Full text of The Employment Situation : February 1981
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News
Bureau of Labor Statistics
- 2 -
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
million.
The other unemployment categories—job leavers and labor force entrants—have shown no
consistent trend since June.
(See table A-7.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force
Total employment rose by 230,000 over the month and, at 97.9 million, exceeded the 1980 peak
which occurred in this series last February.
Contact:
Pat Daly
Debbie Sprinkle
Kathryn Hoyle
(202)
(202)
523-1944
523-1371
523-1913
523-1208
USDL 81-130
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
MARCH 6, 1981
over-the-month
level.
increase, and
FEBRUARY 1981
HOUSEHOLD DATA
The overall employment situation was little changed from January to February, the Bureau
Labor
Statistics
of
the
U. S. Department of Labor reported today.
of
Tho Nation's unemployment
rate was 7.3 percent in February; it had been 7.4 percent in the prior 2 months.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—edged up in
February
employment—as
measured
by
the
monthly
survey
of
establishments—was
unchanged in February at 91.5 million.
Unemployment
The Nation's unemployment rate was 7.3 percent in February, and
workers
was
7.8
million;
both
measures
were
about
unchanged
the
over
number
of
unemployment rates for most major worker groups in February were about the same as
Adult
men
(6.0
percent),
adult
women
(6.5
Likewise,
in
January:
percent), teenagers (19.3 percent), whites (6.6
percent), Hispanics (12.0 percent), and black and other workers (13.1 percent).
for
unemployed
the month.
Jobless
all of these worker groups were substantially above their year-earlier levels.
February
Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and other
Hispanic origin
Full-time workers
Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing industries
Service-producing industries
the
median
(See table A-6.)
which
had
been
from
their
jobs
(job
declining between June and January, was unchanged in February at 3.9
I
I
|
|
|
|
|
I
5.91
4.4|
5.7|
16.2|
5.2|
I
7.5|
6.6|
6.4|
18.4|
6.7|
|
|
|
11.3|
9.0|
5.5|
13.9|
10.8|
7.3|
I
Percent of labor force
I
I
I
7.5|
7.4|
7.4|
6.3|
6.2|
6.0|
6.7|
6.8|
6.7|
18.3|
17.8|
19.0|
6.6|
6.5|
6.7|
14.1|
10.2|
7.3|
I
14.0|
9.8|
7.3|
I
12.9|
11.1|
7.1|
J
I
I
7.3|
6.01
6.5|
19.3|
6.6|
-0.1
0
-0.2
0.3
-0.1
13.1|
12.0|
7.1|
0.2
0.9
0
\
|
I
Thousands of jobs
| 90,557| 90,1311 90,932| 91,125|91,499p|91,550p|
| 26,549| 25,317| 25,780| 25,892|26,042p|25,960p|
| 64,008| 64,814| 65,152| 65,233|65,457p|65,590p|
I
!
I
!
!
!
I
I
|
|
|
!
and
duration of unemployment declined from 7.4 to 6.9 weeks, still well above the level
The number of unemployed persons on layoff or permanently separated
losers),
the
I Quarterly averages
|
Monthly data
|
I
I
I
I
I
I
|
|
|
|
| Jan. I 1979 I
1980
| 1980 |
1981
I Feb.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I change
I
IV | III | IV
| Dec. | Jan. | Feb. |
|
I
Thousands of persons
1103,7411104,9821105,173 1105,067 1105,5431105, 6811
138
| 97,572| 97,0611 97,276| 97,282| 97,696| 97,927|
231
| 6,1691 7,9211 7,897| 7,785| 7,847| 7,754|
-93
| 58,850| 59,493| 59,906| 60,205| 59,9171 59,946|
29
|
766|
9611 1,055|
N.A.|
N.A.|
N.A.|
N.A.
I
!
!
!
!
!
!
I
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
p=preliminary.
of a year ago.
of
(See table A-l.)
I
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
rates
(See tables
A-l, A-2, and A-9.)
The number of persons who had been unemployed for 15 weeks or more dropped in
Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers
to
97.9 million.
Nonfarm payroll
all
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Category
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
virtually
In contrast, employment of adult men and teenagers was below the year-earlier level, by
270,000 and 450,000, respectively.
Advance copies of this release are made available to the press wi.h the
explicit understanding that, prior to 9 a.m. Eastern time: (1) Wire services
will not move over th.jir wires copy based on information in this release,
(2) electronic media will not feed such information to member stations, and
(3) representatives of news organizations will not give such information to
persons outside those organizations.
Adult women accounted for
their February employment total was 835,000 above last February's
51p
-82p
133p
Hours of work
I
35.61
40.1|
3.2|
!
I
35.1|
39. 3|
2.6|
!
I
35.4|
39.91
2.9|
!
I
35.4|
40.11
3.1|
I
35.5p|
40.4p|
3.1p|
!
I
35.2p|
39.8p|
2.9p|
\
-0.3p
-0.6p
-0.2p
!
N.A.=not available.
- 4 -
- 3 The civilian labor force was little changed over the month at 105.7 million.
Over the
year, the labor force has grown by 1.6 million, a slower pace than in recent years.
all-time
high
of
51.9
percent
in
February.
reached
The labor force increase for adult men was
smaller than their population growth over the past 12 months; their participation rate continued
employment
monthly advances.
was
unchanged
February 1980 employment peak.
in
February,
job
gains.
At
91.5
million,
following
The number of payroll jobs was 365,000
above
the
4.5
million,
construction
This
decline
followed
several
jobs were still 140,000 short of last
Manufacturing employment remained unchanged at 20.4 million
in
February.
The
number
of
in
the
factory jobs was still well below pre-recession levels.
rose
by
110,000
in
wholesale
and
retail
trade.
Elsewhere
service-producing sector, there was a small job increase in finance, insurance, and real estate,
while Federal Government employment declined over the month.
Hours of Work
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
fell
0.3
hour
in
February
to 35.2 hours.
hour
during
February
to
39.8
hours,
The sharp reduction in the workweek coupled with
in
the
index
of
private nonfarm payrolls.
aggregate
payrolls
The manufacturing workweek
decreased
Factory
(See table B-2.)
the
stable
employment
level
led
to
a
hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on
The index decreased 0.7
following steady increases since July.
weekly
nonfarm
offsetting gains of the past two months.
overtime declined by 0.2 hour to 2.9 hours in February.
decline
private
Adverse weather conditions in the Midwest and the
Southeast were apparently a major factor in this decline.
0.6
by
one
cent
over
the
Before adjustment for seasonality, average
month
and 58 cents over the year.
hourly
earnings
Average weekly earnings were
(See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and
the
effects
percent
(See table B-5.)
in
February
to
125.7
(1967=100)
of
changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries—was
265.6 (1967=100) in February, 0.5 percent higher than in January.
above
February's level.
Employment
rose
6
(See table B-l.)
Construction employment dropped by 110,000 over the month.
of
at
An employment gain in wholesale and retail trade was offset by a
decrease in the number of construction jobs.
months
a result of the decrease in hours.
payrolls
Average weekly earnings fell 0.7 percent as
The Hourly Earnings Index
Industry Payroll Employment
consecutive
rose 0.1 percent in February (seasonally adjusted).
$245.70, down 35 cents in February, but up $18.95 from a year earlier.
its long-term decline and was 78.7 percent in February.
Nonfarm payroll
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
Most of the
over-the-year increase occurred among adult women, whose labor force participation rate
an
past
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
February
a
year
ago.
