Full text of The Employment Situation : December 2017
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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 5, 2018 USDL-18-0024 Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — DECEMBER 2017 Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 148,000 in December, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment gains occurred in health care, construction, and manufacturing. Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, December 2015 – December 2017 Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, seasonally adjusted, December 2015 – December 2017 Percent Thousands 7.0 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 -50 -100 6.0 5.0 4.0 3.0 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2013 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January 2017 through November 2017 (as originally published and as revised) appear in table A on page 6, along with additional information about the revisions. Dec-17 Household Survey Data In December, the unemployment rate was 4.1 percent for the third consecutive month. The number of unemployed persons, at 6.6 million, was essentially unchanged over the month. Over the year, the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed persons were down by 0.6 percentage point and 926,000, respectively. (See table A-1.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for teenagers declined to 13.6 percent in December, offsetting an increase in November. In December, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.8 percent), adult women (3.7 percent), Whites (3.7 percent), Blacks (6.8 percent), Asians (2.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.9 percent) showed little or no change. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Among the unemployed, the number of new entrants decreased by 116,000 in December. New entrants are unemployed persons who never previously worked. (See table A-11.) The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.5 million in December and accounted for 22.9 percent of the unemployed. Over the year, the number of long-term unemployed declined by 354,000. (See table A-12.) The labor force participation rate, at 62.7 percent, was unchanged over the month and over the year. The employment-population ratio was unchanged at 60.1 percent in December but was up by 0.3 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.) The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 4.9 million in December but was down by 639,000 over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) In December, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, about unchanged from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.) Among the marginally attached, there were 474,000 discouraged workers in December, little changed from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in December had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 148,000 in December. Job gains occurred in health care, construction, and manufacturing. In 2017, payroll employment growth totaled 2.1 million, compared with a gain of 2.2 million in 2016. (See table B-1.) -2- Employment in health care increased by 31,000 in December. Employment continued to trend up in ambulatory health care services (+15,000) and hospitals (+12,000). Health care added 300,000 jobs in 2017, compared with a gain of 379,000 jobs in 2016. Construction added 30,000 jobs in December, with most of the increase among specialty trade contractors (+24,000). In 2017, construction employment increased by 210,000, compared with a gain of 155,000 in 2016. In December, manufacturing employment rose by 25,000, largely reflecting a gain in durable goods industries (+21,000). Manufacturing added 196,000 jobs in 2017, following little net change in 2016 (-16,000). Employment in food services and drinking places changed little in December (+25,000). Over the year, the industry added 249,000 jobs, about in line with an increase of 276,000 in 2016. In December, employment changed little in professional and business services (+19,000). In 2017, the industry added an average of 44,000 jobs per month, in line with its average monthly gain in 2016. Employment in retail trade was about unchanged in December (-20,000). Within the industry, employment in general merchandise stores declined by 27,000 over the month. Retail trade employment edged down in 2017 (-67,000), after increasing by 203,000 in 2016. Employment in other major industries, including mining, wholesale trade, transportation and warehousing, information, financial activities, and government, changed little over the month. The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.5 hours in December. In manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, while overtime remained at 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 9 cents to $26.63. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 65 cents, or 2.5 percent. Average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to $22.30 in December. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised down from +244,000 to +211,000, and the change for November was revised up from +228,000 to +252,000. With these revisions, employment gains in October and November combined were 9,000 less than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 204,000 over the last 3 months. _____________ The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 2, 2018, at 8:30 a.m. (EST). -3- Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2018 on February 2, 2018, new population controls will be used in the household survey estimation process. These new controls reflect the annual updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. In accordance with usual practice, historical data will not be revised to incorporate the new controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2018 will not be directly comparable with data for December 2017 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls on the major labor force series will be included in the January 2018 release. Upcoming Changes to Establishment Survey Data Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2018 on February 2, 2018, the establishment survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustment for March 2017 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2016 and seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 2013 are subject to revision. Consistent with standard practice, some historical data may be subject to revisions resulting from issues identified during the benchmark process. The establishment survey will also revise the basis for industry classification from the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to the 2017 NAICS. The conversion will result in minor revisions reflecting content changes within the mining and logging, retail trade, information, financial activities, and professional and business services sectors. Additionally, some smaller industries will be combined within the mining and logging, durable goods manufacturing, retail trade, and information sectors. Several industry titles and descriptions also will be updated. Approximately 4 percent of employment will be reclassified into different industries as a result of the revision. Details of new, discontinued, and combined industries due to the 2017 NAICS update, as well as changes due to the annual benchmarking process are available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesnewseries.htm. For more information on the 2017 NAICS update, visit www.census.gov/eos/www/naics/. -4- Upcoming Changes to The Employment Situation News Release Effective with the release of January 2018 data on February 2, 2018, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics will introduce a minor change to The Employment Situation news release table B-1. As a result of the update to the 2017 NAICS, the industry title for general merchandise stores will change to general merchandise stores, including warehouse clubs and supercenters. A listing of all series changes as a result of the 2017 NAICS update, including the industries published in news release table B-1, are available on the BLS website at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesnewseries.htm. -5- Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2013 through November 2017 were subject to revision. (Not seasonally adjusted data were not subject to revision.) Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2017 through November 2017, as first published and as revised. The rates changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in 1 of the 11 months and were unchanged in the remaining 10 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series beginning in December 2016 appear in table B. An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised data for January 2017 through November 2017 is available at www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-seas-adjustment-methodology.pdf. Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/. Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2017 and changes due to revision January - November 2017 As first Month As revised Change published January ......................................... February ....................................... March .......................................... April ............................................. May ............................................. June .............................................. July .............................................. August .......................................... September .................................... October ........................................ November .................................... 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 -6- 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 -.1 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employment status, sex, and age 2016 Dec. 2017 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 254,742 254,082 254,246 254,414 254,588 254,767 254,957 255,151 255,357 255,562 255,766 255,949 256,109 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159,736 159,718 159,997 160,235 160,181 159,729 160,214 160,467 160,598 161,082 160,371 160,533 160,597 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.9 62.9 63.0 62.9 62.7 62.8 62.9 62.9 63.0 62.7 62.7 62.7 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 152,233 152,076 152,511 153,064 153,161 152,892 153,250 153,511 153,471 154,324 153,846 153,917 154,021 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 59.8 59.9 60.0 60.2 60.2 60.0 60.1 60.2 60.1 60.4 60.2 60.1 60.1 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,502 7,642 7,486 7,171 7,021 6,837 6,964 6,956 7,127 6,759 6,524 6,616 6,576 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.8 4.7 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 114,603 114,297 114,375 114,455 114,538 114,627 114,721 114,817 114,918 115,020 115,120 115,212 115,292 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,996 82,051 82,054 82,007 82,054 81,915 82,022 82,128 82,297 82,561 82,366 82,375 82,548 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.6 71.5 71.5 71.5 71.6 71.8 71.5 71.5 71.6 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78,396 78,448 78,515 78,548 78,839 78,794 78,753 78,863 78,887 79,393 79,248 79,324 79,431 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 68.4 68.6 68.6 68.6 68.8 68.7 68.6 68.7 68.6 69.0 68.8 68.9 68.9 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,600 3,603 3,539 3,459 3,215 3,120 3,269 3,266 3,410 3,168 3,118 3,050 3,117 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.4 4.4 4.3 4.2 3.9 3.8 4.0 4.0 4.1 3.8 3.8 3.7 3.8 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 123,383 123,052 123,131 123,212 123,296 123,386 123,480 123,577 123,679 123,781 123,882 123,975 124,057 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,898 71,720 72,050 72,233 72,144 71,979 72,187 72,499 72,406 72,497 72,187 72,302 72,293 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.3 58.5 58.6 58.5 58.3 58.5 58.7 58.5 58.6 58.3 58.3 58.3 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,835 68,572 68,978 69,337 69,218 69,087 69,289 69,586 69,502 69,692 69,576 69,665 69,614 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 55.8 55.7 56.0 56.3 56.1 56.0 56.1 56.3 56.2 56.3 56.2 56.2 56.1 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,062 3,148 3,072 2,896 2,927 2,892 2,898 2,912 2,903 2,804 2,611 2,637 2,679 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.0 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 3.9 3.6 3.6 3.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,756 5,842 34.9 5,002 29.9 840 14.4 16,734 5,947 35.5 5,056 30.2 891 15.0 16,740 5,894 35.2 5,018 30.0 876 14.9 16,747 5,995 35.8 5,179 30.9 816 13.6 16,754 5,983 35.7 5,104 30.5 879 14.7 16,754 5,836 34.8 5,010 29.9 825 14.1 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. -7- 16,756 6,006 35.8 5,209 31.1 797 13.3 16,757 5,840 34.9 5,062 30.2 778 13.3 16,759 5,895 35.2 5,082 30.3 813 13.8 16,761 6,024 35.9 5,238 31.3 786 13.0 16,763 5,818 34.7 5,022 30.0 796 13.7 16,762 5,857 34.9 4,928 29.4 929 15.9 16,760 5,757 34.4 4,977 29.7 780 13.6 HOUSEHOLD DATA Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Category Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Change from: Nov. 2017Dec. 2017 Dec. 2017 Employment status Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force.......................................................... . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed.................................................................. . Employment-population ratio......................................... . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,742 159,736 62.7 152,233 59.8 7,502 4.7 95,006 255,766 160,371 62.7 153,846 60.2 6,524 4.1 95,395 255,949 160,533 62.7 153,917 60.1 6,616 4.1 95,416 256,109 160,597 62.7 154,021 60.1 6,576 4.1 95,512 160 64 0.0 104 0.0 -40 0.0 96 Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ . 4.7 4.4 4.3 14.4 4.2 7.9 2.8 5.9 4.1 3.8 3.6 13.7 3.5 7.3 3.0 4.8 4.1 3.7 3.6 15.9 3.7 7.2 3.0 4.8 4.1 3.8 3.7 13.6 3.7 6.8 2.5 4.9 0.0 0.1 0.1 -2.3 0.0 -0.4 -0.5 0.1 Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. . 3.9 7.6 5.1 3.8 2.5 3.3 6.1 4.3 3.6 2.0 3.3 5.2 4.3 3.6 2.1 3.4 6.3 4.2 3.6 2.1 0.1 1.1 -0.1 0.0 0.0 Reason for unemployment Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers..................................................................... . Reentrants...................................................................... . New entrants................................................................... . 3,627 896 2,202 791 3,214 731 2,001 626 3,149 739 2,025 697 3,254 715 2,003 581 105 -24 -22 -116 Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. . 15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 weeks and over............................................................ . 2,359 2,136 1,191 1,869 2,128 1,943 856 1,645 2,253 1,894 921 1,593 2,235 1,994 882 1,515 -18 100 -39 -78 Employed persons at work part time Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... . 5,554 3,387 1,871 21,253 4,880 2,960 1,615 20,897 4,851 2,995 1,558 21,022 4,915 3,097 1,570 21,122 64 102 12 100 Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted) Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers....................................................... . 