Full text of The Employment Situation : February 1988

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
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United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C, 20212
USDL 88-103
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
MARCH 4, 1988

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: FEBRUARY 1988
Employment growth was quite strong in February, the Bureau of Labot
Statistics of the U. S. Department of Labor reported today. The overall
jobless rate was 5.6 percent, and the civilian worker rate was 5.7 percent.
Both have edged down in recent months—by three-tenths of a percentage
point since last October.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the survey of
business establishments, surged by 530,000 in February, following a
relatively small increase in the prior month. Total civilian employment,
as measured by the household survey, rose by nearly 300,000 over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of persons unemployed In February, at 6.9 million,
seasonally adjusted, was about the same as in January. The civilian worker
unemployment rate, at 5.7 percent, also showed little over-the-month
change.
However, it has edged down by three-tenths since last October and
was nearly a full percentage point lower than a year ago.
Jobless rates for adult men (4.9 percent), adult women (5.2 percent),
teenagers (15.4 percent), whites (4.8 percent), and blacks (12.6 percent)
showed little change In February. After dipping in January, the Hispanic
unemployment rate (8.3 percent) returned to the levels that generally
prevailed in the latter half of last year* (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
The median duration of unemployment™6.4 weeks—was unchanged from
January and was
slightly lower than a year earlier.
The number and
proportion of the total unemployed who had lost their last jobs declined
markedly over the past year. (See tables A-7 and A-8.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total civilian employment rose by 280,000 in February to 114.4
million, seasonally adjusted, with almost the entire gain taking place
among adult men.
The proportion of the population with jobs was at a
record 62.2 percent. Recent employment growth has been particularly strong
in executive, administrative, and managerial occupations.
Over the past
year, employment in these occupations has accounted for more than a third
of the 3 million growth In total civilian employment. (See tables A-2 and
A-ll.)




- 2 The civilian labor force grew to a level of 121,4 million in February,
seasonally adjusted, with the labor force participation rate edging up to
66.0 percent.
Since last February, the labor force has grown by 2.0
million, with nearly
two-thirds of the increase occurring among adult
women, (See table A-2.)
Table A* Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

Quarterly
averages

Monthly data

Jan«Feb.

Category
1987

1987

1988

change

lit

IV

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Total employment 1/,.
Civilian labor force...
Civilian employment,.

Discouraged workers..

121,786
114,587
120,053
112,854
7,199
62,963
992

Thousands of
122,316 122,472
115,235 115,494
120,568 120,722
113,486 113,744
7,082
6,978
62,899
62,898
910
N.A.

persons
122,924
115,878
121,175
114,129
7,046
62,647
N.A.

123,084
116,145
121,348
114,409
6,938
62,621
N.A.

160
267
173
280
-108
-26
N.A.

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All civilian workers.

White
Black
Hispanic origin....

5.9
6.0
5.2
5.3
16.1
5.1
12.5
8.1

5.6
5.7
4.9
5.2
15.4
4.8
12.6
8.3

-0.1
-.1
-.2
.1
-.6
-.2
.4
1.1

Thousands of jobs
103,293 103,612 pl03,786 pl04,317
25,164
25,259 p25,204 P 25,332
78,129
78,353 p78,582 p78,985

p531
pl28
p403

5.7
5.8
4.9
5.2
16.1
4.9
12.2
8.1

5.8
5.9
5.0
5.2
16.6
5.0
12.2
8.5

5.7
5.8
5.1
5.1
16.0
5.0
12.2
7.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Service-producing..•.

102,278
24,884
77,394

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
34.8
40.9
3.7

34.8
41.2
3.9

If Includes the resident Armed Forces,
p-preliminary•




34.6
41.0
3.8

p34.7
p41.1
p3.9

p34.9
p40.9
p3.8

p0.2
P-.2
p-.l

N.A.^not available.

- 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonagricultural payroll employment rose by 530,000 in February,
seasonally adjusted, to a level of 104,3 million. This large gain, which
followed a much smaller increase in January (175,000), occurred mostly in
the service-producing
sector.
While construction
also
advanced,
manufacturing was little changed, (See table B-l.)
Within the service-producing sector, employment in the services
industry increased sharply (200,000), following a modest rise in January.
Job gains were widespread, with health and business services rising by
60,000 and 55,000, respectively*
Other industries with increases were
retail trade, which rose by 110,000 after seasonal adjustment, and
wholesale trade.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate was
little changed over the month, although the finance component declined by
10,000; this drop represents the first tangible impact on business payrolls
of the October stock market crash.
In the goods-producing sector, construction jobs rose by 105,000 after
seasonal adjustment, following a substantial decline in January.
After
showing large gains in the second half of 1987, manufacturing jobs were up
only slightly for the second month in a row. Changes among the component
industries were all quite small. Since last June, manufacturing payrolls
have added 400,000 jobs. Mining was about unchanged in February.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for all production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls increased 0.2 hour in February to 34.9
hours, seasonally adjusted.
By contrast, the manufacturing workweek
declined 0.2 hour to 40.9 hours, and factory overtime edged down 0,1 hour
to 3.8 hours; both measures, however, were still relatively high by
historical standards. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls rose by 0.7 percent to 123,2
(1977**100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index slipped to 95.3,
reflecting the decline in the factory workweek, (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers edged down by 0.2 percent in February, seasonally adjusted, while
average weekly earnings rose 0.4 percent due to the increase in the
workweek.
Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings inched
down 1 cent to $9.17, and average weekly earnings rose 58 cents to $316.37.
(See table B-3.)




- 4 The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 176.5 (1977-100) in February,
seasonally adjusted, virtually unchanged from January. For the 12 months
ended in February, the increase was 2.7 percent. In dollars of constant
purchasing power, the HEI decreased K O percent during the 12-month period
ending in January. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes
unrelated to underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations, in manufacturing
overtime and interindustry employment shifts.
(See table B-4.)

The Employment Situation for March 1988 will be released on Friday,
April 1, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 59,500 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
e m p l o y m e n t , hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 290,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.

Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between *the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys,*1 which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employees industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BIS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total {not adjusted for seasonally), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.

Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 328,000; for total
unemployment it is 220,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .26 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.25 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which n)onth-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.

Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, Bi s regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BI s. It is available for$8.50 per issue or$22.00per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and O of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Feb.
1987

Jan.
1938

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

183,738
119,707

185,571
121,491

185.705
121,678

65.5

65.5

111,204

113,888

114,196

60.5

61.4

61.5

183,736
120,970
65.8
113.084
61.5

1,740
109,464
2,764

1,749
112,139
2,789

1,736
112,460

185,052
122,128
66.0
114.951
62.1
1.741
113.210
3.249
109,961
7,177
5.9
62t924

185,225
122,349
66.1
115,259
62.2
1.755
113,504
3.172
110,332
7,090
5.8
62,876

185,370
122,472
66.1
115,494
62.3
1,750
113,744
3,215
110,529
6,978
5.7
62,898

185,571
122.924
66.2
115,878
62.4
1,749
114,129
3,293
110,836
7,046
5.7
62,647

185,705
123.084

65.2

88,756
67,947
76.6
64,048
72.2
1,580
62,468
3,899
5.7

88,849
68,019
76.6
64,174
72.2
1.593
62.581
3,845
5.7

88,924
68,030
76.5
64,245
72.2
1,589
62,656
3,785
5.6

89,033
68,243
76.6
64,396
72.3
1,588
62,808
3,847
5.6

96.295
54.181
56.3
50.903
52.9
161
50,742
3,278
6.1

96,376
54,330
56.4
51,085
53.0
162
50,923
3,245
6.0

96,446
54,442
56.4
51,249
53.1
161
51,088
3,193
5.9

96,538
54,681
56.6
51,482
53.3
161
51,321
3,200
5.9

TOTAL
2

Noninstitutional population
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio*.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force

2,760
106,700 109,350 109,700
7,482
7,603
8,503
6.1
7.1
6.3
64,031 64.079 64,026

1.740
111,344
3.225
108,119
7,886
6.5
62,768

66.3
116,145
62.5
1,736
114,409
3,228
111,182

6,938
5.6
62,621

Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population*
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

88,099
66,893

75.9
61,921
70.3
1,584

60,337
4,976
7.4

89,099
67,484
75.7
63,252
71.0

89,033

67,410
75.7
63,046
70.8

6.3

63,281
71.8
1.584
61,697
4,374
6.5

96,606
54,195
56.1
50,944
52.7

95,639
53,315
55.7
49,803
52.1

1,577

1,588
61,458

61,675
4,232

4,364
6.5

88,099

67,655
76.8

89,099

68,343
76.7
64,636
72.5
1.577
63,059
3,707
5.4

Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio*.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

95.639
52,809
55.2
49,282

51.5
156
49,126
3,527

6.7

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




96,538
54,082
56.0
50,842
52.7
161
50,681
3,239
6.0
3

159

156

50,785
3,250

49.647
3,512

6.0

6.6

96.606
54,740
56.7
51,509
53.3
159
51,350
3,231

5.9

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4
5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1968

181,998
117.967

183,822
119,742
65.1
112,139
61.0
7,603

Feb.
1987

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

183,822
121.175

183,969
121,348

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

64.8
109,464
60.1
8,503
7.2

183,969 181,998 183,311 183,470 183,620
119,942 119,230 120,387 120,594 120,722
65.5
65.2
65,7
65.7
65.7
112,460
61.1
7,482

111,344

6.3

6.2

7,886

113,210
61.8
7,177

113,504
61.9
7,090

6.6

6.0

5.9

80,203

79,216

62,205
77.6

61,930
78.2
58,324

79,807
62,211
78.0
59,037
74.0
2,343

61.2

113,744
61.9
6,978
5.8

65.9

66.0

114.129
62.1

114,409
62.2

7,046
5.8

6,938
5.7

80,120

80,203

62,440
77.9

62,696
78.2
59,625
74.3

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

2,061

80,120
62,031
77.4
58,357
72.8
2.077

55,296
4,192
6.8

56,280
3,674
5.9

88,237
49,148
55.7
46,232
52.4
535

89,110
50,317

79,216
61,548
77.7

57,356
72.4

58,626

73.1
2,027
56,599
3,578
5.8

73.6
2,317

79,885

62,299
78.0
59,164
74.1

80,002
62,248
77.8
59,185
74.0

56,007
3.606
5.8

56,694

2,297
56,867

3,174
5.1

3,135
5.0

88,237

88,843
50,095
56.4
47,480
53.4

89,010
50,361

636

68,923
50,254
56.5
47,634
53.6
636
46,998
2,620
5.2

2,298
56,887
3,063
4.9

59,287
74.0
2,323

56,964
3,154
5.1

2,280
57,344
3,071

4.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed...
Employment-population ratio*
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

45,697
2,916
.,

5.9

56.5
47,633
53.5
539
47,094

89,178
50,407
56.5
47,714
53.5
552
47,162

49,343
55.9
46,485
52.7
634

2,684
5.3

2,693
5.3

2,858
5.8

46,844
2.615
5.2

14,592
7,394

14,588

14,546
7,957

14,661
8,081

54.7
6,535

14,663
6,041

55.1
6,693
45.7

54.8
6,706
45.7

270
6,423
1,388
17.2

239
6,467
1,335
16.6

45,851

89,110
50,558
56.7

89,178

47,977
53.8
646

48,005
53.8

47,107
2,611
5.2

47,331
2,581

47,351
2,635
5.2

14,609
8,113
55.5
6,809

14,592
8,177

56.6
47,750
53.6
643

5.1

50,640
56.8
654

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1

,

,

14,546
7,271
50.0
5,875
40.4
168
5,707

1,396
19.2

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




50.7
6,150
42.1
173
5,977
1,244
16.8

7,331
50.2
6,120
42.0
181

5,939
1,211
16.5

44.9
274
6,261
1,422
17.9

46.6
274
6,535
1,304
16.1

56.0
6,865
47.0
323
6,542
1,312

16.0

14,588
8,011
54.9
6,779
46.5
293
6,486
1,232
15.4

Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

156,431
101,809
65.1
95,377
61.0
6,432
6.3

157,676
103,120
65.4
97,311
61.7
5,809
5.6

157,773
103,398
65.5
97,819
62.0
5,579
5.4

156,431
102,825
65.7
97,001
62.0
5,824
5.7

157,342
103,669
65.9
98,317
62.5
5,352
5.2

157,449
103,731
65.9
98,492
62.6
5,239
5.1

157,552
103,907
66.0
98,779
62.7
5,128
4.9

157.676
104,252
66.1
99,044
62.8
5,208
5.0

157,773
104,530
66.3
99,474
63.0
5,056
4.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
,
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

53,840
78.1
50,540
73.3
3,300
6.1

54,135
77.8
51,220
73.6
2,914
5.4

54,268
77.9
51,551
74.0
2,717
5.0

54,121
78.5
51,366
74.5
2,755
5.1

54,375
78.4
51,864
74.8
2,511
4.6

54,381
78.3
51,969
74.9
2,412
4.4

54,368
78.2
52,046
74.9
2,322
4.3

54,455
78.3
52,053
74.8
2,402
4.4

54,650
78.5
52,389
75.2
2,260
4.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio* '.
.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,

41,639
55.1
39,576
52.3
2.062
5.0

42,545
55.8
40,610
53.3
1,935
4.5

42,748
40,780
53.5
1,969
4.6

41,780
55.3
39,755
52.6
2,025
4.8

42,379
55.7
40,538
53.3
1,841
4.3

42,464
55.8
40,606
53.4
1,858
4.4

42,569
55.9
40,712
53.5
1,857
4.4

42,710
56.1
40,896
53.7
1,813
4.2

42,915
56.3
40,985
53.8
1,930
4.5

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
,
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,330
53.2
5.261
44.2
1,070
16.9
18.9
14.8