The
Index
was
9.5
percent
In dollars of constant purchasing power, the Index decreased 1.7
percent during the 12-month period ended in January. (See table B-4.)
Chart *L Civilian labor fores and employment
(Seasonally adjusted)
19G9
1370
1971
1372
1373
1374
1975
1976
1977
Explanatory Note
1978
1979
19B0
1981
Chart 2. Unemployment rate—all civilian workers
— S M *Mwly odjusttd
-Not Maaonaly adjusted
FCB
7.3
6.0
*' *;"
J
^
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1 1 1 CVj.
1
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rate
and total employment-population ratio
(Seasonally adjusted)
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1979
I960
1981
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey
(establishment survey). The household survey provides
the information on the labor force, total employment,
and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
65,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of
the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on
the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information
is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation
with State agencies. The sample includes approximately
166,000 establishments i employing about 35 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In
the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the
month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of
technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable
variance in results between a survey of a sample and a
census of the entire population. Each of these factors is
explained below.
Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are
selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at
which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or
profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or
more in an enterprise operated by a member of their
family, whether they were paid or not. People are also
counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave
because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor
and management, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of
their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public
assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the survey week; they
were available for work at that time; and they made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are
persons not looking for work because they were laid off
and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number
employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the
civilian labor force. Table A-4 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force.
The definitions are provided in the table. The most
restrictive definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The official unemployment rate
isU-5.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment
survey only counts wage and salary employees whose
names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural
firms. As a result, there are many differences between
the two surveys, among which are the following:
—The household survey, although based on a
smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the
self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers;
—The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed; the establishment survey
does not;
—The household survey is limited to those 16 years
of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited
by age;
—The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once;
in the establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are
described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from
Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing
of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a
large number each June, when schools close and many
young people enter the job market. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a
year, for example, seasonality may account for as much
as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in
unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical
trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from
month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or
increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. To return to the schooFs-out example, the large number of people entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to
determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students
finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is
made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
Measures of civilian labor force, employment, and
unemployment contain components such as age and sex.
Statistics for all employees, production workers,
average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All
these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually
yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted
figure for the civilian labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted employment components and four
seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four
unemployment components; and the official unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of
total unemployment by the estimate of the civilian labor
force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June
period and again for the July-December period. The
January revision is applied to data that have been
published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors {\>r seasonal adjustment
are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks wl ?•;•: u c ufceusjed ai the end
of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the
estimate of the number of people employed and the
other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount
of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard
errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey,
and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than
the standard error from the results of a complete census.
The chances are 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on
the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the
standard error from the results of a complete census. At
the 90-percent level of confidence-the confidence limits
used by BLS in its analyses~the error for the monthly
change in total employment is on the order of plus or
minus 279,000; for total unemployment it is 194,000;
and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19
percentage point. These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather,
that the chances are 90 out of 100 that the "true" level
or rate would not be expected to differ from the
estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced
when the data are cumulated for several months, such
as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule,
the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling
error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate
of the size of the labor force is subject to less
error than is the estimate of the number unemployed.
And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the
jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller
than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless
rate for men is .24 percentage point; for teenagers, it is
1.06 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most
current months are based on incomplete returns; for this
reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. When all the returns in the sample have been
received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data
for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final
form in December. To remove errors that build up over
time; a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes
can be measured. The n?w b-*»nchmrrVs PUQ \r -^porate
changes in the classification of industries and allow for
the formation of new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's
employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide
variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive
statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $2.75
per issue or $22.00 per year from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of
Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey
data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, the standard errors appear
in tables A through I of its "Explanatory Notes."
Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision
due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables L
through Q of that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population by sex and age
(Numbers In thoo»«nd»)
Nc.-on-ryad*-*-
a W - t y - M -
Employment, statua, M , and aaja
Feb.
1980
1981
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Oct.
1980
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
19 8 1
TOTAL
Tool nonimtitutional population'
Armad Forcis 1 . .
Participation rata
Employad .
Aoricultur.
Nonaaricultural mduttrlat
Unamployad
Unamploymant rati
Not in labor foroa
165.298
2,086
163.211
103,257
63.3
96,264
58.2
2.836
93,428
6,993
6.8
59,954
167,585
2,125
165,460
104.671
63.3
96,128
57.4
2.860
93,268
8,543
8.2
60,789
167,747
2,121
165.627
104,808
63.3
96.383
57.5
2.773
93,609
8,425
8.0
60,819
165.298
2.086
163.211
104.271
63.9
97.817
59.2
3.329
94,488
6,454
6.2
58,940
167.005
2.121
164.884
105.167
63.8
97.206
58.2
3.319
93.887
7.961
7.6
59.717
167,201
2,119
165.082
105.285
63.8
97.339
58.2
3.340
93.999
7.946
7.5
59.797
167.396
2.124
165.272
105.067
63.6
97.282
58.1
3.394
93,888
7.785
7.4
60.205
167,585
2,125
165.460
105.543
63.8
97.696
58.3
3,403
94,294
7,847
7.4
59,917
167,747
2,121
165.627
105.681
63.8
97.927
58.4
3.281
94,646
7,754
79.196
1,937
77,259
59.239
76.7
55.319
69.9
3.920
6.6
80.272
1,954
78,318
59,788
76.3
54,815
68.3
4,973
8.3
80,346
1.950
78.396
59.726
76.2
54.764
68.2
4,962
8.3
79,196
1.937
77.259
60.009
77.7
56.631
71.5
3.378
5.6
80,000
1,956
78,044
60,379
77.4
55,881
69.9
4.498
7.4
80.091
1.954
78.137
60.388
77.3
55.897
69.8
4.491
7.4
80.183
1.959
78.224
60.254
77.0
55.920
69.7
4.334
7.2
80,272
1,954
78,318
60,366
77.1
56.012
69.8
4.353
7.2
80,346
1.950
78.396
60.338
77.0
56.045
69.8
4.293
7.1
70.792
1,652
69,140
54.749
79.2
51,658
73.0
2.213
49,445
3,091
5.6
71,980
1,660
70,320
55.322
78.7
51,356
71.3
2,140
49,216
3,966
7.2
72,070
1.657
1.652
71,661
1.674
55.343
78.6
51,392
71.3
2,097
49,296
3.951
7.1
55.017
79.6
52.436
74.1
2.418
50,018
2,581
4.7
69.987
55.495
79.3
51.963
71,768
1.673
70.095
55.539
79.2
52.007
72^5
2.351
49.612
3.532
6.4
72.5
2.372
49,635
3,532
6.4
71,875
1.677
70,198
55,470
79.0
52,045
72.4
2.331
49,714
3,425
6.2
71.980
1,660
70,320
55,443
78.8
52,091
72.4
2,378
49,713
3,352
6.0
72,070
1,657
70,413
55,445
78.7
52.134
72.3
2.289
49,844
3,312
6.0
86.102
150
85.952
44,018
51.2
40.945
47.6
3.073
7.0
87,313
171
87,142
44,883
51.5
41,313
47.3
3,570
8.0
87.402
170
87,231
45,082
51.7
41.619
47.6
3,463
7.7
86,102
150
85,952
44,262
51.5
41.186
47.8
3.076
6.9
87.006
165
86.841
44.788
51.6
41.325
47.5
3.463
7.7
8 7 , 110
165
86,945
44,897
51.6
41,442
47.6
3,455
7.7
87,213
165
87,048
44,813
51.5
41.362
47.4
3.451
7.7
87.313
171
87,142
45,178
51.8
41.684
47.7
3,493
7.7
87,402
170
87,231
45,343
52.0
41,882
47.9
3.461
7.6
77,890
123
77,766
39,991
51.4
37,609
48.3
424
37,185
2,382
6.0
79,212
141
79,071
40,952
51.8
38.075
48.1
467
37.608
2,877
7.0
79,315
140
79,175
41.199
52.0
38,444
77.890
123
77.766
39,871
51.3
37,560
78,860
137
78,723
40,486
51.4
37,754
79,315
140
79,175
41,090
51.9
38,410
568
36.992
2.311
5.8
47.9
576
37,178
2.732
6.7
79,097
137
78,959
40,570
51.4
37.820
47.8
665
37,155
2,750
6.8
79,212
141
79,071
40.942
51.8
38.191
461
37,983
2,755
6.7
78.979
137
78.842
40.629
51.5
37.909
48.0
574
37.335
2,720
6.7
37,570
2,750
6.7
37,794
16,616
311
16,305
8,517
52.2
6,997
42.1
198
6,798
1,520
17.9
16,393
324
16.069
8.396
52.3
6.-697
40.9
253
6,444
1,699
20.2
16.362
323
16.039
8.265
51.5
6.546
40.0
215
6.331
1.719
20.8
16.616
311
16.305
9.383
57.5
16.484
309
16,174
9.186
56.8
7.489
45.4
392
7,097
1.697
18.5
16.454
309
16,145
9 . 117
56.5
7.423
45.1
394
7.029
1.694
18.6
16,424
310
16.114
9.027
56.0
7,417
45.2
398
7,019
1,610
17.8
16,393
324
16,069
9,158
57.0
7,414
45.2
16,362
323
16,039
59.946
Man, layaanandovar
Total nonimtitutional population*
Civilian noninstitutlonal population1
Civilian labor foroa
Participation rata
Employmant-population ratio1
Unamploymant rata
""•a^"d"*
Armad Forces'..
