Full text of The Employment Situation : February 1977

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News Sr *
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Contact:

J. Bregger (202) 523-1944
523-1371
K. Hoyle
(202) 523-1913
523-1208
home:
333-1384

Washington, D.C. 20212

USDL 77-195
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 10:00 A. M. (EST), FRIDAY,
MARCH 4, 1977

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

FEBRUARY 1977

Both employment and unemployment rose in February, it was reported today by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U. S. Department of Labor.

The unemployment rate

moved up to 7.5 percent, after declining from 8.0 percent last November to 7.3 percent
in January.

Nearly all of the 225,000 rise in unemployment from January to February

reflected increased layoffs, probably the result of energy shortages.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—continued to
advance in February, posting an over-the-month gain of 400,000 to 89.0 million.

The

employed total was 2.5 million above a year ago.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the monthly survey of establishments—
rose by 260,000 in February to 80.8 million.

In addition, hours of work recovered from

January levels adversely affected by unusually bad weather.

As a result of these two

developments, aggregate worker hours registered an unusually large gain over the month.
Unemployment
The number of persons unemployed increased by 225,000 in February to 7.2 million,
seasonally adjusted, following a decrease of more than half a million in January. The
over-the-month rise resulted from job losses due to layoffs.

(See tables A-l and A-5.)

The overall unemployment rate rose from 7.3 percent in January to 7.5 percent.

This

followed a decline of 0.5 percentage point in the previous month and leaves the unemployment rate half a point below the 1976 high recorded in November.
The February increase took place among both adult men and women, whose rates
moved to 5.8 and 7.2 percent, respectively.

Jobless rates for most other major demo-

graphic groups—including teenagers (18.5 percent), whites (6.7 percent), and blacks
(13.1 percent)—showed little or no change from January.




(See table A-2.)

-

2

-

There was a decline in the number of long-term unemployed, workers who had been
seeking jobs for 15 weeks or longer.

The average (mean) duration of unemployment fell

from 15.5 weeks, a level around which it had fluctuated since last July, to 14.7 weeks,
the lowest in 21 months.

(See table A-4.)

The number of persons who usually work full time but whose working hours had been
reduced because of economic factors rose by 220,000 in February to 1.3 million.

(See

table A-3.) Nearly all of this increase was attributed to material shortages stemming
from energy and weather-related problems.

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Quarterly averages
1975

Selected categories

IV

1976
I

II

HOUSEHOLD DATA
! 93,103
Total employment . . . . . . . . . j 85,247
Unemployment
! 7,855
Not in labor force
1 59,216
Discouraged workers
j
977

93,644
86,514
7,130
59,327
940

IV

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

94,544
87,501
7,043

95,261
87,804
7,457

95,711
88,133
7,578

95,960 95,516
88,441 8 8 , 5 5 8
7,519
6,958

96,145
88,962
7,183

59,032
903

58,963
827

59,132
992

59,071 59,732
N.A.
N.A.

59,302
N.A.

Percent of labor force

1

i
i
!

8.4
6.9
7.9
19.6
7.7
13.9
5.8
8.1

7.6
5.8
7.4
19.2
6.9
13.1
5.0
7.1

7.4
5.7
7.1
18.8
6.8
12.9
4.9
7.0

7.8
6.0
7.7
18.8
7.1
13.1
5.3
7.4

7.9
6.2
7.6
19.1
7.2
13.4
5.3
7.5

7.8
6.2
7.4
19.0
7.1
13.4
5.1
7.5

7.3
5.6
6.9
18.7
6.7
12.5
4.8
6.7

7.5
5.8
7.2
18.5
6.7
13.1
4.9
6.9

Thousands of jobs

P<5TAR1
ISHMFNT| DATA
LO
I MU Lionivtull
Un ( M
Nonfarm payroll employment . . .
Goods-producing industries . . .
Service-producing industries . .

1977

1976
III

Thousands of persons

Civilian labor force

Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and other
Household heads
Full-time workers

Monthly data

77,779

78,674

22,803
54,976

23,142
55,532

79,333
23,380
55,953

79,683
23,372
56,311

80,090
23,440
56,650

8 0 , 3 4 4 80,559p
2 3 , 5 0 8 23,574p
56,836 56,985p

80,818p
23,658p
57,160p

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
p^preliminary.




36.3

36.3

40.0
2.9

40.3
3.1

36.2
40.0
3.0

36.1
39.9
3.0

36.2
40.0
3.1
N . A . * n o t available.

36.2
40.0
3.2

35. 9p

36.4p

39.6p
3.2p

40.4p
3.3p

- 3 Total Employment and the Labor Force
Total employment rose for the fourth consecutive month, advancing by 400,000 in
February to a record high of 89.0 million, seasonally adjusted.

This pickup was about

evenly distributed among adult men, adult women, and teenagers and took place entirely
among workers in nonagricultural industries.
alltime low of 3.1 million.

Agricultural employment remained at an

Over the past year, total employment has risen by 2.5 mil-

lion, with the increase since October totaling 1.2 million.

(See table A-l.)

The over-the-month increases in employment and unemployment resulted in a gain of
630,000 in the civilian labor force to 96.1 million.

This sharp advance followed a

reduction of 440,000 in the previous month and was most pronounced among adult workers.
Since last February, the labor force has grown by more than 2.5 million, with adult men
and women each adding more than a million workers.
The civilian labor force participation r a t e — t h e proportion of the civilian noninstitutional population either working or seeking w o r k — w a s 61.9 percent, up from 61.5
percent in January and well above the level of a year earlier.

(See table A-l.)

Industry Payroll Employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment also increased for the fourth straight
month, advancing by 260,000 from the January level to 80.8 million, seasonally adjusted.
There is evidence that the February job gain would have been greater in the absence of
energy-related problems, though the specific impact cannot be precisely determined at
this time.

Over-the-month gains occurred in 62 percent of the industries that comprise

the BLS diffusion index of nonagricultural payroll employment.

Over the past year, pay-

roll employment has grown by 2.2 million with almost half occurring since October.

(See

tables B-l and B-6.)
Employment gains were posted in all major industry divisions except manufacturing
and government.

In the service-producing sector, strong gains took place in wholesale

and retail trade (115,000) and services (50,000).

Contract construction employment

increased by 70,000, recovering from the depressed January level which had been caused
by bad weather conditions.

Manufacturing employment remained unchanged at 19.2 million,

as small increases in nondurable goods industries offset small declines in durables.




Durable goods industries were affected the most by the February energy-related cutbacks
in plant operations.
Hours
With a return to more normal weather conditions, the average workweek rose by 0.5
hour in February to 36.4 hours, seasonally adjusted.

The manufacturing workweek

increased even more markedly, rising 0.8 hour to 40.4 hours, while factory overtime edged
up 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours.

Average hours in contract construction more than recovered

from the depressed January level, increasing 2.6 hours to 37.8 hours.

(See table B-2.)

Reflecting increases in both employment and average hours, the index of aggregate
hours for private nonagricultural production or nonsupervisory workers rose substantially,
from 112.6 to 114.7, an alltime high.

The index was 3.2 percent above its year-ago level

and 8.1 percent above the spring 1975 low.

The factory index was 96.3, up sharply from

the January level; the index was 11.2 percent above its March 1975 recession low.

