Full text of The Employment Situation : February 1989

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information: (202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
Media contact:
523-1913

United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 89-113
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
MARCH 10, 1989

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: FEBRUARY 1989
Employment continued to increase in February and
unemployment
declined, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today.
Both the overall and the civilian worker unemployment
rates were 5.1 percent, down from 5.4 percent in January.
Nonagricultural payroll jobs, as measured by the survey of business
establishments, rose by 290,000 in February, with the gains confined to the
service-producing industries.
Total civilian employment, as measured by
the household survey, rose only slightly, following a very large gain in
January.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons dropped to a seasonally adjusted
level of 6.3 million in February.
As a result, the civilian worker
unemployment rate fell to 5.1 percent, the lowest since May 1974. The rate
was 5.3 or 5.4 percent in the prior 5 months. (See table A-2.)
The February decline in unemployment was limited essentially to youth
16-24 years of age. The rate for teenagers dropped by 1.6 percentage
points to 14.8 percent, after rising by the same magnitude in January, and
the 20-24 young adult rate fell 1.2 points to 8.1 percent.
There was
little change among adults 25 years and over. The unemployment rate for
Hispanicfl, which often fluctuates from month to month, fell by 1.6
percentage points to 6.8 percent. The rate for white workers (4.3 percent)
also declined, while that for blacks (11.9 percent) was about unchanged.
(See tables A-2, A-3, and A-9.)
The unemployment decrease in February occurred among persons jobless
for more than 5 weeks. The proportion jobless for 27 weeks and over fell
to 10 percent of the unemployed, the lowest in nearly 9 years. Both the
mean (average) and median duration of unemployment declined—to 12.1 and
5.3 weeks, respectively.
The number of unemployed persons who had lost
their jobs also dropped over the month to 2.9 million.
(See tables A-7
and A-8.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Following a large increase in January, civilian employment rose only
slightly in February, to a seasonally adjusted level of 116.9 million. The
proportion of the population with jobs (the employment-population ratio)
held at the record high level of 62.9 percent attained in the previous
month. (See table A-2.)




- 2 The civilian labor force, which had also increased markedly in
January, showed a small decline in February. As a result, the labor force
participation rate edged down .to 66.3 percent. Over the year, the labor
force expanded by about 2.0 million. (See table A-2.)
Table A. Major Indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

Quarterly
averages

Monthly data
Jan,"
Feb.
change

Category
1988

1988

III

IV

Dec.

1989
Feb.

Jan.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Total employment 1/..
Civilian labor force...
Civilian employment,.
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers..

123,570
116.892
121,881
115,202
6,678
62,959
941

Thousands of
124,084 124,259
117.539 117,705
122,388 122,563
115.843 116,009
6,545
6,554
62,865
62,839
951
N.A.

persons
125,124
118,407
123,428
116,711
6,716
62,216
N.A.

124,865
118,537
123.181
116,853
6,328
62.596
N.A.

-259
130
-247
142
-388
380
N.A.

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All civilian workers.

Black
Hispanic origin....

5.4
5.5
4.7
4.9
15.3
4.8
11.2
8.0

5.3
5.3
4.7
4.7
14.6
4.6
11.3
7.8

5.3
5.3
4.7
4.7
14.8
4.6
11.6
7.6

5.4
5.4
4.6
4.7
16.4
4.6
12.0
8.4

5.1
5.1
4.5
4.5
14.8
4.3
11.9
6.8

-0.3
-.3
-.1
-.2
-1.6
-.3
-.1
-1.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm employment
Service-producing....

106,478
25,650
80,828

Thousands of jobs
107,344 107,641 plO8,O56 plO8,345
25,827
25,889 p26,044 p26,012
81,517
81,752 p82,012 p82,333

P289

p-32
p321

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
34.7
41.1
3.9

34.8
41.1
3.9

If Includes the resident Armed Forces.
p=preliminary.




34.7
40.8
3.9

p34.8
p41.0
P3.9

p34.7
P41.0
p3.9

p-0.1

po
po

N.A.-not available.

- 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonagricultural employment increased by 290,000 in February,
after seasonal adjustment, to a level of 108.3 million. This followed an
increase of 415,000 in January.
The February gain was confined to the
service-producing sector;
employment in
the goods sector decreased
slightly, largely because of a weather-related decline in construction.
(See table B-l.)
In the service-producing sector, the services industry led the overthe-month gains with an employment increase of 130,000. Within services,
employment in the health services component rose by 45,000, and business
services, which had declined in January, rebounded by 40,000. Elsewhere in
the sector, retail trade added 75,000 jobs, and wholesale trade, with an
increase of 30,000, continued its pattern of strong job growth.
In the goods-producing sector, the construction industry, which posted
a very large increase in January, lost 20,000 jobs in February. This swing
in construction employment probably reflects the shift
in weather
conditions from unusually mild to harsh over the 2 months. Employment in
manufacturing, which had been increasing since September, showed little
movement in February.
The only sizable change was a decline of 15,000 in
auto employment; this followed a similar increase in the prior month. In
mining, employment was also about unchanged over the month.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls edged down by 0,1 hour to 34,7 hours in
February, after seasonal adjustment, while both the factory workweek and
overtime were unchanged at 41.0 and 3.9 hours, respectively. (See table B2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 127.9 (1977-100), declined'
by 0.3 percent, seasonally adjusted. The index for manufacturing, at 97.2,
-showed little change. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Both average hourly and average weekly earnings of private production
or nonsupervisory workers were little changed in February, after seasonal
adjustment, following large increases in January, Prior to seasonal
adjustment, average hourly earnings remained at $9.54, and average weekly
earnings declined by $1.91 to $327.22.
Hourly earnings rose by 4.0
percent over the past year, and weekly earnings were up 3.4 percent. (See
tables B-3 and B-4.)

The Employment Situation for March 1989 will be released on Friday,
April 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
•ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households jn the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the tabor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; (he establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among ihe
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
~ The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each in*
dividual a counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
schooPs-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees1 production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces tota.1 (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if thesame questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be-expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS.It is available for $8.50per issueor KS^OOjtfr year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office1," Washington, DC"
20204. A check or money order made put to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, Including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

185,705
121,678
65.5
.... 114,196
61.5
1,736
112,460
2,760
109,700
7,482
6.1
64,026