Civilian labor tore.
Participation rata
Employad .
Unamployad
Unamploymant rata
« « — . « » — • — "
Civilian nonimtitutional population1
Civilian labor forca
Participation rata
Employad .
Employmant-population ratio1
Unamployad
Unamploymant rata
WomM.20yMn^oMr
Total nonimtitutional population'
Armad Forow'..
Civilian nonimtitutional population1
Participation rata
Employad .
Agrlcultura
Nonaaricultural Induatrias
Unamploymant rata
6.5
Both earn. 16-19 yaan
Total nonimtitutfonal population1
Civilian nonimtitutional population1
Civilian labor forca
Participation rata
Employad .
Employmant-population ratio1
Unamployad
Unamploymant rata
47.1
343
7.478
1.562
16.6
7,010
19.0
57.0
7,384
45. 1
376
7.008
1 .762
19.3
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not Maaonally adjustad
Feb.
1980
Jan.
1981
Saaaonally adjusted
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Oct.
1980
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
WHITE
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninttitutlonal population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rata
144,570
1,619
142.951
91,029
63.7
85,540
59.2
5,490
6.0
146,284
1,633
144,651
92,203
63.7
85,332
58.3
6,871
7.5
146,403
1,629
144,774
92,366
63^8
85,661
58.5
6 , 7 04
7.3
144,570
1,619
142.951
91.873
64.3
86.869
60.1
5.004
5.4
145,848
1,638
144.211
92.516
64.2
86,371
59.2
6,145
6.6
145,995
1,636
144,359
92,562
64.1
86,409
59.2
6, 153
6.6
146,140
1,640
144,500
92,383
63.9
86,377
59. 1
6,0 06
6.5
146,284
1,633
144,651
92,832
64.2
86,620
59.2
6,213
6.7
Man, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
48,860
79.8
46,403
74.2
2,457
5.0
49,366
79.4
46,097
72.6
3,269
6.6
49.372
79.3
46.149
72.6
3,223
6.5
49,066
80. 1
47.047
75.2
2.019
4*1
49,461
79.8
46,660
73.8
2,801
5.7
49,481
79.8
46,684
73.7
2,797
5.7
49,449
79.6
46,728
73.7
2,721
5.5
49,426
79.4
46,704
73.6
2,722
5.5
Women, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio1 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
34,569
50.9
32,701
48. 1
1,868
5.4
35,360
51.3
33,114
48.0
2,246
6.4
35,566
51.5
33,488
48.5
2,078
5.8
34,445
50.7
32.645
48.0
1.800
5.2
34,883
50.8
32,845
47.8
2,038
5.8
34,972
50.9
32,944
47.9
2,028
5.8
34,910
50.7
32,858
47.7
2,052
5.9
35,313
51.2
3 3 , 180
48. 1
2,133
6.0
Both aexea, 16-19 yean
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
7,600
55.2
6,435
46.0
1,165
15.3
16.2
14.4
7,478
55.3
6,121
44.5
1,356
18.1
20.1
16.0
7,428
55.1
6,024
43.9
1,404
18-9
21.0
16.6
8,362
60.8
7.177
51.3
1,185
14.2
13.8
14.6
8,172
60.0
6,866
49.6
1,306
16.0
17.3
14.5
8, 109
59.7
6,781
49.1
1,328
16.4
17.7
14.9
8,024
59.2
6,791
49.2
1,233
15.4
16.4
14.2
8,093
59.9
6,735
48.9
1,358
16.8
17.9
15.5
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces!
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 . . . .
Unemployed.
Unemployment rate
20,727
467
20,261
12,228
60.4
10,725
51.7
1,50 3
12.3
21,301
492
20,809
12,467
59.9
10,796
50.7
1,672
13.4
21,344
491
20.853
12,442
59.7
10,722
50.2
1,721
13.8
20,727
467
20,261
12,395
61.2
10,945
5 2.8
1,450
11.7
21,157
483
20,673
12.686
61.4
10.884
51.4
1,802
14.2
21,206
483
20,723
12,706
61.3
10,922
51.5
1;784
14,0
21,255
484
20,771
12,668
61.0
10,895
51.3
1,773
14.0
21,301
492
20,809
12,684
61.0
11,051
51.9
1,634
12.9
Men, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5,889
74.8
5,255
63.8
634
10.8
5,956
73.5
5,260
62.0
697
11.7
5,971
73-5
5,243
61.7
728
12.2
5,932
75.3
5,367
65.2
565
9.5
6.03 0
75.0
5,300
63.0
730
12.1
6,042
74.9
5,315
63.0
727
12.0
6,015
74.4
5,315
62.8
700
11.6
5,996
73.9
5,367
63.3
628
10.5
Women, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rata
5,421
55.1
4,908
49.7
513
9.5
5,593
55.1
4,961
48.7
632
11.3
5,633
55.4
4,956
48.6
677
12.0
5,433
55.2
4,928
49.9
505
9.3
5,648
56.1
4,953
49.0
695
12.3
5,652
56.0
4,965
49.0
687
12.2
5,654
55.9
4,956
48.8
698
12.3
5.638
55.6
5,016
49.3
621
11.0
917
36.1
562
21.4
355
38.8
39.0
38.5
919
36.0
575
21. a
3 43
37.4
42.4
31.4
83 8
32.8
522
19.8
315
37.6
40.8
33.8
1,030
40.5
650
24.8
380
36.9
34.2
39.6
1,008
39.4
631
24.0
377
37.4
38w2
36.4
1,012
39.5
642
24.4
370
36.6
35.9
37.4
999
39.0
624
23.7
375
37.5
38.8
36.1
1,051
41.2
667
25.3
384
36.5
39.2
33.3
BLACK AND OTHER
Both saxaa, 16-19 yean
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjustad for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjustad columns.
