Full text of The Employment Situation : December 2007
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News United States Department of Labor 2 Bureau of Labor Statistics Technical information: Household data: Establishment data: Media contact: Washington, D.C. 20212 (202) 691-6378 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ USDL 08-0013 691-6555 http://www.bls.gov/ces/ 691-5902 Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Friday, January 4, 2008. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2007 The unemployment rate rose to 5.0 percent in December, while nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged (+18,000), the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Job growth in several service-providing industries, including professional and technical services, health care, and food services, was largely offset by job losses in construction and manufacturing. Average hourly earnings rose by 7 cents, or 0.4 percent. Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, January 2005 – December 2007 Percent Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, January 2005 – December 2007 Millions 6.5 140.0 6.0 138.0 5.5 136.0 5.0 134.0 4.5 132.0 4.0 130.0 128.0 3.5 2005 2006 2007 2005 2006 2007 Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons increased by 474,000 to 7.7 million in December and the unemployment rate rose by 0.3 percentage point to 5.0 percent. A year earlier, the number of unemployed persons was 6.8 million, and the jobless rate was 4.4 percent. (See table A-1.) Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data Seasonally adjusted household survey data have been revised using updated seasonal adjustment factors. Seasonally adjusted estimates back to January 2003 were subject to revision. The unemployment rates for January-November 2007 (as originally published and as revised) appear on page 5, along with additional information about the revisions. 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Quarterly averages Category III 2007 IV 2007 Oct. 2007 Dec. 2007 Nov.-Dec. change 153,866 146,211 7,655 79,290 38 -436 474 179 4.7 4.1 4.1 16.4 4.2 8.4 5.7 5.0 4.4 4.4 17.1 4.4 9.0 6.3 0.3 .3 .3 .7 .2 .6 .6 p 138,477 p 22,221 p 7,538 p 13,950 p 116,256 p 15,395 p 18,063 p 18,583 p 13,712 p 22,357 p 138,495 p 22,146 p 7,489 p 13,919 p 116,349 p 15,370 p 18,106 p 18,627 p 13,734 p 22,388 p 18 p -75 p -49 p -31 p 93 p -24 p 43 p 44 p 22 p 31 p 33.8 p 41.1 p 3.9 p 0.0 p -.2 p -.2 Nov. 2007 Labor force status HOUSEHOLD DATA Civilian labor force …………….…………… Employment …………………….………… Unemployment ……………….…………… Not in labor force ………………….………… Monthly data 153,191 146,019 7,172 79,019 153,667 146,291 7,375 79,270 153,306 146,016 7,291 79,409 153,828 146,647 7,181 79,111 Unemployment rates All workers ……………….……………....… Adult men …………………....……...…… Adult women ………….…………………… Teenagers ………….………………...…… White ……….………….…...……………… Black or African American ………….…… Hispanic or Latino ethnicity ………..……… 4.7 4.2 4.1 15.8 4.2 8.0 5.7 4.8 4.3 4.2 16.4 4.3 8.6 5.9 4.8 4.3 4.1 15.7 4.2 8.5 5.6 Employment ESTABLISHMENT DATA Nonfarm employment ……….……...……… 138,143 1 22,360 Goods-producing …...…...……………… 7,621 Construction ..…...…………….………… Manufacturing …………………....……… 14,011 1 115,783 Service-providing ………...……..……… 2 15,386 Retail trade …...…………….…..…… 17,936 Professional and business service ….....… 18,470 Education and health services …..…….… Leisure and hospitality …...……………. 13,595 Government ………...…………………… 22,254 p 138,445 p 22,211 p 7,534 p 13,944 p 116,234 p 15,376 p 18,064 p 18,588 p 13,708 p 22,358 138,362 22,266 7,575 13,963 116,096 15,363 18,024 18,554 13,677 22,329 Hours of work Total private ……...…………...……………. Manufacturing …………….……...………. Overtime ……...………………..…….… 33.8 41.3 4.1 p 33.8 p 41.2 p 4.0 33.8 41.2 4.1 3 p 33.8 p 41.3 p 4.1 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (2002=100) Total private ……...………………….……… 107.7 p 108.0 107.9 p 108.0 3 p 108.0 p 0.0 p $17.71 p 598.60 p $0.07 p 2.37 Earnings 3 Average hourly earnings, total private …...… Average weekly earnings, total private …….. 1 $17.50 591.39 p $17.64 p 596.23 $17.57 593.87 p $17.64 p 596.23 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Quarterly averages and the over-the-month change are calculated using unrounded data. 3 Data relate to private production and nonsupervisory workers. p = preliminary. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised. See note on page 5. 2 3 In December, unemployment rates rose for several major worker groups—adult men (to 4.4 percent), adult women (4.4 percent), whites (4.4 percent), and Hispanics (6.3 percent). The unemployment rates for teenagers (17.1 percent) and blacks (9.0 percent) were little changed. The unemployment rate for Asians was 3.7 percent, not seasonally adjusted. Most major worker groups experienced increases in their jobless rates over the year. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Both total employment, at 146.2 million, and the employment-population ratio, at 62.7 percent, decreased in December following increases in November. Total employment was essentially unchanged over the year, while the employment-population ratio declined by 0.7 percentage point over the same period. The civilian labor force was essentially unchanged in December at 153.9 million. The labor force participation rate, at 66.0 percent, was unchanged over the month, but was 0.4 percentage point lower than a year earlier. (See table A-1.) The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons, at 4.7 million in December, was little changed over the month but was up by 456,000 over the year. This category includes persons who indicated that they would like to work full time but were working part time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-5.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in December. These individuals wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Among the marginally attached, there were 363,000 discouraged workers in December, up from 274,000 a year earlier. Discouraged workers were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. The other 981,000 persons marginally attached to the labor force in December had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey for reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-13.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged at 138.5 million in December following gains of 159,000 in October and 115,000 in November. In 2007, payroll employment rose by 1.3 million compared with a gain of 2.3 million in 2006. In December, job growth continued in professional and technical services, health care, and food services, while employment in construction and manufacturing continued to decline. The retail trade and information industries also lost jobs over the month. (See table B-1.) Employment in professional and technical services was up by 33,000 in December and by 322,000 over the year. Within this industry grouping, employment continued to trend up in December in architectural and engineering services (8,000) and in management and technical consulting services (12,000). Within administrative and support services, services to buildings and dwellings added 19,000 jobs. In the health care industry, job growth continued in December with a gain of 28,000. The industry has added 381,000 jobs over the year. In December, job gains occurred in hospitals (10,000) and ambulatory health care services (13,000). Employment in food services continued to expand over the month with a gain of 27,000. Over the year, the food services industry has added 304,000 jobs. The gains in health care and food services combined accounted for about two-thirds of all private sector job growth in 2007. 4 Mining employment rose by 5,000 in December following a gain of 4,000 in November. In 2007, the industry has added 36,000 jobs. In December, employment in construction fell by 49,000, with losses occurring throughout the industry. Since its peak in September 2006, construction employment has fallen by 236,000, with the residential components accounting for the decline. Within financial activities, credit intermediation lost 7,000 jobs in December, bringing the total job loss since the industry’s peak in February to 79,000. Manufacturing employment continued to decline in December (-31,000), with generally small but widespread losses among the component industries. Notable declines occurred in motor vehicles and parts (-6,000), wood products (-4,000), electrical equipment and appliances (-3,000), and textile mills (-2,000). Factory employment has declined by 212,000 over the past year. Retail trade employment was down by 24,000 in December following an increase in the prior month. Over the year, employment in retail trade was essentially flat. In December, employment in the information industry fell by 13,000; losses occurred in motion picture and sound recording industries (-12,000) and in broadcasting, except Internet (-4,000). Information employment was essentially unchanged over the year. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) In December, the average workweek for production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.8 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.2 hour to 41.1 hours, and factory overtime also fell by 0.2 hour to 3.9 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged in December at 108.0 (2002=100). The manufacturing index decreased by 0.7 percent to 94.5. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 7 cents, or 0.4 percent, in December to $17.71, seasonally adjusted. This followed a 7-cent gain in November. Average weekly earnings also grew by 0.4 percent in December to $598.60. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.7 percent, and weekly earnings rose by 3.4 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for January 2008 is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 1, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). 5 Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (CPS), or household survey. This year, seasonally adjusted data for January 2003-November 2007 were subject to revision. Table B shows the unemployment rates for January to November 2007, as first published and as revised. The rates were unchanged in 7 of the 11 months and changed by one-tenth of a percentage point in the remaining 4 months. Revised seasonally adjusted data for other major labor force series beginning in December 2006 appear in table C. An article describing the current seasonal adjustment methodology for the household survey data and revised data for January 2007 to November 2007 is available on the BLS Web site at http://www. bls.gov/cps/cpsrs2008.pdf. Historical data for the household series contained in the A tables of this release can be accessed on the BLS Web site at http://www.bls.gov/cps/cpsatabs.htm. Revised historical seasonally adjusted monthly and quarterly data for additional series are available on the Internet at ftp://ftp.bls.gov/pub/ special.requests/lf/. Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates and changes due to revision, January-November 2007 Year and month 2007 January .................................... February ................................. March ..................................... April ........................................ May ........................................ June ........................................ July ......................................... August ..................................... September ............................... October .................................. November ............................... As first published As revised Change 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 0.0 .0 .0 .0 .0 .1 .1 .1 .0 .1 .0 6 Revisions in the Establishment Survey Data With the release of January 2008 data on February 1, 2008, the Current Employment Statistics survey will revise the basis for industry classification from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) to the 2007 NAICS. The new classification reflects minor definitional changes within manufacturing, telecommunications, financial activities, and professional, scientific, and technical services. Several industry titles and descriptions also will be updated. The conversion to NAICS 2007 will result in minor revisions to some employment, hours, and earnings series. Details of new, discontinued, and combined industries are available at http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesnaics07.htm. For more information on the 2007 NAICS, see http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html. Also with the release of January 2008 data, BLS will introduce revisions to the nonfarm payroll employment, hours, and earnings data to reflect the annual benchmark adjustments for March 2007 and updated seasonal adjustment factors. Unadjusted data beginning with April 2006 and seasonally adjusted data beginning with January 2003 are subject to revision. Planned Changes in the Household Survey Effective with the release of data for January 2008, revisions will be introduced into the population controls for the household survey. These changes reflect the routine annual updating of intercensal population estimates by the U.S. Census Bureau. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table C. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted 2006 2007 Employment status, sex, and age Dec. Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 230,108 230,650 230,834 231,034 231,253 231,480 231,713 231,958 232,211 232,461 232,715 232,939 233,156 Civilian labor force .............................................. 152,709 152,958 152,725 152,884 152,542 152,776 153,085 153,182 152,886 153,506 153,306 153,828 153,866 Participation rate ........................................... 66.4 66.3 66.2 66.2 66.0 66.0 66.1 66.0 65.8 66.0 65.9 66.0 66.0 Employed .......................................................... 145,949 145,915 145,888 146,145 145,713 145,913 146,087 146,045 145,753 146,260 146,016 146,647 146,211 Employment-population ratio ........................ 63.4 63.3 63.2 63.3 63.0 63.0 63.0 63.0 62.8 62.9 62.7 63.0 62.7 Unemployed ..................................................... 6,760 7,043 6,837 6,738 6,829 6,863 6,997 7,137 7,133 7,246 7,291 7,181 7,655 Unemployment rate ...................................... 4.4 4.6 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 102,751 102,956 103,046 103,143 103,248 103,361 103,477 103,598 103,723 103,847 103,973 104,087 104,197 Civilian labor force .............................................. 78,322 78,407 78,358 78,410 78,428 78,497 78,503 78,619 78,526 78,689 78,664 79,075 79,004 Participation rate ........................................... 76.2 76.2 76.0 76.0 76.0 75.9 75.9 75.9 75.7 75.8 75.7 76.0 75.8 Employed .......................................................... 75,238 75,154 75,148 75,286 75,279 75,343 75,292 75,324 75,274 75,332 75,274 75,834 75,499 Employment-population ratio ........................ 73.2 73.0 72.9 73.0 72.9 72.9 72.8 72.7 72.6 72.5 72.4 72.9 72.5 Unemployed ..................................................... 3,084 3,252 3,210 3,124 3,149 3,154 3,212 3,295 3,252 3,357 3,389 3,240 3,505 Unemployment rate ...................................... 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.3 4.1 4.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... 110,528 110,803 110,880 110,964 111,057 111,157 111,259 111,367 111,479 111,590 111,703 111,805 111,903 Civilian labor force .............................................. 67,127 67,359 67,247 67,446 67,077 67,318 67,481 67,566 67,616 67,795 67,623 67,776 67,866 Participation rate ........................................... 60.7 60.8 60.6 60.8 60.4 60.6 60.7 60.7 60.7 60.8 60.5 60.6 60.6 Employed .......................................................... 64,525 64,647 64,686 64,859 64,479 64,710 64,828 64,792 64,826 65,033 64,827 64,980 64,912 Employment-population ratio ........................ 58.4 58.3 58.3 58.5 58.1 58.2 58.3 58.2 58.2 58.3 58.0 58.1 58.0 Unemployed ..................................................... 2,601 2,712 2,561 2,588 2,597 2,608 2,653 2,774 2,790 2,762 2,796 2,796 2,954 Unemployment rate ...................................... 3.9 4.0 3.8 3.8 3.9 3.9 3.9 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.1 4.4 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population1 ...................... Civilian labor force .............................................. Participation rate ........................................... Employed .......................................................... Employment-population ratio ........................ Unemployed ..................................................... Unemployment rate ...................................... 16,829 7,260 43.1 6,185 36.8 1,074 14.8 16,891 7,192 42.6 6,114 36.2 1,079 15.0 16,908 7,120 42.1 6,055 35.8 1,066 15.0 16,927 7,028 41.5 6,000 35.4 1,027 14.6 16,948 7,037 41.5 5,954 35.1 1,082 15.4 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation. NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. 16,962 6,961 41.0 5,860 34.5 1,101 15.8 16,977 7,100 41.8 5,968 35.2 1,133 16.0 16,993 6,997 41.2 5,930 34.9 1,067 15.3 17,009 6,744 39.7 5,653 33.2 1,092 16.2 17,024 7,021 41.2 5,895 34.6 1,126 16.0 17,040 7,020 41.2 5,914 34.7 1,105 15.7 17,048 6,977 40.9 5,832 34.2 1,145 16.4 17,056 6,996 41.0 5,801 34.0 1,196 17.1 8 Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of 104,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 400,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? Neither the establishment nor household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Thus, while it is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The household survey does include questions about whether respondents were born outside the United States. Data from these questions show that foreign-born workers accounted for about 15 percent of the labor force in 2006 and about 47 percent of the net increase in the labor force from 2000 to 2006. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit http://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit http://www.bls.gov/web/cesbmart.htm. Has the establishment survey understated employment growth because it excludes the selfemployed? While the establishment survey excludes the self-employed, the household survey provides monthly estimates of unincorporated self-employment. These estimates have shown no substantial growth in recent years. 9 Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all size classes and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who have stopped looking for work? Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job, including those who have stopped looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in the Employment Situation news release. Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with state agencies. The sample includes about 160,000 businesses and government agencies covering approximately 400,000 individual worksites. The active sample includes about one-third of all nonfarm payroll workers. The sample is drawn from a sampling frame of unemployment insurance tax accounts. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing sector. Industries are classified on the basis of their principal activity in accordance with the 2002 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: • The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. • The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. • The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the monthto-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the ad- justed series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most supersectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month, using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month’s data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 430,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -330,000 to 530,000 (100,000 +/- 430,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 5.5 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 280,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component uses business deaths to impute employment for business births. This is incorporated into the sample-based link relative estimate procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same trend as the other firms in the sample. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/ death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past five years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.2 percent, ranging from less than 0.05 percent to 0.4 percent. Other information Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted 1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 230,108 152,571 66.3 146,081 63.5 6,491 4.3 77,537 4,121 232,939 154,035 66.1 147,118 63.2 6,917 4.5 78,904 4,337 233,156 153,705 65.9 146,334 62.8 7,371 4.8 79,451 4,398 230,108 152,709 66.4 145,949 63.4 6,760 4.4 77,399 4,407 232,211 152,886 65.8 145,753 62.8 7,133 4.7 79,325 4,733 232,461 153,506 66.0 146,260 62.9 7,246 4.7 78,955 4,728 232,715 153,306 65.9 146,016 62.7 7,291 4.8 79,409 4,266 232,939 153,828 66.0 146,647 63.0 7,181 4.7 79,111 4,655 233,156 153,866 66.0 146,211 62.7 7,655 5.0 79,290 4,697 111,288 81,715 73.4 78,030 70.1 3,684 4.5 29,573 112,737 82,402 73.1 78,680 69.8 3,722 4.5 30,335 112,852 82,171 72.8 77,970 69.1 4,201 5.1 30,680 111,288 82,004 73.7 78,324 70.4 3,680 4.5 29,284 112,354 81,929 72.9 78,066 69.5 3,863 4.7 30,425 112,486 82,237 73.1 78,229 69.5 4,008 4.9 30,249 112,619 82,210 73.0 78,177 69.4 4,032 4.9 30,409 112,737 82,515 73.2 78,604 69.7 3,910 4.7 30,223 112,852 82,448 73.1 78,260 69.3 4,188 5.1 30,404 102,751 78,198 76.1 75,040 73.0 3,158 4.0 24,553 104,087 79,113 76.0 76,018 73.0 3,095 3.9 24,973 104,197 78,893 75.7 75,296 72.3 3,597 4.6 25,305 102,751 78,322 76.2 75,238 73.2 3,084 3.9 24,429 103,723 78,526 75.7 75,274 72.6 3,252 4.1 25,197 103,847 78,689 75.8 75,332 72.5 3,357 4.3 25,158 103,973 78,664 75.7 75,274 72.4 3,389 4.3 25,309 104,087 79,075 76.0 75,834 72.9 3,240 4.1 25,012 104,197 79,004 75.8 75,499 72.5 3,505 4.4 25,193 118,820 70,856 59.6 68,050 57.3 2,806 4.0 47,963 120,202 71,633 59.6 68,438 56.9 3,195 4.5 48,569 120,304 71,534 59.5 68,364 56.8 3,170 4.4 48,771 118,820 70,705 59.5 67,625 56.9 3,080 4.4 48,115 119,856 70,957 59.2 67,687 56.5 3,270 4.6 48,900 119,975 71,269 59.4 68,030 56.7 3,238 4.5 48,706 120,096 71,096 59.2 67,838 56.5 3,258 4.6 49,000 120,202 71,313 59.3 68,043 56.6 3,271 4.6 48,889 120,304 71,418 59.4 67,951 56.5 3,467 4.9 48,886 110,528 67,412 61.0 64,988 58.8 2,424 3.6 43,116 111,805 68,188 61.0 65,449 58.5 2,739 4.0 43,617 111,903 68,116 60.9 65,359 58.4 2,757 4.0 43,787 110,528 67,127 60.7 64,525 58.4 2,601 3.9 43,401 111,479 67,616 60.7 64,826 58.2 2,790 4.1 43,863 111,590 67,795 60.8 65,033 58.3 2,762 4.1 43,795 111,703 67,623 60.5 64,827 58.0 2,796 4.1 44,080 111,805 67,776 60.6 64,980 58.1 2,796 4.1 44,029 111,903 67,866 60.6 64,912 58.0 2,954 4.4 44,037 16,829 6,961 41.4 6,052 36.0 909 13.1 9,868 17,048 6,734 39.5 5,652 33.2 1,082 16.1 10,314 17,056 6,696 39.3 5,679 33.3 1,017 15.2 10,359 16,829 7,260 43.1 6,185 36.8 1,074 14.8 9,570 17,009 6,744 39.7 5,653 33.2 1,092 16.2 10,264 17,024 7,021 41.2 5,895 34.6 1,126 16.0 10,003 17,040 7,020 41.2 5,914 34.7 1,105 15.7 10,020 17,048 6,977 40.9 5,832 34.2 1,145 16.4 10,071 17,056 6,996 41.0 5,801 34.0 1,196 17.1 10,059 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ..................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................. Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate ................................................ Not in labor force .......................................................... Persons who currently want a job ............................... Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ..................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................. Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate ................................................ Not in labor force .......................................................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ..................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................. Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate ................................................ Not in labor force .......................................................... Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ..................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................. Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate ................................................ Not in labor force .......................................................... Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ..................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................. Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate ................................................ Not in labor force .......................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ..................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................. Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate ................................................ Not in labor force .......................................................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted 1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 187,115 124,640 66.6 119,923 64.1 4,717 3.8 62,475 188,956 125,615 66.5 120,665 63.9 4,951 3.9 63,341 189,093 125,334 66.3 120,004 63.5 5,331 4.3 63,759 187,115 124,766 66.7 119,828 64.0 4,938 4.0 62,349 188,479 124,596 66.1 119,340 63.3 5,256 4.2 63,883 188,644 125,316 66.4 119,992 63.6 5,324 4.2 63,329 188,813 125,151 66.3 119,883 63.5 5,268 4.2 63,662 188,956 125,430 66.4 120,194 63.6 5,235 4.2 63,526 189,093 125,460 66.3 119,889 63.4 5,571 4.4 63,633 64,994 76.6 62,615 73.8 2,379 3.7 65,552 76.4 63,307 73.8 2,245 3.4 65,462 76.2 62,789 73.1 2,674 4.1 65,058 76.6 62,760 73.9 2,298 3.5 65,009 76.0 62,543 73.1 2,466 3.8 65,257 76.2 62,690 73.2 2,567 3.9 65,255 76.1 62,762 73.2 2,493 3.8 65,521 76.4 63,111 73.6 2,409 3.7 65,506 76.3 62,929 73.3 2,577 3.9 53,836 60.3 52,201 58.5 1,635 3.0 54,539 60.5 52,645 58.4 1,893 3.5 54,465 60.4 52,517 58.3 1,948 3.6 53,623 60.1 51,795 58.0 1,828 3.4 53,976 60.1 51,991 57.8 1,985 3.7 54,229 60.3 52,306 58.1 1,924 3.5 54,102 60.1 52,136 57.9 1,966 3.6 54,206 60.2 52,220 58.0 1,986 3.7 54,286 60.2 52,107 57.8 2,179 4.0 5,810 44.9 5,106 39.4 704 12.1 5,525 42.2 4,712 36.0 812 14.7 5,406 41.3 4,698 35.9 709 13.1 6,084 47.0 5,273 40.7 811 13.3 5,611 43.0 4,805 36.8 806 14.4 5,830 44.6 4,996 38.2 834 14.3 5,795 44.3 4,985 38.1 810 14.0 5,703 43.6 4,863 37.2 840 14.7 5,668 43.3 4,853 37.1 815 14.4 27,231 17,531 64.4 16,138 59.3 1,393 7.9 9,700 27,666 17,481 63.2 16,027 57.9 1,454 8.3 10,184 27,704 17,498 63.2 15,999 57.7 1,499 8.6 10,206 27,231 17,545 64.4 16,091 59.1 1,455 8.3 9,685 27,541 17,524 63.6 16,176 58.7 1,347 7.7 10,017 27,584 17,483 63.4 16,046 58.2 1,437 8.2 10,101 27,627 17,430 63.1 15,946 57.7 1,483 8.5 10,197 27,666 17,453 63.1 15,980 57.8 1,473 8.4 10,212 27,704 17,538 63.3 15,961 57.6 1,577 9.0 10,165 7,824 71.4 7,253 66.2 571 7.3 7,930 71.2 7,316 65.7 613 7.7 7,858 70.4 7,196 64.5 662 8.4 7,844 71.6 7,273 66.4 572 7.3 7,967 71.9 7,426 67.0 541 6.8 7,882 71.0 7,290 65.7 592 7.5 7,833 70.4 7,194 64.7 640 8.2 7,889 70.8 7,268 65.3 621 7.9 7,883 70.7 7,218 64.7 665 8.4 8,875 64.9 8,221 60.1 653 7.4 8,789 63.4 8,161 58.8 627 7.1 8,814 63.5 8,212 59.1 602 6.8 8,861 64.8 8,191 59.9 669 7.6 8,794 63.7 8,226 59.6 568 6.5 8,839 63.9 8,215 59.4 625 7.1 8,823 63.7 8,195 59.2 628 7.1 8,777 63.3 8,159 58.8 618 7.0 8,803 63.4 8,187 59.0 617 7.0 832 32.0 664 25.5 168 20.2 763 28.7 549 20.7 214 28.0 826 31.0 590 22.2 235 28.5 840 32.3 627 24.1 213 25.4 762 28.8 525 19.8 238 31.2 762 28.7 541 20.4 220 28.9 773 29.1 558 21.0 215 27.9 787 29.6 553 20.8 234 29.7 851 32.0 556 20.9 295 34.7 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Not in labor force .......................................................