(See

table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average hourly earnings of private nonagricultural production or nonsupervisory
workers increased 0.4 percent in February, seasonally adjusted.

Due to the strong

gain in average hours, average weekly earnings rose 1.8 percent over the month.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings were $5.06, up 1 cent
from January.

Average weekly earnings rose $2.88 over the month to $182.16.

(See

table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing,
seasonality, and the effects of changes in proportion of workers in high-wage and
low-wage industries—was 192.2 (1967=100) in February, 0.1 percent higher than in
January.

The index was 6.6 percent above February a year ago.

During the 12-month

period ended in January, the Hourly Earnings Index in dollars of constant purchasing
power rose 1.9 percent.




(See table B-4.)

Explanatory Note
This release presents and analyzes statistics from two
major surveys. Data on labor force, total employment, and
unemployment (A tables) are derived from the Current
Population Survey, a sample survey of households conducted
by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor
Statistics. The sample consists of about 47,000 households
selected to represent the U.S. civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years of age and over.
Statistics on nonagricultural payroll employment, hours,
and earnings (B tables) are collected by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with State agencies, from payroll
records of a sample of approximately 165,000 establishments. Unless otherwise indicated, data for both series
relate to the week containing the 12th day of the specified
month.

includes all persons who satisfactorily meet the above
criteria, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment
insurance benefits or any kind of public assistance. The
unemployment rate represents the unemployed as a proportion of the civilian labor force (the employed and unemployed combined).
To meet the extensive needs of data users, the Bureau
regularly publishes data on a wide variety of labor market
indicators—see, for example, the demographic, occupational, and industry detail in tables A-2 and A-3. A special
grouping of seven unemployment measures is set forth in
table A-7. Identified by the symbols U-1 through U-7,
these measures represent a range of possible definitions of
unemployment and of the labor force, extending from the
most restrictive (U-1) to the most comprehensive (U-7). The
official rate of unemployment appears as U-5.

Comparability of household and payroll employment
statistics
Employment data from the household and payroll surveys differ in several basic respects. The household survey
provides information on the labor force activity of the
entire population 16 years of age and over, without duplication, since each person is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
The payroll survey relates only to paid wage and salary
employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of nonagricultural establishments. The household survey counts employed persons in both agriculture and in nonagricultural
industries and, in addition to wage and salary workers (including private household workers), includes the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and persons "with a
job but not at work" and not paid for the period absent.
Persons who worked at more than one job during the survey week or otherwise appear on more than one payroll are
counted more than once in the establishment survey. Such
persons are counted only once in the household survey and
are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours.
Unemployment
To be classified in the household survey as unemployed
an individual must: (1) have been without a job during the
survey week, (2) have made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks, and (3) be
presently available for work. In addition, persons on layoff and those waiting to begin a new job (within 30 days)
are also classified as unemployed. The unemployed total




Seasonal adjustment
Nearly all economic phenomena are affected to some
degree by seasonal variations. These are recurring, predictable events which are repeated more or less regularly
each year—changes in weather, school vacations, major
holidays, industry production schedules, etc. The cumulative
effects of these events are often large. For example, on average over the year, they explain about 90 percent of the
month-to-month variance in the unemployment figures.
Since seasonal variations tend to be large relative to the
underlying cyclical trends, it is necessary to use seasonallyadjusted data to interpret short-term economic developments. At the beginning of each year, current seasonal
adjustment factors for unemployment and other labor force
series are calculated taking into account the prior year's
experience, and revised data are introduced in the release
containing January data.
All seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force and unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major employment
and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating
independently adjusted series. The official unemployment
rate for all civilian workers is derived by dividing the estimate for total unemployment (the sum of four seasonally adjusted age-sex components) by the civilian labor force
(the sum of 12 seasonally-adjusted age-sex components).
Several alternative methods for seasonally adjusting the
overall unemployment rate are also used on a regular basis
in order to illustrate the degree of uncertainty that arises
because of the seasonal adjustment procedure. Among these
alternative methods are five different age-sex adjustments,

including a concurrent adjustment and one based on stable
factors and four based on other unemployment aggregations.
Alternative rates for 1976 are shown in the table at the end
of this note. (Current alternative rates and an explanation of
the methods may be obtained from BLS upon request.)
For establishment data, the seasonally-adjusted series
for all employees, production workers, average weekly
hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted by aggregating the seasonally-adjusted data from the respective
component series. These data are revised annually, usually
in conjunction with the annual benchmark adjustments
(comprehensive counts of employment).
Sampling variability
Both the household and establishment survey statistics
are subject to sampling error, which should be taken into
account in evaluating the levels of a series as well as changes
over time. Because the household survey is based upon a
probability sample, the results may differ from the figures
that would be obtained if it were possible to take a complete
census using the same questionnaire and procedures. The
standard error is the measure of sampling variability, that is,
the variations that might occur by chance because only a

sample of the population is surveyed. Tables A-E in the
"Explanatory Notes" of Employment and Earnings provide
standard errors for unemployment and other labor force
categories.
Although the relatively large size of the monthly establishment survey assures a high degree of accuracy, the estimates derived from it also may differ from the figures
obtained if a complete census using the same schedules
and procedures were possible. Moreover, since the estimating procedures employ the previous month's level as
the base in computing the current month's level of employment (link-relative technique), sampling and response
errors may accumulate over several months. To remove
this accumulated error, the employment estimates are adjusted to new benchmarks, usually annually. In addition
to taking account of sampling and response errors, the
benchmark revision adjusts the estimates for changes in
the industrial classification of individual establishments.
Employment estimates are currently projected from March
1974 benchmark levels. Measures of reliability for employment estimates are provided in the "Explanatory Notes" of
Employment and Earnings, as are the actual amounts of
revisions due to benchmark adjustments (tables G-L).

Unemployment rate by alternative seasonal adjustment methods
Other aggregations
Alternative age-sex procedures
(all multiplicative)
Official
Direct
Range
Adadjust- CompoAll
All
(cols.
justed
site
YearCon- Stable DuraReament
Resid2-13)
Total
Rate multipli- addi- ahead current 1967-73 tion
sons
ual
cative
tive

Unadjusted
rate

Month

(1)
1976
i|

February

I

March
April
May
June
July
August
September
November
December




(3)

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.3 jI
7.6 ||
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.5

i
i

January

October

(2)

|I

8.8
8.7
8.1
7.4
6.7
8.0
7.8
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.4
7.4

|
jI

(4)

(5)

(6)

(7)

(8)

(9)

8.1
7.7
!
7.7
7.6
! 7.5
7.5
I 7.7
! 7.7
7.6
7.7
7.8
7.9

8.0
7.5
7.3
7.4
7.2
7.5
7.6
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
7.9

7.8
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.4
7.5
7.8
8.0
7.9
7.9
8.0
7.8

i

7 4

7.5
7.8
7.9
7.8
8.0
8.0
7.9

:

8.0
7.8
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.5
I 7'4
7.2
7.2
7.5 I ™
7.7 j 7.8
7.9
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
8.1
7.8
7.8
7.9

7.8
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.2
7.6
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

(10)

7.8
7.6 j|
7.5
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.7
7.9
7.8
8.0
8.0
7.8

(11)

(12)

(13)

8.2
7.7
7.6
7.4
7.2
7.4
7.7
7.8
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.8

7.9
7.6
7.5
7.5
7 J5
7.3
7.7
8.0
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.9