187,340
123,791
66.1
116,482
62.2
1,696
114,786
2,831
111,955
7,309
5.9
63,549

187,461
123,590
65.9
116,707
62.3
1,684
115,023
2,795
112,228
6,883
5.6
63,871

185,705
122,901
66.2
116,009
62.5
1,736
114,273
3,200
111,073
6,892
5.6
62,804

186,801
123,778
66.3
117,260
62.8
1,687
115,573
3,238
112.335
6,518
5.3
63,023

186,949
124,215
66.4
117,652
62.9
1,705
115,947
3,238
112,709
6,563
5.3
62,734

187,098
124,259
66.4
117,705
62.9
1,696
116,009
3,193
112.816
6,554
5.3
62.839

187,340
125,124
66.8
118,407
63.2
1,696
116,711
3,300
113,411
6,716
5.4
62,216

187,461
124,865
66.6
118,537
63.2
1,684
116,853
3,223
113,630
6,328
5.1
62,596

89,099
67,484
75.7
63,252
71.0
1,577
61,675
4,232
6.3

89,914
68,197
75.8
63,944
71.1
1,532
62,412
4,252
6.2

89,973
68,273
75.9
64,233
71.4
1,521
62,712
4,040
5.9

89,099
68.289
76.6
64,587
72,5
1,577
63,010
3,702
5.4

89,637
68,569
76.5
64,976
72.5
1,526
63,450
3,593
5.2

89,716
68,686
76.6
65,074
72.5
1,542
63,532
3,612
5.3

89,792
68,638
76.4
65,055
72.5
1,534
63,521
3,583
5.2

89,914
69,032
76.8
65,322
72.6
1,532
63,790
3,710
5.4

89,973
69.113
76.8
65,572
72.9
1,521
64,051
3.540
5.1

96,606
54,195
56.1
50,944
52.7
159
50,785
3,250
6.0

97,427
55,594
57.1
52,538
53.9
164
52,374
3(057
5.5

97,488
55,317
56.7
52,474
53.8
163
52,311
2,843
5.1

96,606
54,612
56.5
51.422
53.2
159
51.263
3,190
5.8

97,164
55,209
56.8
52,284
53.8
161
52,123
2,925
5.3

97.234
55,529
57.1
52,578
54.1
163
52,415
2,951
5.3

97,306
55,621
57.2
52,650
54.1
162
52,488
2,971
5.3

97,427
56,091
57.6
53,085
54.5
164
52,921
3,006
5.4

97,488
55,752
57.2
52,965
54.3
163
52,802
2,787
5.0

Feb.
1988
TOTAL
2

Noninstitutional population
Labor force2
Participation rate*
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
,
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
,
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate*

.........

Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio*
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

*

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




3

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Feb.
1983

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1968

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1939

183,969
119,942
65.2
112,460
61.1
7,482
6.2

185,644
122,095
65.8
114,786
61.8
7,309
6.0

185,777
121,906
65.6
115,023
61.9
6,883
5.6

183,969
121,165
65.9
114,273
62.1
6,892
5.7

185,114
122,091
66.0
115,573
62.4
6,518
5.3

185,244
122,510
66.1
115,947
62.6
6,563
5.4

185,402
122,563
66.1
116,009
62.6
6,554
5.3

185,644
123,428
66.5
116,711
62.9
6,716
5.4

185,777
123,181
66.3
116,853
62.9
6,328
5.1

80,203
62,205
77.6
58,626
73.1
2,027
56,599
3,578
5.8

81,162
62,926
77.5
59,442
73.2
2,054
57,387
3,485
5.5

81,256
63,031
77.6
59,681
73.4
2,065
57,616
3,350
5.3

80,203
62,614
78.1
59,561
74.3
2,279
57,282
3,053
4.9

80,851
62,915
77.8
60,004
74.2
2,315
57,689
2,911
4.6

80,924
62,995
77.8
59,999
74.1
2,313
57,686
2,996
4.8

81,001
63,002
77.8
60,049
74.1
2,292
57,757
2,953
4.7

81,162
63,358
78.1
60,420
74.4
2,277
58,143
2,938
4.6

81,256
63,490
78.1
60,636
74.6
2,320
58,316
2,853
4.5

89,178
50,407
56.5
47,714
53.5
552
47,162
2.693
5.3

90,072
51,650
57.6
49,287
54.7
606
48,681
2,563
4.9

90,153
51,675
57.3
49,279
54.7
578
48,702
2,396
4.6

89,178
50,530
66.7
47,934
53.8
638
47,296
2,596
5.1

89,807
51.201
57.0
48,788
54.3
640
48,148
2,413
4.7

89,887
51,558
57.4
49,113
54.6
640
48,473
2,445
4.7

89,954
51,587
57.3
49,165
54.7
646
48,519
2,422
4.7

90,072
51,998
57.7
49,543
55.0
715
48,827
2,455
4.7

90,153
51,821
57.5
49,514
54.9
666
46,849
2,306
4.5

14,588
7,331
50.2
6,120
42.0
181
5,939
1,211
16.5

14,410
7,319
50.8
6,057
42.0
171
5,886
1,261
17.2

14,367
7,199
50.1
6,062
42.2
152
5,910
1,137
15.8

14,588
8,021
55.0
6,778
46.5
283
6,495
1,243
15.5

14,456
7,975
55.2
6,781
46.9
283
6,498
1,194
15.0

14,433
7,957
55.1
6,835
47.4
285
6,550
1,122
14.1

14,447
7,974
55.2
6,795
47.0
255
6,540
1.179
14.8

14,410
8,071
56.0
6,748
46.3
307
6,441
1.323
16.4

14,367
7,871
54.8
6,703
46.7
237
6,466
1,168
14.8

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricuitural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

...
:

,

,
...

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
«
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricuitural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

*
.,
.'.
;

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
,
Employment-population ratio*
Agriculture
Nonagricuitural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

,

:.
m

.*.

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted*

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Feb.
1933

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

WHITE

157,773 158,865 158,947 157,773 158,524 158,603 158,705 158,865 158,947
103,398 105,020 104,758 104,404 105,051 105,395 105,411 106,106 '105,798
65.9
65.5
66.1
66.2
66.8
66.5
66.3
66.4
66.6
97.819 99,506 99,747 99,350 100,199 100,543 100,567 101183 101,278
62.8
62.0
62.6
63.0
63.4
3/7
63.2
63.7
63.4
5,579
5,514
5,012
5,054
4,852
,923
4,852
4,521
4,844
5.4
4.8
5.3
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.3
4.6

Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
,
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,268
77.9
51,551
74.0
2,717
5.0

54,854
78.0
52,159
74.2
2,695
4.9

54,920
78.0
52,399
74.4
2.521
4.6

54,627
78.4
52,348
75.2
2,279
4.2

54,861
78.3
52,612
75.1
2.249
4.1

54,922
78.3
52,624
75.0
2,298
4.2

54,898
78.2
52,636
75.0
2,262
4.1

55,213
78.5
53,007
75.4
2,205
4.0

55,308
78.6
53,197
75.6
2,111
3.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
.
.
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,748
56.1
40,780
53.5
1,969
4.6

43;803
57.0
41,948
54.6
1,854
4.2

43,657
56.8
42,008
54.6
1,649
3.8

42,848
56.2
40,942
53.7
1,906
4.4

43,298
56.5
41,583
54.2
1,715
4.0

43,625
56.9
41,869
54.6
1,736
4.0

43,644
56.9
41,930
54.6
1,714
3.9

43,936
57.2
42,201
54.9
1,734
3.9

43,770
56.9
42,177
54.8
1,593
3.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
!.
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
-.
Men
Women

