20 464.46 482.39 Services.............................. 11.72 12.17 12.19 12.23 377.38 397.96 390.08 399.92 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent change from: Jan. 1997Feb. 1997 Feb. 1996 Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Feb. 1997p Total private: Current dollars.............. Constant (1982) dollars2..... $11.65 7.41 $11.90 7.41 $11.99 7.45 $12.04 7.46 $12.06 7.46 $12.09 N.A. 0.2 (3) Goods-producing............... Mining...................... Construction................ Manufacturing............... Excluding overtime4....... 13.26 15.49 15.23 12.56 11.93 13.57 15.65 15.55 12.88 12.21 13.62 15.76 15.55 12.94 12.27 13.69 15.90 15.66 12.99 12.30 13.73 15.97 15.73 13.03 12.34 13.75 15.88 15.74 13.02 12.32 .1 -.6 .1 -.1 -.2 Service-producing............. Transportation and public utilities................ Wholesale trade............. Retail trade................ Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Services.................... 11.11 11.35 11.45 11.50 11.50 11.54 .3 14.43 12.63 7.85 14.50 12.91 8.09 14.59 13.05 8.13 14.61 13.16 8.16 14.79 13.08 8.18 14.63 13.21 8.20 -1.1 1.0 .2 12.60 11.62 12.86 11.90 13.02 12.02 13.01 12.07 12.96 12.05 13.10 12.13 1.1 .7 Industry 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .0 percent from December 1996 to January 1997, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Feb. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Feb. 1997p Feb. 1996 Dec. 1996 Jan. 1997p Feb. 1997p Total private.................... 131.3 140.5 133.1 136.2 138.2 139.3 137.1 140.8 Goods-producing......................... 105.6 112.5 105.6 110.5 110.9 111.6 110.4 112.6 Mining................................ 52.9 55.5 54.9 54.7 53.9 55.1 54.0 56.8 Construction.......................... 126.3 Manufacturing......................... 104.7 131.5 150.5 149.0 150.5 151.3 147.9 156.8 105.0 105.9 105.9 106.1 106.8 106.1 106.8 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 107.6 130.1 123.4 98.8 92.7 108.2 132.0 122.2 102.0 92.9 107.4 133.1 121.7 109.7 91.9 108.2 137.1 122.6 109.9 92.4 108.4 137.9 123.9 109.2 91.6 109.3 137.7 125.4 110.2 92.6 108.8 135.3 124.5 107.1 92.2 109.7 137.2 125.4 110.7 93.0 73.2 119.6 107.3 72.2 114.6 104.8 71.7 115.1 105.9 73.8 112.9 103.2 72.5 115.5 102.8 72.6 115.4 103.2 72.1 115.9 104.0 72.8 115.0 104.4 72.5 116.3 105.6 108.8 119.2 161.7 73.7 100.6 111.1 127.8 170.7 76.1 105.0 105.9 124.2 164.7 73.2 100.3 106.6 123.5 163.9 73.9 102.5 108.7 118.6 159.9 73.6 102.2 107.4 121.4 161.8 73.6 101.1 107.2 122.7 161.7 73.6 102.0 107.9 123.9 163.9 74.2 103.9 105.6 126.3 167.8 73.1 103.8 107.8 123.8 164.0 74.5 105.6 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 101.9 108.7 63.0 90.5 77.0 107.2 122.4 100.9 70.4 139.2 43.5 104.8 114.5 71.8 92.8 74.7 111.7 126.3 101.4 73.0 145.8 44.1 100.9 109.5 65.2 90.1 71.2 108.8 120.6 98.9 72.9 140.6 41.4 100.6 109.5 62.6 88.6 71.1 107.4 121.4 98.9 67.9 141.2 41.0 103.9 114.8 63.1 91.7 77.5 108.6 123.4 101.3 73.6 139.6 44.5 102.7 112.4 63.2 91.3 74.8 108.8 122.8 99.2 73.4 141.5 42.5 102.8 113.2 66.4 91.3 74.3 109.3 122.8 99.4 74.8 140.9 42.5 103.4 114.2 65.9 92.1 73.9 109.8 123.2 99.8 75.5 142.6 43.5 102.5 114.0 60.0 91.0 72.5 109.0 122.2 99.1 76.3 140.3 41.9 102.7 114.7 65.1 89.5 72.2 109.2 122.9 99.8 71.2 142.1 42.5 Service-producing....................... 142.8 153.0 145.4 149.4 146.6 149.0 150.5 151.7 149.0 153.4 Transportation and public utilities... 