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Not in labor force .......................................................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. See footnotes at end of table. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted 1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 10,257 6,824 66.5 6,657 64.9 167 2.4 3,433 10,731 7,222 67.3 6,960 64.9 262 3.6 3,509 10,801 7,225 66.9 6,958 64.4 267 3.7 3,577 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Not in labor force .......................................................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted 1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 30,596 21,213 69.3 20,151 65.9 1,061 5.0 9,383 31,809 21,937 69.0 20,701 65.1 1,236 5.6 9,872 31,903 21,924 68.7 20,534 64.4 1,390 6.3 9,980 30,596 21,185 69.2 20,136 65.8 1,048 4.9 9,411 31,520 21,781 69.1 20,578 65.3 1,204 5.5 9,738 31,617 21,872 69.2 20,619 65.2 1,253 5.7 9,745 31,714 21,778 68.7 20,554 64.8 1,224 5.6 9,936 31,809 21,872 68.8 20,623 64.8 1,249 5.7 9,938 31,903 21,888 68.6 20,517 64.3 1,371 6.3 10,016 12,162 85.2 11,618 81.4 544 4.5 12,592 84.8 12,023 81.0 569 4.5 12,654 85.0 11,921 80.0 733 5.8 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 7,916 58.8 7,588 56.4 328 4.1 8,246 59.0 7,760 55.6 485 5.9 8,206 58.6 7,707 55.0 498 6.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 1,134 39.7 946 33.1 189 16.6 1,100 36.8 918 30.7 182 16.5 1,064 35.5 906 30.2 158 14.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population ................................. Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Not in labor force .......................................................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force ........................................................ Participation rate ....................................................... Employed .................................................................... Employment-population ratio .................................... Unemployed ............................................................... Unemployment rate .................................................. 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 Data not available. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 12,778 47.0 11,862 43.7 915 7.2 12,181 46.6 11,264 43.1 916 7.5 12,283 46.4 11,280 42.6 1,003 8.2 12,781 47.1 11,934 43.9 847 6.6 12,047 46.5 11,238 43.4 809 6.7 12,181 46.3 11,271 42.8 910 7.5 12,133 47.3 11,238 43.8 895 7.4 12,228 46.8 11,296 43.3 932 7.6 12,291 46.5 11,358 42.9 933 7.6 38,387 63.0 36,744 60.3 1,643 4.3 39,017 63.1 37,327 60.4 1,690 4.3 38,850 62.9 37,036 60.0 1,814 4.7 38,410 63.0 36,772 60.3 1,638 4.3 38,575 63.0 36,888 60.2 1,687 4.4 38,810 62.9 37,036 60.1 1,774 4.6 38,625 62.8 36,838 59.9 1,787 4.6 38,710 62.6 36,980 59.8 1,730 4.5 38,841 62.9 37,034 60.0 1,807 4.7 35,514 72.3 34,344 70.0 1,170 3.3 36,454 72.1 35,303 69.9 1,151 3.2 36,269 72.0 34,932 69.3 1,337 3.7 35,489 72.3 34,301 69.9 1,188 3.3 36,010 72.0 34,672 69.3 1,339 3.7 36,045 72.0 34,801 69.5 1,243 3.4 36,218 71.2 34,939 68.7 1,279 3.5 36,353 71.9 35,156 69.6 1,197 3.3 36,279 72.0 34,924 69.3 1,355 3.7 43,756 78.4 43,001 77.0 754 1.7 44,474 78.0 43,563 76.4 910 2.0 44,620 78.2 43,725 76.6 895 2.0 43,604 78.1 42,785 76.7 819 1.9 44,604 77.5 43,688 75.9 915 2.1 44,117 77.5 43,253 76.0 863 2.0 44,200 77.2 43,261 75.6 939 2.1 44,263 77.7 43,296 76.0 968 2.2 44,448 77.9 43,476 76.2 972 2.2 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force .......................................................... Participation rate ......................................................... Employed ...................................................................... Employment-population ratio ...................................... Unemployed ................................................................. Unemployment rate .................................................... High school graduates, no college 1 Civilian labor force .......................................................... Participation rate ......................................................... Employed ...................................................................... Employment-population ratio ...................................... Unemployed ................................................................. Unemployment rate .................................................... Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force .......................................................... Participation rate ......................................................... Employed ...................................................................... Employment-population ratio ...................................... Unemployed ................................................................. Unemployment rate .................................................... Bachelor’s degree and higher 2 Civilian labor force .......................................................... Participation rate ......................................................... Employed ...................................................................... Employment-population ratio ...................................... Unemployed ................................................................. Unemployment rate .................................................... 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. 2 Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. See box note in the BLS news release USDL 07-0486, "The Employment Situation: March 2007," issued on April 6, 2007, for a discussion of technical issues regarding educational attainment data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries ................................... Wage and salary workers ............................................. Self-employed workers ................................................. Unpaid family workers .................................................. 2,079 1,240 825 13 2,082 1,171 892 19 2,078 1,235 825 17 2,257 1,382 877 (1) 1,856 1,031 812 (1) 2,065 1,178 861 (1) 2,089 1,195 878 (1) 2,148 1,237 895 (1) 2,248 1,368 874 (1) Nonagricultural industries ............................................... Wage and salary workers ............................................. Government ................................................................ Private industries ........................................................ Private households ................................................... Other industries ........................................................ Self-employed workers ................................................. Unpaid family workers .................................................. 144,001 134,151 20,871 113,280 722 112,558 9,751 99 145,036 135,705 21,121 114,583 759 113,824 9,234 97 144,256 135,125 20,836 114,289 803 113,486 9,049 81 143,670 133,628 20,805 112,868 (1) 112,116 9,952 (1) 143,928 134,294 21,118 113,185 (1) 112,432 9,593 (1) 144,259 134,573 21,084 113,502 (1) 112,694 9,534 (1) 143,933 134,533 20,907 113,641 (1) 112,850 9,274 (1) 144,503 135,109 20,943 114,179 (1) 113,377 9,276 (1) 143,933 134,605 20,780 113,872 (1) 113,035 9,242 (1) All industries: Part time for economic reasons .................................. Slack work or business conditions ........................... Could only find part-time work ................................. Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 4,281 2,808 1,156 20,808 4,374 2,959 1,146 20,661 4,750 3,308 1,172 20,361 4,209 2,693 1,224 19,960 4,517 2,955 1,175 19,779 4,499 2,991 1,166 19,812 4,401 2,788 1,215 19,337 4,513 3,008 1,223 19,539 4,665 3,174 1,236 19,526 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons .................................. Slack work or business conditions ........................... Could only find part-time work ................................. Part time for noneconomic reasons ............................ 