1,684 426 1,535 524 1,481 469 1,623 474 – – - Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 155 150 32 2 12 18 13 0.9 5 118 1.6 13.3 13.4 0.2 -6 22 36 -17.4 50 39.2 5 -17 5 211 222 38 0 15 23 13 -0.5 10 184 6.8 -20.1 3.7 0.0 -1 8 47 14.3 17 31.5 104 18 -11 252 239 63 5 27 31 26 1.5 5 176 5.9 26.4 11.1 -0.2 1 7 49 16.9 50 38.9 17 9 13 148 146 55 0 30 25 21 1.3 4 91 9.8 -20.3 1.8 -0.9 7 6 19 7.0 28 29.2 29 12 2 (3-month average change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148 153 152 152 167 170 204 202 Category WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2 Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES Total private Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)5 Total private (261 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing (78 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49.6 48.2 82.4 49.5 48.1 82.4 49.5 48.1 82.4 49.5 48.1 82.4 34.4 $25.98 $893.71 106.2 0.4 131.9 0.7 34.4 $26.51 $911.94 107.6 0.2 136.4 0.1 34.5 $26.54 $915.63 108.1 0.5 137.2 0.6 34.5 $26.63 $918.74 108.3 0.2 137.8 0.4 60.0 53.8 62.6 66.7 68.0 64.7 64.2 65.4 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. 4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. 5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release. 3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 147,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 634,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: • The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. • The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. • The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity. Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000 (50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254,742 158,968 62.4 151,798 59.6 7,170 4.5 95,774 5,449 255,949 160,466 62.7 154,180 60.2 6,286 3.9 95,483 4,877 256,109 159,880 62.4 153,602 60.0 6,278 3.9 96,230 5,071 254,742 159,736 62.7 152,233 59.8 7,502 4.7 95,006 5,674 255,357 160,598 62.9 153,471 60.1 7,127 4.4 94,759 5,809 255,562 161,082 63.0 154,324 60.4 6,759 4.2 94,480 5,626 255,766 160,371 62.7 153,846 60.2 6,524 4.1 95,395 5,232 255,949 160,533 62.7 153,917 60.1 6,616 4.1 95,416 5,265 256,109 160,597 62.7 154,021 60.1 6,576 4.1 95,512 5,308 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,099 84,463 68.6 80,368 65.3 4,095 4.8 38,636 123,707 84,943 68.7 81,535 65.9 3,408 4.0 38,764 123,786 84,831 68.5 81,300 65.7 3,531 4.2 38,955 123,099 85,001 69.1 80,897 65.7 4,104 4.8 38,097 123,413 85,177 69.0 81,342 65.9 3,836 4.5 38,236 123,516 85,519 69.2 81,902 66.3 3,617 4.2 37,996 123,617 85,247 69.0 81,667 66.1 3,580 4.2 38,370 123,707 85,221 68.9 81,666 66.0 3,555 4.2 38,486 123,786 85,354 69.0 81,821 66.1 3,533 4.1 38,432 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114,603 81,640 71.2 77,984 68.0 3,656 4.5 32,963 115,212 82,257 71.4 79,349 68.9 2,909 3.5 32,954 115,292 82,193 71.3 79,025 68.5 3,168 3.9 33,099 114,603 81,996 71.5 78,396 68.4 3,600 4.4 32,607 114,918 82,297 71.6 78,887 68.6 3,410 4.1 32,621 115,020 82,561 71.8 79,393 69.0 3,168 3.8 32,459 115,120 82,366 71.5 79,248 68.8 3,118 3.8 32,755 115,212 82,375 71.5 79,324 68.9 3,050 3.7 32,837 115,292 82,548 71.6 79,431 68.9 3,117 3.8 32,745 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131,643 74,505 56.6 71,430 54.3 3,075 4.1 57,138 132,242 75,523 57.1 72,645 54.9 2,877 3.8 56,719 132,323 75,048 56.7 72,301 54.6 2,747 3.7 57,275 131,643 74,735 56.8 71,336 54.2 3,398 4.5 56,909 131,943 75,420 57.2 72,129 54.7 3,291 4.4 56,523 132,047 75,563 57.2 72,422 54.8 3,142 4.2 56,484 132,149 75,124 56.8 72,179 54.6 2,945 3.9 57,026 132,242 75,312 57.0 72,251 54.6 3,061 4.1 56,930 132,323 75,243 56.9 72,200 54.6 3,043 4.0 57,080 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,383 71,794 58.2 68,984 55.9 2,810 3.9 51,589 123,975 72,673 58.6 70,163 56.6 2,509 3.5 51,302 124,057 72,237 58.2 69,775 56.2 2,462 3.4 51,820 123,383 71,898 58.3 68,835 55.8 3,062 4.3 51,485 123,679 72,406 58.5 69,502 56.2 2,903 4.0 51,273 123,781 72,497 58.6 69,692 56.3 2,804 3.9 51,284 123,882 72,187 58.3 69,576 56.2 2,611 3.6 51,696 123,975 72,302 58.3 69,665 56.2 2,637 3.6 51,673 124,057 72,293 58.3 69,614 56.1 2,679 3.7 51,764 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,756 5,534 33.0 4,831 28.8 704 12.7 11,221 16,762 5,536 33.0 4,668 27.8 868 15.7 11,226 16,760 5,449 32.5 4,801 28.6 648 11.9 11,311 16,756 5,842 34.9 5,002 29.9 840 14.4 10,914 16,759 5,895 35.2 5,082 30.3 813 13.8 10,864 16,761 6,024 35.9 5,238 31.3 786 13.0 10,737 16,763 5,818 34.7 5,022 30.0 796 13.7 10,945 16,762 5,857 34.9 4,928 29.4 929 15.9 10,906 16,760 5,757 34.4 4,977 29.7 780 13.6 11,003 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 198,845 124,081 62.4 118,992 59.8 5,090 4.1 74,764 199,386 124,966 62.7 120,749 60.6 4,217 3.4 74,420 199,458 124,594 62.5 120,148 60.2 4,446 3.6 74,864 198,845 124,688 62.7 119,401 60.0 5,287 4.2 74,157 199,082 125,030 62.8 120,242 60.4 4,788 3.8 74,053 199,191 125,397 63.0 120,754 60.6 4,643 3.7 73,794 199,298 124,757 62.6 120,400 60.4 4,356 3.5 74,541 199,386 125,110 62.7 120,514 60.4 4,596 3.7 74,276 199,458 125,200 62.8 120,551 60.4 4,649 3.7 74,258 64,895 71.4 62,194 68.4 2,700 4.2 65,297 71.6 63,327 69.5 1,971 3.0 65,263 71.6 62,964 69.0 2,299 3.5 65,133 71.7 62,534 68.8 2,599 4.0 65,298 71.7 62,997 69.2 2,301 3.5 65,348 71.8 63,159 69.4 2,189 3.3 65,244 71.6 63,155 69.3 2,090 3.2 65,394 71.7 63,282 69.4 2,112 3.2 65,511 71.8 63,307 69.4 2,204 3.4 54,856 57.4 52,966 55.4 1,890 3.4 55,365 57.7 53,729 56.0 1,635 3.0 55,061 57.4 53,356 55.6 1,705 3.1 54,965 57.5 52,892 55.3 2,072 3.8 55,231 57.7 53,276 55.7 1,955 3.5 55,447 57.9 53,538 55.9 1,909 3.4 55,014 57.4 53,298 55.6 1,715 3.1 55,147 57.5 53,342 55.6 1,805 3.3 55,161 57.5 53,275 55.5 1,886 3.4 4,330 35.1 3,832 31.0 499 11.5 4,304 34.9 3,693 29.9 611 14.2 4,270 34.6 3,828 31.0 442 10.4 4,591 37.2 3,975 32.2 616 13.4 4,500 36.5 3,968 32.2 532 11.8 4,602 37.3 4,057 32.9 545 11.8 4,499 36.5 3,947 32.0 552 12.3 4,569 37.0 3,891 31.5 678 14.8 4,528 36.7 3,970 32.2 559 12.3 32,105 19,779 61.6 18,307 57.0 1,472 7.4 12,327 32,404 20,218 62.4 18,779 58.0 1,439 7.1 12,186 32,436 20,050 61.8 18,791 57.9 1,260 6.3 12,385 32,105 19,890 62.0 18,310 57.0 1,579 7.9 12,216 32,296 20,090 62.2 18,571 57.5 1,519 7.6 12,206 32,333 20,254 62.6 18,838 58.3 1,416 7.0 12,079 32,370 20,134 62.2 18,654 57.6 1,479 7.3 12,236 32,404 20,175 62.3 18,718 57.8 1,457 7.2 12,230 32,436 20,153 62.1 18,790 57.9 1,362 6.8 12,283 9,023 67.4 8,337 62.3 686 7.6 9,210 68.0 8,552 63.1 658 7.1 9,128 67.3 8,537 63.0 591 6.5 9,072 67.8 8,378 62.6 695 7.7 9,213 68.3 8,500 63.0 713 7.7 9,294 68.8 8,668 64.2 626 6.7 9,218 68.2 8,539 63.1 679 7.4 9,225 68.1 8,552 63.1 673 7.3 9,178 67.7 8,576 63.2 601 6.6 10,088 62.2 9,459 58.4 629 6.2 10,310 63.1 9,703 59.3 607 5.9 10,236 62.5 9,707 59.3 529 5.2 10,114 62.4 9,411 58.1 703 7.0 10,127 62.1 9,487 58.2 639 6.3 10,166 62.3 9,550 58.5 616 6.1 10,204 62.5 9,560 58.5 644 6.3 10,219 62.5 9,622 58.8 597 5.8 10,252 62.6 9,657 59.0 595 5.8 668 26.5 511 20.3 157 23.5 698 27.8 524 20.9 174 25.0 686 27.4 547 21.8 140 20.3 703 27.9 522 20.7 181 25.8 751 29.9 584 23.3 167 22.2 794 31.6 619 24.7 174 22.0 712 28.4 555 22.1 157 22.0 731 29.1 544 21.7 187 25.5 723 28.8 557 22.2 166 22.9 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 2016 15,433 9,681 62.7 9,428 61.1 253 2.6 5,752 Nov. 2017 15,370 9,633 62.7 9,343 60.8 290 3.0 5,737 Dec. 2017 15,610 9,779 62.6 9,546 61.2 233 2.4 5,831 Dec. 2016 15,433 9,685 62.8 9,418 61.0 267 2.8 5,749 Aug. 2017 15,341 9,876 64.4 9,489 61.9 388 3.9 5,464 Sept. 2017 15,483 9,985 64.5 9,626 62.2 359 3.6 5,498 Oct. 2017 15,466 9,864 63.8 9,565 61.8 299 3.0 5,602 Nov. 2017 15,370 9,699 63.1 9,407 61.2 292 3.0 5,671 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Dec. 2017 15,610 9,782 62.7 9,536 61.1 246 2.5 5,829 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 41,190 27,032 65.6 25,450 61.8 1,582 5.9 14,158 41,751 27,479 65.8 26,196 62.7 1,283 4.7 14,272 41,831 27,429 65.6 26,077 62.3 1,352 4.9 14,402 41,190 27,098 65.8 25,513 61.9 1,586 5.9 14,092 41,492 27,325 65.9 25,925 62.5 1,400 5.1 14,167 41,579 27,609 66.4 26,209 63.0 1,400 5.1 13,970 41,665 27,319 65.6 25,999 62.4 1,321 4.8 14,346 41,751 27,389 65.6 26,088 62.5 1,301 4.8 14,361 41,831 27,498 65.7 26,141 62.5 1,356 4.9 14,334 14,832 79.9 14,059 75.7 773 