6,441
54.2
5,481
46.1
960
14.9
16.3
13.4

6,381
53.7
5,488
46.2
893
14.0
14.8
13.2

6,924
58.1
5,880
49.4
1,044
15.1
16.0
14.1

6,915
57.9
5,915
49.5
1,000
14.5
15.1
13.8

6,886
57.7
5,917
49.6
969
14.1
14.8
13.3

6,970
58.6
6,021
50.6
949
13.6
14.9
12.3

7,087
59.6
6,095
51.2
992
14.0
14.4
13.6

6,965
58.6
6,100
51.3
865
12.4
12.2
12.7

20,218
12,696
62.8
10,872
53.8
1,824
14.4

20,539
12,967
63.1
11,417
55.6
1,550
12.0

20,569
12,965
63.0
11,288
54.9
1,678
12.9

20,218
12,894
63.8
11,086
54.8
1,808
14.0

20.453
13,152
64.3
11,556
56.5
1,596
12.1

20,482
13,193
64.4
11,589
56.6
1,604
12.2

20,508
13,215
64.4
11,605
56.6
1,610
12.2

20,539
13,222
64.4
11,608
56.5
1,614
12.2

20,569
13,168
64.0
11,504
55.9
1,663
12.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
,
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate

5,927
74.0
5,166
64.5
761
12.8

6,029
74.0
5,398
66.2
631
10.5

6,094
74.7
5,352
65.6
742
12.2

5,996
74.9
5,283
66.0
713
11.9

6,023
74.3
5,431
67.0
592
9.8

6,045
74.5
5,430
66.9
615
10.2

6.043
74.3
5,430
66.8
613
10.1

6,115
75.0
5,497
67.5
618
10.1

6,166
75.6
5,472
67.1
694
11.3

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,991
59.5
5,218
51.9
773
12.9

6,189
60.6
5,528
54.1
661
10.7

6,114
59.7
5,462
53.4 !
652 !
10.7

6,005
59.7
5,249
52.2
756
12.6

6,177
60.7
5,495
54.0
682
11.0

6,207
60.9 j
5,537 |
54.3 I
670 |
10.8

6,224
61.0
5,544
54.3
680 !
10.9 !

6,244 j
61.1 j
5,550 |
54.3 !
694 ;
11.1

6,131
59.9
5,495
53.7
636
10.4

941
43.3
622
28.6
319
33.9
G2.2
35.8

948
43.7
631
29.1
317
33.4
33.5
33.4

863
39.8
561
25.8
302
35.0
35.1
34.9

870
40.0
537
24.7
333
38.3
42.0
34.7

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 .
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate

56.1

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population.,
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
.
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women


See footnotes at end of table.


778 I
36.2 I
488
22.7 !
290 ,
37.2 ;
38.3
36.2

749
34.5 i
492 j
22.7 !
257 |
34.4 :
35.2 33.5

757
34.8
473
21.8
284
37.5
42.9
32.5

!

!

•
i
'

893 '
41.6 I
554!
25.8 '.
339
38.0
37.9
38.0

952
43.8
630
29.0
322
33.8
32.5
35.2

!
j
•
'

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

12,692
8,329
65.6
7,445
58.7

13,115
8,758

13,153

12,692
8,423

13,003
8,654

66.6

13,082
8,772
67.1
8,058
61.6

13,115
8,879
67.7

13,153

884

718
8.2

66.4
7,614
60.0
809
9.6

13,043
8,763
67.2

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,905
67.7
8,086
61.5

66.8
8,040

61.3

10.6

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
* Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

820

9.2

7,935

61.0
719
8.3

7,978
61.2
785

9.0

714
8.1

8,238
62.8
642
7.2

9,017
68.6
8,268

62.9
749
8.3

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Category

Feb.
1987

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

111,344
39,958
27,837

5,925

113,210
40,556
28,099
6,178

113,504
40,645
28,175
6,237

113,744
40,711
28,249
6,227

114,129
40,404
28,441
6,168

114,409

6,174

112,460
39,868
28,477
6,157

1,368

1,407

1,640

1,705

1,274
79

1,440

1,430
140

1,595
1,407
155

1,599
1,450
156

1,666

1,325
95

138

1.677
1,414
114

101,065
17,214
83,851
1,071
82,780
8,060

101,341
17,270

99,772
16,553
83,219
1,213
82,006
8,166
254

101,943
17,118
84,825
1,286

101,997
17,064
84,933
1,200
83,733
8.280
248

102,507
17,197
85,310
1,147
84,163
8,150
237

| 102,683
| 16,948
85,735
, 1,170
| 84,565
! 8,312
I
228

5,766
5.353 I 5,534 ! 5,262
5,367
! 5,377
2,501 j 2,377 ! 2,408 I 2,284 : 2,396
; 2,661
!
2,696 I 2,638 '. 2,640
i 2,390 ; 2,773 ! 2,655
14,110 | 14.488 '' 14,523
14,711
14,571
i 15,446

5.566
2,478
2.598
14,572

Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

109,464
39,354
27,622
5,924

112,139
40,000

1,375
1.297

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

28,185

40,475
28,707
6.157

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

92
98,456
16,879
81,576
1.128
80,448
8,007
237

226

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

101,522
17,033
84,489

1,222
83,267
8,274
242

83,539
8,222
235

i

Alt industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

j
5,583
5,394
i 2,692
2,683
j 2,548 ; 2,405
; 14,947 i 14,906

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

]
;

j 5.32B
; 2,499
....; 2,501
; 14,535'

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




84,071
1,087
82,984
8,146
213

132

1,454

'
5,458
5,191 : 5,117:
2,527;
2,504 ;
2,315
2,682
2,363
2.292
13.635
14,491
15,055

5,067
2.196
2,557
14,011

5,241
2.209
2,597
14,064

5,004
2.111
2,552
14,222

5,145
2,260
2,566
14.096

5,254
2.327
2,457
14,123

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measure

Monthly data

1987

1986

1987

IV

1968

IV

Dec.

Jan.

I M Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.6

1.5

1.5

1.4

1.4

U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

3.3

3.2

3.0

2.8

2.7

2.7

2.6

2.6

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force

5.4

5.1

4.8

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.5

4.5

U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

6.5

6.2

5.9

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.4

5.3

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces

6.8

6.5

6.2

5.9

5.8

5.7

5.7

5.6

U*5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force .

6.8

6.6

6.3

6.0

5.9

5.8

5.8

5.7

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1 /2 part-time jobseekers plus
1/2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

9.2

9.0

8.5

8.2

8.1

8.0

8.0

8.0

10.2

9.9

9.3

9.0

8.8

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 112 part-time jobseekers
plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1 /2 of the part-time labor force
N.A. = not available.
Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Category
Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

6,938
3.707
3,071
3,231
2,635
1,232

6.6
6.6
5.8
6.6
5.8
17.9

6.0
5.9
5.1
6.1
5.2
17.2

5,9
5.8
5.0
6.0
5.2
16.6

5.8
5.7
4.9
5.9
5.2
16.1

5.8
5.8
5.1
5.9
5.1
16.0

5.7
5.6
4.9
5.9
5.2
15.4

1,495
1,239
605

1,428
1,226
557

4.1
4.8
9.6

3.7
4.2
8.9

3.5
4.2
6.5

3.4
4.3
8.4

3.6
4.2
8.9

3.4
4.1
8.3

6,397
1,477

5,603
1,464

5,549
1,379

6.2
8.8
7.5

5.6
8.3
6.8

5.5
8.2
6.8

5.4
8.0
6.6

5.4
8.3
6.6

5.3
7.9
6.6

5,843
2,305
114
727
1,464
865
599
3,538
254
1,668
1,616
623
202

5,291
2,034
63
762
1,209
704
505
3,257
231
1,438
1.588
529
217

5,175
1,992
66
700
1,226
763
463
3,182
236
1,476
1,470
483

6.6
8.0
13.0
11.7
6.8
6.7
6.9
5.9
4-1
7.2
5.2
3.6
11.0

5.9
7.0
8.3
11.2
5.7
5.2
6.5
5.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
3.3
10.6