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including Armed
Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Feb.
Feb.
Feb.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Jan.
Feb.
1980
1981
1980
1980
1980
1980
1981
198 1
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over
96.264
96,383
97,817
97,339
97,282
Married men, spouse present
97,696
97.927
38,410
37,732
38,827
38,142
38.167
38,231
Married women, spouse present
38,182
3 8 , 1 13
23,271
23,496
23,150
22,993
23,065
23,063
23,352
23,356
4,645
4,847
4,650
4,701
4,707
4,716
4,787
4,852
Women who maintain families
97,206
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
50,525
51,781
50,447
51,101
51,148
51,065
51,594
Professional and technical
15,753
16,161
51,698
15,423
15,780
15,863
15,810
15,965
Managers and administrators, except farm
10,850
11,385
15,813
10,953
10.-979
11,016
11,009
11,363
6,055
6,146
6,179
6,277
6,155
6,175
6,265
Clerical workers
6,271
17,866
18,089
17,892
18,065
18,114
18.071
18,001
Blue-collar workers
18,125
30,527
29,377
31,669
30,521
30,550
30,373
30,338
30,446
Sales workers
11,488
Craft and kindred workers
12,346
12,027
12,722
12,485
12,424
12,337
12,306
Operatives, except transport
12,386
10,426
10,
10,648
10,210
10,247
10,194
10,331
10,390
3,557
3,443
3,429
3,402
3,322
3,361
Transport equipment operatives
3,507
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
172
3,314
4,248
3,865
4,742
4,383
4,450
4,440
4,380
4,309
12,866
12,943
13,005
12,891
12,888
12,982
12,946
13,070
2,347
2,282
2,745
2,735
2,729
2,804
2,737
2,662
M A J O R I N D U S T R Y A N D CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers .
1,158
1,098
1,411
1.363
1,417
1,411
Self-employed workers. .
1,465
1,498
1,336
1,475
1,636
1,640
1.612
1,655
Unpaid family workers. .
1,615
180
200
1,610
293
325
324
305
284
3 25
86,587
86,643
86,513
87,125
87,236
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers.
86,267
86,384
87,192
Government
15,773
15,823
15,539
15,597
15,651
15,653
15,738
Private industries. . . .
70,495
70,561
15,589
71,653
70,990
70,992
70,860
71,387
1,121
71,647
1,117
1.181
1 , 144
1,148
1,110
1, 197
1,176
Private households.
Other industries . .
69,374
69,444
70,472
69,846
69,844
69,750
70,190
Self-employed workers. .
70,471
6,796
6,888
6,841
7,005
6,943
6,973
Unpaid family workers. .
6,839
364
6 , 9 23
338
400
417
405
396
422
371
PERSONS A T W O R K 1
Nonagricultural industries
89,159
89,769
88,830
Full-time schedules
72,525
72,580
72 , 93 7
3,292
3,936
Part time for economic reasons . . .
88,488
88,694
88,468
89,499
89,441
72,071
72.265
72,131
72,807
72,945
3,454
4,220
4.176
4,218
4,474
4,145
Usually work full time
1,430
1,635
1,415
1,685
1,620
1,647
1,698
Usually work part time
1,862
1,622
2,301
2,03 9
2,535
2,556
2,571
2,776
13,342
2,523
13,253
12,439
12,197
12,253
12,119
12,218
12,351
Part time for noneconomic reasons.
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at w o r k " during the survey period for such reasons as
vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.
Table A-4. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measures
1979
'
1 9 8 0
IV
I
I I
1. 3
1.6
U-1
Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force
1.2
U-2
Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
2.7
U-3
Unemployed persons 2 5 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force 25 years and over
4.0
2.9
U-4
Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor force
3.9
4.3
5.2
5.8
7.0
6.2
7.3
7.9
9.2
8.8
10.1
5.5
5.9
U-6
1980
I I I
IV
Dec.
2.0
2*2
2.3
4. 1
4.0
4.0
5.5
5.4
1981
Jan.
2.2
Feb.
2.1
3.7
3.6
7.3
7.5
7.3
7.5
5.3
7.3
5.3
7.1
7.4
7.4
5.1
7.1
7.3
Total full-time jobseekers plus V4 part-time jobseekers plus Vi total on part time for economic
9.5
7.5
U-7
Monthly data
9.6
9. 4
9.6
9.6
Total full-time jobseekers plus Vi part-time jobseekers plus Vi total on part time for
economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less % of the part-time labor force
8.2
N.A.« not available.
N.A.
10.5
N.A.
10.5
N.A.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Major unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
nemployed per
(In thousands)
Unemployment rates
Category
Feb.
1980
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Oct.
1980
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
19 8 1
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
6,454
2,581
2,311
1,562
7,754
3,312
2,680
1,762
6.2
4.7
5.8
16.6
7.6
6.4
6.7
18.5
7.5
6.4
6.7
18.6
7.4
6*2
6.8
17.8
7.4
6.0
6.7
19.0
7.3
6.0
6.5
19.3
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
1,286
1,334
431
1,624
1,446
518
3.2
5.4
8.5
4.6
6.0
10.2
4.4
5.9
9.9
4.3
5.8
10.4
4.2
6.2
10.5
4.1
5.8
9.6
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost1
5,114
1,370
6,396
1,405
5.8
8.8
6.6
7.3
9.1
8.4
7.4
8.6
8.3
7-3
8.2
8.2
7.1
9.2
8.2
7.1
9.1
8.1
1,782
365
252
2 80
885
2,717
682
1,094
261
680
985
112
1,984
419
287
259
1,019
3,426
963
1,402
304
757
1,241
132
3.4
2.3
2.2
4.3
4.7
7.9
5.1
9.3
6.8
12.5
7.0
3.9
3.9
2.6
2.5
4.6
5.6
10.8
7.1
13.2
10.6
15.3
8.3
4.4
3.9
2.5
2.4
4.8
5.6
10.7
7. 1
13.0
10.6
15.0
8.3
4.0
4.0
2.6
2.5
4*7
5.8
10.5
7.1
12.9
8.8
14.8
7.8
4.0
3.9
2.8
2.4
4.4
5.7
10.2
6.8
12.1
9. 1
15.0
8.0
5.0
3.7
2.6
2.4
4.0
5.3
10.1
7.2
11.9
8.3
14.9
8.7
4.7
4,718
568
1,539
917
622
246
1,244
1,078
644
148
5,826
666
1,911
1,159
752
311
1,449
1,432
693
184
6.2
10.9
6.7
6.5
6.9
4.5
6.6
4.7
4.0
9.5
7.8
14.6
9.2
9.5
8.9
5.3
7.8
5.6
4.4
11. 1
7. 8
14.8
8.9
9.0
'8.6
4.9
8.2
5.5
4.2
10. 1
7.7
13.8
8.8
9.0
8.5
4.9
8.3
5.5
4.1
10.6
7.5
13.3
8.4
8.3
8.5
5.8
7.6
5.-8
4.4
11.5
7.5
13.2
8.4
8.5
8.2
5.5
7.6
6.0
4.3
12.1
OCCUPATION 3
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY 1
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers3 .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
1
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by
industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
* Includes mining, not shown separately.
Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)
Weeks of unemployment
Feb.
1980
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Oct.