4,189 2,737 1,149 20,456 4,301 2,926 1,136 20,349 4,639 3,250 1,153 20,074 4,139 2,632 1,217 19,596 4,466 2,916 1,152 19,469 4,397 2,922 1,153 19,451 4,302 2,745 1,207 19,157 4,453 2,981 1,205 19,224 4,577 3,120 1,219 19,225 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME 2 1 Data not available. 2 Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Characteristic Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 20 years and over ......................................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 years and over ....................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 55 years and over ..................................................... 146,081 6,052 2,449 3,603 140,028 14,076 125,952 100,528 31,324 34,673 34,530 25,424 147,118 5,652 2,176 3,476 141,466 14,008 127,459 101,083 31,884 34,311 34,888 26,376 146,334 5,679 2,132 3,547 140,655 13,682 126,973 100,653 31,672 34,163 34,818 26,320 145,949 6,185 2,515 3,677 139,764 14,098 125,662 100,371 31,290 34,593 34,487 25,292 145,753 5,653 2,249 3,387 140,101 13,862 126,421 100,531 31,696 34,219 34,616 25,890 146,260 5,895 2,263 3,641 140,365 13,975 126,481 100,475 31,598 34,219 34,659 26,006 146,016 5,914 2,324 3,600 140,101 13,821 126,293 100,332 31,612 34,116 34,605 25,960 146,647 5,832 2,192 3,625 140,814 13,965 126,779 100,605 31,638 34,173 34,794 26,174 146,211 5,801 2,183 3,626 140,410 13,702 126,675 100,496 31,633 34,086 34,777 26,179 Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 20 years and over ......................................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 years and over ....................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 55 years and over ..................................................... 78,030 2,991 1,136 1,855 75,040 7,420 67,620 54,174 17,328 18,702 18,145 13,446 78,680 2,662 946 1,716 76,018 7,444 68,573 54,590 17,558 18,592 18,440 13,983 77,970 2,674 932 1,742 75,296 7,180 68,116 54,240 17,430 18,433 18,377 13,876 78,324 3,086 1,203 1,877 75,238 7,486 67,774 54,321 17,353 18,770 18,198 13,453 78,066 2,792 1,057 1,738 75,274 7,318 68,047 54,308 17,485 18,646 18,177 13,740 78,229 2,897 1,065 1,833 75,332 7,294 68,029 54,237 17,455 18,567 18,215 13,792 78,177 2,903 1,118 1,788 75,274 7,306 67,985 54,258 17,442 18,536 18,280 13,727 78,604 2,770 959 1,791 75,834 7,466 68,328 54,422 17,466 18,559 18,397 13,906 78,260 2,761 986 1,766 75,499 7,244 68,264 54,383 17,451 18,507 18,425 13,882 Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 20 years and over ......................................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 years and over ....................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 55 years and over ..................................................... 68,050 3,062 1,313 1,749 64,988 6,657 58,332 46,354 13,997 15,971 16,385 11,978 68,438 2,989 1,230 1,760 65,449 6,563 58,885 46,492 14,326 15,719 16,448 12,393 68,364 3,005 1,200 1,805 65,359 6,502 58,857 46,413 14,242 15,729 16,441 12,444 67,625 3,099 1,312 1,800 64,525 6,612 57,888 46,049 13,937 15,824 16,289 11,839 67,687 2,861 1,192 1,649 64,826 6,544 58,374 46,223 14,211 15,573 16,439 12,151 68,030 2,998 1,198 1,807 65,033 6,680 58,452 46,238 14,143 15,652 16,444 12,214 67,838 3,011 1,206 1,813 64,827 6,515 58,307 46,074 14,169 15,581 16,324 12,233 68,043 3,063 1,233 1,834 64,980 6,500 58,451 46,183 14,172 15,615 16,396 12,268 67,951 3,040 1,197 1,860 64,912 6,458 58,411 46,113 14,182 15,579 16,352 12,297 46,055 35,864 9,138 46,458 36,078 9,176 46,281 35,898 9,049 45,976 35,508 (1) 46,193 35,794 (1) 46,235 35,712 (1) 46,189 35,449 (1) 46,339 35,689 (1) 46,213 35,565 (1) 120,371 25,710 121,846 25,272 121,042 25,291 120,725 25,182 120,976 24,884 121,387 24,966 121,561 24,472 122,020 24,631 121,428 24,740 7,950 5.4 7,791 5.3 7,577 5.2 7,775 5.3 7,545 5.2 7,510 5.1 7,579 5.2 7,640 5.2 7,416 5.1 AGE AND SEX MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ......................................... Married women, spouse present .................................... Women who maintain families ........................................ FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers 2 ......................................................... Part-time workers 3 ......................................................... MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders ................................................. Percent of total employed ........................................... 1 Data not available. 2 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 3 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Characteristic Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates 1 Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Total, 16 years and over ................................................. 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 20 years and over ......................................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 years and over ....................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 55 years and over ..................................................... 6,760 1,074 493 579 5,685 1,193 4,508 3,770 1,411 1,329 1,030 777 7,181 1,145 516 609 6,036 1,222 4,840 4,021 1,565 1,256 1,200 814 7,655 1,196 531 660 6,459 1,414 5,079 4,259 1,642 1,336 1,282 856 4.4 14.8 16.4 13.6 3.9 7.8 3.5 3.6 4.3 3.7 2.9 3.0 4.7 16.2 18.6 14.6 4.1 8.4 3.6 3.8 4.7 3.5 3.2 3.2 4.7 16.0 18.6 14.3 4.2 8.8 3.7 3.8 4.9 3.4 3.2 3.1 4.8 15.7 17.5 14.3 4.2 8.6 3.7 3.8 4.8 3.5 3.4 3.1 4.7 16.4 19.0 14.4 4.1 8.0 3.7 3.8 4.7 3.5 3.3 3.0 5.0 17.1 19.6 15.4 4.4 9.4 3.9 4.1 4.9 3.8 3.6 3.2 Men, 16 years and over .................................................. 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 20 years and over ......................................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 years and over ....................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 55 years and over ..................................................... 3,680 596 271 324 3,084 667 2,421 1,970 770 665 535 451 3,910 670 262 388 3,240 704 2,547 2,099 886 618 595 448 4,188 683 280 399 3,505 791 2,725 2,272 942 690 641 453 4.5 16.2 18.4 14.7 3.9 8.2 3.4 3.5 4.2 3.4 2.9 3.2 4.7 18.0 21.7 15.2 4.1 8.9 3.6 3.7 4.7 3.2 3.1 3.4 4.9 18.3 21.9 16.2 4.3 9.5 3.7 3.8 4.9 3.3 3.1 3.3 4.9 18.1 19.0 16.8 4.3 9.3 3.7 3.8 4.9 3.4 3.2 3.1 4.7 19.5 21.4 17.8 4.1 8.6 3.6 3.7 4.8 3.2 3.1 3.1 5.1 19.8 22.1 18.4 4.4 9.8 3.8 4.0 5.1 3.6 3.4 3.2 Women, 16 years and over ............................................ 16 to 19 years ............................................................... 16 to 17 years ............................................................. 18 to 19 years ............................................................. 20 years and over ......................................................... 20 to 24 years ............................................................. 25 years and over ....................................................... 25 to 54 years ........................................................... 25 to 34 years ......................................................... 35 to 44 years ......................................................... 45 to 54 years ......................................................... 55 years and over 2 .................................................. 3,080 479 222 255 2,601 527 2,087 1,800 641 664 494 291 3,271 475 254 221 2,796 518 2,293 1,922 679 638 605 362 3,467 513 251 261 2,954 622 2,354 1,987 700 646 640 366 4.4 13.4 14.5 12.4 3.9 7.4 3.5 3.8 4.4 4.0 2.9 2.4 4.6 14.4 15.5 13.9 4.1 7.9 3.7 3.9 4.6 4.0 3.2 3.4 4.5 13.7 15.6 12.3 4.1 7.9 3.7 3.8 4.8 3.5 3.3 3.0 4.6 13.3 16.1 11.6 4.1 7.7 3.7 3.9 4.6 3.6 3.6 3.0 4.6 13.4 17.1 10.7 4.1 7.4 3.8 4.0 4.6 3.9 3.6 2.8 4.9 14.4 17.3 12.3 4.4 8.8 3.9 4.1 4.7 4.0 3.8 2.9 1,153 969 602 1,215 1,109 648 1,276 1,123 669 2.4 2.7 6.2 2.5 3.1 6.2 2.5 2.9 6.4 2.6 2.9 6.3 2.6 3.0 6.6 2.7 3.1 6.9 5,525 1,254 5,889 1,306 6,214 1,458 4.4 4.7 4.6 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.0 4.6 5.0 4.9 5.6 AGE AND SEX MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present ......................................... Married women, spouse present .................................... Women who maintain families 2 ..................................... FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers 3 ......................................................... Part-time workers 4 ......................................................... 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Not seasonally adjusted. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 3,374 1,054 2,320 1,654 666 730 1,916 471 3,382 814 2,568 1,814 754 763 2,150 622 4,013 1,061 2,952 2,066 887 724 2,078 556 3,242 968 2,274 1 ( ) (1) 803 2,169 592 3,632 981 2,652 1 ( ) (1) 794 2,076 603 3,622 963 2,660 1 ( ) (1) 839 2,154 685 3,731 1,064 2,668 (1) (1) 790 2,103 709 3,609 979 2,630 1 ( ) (1) 783 2,160 669 3,857 975 2,882 1 ( ) (1) 798 2,343 697 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 52.0 16.2 35.7 11.3 29.5 7.3 48.9 11.8 37.1 11.0 31.1 9.0 54.4 14.4 40.1 9.8 28.2 7.5 47.6 14.2 33.4 11.8 31.9 8.7 51.1 13.8 37.3 11.2 29.2 8.5 49.6 13.2 36.4 11.5 29.5 9.4 50.9 14.5 36.4 10.8 28.7 9.7 50.0 13.6 36.4 10.8 29.9 9.3 50.1 12.7 37.5 10.4 30.4 9.1 2.2 .5 1.3 .3 2.2 .5 1.4 .4 2.6 .5 1.4 .4 2.1 .5 1.4 .4 2.4 .5 1.4 .4 2.4 .5 1.4 .4 2.4 .5 1.4 .5 2.3 .5 1.4 .4 2.5 .5 1.5 .5 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ............................................................................... On temporary layoff .................................................... Not on temporary layoff .............................................. Permanent job losers .............................................. Persons who completed temporary jobs ................ Job leavers ..................................................................... Reentrants ...................................................................... New entrants .................................................................. PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed ........................................................... Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ............................................................................. On temporary layoff .................................................. Not on temporary layoff ............................................ Job leavers ................................................................... Reentrants .................................................................... New entrants ................................................................ UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ............................................................................. Job leavers ................................................................... Reentrants .................................................................... New entrants ................................................................ 1 Data not available. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Less than 5 weeks .............................................................................. 5 to 14 weeks ..................................................................................... 15 weeks and over ............................................................................. 15 to 26 weeks ................................................................................ 27 weeks and over .......................................................................... 2,507 1,986 1,997 945 1,052 2,450 2,176 2,291 933 1,358 2,666 2,302 2,403 1,128 1,275 2,650 2,013 2,094 994 1,099 2,610 2,201 2,375 1,124 1,252 2,537 2,330 2,392 1,112 1,280 2,508 2,454 2,367 1,052 1,315 2,633 2,157 2,398 1,014 1,384 2,793 2,330 2,520 1,182 1,338 Average (mean) duration, in weeks .................................................... Median duration, in weeks .................................................................. 15.9 7.4 17.6 8.6 16.4 8.3 16.1 7.5 16.9 8.6 16.6 8.9 17.0 8.7 17.2 8.7 16.6 8.4 100.0 38.6 30.6 30.8 14.6 16.2 100.0 35.4 31.5 33.1 13.5 19.6 100.0 36.2 31.2 32.6 15.3 17.3 100.0 39.2 29.8 31.0 14.7 16.3 100.0 36.3 30.6 33.1 15.6 17.4 100.0 34.9 32.1 33.0 15.3 17.6 100.0 34.2 33.5 32.3 14.4 17.9 100.0 36.6 30.0 33.4 14.1 19.3 100.0 36.5 30.5 33.0 15.5 17.5 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed ............................................................................... Less than 5 weeks ............................................................................ 5 to 14 weeks ................................................................................... 15 weeks and over ........................................................................... 15 to 26 weeks ............................................................................... 27 weeks and over ......................................................................... NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. Table A-10. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Employed Unemployed Occupation Total, 16 years and over 1 ....................................................... Management, professional, and related occupations ............. Management, business, and financial operations occupations .................................................................................... Professional and related occupations ...................................... Service occupations ....................................................................... Sales and office occupations ....................................................... Sales and related occupations .................................................. Office and administrative support occupations ...................... Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations .................................................................................... Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations ............................. Construction and extraction occupations ................................ Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations ................ Production, transportation, and material moving occupations .................................................................................... Production occupations .............................................................. Transportation and material moving occupations ................. Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 Unemployment rates Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 146,081 51,834 146,334 52,324 6,491 918 7,371 1,041 4.3 1.7 4.8 2.0 21,901 29,932 23,413 36,970 17,446 19,525 21,699 30,625 23,551 36,467 16,654 19,812 357 561 1,346 1,502 727 775 461 580 1,571 1,717 903 814 1.6 1.8 5.4 3.9 4.0 3.8 2.1 1.9 6.3 4.5 5.1 3.9 15,802 866 9,710 5,225 15,459 931 9,302 5,226 1,075 137 736 202 1,286 101 990 195 6.4 13.6 7.0 3.7 7.7 9.8 9.6 3.6 18,062 8,981 9,080 18,533 9,458 9,075 1,149 580 569 1,174 600 575 6.0 6.1 5.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 1 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Industry and class of worker Total, 16 years and over 1 .................................................... Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................... Mining ............................................................................................. Construction .................................................................................. Manufacturing ............................................................................... Durable goods ............................................................................ Nondurable goods ..................................................................... Wholesale and retail trade ......................................................... Transportation and utilities ......................................................... Information ..................................................................................... Financial activities ........................................................................ Professional and business services ......................................... Education and health services .................................................. Leisure and hospitality ................................................................ Other services ............................................................................... Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers ...... Government workers ..................................................................... Self employed and unpaid family workers ................................. Unemployment rates Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 6,491 5,199 25 725 660 395 265 965 190 108 227 791 502 701 306 139 395 287 7,371 5,943 24 968 772 459 313 1,009 210 125 315 803 521 961 235 96 451 326 Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 4.3 4.4 3.4 6.9 4.0 3.8 4.6 4.5 3.2 2.9 2.3 5.9 2.6 5.9 5.2 10.4 1.9 2.6 4.8 4.9 3.4 9.4 4.6 4.3 5.1 4.8 3.4 3.7 3.2 5.7 2.6 7.9 3.9 7.5 2.1 3.2 1 Persons with no previous work experience are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Table A-12. Alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Dec. 2006 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007 Dec. 2007 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force ..................................................................... 1.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force .............................................. 2.2 2.2 2.6 2.1 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.5 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate) ................................................. 