Full text of The Employment Situation : December 2016
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Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (EST) Friday, January 6, 2017 USDL-17-0004 Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • https://www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • https://www.bls.gov/ces Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — DECEMBER 2016 Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 156,000 in December, and the unemployment rate was little changed at 4.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job growth occurred in health care and social assistance. Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, December 2014 – December 2016 Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, seasonally adjusted, December 2014 – December 2016 Percent Thousands 450 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 8.0 7.0 6.0 5.0 4.0 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 -50 Dec-14 Mar-15 Jun-15 Sep-15 Dec-15 Mar-16 Jun-16 Sep-16 Dec-16 Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal adjustment factors, a procedure done at the end of each calendar year. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2012 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January 2016 through November 2016 (as originally published and as revised) appear in table A on page 5, along with additional information about the revisions. Household Survey Data The unemployment rate, at 4.7 percent, and the number of unemployed persons, at 7.5 million, changed little in December. However, both measures edged down in the fourth quarter, after showing little net change earlier in the year. (See table A-1.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (4.4 percent), adult women (4.3 percent), teenagers (14.7 percent), Whites (4.3 percent), Blacks (7.8 percent), Asians (2.6 percent), and Hispanics (5.9 percent) showed little change in December. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged at 1.8 million in December and accounted for 24.2 percent of the unemployed. In 2016, the number of long-term unemployed declined by 263,000. (See table A-12.) The labor force participation rate, at 62.7 percent, changed little in December and was unchanged over the year. In December, the employment-population ratio was 59.7 percent for the third consecutive month; this measure showed little change, on net, in 2016. (See table A-1.) The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (also referred to as involuntary parttime workers), at 5.6 million, was essentially unchanged in December but was down by 459,000 over the year. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find a full-time job. (See table A-8.) In December, 1.7 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. (See table A-16.) Among the marginally attached, there were 426,000 discouraged workers in December, down by 237,000 from a year earlier. (The data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available to them. The remaining 1.3 million persons marginally attached to the labor force in December had not searched for work for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.) Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 156,000 in December, with an increase in health care and social assistance. Job growth totaled 2.2 million in 2016, less than the increase of 2.7 million in 2015. (See table B-1.) Employment in health care rose by 43,000 in December, with most of the increase occurring in ambulatory health care services (+30,000) and hospitals (+11,000). Health care added an average of 35,000 jobs per month in 2016, roughly in line with the average monthly gain of 39,000 in 2015. Social assistance added 20,000 jobs in December, reflecting job growth in individual and family services (+21,000). In 2016, social assistance added 92,000 jobs, down from an increase of 162,000 in 2015. -2- Employment in food services and drinking places continued to trend up in December (+30,000). This industry added 247,000 jobs in 2016, fewer than the 359,000 jobs gained in 2015. Employment also continued to trend up in transportation and warehousing in December (+15,000). Within the industry, employment expanded by 12,000 in couriers and messengers. In 2016, transportation and warehousing added 62,000 jobs, down from a gain of 110,000 jobs in 2015. Employment in financial activities continued on an upward trend in December (+13,000). This is in line with the average monthly gains for the industry over the past 2 years. In December, employment edged up in manufacturing (+17,000), with a gain of 15,000 in the durable goods component. However, since reaching a recent peak in January, manufacturing employment has declined by 63,000. Employment in professional and business services was little changed in December (+15,000), following an increase of 65,000 in November. The industry added 522,000 jobs in 2016. Employment in other major industries, including mining, construction, wholesale trade, retail trade, information, and government, changed little in December. The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 34.3 hours in December. In manufacturing, the workweek edged up by 0.1 hour to 40.7 hours, and overtime edged up by 0.1 hour to 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) In December, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 10 cents to $26.00, after edging down by 2 cents in November. Over the year, average hourly earnings have risen by 2.9 percent. In December, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to $21.80. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for October was revised down from +142,000 to +135,000, and the change for November was revised up from +178,000 to +204,000. With these revisions, employment gains in October and November were 19,000 higher than previously reported. Over the past 3 months, job gains have averaged 165,000 per month. _____________ The Employment Situation for January is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 3, 2017, at 8:30 a.m. (EST). -3- Upcoming Changes to the Establishment Survey Data Effective with the release of January 2017 data on February 3, 2017, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program will begin using an improved methodology to select models for annual seasonal adjustment processing. See https://www.bls.gov/ces/cestramo.htm for more information. Revision of Establishment Survey Data Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2017 on February 3, 2017, the Current Employment Statistics (CES) survey will introduce revisions to nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustment for March 2016 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Not seasonally adjusted data beginning with April 2015 and seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 2012 are subject to revision. Consistent with standard practice, some historical data may be subject to minor revisions resulting from issues identified during the benchmark process. Upcoming Changes to the Household Survey Effective with the release of The Employment Situation for January 2017 on February 3, 2017, new population controls will be used in the Current Population Survey (CPS) estimation process. These new controls reflect the annual updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. In accordance with usual practice, historical data will not be revised to incorporate the new controls; consequently, household survey data for January 2017 will not be directly comparable with data for December 2016 or earlier periods. A table showing the effects of the new controls on the major labor force series will be included in the January 2017 release. -4- Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. As a result of this process, seasonally adjusted data for January 2012 through November 2016 were subject to revision. Table A shows the unemployment rates for January 2016 through November 2016, as first published and as revised. The rates changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in 2 of the 11 months and were unchanged in the remaining 9 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series beginning in December 2015 appear in table B. An article describing the seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised data for January 2016 through November 2016 is available at https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cps-seas-adjustment-methodology.pdf. Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed at https://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted data are available at https://www.bls.gov/cps/data.htm and https://download.bls.gov/pub/time.series/ln/. Table A. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 2016 and changes due to revision January - November 2016 As first Change Month As revised published January ......................................... February ....................................... March .......................................... April ............................................. May ............................................. June .............................................. July .............................................. August .......................................... September .................................... October ........................................ November .................................... 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 -5- 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .0 -.1 -.1 .0 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table B. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] 2015 Employment status, sex, and age Dec. 2016 Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 251,936 252,397 252,577 252,768 252,969 253,174 253,397 253,620 253,854 254,091 254,321 254,540 254,742 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157,957 158,362 158,888 159,278 158,938 158,510 158,889 159,295 159,508 159,830 159,643 159,456 159,640 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 62.7 62.9 63.0 62.8 62.6 62.7 62.8 62.8 62.9 62.8 62.6 62.7 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150,030 150,533 151,043 151,301 151,028 151,058 151,090 151,546 151,655 151,926 151,902 152,048 152,111 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 59.6 59.6 59.8 59.9 59.7 59.7 59.6 59.8 59.7 59.8 59.7 59.7 59.7 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,927 7,829 7,845 7,977 7,910 7,451 7,799 7,749 7,853 7,904 7,740 7,409 7,529 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.0 4.9 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.7 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.7 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 113,241 113,483 113,566 113,653 113,746 113,844 113,951 114,058 114,173 114,289 114,401 114,506 114,603 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,000 81,319 81,681 81,800 81,743 81,420 81,782 81,818 81,835 81,988 81,967 81,817 81,983 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.5 71.7 71.9 72.0 71.9 71.5 71.8 71.7 71.7 71.7 71.6 71.5 71.5 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77,213 77,670 77,974 78,066 77,993 77,926 78,098 78,042 78,142 78,191 78,232 78,330 78,379 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 68.2 68.4 68.7 68.7 68.6 68.4 68.5 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 68.4 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,787 3,648 3,707 3,734 3,750 3,493 3,684 3,775 3,693 3,798 3,735 3,486 3,605 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . 122,071 122,263 122,345 122,433 122,524 122,622 122,728 122,835 122,949 123,066 123,179 123,285 123,383 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71,109 71,205 71,289 71,617 71,316 71,226 71,310 71,588 71,674 71,856 71,784 71,737 71,831 Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.3 58.2 58.3 58.5 58.2 58.1 58.1 58.3 58.3 58.4 58.3 58.2 58.2 Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67,920 67,959 68,071 68,303 68,099 68,218 68,116 68,534 68,452 68,702 68,698 68,712 68,760 Employment-population ratio. . . . . . 55.6 55.6 55.6 55.8 55.6 55.6 55.5 55.8 55.7 55.8 55.8 55.7 55.7 Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,189 3,246 3,218 3,314 3,218 3,008 3,194 3,054 3,223 3,154 3,085 3,025 3,071 Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.6 4.5 4.2 4.5 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population1. . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,624 5,848 35.2 4,898 29.5 951 16.3 16,651 5,838 35.1 4,904 29.5 934 16.0 16,666 5,918 35.5 4,997 30.0 921 15.6 16,682 5,861 35.1 4,931 29.6 929 15.9 16,699 5,879 35.2 4,936 29.6 943 16.0 16,708 5,864 35.1 4,914 29.4 950 16.2 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. -6- 16,718 5,798 34.7 4,877 29.2 921 15.9 16,728 5,889 35.2 4,969 29.7 920 15.6 16,732 5,999 35.9 5,062 30.3 937 15.6 16,737 5,987 35.8 5,034 30.1 953 15.9 16,741 5,892 35.2 4,972 29.7 920 15.6 16,749 5,903 35.2 5,006 29.9 897 15.2 16,756 5,826 34.8 4,972 29.7 854 14.7 HOUSEHOLD DATA Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Category Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Change from: Nov. 2016Dec. 2016 Dec. 2016 Employment status Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force.......................................................... . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed.................................................................. . Employment-population ratio......................................... . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,936 157,957 62.7 150,030 59.6 7,927 5.0 93,978 254,321 159,643 62.8 151,902 59.7 7,740 4.8 94,678 254,540 159,456 62.6 152,048 59.7 7,409 4.6 95,084 254,742 159,640 62.7 152,111 59.7 7,529 4.7 95,102 202 184 0.1 63 0.0 120 0.1 18 Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ . 5.0 4.7 4.5 16.3 4.5 8.4 4.0 6.2 4.8 4.6 4.3 15.6 4.3 8.6 3.4 5.7 4.6 4.3 4.2 15.2 4.2 8.0 3.0 5.7 4.7 4.4 4.3 14.7 4.3 7.8 2.6 5.9 0.1 0.1 0.1 -0.5 0.1 -0.2 -0.4 0.2 Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. . 4.0 6.7 5.5 4.2 2.5 4.0 7.4 5.5 3.8 2.6 3.9 7.9 4.9 3.9 2.3 3.9 7.9 5.1 3.8 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.2 -0.1 0.2 Reason for unemployment Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers..................................................................... . Reentrants...................................................................... . New entrants................................................................... . 3,799 817 2,486 860 3,749 945 2,339 791 3,542 934 2,266 728 3,639 905 2,219 783 97 -29 -47 55 Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. . 15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 weeks and over............................................................ . 2,413 2,211 1,233 2,094 2,393 2,273 1,167 1,964 2,415 2,133 1,073 1,856 2,379 2,156 1,199 1,831 -36 23 126 -25 Employed persons at work part time Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... . 6,057 3,589 2,175 20,173 5,850 3,481 2,093 20,765 5,659 3,485 1,902 21,059 5,598 3,401 1,873 21,251 -61 -84 -29 192 Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted) Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers....................................................... . 1,833 663 1,700 487 1,932 591 1,684 426 – – - Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 271 259 44 -10 48 6 -2 0.1 8 215 3.8 6.6 16.5 0.9 10 8 60 24.9 63 46.7 35 12 12 135 146 8 -2 14 -4 4 1.1 -8 138 7.0 -2.3 13.0 0.7 -2 8 42 5.2 50 42.9 20 1 -11 204 198 13 3 17 -7 -4 2.3 -3 185 4.8 19.5 11.4 -0.2 -12 8 65 23.8 43 34.6 37 9 6 156 144 12 -2 -3 17 15 2.9 2 132 2.0 6.3 14.7 0.2 -6 13 15 -15.5 70 63.3 24 -8 12 (3-month average change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 281 173 161 182 183 165 163 Category WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2 Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES Total private Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)5 Total private (262 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing (79 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 49.4 47.9 82.4 49.6 48.2 82.3 49.6 48.2 82.3 49.6 48.2 82.3 34.5 $25.26 $871.47 104.9 0.3 126.6 0.2 34.4 $25.92 $891.65 106.0 0.2 131.3 0.5 34.3 $25.90 $888.37 105.8 -0.2 131.0 -0.2 34.3 $26.00 $891.80 106.0 0.2 131.7 0.5 62.0 55.1 59.0 48.1 55.7 44.3 57.1 48.7 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. 