1980
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
2,878
2,653
1,462
946
516
3,014
2,880
2,531
1,246
1,285
3,049
2,134
1,299
794
505
3,186
2,500
2,292
1,256
1,036
3,108
2,524
2.329
1,213
1,116
3,115
2,217
2,378
1,231
1,147
3,259
2,264
2,358
1.079
1,279
3 . 2 03
2 . 3 24
2,250
9 92
1,2 57
10.7
6.7
14.4
8.2
10.7
5.7
13.3
7.5
13.6
7.7
13.5
7.3
14.4
7.4
14.4
6.9
100.0
41.2
37.9
20.9
13.5
7.4
100.0
35.8
34.2
30.0
14.8
15.3
100.0
47.0
32.9
20.0
12.2
7.8
100.0
39.9
31.3
28.7
15.7
13.0
100.0
39.0
31.7
29.3
15.2
14.0
100.0
40.4
28.8
30.8
16.0
14.9
100.0
41.3
28.7
29.9
13.7
16.2
100.0
41.2
29.9
28.9
12.8
16.2
DURATION
Lest than 5 weeks
6 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
16 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, In weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
16 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjunct!
Feb.
1980
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Oct.
1980
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
3,643
1,530
2,113
4,749
1,767
2,982
4,240
1,692
2,548
4,229
1,453
2,776
805
1,814
730
854
1,986
836
2,979
1,087
1,892
831
1,797
825
870
2,013
880
897
1,896
890
4,226
1,470
2,756
813
1,869
868
3,847
1,258
2,590
907
2,039
1,000
3,896
1 , 2 67
2,629
8 84
1 , 9 70
9 28
100.0
52.1
21.9
30.2
11.5
25.9
10.4
100.0
56.4
21.0
35.4
10.1
23.6
9.9
100.0
46.3
16.9
29.4
12.9
27.9
12.8
100.0
53.0
21.1
31.8
10.9
25.2
11.0
100.0
53.5
18.4
35.1
11.3
24.0
11.2
100.0
54.3
18.9
35.4
10.5
24.0
11.2
100.0
49.4
16. 1
33.2
11.6
26.2
12.8
100.0
50.7
16.5
34.2
11 . 5
25.7
12.1
3.5
.8
1.8
.7
1.9
.8
2.9
.8
1.7
4.0
.8
1.9
.8
4.0
.9
1.8
4.0
.8
1.8
3.6
.9
1.9
.9
1.9
.9
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Lost last job
On layoff
Other job losers
Ltft last job
Reentered labor force
Seeking first job
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
Table A-8. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
(In
Sex and age
Feb.
1980
Total, 16 years and over . .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years. . .
18 to 19 years. . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 yean
55 years and over . .
6,454
3,082
1,562
722
844
1,520
3,374
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
6.2
12.5
1,762
16.6
7.6
14.6
18.5
7.5
14.5
18.6
18.8
20.9
21.4
16.5
796
967
2,955
422
3,647
528
Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years. . .
16 to 17 years.
18 to 19 years.
20 to 24 years. . .
26 years and over . .
25 to 54 years. . .
65 years and over
3,378
1,656
797
4,293
2,033
981
383
419
859
1,736
1,481
253
1.052
2,283
1,977
303
Women, 16 years and ov
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years. . .
16 to 17 years.
18 to 19 years.
20 to 24 years. . .
25 years and over . .
25 to 54 years. . .
3,076
1,426
1,638
1.474
169
Nov.
1980
7,754
3,593
15.2
9.9
4.2
4.6
765
339
425
661
Oct.
1980
1,831
4,171
449
534
3,461
1,560
781
347
433
779
1,887
1.670
225
16.7
12.3
5.4
12.1
5.4
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
7.4
14.0
17.8
19.9
16.4
11.7
5.3
5.8
3.5
7.4
14.5
19.0
21.0
17.5
11.9
5.3
5.7
3.5
7.3
14.6
19.3
21.4
17.9
11 . 8
5.1
5.5
3.6
7.2
14.9
17.8
12.5
7.2
15.6
20.3
23.0
18.5
12.8
4.9
5.4
3.3
4.9
5.2
3.4
7.1
15.4
20.1
22.1
18.7
12.7
4.8
5.2
3.4
2.8
5.9
3.4
5*9
3.3
5.6
12.5
16.0
18.2
14.5
10.3
3.7
3.9
2.8
7.4
16.0
19.8
21.8
18.1
13.8
5.1
5.6
3.3
7.4
15.6
19.8
22.3
17.8
13.2
5.1
5.6
3.3
6.9
7.7
13.0
17.0
19.8
15.1
10.6
7.7
13.2
7.7
13.0
7.7
13.3
17.2
20.3
15.1
10.8
5.8
6.2
3.4
16.5
19.3
14.8
10.8
17.5
18.7
16.4
10.8
5.8
12.5
17.4
19.4
16.1
9.4
5.0
5.4
2.9
5.9
6.4
3,4
Feb.
1981
19.0
20.5
5.9
6.3
3.9
6;3
3.6
7.6
13.6
18.4
20.5
17*0
10.8
5.6
5.9
3.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Employment status of the black and Hispanic-origin population
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status
Feb.
1980
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Oct.
1980
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
17,271
10,336
17,667
10,506
59.9
8,984
17,271
10,485
60.7
9,177
1,308
12.5
6,786
17,545
10,701
61.0
17,579
10,716
61.0
17,610
10,693
60.7
17,636
10,725
59.5
9,070
9, 09 7
9,072
60.8
9,234
1,631
15.2
6,844
• 1,619
15.1
6,863
1,621
15.2
6,917
1,491
13.9
6,91 1
17,667
10,646
60.3
9,129
1 ,516
14.2
7,021
8,175
8,759
5,589
63.8
4,992
597
8,824
5,696
64.6
8,764
5,668
64.7
8,843
5,817
8,835
5,82 7
65.8
66.0
5 , 116
580
10.2
3 , 128
5,114
554
9.8
5.170
648
11. 1
3,026
5,128
BLACK1
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
8,936
1,570
1,352
13.1
14.9
6,935
7,162
8,175
5,177
63.3
8,835
5,699
64.5
4.990
709
HISPANIC ORIGIN1
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
4,675
5 03
9.7
2,998
12.4
3,136
5,306
64.9
4,814
492
9.3
2,869
10.7
3,170
3,096
699
12.0
3 ,008
1
Data on persons of Hispanic ethnicity are collected independently of racial data. In tha 1970
census, approximately 90 percent of their population was white.
1
Data relate to black workers only. In the 1970 census, they constituted about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.
Table A-10. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Civilian
tutional
population
Veteran status
Total
Percent
of
labor
foroe
Employed
Number
Feb.
1980
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Feb.
1981
8,154
7,219
1,804
3,609
1,806
935
8,468
7,325
1,571
3 , 4 50
2,304
1,143
7,727
6,939
1.716
3,489
1,73 4
788
7,994
7,006
1,454
3,328
2,224
988
7,310
6,546
1,554
3,339
1.653
764
7,482
6,527
1,292
3,114
2,121
955
417
393
162
150
81
24
15,148
6,932
4,416
3,800
16,018
7,289
4,989
3,740
14,371
6,547
4,211
3,613
15,145
6,845
4,743
3,557
13.568
6,125
3,998
3,445
14,044
6,264
4,420
3,360
8 03
422
213
168
Feb.
1980
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Feb.