6,381
53.7
5,488
46.2
893
14.0
14.8
13.2

6,363
54.5
5,399
46.2
964
15.2
18.5
11.7

6,182
53.0
5,340
45.8
841
13.6
16.4
10.6

6,929
58.3
6,060
51.0
869
12.5
12.5
12.6

6,892
58.5
6,004
51.0
888
12.9
14.4
11.3

6,848
58.3
6,030
51.3
818
11.9
12.6
11.3

6,869
58.6
6,001
51.2
868
12.6
13.4
11.8

6,958
59.6
5,975
51.1
983
14.1
16.4
11.7

6,720
57.7
5,904
50.7
816
12.1
14.0
10.2

20,569
12,965
63.0
11,288
54.9
1,678
12.9

20,877
13,275
63.6
11.705
56.1
1,570
11.8

20,905
13,303
63.6
11,655
55.8
1,648
12.4

20,569
13,138
63.9
11,504
55.9
1,634
12.4

20,786
13,290
63.9
11,807
56.8
1,483
11.2

20,811
13,330
64.1
11,831
56.8
1,499
11.2

20,842
13,405
64.3
11,856
56.9
1,549
11.6

20,877
13,477
64.6
11,860
56.8
1,617
12.0

20,905
13.476
64.5
11,873
56.8
1,603
11.9

6,094
74.7
5,352
65.6
742
12.2

6,163
74.3
5,504
66.3
659
10.7

6,153
74.0
5J432
65.3
721
11.7

6,140
75.2
5,469
67.0
671
10.9

6,157
74.6
5,566
67.4
591
9.6

6,146
74.3
5,545
67.1
601
9.8

6,179
74.6
5,561
67.1
618
10.0

6,226
75.0
5t576
67.2
650
10.4

6,199
74.6
5,549
66.7
650
10.5

6,114
59.7
5,462
652
10.7

6,357
61.1
5,712
54.9
645
10.1

6,327
60.7
5,669
54.4
658
10.4

6,135
59.9
5,490
53.6
645
10.5

6,234
60.2
5,620
54.3
614
9.8

6,280
60.6
5,663
54.6
617
9.8

6,316
60.9
5,654
54.5
662
10.5

6,369
61.2
5,706
54.9
663
10.4

6,349
61.0
5,697
54.7
651
10.3

757
34.8
473
21.8
284
37.5
42.9
32.5

755
34.7
490
22.5
265
35.1
37.8
32.3

822
37.8
553
25.4
269
32.7
35.2
30.0

863
39.7
545
25.1
318
36.8
39.9
33.8

899
41.2
621
28.5
278
30.9
32.8
28.6

904
41.5
623
28.6
281
31.1
32.1
29.9

•910
41.7
641
29.4
269
29.6
29.8
29.3

881
40.5
577
?6.S
304
34.5
36.7
32.0

928
42.7
627
28.8
301
32.4
33.1
31.6

......

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 ...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
1
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation, rate
Employed

Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men.....
Women

See footnotes at end of table.



• 53.4

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status ot the civisisn population by race, sex: age. and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
j

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted

Employment staius, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origxi

Nov.
196B

Dec.
1988

13,495
9,148
67.8
8,419
62.4
729
8.0

13,533
9,133
67.5
8,441
62.4
692
7.6

t Jan.
j 1989

Feb.
1389

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian r.oiiristitutionat population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,153
8,987

8,905
67.7

68.3

fi,036 !
61.5 '
820

8,241

62.7
746
8.3 '

9 2

- i

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as 3 percent of the civilian noninstitutional

13,564
9,205
67.9
8,434
62.2
771
8.4

<3,6U6
9,219
67.8
8,596

63.2
624
6.8

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum io totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4, Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

Jan.
1939

FeS.
1988
CHARACTERISTIC

i
i

Oct.
1988

Feb.
1988

Nov.
1988

Deo
1988

j

Jan!
1989

! Feb.
! 1989

!

!
j
| 112,460
j 39,863
j 28,477
i 6,157

Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men: spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

Feb.
19S9

Seasonally adjusted

!

114,786 j 115,023 \ 114,273 j 115,573 j 115,947 ! 116,009
116,711 116.853
40.475 ; 40,314
40,488 j 40,504
40,407 I 40,483 40,925 40,928
29,323 • 29,265
28,620 | 28.890
28,995 29,053 29,589 29,412
6,435 ! 6,391 j 6,151 \ 6,344
6,416
6,375
6,399
6,385

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS CF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage anj salary workers
Self-emplcyed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricuitural industries:
Wage and salary *crkerr.
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employes workers
Unpaid famil> workers

....
...!
...'
„!
..j
.!
.i
..I

:

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic roasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
1

1,407
1,274
79

~

101,341 !
17,270 j
84,071 (
1,087!
62,984 i
8,145 !
213 i

1,4*6

1,640 !

1,661

1,284 |

1,410 I

1,405

124

95 !

123

177

103,158 ! 103,644 j 102.498 103,733
17.532 | ! 7,623 ! 16,961 ! 17,240
C5.626 ] 86,021 | 85,537 | 86,493
1.116:
1,056 i 1,167
1,152
84,510 | 84,965 ! 84,370
85,341
3,517 j 8.321 I 8.338
8,479
230 j
262 !
232
232

1,672
1.450
125

1,698
1,349
149

103,770

103.904

17,387

17,423

86,383

86.481
1,210
85,271

1,209
85,174
8,619
300

8,602
266

1,684
1,387
189

1,645
1,419
150

104,510 104,797
17,393
87,117
1,196
85,921
8,718
298

17,311
87,486
1,135
86,350
8,517
285

5,097
2,302
2,352
15,401

4,981
2,303
2,333
15,126

4,837
2,144
2,283

4,697
2,105
2,272

14,970

14,688

I
I

,

5.377 ! 5,138
2.661
2,634
2,390 j 2,150
15,446 i 15,753
5.117
4,914
2,504
2,455
2,292 | 2,112
15,055 ! 15,374

Excludes persons 'with a jrh h...t rot at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




i

1,420
1,267 j

4.996
2,554

5.369
2.408

2,153 !

2,591

4,963
2,220
2,399

15,958 ! 14,619

15,161

2,375
15,446

5,101
2,258
2,477

4,727
2,095

4,819
2.116

2,319

2,268

14,172

14,679

14,986

! 4,725
| 2,343
| 2,102
! 15,584

5,061
2,279

5,321
2,549
2,410
15,363
5,033
2,377
2,307
14,928

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Range of u n e m p l o y m e n t measures based o n varying definitions of u n e m p l o y m e n t and the labor f o r c e , seasonally a d j u s t e d
(Percent)
Quarterly averages

Measure

M o n t h l y data

1988_

1987

1988

J\L

JV_

_De<L_

1989

Jan,

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.2

1.1

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.3

4.5

4.4

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.0

5.5

5.3

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.1

5.0

4.8

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.1

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.3

5.3

5.4

5.1

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 112 part-time jobseekers plus
1 / 2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

8.1

7.9

7.6

7.6

7.5

7.6

7.5

7.2

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1 / 2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1 / 2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

8.9

8.7

8.3

8.4

8.2

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

civilian labor force
U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force
U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

N.A. -

not available.

Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates 1

Category
Feb.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

CHARACTERISTIC

6,892
3,702
3,053
3,190
2,596
1,243

6,716
3,710
2,938
3,006
2,455
1,323

6,328
3,540
2,853
2,787
2,306
1,168

5.7
5.5
4.9
5.9
5.1
15.5

5.3
5.4
4.6
5.3
4.7
15.0

5.4
5.4
4.8
5.3
4.7
14.1

5.3
5.3
4.7
5.4
4.7
14.8

5.4
5.5
4.6
5.4
4.7
16.4

5.1
5.2
4.5
5.0
4.5
14.8

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse p r e s e n t .
Women who maintain families

1,416
1,205
557

1,304
557

1,289
1,028
558

3.4
4.0
8.3

3.1
3.7
7.9

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.1
3.7
8.2

3.1
3.6
80

3.1
3.4

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost 2 ..