4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. 5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release. 3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 146,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 623,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the 2012 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity. Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000 (50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from -0.7 percent to 0.6 percent. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251,936 157,245 62.4 149,703 59.4 7,542 4.8 94,691 5,705 254,540 159,451 62.6 152,385 59.9 7,066 4.4 95,089 5,524 254,742 158,968 62.4 151,798 59.6 7,170 4.5 95,774 5,449 251,936 157,957 62.7 150,030 59.6 7,927 5.0 93,978 5,920 253,854 159,508 62.8 151,655 59.7 7,853 4.9 94,346 5,841 254,091 159,830 62.9 151,926 59.8 7,904 4.9 94,261 6,082 254,321 159,643 62.8 151,902 59.7 7,740 4.8 94,678 5,889 254,540 159,456 62.6 152,048 59.7 7,409 4.6 95,084 5,837 254,742 159,640 62.7 152,111 59.7 7,529 4.7 95,102 5,662 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121,671 83,439 68.6 79,158 65.1 4,280 5.1 38,233 122,998 84,628 68.8 80,763 65.7 3,865 4.6 38,370 123,099 84,463 68.6 80,368 65.3 4,095 4.8 38,636 121,671 83,959 69.0 79,650 65.5 4,310 5.1 37,712 122,656 84,902 69.2 80,669 65.8 4,234 5.0 37,754 122,775 85,042 69.3 80,735 65.8 4,307 5.1 37,732 122,889 84,994 69.2 80,717 65.7 4,278 5.0 37,895 122,998 84,860 69.0 80,826 65.7 4,034 4.8 38,139 123,099 84,979 69.0 80,861 65.7 4,118 4.8 38,120 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,241 80,663 71.2 76,827 67.8 3,836 4.8 32,578 114,506 81,751 71.4 78,405 68.5 3,347 4.1 32,755 114,603 81,640 71.2 77,984 68.0 3,656 4.5 32,963 113,241 81,000 71.5 77,213 68.2 3,787 4.7 32,241 114,173 81,835 71.7 78,142 68.4 3,693 4.5 32,338 114,289 81,988 71.7 78,191 68.4 3,798 4.6 32,301 114,401 81,967 71.6 78,232 68.4 3,735 4.6 32,434 114,506 81,817 71.5 78,330 68.4 3,486 4.3 32,690 114,603 81,983 71.5 78,379 68.4 3,605 4.4 32,620 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,265 73,807 56.7 70,544 54.2 3,262 4.4 56,458 131,542 74,823 56.9 71,622 54.4 3,201 4.3 56,719 131,643 74,505 56.6 71,430 54.3 3,075 4.1 57,138 130,265 73,998 56.8 70,381 54.0 3,618 4.9 56,266 131,198 74,605 56.9 70,986 54.1 3,619 4.9 56,593 131,317 74,788 57.0 71,191 54.2 3,597 4.8 56,529 131,432 74,648 56.8 71,185 54.2 3,463 4.6 56,783 131,542 74,597 56.7 71,222 54.1 3,375 4.5 56,945 131,643 74,661 56.7 71,250 54.1 3,411 4.6 56,982 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,071 71,055 58.2 68,131 55.8 2,924 4.1 51,016 123,285 72,109 58.5 69,203 56.1 2,906 4.0 51,176 123,383 71,794 58.2 68,984 55.9 2,810 3.9 51,589 122,071 71,109 58.3 67,920 55.6 3,189 4.5 50,962 122,949 71,674 58.3 68,452 55.7 3,223 4.5 51,275 123,066 71,856 58.4 68,702 55.8 3,154 4.4 51,210 123,179 71,784 58.3 68,698 55.8 3,085 4.3 51,395 123,285 71,737 58.2 68,712 55.7 3,025 4.2 51,548 123,383 71,831 58.2 68,760 55.7 3,071 4.3 51,552 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,624 5,527 33.2 4,745 28.5 782 14.2 11,096 16,749 5,591 33.4 4,778 28.5 814 14.6 11,158 16,756 5,534 33.0 4,831 28.8 704 12.7 11,221 16,624 5,848 35.2 4,898 29.5 951 16.3 10,775 16,732 5,999 35.9 5,062 30.3 937 15.6 10,733 16,737 5,987 35.8 5,034 30.1 953 15.9 10,750 16,741 5,892 35.2 4,972 29.7 920 15.6 10,849 16,749 5,903 35.2 5,006 29.9 897 15.2 10,846 16,756 5,826 34.8 4,972 29.7 854 14.7 10,930 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 197,471 123,401 62.5 118,157 59.8 5,244 4.2 74,070 198,745 124,549 62.7 119,680 60.2 4,869 3.9 74,197 198,845 124,081 62.4 118,992 59.8 5,090 4.1 74,764 197,471 123,941 62.8 118,409 60.0 5,532 4.5 73,530 198,380 124,736 62.9 119,269 60.1 5,466 4.4 73,644 198,509 124,826 62.9 119,391 60.1 5,435 4.4 73,683 198,633 124,700 62.8 119,310 60.1 5,391 4.3 73,932 198,745 124,578 62.7 119,370 60.1 5,208 4.2 74,168 198,845 124,616 62.7 119,263 60.0 5,354 4.3 74,229 64,506 71.5 61,788 68.5 2,718 4.2 65,096 71.7 62,716 69.0 2,380 3.7 64,895 71.4 62,194 68.4 2,700 4.2 64,755 71.8 62,056 68.8 2,698 4.2 65,207 71.9 62,536 69.0 2,671 4.1 65,283 72.0 62,589 69.0 2,693 4.1 65,259 71.9 62,592 68.9 2,668 4.1 65,124 71.7 62,608 68.9 2,516 3.9 65,146 71.7 62,476 68.7 2,669 4.1 54,560 57.4 52,596 55.4 1,964 3.6 55,065 57.6 53,168 55.6 1,897 3.4 54,856 57.4 52,966 55.4 1,890 3.4 54,567 57.5 52,435 55.2 2,132 3.9 54,863 57.5 52,720 55.3 2,143 3.9 54,871 57.5 52,799 55.3 2,072 3.8 54,852 57.4 52,774 55.3 2,078 3.8 54,808 57.4 52,783 55.2 2,026 3.7 54,872 57.4 52,813 55.2 2,059 3.8 4,335 35.2 3,773 30.6 562 13.0 4,388 35.5 3,796 30.7 593 13.5 4,330 35.1 3,832 31.0 499 11.5 4,620 37.5 3,917 31.8 702 15.2 4,665 37.8 4,013 32.5 652 14.0 4,672 37.8 4,002 32.4 670 14.3 4,589 37.2 3,944 31.9 645 14.1 4,645 37.6 3,979 32.2 666 14.3 4,599 37.2 3,974 32.2 625 13.6 31,594 19,359 61.3 17,795 56.3 1,565 8.1 12,235 32,068 19,916 62.1 18,361 57.3 1,555 7.8 12,152 32,105 19,779 61.6 18,307 57.0 1,472 7.4 12,327 31,594 19,444 61.5 17,802 56.3 1,641 8.4 12,150 31,945 19,767 61.9 18,170 56.9 1,597 8.1 12,178 31,987 19,826 62.0 18,181 56.8 1,646 8.3 12,161 32,028 19,801 61.8 18,104 56.5 1,696 8.6 12,228 32,068 19,856 61.9 18,262 56.9 1,594 8.0 12,212 32,105 19,844 61.8 18,292 57.0 1,552 7.8 12,261 8,759 66.7 7,994 60.9 764 8.7 9,009 67.4 8,355 62.5 655 7.3 9,023 67.4 8,337 62.3 686 7.6 8,791 66.9 8,027 61.1 764 8.7 8,950 67.3 8,269 62.2 680 7.6 9,000 67.5 8,264 62.0 736 8.2 9,011 67.5 8,223 61.6 789 8.8 9,018 67.5 8,328 62.3 691 7.7 9,056 67.7 8,366 62.5 690 7.6 9,890 61.9 9,240 57.9 650 6.6 10,226 63.2 9,496 58.7 730 7.1 10,088 62.2 9,459 58.4 629 6.2 9,911 62.1 9,206 57.7 705 7.1 10,025 62.2 9,316 57.8 709 7.1 10,074 62.4 9,370 58.0 703 7.0 10,079 62.3 9,367 57.9 712 7.1 10,135 62.6 9,418 58.2 716 7.1 10,094 62.3 9,410 58.1 683 6.8 710 28.5 560 22.5 150 21.2 681 27.0 510 20.3 171 25.0 668 26.5 511 20.3 157 23.5 742 29.8 569 22.9 173 23.3 792 31.5 585 23.3 207 26.2 752 29.9 546 21.7 206 27.4 710 28.2 515 20.5 196 27.5 703 27.9 516 20.5 187 26.6 694 27.6 515 20.5 178 25.7 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dec. 2015 14,553 9,185 63.1 8,821 60.6 365 4.0 5,367 Nov. 2016 15,323 9,584 62.5 9,292 60.6 292 3.0 5,739 Dec. 2016 15,433 9,681 62.7 9,428 61.1 253 2.6 5,752 Dec. 2015 14,553 9,183 63.1 8,816 60.6 367 4.0 5,370 Aug. 2016 15,304 9,702 63.4 9,293 60.7 409 4.2 5,603 Sept. 2016 15,310 9,760 63.7 9,381 61.3 379 3.9 5,550 Oct. 2016 15,344 9,797 63.8 9,462 61.7 334 3.4 5,547 Nov. 2016 15,323 9,634 62.9 9,342 61.0 292 3.0 5,690 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Dec. 2016 15,433 9,678 62.7 9,423 61.1 256 2.6 5,755 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 40,090 26,210 65.4 24,591 61.3 1,619 6.2 13,881 41,102 27,066 65.8 25,540 62.1 1,526 5.6 14,037 41,190 27,032 65.6 25,450 61.8 1,582 5.9 14,158 40,090 26,258 65.5 24,626 61.4 1,631 6.2 13,833 40,825 26,988 66.1 25,460 62.4 1,528 5.7 13,838 40,919 27,063 66.1 25,331 61.9 1,732 6.4 13,856 41,011 26,931 65.7 25,389 61.9 1,542 5.7 14,080 41,102 26,990 65.7 25,448 61.9 1,541 5.7 14,113 41,190 27,079 65.7 25,486 61.9 1,594 5.9 14,111 14,475 80.1 13,639 75.4 835 5.8 14,932 80.6 14,162 76.4 770 5.2 14,832 79.9 14,059 75.7 773 5.2 14,464 80.0 13,681 75.7 783 5.4 14,895 80.9 14,176 77.0 719 4.8 14,833 80.4 14,035 76.1 798 5.4 14,861 80.4 14,118 76.4 743 5.0 14,881 80.3 14,113 76.2 768 5.2 14,821 79.8 14,102 75.9 720 4.9 10,608 58.0 9,979 54.6 629 5.9 11,035 58.8 10,476 55.8 559 5.1 11,062 58.8 10,435 55.5 627 5.7 10,630 58.2 9,969 54.5 661 6.2 10,957 58.8 10,322 55.4 635 5.8 11,001 58.9 10,296 55.1 705 6.4 10,912 58.3 10,314 55.1 598 5.5 10,971 58.5 10,411 55.5 560 5.1 11,083 58.9 10,424 55.4 659 5.9 1,127 30.2 972 26.1 154 13.7 1,099 28.8 902 23.7 196 17.9 1,138 29.8 956 25.1 182 16.0 1,164 