1981
512
479
162
214
103
33
5.4
5.7
9.4
4.3
4.7
3.0
6.4
6.8*
11.1
6.4
4.6
3.3
1,101
581
323
197
5.6
6.4
5.1
4.6
7.3
8.5
6.8
5.5
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
NOTE: Vietnam-era veterans are males who served In the Armed Forces between August 5, 1964
and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are males who hava never served In the Armed Forces; published data are
limited to those 25 to 39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the
Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for 20-to-24-yaar-old veterans are no longer $hown on the table,
because the group Is rapidly disappearing (into the 25-29 age category) and the numbers remaining are
not large enough to warrant their continued publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population for the ten largest States
[Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
State and employment status
Feb.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
Oct.
1980
NOV.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
15,979
11,042
10,297
745
6.8
17,290
11,314
10,421
893
7.9
17,314
11,292
10,384
908
8.0
16,979
11,097
10,401
696
6.3
17,208
11,246
10,441
805
7.2
17,236
11,312
10,497
815
7.2
17,264
11,204
10,47 0
734
6.6
17,290
11,346
10,493
853
7.5
17,314
11,352
10,493
859
7.6
6,886
3,836
3,636
200
5.2
7,077
3,883
3,636
247
6.4
7,093
4,015
3,763
252
6.3
6,886
3 t . 857
3,642
215
5.6
7,026
3,933
3,681
252
6.4
7,044
4,023
3,799
224
5.6
7,061
4,038
3,819
219
5.4
7,077
3,938
3,698
240
6.1
7,093
4,035
3,766
269
6.7
8,295
5,382
14,977
105
7.5
8,353
5,428
4,889
539
9.9
8,357
5,396
4,921
475
8,295
5,437
5,057
380
7.0
8,340
5,471
4,964
507
9.3
8,345
5,491
5,001
490
8.9
8,349
5,481
4,969
512
9.3
8,353
5,441
4,954
487
9.0
8,357
5,453
5,002
451
8.3
4,396
2,822
2,659
163
5.8
4,437
2,911
2,724
188
6.4
4,439
2,947
2,759
188
6.4
4,396
2,843
2,698
145
5.1
4,427
2,988
2,792
196
6.6
4,430
2,964
2,811
153
5.2
4,434
2,968
2,822
146
4.9
4,437
2,917
2,764
153
5.2
4,439
2,968
2,797
171
5.8
6,768
4,293
3,800
493
11.5
6,843
4,267
3,682
585
13.7
6,848
4,251
3,647
604
14.2
6,768
4,299
3,836
463
10.8
6,824
4,303
3,718
585
13.6
6,830
4,296
3,718
578
13.5
6,837
4,293
3,726
567
13.2
6,843
4,293
3,736
557
13.0
6,848
4,259
3,685
574
13.5
5,541
3,562
3,326
236
6. 6
5,592
3,573
3,289
284
8.0
5,595
3,525
3,254
270
7.7
5,541
3,572
3 , 363
209
5-9
5,579
3,569
3,310
259
7.3
5,584
3,554
3,284
270
7.6
5,588
3,560
3,276
284
8.0
5,592
3,583
3,316
267
7.5
5,595
3,531
3,288
243
6.9
13,300
8,115
7,455
660
8. 1
13,332
8,001
7,334
667
8.3
13,332
8,073
7,408
665
8.2
13,300
8,152
7,539
613
7.5
13,326
7,995
7,395
600
7.5
13,328
7,972
7,379
593
7.4
13,330
7,920
7,335
585
7.4
13,332
8,002
7,395
607
7.6
13,332
8,110
7,492
618
7.6
7,954
4,986
4,627
359
7.2
8,015
4,970
4,453
517
10.4
8,019
4,941
4,445
496
10.0
7,954
,5,074
4,739
335
6.6
8,000
5,138
4,682
456
8.9
8,006
5,067
4,578
489
9.7
8,010
5,018
4,542
47 6
9.5
8,015
5,048
4,558
490
9.7
8,019
5,031
4,558
473
9.4
8,929
5,348
4,937
410
7.7
8,982
5,366
4,876
490
9.1
8,985
5,324
4,867
456
8.6
8,929
5.393
5,014
379
7.0
8,970
5,423
5,003
420
7.7
8,974
5,401
4,973
428
7.9
8,978
5,343
4,913
430
8.0
8,982
5,402
4,933
469
8.7
8,985
5,370
4,942
428
8.0
9,655
6,319
5,983
335
5.3
9,858
6,566
6,197
370
5.6
9,874
6,562
6,252
310
4.7
9,655
6,368
6,052
316
5.0
9,804
6,468
6,141
327
5.1
9,822
6,481
6,119
362
5.6
9,840
6,457
6,114
343
5.3
9,858
6,577
6,237
340
5.2
9,874
6,612
6,3 20
292
4.4
California
Civilian n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l population '
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
Florida
Civilian n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n '
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
Illinois
Civilian n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n '
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
Massachusetts
Civilian n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l population '
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
Michigan
L i l i a n n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l populatio
Civilia/i labor force
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
New Jersey
lan n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l p o p u l a t i o n '
ivilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
New York
ian n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l population '
ivilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
Ohio
ilian n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l populatio
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
Pennsylvania
ian n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l population '
ivilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate
Texas
ian n o n i n s t i t u t i o n a l population '
ivilian labor f o i c e
Employed
Unemployed
U n e m p l o y m e n t rate .
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.
*
These are the official
Bureau of
Federal fund allocation programs.
Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration of
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb.
1980
TOTAL
1,064
MANUFACTURING
workers
DURABLE GOODS
Production
workers
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Production
workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
Feb.
1981
Feb.
1980
4 , 109
1,067
Oct.
1980
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan. ,
1981
90,710
91 ,499
25,183
26,623
25,636
26,042
1,068
1,007
1,037
90,147
25,811
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
Jan.
1981
89,781
GOOD&PRODUCING
Production
Dec.
1980
1,054
1,072
1,084
4,608
4,078
3,969
4,659
4,442
4,475
20,730
14,678
20,316
14,199
20,158
14,053
20,146
14,065
20,957
14,871
20,157
14,065
20,282
14,179
20,312
14,195
20,350
14,226
12,599
8,869
12,186
8,413
12,112
8,341
12,085
8,329
12,715
8,967
12,043
8,288
12,146
8,381
12,160
8,386
12,192
8,409
718.9
494.6
674.7
1,205.1
1,699.4
2,536.5
2, 157.7
1,983.1
700.5
428.8
679.8
475.8
654.3
1,124
1,614
2,492
2,143
1,888
702
410,
667.7
474.2
636.2
1,127.0
1,598.5
2,491.4
2,143.4
1,870.2
701.3
402.2
667.9
473.8
632.0
1,127.3
1,598.2
2,497.2
2,143.5
1,842.1
698.5
404.3
745
495
705
1,214
1,711
2,529
2,168
2,006
702
440
677
466
656
1,096
1,595
2,469
2,107
1,873
697
407
683
469
661
1,119
1,606
2,475
2,120
1,901
701
411
688
472
660
1,133
1,608
2,480
2,135
1,868
701
415
693
474
662
1,135
1,608
2,484
2,150
1,865
703
418
8,131
5,809
8,130
5,786
8,046
5,712
8,061
5,736
8,242
5,904
8,114
5,777
8,136
5,798
8,152
5,809
8,158
5,817
1,644.1
67.1
884.6
1,305.8
701.9
1,270.4
1, 1 1 2 . 1
155.9
746.3
242.6
1,667.2
74.7
858.3
1,281.7
691.7
1,291.6
1,107.6
207.8
710.3
238.8
1,624.0
71.9
853.2
1,266.9
687.5
1,282.6
1,106.5
207.8
708.5
236.7
1,615.7
69.8
856.9
1,282.7
687.5
1,289.0
1,108.4
203.1
709.