5,526
1,379

5,295
1,445

5,024
1,314

5.3
7.9
6.6

5.0
7.4
6.1

5.0
7.1
6.2

5.1
7.0
6.3

5.0
7.9
6.2

4.8
7.3
5.9

5,149
1,965

5.177
1.894
43
663
1,189
661
528
3,283

4,749
1,784
57
648
1,079
576
503
2,965
244
1,284
1,437
477
160

5.7
6.8
7.8
10.9
5.6
5.7
5.4
5.2
3.8
6.3
4.6
2.9
10.5

5.4
6.4
8.8
10.0
5.3
5.0
5.7
4.9
3.5
6.0
4.5
2.6

5.5
6.4
8.9
10.6
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.1
4.0
6.2
4.6
2.5
9.3

5.4
6.4
7.7

5.6
6.4
6.1
10.4
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.2
3.8
6.3
4.7
2.7
9.5

5.1
6.1
8.0
10.0
4.9
4.4
5.5
4.7
3.9
5.6
4.3
2.7
8.9

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and o v e r .
Women, 20 years and o v e r .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

1,115

8.0

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
,
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

66
688
1,211
734
477

3,184
247
1,460
1,477

501
192

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for




245
1,489

1,550
486

176

10.2

10.4
5.2

.5.0
5.5
4.9
3.8
6.3
4.1
2.7
8.8

economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Weeks of unemployment
Feb.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

2,973
2,602
1,907

3,464
2,258
1,586

3,117

3,117

3,029

1,935
1,502

817
770

2,039
1,495

768
668

1,835
1,554
788
766

3,181
2,081

977
930

3,097
2,093
1,732
842
890

3,059

2,329
1,436

787

715

758
737

1,512
757
755

1247
1,865
1,304
665

14.3
7.1

12.3
5.6

12.3
6.0

14.1
6.3

13.4
5.7

12.6
5.6

12.8
5.8

12.7
5.7

12.1
5.3

100.0
39.7
34.8
25.5
13.1
12.4

100.0
47.4
30.9
21.7
11.2
10.5

100.0
45.3
33.8
20.9
11.2
9.7

100.0
44.7
30.2
25.0
12.2
12.9

100.0
47.4
28.5
24.1
12.2
11.9

100.0
47.6
29.5
22.9
12.0
10.9

100.0
46.2
31.1
22.8
11.5
11.2

100.0
47.0
30.7
22.3
11.2
11.1

100.0
50.6
29.1
20.3
10.4
10.0

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over ....
Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks

639

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks ...,
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over....
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over.

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reasons
Feb.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

3,739
1,181
2,558
988
1.974
782

3.701
1.210
2,491
1.067
1,866
675

3,382
1.042
2,340
1.005
1,799
696

3.182
877

3.066
819
2.247
998

2,876
774

1,916
855

3,031
814
2,217
963
1,766
799

3,121
827

2,305
969

2,951
844
2,107
984
1,747
747

1,725
799

2.294
985
1,835
780

2,102
985
1,740
765

100.0
50.0
15.8
34.2
13.2
26.4
10.4

100.0
50.7
16.6
34.1

100.0
49.1
15.1
34.0
14.6
26.1
10.1

100.0
46.0
12.7
33.3
14.0
27.7
12.4

100.0
45.9
13.1
32.8
15.3
27.2
11.6

100.0
46.2
12.4
33.8
14.7
26.9
12.2

100.0
46.5
12.4
34.1
15.1
26.2
12.1

100.0
46.4
12.3
34.1
14.7
27.3
11.6

100.0
45.2
12.2
33.0
15.5
27.3
12.0

3.1
.8

3.0
.9

2.8
.8
1.5
.6

2.6
.8
1.6
.7

2.4
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.7

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.3
.8
1.4
.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers.
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed ...
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers.
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

U6
25.5
9.2

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
. Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




1.5
.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number oi
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Jnemployment rates1

Sex and age
Feb.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

6,892
2,531
1,243
588
665
1,288
4,377
3,887
485

6,716
2,663
1,323
581
751
1,340
4,101
3,632
474

6,328
2,316
1t168
572
605
1,148
4,026
3,559
466

5.7
11.1
15.5
17.7
14.1
8.7
4.4
4.7
3.2

5.3.
10.9
15.0
17.2
13.3
8.6
4.1
4.3
2.8

5.4
10.6
14.1
15.8
12.9
8.7
4.2
4.4
2.8

5.3
10.9
14.8
16.6
13.3
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.0

5.4
11.9
16.4
18.3
15.4
9.3
4.1
4.2
3.1

5.1
10.5
14.8
18.2
12.7
8.1
4.0
4.2
3.1

Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
• 20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,702
1,340
649
300
360
691
2,369
2,071
297

3,710
1,494
772
330
455
722
2,245
1,986
269

3,540
1,302
687
317
379
615
2,246
1,943
303

5.5
11.4
15.8
17.6
14.9
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.4

5.4
11.8
16.5
18.5
15.0
9.2
4.0
4.2
3.0

5.4
10.9
14.8
17.3
13.0
8.8
4.2
4.4
3.2

5.3
11.1
15.4
17.3
13.5
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.3

5.5
12.8
18.6
20.6
17.9
9.6
4.0
4.2
3.0

5.2
11.1
16.7
19.6
15.1
8.1
4.0
4.1
3.4

Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,190
1,191
594
288
305
597
2,008
1,816
188

3,006
1,169
551
251
296
618
1,856
1,646
205

2,787
1,014
481
255
226
533
1,780
1,616
164

5.9
10.9
15.1
17.7
13.3
8.5
4.6
4.9
3.0

5.3
9.9
13.3
15.8
11.6
7.9
4.2
4.5
2.4

5.3
10.3
13,3
14.1
12.8
8.6
4.2
4.4
2.4

5.4
10.7
14.2
15.8
13.1
8.7
4.1
4.4
2.6

5.4
10.9
14.0
15.9
12.7
9.1
4.1
4.3
3.1

5.0
9.7
12.8
16.8
10.0
8.0
3.9
4.2
2.5

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted1

Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
Not in labor force

Feb.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

26,196
16,544
63.2
14,641
55.9
1,904
11.5
9,652

26,779
17,075
63.8
15,279
57.1
1,795
10.5
9,704

26,830
17,147
63.9
15,276
56.9
1,871
10.9
9,682

26,196
16,777
64.0
14,897
56.9
1,880
11.2
9,419

26,590
17,070
64.2
15,394
57.9
1,676
9.8
9,520

26,641
17,079
64.1
15,365
57.7
1.714
10.0
9,562

26,697
17,172
64.3
15,457
57.9
1.715
10.0
9,525

26,779
17,283
64.5
15,449
57.7
1,833
10.6
9,496

26,830
17,386
64.8
15,540
57.9
1,846
10.6
9,444

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11.

Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted

(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed

Unemployment rate

Unemployed

Occupation
Feb.
1988

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1989

112,460

115,023

7,482

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

28,621
13,759
14,862

30,106
14,592
15,514

Technical, sales, and administrative support...
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,209
3,381
13,376
18,453

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective .

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1989

6,683

6.2

5.6

586
348
238

602
378
224

2.0
2.5
1.6

2.0
2.5
1.4

35,400
3,569
13,600
18,231

1,502
113
648
741

1,478
102
623
752

4.1'
3.2
4.6
3.9

4.0
2.8
4.4
4.0

15,170
885
1,897
12,388

15,537
910
1,950
12,678

1,311
67
85
1,158

1,043
35
80
928

8.0
7.0
4.3
8.6

6.3
3.7
3.9
6.8

Precision' production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair.

13,373
4,558
4,728
4,086

13,466
4,596
4,705
4,165

993
197
572
223

985
169
608
208

6.9
4.1
10.8
5.2

6.8
3.6
11.4
4.8

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .

17,237
7,914
4,696
4,627
684
3,943

17,655
8,169
4,683
4,803
719
4,084

1,977
756
451
770
254
515

1,785
658
373
755
205
549

27.1
11.6

13.6
22.2
11.8

2,849

2,858

299

265

9.5

8.5

Total, 16 years and over1

Farming, forestry, and fishing

10.3
8.7
8.8
14.3

9.2
7.5
7.4

1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Veteran status
and age

Unemployed
Total

Employed
Number

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1989

Percent of
tabor force
Feb.
Feb.
1988
1989

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1989

7,243
7.226
5,724
5,371
732
515
2.223 • 1.808
2,769
3,048
1,519
1.855

6,881
5,433
688
2f082
2,663
1.448

6,936
5,142
487
1,701
2,954
1,794

362
291
44
141
106
71

290
229
28
107
94
61

5.0
5.1
6.0
6.3
3.8
4.7

4.0
4.3
5.4
5.9
3.1
3.3

19,870
8.740
6.786
4.344

17,905
8,027
5,901
3,977

18,971
8,337
6,491
4,143

968
502
322
144

899
403
295
201

5.1
5.9
5.2
3.5

4.5
4.6
4.3
4.6

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1989

i

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

,

7.877
6.033
781
2,329
2,923
1,844

7,914
5,664
564
1,905
3,195
2,250,

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years ..
40 to 44 years .

...

•»•

20,071
9,001
6,637
4,433

21,081
9,255
7,190
4,636

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to




18,873
8,529
6,223
4,121

those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted2

Not seasonally adjusted'
State and employment status

Feb.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

20,726
13,910
13,102
808
5.8

20,994
14,168
13,407
761
5.4

21,016
14,083
13,309
774
5.5

20,726
13,947
13,199
748
5.4

20,927
14,063
13,363
700
5.0

20,951
14,186
13,451
735
5.2

20,973
14,198
13,524
674
4.7

20,994
14,220
13,505
715
5.0

21,016
14,117
13,405
712
5.0

9,598
5,966
5,667
298
5.0

9,839
6,052
5,693
358
5.9

9,860
6,013
5,702
312
5.2

9,598
6,034
5,722
312
5.2

9,777
6,170
5,862
308
5.0

9,798
6,144
5,823
321
5.2

9,819
6,085
5,755
330
5.4

9,839
6,155
5,793
362
5.9

9,860
6,086
5,762
324
5.3

8,733
5,717
5,249
467
8.2

8,709
5,791
5,419
372
6.4

8,706
5,903
5,543
359
6.1

8,733
5,793
5,369
424
7.3

8,718
5,771
5,388
383
6.6

8,716
5,844
5,433
411
7.0

8,712
5,817
5,429
388
6.7

8,709
5,837
5,491
346
5.9

8,706
5,976
5,663
313
5.2

4,593
3,098
2,982
1163.8

4,598
3,139
3,020
119
3.8

4,598
3,162
3,038
124
3.9

4,593
3,141
3,038
103
3.3

4,598
3,151
3,047
104
3.3

4,598
3,153
3,032
121
3.8

4,598
3,150
3,043
107
3.4

4,598
3,166
3,063
103
3.3

4,598
3,205
3,094
111
3.5

6,992
4,482
4,083
399
8.9

7,069
4,589
4,230
358
7.8

7,075
4,612
4,300
312
6.8

6,992
4,535
4,161
374
8.2

7,050
4,615
4,282
333
7.2

7,057
4,652
4,310
342
7.4

7,063
4,648
4,306
342
7.4

7,069
4,687
4,364
323
6.9

7,075
4,668
4,382
286
6.1

6,025
3,969
3,808
161
4.0

6,051
4,009
3,825
184
4.6

6.053
4,031
3,851
180
4.5

6,025
3,981
3,841
140
3.5

6,046
3,963
3,810
153
3.9

6,048
3,978
3,821
157
3.9

6,050
4,043
3,875
168
4.2

6,051
4,046
3,888
158
3.9

6,053
4,043
3,884
159
3.9

13,787
8,437
8,065
372
4.4

13,806
8,652
8,170
482
5.6

13,807
6,624
8,152
473
5.5

13,787
8,517
8,176
341
4.0

13,805
8,533
8,174
359
4.2

13,807
8,560
8,177
383
4.5'

13,807
8,580
8,177
403
4.7

13,806
8,621
8,198
423
4.9

13,807
8,701
8,258
443
5.1

4,872
3,294
3,156
138
1
4.2

4,967
3,381
3,231
150
4,4

4,975
3,381
3,255
125
3.7

4,872
3,306
3,185
121
3.7

4,943
3,387
3,254
133
3.9

4,951
3,386
3,266
120
3.5

4,959
3,371
3,254
117
3.5

4,967
3,435
3,302
133
3.9

4,975
3.390
3,233
107
3.2

8,214
5,298
4,922
376
7.1

8,286
5,384
5,015
369
6.9

8,292
5,380
5,063
317
5.9

8,214
5,355
5,014
341
6.4

8,269
5,349
5,049
300
5.6

8,276
5,366
5,059
307
5.7

8,281
5,355
5,060
295
5.5

8,286
5,426
5,094
332
6.1

8,292
5,432
5,152
280
5.2

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

,
.....

Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
........
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force .a
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

,
,
^

New York
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted'

Not seasonally adjusted'
State and employment status

Feb.
1988

Jan.
1989

9,343
5,672
5,337
335
5.9

5,592
292
5.0

12,015
8,184

11,997
8,188

7,469

7,566
622
7.6

Feb.
1989

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1989

Feb.
1989

9,404

9,409
5,814
5,533
281
4.8

9,343
5,793

9,390
5,744
5,436

9,396
5,779
5,510
269
4.7

9,400

5,884

5,816
5,543
273
4.7

9,404
5,947
5,689
258
4.3

9,409
5,932
5,679
253
4.3

12,000
8,284
7,693

11,997
8,303
7,713

11,994
8,254
7,703

591
7.1

590

551
6.7

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,487
306

5.3

308
5.4

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

715
8.7

1
These, are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




11,994
8,150
7,556

12,015
8,289
7,616

12,005

594
7.3

673
8.1

601
7.2

8,309
7,708

12,003
8,308
7,725
583
7.0

7.1

Identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Tablr B-l. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Saasonally adjustad

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb.
1988

Goods_producing industries.
Mining
Oil and gas extraction.
Construction
Ganoral building contractors.
Manufacturing
Production workers.

Retail trade
.,
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Finance
Insurance
s
Real estate
Services
Business services.
Health services...
Government.
Federal..
State
Local
P ~ preliminary.




Fab.
1989

Ftb.
1983

Oct.
1988

Nov.
19fi8

Dae.
1988

Jan.