4.3 4.5 4.8 4.4 4.7 4.7 4.8 4.7 5.0 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers ........................... 4.4 4.7 5.0 4.6 4.9 4.9 5.0 4.9 5.2 U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers ................................ 5.0 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.5 5.8 U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers ..................................................................................... 7.8 8.1 8.7 7.9 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.4 8.8 NOTE: Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not looking currently for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For more information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Seasonally adjusted household data have been revised to reflect updated seasonal adjustment factors. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Dec. 2007 77,537 4,121 1,252 79,451 4,398 1,344 29,573 1,934 699 30,680 2,039 755 47,963 2,187 553 48,771 2,359 589 274 978 363 981 194 506 238 516 81 472 125 464 Total multiple jobholders 4 .................................................................. Percent of total employed ............................................................... 7,950 5.4 7,577 5.2 3,966 5.1 3,734 4.8 3,984 5.9 3,843 5.6 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 4,252 1,728 300 1,606 4,067 1,868 252 1,344 2,399 535 187 811 2,239 565 166 746 1,853 1,193 113 795 1,828 1,303 86 598 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force .................................................................. Persons who currently want a job ...................................................... Searched for work and available to work now 1 ........................... Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects 2 .................................. Reasons other than discouragement 3 ................................. MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Industry Dec. 2006 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2007p Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Change from: Nov. 2007Dec. 2007 p Total nonfarm ............................. 137,959 139,258 139,568 139,229 137,167 138,159 138,203 138,362 138,477 138,495 18 Total private ........................................ 115,465 116,577 116,742 116,466 115,053 115,886 115,923 116,033 116,120 116,107 -13 Goods-producing ............................................ 22,417 22,511 22,321 22,014 22,520 22,349 22,309 22,266 22,221 22,146 -75 Natural resources and mining .................................. Logging ........................................................... Mining .................................................................... Oil and gas extraction ........................................ Mining, except oil and gas 1................................. Coal mining ...................................................... Support activities for mining .............................. 702 65.2 636.3 142.3 219.5 80.1 274.5 736 64.5 671.7 152.7 234.4 81.0 284.6 734 64.1 670.3 153.6 232.7 81.9 284.0 734 62.9 671.3 154.2 230.3 82.9 286.8 705 64.6 640.0 143.2 222.4 79.9 274.4 728 62.4 665.2 151.5 230.1 80.6 283.6 728 62.4 665.4 151.9 229.9 81.1 283.6 728 61.9 666.4 153.6 230.7 81.3 282.1 733 62.2 670.7 154.5 231.7 82.2 284.5 738 62.4 675.7 155.2 233.8 82.4 286.7 5 .2 5.0 .7 2.1 .2 2.2 Construction ............................................................. Construction of buildings ................................... Residential building ......................................... Nonresidential building .................................... Heavy and civil engineering construction ........ Specialty trade contractors ............................... Residential specialty trade contractors ........... Nonresidential specialty trade contractors ..... 7,579 1,788.0 1,008.8 779.2 960.4 4,830.5 2,297.3 2,533.2 7,788 1,780.5 982.4 798.1 1,052.1 4,955.7 2,296.4 2,659.3 7,631 1,746.3 959.8 786.5 1,017.1 4,868.0 2,239.3 2,628.7 7,360 1,705.3 938.1 767.2 948.0 4,706.9 2,159.2 2,547.7 7,684 1,799.7 1,013.0 786.7 993.5 4,890.5 2,331.2 2,559.3 7,620 1,768.0 983.0 785.0 994.2 4,857.7 2,280.0 2,577.7 7,595 1,765.2 979.0 786.2 990.3 4,839.7 2,258.0 2,581.7 7,575 1,748.2 965.3 782.9 991.8 4,834.6 2,242.3 2,592.3 7,538 1,735.9 955.4 780.5 989.7 4,812.3 2,222.7 2,589.6 7,489 1,719.3 943.6 775.7 985.6 4,783.6 2,206.0 2,577.6 -49 -16.6 -11.8 -4.8 -4.1 -28.7 -16.7 -12.0 Manufacturing ........................................................... Production workers ....................................... 14,136 10,131 13,987 10,069 13,956 10,051 13,920 10,022 14,131 10,126 14,001 10,062 13,986 10,064 13,963 10,045 13,950 10,040 13,919 10,019 -31 -21 Durable goods ....................................................... Production workers ....................................... Wood products ................................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ............................ Primary metals .................................................... Fabricated metal products ................................. Machinery ........................................................... Computer and electronic products 1.................... Computer and peripheral equipment ............. Communications equipment ........................... Semiconductors and electronic components . Electronic instruments ..................................... Electrical equipment and appliances ................ Transportation equipment 1.................................. Motor vehicles and parts 2................................. Furniture and related products .......................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................ 8,981 6,359 537.2 498.7 454.3 1,567.0 1,210.1 1,320.6 200.5 144.1 465.2 438.1 438.5 1,753.7 1,053.1 540.1 660.3 8,841 6,281 517.9 501.7 445.6 1,575.9 1,222.9 1,289.5 196.1 140.1 453.4 433.4 433.4 1,679.8 973.9 521.8 652.4 8,837 6,283 509.3 495.7 446.5 1,567.8 1,226.8 1,291.0 197.1 140.3 452.9 433.5 434.0 1,688.6 978.8 522.7 655.0 8,831 6,273 503.9 485.0 446.1 1,568.7 1,230.4 1,292.0 198.5 140.0 453.7 434.2 434.0 1,689.9 978.7 521.5 659.1 8,972 6,349 540.4 504.0 454.6 1,564.9 1,210.1 1,319.9 199.8 143.8 466.2 438.3 437.4 1,741.0 1,043.9 541.1 658.2 8,873 6,290 523.2 495.3 447.8 1,568.2 1,223.3 1,300.5 196.5 142.7 458.3 434.5 434.6 1,700.2 997.4 526.9 652.5 8,862 6,294 518.3 495.3 446.9 1,569.9 1,223.3 1,296.9 196.9 142.3 455.9 434.2 435.0 1,699.4 994.0 525.7 651.6 8,845 6,281 516.9 494.8 446.7 1,572.9 1,226.4 1,291.9 196.6 139.9 455.2 434.0 435.3 1,684.0 978.1 522.8 653.2 8,843 6,283 511.5 492.6 447.4 1,568.8 1,229.6 1,294.7 197.6 141.0 455.4 434.5 436.1 1,684.5 976.0 524.6 652.9 8,823 6,265 507.6 490.5 446.3 1,566.6 1,231.1 1,291.2 197.5 139.7 455.1 434.0 433.0 1,678.3 969.7 522.5 655.9 -20 -18 -3.9 -2.1 -1.1 -2.2 1.5 -3.5 -.1 -1.3 -.3 -.5 -3.1 -6.2 -6.3 -2.1 3.0 Nondurable goods ................................................. 5,155 Production workers ....................................... 3,772 Food manufacturing ........................................... 1,485.1 Beverages and tobacco products ...................... 193.6 Textile mills ......................................................... 184.6 Textile product mills ........................................... 157.2 Apparel ................................................................ 228.8 Leather and allied products ............................... 36.6 Paper and paper products ................................. 461.9 Printing and related support activities ............... 640.3 Petroleum and coal products ............................. 114.6 Chemicals ........................................................... 871.0 Plastics and rubber products ............................. 781.6 5,146 3,788 1,521.8 200.5 167.3 152.5 210.2 36.1 456.1 628.5 117.7 869.8 785.1 5,119 3,768 1,504.7 197.4 165.9 151.2 211.0 36.0 453.7 629.8 116.9 867.1 785.0 5,089 3,749 1,496.9 191.8 163.2 149.7 207.9 35.0 454.2 626.8 113.4 871.3 778.9 5,159 3,777 1,485.1 195.5 185.0 157.7 230.4 36.5 462.6 636.7 117.1 871.0 781.7 5,128 3,772 1,497.0 198.5 168.3 153.0 214.4 35.6 456.3 626.2 116.1 874.9 787.9 5,124 3,770 1,494.8 198.0 166.7 152.5 212.5 36.3 456.0 629.0 116.7 875.3 786.1 5,118 3,764 1,498.2 197.0 167.0 152.2 210.5 35.8 456.4 627.5 116.2 872.3 784.4 5,107 3,757 1,493.2 197.1 165.7 152.0 210.7 35.5 454.0 627.2 117.1 870.4 783.6 5,096 3,754 1,497.2 194.7 163.5 150.5 208.8 35.0 454.7 623.7 115.8 871.7 780.2 -11 -3 4.0 -2.4 -2.2 -1.5 -1.9 -.5 .7 -3.5 -1.3 1.3 -3.4 See footnotes at the end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Industry Dec. 2006 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2007p Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Service-providing .............................................. 115,542 116,747 117,247 117,215 114,647 115,810 115,894 116,096 116,256 116,349 Change from: Nov. 2007Dec. 2007 p 93 Private service-providing ............................... 