7.9
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.3
7.5
7.7
7.9
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.8

(14)

0.4
.3
.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.3
.3
.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
[Number* in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Feb.
1976

Jan.
1977

Seasonally adjusted

Feb.
1977

Feb.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

155,106
2,146
152,960
92,798
60.7
84,764
54.6
2,802
81,963
8,033
8.7
60,163

157,381
2,133
155,248
94,704
61.0
86,856
55.2
2,672
84,184
7,848
8.3
60,544

157,584
2,137
155,447
95,340
61.3
87,231
55.4
2,709
84,522
8,109
8.5
60,106

155,106
2,146
152,960
93,597
61.2
86,471
55.7
3,198
83,273
7,126
7.6
59,364

156,7 88
2,148
154,641
'95,302
61.6
87,738
56.0
3,310
84,428
7,564
7.9
59,339

157,006
2,149
154,857
95,871
61.9
88,220
56.2
3,248
84,972
7,651
8.0
58,986

157,176
2,146
155,031
95,960
61.9
88,441
56.3
3,257
85,184
7,519
7.8
59,071

157,381
2,133
155,248
95,516
61.5
88,558
56.3
3,090
85,468
6,958
7.3
59,732

157,584
2,137
155,447
96,145
61.9
88,962
56.5
3,090
85,872
7,183

65,821
64,133
50,850
79.3
47,182
71.7
2,174
45,007
3,669
7.2
13,283

66,930
65,250
51,718
79.3
48,174
72.0
2,030
46,144
3,544
6.9
13,532

67,025
65,342
51,940
79.5
48,192
71.9
2,081
46,111
3,748
7.2
13,402

65,821
64,133
51,017
79.5
48,079
73.0
2,331
45,748
2,938
5.8
13,116

66,598
64,902
51,912
80.0
48,684
73.1
2,334
46,350
3,228
6.2
12,990

66,699
65,001
52,066
80.1
48,773
73.1
2,283
46,490
3,293
6.3
12,935

66,835
65,140
52,078
79.9
48,859
73.1
2,273
46,586
3,219
6.2
13,062

66,930
65,250
51,842
79.5
48,961
73.2
2,209
46,752
2,881
5.6
13,408

67,025
65,342
52,092
79.7
49,091
73.2
2,230
46,861
3,001
5.8
13,250

72,531
72,452
33,912
46.8
31,201
43.0
333
30,868
2,711
8.0
38,540

73,642
73,550
34,829
47.4
32,205
43.7
394
31,811
2,623
7.5
38,721

73,746
73,654
35,159
47.7
32,434
44.0
379
32,056
2,725
7.7
38,495

72,531
72,452
33,721
46.5
31,228
43.1
426
30,802
2,493
7.4
38,731

73,378
73,288
34,444
47.0
31,811
43.4
553
31,258
2,633
7.6
38,844

73,491
73,401
34,848
47.5
32,208
43.9
558
31,650
2,640
7.6
38,553

73,535
73,445
34,938
47.6
32,340
44.0
573
31,767
2,598
7.4
38,507

73,642
73,550
34,740
47.2
32,331
43.9
488
31,843
2*409
6.9
38,810

73,746
73,654
34,982
47.5
32,477
44.0
485
31,992
2,505
7.2
38,672

16,754
16,376
8,035
49.1
6,381
38.1
294
6,087
1,654
20.6
8,340

16,-810
16,448
8,157
49.6
6,477
38.5
248
6,229
1,680
20.6
8,291

16,813
16,451
8,241
50.1
6,605
39.3
249
6,356
1,636
19.9
8,210

16,754
16,376
8,859
54.1
7,164
42.8
441
6,723
1,695
19.1
7,517

16,812
16,451
8,946
54.4
7,243
43.1
423
6,820
1,703
19.0
7,505

16,816
16,455
8,957
54.4
7,239
43.0
407
6,832
1,718
19.2
7,498

16,806
16,446
8,944
54.4
7,242
43.1
411
6,831
1,702
19.0
7,502

16,810
16,448
8,934
54.3
7,266
43.2
393
6,873
1,668
18.7
7,514

16,813
16,451
9,071
55.1
7,394
44.0
375
7,019
1,677
18.5
7,380

136,603
134,813
82,178
61.0
75,689
55.4
6,488
7.9
52,635

138,415
136,654
83,839
61.4
77,450
56.0
6,389
7.6
52,814

138,575
136,810
84,368
61.7
77,793
56.1
6,574
7.8
52,442

136,603
134,813
82,867
61.5
77,208
56.5
5,659
6.8
51,946

137,944
136,166
84,511
62.1
78,384
56.8
6,127
7.2
51,655

138,117
136,336
84,816
62.2
78,647
56.9
6,169
7.3
51,520

138,253
136,475
84,854
62.2
78,828
57.0
6,026
7.1
51,621

138,415
136,654
84,616
61.9
78,923
57.0
5,693
6.7
52,038

138,575
136,810
85,086
62.2
79,365
57.3
5,721
6.7
51,724

18,503
18,147
10,620
58.5
9,075
49.0
1,545
14.5
7,527

18,966
18,594
10,864
58.4
9,406
49.6
1,458
13.4
7,730

19,009
18,637
10,973
58.9
9,438
49.7
1,535
14.0
7,664

18,503
18,147
10,800
59.5
9,329
50.4
1,471
13.6
7,347

18,844
18,476
10,910
59.0
9,444
50.1
1,466
13.4
7,566

18,889
18,520
11,114
60.0
9,618
50.9
1,496
13.5
7,406

18,923
18,555
11,109
59.9
9,623
50.9
1,486
13.4
7,446

18,966
18,594
11,030
59.3
9,648
50.9
1,382
12.5
7,564

19,009
18,637
11,163
59.9
9,697
51.0
1,466
13.1
7,474

1:5
59,302

Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
:
Employment-population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
WHITE
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
BLACK AND OTHER
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.




3
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including
Armed Forces).

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-2. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Selected categories

Number of
unemployed persons
(In theMisands)