238.
1,713
68
888
1,313
709
1,273
1,121
161
751
245
1,682
69
856
1,292
690
1,272
1, 105
209
699
240
1,686
71
856
1,291
692
1,278
1,108
209
705
240
1,684
70
857
1,291
693
1,284
1,112
210
711
240
1,679
70
858
1,290
694
1,285
1,115
213
713
241
63,955
66,035
64,795
64,964
65,233
65,457
5,130
5,163
5,081
5,080
5,198
5,147
5,132
5,137
5,148
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
20,155
21,313
2*0,57 5
20,403
20,637
20,641
20,660
20,638
20,782
WHOLESALE TRADE
5,250
14,905
5,318
15,995
5,273
15,302
5,280
15,123
5,302
15,335
5,292
15,349
5,297
15,363
5,302
15,336
5,310
15,472
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
p-preliminary.
5,061
5,229
5,223
5,233
5,101
5,214
5,225
5,245
5,265
17,317
17,978
17,790
17,928
17,540
17,913
.7,969
18,068
18,135
16,292
16,352
16,126
16,320
16,087
16,159
6,164
16,145
16,127
2,803
13,489
2,782
13,570
2,758
13,368
2,734
13,586
2,826
13,261
2,788
13,371
2,790
13,374
2,789
13,356
2,786
13,341
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
T a b l e B - 2 . A v e r a g e w e e k l y hours of production or nonsupervisory w o r k e r s
on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Feb.
1980
TOTAL PRIVATE
MINING
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981 P
Feb.
1981 P
Feb.
1980
35.1
35.6
35.0
34.9
35.5
43.2
44.1
43.7
42.8
(2)
Oct.
1980
3 5.3
(2)
Nov.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981 P
Feb.
1981
35.4
35.4
35.5
35.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
CONSTRUCTION
35.7
37.1
36.3
34.6
37.1
37.0
37.2
37.1
38.4
35.9
MANUFACTURING
39.8
2.9
40.8
3.3
39.9
2.9
39.5
2.8
40. 1
3.0
39.7
2.8
39.9
2.9
40. 1
3.1
40.4
3. 1
39.8
2.9
40.3
3.0
41.5
3.4
40.4
2.9
39.9
2.8
40.6
3.1
40.1
2.8
40.5
3.0
40.6
3.2
40.9
3.1
40.2
2.9
38.5
38.4
40.1
40.7
40.4
41.5
40.2
40.4
40.8
38.6
39.6
39.6
41.6
41.6
41.6
42.2
41.0
43.1
41.2
39.5
38.7
38.0
40.3
41.2
40.4
41.2
40.1
41.2
40.5
38.6
37.8
38.1
39.8
40.6
40.0
40.9
39.5
40.2
40.0
38.7
39.1
39.0
41.2
40.8
40.8
41.5
40.3
40.8
40.9
39.1
38.7
38.0
40.9
40.1
40.4
40.7
39.9
40.8
40.2
38.7
39.3
38.0
41.1
40.9
40.6
41.0
40.0
41.4
40.5
38.6
39.4
38.6
41.3
41.4
40.6
41.0
40.2
41.3
40.5
39.0
40.0
38.8
41.5
41.3
40.7
41.3
40.4
42.2
40.9
39.0
38.3
38.7
40.8
40.7
40.4
40.9
39.6
40.6
40.1
39.1
38.9
2.8
39.8
3.1
39. 1
2.9
38.8
2.8
39.4
2.9
39.0
2.8
39.0
2.9
39.3
3.0
39.6
3.1
39.3
3.0
39.1
36.9
40.8
35.4
42.4
37.0
41.6
39.7
39.9
36.8
40.3
38.1
40.8
35.9
43.7
38.1
42.1
43.3
41.6
36.9
40.0
38.4
39.8
35.1
43.0
37.1
41.3
42.6
41. 1
36.5
39.4
38.3
39.7
35.0
42.6
37.0
41.4
42.4
40.3
36.9
39.7
37.9
41. 1
35.9
42.9
37.4
41.9
40.7
40.0
37.2
39.6
39.5
39.9
35.3
42.2
37.1
41.4
43.1
40.4
36.5
39.8
38.9
40.0
35.0
42.6
36.8
41.7
43.2
40.8
36.2
39.8
37.2
40.3
35.6
43.0
37.4
41.7
43.2
40.9
36.6
40.3
39.6
40.4
35.9
43.3
37.7
41.6
43.4
41.5
37.0
40.0
39.3
40.0
35.5
43.1
37.4
41.6
43.4
40.3
37.3
TRANSPORTATION A N D PUBLIC
UTILITIES
39.4
40.0
39.2
39.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
WHOLESALE A N D RETAIL T R A D E
31.9
32.4
31.6
31.7
32.4
32.2
32.2
32.1
32.2
32.2
WHOLESALE T R A D E
RETAIL TRADE
38.4
29.8
38.9
30.5
38.5
29.5
38.2
29.6
38.8
30.4
38.5
30.2
38.6
30.2
38.7
30.0
38.8
30.2
38.6
30.2
FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D
REAL ESTATE
36.3
36.3
36.2
36.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
. .0
(2)
SERVICES
32.5
32.6
32.4
32.4
32.7
32.6
32.7
32.6
32.6
32.6
DURABLE GOODS
Electric and electronic equipment
NONDURABLE GOODS
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers In construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on
private nonagricultural payrolls.
p
2
This series is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be
separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings
TOTAL PRIVATE
Average weekly earnings
Feb.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
Feb.
1981
$6.46
6.45
$6.94
6.95
$7.03
7.02
$7.04
7.03
$226.75
228.98
384.48
Feb.
1980
Dec.
1980
Jan.
1981
J247.06 $246.05
246.03 249.21
Seasonally adjusted
8.90
9.58
9.78
9.84
9.61
10.35
10.42
10.34
343.08
7.00
7.69
7.72
7.72
278.60
7.46
8.24
8.24
8.25
300.64
341.96
332.90
.33
.32
.14
.44
. 14
.69
.71
8.86
6.59
5.30
6.77
5.69
7.83
10.35
7.86
8.57
7.39
10.1 1
7.14
5. 72
6.82
5.72
7.86
10.35
7.86
8.59
7.42
9.96
7.20
5.81
6.85
5.77
7.86
10.44
7.90
8.61
7.39
9.89
7.22
5.81
243.71
204.29
286.31
384.21
288.46
319.14
269.74
357.94
268.87
204.58
268.09
225.32
325.73
430.56
326.98
361 .65
302.99
435.74
294.17
225.94
263.93
217.36
316.76
426.42
317.54
353.91
297.54
410.35
291.60
224.27
6.27
6.86
6.94
6.94
243.90
273.03
271 .35
6.64
7.36
4.90
4.45
7.52
7.29
8.01
9.37
6.25
4.47
7. 13
8.00
5.33
4.81
8.28
7.88
8.68
10.37
6.89
4.73
7.21
8.44
5.34
4.89
8.27
7.91
8.71
11.02
6.95
4.85
7.22
8.35
5.33
4.89
8.28
7.94
8.75
11.18
6.96
4.86
259.62
271.58
199.92
157.53
318.85
269. 73
333.22
371.99
249.38
164.50
287.34
304.80
217.46
172.68
361.84
300.23
365.43
449.02
286.62
174.54
288.40
324.10
212.53
171.64
355.61
293.46
359.72
469.45
285.65
177.03
TRANSPORTATION A N D PUBLIC UTILITIES
8.58
9.31
9.34
9.38
338.05
372.40
366.13
WHOLESALE A N D RETAIL TRADE
5.36
5.61
5.79
5.81
170.98
181.76
182.96
WHOLESALE TRADE
6.77
4.78
7.24
4.99
7.31
5.17
7.35
5.18
259.97
142.44
281 .64
152.20
281.44
152.52
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
313.75
MANUFACTURING
D U R A B L E GOODS
Lumber and w o o d products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic e q u i p m e n t
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
F o o d and k i n d r e d products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other t e x t i l e products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products.