5.8
6.5
7.0
10.6
5.3
4.8
5.9
5.5
4.5
6.8
4.8
3.4
11.1

5.7
6.4
8.0
10.6
.5.1
4.8
5.6
5.3
4.6
6.2
4.8
3.2
10.9

5.8
7.1
7.7
12.2
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.3
3.6
6.1
4.9
3.0
11.5

5.7
6.9
7.8
11.0
5.6
5.9
5.3
5.1
3.6
6.4
4.5
2.6
10.2

Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

7,886
4,374
3.606
3,512
2,858
1,422

7,046
3,847
3,154
3,200
2,581
1,312

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

1,730
1,390
628

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industri s
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.


Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for


economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Nov.
1987

Oct.
1987

T

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

3,343
2,444
2,129
1,004
1,125

3,223
2,093
1,801
844
957

3,216

3,229

2,029
1,834
899

907

2,973
2,602
1,907
977
930

935

1,968
1,791
892
899

14.7
7.4

13.8
6.2

14.3
7.1

14.8
6.7

14.1
6.2

14.0
6.1

100.0
37.8
34.8
27.4
13.7
13.7

100.0
44.6
31.5
23.8
11.9
11.9

100.0
39.7
34.8
25.5

100.0
42.2
30.9
26.9
12.7
14.2

100.0
45.3
29.4
25.3
11.9
13.4

100.0
45.4
28.7
25.9
12.7
13.2

3,216
2,957
2,329
1,166
1,163

3,395

2,397
1,811
904

894

3,084
2.145
1,740
841
899

14.2
6.0

14.4
6.4

14.4
6.4

100.0
46.2
28.2
25.6
12.8
12.9

100.0
43.6
31.9
24.5
11.8
12.6

100.0
44.3
30.8
25.0
12.1
12.9

3,089
2,263
1,733

839

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

13.1
12.4

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reasons
Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

4,469
1,335
3,134
1,058
2,058
918

3,770
1,272
2,498
1,133
1,940
759

3,739
1,181
2,558
988
1,974
782

3,835
1,001
2,834
1,033
2,038
1,007

3,388
944
2,444
960
1,845
914

3,307
878
2,429
926
1,974
855

3,200
856
2,344
946
1,945
909

3.209
888
2.320
1.082
1,917
885

3,207
884
2,323
961
1.951
864

100.0
52.6
15.7
36.9
12.4
24.2
10.8

100.0
49.6
16.7
32.9
14.9
25.5
10.0

100.0
50.0
15.8
34.2
13.2
26.4
10.4

100.0
48.5
12.7
35.8
13.1
25.8
12.7

100.0
47.7
13.3
34.4
13.5
26.0
12.9

100.0
46.8
12.4
34.4
13.1
28.0
12.1

100.0
45.7
12.2
33.5
13.5
27.8
13.0

100.0
45.2
12.5
32.7
15.3
27.0
12.5

100.0
45.9
12.7
33.3
13.8
27.9
12.4

3.1
.8
1.6
.7

3.2
.9
1.7
.8

2.7
.8
1.6
.7

2.7
.8
1.6
.8

2.6
.9
1.6
.7

2.6
.8
1.6
.7

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

,

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers ....
Reentrants ....
New entrants .




3.8
.9
1.7
.8

3.2
.9
1.6 |
.6 !

-L

2.8
.8 !
1.5 |
.8 I

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Sex and age
Feb.
1987
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years

672
754

16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

1,593
4,879
4,421
463

Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1

7,886
3,015
1,422

4,374
1,644
768
365
408

876
2,747
2,456
300
3,512
1,371
654
307
346
717
2,132
1,965
163

Feb.
1988

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1987

Oct.
1987
6.0
11.8
17.2
20.4

7,046
2.659

6,938

6.6

2,525

13.0

1,312
636
689
1,347

1,232
580

17.9

655

4,393

1,293
4,416

3,896
527

3,926
499

3,847

3,707
1,333

1,456
693
348

360
763
2,391
2,070
351

636
285
354

697
2,390
2,095
305

19.6
16.4
10.4

5.1
5.5
3.1

4.6
4.8
3.1

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

5.9

5.8
11.2

5.8
11.6

16.1

16.0

17.8

18.7
14.5
9.1
4.5
4.7
3.5

5.7
11.1
15.4
17.4

11.6
16.6
19.2
14.8
8.9
4.5
4.7
3.4

6.6

5.9

5.8

12.1

12.0

17.4
20.9

17.2
20.4
14.8

10.9
5.1
5.4
3.4

3,231
1,192

6.6
12.4

596
295

584
2,002
1,826
175

596
2.026

17.1
19.0
15.7
9.9

1,831
194

8.8

Dec.
1987

13.5
18.5
20.5
17.1

3,200
1.203
619
290
329

301

14.7

Nov.
1987

5.1
5.5
2.7

14.8

9.2
4.5
4.8
3.1

9.2
4.4
4.6
3.5

6.1

6.0

11.6
16.9
19.9

11.2
16.0
17.9

14.6

14.7
8.6
4.7

8.5
4.7
4.9
3.1

4.9
3.2

14.7
8.5
4.5
4.8
3.2
5.7
11.7

17.2
19.3
15.3
8.7
4.4

4.6
3.2
5.9
10.7
14.8

16.2
14.1
8.4
4.7
4.9
3.3

5.8
12.2
16.4
19.4
14.9

9.9
4.4
4.5
4.0

13.9
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.3

5.6
11.3
15.6
16.9
14.7
9.0
4.3
4.5
3.4

5.9

5.9

10.9
15.6
17.9

10.8

14.1
8.2

4.6
4.9
2.8

15.1
18.0
13.1
8.4
4.7

4.9
3.1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population...
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