Feb.

88,989

89,053

87,475

39,481

89,855

90,100

90,515

90,739

24,609

25,869

25,419

25,313

25,271

25,743

25,849

25,389

26,044

26,012

720
413.9

724
410.0

710
402.7

703
396.9

731
415

729
413

719
402

716
399

714
398

5,430
1,414

5,535
1,440

5,513
1,435

4,956
5,053
5,376
5,150
4,626
1,377
1,260.9 1,415.6 1,348.3 1,316.2
19,261 19,765 19,656 19,654 19,390
13,136 13,507 13,403 13,4141 13,249
11,343 11,621 11,626 11,617 11,404
7,756
7,756
7,552
7,803
7,599

Durable goods
Production workers.
lumber and wood products
731.4
Furniture and fixtures
, . . . 535.4
Stone, clay, and glass products
560.8
771.0
Primary metal industries
279.7
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
1,430
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
2,093
2,108
Electrical and electronic equipment
2,036
Transportation equipment
837
Motor vehicles und equipment
704
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
375.6

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

199

90,654

85,844

Total private.

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

Jan.

103,373 108,491 106,523 106,939 104,729 106,973 107,419 107,641 108,056 103,345

Total.

Nondurable goods
Production workers.
Fcod and kindrod products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products.
Service-producing industries

Dae.
1988

7,913
5,5S4
1,594.0
54.4
729.3
1,103.4
682.2
1,543.1
1,043.8
161.5
856
145.5
I 78,764
I
I
I

759,
545,
585,
795,
23C,
1,484,
2,1932,131,
2,071,
872,
723,
384,
8,083
5,704

750
541
571
796
280
1,481
2,195
2,122
2,061
862
728
376

5,9791
3,550
2,429

6,313
3,733
2,530

6,235
3,777
2,508

19,740
13,431

19,793
13,524

19,785
13,524

11,595
7,733

11,637
7,765

11,651
7,776

11,65S
7,806

11,674
7,801

760
540
588
794
282
1,469
2,173
2,126
2,045
859
719
361

767
541
590
796
232
1,474
2,185
2,130
2,050
860
721
323

771
540
592
794
230
1,479
2,190
2,123
2,051
85S
726
385

776
540
592
796
281
1,487
2,196
2,120
2,066
371
729
386

770
542
593
794
281
1,490
2,2C3
2,115
2,050
857
729
383

8,0371
5,6581

7,986
5,650

3,053
5,679

8,089
5,705

8,105
5,718

8,111
5,723

1,649
54
732
1,104
686
1,544
1,049
1651
8561
147

1,654
52
722
1,036
691
1,581
1,071
169
882
145

8,077
5,700
1,661
53
723
1,093
691
1,583
1,0731
169)
887
144

1,6561
531
7221
1,0961
6921
1,592
1,076
168
890
1

1,664
52
725
1,096
691
1,597
1,081
167
837
145

1,658
52
724
1,100
691
1,599
1,032
168
892
145

81,626

82,6221 31,104
5,648
3,401
2,247

19.714
13,465

756
535
584
770
230
1,433
2,091
2,112
2,031
837
705
382

1 , 6 4 6 . 5 1,614.4
603.0
56.0
5 44.3
52.3
722.9
721.7
721.5
1,095.6 1,083.4(1,099.3
69J.4
687.91 687.2
1 , 5 9 8 . 5 1,595.311,598.b
1,074.0 1,074.311,076.2
166. lj 163.91
890.41 835.7
891.5
144.71 143.8
143.2

5,7161
3,470
2,246

19,648
13,412

745.1
542
569. _
795.4
281.0
1/482.1
2,204.8
2,110.9
2,055.9
S58.9
728.2
382.21

3,030
5,647

5,4461
3,2171
2,2291

1,393

7Z2
406
5,413i
1,406

5,653
3,406
2,247

79,4581 31,230
I
5,513
5,631
3,272
3,330
2,241
2,251

81,570

81,752

82,012

82,333

5,658
3,407
2,251

5,670
3,422
2,248

5,711
3,453
2,258

5,723
3,465
2,258

6,306
6,035
3,792
3,573
2,514J 2,462
I
19,101] 19,045
2,517.11 2,561
3,166.5
3,029
2,047
2,035.4
6,291
6,213.5

6,246
3,736
2,510

6,275
3,758
2,517

6,301
3,779
2,522

6,332
3,796
2,536

6,362
3,815
2,547

19,327
2,520
3,143
2,103
6,415

19,401
2,533
3,157
2,106
6,440

19,429
2,544
3,177
2,106
6,449

19,557
2,530
3,195
2,108
6,466

19,631
2,600
3,202
2,115
6,493

6,675
3,308
2,097
1,27C

6,636
3,305
2,053
1,278

6,703
3,303
2,089
1,311

6,725
3,314
2,092
1,319

6,741
3,325
2,101
1,315

6,732
3,320
2,095
1,317

6,743
3,325
2,099
1,319

24,718 25,966 25,695 26,005
5,287.9 5,627.3 5,494.8 5,517.6
7,037.3 7,451.1 7,481.7 7,521.1

24,975
5,385
7,056

25,826 25,947
5,553
5,563
7,365j 7,414

26,070
5,605
7,466

26,139
5,578
7,497

26,263
5,619
7,544

17,886 17,254
2,957
2,972
4,177
4,014
10,7521 10,263

17,4921 17,564
2,989] 2,939
4,0701 4,074
1O,433( 1O,5C1

17,541
2,990
4,071
10,480

17,541
2,573
4,061
10,507

17,606
2,975
4,079
10,552

18,521
2,479.1
2,994.7
2,018.0
6,013.4
6,571
3,239
2,051
1,231

17,529
2,955
4,109
10,465

20,070 19,264
2,857.2 2,644.5
3,243.3 3,176.1
2,095.112,085.2
6,390.516,168.7
6,720
3,318
2,099
1,303

6,678
3,313
2,093
1,272

17,8371 17,534
2,9311 2,952
4,1561 4,033
10,7001 10,549
I

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weakly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers.1/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Feb.
1988

Blast furnaces and basic steel products..

Nondurable goods

Textile mill products

1/

I D e c . Jen.
I 1 9 8 8 1989£/

Feb.
1928

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

Dec.
1988

Jan.
1939£/

Feb.
1989E/

34.5

34.9

34.5

34.3

34.8

34.9

34.8

34.7

34.3

34.7

41.8

42.7

41. ?