Unemployment rates

Feb*
1976

Feb.
1977

Feb.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977

7,126
2,938
2.493
1,695

7,183
3,001
2,505
1,677

7.6
5.8
7.4
19.1

7.9
6.2
7.6
19.0

8.0
6.3
7.6
19.2

7.8
6.2
7.4
19.0

7.3
5.6
6.9
18.7

7.5
5.8
7.2
18.5

White, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

5,659
2,355
1,948
1,356

5,721
2,446
1,933
1,342

6.8
5.1
6.7
17.1

7.2
5.7
7.2
16.8

7.3
5.7
7.0
17.2

7.1
5.5
6.8
17.2

6.7
5.0
6.3
18.1

6.7
5.2
6.4
16.3

Black and other, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

1,471
578
562
331

1,466
547
591
328

13.6
11.0
12.2
35.3

13.4
10.9
11.5
38.0

13.5
11.6
11.0
36.5

13.4
11.3
11.5
34.8

12.5
10.2
10.8
36.1

13.1
9.9
12.4
37.2

2,659
2,027
1,646
381
663
421
242

2,652
2,052
1,625
427
630
407
223

5.0
4.5
4.1
8.1
7.7
10.1
5.5

5.4
4.9
4.4
8.8
8.1
10.7
5.6

5.3
5.0
4.5
9.0
7.4
9.8
5.2

5.1
4.8
4.3
8.4
7.6
10.2
5.1

4.8
4.3
3.8
8.2
7.0
9.0
5.1

4.9
4.5
4.0
8.2
7.1
9.4
4.9

1,663
1,527
5,702
1,417
2,531
—

1,622
1,494
5,651
1,529
2,182

4.2
7.1
7.1
10.3
2.7
8.1

4.4
7.3
7.6
10.3
2.5
8.6

4.5
7.2
7.6
10.5
2.6
8.6

4.3
7.0
7.5
9.8
2.6
8.4

3.8
6.5
6.7
10.2
2.4
8.0

4.1
6.7
6.9
10.7
2.3
7.9

2,058
473
272
302
1,011
2,947
822
1,179
266
680
1,145
117

2,142
457
269
345
1,071
2,838
809
1,096
286
653
1,097
190

4.6
3.5
2.9
5.3
6.1
9.3
6.8
10.5
7.6
13.9
8.8
4.0

4.6
3.2
3.0
5.4
6.2
9.8
6.8
11.6
8.3
14.0
9.4
4.2

4.5
3.3
3.1
5..0
6.1
9.6
7.0
11.0
8.1
13.9
9.0
6.1

4.5
3.3
i
3.0
1
5.7
|
6.0
1
8.4
j
6.1
9.2
7.2
.12.9
8.6
4.8
|
1

5,354
688
1,696
1,004
692
231
1,445
1,265
687
158

5,281
685
1,533
883
650
237
1,557
1,246
710
198

7.9
15.9
7.9
8.0
7.9
4.7
8.5
6.6
4.4
10.8

8.2
15.1
8.2
8.0
8.5
5.6
8.9
6.7
4.4
11.5

8.2
15.4
8.2
7.7
8.9
5.7
9.0
6.8
4.3
13.2

7.9
14.1
8.2
8.0
8.6
5.2
8.2
6.8
4.4
14.0

487
164
229
94

453
154
197
102

7.8
17.7
7.1
4.6

8.7
19.0
7.9
5.7

8.5
16.8
8.6
5.0

1,239
747
294
198

1,347
805
363
179

8.4
11.2
6.5
5.4

8.9
11.9
7.6
5.1

9.3
12.1
7.9
5.8

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

Household heads, total
Men
With relatives
Without relatives
Women
With relatives
Without relatives

,

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over'
Labor force time lost2
OCCUPATION

.

j

!

!

3

White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

!
Ii

i

!
!!

4.7
3.4
3.1
5.7
6.3
9.7
7.0
11.3
8.2
13.5
9.3
5.1

|
I
j

INDUSTRY 3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers4
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries,
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
1

!
j
!
1
!

4.6
3.3
2.8
5.6
6.4
8.7
6.5
9.6
7.7
12.8
8.4
6.7

7.4
14.9
6.9
6.5
7.4
4.7
8.4
6.2
4.3
12.6

7.6
15.2
7.1
7.0
7.3
4.6
8.7
6.2
4.5
13.4

8.3
16.8
8.7
4.7

7.6
16.8
7.9
3.6

7.0
15.8
6.7
3.9

9.1
12.4
7.2
5.4

8.2
10.6
7.7
4.2

8.6
11.6
7.3
4.8

VETERAN STATUS
Male Vietnam-era veterans:4
20 to 34 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
Male nonveterans:
20 to 34 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years

1

Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
9
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that
5




by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
4
Includes mining, not shown separately.
5
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5,1964, and April 30,1975.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-3. Selected employment ihdicetors
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Selected categories

Seasonally adjusted

Feb.
1976

Feb.
1977

Feb.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977

84,764
50,551
34,213
50,128
37,438
19,976

87,231
51,659
35,573
51,057
37,587
20,673

86,471
51,942
34,529
50,778
38,006
20,048

87,738
52,576
35,162
51,159
37,989
20,384

88,220
52,643
35,577
51,356
37,895
20,482

88,441
52,799
35,642
51,525
37,998
20,498

88,558
52,918
35,640
51,710
38,195
20,511

88,962
53,046
35,916
51,729
38,159
20,756

43,092
13,356
9,025
5,200
15,512
27,497
10,879
9,757
3,140
3,721
11,749
2,425

44,443
13,690
9,350
5,64.6
15,757
28,549
11,236
10,030
3,355
3,929
11,925
2,315

43,084
13,081
9,170
5,357
15,476
28,809
11,294
10,072
3,228
4,215
11,840
2,787

44,207
13,427
9,436
5,551
15,793
28,921
11,352
9,885
3,297
4,387
11,972
2,829

44,297
13,597
9,491
5,597
15,612
29,001
11,353
9,970
3,258
4,420
12,026
2,743

44,648
13,544
9,564
5,815
15,725
29,150
11,302
10,231
3,283
4,334
11,880
2,791

44,521
13,444
9,613
5,633
15,831
29,636
11,626
10,341
3,358
4,309
11,874
2,624

44,451
13,408
9,502
5,815
15,726
29,917
11,668
10,351
3,448
4,450
12,017
2,663

1,094
1,503
205

1,073
1,417
219

1,306
1,603
317

1,310
1,671
343

1,285
1,627
342

1,380
1,530
340

1,246
1,490
354

1,280
1,511
338

75,971
15,159
60,811
1,178
59,633
5,562
429

78,345
15,211

*;288
61,846
5,719
459

77,087
14,867
62,220
1,205
61,015
5,696
482

78,498
14,998
63,500
1,377
62,123
5,632
448

78,766
15,045
63,721
1,448
62,273
5,771
449

78,957
14,967
63,990
1,384
62,606
5,798
460

79,205
15,013
64,192
1,391
62,801
5,853
419

79,520
14,913
64,607
1,317
63,290
5,854
516

78,485
63,802
3,154
1,427
1,727
11,529

80,980
65,549
3,377
1,484
1,893
12,054

78,362
64,395
3,201
1,283
1,918
10,766

79,469
64,955
3,448
1,339
2,109
11,066

79,940
65,385
3,545
1,289
2,256
11,010

80,369
65,846
3,454
1,234
2,220
11,069

79,832
65,700
3,320
1,112
2,208
10,812

80,837
66,144
3,438
1,335
2,103
11,255

Feb.

Feb.

1977

1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.

1976

Oct.
1976

2,699
2,541
2,794
1,241
1,552

2,869
2,832
2,409
1,183
1,226

2,637
1,890
2,531
968
1,563

2,952
2,367
2,360
1,094
1,266

2,759
2,494
2,517
1,188
1,329

2,765
2,319
2,514
1,130
1,384

2,762
2,083
2,283
1,038
1,245

2,804
2,107
2,182
947
1,235

16.4

14.8

16.3

15.3

15.5

15.6

15.5

14.7

100.0
33.6
31.6
34.8
15.4
19.3

100.0
35.4
34.9
29.7

100.0
37.4
26.8
35.9

100.0
38.4
30.8
30.7

100.0
35.5
32.1
32.4

100.0
36.4
30.5
33.1

100.0
38.7
29.2
32.0

100.0
39.5
29.7
30.8

14.6
15.1

13.7
22.1

14.2
16.5

15.3
17.1

14.9
18.2

14.6
17.5

13.4
17.4

CHARACTERISTICS
Total employed, 16 years and over
Women
Household heads
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, execpt farm
Sales workers

Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers

Nonagricultural industries:

Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers

6

134

&

PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons

'

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.