RETAIL TRADE
5.60
6.00
6.12
6.21
203.28
217.80
221.54
5.70
6.12
6.21
6.28
185.25
199.51
201.20
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
See f o o t n o t e 1 , table B-2.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Hourly earnings index for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division, seasonally adjusted
(1967=tOO)
FEB.
1980
SEPT.
1980
OCT.
1980
NOV.
1980
DEC.
1980
JAN. P
1981
FEB. P
1981
242.4
102.2
255.4
101.5
257.9
101.4
260.9
101.5
261.9
100.8
264.2
100.9
265.6
N.A.
9.5
(2)
0.5
(3)
278.5
229.8
247.8
262.4
235.2
221.1
239.7
290.
239.
264.
274.
246.
233.1
251.7
294.4
241.6
266.6
280.2
247.7
234.8
254.2
243
268
283
250
239
258
302.3
245.3
270.4
284.1
250.9
238.0
259.4
306
247
272
285
254
240
261
307.5
246.2
273.3
287.1
255.4
244.0
264.2
10.4
7.1
10.3
9.4
8.6
10.4
10.2
.3
-.6
FEB. 1980F E B . 1981
JAN. 1981F E B . 1981
TOTAL PRIVATE NONFARM:
Current dollars
Constant (1967) dollars .
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES .
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
C SEE FOOTNOTE 1, TABLE B-2.
J PERCENT CHANGE WAS -1.7 FROM JANUARY 1980 TO JANUARY 1981, THE LATEST MONTH
VAILABLE.
* PERCENT CHANGE WAS .1 FROM DECEMBER 1980 TO JANUARY 1981, THE LATEST MONTH AV AILABLE.
N.A. = not available.
p=preliminary.
NOTE: All series are in current dollars except where indicated. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime
premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries.
Table B-5.
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
[1967-100]
1980
Industry division and group
May
Sept.
TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
102.8
101.8
99.8
96. 1
93.8
92.5
94.2
95.2
96.1
98.0
99.0
97.8
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment . ..
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industry
05.8
08.9
08.9
09.6
92.4
04.9
17.5
09.8
93.8
L29.1
98.2
105
106.5
106.9
08.0
10
91
104
116
109.4
93.0
128.7
96.9
101.6
95.3
106.1
103.5
89.9
102. 1
116.1
108.1
85.0
128.4
95.8
96.6
90.4
99.0
99.4
82.4
95.3
114.1
103.8
79.1
126.0
91.6
94.0
89.6
94.6
96.7
77.4
92.5
110.8
100.1
79.6
125. 1
88.5
92.4
91.5
91.0
95.1
73.4
89.9
108.8
98.5
79.8
123.8
89.0
94.1
95.3
94.8
96.5
75.4
92.3
108.6
99.8
82.4
124.1
88.5
95.5
96.8
98.4
99.3
77.7
94.5
110.1
100.5
82.5
123.8
88.9
96.6
97.0
99.0
99.5
80.5
95.1
110.2
102.1
84.7
124.2
87.6
98.5
99.4
99,
101.
84.
96.
111.
103.
88.
125.
88.2
98
100
101
101
86
96
110.8
104.8
85.7
126.0
90.3
99.9
102.6
102.7
101.8
86.6
96.8
112.1
106.2
87.4
127.5
91.2
98.2
97.7
102.7
100.3
85.6
96.4
111.3
104.2
84.6
124.7
90.6
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . ..
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
98.4
96.2
70.5
91.6
97.3
94.6
70.2
91,
89.
101.
105.
108.
71.
141.
65.
97.2
94.4
72.4
89.4
89.
100.
104.
107.
91.
139.
66.
95.4
95.1
73.8
86.4
87.2
96.7
103.6
106.0
113.8
128.5
63.6
93.5
93.2
72.1
82.2
86.7
94.7
103.1
104.4
113.3
123.6
63.3
92.5
93.9
73.0
80.5
86.1
93.6
102.9
102.1
113.9
119.2
59.5
94.3
94.8
68.1
83.3
87.2
95.0
103.8
102.4
114.8
127.5
63.9
94.7
93.2
71.1
84.5
87.3
96.5
103.8
103.9
116.1
130.1
63.7
95.4
93.7
74.9
85.3
87.5
97.3
104.1
104.1
117.2
132.8
64.2
95.8
94.6
75.1
85.6
86.7
98.6
103.8
105.5
117.5
135.1
63.7
97.6
95.4
75.1
86.6
89.0
99
100.8
106
106.9
105
106.1
118.4 1 2 1 . 6
137.0 1 3 9 . 5
64.1
65.1
97.1
94.7
74.5
86.1
87.9
100.5
107.0
107.1
121.6
136.2
65.7
138.1
137.9
138.2
139.0
139.2
139.9
140.2
140.2
140.7
141.0
SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION A N D PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE A N D RETAIL
TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL T R A D E
135.6
131.5
134.5
130.7
134.1
128.9
133.7
129.0
130.8
128.5
131.0
128.0
131.9
129.8
133.3
130.0
133.6
130.6
134.0
130.6
134.5
129.4
134.8
131.5
134.6
132.1
FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D
REAL ESTATE
149.3
149.6
149.4
149.7
151.2
151.1
151.8
151.1
152.4
152.6
153.2
153.1
154.1
SERVICES
157.2
157.6
157.6
157.4
157.8
159.1
159.4
159.3
160.0
161.2
161.4
161.9
162.0
1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
p=preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in w h i c h employment 1 increased
Year and month
Over 1-month span
Over 3-month span
Over 6-month span
January
February
March
68.6
68.6
71.8
80.8
77.3
80.2
82.3
82.8
79.9
April
May
June
69.8
61.9
64.2
74.7
73.0
July
August
September
61.0
67.7
67.2
October
November
December........
68.0
75.3
74.7
78.2
81. 1
81. 7
82.
79.
78.
74. 1
76. 7
74.4
January
February
March.
66. 9
66.3
62.2
75.9
70.3
64.0
74.7
71.8
64.0
73.3
70. 6
69.2
April
May
June
49.7
58. 1
57.8
60.2
54.7
July
August
September
57.0
54.4
52.9
October
November.
December
65.1
55.2
53.5
Over 12-month span
1978
79. 7
82.3
81. 1
73.
77.
80.
1979
67. 7
63.4
58.4
59.
54.
50.
59.3
63.1
56.4
46.
39.
37.
1980
January
February
March
60.2
54.9
45.9
57.6
52.6
39.2
45.3
36.9
32.3
33.4
33. 1
35.2
April
May
June
34.6
28.8
30.2
29.1
25.0
23.8
24.7
26.7
25.6
33.
35.
July
August
September
36.3
62.8
62.8
34.9
54.4
68.9
32.3
46.8
68.6
32.8p
33.4p
October
November
December
64.0
66.9
64.0
72.7p
7 9 . lp
77.3p
1981
January
February
March
65.7p
56.4p
April
May
June.
July
August
September
October
November
December
1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p - preliminary.
7 0 . lp
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
US. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
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