41.6

C2)

(2)

C2)

(2)

C2)

(2)

36.1

37.2

36.4

36.2

(2)

(2)

C2)

C2)

(2)

C2)

40.7
3.6

41.6
4 2

41.0
3.8

40.7
3.7

41.0
3.7

41.2
4.0

41.2
3.9

40.8
3.9

41.0
3.9

41.0
3.9

41.3
3 .7
39.8
38.9
41.3
43.2
43.9
41.3
42.5
40.6
42.0
42.4
41.2
38.9

42.4

41.7

41.4

41.5

41.9

40.4
40.5
42.2
44.1
44.2
42.7
43.4
41.8
43.6
44.5
42.0
39.7

39.6
39.2
41.5
43.8
43.9
41.8
42.5
40.9
43.0
43.8
41.7
39.3

39.1
39.0
40.8
43.4
43.7
41.4
42.3
40.4
42.8
43.7
41.6
39.2

40.3
39.5
42.3
43.1
43.8
41.6
42.6
40.9
42.0
42.3
41.3
39.3

40.7
39.4
42.5
43.8
44.3
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.3
44.2
41.9
39.1

41.9
4.2
40.3
39.4
42.6
43.7
44.0
42.2
42.5
41.0
43.3
44.6
41.6
39.2

41.5
4.1
40.3
39.2
42.4
43.4
43.7
41.7
42.3
40.7
42.4
43.0
41.0
38.9

41.8
4.1
40.3
40.0
42.6
43.7
43.9
41.8
42.4
40.7
42.7
43.4
41.7
39.5

41.6
4.0
39.6
39.5
41.8
43.3
43.7
41.7
42.4
40.7
42.8
43.6
41.7
39.6

39.8
3.4

40.5
3.8

39.9

39.7
3.5

40.2

40.2

40.2

39.9

40.1

40.1
3.7

39.6
38.6
41.3
36.7
43.0
37.8
42.3
43.3
41.4
36.8

40.9
39.9
41.1
37.1
44.0
38.4
42.9
44.3
42.0
38.3

40.0
37.9
40.6
36.7
43.2
37.7
42.5
43.3
41.7
37.9

39.5
37.5
40.5
36.7
43.0
37.6
42.4
43.3
41.4
37.6

40.3
(2)
41.6
37.0
43.3
3S.1
42.4
(2)
41.6
37.8

40.6
C2)
41.0
36.8
43.2
38.0
42.5
(2)
41.5
37.9

40.6
(2)
41.0
37.0
43.1
37.8
42.4
(2)
41.7
37.3

40.3
(2)
40.5
36.6
43.1
37.7
42.3
(2)
41.2
37.7

40.1
40.8
37.0
43.1
38. C
42.5
C2)
41.6
38.3

40.2
(2)
40.7
37.0
43.3
37.9
42.5
(2)
41.6
38.6

(2)

38.9

39.5

39.1

39.1

39.1

39.4

39.2

39.4

39.5

39.3

37.9

38.2

38.0

37.8

38.2

38.1

38.0

38.0

38.2

38.1

28.5

29.6

28.5

28.5

29.1

29.2

29.0

29.2

29.2

29.1

36.4

35.8

36.2

35.8

(2)

(2) I

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.6

32.5

32.6

32.4

32.7

32.8

C2> I
32.6

32.6

32.8

32.5"

Data relate tc production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance;
insurance, and roal estate; and services. These groups
account for apprcximatly four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonagricultural payrolls.




Feb.
1989p/

2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with suffictnt precision.
P - preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly darnings
Industry
Feb.
1988

Dec.
1988

$9.17
9.13

$9.46
9.45

Mining

12.71

Construction....

12.82

Manufacturing...

Dec.
1988

Jan.
| Feb.
| Feb.
1989©/ 19S9£/ I 1958

I Jan.
1989E/

I Feb.
1989C/

$9.54
9.50

$9.54 )$316.37!$330.15 $329.13 $327.22
317,721 327.92 330.60 330.00
9.51

12.97

13.11

13.03

531.281 553.82

549.31

13.16

13.21

13.16

462.80

489.55

480.84

476.39

10.05

10.37

10.37

10.37

409.04

431.391 425.17

422.06

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, cloy/ and glass products
I
Primary iretal industries
I
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.,'
Fabricated metal products
\
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
1
Transportation equipment
I
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.58
8.53
7.7*%
10.33
12.03
13.89
10.13
10.82
10.02
13.17
13.85
9.92
7.90

10.90
8.75
8.04
10.58
12.27
14.07
10.43
11.20
10.29
13.65
14.31
10.10
8.17

10.90
8.70
3.07
10.60
12.27

10.90

436.95
359.49
301.09
426.63
519.70
609.77
418.37
459.85
406.81
553.14
587.24
408.70
307.31

462.161
353.501
325.62
446.48
541.11
621.89
445.36
486.08
430.12
595.14
636.80
424.20
324.35

454.53
344.52i
316.341
439.90
537.43
614.16
436.39
474.30
420.04
586.09
625.90
424.09
323.05

451.26
339.78
314.34
432.48
530.78
610.05
432.22
473.76
414.10
582.51
623.16
425.98
321.44

Nondurable roods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel an<J other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products

9.31
9.06
14.01
,30
6.02
11.50
10.40
12.55
14.96
9.00
6.19

14.18
7.52
6,27
11.79
10.71
12.91
15.28
9.27

388.80
378.73
565.78
309.07
232.62
518.76
411.26
553.84
676.90
389.34
247.04

383.84
371.20
543.11
308.15
230.84
508.46
404.52
545.70
662.49
383.64
245.97

381.91
367.35
551.63
307.80
230.43
507.40
401.94
547.81
664.22
384.61
245.53

Total private
Seasonally adjusted.

9.60
9.26

6.45

I
I

13.99

10.44
11.16
10.27
13.63
14.29
10.17
3.22

9.62

8.69

8.06
10.60
12.23
13.56
10.44
11.20
10.25
13.61
14.26
10.24
8.20
9.62
9.30

6.49

6.53

370.54
358.78
540.79
301.49
220.93
494.50
393.12
530.87
647.77
372.60
227.79

.

9.28

14.33
7.59
6.29

11.77
10.73
12.84
15.30
9.32

14.71
7.60
6.28
11.80
10.69
12.92
15.34
9.29

542.05

12,23

12.43

12.51

12.48

475.75

490.99

489.14

487.97

Wholesale trcde

9.78

10.12

10.22

10.22

370.66

386.58

338.36

336.32

Retail trade

6.23

6.42

6.47

6.49

177.56

190.03

184.40

184.97

Finance^ insurance, and real estate.

9.02

9.32

9.48

9.45

328.33

333.66

343.13

338.31

Services

8.81

9.15

9.24

9.27

287.21

297.38

301.22

300.35

Transportation and public utilities.

1/

See footnote 1, table B-2.

P = preliminary.

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry! seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private^/: •
Current dollars
Constant C1977) dollars^/
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime^/
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance^ insurance* and real estate
Servi ces

Feb.
1988

$9.13
4.84
12.82
10.03
9.59
12.19
9.72
6.20
8.91
8.72

Oct.
1983

$9.43
4.84
13.03
10.28
9.81
12.43
10.13
6.37

1 / See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ Includes mining, not shown separately, because its seasonal
component is too small to be separated out with sufficient
precision.
3/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. The seasonally
adjusted CPI-W has been revised to reflect the experience through
December 1988. Constant-dollar earnings series have been revised
back to 1984.




Nov.
1938

9.36
9.06

$9.42
4.82
13.01
10.29
9.?3
12.37.
10.04
6.42
9.26
9.04

Dec.
1988

$9.45
4.82
13.09
10.31
9.84
12.36
10.08
6.42
9.37
9.09

Jan.
1989p/

$9.50
4.32
13.13
10.32
9.86
12.50
10.19
6.43
9.43
9.14

Feb.
1989p/

*9.51
H.A.
$13.17
10.35
9.88*
12.43
10.16
6.46
9.33
9.18

Percent
change
from i
Jan. 1989Feb. 1989

0.1

(4)

,3
.2
-.6
-.3
.5
-1.1
.4

At Real earnings were unchanged from December 1988 to January
1989. the latest month available.
5/ Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at.the rate
of time and one-half.
N.A. - not available.
p / - preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT

DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers.]/ on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Feb.
1988
Total private
Goods-produciny

industries.