25,567
16,158
63.2
14.087

26,146
16,622

26,196

25,567

25,969

26,021

26,068

26,146

26,196

16,544

16,381

16,755

16,869

16,853

16,926

64.7
15,076
57.7

16,779
64.1
14,884

63.2

64.1

64.5

64.8

64.7

14,828

14,641

14,320
56.0
2,061

14,946

15,017
57.7
1,852
11.0
9,152

15,008
57.6
1,845
10.9
9,215

55.1

56.7

55.9

2.071
12.8
9,409

1,794
10.8
9.524

1,904
11.5

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




63.6

9,652

12.6
9,186

57.6
1,809
10.8

9,214

1,850
10.9
9.220

56.8
1,895
11.3
9,417

* Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Unemployment rate

Unemployed

Civilian employed
Occupation

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1988

109.464

112,460

8,503

7,482

7.2

6.2

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

27,246
12,725
14,521

28,621
13,759
14,862

664
360
334

586
348
238

2.5
2.8
2.2

2.0
2.5
1.6

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

34,519
3,163
13,181
18,175

35,209
3,381
13,376
18,453

1,680
135
754
791

1,502
113
648
741

4.6
4.1
5.4
4.2

4.1
3.2
4.6
3.9

Service occupations
*
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

14,835
917
1,875
12,044

15,170
885
1,897
12,388

1,373
71
90
1,213

1,311
67
65
1,158

6.5
7.2
4.6
9.1

6.0
7.0
4.3
8.6

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,232
4,477
4,790
3,965

13,373
4,558
4,728
4,086

1,135
215
656
264

993
197
572
223

7.9
4.6
12.0
6.2

6.9
4.1
10.8
5.2

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

16,803
7,653
4,596
4,554
561
3,994

17,237
7,914
4,696
4,627
684
3,943

2,318
960
515
844
235
609

1,977
758
451
770
254
515

12.1
11.1
10.1
15.6
29.5
13.2

10.3
8.7
6.8
14.3
27.1
11.6

2,828

2,849

333

299

10.5

9.5

Total, 16 years and over1

Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Civilian
noninttltutloml
population

Unemployed
Total

Employed
. Number

Percent of
labor force
Feb.
Feb.
19971999,

Feb.
1997

Feb.
1999

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1999

7,804
6,275
1,007
2,781
2,487
1,529

7,877
6,033
781
2,329
2,923
1,844

7,189
5,986
943
2,664
2,379
1.203

7,243
5,724
732
2,223
2,769
1,519

6,609
5,660
863
2,522
2.275
1,149

6,881
5,433
688
2,062
2,663
1,448

380
326
80
142
104
54

362
291
44
141
106
71

5.3
5.4
8.5
5.3
4.4
4.5

5.0
5.1
6.0
6.3
3.8
4.7

19,078
8,728
6.026
4,324

20.071
9,001
6,637
4,433

18,053
8,293
5,707
4,053

18,873
8,529
6,223
4,121

16,966
7,743
5,384
3,839

17,905
8,027
5,901
3,977

1,087
550
323
214

968
502
322
144

6.0
6.6
5.7
5.3

5.1
5.9
5.2
3.5

Feb.
.1997

Feb.
.1999,.

Feb.
1987

Feb.
1999,.

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total. 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to




those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)

I
State and employment status

Not seasonally adjusted1
Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

Seasonally adjusted*
Feb.
1987

Oct.
1987

Nov.
1987

:
!

Dec.
1987

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1988

j

California
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

|
i

20,359
13,535
12,628
907
6.7

20,787
13,924
13,145
780
5.6

20,824
13,975
13,164
812
5.8

20,359
13,593
12,745
848
6.2

20,678
13,784
12,984
800
5.8

20,714
13,912
13,172
740
5.3 '

20,751
13,950
13,221
729
5.2

20,787
13,981
13,267
714
5.1

20,824
14,032
13,279
753
5.4

9,331
5,721
5,421
300
5.2

9,568
5,917
5,622
295
5.0

9,588
5,959
5,661
298
5.0

9,331
5,775
5,453
322
5.6

9,507
5,961
5,666
295
4.9

9,527
5,958
5,647
311
5.2

9,548
5,990
5,681
309
5.2

9,568
5,993
5,698
295
4.9

9,588
6,013
5,695
318
5.3

8,717
5,587
5,121
466
8.3

8,764
5,741
5,317
424
7.4

8,767
5,739
5,270
469
8.2

8,717
5,684
5,248
436
7.7

8,754
5,857
5,463
394
6.7

8,757
5,764
5,364
400
6.9

8,761
5,751
5,325
426
7.4

8,764
5,795
5,407
388
6.7

8,767
5,839
5,401
438
7.5

4,579
3,011
2,893
118
3.9

4.597
3,107
2,989
116
3.8

4,598
3,101
2.985
116
3.8

4,579
3,058
2,950
108
3.5

4,593
3,111
3,014
97
3.1

4,594
3,093
3,009
84
2.7

4,596
3,088
2,998
90
2.9

4,597
3,142
3,036
106
3.4

4,598
3,147
3,041
106
3.4

6,903
4,431
4,038
393
8.9

6,966
4,426
3,954
472
10.7

6,972
4,469
4,071
398
8.9

6,903
4,488
4,113
375
8.4

6,951
4,520
4,187
333
7.4

6,956
4,519
4,159
360
8.0

6,962
4,529
4,137
392
8.7

6,966
4,472
4,018
454
10.2

6,972
4,530
4,149
381
8.4

5,985
3,910
3,722
188
4.8

6,024
3,965
3,786
178
4.5

6,027
3,970
3,810
161
4.0

5,985
3,931
3,767
164
4.2

6,015
3,985
3,825
160
4.0

"6,018
3,994
3,847
147
3.7

6,021
4,005
3,848
157
3.9

6,024
4,037
3,884
153
3.8

6,027
3,991
3,856
135
3.4

13,741
8,376
7,911
466
5.6

13,768
8,523
8,096
427
5.0

13,769
8,426
8,054
372
4.4

13,741
8,454
6,029
425
5.0

13,765
8,476
8,066
410
4.8

13,766
8,553
8,112
441
5.2

13,768
8,512
8,127
385
4.5

13,768
8,524
8.120
404
4.7

13,769
8,505
8,172
333
3.9

4,779
3,239
3,059
180
5.6

4,852
3,247
3,082
166
5.1

4,858
3,284
3,146
138
4.2

4,779
3,258
3,095
163
5.0

4.834
3,324
3,188
136
4.1

4,840
3,314
3,181
133
4.0

4,846
3,291
3,144
147
4.5

4,652
3,291
3,135
156
4.7

4,858
3,300
3.180
120
3.6

8,134
5,211
4,738
473
9.1

8,181
5,258
4,883
375
7.1

8,184
5,279
4,904
374
7.1

8,134
5.295
4,850
445
8.4

8,171
5,215
4,900
315
6.0

8,174
5,263
4,945
318
6.0

8,178
5,264
4,937
327
6.2

8.181
5,330
4,983
347
6.5

8,184
5,355
5,013
342
6.4

Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutionat population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted2

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Feb.
1988

I

Feb.
1987

Nov.
1987

Dec.
1987

I
j

Jan.
1988

Feb.
1987

Jan.
1988

9,273
5,431
5,082
349
6.4

9,309
5,728
5,372
356
6.2

9,312
5,653
5,319
334
5.9

9,273
5,564
5,253
311
5.6

9,303
5,734
5,403
331
5.8

9,305
5,709
5,394
315
5.5

9,307
5,780
5,457
323
5.6

9,309
5.827
5,497
330
5.7

9,312
5,786
5,486
300
5.2

12,001
8,136
7,386
750
9.2

12,050
8,162
7,479
683
8.4

12,053
8,210
7,492
718
8.7

12,001
8,231
7,503
728
8.8

12,041
8,249
7,592
657
8.0

12,044
8,351
7.659
692
8.3

12,048
6,286
7,646
640
7.7

12,050
8,255
7,595
660
8.0

12,053
8,306
7,610
696
8.4

Oct.
1987

Feb.
1988

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Dvilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore.