Table A-4. Duration of unemployment
{Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment

Feb.

'

1977

DURATION

27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duratio
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Less than 5 weeks .
15 weeks and over.
15to 26 weeks.
27 weeks and ov<




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Reasons for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reasons

Feb.

Seasonally adjusted

1976

Feb.
1977

Feb.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977

4,493
1,491
3,003
863
1,925
752

4,371
1,474
2,898
868
2,030
839

3,490
1,013
2,477
847
1,861
849

3,756
1,107
2,649
936
1,927
894

3,802
1,067
2,735
858
2,061
920

3,736
1,057
2,679
831
1,957
942

3,207
791
2,416
932
1,991
905

3,396
1,001
2,395
852
1,963
936

100.0
56.0
18.6
37.4
10.7
24.0
9.4

100.0
53.9
18.2
35.7
10.7
25.0
10.3

100.0
49.5
14.4
35.1
12.0
26.4
12.0

100.0
50.0
14.7
35.3
12.5
25.6
11.9

100.0
49.8
14.0
35.8
11.2
27.0
12.0

100.0
50.0
14.2
35.9
11.1
26.2
12.6

100.0
45.6
11.2
34.3
13.2
28.3
12.9

100.0
47.5
14.0
33.5
11.9
27.5
13.1

4.8
.9
2.1
.8

4.5
.9
2.1
.9

3.7
.9
2.0
.9

3.9
1.0
2.0
.9

4.0
.9
2.1
1.0

3.9
.9
2.0
1.0

3.4
1.0
2.1
.9

3.5
.9
2.0
1.0

NUMBER OP UNEMPLOYED
Lost last job
On layoff
Other job losers
Left last job
Reentered labor force
Seekingfirstjob
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

Table A-6. Unemployment by sex and age. seasonally adjusted

Sex and age

Number of
unemployed persons
On thousands)

Unemployment rates

Feb.
1976

Feb.

Feb.

Oct.

1977

1976

1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977

7,126
1,695
782
914
1,646
3,759
3,102
.655

7,183
1,677
746
931
1,722
3,766
3,088
679

7.6
19.1
21.3
17.6
12.0
5.3
5.4
4.6

7.9
19.0
21.3
17.5
12.6
5.7
6.0
4.6

8.0
19.2
21.6
17.6
12.7
5.6
5.9
4.6

7.8
19.0
20.7
17.7
12.5
5.5
5.9
4.2

7.3
18.7
21.1
17.0
11.4
5.1
5.3
4.1

7.5
18.5
19.8
17.5
12.0
5.2
5.3
4.8

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
28 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,858
920
421
498
913
2,012
1,612
395

3,904
903
387
515
958
2,034
1,616
414

6.9
19.2
21.1
17.9
12.1
4.6
4.6
4.5

7.4
19.6
22.3
17.7
12.7
5.1
5.3
4.4

7.5
19.7
22.2
18.1
12.6
5.2
5.4
4.4

7.3
19.1
21.0
17.4
12.9
5.0
5.2
3.9

6.6
17.4
19.5
16.1
11.3
4.6
4.7
4.0

6.9
18.6
19.3
17.9
12.1
4.6
4.6
4.7

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

3,268
775
361
416
733
1,747
1,490
260

3,279
774
359
416
764
1,732
1,472
265

8.6
19.0
21.6
17.3
11.9
6.3
6.7
4.8

8.8
18.3
20.1
17.3
12.4
6.6
7.1
4.9

8.7
18.5
20.8
17.1
12.8
6.4
6.7
5.1

8.6
18.9
20.2
18.0
11.9
6.4
6.9
4.7

8.3
20.1
23.0
18.1
11.4
5.9
6.2
4.3

8.4
18.4
20.4
16.9
11.9
6.1
6.3
4.9

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
26 to 64 years
66 years and over

25 to 54 years
55 years and over




.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA .

Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
[Percent]
Quarterly averages
Measures

Monthly data

1976

1975

1977

1976

IV

I

II

III

IV

Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

U-1—Persons unemployed IS weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force

3.1

2.7

2.2

2.4

2.6

2.6

2.4

2.3

U-2—Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

4.6

3.8

3.7

3.9

3.9

3.9

3.4

3.5

U-3—Unemployed household heads as a percent of the household head
labor force

5.8

5.0

4.9

5.3

5.3

5.1

4.8

4.9

U-4—Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor
force

8.1

7.1

7.0

7.4

7.5

7.5

6.7

6.9

U-5—Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
(official measure)

8.4

7.6

7.4

7.8

7.9

7.8

7.3

7.5

U-6—Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian
labor force less % of the part-time labor force

10.2

9.3

9.1

9.5

9.7

9.6

8.9

9.1

U-7 —Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
% of the part-time labor force

11.2

10.2

10.0

10.3

10.7

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.-not available.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Feb.
1976

Dec.
1976

Seasonally adjusted

Jan.
1977p

Feb.
1977?

Feb.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1 976

Dec.
1 Q7A

Jan. _
1977 _

Feb. „
1977?

77, 5 8 6

81, 0 9 9

79, 4 7 0

79, 730

78, 635

79, 819

80, 106

80, 3 4 4

80, 559

80, 818

22, 482

23 4 8 0

22, 989

2 3 , 023

2 3 , 112

23, 323

23, 4 8 9

23, 508

23, 574

23,658

752

805

806

816

767

800

805

808

817

832

3, 185

3, 5 4 7

3, 183

3, 2 2 4

3, 5 7 1

3, 582

3, 6 1 9

3, 605

3, 545

3, 6 1 4

MANUFACTURING
Production workers

18, 545
13, 2 9 0

19, 128
13, 7 3 0

19, 0 0 0
13, 6 1 1

18, 983
13,606

18, 774
13, 4 9 6

18, 941
13, 575

19, 065
13, 675

19, 095
13, 691

19, 212
13, 805

19, 212
13, 815

DURABLE GOODS
Production workers

10, 7 3 7
7, 6 2 6

11, 189
7, 9 8 9

11, 136
7, 9 3 9

11, 092
7, 9 0 5

10, 857
7, 7 3 4

11, 0 1 8
7, 833

11, 128
7, 9 2 9

11, 158
7, 955

11, 231
8, 029

11, 2 1 5
8, 0 1 6

161. 1
575.2
480. 2
592. 8
158. 6
351. 0
045. 1
787. 5
680. 8
497.9
406. 6

157. 1
614.2
495. 9
623. 7
1, 1 8 2 . 3
1,409.4
2, 122. 1
1, 8 7 6 . 2
1, 7 7 8 . 6
518. 7
410. 6

157.2
603. 8
492. 1
609. 5
176. 3
405. 3
133. 6
867. 6
768. 8
518. 1
403. 7

157.3
607. 5
488. 7
598. 7
166. 7
393. 0
140. 9
872. 3
739. 5
518. 5
409.3

161
594
484
615
166
369
039
797
710
500
422

155
613
491
630
194
387
078
849
695
511
415

156
621
491
636
186
396
106
860
749
514
413

156
626
493
629
182
404
107
863
766
517
415

156
627
493
632
179
415
127
869
790
520
423

157
62 8
492
621
174
411
134
882
770
521
42 5

7, 8 0 8
5, 6 6 4

7, 9 3 9
5, 741

TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products ..
Miscellaneous manufacturing