125.5 132.0 126.7 129.5 128.4 129.2 130.4 130.6 129.1 132.0 Wholesale trade....................... 121.7 127.5 123.7 126.1 124.0 125.4 126.3 127.2 125.7 128.4 Retail trade.......................... 126.9 143.5 130.2 133.1 133.1 135.5 137.1 137.1 136.0 140.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 123.2 129.8 125.8 129.4 124.4 125.0 127.6 130.6 125.6 130.6 Services.............................. 171.2 179.9 173.7 179.6 174.5 178.2 179.4 181.5 177.6 182.9 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. Oct. 1996 Nov. 1996 135.5 137.1 106.8 110.8 52.4 54.2 146.7 126.6 109.0 104.7 106.7 127.8 120.1 102.2 92.1 112.0 138.2 130.5 108.3 94.6 73.2 112.6 104.5 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1993.............. 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 60.0 58.8 63.2 52.4 p58.8 60.8 62.1 59.3 63.2 p55.9 51.3 66.0 54.9 60.0 58.6 64.2 54.6 52.4 61.7 60.3 51.4 62.2 55.2 63.5 55.1 57.4 57.7 61.5 54.1 55.8 57.0 62.1 57.4 57.3 61.8 60.8 51.8 52.7 59.7 61.5 54.8 63.1 61.8 63.1 56.3 57.2 59.6 63.9 59.4 59.0 Over 3-month span: 1993.............. 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 63.8 67.1 66.6 60.7 p64.5 61.2 69.5 63.2 61.8 61.1 70.4 56.9 61.2 59.8 68.7 53.4 60.0 63.1 66.4 54.2 61.0 62.9 66.0 52.9 63.6 59.7 68.5 56.6 60.3 63.1 69.5 53.8 56.7 64.5 65.3 54.2 60.8 67.1 65.6 54.6 60.0 64.6 68.0 58.3 64.6 63.5 67.8 57.0 p62.9 Over 6-month span: 1993.............. 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 63.3 70.8 66.3 60.3 65.2 71.6 60.8 62.9 63.8 69.0 58.7 63.8 64.2 69.8 54.4 63.8 62.4 69.5 53.5 62.6 65.9 69.5 54.1 59.0 65.7 69.2 53.1 65.2 63.9 69.0 56.3 62.6 66.3 69.2 55.9 61.8 67.3 68.5 54.1 p63.8 70.6 69.1 56.2 p64.6 69.5 66.6 61.8 Over 12-month span: 1993.............. 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 64.9 70.2 62.6 61.0 63.9 71.6 60.8 61.7 64.0 71.8 60.1 61.5 65.4 71.8 61.2 61.1 67.0 72.1 58.1 62.8 67.6 71.8 57.7 64.3 67.6 71.5 54.5 p64.0 67.0 72.1 58.7 p64.0 70.2 70.1 58.6 69.5 69.4 57.3 69.2 65.7 59.4 70.1 65.0 59.8 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1993.............. 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 52.5 56.5 56.8 42.1 p53.2 56.5 60.1 55.0 48.2 p48.2 50.7 59.7 46.0 48.2 45.7 58.6 45.3 39.6 54.0 53.2 39.2 53.2 45.7 57.9 40.3 49.6 49.3 57.6 45.0 43.9 49.3 53.6 45.0 50.0 59.4 55.8 42.4 44.6 53.2 54.7 45.3 54.3 53.6 57.2 46.4 48.2 55.0 59.4 47.5 52.9 Over 3-month span: 1993.............. 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 60.8 63.7 60.4 38.8 p54.0 58.3 64.4 51.8 39.9 53.2 66.2 43.5 37.8 47.8 60.8 34.9 43.2 48.9 56.1 33.1 45.3 54.0 56.8 32.0 47.5 50.4 60.8 33.1 45.7 58.3 58.6 35.6 40.6 57.6 54.0 38.8 50.7 59.7 56.1 39.6 47.1 54.7 60.1 40.6 51.8 57.6 60.8 38.8 p51.8 Over 6-month span: 1993.............. 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 56.5 62.2 55.4 32.0 59.0 64.4 45.0 37.4 56.8 60.4 38.5 37.1 55.4 61.5 33.5 38.1 50.7 59.0 27.7 42.4 57.9 56.8 28.8 37.8 59.4 56.5 28.8 48.6 56.5 57.2 30.6 43.5 57.6 60.1 33.5 45.0 58.6 55.8 33.1 p51.4 64.4 59.7 34.2 p47.8 60.8 55.8 38.8 Over 12-month span: 1993.............. 1994.............. 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 56.8 57.9 42.1 33.1 57.9 58.6 40.3 33.1 55.8 60.8 39.9 33.8 58.6 60.8 40.6 35.6 57.2 60.8 34.5 37.1 57.6 63.3 31.7 41.0 58.6 59.4 25.9 p40.3 59.0 60.1 28.8 p40.6 61.2 57.2 28.1 59.7 55.8 24.1 60.1 49.6 27.0 57.6 47.5 29.1 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
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