5.2 14,999 79.8 14,432 76.8 567 3.8 15,090 80.1 14,457 76.7 634 4.2 14,825 79.8 14,109 76.0 716 4.8 15,012 80.4 14,303 76.6 709 4.7 15,110 80.7 14,502 77.5 608 4.0 14,959 79.7 14,380 76.7 579 3.9 14,969 79.6 14,400 76.6 569 3.8 15,084 80.1 14,507 77.0 577 3.8 11,062 58.8 10,435 55.5 627 5.7 11,314 59.3 10,769 56.4 545 4.8 11,165 58.4 10,604 55.5 561 5.0 11,084 58.9 10,427 55.4 657 5.9 11,098 58.5 10,576 55.8 522 4.7 11,249 59.2 10,637 56.0 612 5.4 11,146 58.5 10,601 55.7 546 4.9 11,222 58.8 10,676 56.0 546 4.9 11,189 58.5 10,598 55.4 591 5.3 1,138 29.8 956 25.1 182 16.0 1,166 30.1 995 25.7 171 14.7 1,174 30.3 1,017 26.2 158 13.4 1,189 31.2 976 25.6 213 17.9 1,215 31.5 1,046 27.1 169 13.9 1,250 32.4 1,070 27.7 180 14.4 1,214 31.4 1,018 26.3 196 16.1 1,198 30.9 1,012 26.2 185 15.5 1,225 31.6 1,037 26.8 188 15.4 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,461 44.9 9,621 41.3 840 8.0 10,298 45.6 9,779 43.4 518 5.0 10,148 44.8 9,455 41.8 693 6.8 10,476 44.9 9,682 41.5 795 7.6 10,553 46.1 9,903 43.3 649 6.2 10,552 46.2 9,846 43.1 706 6.7 10,328 46.2 9,699 43.4 629 6.1 10,167 45.1 9,639 42.7 528 5.2 10,148 44.8 9,507 42.0 641 6.3 High school graduates, no college1 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,535 57.5 33,710 54.6 1,825 5.1 36,102 57.7 34,598 55.3 1,504 4.2 35,760 57.5 34,245 55.1 1,515 4.2 35,683 57.8 33,874 54.8 1,808 5.1 35,908 57.6 34,116 54.7 1,792 5.0 35,916 57.4 34,377 55.0 1,539 4.3 35,572 56.9 34,050 54.4 1,522 4.3 36,014 57.5 34,463 55.1 1,551 4.3 35,927 57.8 34,425 55.4 1,503 4.2 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38,188 66.0 36,795 63.6 1,394 3.6 38,075 66.4 36,747 64.1 1,328 3.5 37,897 66.2 36,590 63.9 1,307 3.4 38,216 66.1 36,751 63.6 1,465 3.8 37,247 65.6 35,845 63.1 1,402 3.8 37,540 65.9 36,189 63.5 1,351 3.6 37,761 65.8 36,385 63.4 1,376 3.6 37,955 66.2 36,579 63.8 1,376 3.6 37,906 66.2 36,534 63.8 1,372 3.6 Bachelor’s degree and higher2 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,095 73.6 52,843 71.9 1,252 2.3 55,498 73.6 54,424 72.2 1,074 1.9 55,824 73.4 54,701 72.0 1,123 2.0 54,128 73.7 52,789 71.9 1,339 2.5 55,576 73.9 54,247 72.1 1,329 2.4 55,621 74.1 54,378 72.5 1,242 2.2 55,612 73.8 54,477 72.3 1,135 2.0 55,501 73.6 54,348 72.1 1,153 2.1 55,852 73.5 54,653 71.9 1,200 2.1 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Dec. 2016 Men Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Women Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 VETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,757 10,434 50.3 10,009 48.2 424 4.1 10,323 19,389 9,521 49.1 9,159 47.2 362 3.8 9,868 18,735 9,210 49.2 8,822 47.1 388 4.2 9,525 17,533 8,405 47.9 8,084 46.1 321 3.8 9,128 2,022 1,224 60.5 1,187 58.7 36 3.0 798 1,856 1,115 60.1 1,075 57.9 41 3.6 741 Gulf War-era II veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,038 3,341 82.7 3,152 78.1 189 5.7 697 4,164 3,383 81.2 3,270 78.5 113 3.3 781 3,334 2,836 85.1 2,669 80.0 167 5.9 498 3,469 2,897 83.5 2,800 80.7 97 3.4 572 704 505 71.7 483 68.6 22 4.3 199 695 486 69.9 470 67.6 16 3.3 209 Gulf War-era I veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,309 2,613 79.0 2,540 76.8 74 2.8 695 2,981 2,284 76.6 2,204 73.9 80 3.5 697 2,799 2,252 80.5 2,182 78.0 70 3.1 547 2,501 1,952 78.1 1,885 75.4 67 3.4 548 510 361 70.9 358 70.2 4 1.0 149 480 332 69.1 319 66.4 13 4.0 148 World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,308 1,875 22.6 1,796 21.6 79 4.2 6,433 7,839 1,638 20.9 1,577 20.1 61 3.7 6,201 8,010 1,812 22.6 1,740 21.7 73 4.0 6,198 7,572 1,573 20.8 1,512 20.0 61 3.9 5,999 298 62 20.9 56 18.8 6 – 236 267 65 24.3 65 24.3 0 – 202 Veterans of other service periods Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,102 2,605 51.1 2,522 49.4 83 3.2 2,497 4,405 2,216 50.3 2,109 47.9 107 4.8 2,189 4,592 2,310 50.3 2,232 48.6 78 3.4 2,282 3,991 1,983 49.7 1,887 47.3 96 4.8 2,008 510 295 57.9 290 56.9 5 1.7 215 414 233 56.3 222 53.5 11 4.9 181 NONVETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 224,879 146,581 65.2 140,128 62.3 6,454 4.4 78,297 227,397 148,288 65.2 142,639 62.7 5,649 3.8 79,109 99,823 74,321 74.5 70,793 70.9 3,528 4.7 25,502 101,486 75,509 74.4 72,437 71.4 3,073 4.1 25,976 125,055 72,260 57.8 69,335 55.4 2,925 4.0 52,795 125,911 72,779 57.8 70,203 55.8 2,576 3.5 53,133 NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Persons with a disability Employment status, sex, and age Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 Persons with no disability Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 TOTAL, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 30,131 6,054 20.1 5,509 18.3 545 9.0 24,077 29,780 6,211 20.9 5,690 19.1 522 8.4 23,569 224,611 152,914 68.1 146,289 65.1 6,625 4.3 71,697 226,329 153,668 67.9 147,912 65.4 5,757 3.7 72,661 Men, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,650 34.6 2,379 31.1 271 10.2 5,001 2,777 37.5 2,509 33.9 268 9.7 4,622 76,792 82.0 73,182 78.2 3,610 4.7 16,836 76,818 81.8 73,748 78.6 3,071 4.0 17,037 Women, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,347 28.9 2,152 26.5 195 8.3 5,763 2,327 30.2 2,134 27.7 193 8.3 5,367 67,993 70.4 65,264 67.6 2,729 4.0 28,522 68,380 70.6 65,960 68.1 2,421 3.5 28,461 Both sexes, 65 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 1,057 7.4 978 6.8 79 7.4 13,312 1,107 7.5 1,047 7.1 60 5.4 13,580 8,128 23.6 7,842 22.8 286 3.5 26,340 8,470 23.8 8,204 23.0 265 3.1 27,163 NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status and nativity Dec. 2016 Men Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Women Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 Foreign born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 41,623 27,062 65.0 25,881 62.2 1,181 4.4 14,561 41,546 27,143 65.3 26,091 62.8 1,052 3.9 14,403 20,196 15,560 77.0 14,945 74.0 615 4.0 4,636 19,966 15,612 78.2 15,058 75.4 554 3.5 4,354 21,427 11,501 53.7 10,935 51.0 566 4.9 9,925 21,579 11,531 53.4 11,033 51.1 498 4.3 10,048 Native born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 213,119 131,906 61.9 125,917 59.1 5,989 4.5 81,213 214,563 132,736 61.9 127,510 59.4 5,226 3.9 81,827 102,903 68,903 67.0 65,423 63.6 3,480 5.1 34,000 103,820 69,219 66.7 66,242 63.8 2,977 4.3 34,600 110,217 63,004 57.2 60,495 54.9 2,509 4.0 47,213 110,744 63,517 57.4 61,268 55.3 2,249 3.5 47,227 NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Category CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government.................................... . Private industries.............................. . Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other industries............................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2 All industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 2,180 1,366 797 18 149,617 140,753 21,029 119,724 680 119,044 8,800 64 2,451 1,666 754 30 151,729 142,653 20,950 121,702 608 121,094 9,030 46 2,368 1,590 743 35 151,233 142,295 20,789 121,506 687 120,819 8,881 57 2,349 1,472 851 – 149,854 140,922 20,887 120,071 – 119,377 8,921 – 2,368 1,596 725 – 151,175 142,371 21,037 121,394 – 120,695 8,645 – 2,311 1,554 745 – 151,942 142,959 20,908 122,055 – 121,423 8,861 – 2,471 1,707 749 – 151,334 142,294 20,755 121,578 – 121,012 8,956 – 2,510 1,697 791 – 151,453 142,472 20,717 121,779 – 121,140 8,922 – 2,552 1,717 793 – 151,478 142,505 20,642 121,900 – 121,206 8,970 – 5,707 3,478 1,828 21,711 4,642 2,872 1,497 22,123 5,060 3,172 1,529 21,631 5,554 3,387 1,871 21,253 5,209 3,232 1,631 21,468 5,148 3,098 1,725 20,951 4,880 2,960 1,615 20,897 4,851 2,995 1,558 21,022 4,915 3,097 1,570 21,122 5,561 3,362 1,824 21,335 4,554 2,819 1,486 21,744 4,992 3,132 1,528 21,226 5,415 3,267 1,860 20,860 5,125 3,196 1,622 21,133 5,048 3,054 1,702 20,619 4,799 2,944 1,600 20,552 4,759 2,952 1,552 20,645 4,856 3,049 1,563 20,703 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. 3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. 