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

1
l)
2,
1
1,

1,
1,
2,
1,
1,

7, 864
5, 6 7 2

7, 891
5, 701

7, 917
5, 762

7, 923
5, 742

7, 937
5, 746

7, 937
5, 736

7, 981
5, 776

7, 997
5, 799

3
4
8
9
9
3
5
5
0
3

1, 6 5 9 . 1
74. 1
957. 7
1, 2 5 3 . 2
678. 7
1» 0 9 0 . 8
1, 0 4 0 . 3
200.4
648. 8
260.4

1, 6 4 3 . 7
70. 0
962.2
1, 2 7 6 . 5
677. 5
1, 0 9 3 . 4
1, 0 4 8 . 1
199. 6
656.2
263. 8

1, 706
77
963
1, 3 0 9
669
1, 0 6 9
1, 0 2 9
204
614
277

1, 706
76
961
1, 2 7 3
677
1, 0 8 7
1, 032
202
645
264

1, 711
75
960
1 276
680
1, 0 8 9
1, 0 3 8
203
642
263

1, 710
75
957
1, 271
680
1 089
l', 041
204
647
263

1, 721
74
960
1, 2 7 9
683
1. 092
1. 0 4 8
206
653
265

1, 7 1 8
72
963
1, 2 7 9
685
1, 0 9 4
1, 0 5 8
206
656
266

55, 104

57, 6 1 9

56, 4 8 1

56,707

55, 523

56, 4 9 6

56, 617

56, 836

56, 985

57,160

4, 445

4 , 553

4, 4 9 9

4,503

4, 5 0 4

4, 506

4 , 519

4, 553

4, 549

4 , 562

17, 109

18, 5 5 9

17, 7 9 5

17,687

17, 4 9 6

17, 8 2 4

17, 808

17, 898

17, 985

18, 102

4 , 189
12, 9 2 0

4, 3 2 6
14, 2 3 3

4, 296
13, 4 9 9

4, 308
13,379

4, 2 3 1
13, 2 6 5

4, 2 9 2
13, 532

4 , 291
13, 517

4. 3 0 4
13,594

4, 322
13j 663

4, 352
13,750

4, 2 2 8

4, 3 8 5

4 , 381

4, 4 0 0

4, 266

4, 3 5 9

4 , 381

4, 4 0 3

4, 4 2 5

4, 440

SERVICES

14, 2 2 4 .

14, 861

14, 7 3 7

14, 8 7 8

14, 3 9 7

14, 819

14, 873

14, 936

15, 0 0 7

15, 0 5 9

GOVERNMENT

15, 0 9 8

15, 2 6 1

15, 0 6 9

15,239

14, 860

14, 9 8 8

15, 0 3 6

15, 0 4 6

15, 0 1 9

14,997

2 , 726
12, 3 7 2

2, 7 2 5
12, 5 3 6

2, 6 9 7
12, 3 7 2

2, 703
12,536

2, 742
12, 118

2, 730
12, 2 5 8

2, 7 3 4
12, 3 0 2

2, 720
12, 3 2 6

2, 721
12, 2 9 8

2, 719
12,278

NONDURABLE GOODS.
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec..
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . .
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL

p=preliminary.




1, 6 3 2 .
74.
961.
1, 3 0 6 .
661.
1, 0 6 7 .
1, 0 1 9 .
197.
613.
273.

2
9
7
0
3
7
3
5
6
7

1, 6 9 4 .
79.
962.
1, 2 6 6 .
683.
1, 0 9 7 .
1, 0 3 8 .
202.
650.
263.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Feb.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan.
1977 p

Seasonally adjusted

Feb.
1977 ^

Feb
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec
1976

Jan.
1977

Feb.
1977 P

36. 0

36. 4

35. 5

36. 0

36. 4

36. 1

36. 2

36. 2

35.9

36. 4

MINING

42. 7

43. 7

41. 8

43. 1

43. 0

43. 3

43. 3

43. 7

42. 3

43. 4

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

36. 5

36. 8

33. 7

36. 6

37. 7

37. 3

37. 4

37. 3

35. 2

37. 8

MANUFACTURING
Overtime hours

39. 9
2. 9

40. 6
3. 3

39. 2
3„ 0

40. 1
30 0

40. 3
3. 1

39. 9
2.9

40. 1
3. 1

40. 0
3o 2

39.6
3.2

40. 4
3. 3

DURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours

40. 4
2. 8

41. 3
3. 5

39. 7
3. 1

40. 7
3. 1

40. 7
3. 0

40. 5
3. 0

40. 8
3. 2

40. 5
3. 3

40. 1
3.4

41. 0
3. 3

40. 8
40. 0
3 8. 6
40. 7
40. 4
40. 5
41. 1
39. 9
41. 4
40. 0
3 8. 5

41. 6
40. 4
39. 3
41. 3
40. 5
41. 2
42. 3
40. 9
42. 6
41„ 4
39. 3

40. 4
38. 6
36. 5
39. 2
40. 1
39. 6
40. 7
39. 6
40. 5
39. 7
37. 7

40. 6
40. 6
36. 7
40. 7
40. 6
40. 2
41. 4
41. 2
41. 4
41. 2
39. 3

40. 8
40. 3
39. 3
41. 4
40. 6
40. 9
41. 1
40. 2
41. 8
40. 2
3 8. 7

40. 6
40. 3
38. 4
41.4
40. 2
40.4
41.2
40. 0
41.2
40. 3
38. 7

40. 6
40. 3
38. 6
41.2
40. 3
40. 8
41. 5
40. 3
42. 0
40. 4
39.0

41. 0
40. 3
38. 6
41. 2
40. 1
40. 5
41. 2
40. 2
41. 1
40. 7
3 8. 9

40.5
39. 8
37. 1
40. 1
40. 1
40. 1
40. 8
39.9
41. 3
40.0
38. 3

40. 6
40. 9
37. 3
41. 4
40. 8
40. 6
41. 4
41. 5
41. 8
41. 4
39.5

39. 3
2. 9

39. 7
3. 1

38. 4
2. 8

39. 3
2. 9

39. 7
3. 2

39. 1
2. 8

39. 2
3. 0

39. 3
3. 1

38. 8
3. 0

39.7
3. 2

39. 8
38. 3
40. 6
36. 0
42. 2
37. 1
41. 5
41. 6
40. 6
38. 2

40. 5
38. 3
40. 4
35. 3
43. 1
38. 3
42. 1
42. 4
41. 9
36. 8

39. 3
35. 4
39. 4
33. 5
41-. 9
37. 0
41. 4
41. 8
41. 1
35. 7

39. 5
38. 2
40. 0
35. 3
42. 5
37. 5
42. 1
42. 7
42. 3
37. 2

40. 4
39. 2
40. 9
36. 4
42. 8
37. 5
41. 7
42. 3
40. 7
38. 4

40. 3
37. 5
39.4
35.0
42. 1
37. 5
41.6
42. 0
41. 1
36.4

40. 4
36. 9
39. 8
35. 1
42.4
37.6
41. 7
41. 9
41. 2
36, 4

40. 1
37. 5
40. 1
35. 3
42. 6
37. 7
41. 7
42. 5
41. 5
36. 5

39. 6
35. 8
39. 8
34. 2
42. 0
37. 4
41.6
42. 5
41. 3
36. 3

40.
39.
40.
35.
43.
37.
42.
43.
42.
37.