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employ*** on nonagrlcultural payrolls by Industry
fin thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
1

Peb.
1987

TOUI
Total private
Goods-producing . . .
Mining
Oil and gas extraction .
Construction
General building contractors

Dec.
1987

99,792 104,373

i

Oct.
1997

Nov.
1987

Dec.

j J a n . pj

Feb.

102,348

102,924

85,110

85,332

84,215

85,795

86,072

24,072

25, 193

24,638

24,651

24,743

25,064

25,169

743
436.0

740
432.4

719
406

764
443

759
439

756
436

5,038
1,309

5,053
1,279

5,074
1,280

5,121
1,290

5,059
1,303

5,166
1,320

19,287
13,162

18,986
12,916

19,247
13,129

19,336
13,197

19,382

19,400

19,420
13,276

11,355
7,560

11,179
7,398

11,319
7,530

11,367
7,568

11,403
7,597

11,405
7,590

11,413
7,606

284.7
1,447.4
2,096.1
2,128.3
2,004.0
816.0
701.4
368.6

728.2
533.3
563.
772.3
287.2
1,446.9
2,101.3
2,123.6
2,011.3
822.7
701.1
373.4

733
50
588
733
261
1,419
2,O1B
2,106
2,022
859
695
364

741
524
583
768
286
1,438
2,064
2,111
2,019
838
697
374

750
526
588
771
287
1,446
2,074
2,118
2,016
835
701
377

753
530
590
771
285
1,451
2,085
2,128
2,018
832
701
376

753
533
585
768
284
1,453
2,096
2,130
2,006
822
703
378

754
532
538
771
287
1,454
2,097
2,128
2,005
822
703
381

7,912
5,584

7,932
5,602

7,807
5,518

7,928
5,599

7,969
5,629

7,979
5,644

7,995
5,662

8,007
5,670

1,630
58
722
1,101
679
1,483
1,018
164
805
147

1,635
55
736
1,123
678
1,514
1,035
167
833
152

1,645 j 1,645
56 |
56
738
739
1,128
1,121
680
681
1,522
1,525
1,041
1 ,047
167
167
840
845
152
153

1,662
56
737
1,115
681
1,531
1,048
167
845
153

1,663
55
738
1,114
632
1,537
1,051
168
846
153

713

409

761
445.91

Manufacturing
Production workers

18,853
12,801

19,388
13,249

Durable goods
Production workers

11,121
7,353

11,414
7,609

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.
Leather and leather products

Feb.
1987

86,835

5,044
1,285.2

Nondurable goods
Production workers

Feb.
1988

82,587

4,506

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steet products .
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Jan.
1988

706.5
501.8

741,
534.
583,
768,
284,
1,41 1.9 1,455,
1,022.4 2,089,
!, 101.4 2,131.
2,034.
859.4
845.
693.7
701.
357.4
374,

563.7
734.5
260.9

7,732
5,448

7,974
5,640

1,572.6

1,636.
57.7
58.
718.3
739,
1 , 1 0 3 . 1 1,119.
673.7
681.
1 , 4 8 2 . 0 1,532.
1 , 0 1 4 . 3 1,044.
160.7
164.
803.4
843.
145. 8
153.

19,251

7,540

726.5
533.7
564.3
768.5

1,608.6

1,605.2
. 54.8
734.3
1 , 106.5 1,116.4
677.1
678.0
1 , 5 2 9 . 5 1,537.2
1,041.6 1,046.4
163.4
164.2
842.1
845.1
151.2
151.6

57.9
733.6

101,150 102,983

103,285
16,533!
25,204
745
428

36,996
25,332
746
429

75,720

79,180

77,710

78,273

78,582

78,985

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,252
3,045
2,207

5,510
3,272
2,238

5,426
3,196
2,230

5,431
3,202
2,229

5,315
3,097
2,218

5,436
3,198
2,238

5,459
3,218
2,241

5,473
3,233
2,240

5,486
3,245
2,241

5,497
3,257
2,240

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .

5,707
3,370
2,337

5,878
3,473
2,405

5,846
3,465
2,381

5,853
3,473
2,380

5,757
3,391
2,366

5,831
3,444
2,387

5,851
3,456
2,395

5,871
3-, 473
2,398

5,887
3,482
2,405

5,903
3,494
2,409

17,644
19,086
18,349
18,233
2 , 2 9 0 . 4 2,756.8 2 , 5 5 5 . 9 2 , 4 5 5 . 7
2 , 9 1 4 . 7 3,059.3 3 , 0 0 9 . 2 3 , 0 0 9 . 3
1 , 9 5 1 . 2 2,002.6 2 , 0 0 1 . 1 2 , 0 0 8 . 2
5 , 6 8 7 . 2 6,009.1 5 , 7 9 7 . 5 5 , 8 2 3 . 5

18,140
2,373
2,940
1,979
5,956

18,408
2,459
2,969
2,000
6,032

18,443
2,454
2,982
2,003
6,047

18,458
2,453
2,996
2,013
6,064

18,628
2,501
3,021
2,021
6,083

13,739
2,545
3,037
2,037
6,098

6,614
3,280
2,090
1,244

6,501
3,243
2,016
1,242

6,650
3,296
2,068
1,286

6,657
3,301
2,069
1,287

6,668
3,301
2,082
1,285

6,681
3,307
2,084
1,290

6,677
3,296
2,092
1,289

24,228
24,550
5,142.7 5,173.9
, 0 7 3 . 1 7 , 125.6

23,759
4,984
6,748

24,406
5,194
6,987

24,493
5,195
7,023

24,612
5,217
7,063

24,647
5,216
7,087

24,848
5,269
7,147

16,935
2,916
3,927
10,092

17, 188
2,965
3,973
10,250

17,213
2 ,977
3,978
10,258

17,271
2,981
3,996
10,294

17,253
2,982
3,994
10.277

17,321
2,989
4,007
10,325

Service-producing.

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate .
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services.
' Health services...
Government.
Federal...
State
Local
p =• preliminary.




6,438
3,227
2,013
1,198

6,654
3,298
2,080
1,276

23,474
24,514
4,893.9 5 , 2 4 3 . 2
6,728.6 7 , 0 4 8 . 5
17,205
2,897
4,020
10,288

17,538
2,972
4,076
10,490

6,623
3,294
2,080
1,249

17,238
2,953
3,962
10,318

17,592
2,968
4, 103
10,521

78,116

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
1

Table B-2. Average weekly hour* of production or nonsupervleory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by Industry
Seasonally adjusted

Mot seasonally adjusted

Indwtry
1988 P
34.5 I

Total private...

„..!