31.2 976 26.2 188 16.1 1,136 30.0 962 25.4 174 15.3 1,229 32.4 1,000 26.3 229 18.6 1,158 30.5 958 25.2 200 17.3 1,138 29.9 924 24.3 214 18.8 1,175 30.8 960 25.2 215 18.3 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,810 45.3 10,067 42.2 742 6.9 10,678 45.5 9,858 42.0 820 7.7 10,461 44.9 9,621 41.3 840 8.0 10,854 45.4 10,128 42.4 726 6.7 10,789 46.4 10,006 43.0 783 7.3 10,803 45.6 9,881 41.7 922 8.5 10,657 45.3 9,872 42.0 784 7.4 10,587 45.1 9,753 41.5 834 7.9 10,483 45.0 9,660 41.4 823 7.9 High school graduates, no college1 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34,720 56.9 32,765 53.7 1,955 5.6 35,873 57.8 34,175 55.1 1,698 4.7 35,535 57.5 33,710 54.6 1,825 5.1 34,819 57.1 32,890 53.9 1,928 5.5 35,796 57.1 33,984 54.2 1,812 5.1 35,720 57.4 33,877 54.4 1,843 5.2 35,871 57.8 33,912 54.6 1,959 5.5 35,833 57.7 34,068 54.9 1,765 4.9 35,661 57.7 33,860 54.8 1,801 5.1 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37,679 66.2 36,179 63.6 1,500 4.0 38,110 66.3 36,684 63.8 1,426 3.7 38,188 66.0 36,795 63.6 1,394 3.6 37,799 66.4 36,220 63.6 1,579 4.2 37,612 66.6 36,023 63.8 1,589 4.2 37,963 67.2 36,378 64.4 1,584 4.2 38,119 66.4 36,666 63.9 1,453 3.8 38,189 66.4 36,702 63.8 1,486 3.9 38,244 66.1 36,773 63.6 1,472 3.8 Bachelor’s degree and higher2 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53,202 74.2 51,970 72.5 1,231 2.3 54,054 73.9 52,867 72.3 1,187 2.2 54,095 73.6 52,843 71.9 1,252 2.3 53,164 74.1 51,854 72.3 1,310 2.5 54,053 74.1 52,600 72.1 1,453 2.7 54,310 74.2 52,942 72.3 1,367 2.5 54,064 74.1 52,683 72.2 1,380 2.6 53,899 73.7 52,656 72.0 1,243 2.3 54,032 73.6 52,699 71.7 1,333 2.5 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Dec. 2015 Men Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Women Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 VETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21,059 10,745 51.0 10,231 48.6 514 4.8 10,314 20,757 10,434 50.3 10,009 48.2 424 4.1 10,323 19,053 9,507 49.9 9,030 47.4 478 5.0 9,546 18,735 9,210 49.2 8,822 47.1 388 4.2 9,525 2,006 1,237 61.7 1,201 59.9 36 2.9 769 2,022 1,224 60.5 1,187 58.7 36 3.0 798 Gulf War-era II veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,677 3,041 82.7 2,868 78.0 173 5.7 636 4,038 3,341 82.7 3,152 78.1 189 5.7 697 3,017 2,556 84.7 2,406 79.8 150 5.9 460 3,334 2,836 85.1 2,669 80.0 167 5.9 498 660 485 73.4 462 70.0 22 4.6 175 704 505 71.7 483 68.6 22 4.3 199 Gulf War-era I veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,458 2,725 78.8 2,590 74.9 135 5.0 733 3,309 2,613 79.0 2,540 76.8 74 2.8 695 2,938 2,363 80.4 2,228 75.8 135 5.7 575 2,799 2,252 80.5 2,182 78.0 70 3.1 547 520 362 69.7 362 69.7 0 0.0 158 510 361 70.9 358 70.2 4 1.0 149 World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,705 2,255 25.9 2,179 25.0 76 3.4 6,450 8,308 1,875 22.6 1,796 21.6 79 4.2 6,433 8,394 2,174 25.9 2,107 25.1 67 3.1 6,220 8,010 1,812 22.6 1,740 21.7 73 4.0 6,198 311 80 25.8 72 23.1 9 10.7 231 298 62 20.9 56 18.8 6 – 236 Veterans of other service periods Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,219 2,724 52.2 2,594 49.7 130 4.8 2,495 5,102 2,605 51.1 2,522 49.4 83 3.2 2,497 4,704 2,414 51.3 2,288 48.6 125 5.2 2,290 4,592 2,310 50.3 2,232 48.6 78 3.4 2,282 515 310 60.2 305 59.2 5 1.6 205 510 295 57.9 290 56.9 5 1.7 215 NONVETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 221,985 144,625 65.2 137,878 62.1 6,748 4.7 77,360 224,879 146,581 65.2 140,128 62.3 6,454 4.4 78,297 98,160 72,999 74.4 69,367 70.7 3,632 5.0 25,161 99,823 74,321 74.5 70,793 70.9 3,528 4.7 25,502 123,825 71,626 57.8 68,510 55.3 3,116 4.4 52,199 125,055 72,260 57.8 69,335 55.4 2,925 4.0 52,795 NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Persons with a disability Employment status, sex, and age Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 Persons with no disability Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 TOTAL, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 29,447 5,660 19.2 5,076 17.2 584 10.3 23,787 30,131 6,054 20.1 5,509 18.3 545 9.0 24,077 222,489 151,585 68.1 144,627 65.0 6,958 4.6 70,904 224,611 152,914 68.1 146,289 65.1 6,625 4.3 71,697 Men, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,447 32.4 2,136 28.3 312 12.7 5,110 2,650 34.6 2,379 31.1 271 10.2 5,001 76,148 81.9 72,342 77.8 3,806 5.0 16,858 76,792 82.0 73,182 78.2 3,610 4.7 16,836 Women, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 2,237 27.9 2,005 25.0 232 10.4 5,781 2,347 28.9 2,152 26.5 195 8.3 5,763 67,563 70.3 64,668 67.3 2,895 4.3 28,523 67,993 70.4 65,264 67.6 2,729 4.0 28,522 Both sexes, 65 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 976 7.0 936 6.7 40 4.1 12,897 1,057 7.4 978 6.8 79 7.4 13,312 7,874 23.6 7,616 22.8 257 3.3 25,523 8,128 23.6 7,842 22.8 286 3.5 26,340 NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status and nativity Dec. 2015 Men Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Women Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 Foreign born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 40,737 26,681 65.5 25,426 62.4 1,255 4.7 14,056 41,623 27,062 65.0 25,881 62.2 1,181 4.4 14,561 19,959 15,540 77.9 14,859 74.5 681 4.4 4,419 20,196 15,560 77.0 14,945 74.0 615 4.0 4,636 20,778 11,141 53.6 10,567 50.9 574 5.2 9,638 21,427 11,501 53.7 10,935 51.0 566 4.9 9,925 Native born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 211,199 130,564 61.8 124,277 58.8 6,287 4.8 80,635 213,119 131,906 61.9 125,917 59.1 5,989 4.5 81,213 101,713 67,898 66.8 64,299 63.2 3,599 5.3 33,814 102,903 68,903 67.0 65,423 63.6 3,480 5.1 34,000 109,486 62,666 57.2 59,978 54.8 2,688 4.3 46,820 110,217 63,004 57.2 60,495 54.9 2,509 4.0 47,213 NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Category CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government.................................... . Private industries.............................. . Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other industries............................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2 All industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 2,273 1,482 760 32 147,430 138,989 20,905 118,083 735 117,348 8,386 55 2,366 1,535 796 34 150,020 141,210 21,114 120,096 717 119,380 8,757 53 2,180 1,366 797 18 149,617 140,753 21,029 119,724 680 119,044 8,800 64 2,455 1,594 819 – 147,635 139,025 20,755 118,278 – 117,511 8,576 – 2,505 1,597 874 – 149,170 140,431 20,701 119,682 – 118,932 8,631 – 2,429 1,522 890 – 149,526 140,739 20,809 119,990 – 119,241 8,599 – 2,317 1,493 817 – 149,604 140,806 20,698 120,073 – 119,325 8,731 – 2,431 1,559 833 – 149,752 140,968 20,938 120,016 – 119,290 8,716 – 2,356 1,470 857 – 149,811 140,773 20,865 119,916 – 119,206 8,991 – 6,179 3,678 2,129 20,585 5,518 3,391 1,853 22,084 5,707 3,478 1,828 21,711 6,057 3,589 2,175 20,173 6,027 3,736 1,907 20,575 5,874 3,587 1,972 20,742 5,850 3,481 2,093 20,765 5,659 3,485 1,902 21,059 5,598 3,401 1,873 21,251 6,046 3,594 2,123 20,294 5,411 3,327 1,832 21,757 5,561 3,362 1,824 21,335 5,948 3,531 2,164 19,888 5,903 3,599 1,903 20,261 5,770 3,510 1,959 20,409 5,748 3,415 2,082 20,455 5,550 3,424 1,870 20,696 5,476 3,310 1,862 20,818 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. 3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. 