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

39. 5

40. 5

39. 8

40. 1

39. 8

39. 8

40. 2

40. 5

40. 1

40. 4

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE . . . .

33. 4

33. 9

32. 9

33. 1

33„ 8

33. 5

33. 4

33. 6

33. 4

33. 6

38. 5
31. 8

39. 0
32. 5

38. 4
31. 4

38. 5
31. 6

38. 8
32. 3

38. 7
32. 0

38. 7
31.9

3 8. 6
32. 2

38. 6
31.9

38. 8
32. 1

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

36. 7

36. 7

36. 9

36. 7

36. 6

36. 7

36. 7

36. 7

36.9

36. 6

SERVICES

33. 5

33. 4

33. 3

33. 5

33. 7

33.6

33.5 1

33. 5

33. 5

33. 7

TOTAL PRIVATE

Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products.. . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec . . .
Leather and leather products

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

1
1
3
7
1
9
3
4
4
4

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in contract construction: and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls.
p=preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

Feb.
1 Q7A

TOTAL PRIVATE

Dec.
1976

Jan. _
1977 P

Feb.
1977 P

Feb.
1976

Dec
1976

Jan
1977 P

Feb.
1977 P

$182. 73 $179. 28
181. 72 181. 30

$182. 16
184.55

$4. 74
4. 75

$5. 02
5. 02

$5. 05
5. 05

$5. 06
5. 07

$170. 64
172. 90

MINING

6.29

6. 71

6. 75

6. 71

268. 58

293.23

282. 15

289. 20

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

7.47

7. 88

7. 97

7. 87

272.66

289. 98

268. 59

2 88. 04

MANUFACTURING

5. 04

5. 42

5. 45

5. 42

201. 10

220. 05

213. 64

217. 34

5.40

5. 78

5. 80

5. 78

218. 16

238. 71

230. 26

235.25

5. 54
4.48
3. 87
5. 07
6. 56
5.30
5. 63
4. 78
6.38
4. 77
3.95

6. 05
4. 88
4. 13
5. 47
7. 00
5. 62
5. 99
5. 15
6. 94
5. 09
4. 18

6. 05
4. 95
4. 15
5. 49
6. 98
5. 63
5. 98
5. 17
6. 95
5. 09
4. 26

6. 04
4. 86
4. 17
5. 57
6. 97
5. 61
6. 01
5. 14
6. 89
5. 10
4. 24

226. 03
179. 20
149. 38
206. 35
265. 02
214. 65
231. 39
190. 72
264. 13
190. 80
152. 08

251. 68
197. 15
162. 31
225. 91
283. 50
231. 54
253. 38
210. 64
295. 64
210. 73
164. 27

244. 42
191. 07
151. 48
215. 21
279. 90
222. 95
243. 39
204. 73
281. 48
202. 07
160.60

245.22
197.32
153. 04
226. 70
282.98
225.52
248. 81
211. 77
285. 25
2 10. 12
166. 63

4. 54

4. 90

4. 94

4. 91

178. 42

194. 53

189. 70

192.96

204. 75
183. 73
150.,90
118.,93
238.,41
218., 67
255.,86
308.,90
207.. 97
127,.45

205. 01
204.37
153.20
124. 61
240. 55
222.38
258.92
3 15. 13
2 12. 77
132.43

Seasonally adjusted

DURABLE GOODS

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaiieous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec
Leather and leather products
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

4. 83
4. 88
3.56
3.33
5.25
5. 58
5. 69
7. 03
4. 52
3.39

5. 16
5. 04
3. 83
3. 52
5. 66
5., 86
6. 14
7. 29
5., 01
3., 53

5. 21
5. 19
3. 83
3., 55
5. 69
5., 91
6., 18
7.,39
5.,06
3., 57

5. 19
5. 35
3. 83
3. 53
5. 66
5., 93
6., 15
7. 38
5., 03
3., 56

192. 23
186. 90
144. 54
119. 88
221., 55
207., 02
236., 14
292.,45
183.,51
129., 50

208. 98
193. 03
154. 73
124.,26
243.,95
224.,44
258..43
309., 10
209.. 92
129.. 9C

6.29

6.. 65

6.. 65

6.,68

248..46

269..33

264,.67

267. 87

136,.86

138.36

3. 90

4..07

4,. 16

4,. 18

130,.26

137,. 9*3

5. 07
3.47

5..34
3,.65

5,.39
3,. 72

5,.37
3,. 75

195,.20
110.35

208,.26
118,.63

206,.98
116,.81

206. 75
118.50

FINANCE. INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE

4.33

4..43

4,. 50

4,.48

158 .91

162,.51

166,. 05

164.42

SERVICES

4.29

4,. 52

4. 58

4,.59

143 . 72

150.97

152 .51

153. 77

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

See footnote 1. table B-2.
p=preliminary.
1




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4.
Hourly earnings inde* for production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry division, seasonally adjusted
[1967=100]
Percent change from
Industry
Fell.
1976

Sept.
1976

Oct.
1976

Nov.
1976

Dec.
1976

Jan. P
1977

Feb. P
1977

180.3
107.8
193.6
180.4
180.0
194.1
174.4
168.1
185.2

187.2
108.6
204.4
186.5
188.1
202.2
180.8
172.0
190.9

188.2
108.8
206.1
187.9
188.4
203.1
182.2
173.5
192.2

189.4
109.2
205. 7
189.2
189.8
204.3
183.4
173.1
193.9

190.4
109.3
207.2
189.7
191.1
203.7
184.5
172.8
195.4

192.1
109.4
207.8
192.7
192.2
204.2
186.1
175.6
197.9

192.2
N.A.
209.0
191.0
192.6
204.8
186.8
173.5
197.6

Feb.
Feb.

19761977

Jan.
Feb.

19771977

TOTAL PRIVATE NONFARM:
Current dollars
Constant (1967) dollars
MINING
CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

6.6
(2)
8.0
5.8
7.0
5.5
7.1
3.2
6.7

0.1
(3)
.5
-.9
.2
.3
.4
-1.2

-

-I

1

See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 P e r c e n t change was 1 . 9 f r o m January 1976 t o January
3 Percent

1977, t h e l a t e s t month

change was 0 . 1 f r o m December 1976 t o January 1977, t h e l a t e s t month

available.
available.

N.A. • not available.
^preliminary.
NOTE: All series are in current dollars except where indicated. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries.