Mining
Construction

1937

34.5

34.6

42.8

41.9

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

37.6

36.2

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

41.0
3.8

41.1
3.9

40.9
3.8

41.5
3.9

41.7
4.0

41.5
3.9

40.4
39.8
42.5
43.6
44.3
4T.7
42.5
40.9
41.4
41.4
41.3
12)

40.2
39.6
42.0
43.5
44.0
41.9
42.8
41.2
42.0
42.1
41.7
(2)

40.7
39.6
41.9
43*2
43.9
41*5
42.6
40.7
42.0
42.5
41.5
(2)

40.3
3.7

40.4
3.8

40.2
3.6

40.7
(2)
41.6
36.9
43.6
38.0
42.6
44.4
(2)
(2)

40.3
(2)
41.4
37.0
43.1
37.9
42.6
44.2
(2)
(2)

.,.,1

Manufacturing
Overtime hours .

40.8
3.5

41.8
4.2

41.0
3.8

40.7
3.6

Durabla gooda
Overtime hours .

41.5
3.6

42,4
4.3

41.6 j
3.9 I

41.3
3.8

41.7
3.7

41.9
4.1

4.0

40.6
39.5
41.7
42.7
42.5
41.4
42.1
40.9
42.4
42.8
41.3
39.2

40.4
41.0
42.2
44.2
44.6
42.7
43.6
42.0
42.7
42.9
42.4
39.8

39.6
39.2
40.9
43.5
43.8
41.'8
42.8
41.3
42.2
42.4
41.7
38.7

40.0
38.9
40.9
43.3
44.1
41.3
42.5
40.5
41.9
42.3
41.5
38.4

41.3
40.2
42.8
42.6
42.3
41.6
42.2
41. 1
42.5
43.0
41.3
(2)

40.4
40.0
42.6
43.7
44.3
42.0
42.6
41.1
42.5
43.0
42.1

40.6
40.0
42.5
43.7
44.0
42.1
42.7
41.0
42.4
43.1
41.7

(2)

(2)

39.9
3.3

40.9
3.9

40.2
3.6

39.8
3.4

40.3
3.5

40.5

40.4

3.8

3.8

39.4
36.2
41.6
37.1
43.0
37.8
42.1
43.4
41.5
37.2

41.1
40.5
42.3
37.6
44.1
38.7
43.2
44.3
42.5
38.5

40.5
40.5
41.4
36.7
43.6
37.7
42.6
44.1
41.9
37.6

39.6
41.6
41.0
36.7
42.8
37.6
42.5
43.6
41.4
36.7

40.1
<2>
42.0
37.4
43.3
38.1
42.2
44.0
(2)

40.5

41.3
4.0 j
1

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal Industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Nondurable goqjje..
Overtime hours.
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products .
Leather and leather products

I
I
I
{

(2)
Transportation and public utilities .

39.0

39.2

38.9

38.9

Wholesale trade

37.9

38.3

38.0

37.9

Retail trade

28.7

29.3

28.3

28*6

39.2

3.9|
41.9

40.6

(2)

(2)

(2)

41.9
37.4
43.7
38.0
42.7
43.5

41.8
37.1
43.5
38.0
42.7
43.6

(2)
(2)

(2)
(2)

40.6
(2)
41.7
37.2
43.2
37.9
42.7
44.3
(2)
(2)

39.3

39.1

39.0

39.4

39.1

38.4

38.3

38.1

38.2

38.2

29.3

29.2

28.8

28.9

38.3

Finance, Insurance, and real estate

36.4

36.0

36*2

36.6

(2)

<2>

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Services

32.4

32.4

32.5

32.7

32.6

32.5

32.6

32.4

32.7

32.9

.

' Data relate to production workers In mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervlsory workers In transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private
nonagricultural payrolls.




• This series Is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot
be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
1

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by Industry
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Feb.
1987
Total pHvate
5#«*on«//y adjusted

Dec.
1987

1988 P

1938

$9.13
9 . 11

$9.18
9. 14

$9.17
9. 12

Feb.
1987

P

Dec*
1987

$307.74 $318.64 $315.79 $316.37
309.91
3 1 7 . 16 318.29
315.21

•
Construction

12.92

Manufacturing
DvrtWegood*
Lumber and wood products
Furniture- and fixtures
Stona, day, and glass products
Primary metal Industries
Blast f urnaces and baste steal products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
."
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

4 6 1 . 19

9.84

10.08

10.07

10.07

401.47

421.34

412.87

409.85

10.39
8.31
7.58
10. 15
11.78
13.59
9.99
10.68
9.84
12.88
13.49
9.67
7.68

10.63
8.45
7.79
10.33
12.15
14.03
10.24
10.96
10.05
13.26
13.90
9.88
7.91

10.62
8.52
7.81
10.3?
12.10
13.92
10.19
10.92
10.01
13.22
13.96
9.92
7.96

10.61
8.53
7.73
10.38
12.13
14.07
10. 18
10.91
10.01
13.20
13.92
9.95
7.89

431.19
337.39
299.41
423.26
503.01
577.58
413.59
449.63
402.46
546.11
577.37
399.37
301.06

450.71
341.38
319.39
435.93
537.03
625.74
437.25
477.86
422.10
566.20
596.31
418.91
314.82

441.79
337.39
3 0 6 . 15
4 24*. 13
526.35
609.70
425.94
467.38
413.41
557.8S
591.90
413.66
308.05

438.19
341.20
300.70
424.54
525.23
620.49
420.43
463.68
405.41
553.08
588.82
412.93
302.98

9.06
8.91
13.44
7.11
5.93
11.26
10. 16
12.21
14.51
8.79

9.30
9.05
13.56
7.33
6.01
11 .54
10.44
12.62
14.72
9.00

9.32
9.06
14.07
7.38
6.04
1 1.50
10.41
12.54
14.91
8.97

9.31
9.05

362.29
351.05
486.53
295.78
220.00
484.16
384.05
514.04
629*73
364.79
223.57

380.37
371.96
549.18
310.06
225.98
508.91
404.03
545.18
652.10
382.50
235.24

374.66
366.93
569.84
305.53
221*67
501.40
392.46
534*20
657.53
375.84
229.74

370.54
358.38
591.97
301*76
221.67
491*77
392.54
530.83
649.20
371.36
226*07

465.27

477.06

471.47

474.58

361.95

373.04

372.02

371.80

14.23

7.36
6.04
11.49
10.44
12.49
14.89
8.97

6.01

6.11

6.11

6.16

11.93

12. 17

12.12

12.20

Transportation and public utilities
Whofeeela trade

9.55

9.74

9.79

9.81

6.09

6 . 19

6.23

6.22

Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate

8.75

8.87

9.01

9.05

8.73

8.78

8.80

Sanrteee

8.43

174.78

181.37

176.31

177.69

318.50

319.32

326.16

331.23

273.13

282.85

285.35

287.76

p * preliminary.

' See footnote 1, table B-2.

Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by Industry
(1977-100)
Seasonally adjusted

Percent
change
from:

Industry

Tots) private nonfarm:
Current dollars
Constant 119771 dollars
Mtnina
.
Construction
Manufacturing .
Traneportattoii and public utttttlee .
Wholesale trade
..
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and
realeatate
.
Services
.