4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Characteristic Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149,703 4,745 1,594 3,151 144,958 13,975 130,983 96,968 32,987 31,430 32,551 34,014 152,385 4,778 1,590 3,187 147,608 14,024 133,584 98,751 34,056 31,870 32,824 34,833 151,798 4,831 1,661 3,170 146,967 13,999 132,968 98,417 34,219 31,564 32,634 34,551 150,030 4,898 1,656 3,245 145,132 14,044 131,093 97,054 32,951 31,479 32,625 34,039 151,655 5,062 1,814 3,243 146,593 14,138 132,473 97,912 33,944 31,410 32,558 34,560 151,926 5,034 1,832 3,186 146,892 14,004 132,845 98,205 33,979 31,567 32,659 34,641 151,902 4,972 1,665 3,283 146,930 13,889 133,100 98,442 33,934 31,604 32,904 34,658 152,048 5,006 1,682 3,318 147,042 14,000 133,166 98,453 33,952 31,741 32,760 34,713 152,111 4,972 1,723 3,253 147,139 14,071 133,065 98,495 34,185 31,611 32,698 34,570 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79,158 2,332 761 1,570 76,827 7,090 69,737 51,774 17,777 16,882 17,115 17,963 80,763 2,359 716 1,642 78,405 7,171 71,233 52,760 18,254 17,187 17,319 18,473 80,368 2,384 753 1,631 77,984 7,152 70,832 52,529 18,328 16,988 17,213 18,303 79,650 2,437 790 1,647 77,213 7,181 70,011 51,977 17,819 16,950 17,208 18,033 80,669 2,527 882 1,642 78,142 7,223 70,907 52,426 18,240 17,004 17,182 18,481 80,735 2,545 840 1,714 78,191 7,188 70,969 52,515 18,237 16,979 17,299 18,454 80,717 2,485 754 1,725 78,232 7,122 71,128 52,627 18,223 17,038 17,365 18,502 80,826 2,495 769 1,728 78,330 7,206 71,186 52,700 18,228 17,137 17,334 18,486 80,861 2,482 786 1,699 78,379 7,246 71,114 52,737 18,374 17,054 17,309 18,377 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70,544 2,413 833 1,580 68,131 6,885 61,246 45,194 15,210 14,548 15,437 16,051 71,622 2,419 874 1,545 69,203 6,852 62,351 45,990 15,802 14,683 15,505 16,361 71,430 2,446 908 1,538 68,984 6,847 62,136 45,889 15,891 14,577 15,421 16,248 70,381 2,461 866 1,597 67,920 6,862 61,082 45,077 15,131 14,529 15,417 16,005 70,986 2,535 932 1,601 68,452 6,915 61,565 45,486 15,704 14,406 15,376 16,079 71,191 2,489 992 1,472 68,702 6,816 61,877 45,690 15,743 14,588 15,359 16,187 71,185 2,487 911 1,558 68,698 6,767 61,972 45,815 15,710 14,566 15,539 16,157 71,222 2,510 914 1,590 68,712 6,794 61,981 45,753 15,724 14,603 15,426 16,227 71,250 2,490 938 1,554 68,760 6,825 61,951 45,758 15,812 14,557 15,389 16,193 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,162 35,318 9,853 45,294 35,653 9,935 45,254 35,712 9,998 45,166 35,080 – 45,441 35,354 – 45,647 35,495 – 45,331 35,404 – 45,268 35,342 – 45,252 35,478 – FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,013 27,689 123,960 28,425 123,570 28,228 122,700 27,370 124,256 27,222 124,253 27,684 124,190 27,770 124,213 27,854 124,248 27,895 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,855 5.2 8,107 5.3 7,675 5.1 7,743 5.2 7,573 5.0 7,845 5.2 7,758 5.1 7,812 5.1 7,554 5.0 SELF-EMPLOYMENT Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,842 9,146 5,898 9,553 5,835 9,596 – 9,395 – 9,504 – 9,488 – 9,549 – 9,549 – 9,848 1 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Characteristic Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,927 951 352 596 6,977 1,451 5,517 4,400 1,857 1,307 1,235 1,127 7,409 897 372 551 6,511 1,232 5,333 4,053 1,717 1,164 1,172 1,273 7,529 854 368 490 6,675 1,255 5,412 4,130 1,699 1,305 1,127 1,287 5.0 16.3 17.5 15.5 4.6 9.4 4.0 4.3 5.3 4.0 3.6 3.2 4.9 15.6 16.8 15.1 4.5 8.1 4.1 4.3 5.2 4.1 3.6 3.5 4.9 15.9 17.4 15.3 4.5 8.2 4.1 4.3 5.1 4.1 3.6 3.6 4.8 15.6 19.8 13.5 4.4 8.4 4.0 4.1 5.1 3.9 3.4 3.7 4.6 15.2 18.1 14.2 4.2 8.1 3.9 4.0 4.8 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.7 14.7 17.6 13.1 4.3 8.2 3.9 4.0 4.7 4.0 3.3 3.6 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,310 522 201 309 3,787 805 2,988 2,333 1,044 670 619 655 4,034 548 234 332 3,486 724 2,810 2,129 927 616 585 681 4,118 513 210 296 3,605 737 2,873 2,166 914 680 572 707 5.1 17.6 20.3 15.8 4.7 10.1 4.1 4.3 5.5 3.8 3.5 3.5 5.0 17.6 18.3 17.4 4.5 9.3 4.0 4.1 5.0 3.8 3.5 3.6 5.1 16.7 19.1 15.6 4.6 9.2 4.2 4.3 5.2 4.1 3.5 3.9 5.0 17.9 22.0 16.2 4.6 9.7 4.0 4.1 5.1 3.8 3.2 3.9 4.8 18.0 23.3 16.1 4.3 9.1 3.8 3.9 4.8 3.5 3.3 3.6 4.8 17.1 21.1 14.8 4.4 9.2 3.9 3.9 4.7 3.8 3.2 3.7 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,618 428 151 287 3,189 645 2,529 2,067 813 638 616 496 3,375 350 138 218 3,025 508 2,523 1,924 790 548 586 577 3,411 340 158 194 3,071 517 2,539 1,964 784 624 555 596 4.9 14.8 14.8 15.2 4.5 8.6 4.0 4.4 5.1 4.2 3.8 3.0 4.9 13.5 15.3 12.6 4.5 6.8 4.3 4.6 5.4 4.4 3.8 3.4 4.8 15.1 15.8 14.9 4.4 7.0 4.1 4.4 5.1 4.2 3.7 3.3 4.6 13.2 18.0 10.2 4.3 6.9 4.0 4.2 5.0 4.1 3.6 3.5 4.5 12.2 13.1 12.1 4.2 7.0 3.9 4.0 4.8 3.6 3.7 3.4 4.6 12.0 14.4 11.1 4.3 7.0 3.9 4.1 4.7 4.1 3.5 3.6 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present..................... . Married women, spouse present. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,254 1,099 607 1,264 988 657 1,275 1,070 621 2.7 3.0 5.8 2.7 3.0 7.9 2.9 3.0 6.4 2.8 3.0 6.1 2.7 2.7 6.2 2.7 2.9 5.8 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,596 1,328 6,159 1,305 6,094 1,435 5.1 4.6 4.9 5.0 5.0 4.9 4.8 5.0 4.7 4.5 4.7 4.9 1 Not seasonally adjusted. Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 3 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Reason Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 3,820 1,000 2,820 2,006 814 762 2,239 721 3,271 723 2,548 1,838 710 936 2,188 671 3,668 1,117 2,550 1,863 687 842 2,003 657 3,799 925 2,875 2,046 828 817 2,486 860 3,777 1,002 2,775 1,989 786 893 2,284 853 3,930 1,068 2,862 1,963 899 900 2,327 802 3,749 994 2,755 1,906 848 945 2,339 791 3,542 896 2,646 1,903 743 934 2,266 728 3,639 1,033 2,606 1,902 704 905 2,219 783 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 50.6 13.3 37.4 10.1 29.7 9.6 46.3 10.2 36.1 13.3 31.0 9.5 51.2 15.6 35.6 11.7 27.9 9.2 47.7 11.6 36.1 10.3 31.2 10.8 48.4 12.8 35.5 11.4 29.3 10.9 49.4 13.4 36.0 11.3 29.2 10.1 47.9 12.7 35.2 12.1 29.9 10.1 47.4 12.0 35.4 12.5 30.3 9.7 48.2 13.7 34.5 12.0 29.4 10.4 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 2.4 0.5 1.4 0.5 2.1 0.6 1.4 0.4 2.3 0.5 1.3 0.4 2.4 0.5 1.6 0.5 2.4 0.6 1.4 0.5 2.5 0.6 1.5 0.5 2.3 0.6 1.5 0.5 2.2 0.6 1.4 0.5 2.3 0.6 1.4 0.5 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Duration Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,280 2,031 3,231 1,206 2,025 2,201 2,006 2,859 1,060 1,799 2,251 1,974 2,945 1,176 1,769 2,413 2,211 3,327 1,233 2,094 2,318 2,308 3,077 1,080 1,997 2,584 2,220 3,127 1,164 1,963 2,393 2,273 3,130 1,167 1,964 2,415 2,133 2,929 1,073 1,856 2,379 2,156 3,030 1,199 1,831 Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27.6 10.9 27.1 10.5 25.8 10.5 27.8 10.7 27.4 10.9 27.3 10.3 27.0 10.2 26.2 10.2 26.0 10.3 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30.2 26.9 42.8 16.0 26.9 31.1 28.4 40.5 15.0 25.5 31.4 27.5 41.1 16.4 24.7 30.4 27.8 41.8 15.5 26.3 30.1 30.0 39.9 14.0 25.9 32.6 28.0 39.4 14.7 24.7 30.7 29.2 40.1 15.0 25.2 32.3 28.5 39.2 14.4 24.8 31.4 28.5 40.0 15.8 24.2 NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employed Occupation Total, 16 years and over1............................................ . Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Management, business, and financial operations occupations.................................................... . Professional and related occupations......................... . Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and related occupations................................. . Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations....................................................... . Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Production, transportation, and material moving occupations....................................................... . Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Unemployed Unemployment rates Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 149,703 59,030 151,798 60,069 7,542 1,208 7,170 1,361 4.8 2.0 4.5 2.2 24,544 34,486 25,729 33,776 15,671 18,105 25,216 34,853 26,459 33,976 16,019 17,958 474 734 1,858 1,500 787 713 609 752 1,493 1,482 768 714 1.9 2.1 6.7 4.3 4.8 3.8 2.4 2.1 5.3 4.2 4.6 3.8 13,610 1,000 7,602 5,008 13,653 926 7,790 4,938 1,163 172 807 183 1,064 170 724 170 7.9 14.7 9.6 3.5 7.2 15.5 8.5 3.3 17,557 8,243 9,314 17,641 8,315 9,326 1,071 458 614 1,097 487 610 5.8 5.3 6.2 5.9 5.5 6.1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Industry and class of worker Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government workers.................................................................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 7,542 5,848 104 645 616 364 253 1,005 264 81 260 838 725 1,018 293 190 445 338 7,170 5,581 27 670 630 366 264 955 241 87 251 879 667 899 276 166 401 365 4.8 4.7 11.2 7.5 4.0 3.8 4.3 4.9 4.0 2.9 2.6 5.2 3.1 7.4 4.5 11.7 2.1 3.5 4.5 4.5 3.7 7.4 4.0 3.7 4.5 4.6 3.6 3.1 2.6 5.3 2.9 6.4 4.2 11.2 1.9 3.6 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent] Not seasonally adjusted Measure U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.................................... . Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Aug. 2016 Sept. 2016 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016 2.1 1.8 1.9 2.1 1.9 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.9 2.4 2.1 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.2 2.3 4.8 4.4 4.5 5.0 4.9 4.9 4.8 4.6 4.7 5.2 4.8 4.8 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.9 5.6 5.5 6.1 5.9 6.0 5.9 5.8 5.7 9.8 9.0 9.1 9.9 9.7 9.7 9.5 9.3 9.2 NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Category Dec. 2015 Men Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Women Dec. 2016 Dec. 2015 Dec. 2016 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers2........................................ . Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . . 94,691 5,705 1,833 663 1,170 95,774 5,449 1,684 426 1,258 38,233 2,639 929 396 533 38,636 2,631 963 295 668 56,458 3,066 904 267 638 57,138 2,819 721 131 590 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders4............................................ . Percent of total employed......................................... . Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... . Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,855 5.2 4,315 2,067 230 1,194 7,675 5.1 4,204 2,078 282 1,050 3,840 4.9 2,345 696 133 647 3,630 4.5 2,235 682 162 521 4,016 5.7 1,970 1,371 98 546 4,045 5.7 1,969 1,396 120 529 1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. 2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p 144,116 121,710 19,595 145,894 123,325 19,865 146,418 123,720 19,771 146,148 123,583 19,567 143,146 121,106 19,678 144,943 122,738 19,630 145,147 122,936 19,643 145,303 123,080 19,655 Change from: Nov.2016 Dec.2016p 156 144 12 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 765 51.1 714.0 184.3 188.6 60.7 39.8 691 51.0 639.6 172.2 184.4 53.5 38.5 693 50.5 642.0 174.3 184.9 54.5 38.6 686 48.6 637.8 173.3 180.6 54.5 38.9 761 50.8 710.3 182.9 191.3 60.6 39.8 680 49.3 630.8 172.3 181.7 53.4 38.8 683 49.2 633.9 173.7 183.1 54.0 38.7 681 49.3 631.6 172.4 182.7 53.8 38.7 -2 0.1 -2.3 -1.3 -0.4 -0.2 0.0 88.1 341.1 92.4 283.0 91.8 282.8 87.2 283.9 91.0 336.1 89.5 276.8 90.4 277.1 90.3 276.5 -0.1 -0.6 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 6,507 1,433.8 706.0 727.8 908.4 4,164.4 1,812.7 2,351.7 6,891 1,503.9 756.6 747.3 999.7 4,387.3 1,930.7 2,456.6 6,815 1,492.7 753.7 739.0 962.8 4,359.6 1,925.7 2,433.9 6,604 1,467.8 741.1 726.7 881.0 4,255.3 1,887.0 2,368.3 6,597 1,438.8 707.6 731.2 943.7 4,214.0 1,843.0 2,371.0 6,685 1,469.4 736.9 732.5 936.2 4,279.0 1,887.5 2,391.5 6,702 1,472.8 740.4 732.4 932.1 4,297.3 1,902.9 2,394.4 6,699 1,469.6 738.5 731.1 923.2 4,305.8 1,914.6 2,391.2 -3 -3.2 -1.9 -1.3 -8.9 8.5 11.7 -3.2 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . . Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semiconductors and electronic components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . . Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous durable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous nondurable goods manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,323 12,283 12,263 12,277 12,320 12,265 12,258 12,275 17 7,735 385.2 397.4 384.8 1,442.7 1,103.5 1,041.4 156.2 86.1 7,668 385.4 410.0 373.6 1,421.8 1,074.0 1,030.6 161.3 83.7 7,663 386.8 407.7 372.1 1,417.0 1,070.8 1,031.6 161.3 83.9 7,676 385.6 402.4 375.9 1,422.7 1,073.8 1,032.5 161.0 82.9 7,731 385.6 400.7 383.9 1,440.0 1,102.3 1,042.3 157.2 85.8 7,667 383.5 404.0 373.9 1,422.2 1,075.3 1,032.9 162.5 83.8 7,663 384.6 404.4 372.6 1,418.8 1,072.2 1,033.3 162.5 83.7 7,678 386.7 406.8 374.8 1,424.6 1,072.5 1,032.4 162.5 83.0 15 2.1 2.4 2.2 5.8 0.3 -0.9 0.0 -0.7 365.5 398.3 356.0 394.5 356.2 395.3 357.8 396.9 365.5 398.8 356.9 394.9 356.7 395.8 357.0 396.1 0.3 0.3 35.3 384.9 1,608.1 919.6 386.3 35.1 381.9 1,601.8 926.2 388.6 34.9 383.6 1,604.8 929.8 386.9 33.9 383.8 1,608.0 934.2 389.6 35.0 384.3 1,605.4 918.1 387.2 34.8 382.7 1,604.8 928.8 388.5 34.6 383.4 1,605.5 931.1 389.1 33.7 383.4 1,605.6 934.0 391.4 -0.9 0.0 0.1 2.9 2.3 600.3 600.2 602.1 601.5 598.8 599.4 599.5 599.5 0.0 4,588 1,511.8 115.2 117.3 136.9 373.6 451.4 114.8 815.1 689.3 4,615 1,549.1 111.7 115.2 131.4 367.6 439.1 116.9 815.8 686.4 4,600 1,538.4 111.9 115.2 131.5 367.7 439.1 114.3 818.4 684.7 4,601 1,538.6 110.6 114.3 130.6 368.1 439.9 114.1 822.1 688.5 4,589 1,512.2 115.2 116.9 136.1 373.1 448.5 116.7 814.5 690.5 4,598 1,535.3 112.1 114.4 130.6 368.4 438.8 114.5 819.1 689.7 4,595 1,535.7 111.6 114.0 130.8 367.9 437.2 114.1 819.5 687.1 4,597 1,535.8 110.9 113.5 130.5 367.0 438.3 115.2 818.6 689.3 2 0.1 -0.7 -0.5 -0.3 -0.9 1.1 1.1 -0.9 2.2 262.5 281.7 278.5 274.3 265.6 275.4 277.5 278.2 0.7 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 102,115 103,460 103,949 104,016 101,428 103,108 103,293 103,425 132 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,867 27,462 27,967 28,185 27,114 27,428 27,463 27,487 24 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 5,907.7 2,948.3 2,049.8 5,952.8 2,949.8 2,087.7 5,963.8 2,953.0 2,088.4 5,958.9 2,957.5 2,078.5 5,901.1 2,945.6 2,050.3 5,945.8 2,951.1 2,079.9 5,950.6 2,953.4 2,077.6 5,952.6 2,955.0 2,077.1 2.0 1.6 -0.5 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2016p Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Change from: Nov.2016 Dec.2016p Wholesale trade - Continued Electronic markets and agents and brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 909.6 915.3 922.4 922.9 905.2 914.8 919.6 920.5 0.9 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . . Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . . Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Building material and garden supply stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . . Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other general merchandise stores. . . . . . . . Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,303.2 1,963.8 1,268.7 143.1 552.0 490.1 553.7 15,995.6 2,011.9 1,302.0 150.8 559.1 486.9 516.9 16,411.3 2,015.4 1,304.4 148.6 562.4 495.3 533.7 16,519.4 2,011.5 1,302.6 144.9 564.0 501.0 539.6 15,760.8 1,973.9 1,271.2 150.7 552.0 467.4 524.5 15,991.7 2,010.1 1,299.6 151.2 559.2 481.9 513.2 16,011.2 2,015.1 1,302.3 151.7 561.1 480.4 508.1 16,017.5 2,017.8 1,303.6 151.4 562.8 481.6 510.9 6.3 2.7 1.3 -0.3 1.7 1.2 2.8 1,221.0 3,089.8 1,051.5 912.6 1,517.5 1,266.3 3,112.8 1,051.6 934.6 1,360.2 1,260.6 3,124.5 1,069.7 928.9 1,450.2 1,253.4 3,132.2 1,071.8 927.4 1,509.0 1,258.4 3,067.5 1,033.2 915.4 1,359.1 1,291.2 3,109.7 1,051.7 931.4 1,365.3 1,291.9 3,111.1 1,055.3 928.7 1,344.7 1,293.4 3,113.3 1,056.3 931.4 1,355.0 1.5 2.2 1.0 2.7 10.3 692.0 3,387.1 1,466.9 1,920.2 863.6 560.5 619.4 3,223.6 1,315.5 1,908.1 859.7 551.7 674.7 3,430.1 1,436.6 1,993.5 850.9 577.3 702.3 3,442.4 1,475.7 1,966.7 843.8 585.0 628.4 3,164.4 1,313.1 1,851.3 844.3 524.3 624.6 3,228.9 1,327.4 1,901.5 841.7 542.0 626.1 3,264.0 1,335.7 1,928.4 836.7 549.1 631.3 3,240.1 1,329.5 1,910.7 833.5 552.9 5.2 -23.9 -6.2 -17.7 -3.2 3.8 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transit and ground passenger transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,093.4 460.9 228.9 60.8 1,462.5 4,949.6 470.6 216.2 61.7 1,486.4 5,026.7 469.6 215.9 59.7 1,483.1 5,141.9 469.5 214.9 59.8 1,472.3 4,888.8 462.0 229.1 61.5 1,463.8 4,924.8 471.1 215.9 61.5 1,469.7 4,936.2 471.2 215.5 60.9 1,472.8 4,950.9 471.4 215.3 60.9 1,474.2 14.7 0.2 -0.2 0.0 1.4 490.9 50.3 24.4 658.1 792.3 864.3 481.7 47.6 30.3 657.5 610.6 887.0 480.1 47.7 24.6 656.5 688.2 901.3 474.9 47.8 24.7 659.0 821.2 897.8 473.8 50.2 29.5 654.5 623.7 840.7 464.9 47.7 29.7 653.6 635.8 874.9 464.6 47.7 29.6 654.1 642.3 877.5 459.9 47.7 30.5 657.9 654.0 879.1 -4.7 0.0 0.9 3.8 11.7 1.6 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 563.1 564.4 564.8 565.0 563.7 565.5 565.3 565.5 0.2 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . Motion picture and sound recording industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Data processing, hosting and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,768 727.0 2,776 726.0 2,778 727.0 2,768 727.9 2,763 724.0 2,779 724.6 2,767 724.9 2,761 724.4 -6 -0.5 401.5 281.3 807.5 425.3 277.6 782.5 429.0 274.8 785.0 415.5 273.4 783.8 406.2 279.7 804.0 430.4 276.9 783.4 424.8 273.9 782.0 417.7 273.5 779.9 -7.1 -0.4 -2.1 300.0 250.2 300.7 263.5 297.9 263.9 301.8 266.0 298.9 249.7 300.1 263.5 297.6 263.7 299.2 266.1 1.6 2.4 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . . Credit intermediation and related activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . Activities related to credit intermediation.. . Securities, commodity contracts, investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . . Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . . 8,201 6,101.2 17.9 8,335 6,180.1 17.9 8,336 6,191.2 17.9 8,359 6,211.6 18.2 8,190 6,084.7 17.9 8,328 6,179.8 17.9 8,336 6,182.6 18.0 8,349 6,195.4 18.3 13 12.8 0.3 2,579.1 1,677.8 1,265.0 602.0 299.3 2,611.2 1,685.8 1,263.3 613.9 311.5 2,618.4 1,689.6 1,265.8 616.0 312.8 2,632.1 1,697.2 1,272.0 620.3 314.6 2,572.7 1,676.2 1,264.0 599.1 297.4 2,614.7 1,691.2 1,267.7 612.6 310.9 2,618.6 1,691.9 1,267.8 614.5 312.1 2,625.5 1,695.5 1,269.4 617.4 312.7 6.9 3.6 1.6 2.9 0.6 922.9 2,581.3 2,099.5 1,540.9 534.7 23.9 930.9 2,620.1 2,154.5 1,583.5 547.5 23.5 930.1 2,624.8 2,144.6 1,580.5 540.6 23.5 932.6 2,628.7 2,147.4 1,583.5 540.5 23.4 920.7 2,573.4 2,104.8 1,537.7 543.5 23.6 928.8 2,618.4 2,148.4 1,577.7 547.4 23.3 929.7 2,616.3 2,152.9 1,582.6 547.0 23.3 931.2 2,620.4 2,153.3 1,582.5 547.6 23.2 1.5 4.1 0.4 -0.1 0.6 -0.1 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Change from: Nov.2016 Dec.2016p Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . . Architectural and engineering services. . . . . . Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer systems design and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scientific research and development services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other professional and technical services. . . Management of companies and enterprises. . . Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Travel arrangement and reservation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste management and remediation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,079 8,787.6 1,130.0 1,000.8 1,423.3 141.9 20,604 8,990.7 1,128.2 972.9 1,459.5 146.0 20,673 9,034.4 1,127.7 1,015.8 1,453.1 144.1 20,624 9,070.2 1,131.9 1,038.2 1,454.1 145.6 19,981 8,756.5 1,124.2 1,004.1 1,425.3 139.6 20,423 9,013.0 1,126.1 1,037.0 1,451.2 144.0 20,488 9,030.8 1,125.6 1,053.7 1,450.1 142.8 20,503 9,037.4 1,127.6 1,040.5 1,453.8 143.4 15 6.6 2.0 -13.2 3.7 0.6 1,953.8 2,033.3 2,038.4 2,031.7 1,950.8 2,022.9 2,026.0 2,030.1 4.1 1,314.4 1,382.3 1,384.2 1,390.9 1,299.7 1,371.0 1,372.5 1,378.0 5.5 662.2 493.5 667.7 2,251.1 9,039.9 8,639.6 482.0 143.5 3,744.3 3,057.3 921.9 676.2 499.1 693.2 2,277.6 9,336.0 8,923.0 500.9 144.4 3,766.9 3,077.3 937.6 682.0 495.5 693.6 2,282.1 9,356.6 8,942.4 503.7 144.0 3,813.8 3,113.8 947.5 684.0 493.8 700.0 2,295.4 9,258.5 8,844.3 503.9 142.7 3,809.5 3,106.2 947.3 662.1 490.9 659.7 2,246.8 8,977.6 8,573.8 482.3 143.9 3,619.5 2,944.1 897.3 678.9 495.6 686.2 2,280.3 9,129.6 8,717.2 500.1 143.7 3,637.9 2,958.9 924.5 682.3 493.3 684.7 2,282.6 9,174.9 8,760.7 502.3 143.8 3,670.3 2,982.7 925.5 684.0 490.7 689.2 2,288.3 9,177.1 8,761.1 504.0 143.1 3,659.2 2,967.2 926.1 1.7 -2.6 4.5 5.7 2.2 0.4 1.7 -0.7 -11.1 -15.5 0.6 201.0 887.6 1,948.9 310.4 204.1 906.8 2,130.2 332.1 203.3 910.3 2,094.7 325.1 201.2 907.3 2,010.6 321.8 202.4 882.6 2,029.7 316.0 204.3 898.0 2,081.9 326.8 203.4 899.6 2,088.2 327.6 201.8 900.9 2,098.8 327.2 -1.6 1.3 10.6 -0.4 400.3 413.0 414.2 414.2 403.8 412.4 414.2 416.0 1.8 Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Other ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential mental health facilities. . . . . . Community care facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Emergency and other relief services. . . . . . Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,559 3,614.2 18,945.0 15,354.5 7,020.4 2,582.9 927.6 829.7 763.0 260.8 1,363.2 23,051 3,727.1 19,324.0 15,676.8 7,224.4 2,639.5 947.4 876.9 793.7 260.7 1,410.5 23,144 3,760.0 19,383.9 15,720.8 7,247.5 2,646.2 951.2 880.9 799.8 259.9 1,412.3 23,105 3,683.5 19,421.3 15,761.1 7,277.4 2,660.5 950.5 884.8 810.0 261.0 1,413.1 22,378 3,501.8 18,876.0 15,302.5 6,991.9 2,568.7 926.4 827.3 760.8 259.7 1,355.5 22,858 3,566.2 19,292.2 15,650.1 7,201.4 2,631.0 945.4 874.3 794.4 260.6 1,402.7 22,901 3,574.1 19,326.8 15,681.0 7,222.3 2,637.1 947.3 879.7 798.3 260.3 1,404.4 22,971 3,580.4 19,390.1 15,724.2 7,252.0 2,645.3 949.8 884.1 805.3 260.5 1,410.2 70 6.3 63.3 43.2 29.7 8.2 2.5 4.4 7.0 0.2 5.8 293.2 5,009.3 3,324.8 1,664.8 609.8 295.7 5,121.2 3,331.2 1,658.9 613.0 297.2 5,137.7 3,335.6 1,661.5 614.5 297.5 5,143.1 3,340.6 1,664.4 615.2 293.5 4,998.5 3,312.1 1,659.7 608.8 292.9 5,117.5 3,331.2 1,657.8 613.7 295.2 5,127.3 3,331.4 1,657.5 613.9 296.9 5,138.0 3,334.2 1,659.7 614.1 1.7 10.7 2.8 2.2 0.2 887.1 163.1 3,590.5 2,198.6 157.0 334.7 900.2 894.2 165.1 3,647.2 2,241.9 159.1 333.7 912.5 894.4 165.2 3,663.1 2,252.8 159.3 332.7 918.3 897.2 163.8 3,660.2 2,254.5 162.8 333.1 909.8 880.9 162.7 3,573.5 2,193.2 155.7 335.7 888.9 895.0 164.7 3,642.1 2,247.4 159.6 334.5 900.7 895.4 164.7 3,645.8 2,250.6 160.0 333.3 902.0 896.9 163.5 3,665.9 2,271.7 161.0 332.3 900.8 1.5 -1.2 20.1 21.1 1.0 -1.0 -1.2 Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . . Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . . Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . 15,000 2,029.7 446.7 15,520 2,188.5 470.9 15,338 2,091.5 445.6 15,279 2,048.2 436.3 15,342 2,195.5 464.3 15,576 2,233.5 465.6 15,613 2,245.1 462.6 15,637 2,235.2 462.8 24 -9.9 0.2 145.6 1,437.4 12,969.8 159.4 1,558.2 13,331.7 151.6 1,494.3 13,246.7 151.5 1,460.4 13,231.0 152.5 1,578.7 13,146.4 158.4 1,609.5 13,342.4 157.1 1,625.4 13,367.5 158.5 1,613.9 13,402.0 1.4 -11.5 34.5 Industry Private service-providing - Continued See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Change from: Nov.2016 Dec.2016p Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 1,859.2 11,110.6 1,912.2 11,419.5 1,869.8 11,376.9 1,866.9 11,364.1 1,926.4 11,220.0 1,926.2 11,416.2 1,930.5 11,437.0 1,935.4 11,466.6 4.9 29.6 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Membership associations and organizations. . . 5,641 1,283.3 1,417.4 2,940.6 5,712 1,285.0 1,446.7 2,980.0 5,713 1,281.6 1,445.7 2,985.3 5,696 1,271.3 1,452.5 2,972.0 5,660 1,290.9 1,417.2 2,952.3 5,716 1,284.4 1,446.6 2,984.7 5,725 1,284.9 1,447.9 2,991.9 5,717 1,281.1 1,451.6 2,984.2 -8 -3.8 3.7 -7.7 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 22,406 2,785.0 2,163.2 621.6 5,231.0 2,568.6 2,662.6 14,390.0 8,123.6 6,265.9 22,569 2,793.0 2,183.6 609.7 5,273.0 2,607.5 2,665.0 14,503.0 8,111.0 6,392.3 22,698 2,794.0 2,182.0 611.8 5,293.0 2,627.8 2,664.7 14,611.0 8,193.0 6,417.7 22,565 2,824.0 2,186.4 637.3 5,223.0 2,566.7 2,655.9 14,518.0 8,166.8 6,351.6 22,040 2,768.0 2,164.3 603.6 5,108.0 2,435.2 2,672.5 14,164.0 7,813.5 6,350.3 22,205 2,801.0 2,186.0 614.5 5,113.0 2,442.2 2,670.5 14,291.0 7,861.9 6,429.0 22,211 2,799.0 2,185.4 613.4 5,114.0 2,441.6 2,672.1 14,298.0 7,855.4 6,442.8 22,223 2,804.0 2,185.0 619.4 5,110.0 2,448.2 2,662.2 14,309.0 7,862.3 6,447.1 12 5.0 -0.4 6.0 -4.0 6.6 -9.9 11.0 6.9 4.3 Industry Accommodation and food services Continued 1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 34.5 40.4 44.0 39.6 40.6 41.0 39.8 33.4 34.6 38.9 31.3 39.1 42.4 36.0 37.7 36.2 32.9 26.2 31.9 34.4 40.4 44.3 39.2 40.8 41.3 40.0 33.2 34.2 38.9 30.8 38.6 43.1 36.0 37.3 36.1 32.9 26.1 31.9 34.3 40.2 43.4 39.1 40.6 41.1 39.7 33.2 34.2 38.9 30.8 38.7 42.0 35.8 37.5 36.0 32.9 26.2 31.8 34.3 40.1 43.8 38.7 40.7 41.1 39.8 33.2 34.1 38.9 30.7 38.6 42.6 36.0 37.6 36.1 33.0 25.9 31.8 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.1 3.3 3.3 3.2 Industry