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
[1967 = 100]

1976
Industry division and group

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

1977

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Jan.p

Feb.p

112. 0

111. 6

111. 8

111. 8

112. 2

112. 2

112.8

113. 3

112. 6

96. 1

96. 0

95. 6

97. 2

96. 8

96. 5

95.7

95. 9

96. 0

97. 2

96. 9

95. 4

98. 7

MINING

125. 0

125. 7

125. 9

124. 7

125. 0

127. 7

115. 6

131. 7

131. 1

132. 6

134. 0

130. 8

137. 7

CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION

104. 1

99.6

105. 0

104. 0

104. 0

103. 7

102. 5

99.4

104. 2

105. 7

104. 3

95. 4

104. 8

93. 6

94. 3

93. 0

95. 1

94. 6

94. 2

93. 9

94. 0

93. 2

94. 5

94. 4

94. 1

92. 0
93. 6
93.8
38. 5
38. 5
39. 5
99.4 100.8 101. 9
102. 2 102. 8 103. 5
99- 7 100. 2
99. 1
86.2
85. 7
85. 0
96. 5
98. 1
98. 1
94. 0
96.7
96. 0
92. 1
93. 4
93. 1
86. 1
90. 6
91. 5
107. 9 108. 5 110. 4
92. 0
92. 1
91.6

93. 6
39- 6
101. 4
98. 5
96.8
84. 7
98. 1
96.3
93. 0
93. 0
109. 5
93. 0

TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING

MANUFACTURING

111. 1 111. 1 111. 5

May

96.3

DURABLE GOODS
Ordnance and accessories
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
-lectrical equipment and supplies . . . .
. ransportation equipment
Instruments and related products . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing, Ind

92.4
91. 4
41. 0
41. 0
96. 0
95.8
103. 1 103. 6
97. 4
96.5
84. 8
86. 0
97.2
96. 4
93. 0
93. 3
90.4
89. 3
89.2
91.8
105. 2 106. 7
94. 3
95. 4

NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products . . .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and plastics products, nec . . .
Leather and leather products

96.8
96. 8
88. 1
99. 0
92.2
95.8
92. 6
99.4
114. 2
117. 9
79. 2

96. 0
97. 1
96.6
95. 8
96. 1
96. 0
96. 8
96.6
85. 4
84. 9
83. 4
85.4
96. 1
99.3
98. 6
99. 9
92. 6
92. 0
89. 3
91. 4
96. 1
95. 9
97. 3
98. 1
92. 7
92. 3
93.6
93. 1
99.4 100. 1 100. 0
99.0
113. 9 115. 6 113. 9 111. 6
121. 7 121. 3 108. 8 107. 0
76. 0
78. 4
79.8
79. 3

95.2
97. 0
82. 3
98. 0
88. 9
96.9
93.6
99.4
112. 2
106. 2
74. 7

95.2
94. 2
95. 0
96. 5
96. 4
96. 2
84. 0
82. 1
83. 0
95.2
95. 5
95. 0
87. 6
86. 2
85.7
96.5
96. 1
95.7
92. 9
93. 1
93. 4
99.8 100. 3
99.4
112. 4 112. 2 112. 5
105. 2 124. 3 125. 6
72. 5
72. 1
71. 0

95. 4
95. 5
96. 6
95. 5
81. 6
81. 6
95.6
96. 1
86. 1
86. 3
97. 0
97.2
93.6
93. 7
100. 0 100. 0
113. 1 114. 7
125. 7 127. 6
70. 4
70. 5

95. 0
97. 5
95. 3
96. 4
7 5. 4 79.6
95. 7
97. 3
88.2
84. 2
96. 6
99. 3
92. 8
94. 2
100. 6 103. 8
116. 4 121. 6
128. 2 132. 9
71. 1
73. 6

121. 6

121. 6

122. 6

122. 3

121. 8

122. 5

123. 0

123. 6

123. 5

123. 5

124. 6

124. 6

125. 8

102. 3

102. 5

102. 4

101. 9

101. 6

102. 1 102. 5

102. 9

102. 0

103. 2

105. 0

103. 6

104. 8

118. 0

118. 0

119. 8

118. 9

118. 1 118. 9

119. 0

119. 7

119. 3

118. 9

120. 0

119. 9

121. 4

113. 4
119.8

113.2
119.8

114. 3
121. 8

114. 3
120. 6

114. 1
119. 6

115. 3 114. 7
12 0. 3 120. 6

114. 9
121. 6

114. 8
121. 0

114. 8
120. 4

114. 8
122. 0

115. 0
121. 6

116. 6
123. 2

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

90. 9
94. 0
93. 8
93.5
93. 6
93. 2
41. 0
40. 7
40. 0
39. 9
39.8
38. 6
96. 0
96. 1
96.6
97. 6
98.2
98. 6
102. 7 105. 1 103. 3 102. 3 101. 2 102. 4
99.7
99.2
98. 6
98. 6
99. 5
98. 9
86. 8
89.2
90. 1
88. 3
89. 8
88.8
94. 9
98.7
98. 4
98. 0
98. 6
98. 6
91.7
94. 5
95. 9
95. 9
94.9
95.9
92.2
92.2
90. 5
89. 0
91.9
91. 5
96. 9
92.
6
90.
3
90.
7
92.8
89. 1
105. 7 109. 6 109. 1 110. 3 108. 1 107.2
93. 1
94. 7
95.4
93. 1
92.2
91.8

114. 7

95. 4
39- 7
104. 2
99- 6
97. 4
8 5.8
99. 1
98. 2
97. 9
92. 5
114. 0
96.5

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

125. 4

125. 5

126. 1 126. 3

126. 3

126. 6

127. 3

127. 7

128. 3

129. 1 129. 8

131. 4

131. 0

SERVICES

134. 2

134. 0

134. 6

135. 3

135. 0

135.4

136. 6

137.2

137. 6

137. 7

138. 8

140. 0

1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
p=preliminary.




138. 4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased

Year and month

Over 1-month span

Ower 3-month span

Over 6-month span

Ower 12-month span

1974
January
February
March

58. 7
55. 8
48. 0

61. 6
55. 2
54. 7

64. 8
56.4
54. 7

63. 1
59. 6
54. 9

April
May
June

54. 7
54. 7
54. 4

52. 3
57. 0
50. 9

51. 5
50. 3
44. 5

50. 0
40. 1

26. 7

28. 2

July
August
September

49. 1
42. 2
32. 6

44. 2
36. 0
35. 5

35. 8
32. 0

21. 8

22. 1
20. 6

October
November
December

35. 5
19. 8
19. 8

26. 2

15. 7

18. 6

21. 8
12. 8

16. 0

16.6

13. 7

14. 0

12. 5

13. 7

1975
January
February
March

16.9
16.9
27. 3

22. 7

18. 9

16. 3
17. 4
17. 2

April
May
June

44. 2
51. 2
39.8

34.6
43. 6
47. 7

29. 1
40. 7
59. 0

20. 3
25. 6
40. 1

July
August
September

57. 3
72.4
81. 4

55. 5
75. 0
78. 8

63.4
72.4

50. 3
61.9
71. 5

October
November
December

64. 0
59. 6
69. 2

70. 6
69. 2
75. 0

78. 8
79. 4
77.6

75. 9
79. 1
81.4

January
February
March

76. 7
74. 4
77. 9

82. 0

82. 8

84. 6

84. 3
84. 9

83. 1
77. 0

82. 8

April
May
June

77. 9
63. 4
47. 1

81. 1
70. 6
57. 0

77. 0
71. 5
70.9

73. 5
79.7
79. 4

July
August
September

52.9
49. 1
68. 9

47. 4
65. 1
54. 9

55. 2
55. 2
61. 9

76. 2p
72. 4p

October
November
December

39. 0
64. 2
68. 3

59. 9
53. 8
7 5 . 6p

67. 7 p
67. 4p

73. 8p
61. 6p

7 0 . 3p

14. 0

12. 8

66. 6

1976

1977
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August . .
September
October .
November
December
1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172. private nonagricultural industries,
p = preliminary.




79.4