1
2
3
4

1987

1987

1988p

1988p

172. 2
95.0
18 1.7
151.8
174.0
175.0
176.0
159.4

176.2
94.0
183.7
155.5
177.3
178.6
179.7
16 2.3

176.8
94. 1
184.8
156.7
177.6
177.8
180.3
162.8

177.0
N.A.
184.5
154.7
177.7
178.8
180.6
162.8

187.8
179.6

190.9
186.2

191.=*
1«7,2

ll*4 . >
1H7.S

Percent
cnanga
from:
1987

1987

1987

1987

198BP

I988p

1988Feb*
1988

2.7
(2)
1.5
1 .9
2. 1
2.2
2.7
2.1

171.8
94.6
(4}
152.4
173.7
174.3
(4)
158.9

174.9
93.6
(4)
154.7
176.3
176.9
(4)
162.2

175.8
93.8
(4)
156.6
176.6
177. 1
<4)
162.3

175.7
93.6
(4)
154.4
176.9
177.4
(4)
162.7

176.4
93.7
(4)
156.8
177.0
177.4
(4)
162.8

176.5
N.4.
(4)
155.3
177.4
178. 1
(4)
162.3

(5)
(3)
(4)
- 1 .0
.2
.4
(4)
-.3

3.7
4.4

(4)
17R.4

(4)
183.9

(4)
195.2

<4>
19S. 1

f 4)
1BS.3

(4)
186.2

(4)
(5)

1987Feb.
1988

S e e f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e B - 2 .
C h a n g e i s - 1 . 0 p e r c e n t f r o m J a n u a r y t 9 3 7 t o J a n u a r y 1 9 9 8 , t h e l a t e s t rnonth a v a i l a b l e .
C h a n g e i s l e s s t h a i . 0 5 p e r c e n t f r o m D e c e m b e r 1 9 8 7 t o J a n u a r y 1 9 8 8 , th*» U t e s t m o n t h a v i i l a b l * .
T h e s e s e r i e s a r e n >t s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d s i n c e t h e s e a s o n a l c o m p o n e n t i-5 s n a i l r u U t i v ; t o t h e ^r
i r r e g u l a r c o m p o n e n s a n d c o n s e q u e n t l y c a n n o t b e separ*••ert w i t h s u f f i c i e n t p r e c i s i o n ,
5 C h a n g e is l e s s t h a n . 0 5 p e r c e n t *
Data not available,
N.A.
p - preliminary,




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indtxts of a w e g a t e weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural
payrolls by industry

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

1983 P

1989

P

!
Total....

118.9

119.3

119.7

121.9

122.2

121.3

Goods-producing .

97.2

96.8

99.3

101.3

101.4

101.61

136.2

136.8

Mining
114.7

Manufacturing

91.6)

94.4

93.9

93.1

91.6
99.0

90.6 I

92.
105.
99.
87.
106.
83.

92.li
97.5|
112.8
80.7
66.7
54.5
91.5
91.5
103.7
96.2
83.2
105.0
79.1

111.6
SO.7
66.8
55.4
90.5
91.4
101.7
95.9
83.5
104.5
79.a

94.6
93.1
73.5
81.2|
85.6j
99. l i
128.9
92.9
79.4
113.1
56.1

100.
102.
83.
84.;
88.
102.
136.
98.
84.
122.0
61.2

97.8
98.1
81.6
82.4
85.0
101.1
133.1
96.9
83.9
119.8
58.7 j

97.1
95.7
75.4
81.8
85.8
99.2
133.9
97.5
83*6
119.1
57.3

127.4

135.1

130.9

131

Durable good*
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
.
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metat industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products .
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

106.4
91.8
61*4
47.0
88.0
85.3
100.3
99. 2\
88.7
101.8
78.3

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures . ,
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products.
Leather and leather products

89.5
97.6

Scrvlce-producfng
Transportation and public utilities .

133.6

105.8)

97.1
94.8
102.0
118.2

86.7
67.
55.
94.

H2.0

Wholesale trade
Retalltrade

109.4

106.2

117.8

117.8

117.3

Finance, Instance, and real estate .

141.3

< 139.3

151.9

See footnote 1, table B-2.

95.0i

92.6
103.3 j 101.7
107.9 i 112.7
88.3
87.7
61.2|
66.8
46.8
54.9
89.1
91.3
85.1
89.3
100.8
102.0
98.9
97.8
89.0
86.9
102.0
105.1
81.1
82.7
96.7
99.3
76.0
82.3
86.1

100.6
130.2

93.4
83.1
113.5

98.7
100.3
73.8
83.7
87.8
101.3
132.3

96.3

130.5
95.4

95.2

93.0
104.2
113.3
88.1
67.3
55.0
92.2
90.1
102.0
97.3
86.7
104.6
82.5

92.6
103.7
113.5
88.7
6 7.1
55.1
91.7

90. 1
102.7
94.9
83.0
103.6
82.0

99.Oj 99.2
101.41 101.4
75.4
78.5
83.8
83.6
87.6
87.3
101.0 100.5
133.0 133. 1
97.0
97.8
83.9
86.9

84.5
118 .4 ( 119.3
61.1
60.2

119.8

83.6
136.7

95.3
92.
102.
113.
86.

66.
54.
92.
91.
103.
95.
83.
105.
82.
99.
103.
79.
83.
86.
101.
134.
97.
87.
120.

92.7
104.6
113.4
86.9
66.5
55.4
91.6
91.1
102.1

95.5
83.8
104.7
82.8

99.2
102.2
77.3
83.1
86.3
100.7
135.1

97.9
87.5
119.3

57.8

60.2

60.0

58.9

131.0

133.0

134.3

135*3

107.8

110.5

112.0

108.0

117.4

118.8

119.5

119.8

120.4

120.1

121.6

123.5

141.1

142.7

143.7

154.5

156.0

158.2

117.5
142.1
141.0

Services

I

123.2

100.5 i 101.3
82.8]

Construction . . .

1

122.3 j

155.2
150.1
P = preliminary.

142.2 j 142.9
153.5

154.6

1
Table B*6 Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries In which employment increased

Time
span

Year

Jan.

!
!

Feb.

1

. . . ,
56.8
pS9.7

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

NOV.

DM.

48.1 '
58.6

53.5
58.4

52.4
58.6

46.8
55.7

52*4
68.6

56.2
54.6

55.1
65.4

53.2
65.4

59.7
71.9

63.2

S8.6
75.9

60.3
p70.0

Over
1-month
span

1986
1987

53.2
53.5
p57.6

Over
3-ifonth
span

1986
1987
1988

49.7
58.6
p65.9

44.9
59.5

45.7
61.1

48.4
61.6

47.6
61.4

45.4
67.3

4B.4
66.2

55.1
75.1

55.9
69.7

58. 1
77.8

Over
6-month
span

1986
1987
1988

47.6
61.9

47.6
62.7

43.0
58.9

43.2
67.3

45.4
67.6

48.4
71.1

47.3
76.2

53.0
78.6

59.2
80.3

56.9

57.8

P74.9

P76.5

Over
12-month
span

43.2
62.2

44.1
63.5

46.2
67.3

45.7
68.9

47.8
73.8

49.5
72.4

49.5
p76.2

51.6

54.9

52.2

55. 1

1987

P76.5

1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted (or i. 3. and 6 month spans, on payrolls of 185
private nonaghcuitural industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted,
p = preliminary.




».»

58.9

56.5

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rismq (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans

*U.S.COVERNin£NT

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