4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Characteristic Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151,798 4,831 1,661 3,170 146,967 13,999 132,968 98,417 34,219 31,564 32,634 34,551 154,180 4,668 1,794 2,874 149,512 13,963 135,549 99,823 34,821 32,316 32,685 35,726 153,602 4,801 1,803 2,998 148,801 13,809 134,991 99,547 34,614 32,302 32,631 35,444 152,233 5,002 1,750 3,253 147,231 14,120 133,071 98,427 34,204 31,573 32,650 34,644 153,471 5,082 1,923 3,150 148,389 14,227 134,086 98,584 34,317 31,830 32,437 35,502 154,324 5,238 1,972 3,206 149,085 14,211 134,845 99,235 34,652 32,045 32,538 35,610 153,846 5,022 1,932 3,070 148,824 14,183 134,716 99,227 34,666 32,094 32,468 35,489 153,917 4,928 1,929 2,996 148,989 13,982 135,009 99,407 34,692 32,146 32,568 35,602 154,021 4,977 1,907 3,075 149,045 13,936 135,083 99,535 34,606 32,304 32,625 35,548 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80,368 2,384 753 1,631 77,984 7,152 70,832 52,529 18,328 16,988 17,213 18,303 81,535 2,186 811 1,375 79,349 7,157 72,192 53,178 18,650 17,347 17,181 19,014 81,300 2,275 779 1,495 79,025 7,093 71,933 53,163 18,559 17,397 17,206 18,770 80,897 2,501 810 1,686 78,396 7,259 71,122 52,685 18,379 17,040 17,266 18,437 81,342 2,455 884 1,564 78,887 7,357 71,506 52,574 18,438 17,085 17,051 18,933 81,902 2,509 899 1,600 79,393 7,313 72,028 52,980 18,605 17,262 17,114 19,048 81,667 2,419 884 1,528 79,248 7,280 72,016 53,082 18,617 17,320 17,145 18,934 81,666 2,342 884 1,443 79,324 7,210 72,102 53,084 18,617 17,300 17,167 19,018 81,821 2,391 848 1,540 79,431 7,203 72,226 53,308 18,612 17,450 17,246 18,918 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,430 2,446 908 1,538 68,984 6,847 62,136 45,889 15,891 14,577 15,421 16,248 72,645 2,482 983 1,499 70,163 6,806 63,357 46,645 16,171 14,969 15,504 16,712 72,301 2,526 1,024 1,502 69,775 6,717 63,058 46,385 16,055 14,905 15,425 16,674 71,336 2,501 941 1,567 68,835 6,861 61,949 45,742 15,825 14,533 15,384 16,208 72,129 2,627 1,039 1,586 69,502 6,870 62,580 46,011 15,880 14,745 15,386 16,569 72,422 2,729 1,073 1,606 69,692 6,898 62,817 46,255 16,047 14,784 15,425 16,562 72,179 2,603 1,048 1,541 69,576 6,903 62,700 46,146 16,049 14,774 15,323 16,555 72,251 2,586 1,044 1,552 69,665 6,772 62,906 46,322 16,074 14,846 15,402 16,584 72,200 2,586 1,059 1,535 69,614 6,733 62,857 46,227 15,994 14,853 15,380 16,630 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,254 35,712 9,998 45,581 36,151 10,064 45,284 35,952 9,893 45,389 35,569 – 45,319 35,519 – 45,594 35,591 – 45,776 35,853 – 45,621 35,844 – 45,439 35,813 – FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123,570 28,228 126,468 27,713 125,985 27,616 124,301 27,890 125,882 27,529 126,676 27,603 126,636 27,142 126,758 27,138 126,723 27,257 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,675 5.1 7,593 4.9 7,776 5.1 7,558 5.0 7,350 4.8 7,350 4.8 7,209 4.7 7,342 4.8 7,647 5.0 SELF-EMPLOYMENT Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,835 9,596 6,021 9,785 6,047 9,624 – 9,772 – 9,370 – 9,605 – 9,705 – 9,713 – 9,763 1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Characteristic Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,502 840 365 492 6,662 1,235 5,420 4,131 1,694 1,300 1,137 1,267 6,616 929 455 506 5,688 1,075 4,638 3,474 1,545 1,023 906 1,144 6,576 780 341 467 5,796 1,063 4,735 3,528 1,615 992 921 1,200 4.7 14.4 17.2 13.1 4.3 8.0 3.9 4.0 4.7 4.0 3.4 3.5 4.4 13.8 14.6 12.9 4.1 7.2 3.7 3.9 4.9 3.4 3.4 3.2 4.2 13.0 13.9 12.8 3.9 7.6 3.5 3.5 4.4 3.2 3.1 3.2 4.1 13.7 15.0 13.2 3.7 7.2 3.3 3.4 4.4 3.0 2.7 3.1 4.1 15.9 19.1 14.4 3.7 7.1 3.3 3.4 4.3 3.1 2.7 3.1 4.1 13.6 15.2 13.2 3.7 7.1 3.4 3.4 4.5 3.0 2.7 3.3 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,104 504 207 304 3,600 736 2,838 2,150 906 673 571 688 3,555 505 231 287 3,050 662 2,406 1,747 793 485 468 659 3,533 416 158 271 3,117 620 2,480 1,814 841 471 502 667 4.8 16.8 20.3 15.3 4.4 9.2 3.8 3.9 4.7 3.8 3.2 3.6 4.5 14.8 15.1 14.5 4.1 7.7 3.7 3.9 5.0 3.2 3.5 3.2 4.2 15.2 15.6 15.2 3.8 8.7 3.4 3.4 4.3 2.9 3.0 3.1 4.2 16.0 17.4 15.7 3.8 8.0 3.3 3.3 4.3 2.8 2.7 3.3 4.2 17.7 20.7 16.6 3.7 8.4 3.2 3.2 4.1 2.7 2.7 3.4 4.1 14.8 15.7 15.0 3.8 7.9 3.3 3.3 4.3 2.6 2.8 3.4 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,398 336 158 189 3,062 499 2,583 1,981 788 627 567 594 3,061 424 224 219 2,637 413 2,232 1,727 752 538 438 483 3,043 364 183 196 2,679 443 2,254 1,714 774 521 418 546 4.5 11.8 14.4 10.8 4.3 6.8 4.0 4.2 4.7 4.1 3.6 3.5 4.4 12.9 14.2 11.3 4.0 6.6 3.7 3.9 4.7 3.6 3.4 3.1 4.2 11.0 12.5 10.3 3.9 6.4 3.6 3.7 4.4 3.5 3.1 3.4 3.9 11.4 12.8 10.6 3.6 6.3 3.3 3.5 4.5 3.3 2.7 2.9 4.1 14.1 17.7 12.4 3.6 5.8 3.4 3.6 4.5 3.5 2.8 2.8 4.0 12.3 14.7 11.3 3.7 6.2 3.5 3.6 4.6 3.4 2.6 3.2 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,272 1,071 621 969 833 590 1,033 942 552 2.7 2.9 5.8 2.6 2.8 7.2 2.3 2.5 6.5 2.0 2.4 5.6 2.1 2.3 5.5 2.2 2.6 5.3 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,092 1,465 5,189 1,421 5,314 1,295 4.7 5.0 4.4 4.4 4.2 4.3 4.0 4.5 3.9 5.0 4.0 4.5 1 Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only. Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Reason Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 3,668 1,117 2,550 1,863 687 842 2,003 657 2,907 807 2,100 1,483 617 757 1,978 644 3,298 1,010 2,288 1,604 684 673 1,827 480 3,627 1,019 2,608 1,903 705 896 2,202 791 3,497 1,030 2,467 1,777 690 790 2,137 653 3,316 891 2,425 1,728 697 737 2,068 663 3,214 862 2,352 1,688 664 731 2,001 626 3,149 950 2,200 1,539 661 739 2,025 697 3,254 915 2,339 1,636 703 715 2,003 581 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 51.2 15.6 35.6 11.7 27.9 9.2 46.2 12.8 33.4 12.0 31.5 10.2 52.5 16.1 36.4 10.7 29.1 7.7 48.3 13.6 34.7 11.9 29.3 10.5 49.4 14.6 34.9 11.2 30.2 9.2 48.9 13.1 35.8 10.9 30.5 9.8 48.9 13.1 35.8 11.1 30.5 9.5 47.6 14.4 33.3 11.2 30.6 10.5 49.7 14.0 35.7 10.9 30.6 8.9 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 2.3 0.5 1.3 0.4 1.8 0.5 1.2 0.4 2.1 0.4 1.1 0.3 2.3 0.6 1.4 0.5 2.2 0.5 1.3 0.4 2.1 0.5 1.3 0.4 2.0 0.5 1.2 0.4 2.0 0.5 1.3 0.4 2.0 0.4 1.2 0.4 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Duration Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,251 1,974 2,945 1,176 1,769 2,084 1,753 2,449 921 1,529 2,144 1,848 2,287 867 1,420 2,359 2,136 3,060 1,191 1,869 2,221 1,996 2,802 1,067 1,735 2,223 1,879 2,695 962 1,733 2,128 1,943 2,500 856 1,645 2,253 1,894 2,514 921 1,593 2,235 1,994 2,397 882 1,515 Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.8 10.5 26.3 9.7 23.5 8.8 25.9 10.8 24.3 10.3 26.6 10.1 25.8 9.8 25.2 9.5 23.6 9.1 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 27.5 41.1 16.4 24.7 33.2 27.9 39.0 14.6 24.3 34.1 29.4 36.4 13.8 22.6 31.2 28.3 40.5 15.8 24.7 31.6 28.4 39.9 15.2 24.7 32.7 27.6 39.7 14.2 25.5 32.4 29.6 38.0 13.0 25.0 33.8 28.4 37.7 13.8 23.9 33.7 30.1 36.2 13.3 22.9 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employed Occupation Total, 16 years and over1............................................ . Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Management, business, and financial operations occupations.................................................... . Professional and related occupations......................... . Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and related occupations................................. . Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations....................................................... . Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Production, transportation, and material moving occupations....................................................... . Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Unemployment rates Unemployed Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 151,798 60,069 153,602 62,121 7,170 1,361 6,278 1,290 4.5 2.2 3.9 2.0 25,216 34,853 26,459 33,976 16,019 17,958 25,760 36,361 25,826 33,633 15,985 17,649 609 752 1,493 1,482 768 714 514 775 1,405 1,268 627 641 2.4 2.1 5.3 4.2 4.6 3.8 2.0 2.1 5.2 3.6 3.8 3.5 13,653 926 7,790 4,938 14,299 1,107 8,198 4,994 1,064 170 724 170 961 195 600 166 7.2 15.5 8.5 3.3 6.3 15.0 6.8 3.2 17,641 8,315 9,326 17,722 8,546 9,177 1,097 487 610 865 376 489 5.9 5.5 6.1 4.7 4.2 5.1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Industry and class of worker Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government workers.................................................................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 7,170 5,581 27 670 630 366 264 955 241 87 251 879 667 899 276 166 401 365 6,278 4,841 41 554 505 289 217 841 208 108 143 712 706 833 189 210 460 287 4.5 4.5 3.7 7.4 4.0 3.7 4.5 4.6 3.6 3.1 2.6 5.3 2.9 6.4 4.2 11.2 1.9 3.6 3.9 3.8 5.1 5.9 3.3 3.0 3.8 4.1 3.0 3.8 1.5 4.2 3.0 6.2 2.8 11.9 2.2 2.9 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent] Not seasonally adjusted Measure U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.................................... . Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Aug. 2017 Sept. 2017 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.5 2.3 1.8 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.0 2.0 2.0 4.5 3.9 3.9 4.7 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.8 4.2 4.2 5.0 4.7 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 5.5 4.8 4.9 5.7 5.4 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.1 9.1 7.7 8.0 9.1 8.6 8.3 8.0 8.0 8.1 NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Category Dec. 2016 Men Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Women Dec. 2017 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2017 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers2........................................ . Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . . 95,774 5,449 1,684 426 1,258 96,230 5,071 1,623 474 1,149 38,636 2,631 963 295 668 38,955 2,330 811 316 495 57,138 2,819 721 131 590 57,275 2,742 812 158 654 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders4............................................ . Percent of total employed......................................... . Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... . Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,675 5.1 4,204 2,078 282 1,050 7,776 5.1 4,391 1,964 269 1,091 3,630 4.5 2,235 682 162 521 3,744 4.6 2,335 668 154 560 4,045 5.7 1,969 1,396 120 529 4,032 5.6 2,056 1,296 116 531 1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. 2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p 146,158 123,522 19,670 147,952 125,268 20,351 148,526 125,716 20,299 148,346 125,654 20,179 145,325 123,026 19,794 146,980 124,654 20,141 147,232 124,893 20,204 147,380 125,039 20,259 Change from: Nov.2017 Dec.2017p 148 146 55 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 669 50.3 618.3 177.7 179.7 50.2 39.3 731 50.0 680.5 179.3 188.7 52.1 38.9 735 51.1 683.6 180.3 187.8 51.1 38.7 730 51.2 678.9 178.9 184.4 50.9 38.9 668 51.0 616.8 177.3 182.0 49.7 39.1 722 48.8 673.3 178.9 186.5 51.6 39.0 727 49.9 677.5 179.0 187.1 50.9 38.8 727 50.7 675.8 177.9 186.3 50.5 38.8 0 0.8 -1.7 -1.1 -0.8 -0.4 0.0 90.2 260.9 97.7 312.5 98.0 315.5 94.6 315.6 93.2 257.5 95.9 307.9 97.4 311.4 97.1 311.6 -0.3 0.2 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 6,660 1,491.9 751.0 740.9 885.3 4,282.5 1,882.7 2,399.8 7,125 1,564.7 783.0 781.7 1,023.7 4,536.6 1,988.5 2,548.1 7,057 1,556.2 778.4 777.8 982.9 4,517.7 1,982.3 2,535.4 6,910 1,544.4 780.0 764.4 917.2 4,448.4 1,954.6 2,493.8 6,783 1,503.2 753.6 749.6 935.0 4,345.0 1,912.2 2,432.8 6,936 1,534.1 767.5 766.6 962.9 4,439.3 1,952.8 2,486.5 6,963 1,543.5 772.6 770.9 957.9 4,461.3 1,961.4 2,499.9 6,993 1,550.4 780.8 769.6 957.2 4,485.1 1,971.4 2,513.7 30 6.9 8.2 -1.3 -0.7 23.8 10.0 13.8 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semiconductors and electronic components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,341 12,495 12,507 12,539 12,343 12,483 12,514 12,539 25 7,709 396.0 407.0 377.2 1,422.1 1,075.7 1,040.7 162.4 84.0 7,788 396.3 421.4 385.6 1,455.8 1,094.6 1,045.3 167.8 84.8 7,816 395.2 421.6 386.0 1,464.8 1,103.1 1,048.8 170.1 84.7 7,847 396.7 416.7 390.6 1,470.8 1,113.2 1,054.9 170.4 84.9 7,708 396.2 412.3 375.8 1,421.6 1,075.6 1,039.4 162.4 84.2 7,791 394.9 416.1 386.6 1,456.7 1,098.7 1,047.1 167.7 85.0 7,817 394.3 418.0 387.7 1,464.5 1,106.7 1,050.6 169.7 84.7 7,838 395.0 419.7 390.3 1,469.9 1,112.7 1,053.6 169.7 84.8 21 0.7 1.7 2.6 5.4 6.0 3.0 0.0 0.1 363.2 396.4 362.4 397.0 363.2 398.3 367.2 400.2 362.1 396.0 363.5 397.9 364.5 399.4 366.8 400.1 2.3 0.7 34.7 382.7 1,623.8 946.1 391.0 33.3 394.1 1,611.2 937.2 391.4 32.5 395.6 1,617.0 941.4 388.8 32.2 397.8 1,622.1 945.5 389.6 34.6 383.2 1,619.8 942.4 392.8 33.1 394.8 1,613.5 938.7 391.0 32.2 396.1 1,615.9 940.2 390.1 32.2 397.3 1,616.9 941.5 389.4 0.0 1.2 1.0 1.3 -0.7 592.7 592.2 595.3 594.9 591.4 591.5 592.8 592.8 0.0 4,632 1,565.8 112.2 112.8 129.8 368.7 444.1 110.0 812.5 695.8 4,707 1,618.2 110.1 109.2 118.3 369.0 436.6 115.6 823.4 706.8 4,691 1,606.3 109.9 109.6 118.2 370.0 436.7 113.0 821.8 711.2 4,692 1,609.7 110.5 108.8 116.8 369.9 436.6 108.4 828.5 713.1 4,635 1,568.2 112.2 112.8 128.9 368.3 442.3 111.0 809.8 698.3 4,692 1,608.7 110.2 108.7 117.3 369.9 436.0 112.6 826.2 710.2 4,697 1,611.9 109.5 108.7 116.5 370.8 435.0 112.2 826.5 713.5 4,701 1,616.4 110.3 108.5 115.8 369.6 433.9 110.3 828.4 714.6 4 4.5 0.8 -0.2 -0.7 -1.2 -1.1 -1.9 1.9 1.1 280.3 299.7 294.0 289.8 283.6 291.8 292.1 293.0 0.9 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,852 104,917 105,417 105,475 103,232 104,513 104,689 104,780 91 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,090 27,479 28,025 28,220 27,374 27,415 27,458 27,448 -10 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 5,892.8 2,933.0 2,054.6 5,951.6 2,967.9 2,072.1 5,961.0 2,981.3 2,069.7 5,964.3 2,989.2 2,065.3 5,888.4 2,932.7 2,052.9 5,943.5 2,970.5 2,063.3 5,949.4 2,980.0 2,062.9 5,959.2 2,986.6 2,065.8 9.8 6.6 2.9 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2017p Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Change from: Nov.2017 Dec.2017p Wholesale trade - Continued Electronic markets and agents and brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 905.2 911.6 910.0 909.8 902.8 909.7 906.5 906.8 0.3 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Building material and garden supply stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,375.9 1,993.4 1,293.5 145.2 554.7 494.2 532.7 15,823.9 2,025.7 1,312.4 153.9 559.4 487.9 500.0 16,286.6 2,025.3 1,311.2 150.7 563.4 504.6 513.4 16,345.9 2,019.1 1,307.6 150.0 561.5 510.7 514.3 15,881.0 2,002.0 1,295.3 152.5 554.2 478.0 509.0 15,808.4 2,023.7 1,309.0 155.6 559.0 486.1 497.2 15,834.8 2,025.4 1,309.2 155.8 560.4 487.7 491.5 15,814.5 2,028.3 1,310.2 157.7 560.4 489.9 495.3 -20.3 2.9 1.0 1.9 0.0 2.2 3.8 1,242.9 3,117.5 1,080.8 929.9 1,489.7 1,284.6 3,080.1 1,044.7 942.0 1,308.1 1,282.1 3,111.3 1,065.5 947.1 1,434.8 1,276.0 3,124.0 1,067.4 938.2 1,457.9 1,283.2 3,097.0 1,065.0 934.3 1,340.8 1,306.2 3,080.3 1,046.9 939.9 1,317.2 1,309.6 3,091.6 1,050.5 944.1 1,316.0 1,311.5 3,098.1 1,046.6 941.1 1,312.2 1.9 6.5 -3.9 -3.0 -3.8 689.0 3,392.0 1,448.4 1,943.6 840.6 573.2 606.0 3,130.5 1,277.4 1,853.1 836.8 577.5 671.4 3,303.0 1,393.2 1,909.8 839.6 588.5 685.0 3,316.8 1,425.7 1,891.1 842.8 593.7 614.8 3,180.2 1,301.6 1,878.7 830.3 546.4 608.7 3,113.0 1,278.1 1,834.9 823.1 566.1 612.4 3,117.2 1,281.2 1,836.0 825.4 563.4 610.8 3,089.9 1,273.0 1,816.9 827.2 563.6 -1.6 -27.3 -8.2 -19.1 1.8 0.2 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transit and ground passenger transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,264.8 476.8 210.9 63.3 1,465.0 5,150.9 492.5 205.5 65.6 1,492.5 5,225.3 491.2 205.5 64.5 1,486.6 5,357.5 491.4 204.3 64.9 1,476.2 5,048.0 479.3 210.8 64.4 1,464.9 5,109.4 492.5 205.3 65.5 1,475.2 5,120.5 493.0 204.9 65.6 1,475.9 5,122.3 493.2 204.4 66.0 1,475.3 1.8 0.2 -0.5 0.4 -0.6 484.6 48.5 29.3 665.8 855.2 965.4 497.5 46.8 38.0 674.9 662.8 974.8 493.5 47.1 31.4 674.9 731.6 999.0 493.5 47.0 30.0 680.5 874.4 995.3 470.0 48.5 35.3 664.0 668.0 942.8 480.1 46.8 36.4 670.7 673.8 963.1 478.0 47.1 35.9 672.9 676.1 971.1 479.0 46.9 36.0 677.0 678.2 966.3 1.0 -0.2 0.1 4.1 2.1 -4.8 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 556.8 552.6 552.2 552.2 556.7 553.4 553.2 552.3 -0.9 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . Motion picture and sound recording industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data processing, hosting and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,775 733.2 2,715 718.8 2,729 719.6 2,730 719.5 2,762 729.5 2,714 717.4 2,715 717.2 2,722 716.0 7 -1.2 415.0 264.6 793.3 403.2 262.2 751.8 412.1 260.9 755.8 408.8 260.3 756.9 415.9 264.7 786.2 405.1 260.7 752.8 403.1 259.6 754.0 410.5 258.9 753.3 7.4 -0.7 -0.7 303.9 264.9 306.1 272.8 306.7 274.1 308.4 276.5 300.7 265.2 305.3 273.1 306.6 274.7 307.0 275.9 0.4 1.2 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . Credit intermediation and related activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . Activities related to credit intermediation.. . Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 8,373 6,210.7 18.9 8,489 6,266.9 18.7 8,485 6,268.8 18.7 8,505 6,284.9 18.7 8,364 6,194.6 18.8 8,485 6,267.4 18.7 8,492 6,268.1 18.7 8,498 6,271.8 18.7 6 3.7 0.0 2,644.3 1,709.1 1,313.2 626.4 308.8 2,659.2 1,713.2 1,310.7 631.5 314.5 2,661.1 1,716.1 1,312.4 630.2 314.8 2,668.4 1,717.3 1,313.1 632.3 318.8 2,637.9 1,708.9 1,310.9 621.9 307.0 2,663.7 1,719.3 1,314.9 629.7 314.7 2,663.7 1,719.3 1,315.0 628.9 315.6 2,664.8 1,717.9 1,313.9 628.8 318.2 1.1 -1.4 -1.1 -0.1 2.6 934.6 2,612.9 2,161.9 1,586.0 552.3 23.6 952.4 2,636.6 2,222.5 1,617.3 582.0 23.2 953.3 2,635.7 2,216.5 1,615.1 578.1 23.3 956.6 2,641.2 2,220.0 1,622.5 574.1 23.4 933.0 2,604.9 2,169.3 1,586.4 559.5 23.4 950.5 2,634.5 2,217.1 1,612.5 581.4 23.2 952.7 2,633.0 2,223.7 1,616.4 584.2 23.1 953.4 2,634.9 2,225.9 1,618.0 584.7 23.2 0.7 1.9 2.2 1.6 0.5 0.1 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Change from: Nov.2017 Dec.2017p Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer systems design and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scientific research and development services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other professional and technical services. . . Management of companies and enterprises. . . Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Travel arrangement and reservation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste management and remediation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,521 9,036.5 1,130.5 997.8 1,424.8 143.1 21,067 9,181.7 1,130.5 946.7 1,478.5 141.8 21,125 9,232.0 1,130.1 979.1 1,473.3 143.7 21,042 9,243.4 1,133.6 992.2 1,473.5 143.5 20,416 9,013.2 1,126.1 1,000.0 1,427.3 141.2 20,875 9,198.9 1,128.0 1,005.1 1,469.9 140.6 20,924 9,219.9 1,127.6 1,009.1 1,472.6 142.0 20,943 9,215.2 1,128.2 993.7 1,474.9 141.7 19 -4.7 0.6 -15.4 2.3 -0.3 2,028.1 2,081.7 2,087.9 2,079.8 2,031.5 2,071.5 2,075.0 2,078.3 3.3 1,422.3 1,469.8 1,477.8 1,478.5 1,407.4 1,457.0 1,463.6 1,464.4 0.8 694.6 491.4 703.9 2,265.6 9,218.9 8,807.5 510.5 140.7 3,759.5 3,093.1 941.8 708.8 489.6 734.3 2,283.7 9,601.8 9,182.8 531.8 147.2 3,880.4 3,193.2 930.2 710.5 489.5 740.1 2,289.4 9,603.6 9,186.0 534.4 146.7 3,923.2 3,231.5 941.6 711.9 491.5 738.9 2,298.5 9,499.9 9,081.8 536.2 147.9 3,907.8 3,214.2 940.0 695.0 488.3 696.4 2,258.9 9,143.6 8,730.6 510.4 140.6 3,618.0 2,961.6 920.0 711.2 487.3 728.1 2,287.4 9,388.4 8,970.0 531.6 146.3 3,748.4 3,073.4 915.3 711.4 487.1 731.4 2,290.2 9,413.9 8,995.5 532.6 146.7 3,767.4 3,090.3 918.7 711.6 489.6 732.8 2,294.0 9,434.1 9,014.1 535.3 148.0 3,778.2 3,097.3 915.3 0.2 2.5 1.4 3.8 20.2 18.6 2.7 1.3 10.8 7.0 -3.4 213.8 918.4 2,014.8 308.0 214.5 928.8 2,213.7 336.2 212.9 928.3 2,167.8 331.1 213.9 930.5 2,076.1 329.4 215.0 910.3 2,101.4 314.8 215.1 921.0 2,161.4 331.0 214.6 919.5 2,162.1 333.8 215.8 924.3 2,162.0 335.2 1.2 4.8 -0.1 1.4 411.4 419.0 417.6 418.1 413.0 418.4 418.4 420.0 1.6 Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . Community care facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,023 3,699.1 19,324.3 15,641.9 7,224.2 2,575.6 937.7 886.0 884.3 263.1 1,384.8 23,429 3,820.3 19,608.3 15,863.2 7,387.8 2,616.4 948.2 910.3 920.1 262.6 1,428.2 23,525 3,860.9 19,664.1 15,901.4 7,411.1 2,621.1 951.0 919.4 924.8 263.0 1,432.3 23,485 3,778.1 19,707.3 15,949.5 7,427.8 2,626.7 957.6 919.2 929.4 265.3 1,432.5 22,871 3,603.6 19,266.9 15,594.5 7,194.7 2,558.9 937.1 884.2 880.5 262.0 1,380.0 23,231 3,658.9 19,572.4 15,833.4 7,361.6 2,606.8 947.2 907.9 919.9 261.8 1,420.2 23,281 3,669.2 19,611.3 15,862.8 7,385.5 2,611.9 949.7 913.5 924.0 262.4 1,426.8 23,309 3,668.9 19,640.5 15,894.2 7,400.3 2,612.6 957.4 916.1 926.7 263.6 1,426.8 28 -0.3 29.2 31.4 14.8 0.7 7.7 2.6 2.7 1.2 0.0 292.7 5,087.3 3,330.4 1,651.1 616.2 302.0 5,144.9 3,330.5 1,630.5 620.9 299.5 5,149.6 3,340.7 1,634.5 624.4 297.1 5,166.9 3,354.8 1,638.9 628.2 291.9 5,077.0 3,322.8 1,645.8 615.8 297.9 5,139.6 3,332.2 1,630.7 622.3 297.2 5,140.4 3,336.9 1,631.9 624.6 297.1 5,152.8 3,341.1 1,631.8 627.5 -0.1 12.4 4.2 -0.1 2.9 899.1 164.0 3,682.4 2,261.8 166.6 336.2 917.8 912.3 166.8 3,745.1 2,312.8 168.6 336.5 927.2 913.5 168.3 3,762.7 2,324.5 169.8 337.5 930.9 918.9 168.8 3,757.8 2,321.9 172.7 336.4 926.8 897.3 163.9 3,672.4 2,262.0 166.0 335.5 908.9 912.4 166.9 3,739.0 2,314.7 169.5 336.9 917.9 912.3 168.1 3,748.5 2,322.0 170.3 337.3 918.9 913.2 168.6 3,746.3 2,319.2 170.9 337.1 919.1 0.9 0.5 -2.2 -2.8 0.6 -0.2 0.2 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 15,394 2,059.8 424.9 15,951 2,244.6 473.7 15,738 2,125.2 452.5 15,703 2,109.4 450.3 15,744 2,245.9 449.8 16,004 2,285.9 467.2 16,021 2,283.1 466.8 16,050 2,286.9 470.3 29 3.8 3.5 153.4 1,481.5 13,334.5 169.4 1,601.5 13,706.7 164.4 1,508.3 13,613.1 164.9 1,494.2 13,593.8 161.4 1,634.7 13,498.4 168.8 1,649.9 13,717.9 171.3 1,645.0 13,737.4 173.5 1,643.1 13,762.8 2.2 -1.9 25.4 Industry Private service-providing - Continued See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Change from: Nov.2017 Dec.2017p Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 1,882.8 11,451.7 1,948.9 11,757.8 1,911.3 11,701.8 1,899.6 11,694.2 1,949.5 11,548.9 1,961.7 11,756.2 1,965.0 11,772.4 1,965.3 11,797.5 0.3 25.1 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership associations and organizations. . . 5,676 1,275.9 1,461.9 2,938.2 5,787 1,299.5 1,504.9 2,982.8 5,790 1,297.6 1,509.6 2,982.5 5,790 1,296.5 1,511.0 2,982.2 5,701 1,287.7 1,462.6 2,950.4 5,789 1,299.6 1,503.2 2,985.8 5,798 1,303.1 1,506.8 2,988.2 5,810 1,304.4 1,510.7 2,994.5 12 1.3 3.9 6.3 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 22,636 2,837.0 2,199.8 637.4 5,190.0 2,524.2 2,665.9 14,609.0 8,246.2 6,363.2 22,684 2,804.0 2,189.6 614.7 5,210.0 2,559.7 2,650.6 14,670.0 8,238.5 6,431.5 22,810 2,794.0 2,180.9 613.4 5,249.0 2,600.9 2,648.2 14,767.0 8,333.5 6,433.1 22,692 2,819.0 2,190.8 628.0 5,177.0 2,530.0 2,646.7 14,696.0 8,293.2 6,402.5 22,299 2,819.0 2,199.7 619.1 5,085.0 2,414.1 2,671.1 14,395.0 7,944.6 6,450.0 22,326 2,807.0 2,191.2 615.6 5,062.0 2,403.5 2,658.4 14,457.0 7,984.7 6,472.2 22,339 2,802.0 2,189.5 612.9 5,070.0 2,411.6 2,657.9 14,467.0 7,987.4 6,479.2 22,341 2,803.0 2,189.9 612.6 5,066.0 2,408.6 2,657.1 14,472.0 7,990.0 6,482.3 2 1.0 0.4 -0.3 -4.0 -3.0 -0.8 5.0 2.6 3.1 Industry Accommodation and food services Continued 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 34.4 40.2 43.7 38.9 40.7 41.2 39.9 33.3 34.4 38.9 31.1 38.8 42.5 36.1 37.4 36.0 32.9 26.0 31.9 34.4 40.4 45.4 39.0 40.9 41.5 40.0 33.3 34.4 39.0 31.0 38.8 42.2 36.3 37.5 36.0 32.9 26.1 31.7 34.5 40.5 45.5 39.1 40.9 41.4 40.2 33.3 34.7 39.2 31.3 39.0 42.2 36.1 37.6 36.0 32.9 26.1 31.7 34.5 40.5 45.8 39.3 40.8 41.4 39.9 33.4 34.6 39.3 31.2 38.9 41.9 36.2 37.6 36.0 33.0 26.2 31.8 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.5 3.4 Industry