Mining
Construction..
Manufacturing.

Feb.

120.1 128.9

124.5

124.1

96.6 104.7

100.5

99.3

83.21

79.6

77.7

115.0 141.01

127.4

123.4

98.61

96.3

95.7

80.5

.. > .

Jan.
1989 E /

Dec.
1988

93.7

Feb.
1988

Oct.
1988

Nov.
1988

JDec,
1988

Jan.
1989 £ /

Feb.
1989p/

123.91127.1 127.1 127 .2

128.3

127.9

1101.11104.0 104.5 103.5

104.3

104.1

I

I

82.5

1

83.5

81.2

79.9

80.0

136.0 145.3 147.5 144.6

80.9

146.2

145.6

96.9

97.2

97.4

97.2

Durable goods
91
94.9
97.2
94.
92, 7 95.2
98
Lumber and wood products
100.4
103.9
103, 6 104.8
98,
Furniture and fixtures
.,. 111 6 119.1 114.3 ! 113.8 113, 2 114,
Stone/ clay, and glass products
81 1 87.2
82.0
88
83.6
87.
"
Primary metal industries
66
70.8
69.6
70.2
66, 4 70
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. 54 0 54.9
54.6
54,
53, 9 55
Fabricated metal products
89
96.31 • 94.2
90, 8 93.6
93.
90
Machinery/ except electrical.
96.9 j 9 5 . 3
95.
. 90.2. 93.7
101,
Electrical aid electronic equipment
105.9
101
102.8
1101 8(103.4
98
100.
103.0
Transportation equipment.
100.9
97 .3 100,
85,
94
Motor vehicles and equipment
91.0
90,
85 .7 91
104,
111
110.0
Instruments and related products
110.2
105 .0 109
81
83.6
Miscellaneous manufacturing
82.2
84.9
84 .8 83.1

95.6
104
114
88.9
70.0
54
94
94
103
100
92
109
83.6

94.8
105.2
113.9
88.9
69.6
54.1
93.7
94.3
102.3
98.7
89.0
108.31
83.6)

95.7
106.0
115.9
89.7
69.9
54.6
94.5
95.0
102.1
100.3
91.2
110.4
85.5

95.3
103.2
115.3
33.0
69.3
54.4
94.4
95.7
102.2
99.3
89.7
110.
86.3

99.7
103.3
72.7
80.2
84.9
101.3
137.2
99.4
86.3
126.0

99.2
102.1
73.2
79
84
101
137
99
86
125
55.6

99.8
102.4
67.6
80.1
85.4
101.1
138.7
100.5
83.7
125.9

99.9
102.1
69.9
79.9
85.7
101.5
138.7
100.2
86.1
126.8

95.2

I

Nondurable goods
Food and kin.Jrnd products..
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel
pp
and
n other textile products p
Paper andd allied
P
llid products d
t
Printing and publishing

Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Transportation and public utilities.
;

Retail trade
Finance/ insurance/ and real estate.
Services
1/

See footnote 1, table B - 2 .




142.3
109.7 117.5
120.9 129.0
119.0 134.2
133.2

Service-producing industries

Wholesale trade

96,
100.7
95,
102.9
74.
73.6
81.
80.4
84.
85.3
I
103.5
..1100
1
141.0
1134
96 41100
80 41 84.9
120 5 127.7
56.&
55 0

140.2 140.5
155.9 163.0

98.2
98.2
71.1
79.4
83.8
100.9

137.3

99.5
81.2
125.9

97.9
96.2
67.2
79,
84.9
100.2
137.4
99
81.7
126.4

55.8

55.3

137.8

137.7

114.5

114.8

127.3

127.1

123.5

122.1

140.7

139.0

161.2

162.7

99 .0
101 .7
75 .8
82 .7
85 .5
101 .5
135 .5
97 .1
84 .5
121 .0
57 .2

99.4
102
69.7
80.2
83.9
101.3
137.6
99.7
87.3
124.7
56.4

136 .4 139.9
111 .8 115.0
123 .1 127.4
125 .2 127.2
141 .6 141.2
153 .0 163.5

96.6

55.1

57.0

57.4

141.6

141.2

140.4
139.6
116.2
115.2

117.2

117.0

129.3

129.5

128.1
127.7
127.8
126.7

128.7

123.6

142.4

140.3

165.4

164.7

140.0
140.4
164.1
163.2
P

s

preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6,

Diffusion indexes of employment change* seasonally adjusted

(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Apr.

Mar.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sopt

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

-Private nonagricultural payrolls* 349 industries!/
Over 1-month span*
1957,
1988
1989

57.4
60.3
2/64.8

Over 3-month spam
1987
1988..
1989

61.3
70.6
£/69.1

Over 6-month spam
1987
1988.
1989
Over 12-month span*
1987.
1988
1989

59.9
64.0

64.6
63.0

61.3
58.9

61.6
66.6

68.6
62.3

60.6
56.2

62.3
54.0

67.6
62.5

63.9
68.9

65.0
61.7

62.2
68.8

67.3
68.3

68.9
67.2

69.3
69.1

69.8
69.8

71.5
68.8

72.5
61.9

72.1
62.6

73.4
68.3

74.5
71.9

6e.2
£/74.4

69.2
72.2

66.3
71.5

66.1
70.8

70.1
74.2

72.5
72.2

75.2
69.1

76.9
68.8

77.4
74.5

78.5
71.1

74.2
E/72.6

74.4
£/72.6

75.6

68.1
77.2

70.3
78.1

71.1
74.2

74.1
73.9

76.6
75.6

77.2
75.6

77.4
£/78.4

77.8
B/76.5

79.1

78.7

77.8

80.5

61.0
57 .4

58.3
' 64.6
fi/57.3

Manufacturing payrolls, 143 :industries}/
Over 1-month span:
1987
1988.
1989

46.8
52.5
55.7
58.2
fi/61.0 E'51.8

53.9
55.7

56.4
60.6

58.9
57.4

55.7
61.3

67.7
60.3

56.0
44.0

64.2
46.8

64.2
61.7

64.2
68 1

Over 3-month spar:
1987,
198S
1989

50.7
66.0
fi/62.1

50.7
61.0

58.5
62.8

63.8
64.5

63.5
66.7

68.4
68.8

69.5
61.3

73.8
52.1

70.2
53.5

74.1
65.6

74 5
70.9

76.6
68.8

79.4
66.0

Over 6-month span:
1987
1988
1989

58.5
68.4

57.1
67.0

57.1
66.0

66.7
70.9

69.1
66.0

74.5
63.8

75.5
62.1

Over 12-month span*
1987
1988
1989

59.6
74.1

63.5
72.3

64.5
68.8

68.8
70.6

73.0
72.0

73.8
70.9

75.2
£/72.3

1/ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1 -, 3% and 6-month spans and
unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span,
p/ » preliminary.




75.2
fi'69.9

75.9

74 1
72 7
fi/66.7 E/69.9

75.9

75.2

67 0
fi/70.9

72 3

79.1

NOTE: Figures are the percent of Industries with employment increasing plus
one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.