p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $25.26 26.44 31.30 27.60 25.51 26.83 23.21 24.99 22.03 28.80 17.73 23.06 37.66 35.90 31.87 30.26 25.51 14.49 22.70 $25.92 27.25 32.21 28.38 26.36 27.64 24.16 25.62 22.55 29.77 17.98 23.52 38.94 37.38 32.57 31.11 25.92 15.07 23.16 $25.90 27.14 31.90 28.31 26.24 27.49 24.08 25.61 22.58 29.79 18.07 23.54 38.30 37.33 32.64 31.11 25.86 15.07 23.14 $26.00 27.26 32.15 28.42 26.37 27.63 24.18 25.71 22.69 29.87 18.18 23.60 38.61 37.49 32.62 31.17 25.96 15.13 23.20 $871.47 1,068.18 1,377.20 1,092.96 1,035.71 1,100.03 923.76 834.67 762.24 1,120.32 554.95 901.65 1,596.78 1,292.40 1,201.50 1,095.41 839.28 379.64 724.13 $891.65 1,100.90 1,426.90 1,112.50 1,075.49 1,141.53 966.40 850.58 771.21 1,158.05 553.78 907.87 1,678.31 1,345.68 1,214.86 1,123.07 852.77 393.33 738.80 $888.37 1,091.03 1,384.46 1,106.92 1,065.34 1,129.84 955.98 850.25 772.24 1,158.83 556.56 911.00 1,608.60 1,336.41 1,224.00 1,119.96 850.79 394.83 735.85 $891.80 1,093.13 1,408.17 1,099.85 1,073.26 1,135.59 962.36 853.57 773.73 1,161.94 558.13 910.96 1,644.79 1,349.64 1,226.51 1,125.24 856.68 391.87 737.76 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2 Industry Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Percent change from: Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104.9 90.6 105.2 90.1 90.0 89.2 91.1 109.0 102.0 100.2 100.2 109.4 103.4 90.8 101.1 113.8 120.2 114.7 104.1 106.0 90.4 94.7 90.3 90.0 89.1 91.8 110.1 102.0 100.9 100.1 108.8 105.5 91.4 101.7 116.0 122.8 116.0 105.1 105.8 90.0 93.1 90.3 89.5 88.7 91.0 110.3 102.2 101.0 100.2 109.3 102.7 90.5 102.4 116.0 123.0 116.7 105.0 106.0 89.8 93.7 89.4 89.9 88.8 91.3 110.5 101.9 101.0 99.9 109.4 104.2 90.8 102.8 116.4 123.8 115.6 104.8 0.2 -0.2 0.6 -1.0 0.4 0.1 0.3 0.2 -0.3 0.0 -0.3 0.1 1.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.7 -0.9 -0.2 1 Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Percent change from: Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016p 126.6 108.2 132.2 108.0 106.8 106.3 107.3 132.4 121.0 120.4 117.5 128.0 128.7 116.1 125.7 139.5 147.5 134.1 129.5 131.3 111.3 122.4 111.4 110.4 109.4 112.5 137.1 123.8 125.4 118.9 129.9 135.7 121.6 129.2 146.1 153.0 141.0 133.4 131.0 110.4 119.3 111.1 109.3 108.3 111.2 137.3 124.1 125.6 119.7 130.6 130.0 120.2 130.3 146.2 153.0 141.9 133.1 131.7 110.6 121.0 110.4 110.2 109.0 112.0 138.0 124.5 125.9 120.1 131.0 133.0 121.2 130.8 147.0 154.5 141.1 133.3 0.5 0.2 1.4 -0.6 0.8 0.6 0.7 0.5 0.3 0.2 0.3 0.3 2.3 0.8 0.4 0.5 1.0 -0.6 0.2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees Industry Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods................................. . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................... . Information........................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................... . Government............................................ . 70,682 58,060 4,281 108 815 3,358 1,798 1,560 53,779 10,972 1,735.2 7,928.8 1,172.9 135.1 1,106 4,672 8,912 17,229 7,936 2,952 12,622 71,934 59,195 4,305 100 840 3,365 1,799 1,566 54,890 11,155 1,755.4 8,067.2 1,200.7 131.9 1,115 4,740 9,168 17,614 8,096 3,002 12,739 71,999 59,262 4,310 100 841 3,369 1,801 1,568 54,952 11,154 1,754.0 8,063.9 1,204.4 132.1 1,110 4,745 9,184 17,644 8,108 3,007 12,737 72,086 59,336 4,318 100 847 3,371 1,804 1,567 55,018 11,147 1,754.8 8,050.0 1,210.3 131.5 1,106 4,746 9,198 17,680 8,130 3,011 12,750 49.4 47.9 21.8 14.2 12.4 27.3 23.3 34.0 53.0 40.5 29.4 50.3 24.0 24.0 40.0 57.0 44.6 77.0 51.7 52.2 57.3 49.6 48.2 21.9 14.7 12.6 27.4 23.5 34.1 53.2 40.7 29.5 50.4 24.4 23.3 40.1 56.9 44.9 77.1 52.0 52.5 57.4 49.6 48.2 21.9 14.6 12.5 27.5 23.5 34.1 53.2 40.6 29.5 50.4 24.4 23.4 40.1 56.9 44.8 77.0 51.9 52.5 57.3 49.6 48.2 22.0 14.7 12.6 27.5 23.5 34.1 53.2 40.6 29.5 50.3 24.4 23.3 40.1 56.8 44.9 77.0 52.0 52.7 57.4 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [In thousands] Industry Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . Wholesale trade.................................................................. . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing............................................... . Utilities............................................................................. . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . 99,812 14,212 554 4,990 8,668 5,330 3,338 85,600 22,812 4,730.5 13,384.7 4,244.1 452.5 2,234 6,335 16,385 19,636 13,489 4,709 101,042 14,104 474 5,043 8,587 5,261 3,326 86,938 23,035 4,759.8 13,556.7 4,263.1 455.2 2,241 6,469 16,700 20,057 13,696 4,740 101,187 14,114 481 5,050 8,583 5,260 3,323 87,073 23,059 4,765.7 13,559.3 4,279.0 454.6 2,228 6,482 16,734 20,089 13,734 4,747 101,340 14,127 479 5,049 8,599 5,277 3,322 87,213 23,077 4,765.0 13,553.3 4,304.3 454.7 2,222 6,505 16,750 20,152 13,766 4,741 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 33.8 41.3 45.8 40.2 41.7 42.2 41.0 32.5 33.7 38.6 30.0 39.2 42.5 35.5 37.2 35.6 32.2 25.1 30.8 33.6 41.2 45.9 39.6 42.0 42.4 41.3 32.4 33.5 38.8 29.7 38.6 43.4 35.6 36.9 35.4 32.2 24.9 30.8 33.6 41.2 45.8 39.7 41.8 42.2 41.1 32.4 33.5 38.8 29.7 38.6 42.1 35.3 37.0 35.3 32.3 25.1 30.8 33.6 41.0 46.0 39.2 41.8 42.3 41.1 32.4 33.5 38.8 29.6 38.7 43.0 35.6 37.0 35.3 32.3 24.8 30.8 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 4.2 4.3 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.1 4.3 4.4 4.1 Industry 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Education and health services.................... . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $21.26 22.21 26.55 25.43 20.12 21.16 18.41 21.06 18.84 23.85 14.96 20.88 34.58 29.62 25.65 25.02 22.31 12.57 19.18 $21.72 22.80 27.13 26.23 20.63 21.62 19.02 21.49 19.10 24.41 15.05 21.03 35.86 30.36 26.37 25.64 22.64 12.98 19.38 $21.73 22.79 26.87 26.24 20.62 21.60 19.02 21.51 19.13 24.40 15.18 20.96 35.48 30.38 26.32 25.71 22.67 13.01 19.37 $21.80 22.83 27.15 26.26 20.68 21.66 19.08 21.58 19.19 24.50 15.32 20.71 35.57 30.53 26.47 25.77 22.70 13.05 19.37 $718.59 917.27 1,215.99 1,022.29 839.00 892.95 754.81 684.45 634.91 920.61 448.80 818.50 1,469.65 1,051.51 954.18 890.71 718.38 315.51 590.74 $729.79 939.36 1,245.27 1,038.71 866.46 916.69 785.53 696.28 639.85 947.11 446.99 811.76 1,556.32 1,080.82 973.05 907.66 729.01 323.20 596.90 $730.13 938.95 1,230.65 1,041.73 861.92 911.52 781.72 696.92 640.86 946.72 450.85 809.06 1,493.71 1,072.41 973.84 907.56 732.24 326.55 596.60 $732.48 936.03 1,248.90 1,029.39 864.42 916.22 784.19 699.19 642.87 950.60 453.47 801.48 1,529.51 1,086.87 979.39 909.68 733.21 323.64 596.60 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [2002=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3 Industry Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Percent change from: Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112.4 89.7 134.8 100.4 83.0 84.5 80.6 118.5 107.2 107.5 101.6 125.2 98.3 90.5 110.9 130.7 134.8 124.0 101.7 113.1 88.8 115.6 100.0 82.8 83.8 80.9 120.0 107.6 108.8 101.9 123.9 101.0 91.1 112.4 132.5 137.7 124.9 102.4 113.3 88.9 117.1 100.4 82.4 83.4 80.5 120.1 107.7 108.9 101.9 124.3 97.9 89.8 112.9 132.4 138.3 126.3 102.5 113.4 88.5 117.1 99.1 82.5 83.9 80.4 120.3 107.8 108.9 101.5 125.4 100.0 90.3 113.3 132.5 138.7 125.1 102.4 0.1 -0.4 0.0 -1.3 0.1 0.6 -0.1 0.2 0.1 0.0 -0.4 0.9 2.1 0.6 0.4 0.1 0.3 -1.0 -0.1 1 Dec. 2015 Oct. 2016 Nov. 2016p Dec. 2016p Percent change from: Nov. 2016 Dec. 2016p 159.7 122.0 208.2 137.9 109.2 111.6 104.9 171.1 144.0 151.1 130.3 165.9 142.0 132.7 175.1 194.6 198.5 177.0 142.1 164.2 124.0 182.4 141.6 111.7 113.1 108.8 176.8 146.6 156.4 131.5 165.2 151.2 136.9 182.3 202.2 205.7 184.1 144.6 164.5 124.0 182.9 142.2 111.1 112.5 108.2 177.2 147.0 156.5 132.6 165.3 145.0 135.0 182.8 202.5 207.0 186.6 144.7 165.3 123.7 184.9 140.5 111.6 113.4 108.5 178.1 147.5 157.1 133.3 164.7 148.5 136.5 184.5 203.2 207.9 185.3 144.5 0.5 -0.2 1.1 -1.2 0.5 0.8 0.3 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.5 -0.4 2.4 1.1 0.9 0.3 0.4 -0.7 -0.1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2015 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.