p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.98 27.24 32.48 28.40 26.33 27.60 24.13 25.68 22.54 29.91 17.97 23.50 38.72 37.45 32.71 31.23 26.02 15.12 23.39 $26.51 27.77 32.66 29.10 26.75 28.02 24.56 26.21 22.90 30.02 18.26 24.07 39.64 38.30 33.66 31.85 26.48 15.55 23.92 $26.54 27.76 32.57 29.17 26.71 28.00 24.49 26.26 22.96 30.22 18.28 24.16 39.46 38.47 33.69 31.90 26.51 15.60 23.99 $26.63 27.81 32.59 29.24 26.74 28.06 24.45 26.35 23.04 30.30 18.34 24.26 39.36 38.59 33.88 32.04 26.58 15.66 24.04 $893.71 1,095.05 1,419.38 1,104.76 1,071.63 1,137.12 962.79 855.14 775.38 1,163.50 558.87 911.80 1,645.60 1,351.95 1,223.35 1,124.28 856.06 393.12 746.14 $911.94 1,121.91 1,482.76 1,134.90 1,094.08 1,162.83 982.40 872.79 787.76 1,170.78 566.06 933.92 1,672.81 1,390.29 1,262.25 1,146.60 871.19 405.86 758.26 $915.63 1,124.28 1,481.94 1,140.55 1,092.44 1,159.20 984.50 874.46 796.71 1,184.62 572.16 942.24 1,665.21 1,388.77 1,266.74 1,148.40 872.18 407.16 760.48 $918.74 1,126.31 1,492.62 1,149.13 1,090.99 1,161.68 975.56 880.09 797.18 1,190.79 572.21 943.71 1,649.18 1,396.96 1,273.89 1,153.44 877.14 410.29 764.47 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2 Industry Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Percent change from: Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106.2 90.7 91.7 91.0 90.4 89.4 92.3 110.6 102.4 99.9 100.3 112.1 102.4 91.1 102.4 115.6 122.9 116.8 104.9 107.6 92.7 103.0 93.2 91.9 91.0 93.7 112.0 102.6 101.1 99.5 113.5 101.0 90.0 104.2 118.2 124.8 119.2 105.8 108.1 93.2 103.9 93.8 92.1 91.1 94.2 112.2 103.6 101.8 100.7 114.3 101.0 89.5 104.6 118.5 125.1 119.3 106.0 108.3 93.5 104.6 94.7 92.0 91.4 93.6 112.6 103.3 102.2 100.2 114.0 100.1 90.0 104.6 118.6 125.6 120.0 106.5 0.2 0.3 0.7 1.0 -0.1 0.3 -0.6 0.4 -0.3 0.4 -0.5 -0.3 -0.9 0.6 0.0 0.1 0.4 0.6 0.5 1 Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Percent change from: Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017p 131.9 111.6 119.6 112.2 110.7 109.6 113.0 138.0 124.2 124.7 119.2 133.7 131.0 121.4 130.7 146.3 153.8 142.5 134.4 136.4 116.4 135.1 117.9 114.3 113.3 116.7 142.6 126.4 126.7 120.2 138.6 132.3 122.7 136.8 152.5 159.0 149.5 138.7 137.2 117.0 135.9 118.9 114.4 113.3 117.1 143.1 128.1 128.3 121.7 140.1 131.7 122.6 137.4 153.1 159.5 150.2 139.3 137.8 117.5 136.9 120.4 114.5 113.8 116.1 144.2 128.1 129.2 121.5 140.4 130.2 123.6 138.3 153.9 160.6 151.6 140.4 0.4 0.4 0.7 1.3 0.1 0.4 -0.9 0.8 0.0 0.7 -0.2 0.2 -1.1 0.8 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.8 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees Industry Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods................................. . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................... . Information........................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................... . Government............................................ . 72,066 59,275 4,348 99 853 3,396 1,809 1,587 54,927 11,084 1,744.0 7,971.9 1,239.4 129.1 1,106 4,746 9,160 17,632 8,196 3,003 12,791 72,757 59,926 4,426 99 881 3,446 1,822 1,624 55,500 10,967 1,753.8 7,839.2 1,246.7 127.0 1,075 4,784 9,398 17,879 8,334 3,063 12,831 72,923 60,083 4,450 101 888 3,461 1,833 1,628 55,633 10,983 1,755.1 7,846.4 1,253.8 127.3 1,073 4,789 9,454 17,905 8,363 3,066 12,840 72,970 60,125 4,457 99 893 3,465 1,833 1,632 55,668 10,965 1,753.2 7,829.2 1,256.2 126.4 1,074 4,787 9,444 17,928 8,394 3,076 12,845 49.6 48.2 22.0 14.8 12.6 27.5 23.5 34.2 53.2 40.5 29.6 50.2 24.6 23.2 40.0 56.7 44.9 77.1 52.1 52.7 57.4 49.5 48.1 22.0 13.7 12.7 27.6 23.4 34.6 53.1 40.0 29.5 49.6 24.4 22.9 39.6 56.4 45.0 77.0 52.1 52.9 57.5 49.5 48.1 22.0 13.9 12.8 27.7 23.4 34.7 53.1 40.0 29.5 49.6 24.5 23.0 39.5 56.4 45.2 76.9 52.2 52.9 57.5 49.5 48.1 22.0 13.6 12.8 27.6 23.4 34.7 53.1 39.9 29.4 49.5 24.5 22.9 39.5 56.3 45.1 76.9 52.3 52.9 57.5 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [In thousands] Industry Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . Wholesale trade.................................................................. . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing............................................... . Utilities............................................................................. . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . 101,372 14,247 468 5,123 8,656 5,300 3,356 87,125 23,009 4,712.5 13,461.8 4,387.6 447.4 2,227 6,512 16,697 20,069 13,886 4,725 102,735 14,475 522 5,189 8,764 5,348 3,416 88,260 23,146 4,763.7 13,487.9 4,449.7 444.8 2,188 6,598 17,028 20,403 14,108 4,789 102,910 14,524 527 5,208 8,789 5,367 3,422 88,386 23,159 4,769.8 13,489.1 4,455.8 444.5 2,184 6,600 17,081 20,450 14,117 4,795 103,033 14,584 532 5,239 8,813 5,388 3,425 88,449 23,166 4,778.7 13,480.1 4,462.5 444.7 2,191 6,602 17,072 20,480 14,137 4,801 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 33.6 41.0 45.5 39.2 41.9 42.3 41.1 32.3 33.6 38.8 29.8 38.6 42.9 35.8 37.0 35.2 32.2 24.8 30.9 33.7 41.2 46.1 39.5 42.0 42.4 41.3 32.5 33.9 39.1 30.3 38.3 42.6 35.8 36.9 35.4 32.3 24.8 30.7 33.8 41.3 46.3 39.7 42.0 42.3 41.4 32.5 34.0 39.1 30.5 38.4 42.5 35.6 37.0 35.4 32.3 24.9 30.8 33.8 41.3 46.4 39.8 41.9 42.4 41.2 32.5 34.0 39.2 30.4 38.5 42.3 35.8 37.0 35.5 32.3 24.9 30.8 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.5 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.3 Industry 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $21.80 22.80 27.36 26.23 20.63 21.63 19.02 21.59 19.19 24.45 15.28 20.91 35.81 30.44 26.32 25.81 22.77 13.04 19.57 $22.20 23.33 27.70 26.90 21.06 22.04 19.49 21.96 19.45 24.75 15.39 21.56 36.14 30.82 26.72 26.24 23.13 13.47 20.18 $22.23 23.36 27.70 26.95 21.07 22.04 19.51 21.99 19.51 24.85 15.45 21.60 36.09 30.96 26.62 26.27 23.19 13.52 20.23 $22.30 23.46 27.86 27.04 21.14 22.10 19.57 22.06 19.55 24.88 15.51 21.58 36.05 30.97 26.75 26.33 23.26 13.58 20.25 $732.48 934.80 1,244.88 1,028.22 864.40 914.95 781.72 697.36 644.78 948.66 455.34 807.13 1,536.25 1,089.75 973.84 908.51 733.19 323.39 604.71 $748.14 961.20 1,276.97 1,062.55 884.52 934.50 804.94 713.70 659.36 967.73 466.32 825.75 1,539.56 1,103.36 985.97 928.90 747.10 334.06 619.53 $751.37 964.77 1,282.51 1,069.92 884.94 932.29 807.71 714.68 663.34 971.64 471.23 829.44 1,533.83 1,102.18 984.94 929.96 749.04 336.65 623.08 $753.74 968.90 1,292.70 1,076.19 885.77 937.04 806.28 716.95 664.70 975.30 471.50 830.83 1,524.92 1,108.73 989.75 934.72 751.30 338.14 623.70 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [2002=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3 Industry Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Percent change from: Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113.5 89.3 113.2 100.6 83.3 84.3 81.3 119.8 107.8 107.7 101.5 127.5 98.2 91.0 113.4 131.7 137.8 126.1 102.4 115.4 91.1 127.9 102.6 84.5 85.2 83.1 122.2 109.4 109.7 103.4 128.3 96.9 89.4 114.6 135.1 140.5 128.2 103.1 115.9 91.7 129.7 103.5 84.7 85.3 83.5 122.3 109.8 109.8 104.1 128.8 96.6 88.7 115.0 135.5 140.8 128.8 103.6 116.0 92.0 131.2 104.4 84.8 85.9 83.1 122.4 109.8 110.3 103.7 129.3 96.2 89.5 115.0 135.8 141.0 128.9 103.7 0.1 0.3 1.2 0.9 0.1 0.7 -0.5 0.1 0.0 0.5 -0.4 0.4 -0.4 0.9 0.0 0.2 0.1 0.1 0.1 1 Dec. 2016 Oct. 2017 Nov. 2017p Dec. 2017p Percent change from: Nov. 2017 Dec. 2017p 165.3 124.6 180.1 142.4 112.3 113.8 109.2 177.4 147.5 155.1 133.0 169.1 146.7 137.1 183.7 202.3 207.1 186.8 146.0 171.1 130.2 206.0 149.1 116.4 117.3 114.5 184.0 151.8 159.9 136.5 175.5 146.2 136.4 188.4 211.0 214.5 196.0 151.6 172.2 131.1 208.9 150.7 116.8 117.4 115.1 184.5 152.8 160.8 137.9 176.5 145.5 136.0 188.3 211.8 215.6 197.7 152.7 172.9 132.2 212.5 152.4 117.2 118.5 115.0 185.2 153.1 161.7 137.9 177.0 144.8 137.3 189.3 212.8 216.5 198.8 153.0 0.4 0.8 1.7 1.1 0.3 0.9 -0.1 0.4 0.2 0.6 0.0 0.3 -0.5 1.0 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.6 0.2 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2016 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.