93,048 94,066 94,421 94,452 92,533 93,537 93,614 93,767 93,899 93,961 62 Trade, transportation, and utilities ........................... 26,979 26,562 27,028 27,154 26,345 26,494 26,518 26,510 26,554 26,526 -28 Wholesale trade .................................................... 5,960.7 Durable goods .................................................... 3,105.9 Nondurable goods .............................................. 2,057.2 Electronic markets and agents and brokers ..... 797.6 6,054.2 3,155.3 2,087.9 811.0 6,052.2 3,157.1 2,088.5 806.6 6,053.3 3,159.1 2,081.4 812.8 5,955.0 3,104.3 2,055.0 795.7 6,022.5 3,147.0 2,068.0 807.5 6,033.8 3,151.5 2,073.8 808.5 6,045.4 3,154.7 2,080.6 810.1 6,048.2 3,160.1 2,079.7 808.4 6,047.0 3,157.4 2,078.9 810.7 -1.2 -2.7 -.8 2.3 Retail trade ............................................................ 15,895.9 15,368.5 15,810.7 15,931.3 15,323.7 15,385.6 15,383.0 15,362.6 15,394.6 15,370.3 Motor vehicle and parts dealers 1........................ 1,899.2 1,914.3 1,906.7 1,895.8 1,908.5 1,908.2 1,910.3 1,907.2 1,907.7 1,905.9 Automobile dealers ......................................... 1,240.3 1,252.6 1,248.0 1,237.6 1,244.8 1,246.4 1,247.5 1,247.7 1,246.2 1,243.0 Furniture and home furnishings stores ............. 615.4 587.5 617.1 618.2 591.4 586.5 583.9 586.2 596.6 592.9 Electronics and appliance stores ....................... 553.3 531.6 557.9 559.2 531.4 532.7 534.0 530.6 536.2 536.0 Building material and garden supply stores ...... 1,282.4 1,269.2 1,254.6 1,244.1 1,314.1 1,305.9 1,288.4 1,283.2 1,280.7 1,279.0 Food and beverage stores ................................. 2,880.2 2,885.9 2,926.2 2,929.3 2,843.7 2,873.5 2,878.8 2,883.2 2,891.9 2,891.3 Health and personal care stores ....................... 974.7 971.0 987.0 996.4 959.7 970.8 973.5 973.5 978.1 980.5 Gasoline stations ................................................ 853.6 852.7 850.7 844.3 854.8 851.1 854.3 851.1 850.8 846.5 Clothing and clothing accessories stores ......... 1,609.2 1,450.0 1,567.9 1,619.5 1,460.1 1,460.3 1,462.1 1,460.0 1,473.6 1,465.7 Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music stores ................................................................ 715.1 667.8 712.0 722.7 648.9 666.7 669.6 664.9 665.4 661.5 General merchandise stores 1............................. 3,120.4 2,899.1 3,060.6 3,119.7 2,885.4 2,906.4 2,902.6 2,902.6 2,893.5 2,895.3 Department stores .......................................... 1,715.6 1,543.3 1,671.0 1,722.5 1,537.7 1,549.9 1,547.2 1,548.5 1,542.8 1,547.6 Miscellaneous store retailers ............................. 912.3 885.6 889.9 893.7 881.4 880.3 883.1 877.0 873.3 865.6 Nonstore retailers ............................................... 480.1 453.8 480.1 488.4 444.3 443.2 442.4 443.1 446.8 450.1 -24.3 -1.8 -3.2 -3.7 -.2 -1.7 -.6 2.4 -4.3 -7.9 Transportation and warehousing .......................... 4,574.8 Air transportation ................................................ 489.1 Rail transportation .............................................. 226.8 Water transportation ........................................... 66.6 Truck transportation ........................................... 1,456.0 Transit and ground passenger transportation ... 405.9 Pipeline transportation ....................................... 39.7 Scenic and sightseeing transportation .............. 22.3 Support activities for transportation ................... 577.4 Couriers and messengers .................................. 629.1 Warehousing and storage .................................. 661.9 -3.9 1.8 4.8 -7.7 3.3 4,584.3 496.4 226.9 70.4 1,456.2 415.1 41.3 28.6 591.2 587.5 670.7 4,610.4 499.7 227.7 68.9 1,447.6 411.3 41.5 26.2 592.8 617.0 677.7 4,613.9 502.6 227.5 69.1 1,439.0 408.0 41.3 23.4 596.6 632.3 674.1 4,517.0 488.3 226.4 67.8 1,453.6 390.2 39.7 27.8 575.9 596.4 650.9 4,529.8 492.5 227.4 70.6 1,443.5 400.1 41.0 27.4 584.3 588.1 654.9 4,545.8 494.6 227.7 70.5 1,445.6 401.2 41.1 27.7 587.5 590.3 659.6 4,545.5 495.8 227.1 70.3 1,440.1 399.8 41.3 28.0 590.8 590.2 662.1 4,555.2 500.1 226.7 70.7 1,438.3 395.1 41.6 28.4 593.3 596.8 664.2 4,551.3 502.0 227.5 70.4 1,436.2 392.8 41.3 28.4 594.0 595.2 663.5 -3.9 1.9 .8 -.3 -2.1 -2.3 -.3 .0 .7 -1.6 -.7 Utilities ................................................................... 548.0 555.3 554.3 555.9 549.2 556.0 555.6 556.3 555.9 556.9 1.0 Information ................................................................ Publishing industries, except Internet ............... Motion picture and sound recording industries . Broadcasting, except Internet ............................ Internet publishing and broadcasting ................ Telecommunications .......................................... ISPs, search portals, and data processing ....... Other information services ................................. 3,088 909.6 386.0 338.3 37.0 977.8 387.3 51.9 3,079 900.3 375.9 335.4 44.7 972.3 396.9 53.1 3,089 902.8 371.5 338.6 45.1 980.1 398.7 52.3 3,082 903.0 364.3 335.9 44.6 983.1 399.4 51.5 3,073 906.1 378.3 335.6 37.0 978.0 386.1 52.1 3,087 904.0 380.3 336.3 43.1 973.1 397.5 52.2 3,093 900.6 385.9 337.4 44.0 974.1 398.2 52.3 3,088 901.4 381.1 335.4 44.5 974.8 397.9 53.3 3,083 900.5 372.0 336.9 44.9 978.5 398.1 52.4 3,070 899.4 360.4 333.2 44.6 982.4 398.5 51.7 -13 -1.1 -11.6 -3.7 -.3 3.9 .4 -.7 Financial activities .................................................... Finance and insurance .......................................... Monetary authorities - central bank ................... Credit intermediation and related activities 1....... Depository credit intermediation 1..................... Commercial banking .................................... Securities, commodity contracts, investments .. Insurance carriers and related activities ........... Funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles ........ Real estate and rental and leasing ....................... Real estate .......................................................... Rental and leasing services ............................... Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets ......... 8,436 6,242.2 21.7 2,959.5 1,822.8 1,335.1 829.7 2,335.9 95.4 2,193.9 1,517.3 645.7 30.9 8,433 6,232.3 21.5 2,896.6 1,834.9 1,338.7 852.6 2,365.6 96.0 2,200.4 1,523.3 644.8 32.3 8,410 6,229.1 21.5 2,889.5 1,833.8 1,336.6 854.1 2,368.5 95.5 2,181.1 1,511.4 637.3 32.4 8,410 6,224.7 21.4 2,883.9 1,837.4 1,339.0 851.1 2,372.3 96.0 2,185.3 1,519.9 631.9 33.5 8,438 6,239.8 21.8 2,959.7 1,824.6 1,336.9 829.2 2,333.9 95.2 2,198.0 1,516.4 650.9 30.7 8,463 6,256.4 21.8 2,926.8 1,834.6 1,337.7 848.7 2,362.6 96.5 2,206.4 1,528.1 645.4 32.9 8,439 6,241.6 21.6 2,909.2 1,839.1 1,340.2 849.7 2,365.3 95.8 2,197.7 1,521.2 643.9 32.6 8,437 6,235.5 21.6 2,900.8 1,838.7 1,340.4 850.0 2,366.7 96.4 2,201.5 1,523.4 645.6 32.5 8,421 6,229.1 21.5 2,891.3 1,836.5 1,338.9 850.6 2,369.9 95.8 2,191.9 1,517.4 642.2 32.3 8,417 6,223.2 21.5 2,884.3 1,837.0 1,339.0 850.9 2,370.7 95.8 2,193.9 1,522.8 637.9 33.2 -4 -5.9 .0 -7.0 .5 .1 .3 .8 .0 2.0 5.4 -4.3 .9 See footnotes at the end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Continued (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Dec. 2006 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Change from: Nov. 2007Dec. 2007 p Professional and business services ........................ Professional and technical services 1..................... Legal services .................................................. Accounting and bookkeeping services ........... Architectural and engineering services .......... Computer systems design and related services .......................................................... Management and technical consulting services .......................................................... Management of companies and enterprises ....... Administrative and waste services ....................... Administrative and support services 1................. Employment services 1...................................... Temporary help services ............................. Business support services .............................. Services to buildings and dwellings ............... Waste management and remediation services 17,786 7,505.7 1,180.6 919.0 1,404.7 18,189 7,724.8 1,182.4 907.6 1,463.5 18,167 7,765.8 1,178.0 932.4 1,462.4 18,100 7,832.9 1,180.6 986.0 1,460.7 17,792 7,499.8 1,179.0 925.1 1,411.4 17,942 7,689.0 1,178.4 957.7 1,440.1 17,954 7,731.0 1,181.6 968.3 1,444.5 18,024 7,762.9 1,182.1 973.4 1,454.3 18,063 7,789.2 1,178.9 979.1 1,458.6 18,106 7,821.9 1,179.6 985.6 1,466.1 43 32.7 .7 6.5 7.5 1,308.4 1,370.2 1,376.5 1,378.0 1,303.3 1,355.6 1,363.8 1,365.8 1,372.3 1,373.7 1.4 961.5 1,829.6 8,450.3 8,102.8 3,740.2 2,697.6 818.2 1,730.7 347.5 1,022.9 1,854.8 8,609.8 8,252.7 3,665.3 2,710.1 800.5 1,901.4 357.1 1,034.1 1,858.2 8,542.8 8,183.6 3,639.5 2,691.8 804.6 1,852.7 359.2 1,049.8 1,869.0 8,398.4 8,040.2 3,578.6 2,641.7 816.0 1,786.3 358.2 953.8 1,826.0 8,466.4 8,117.0 3,674.2 2,641.6 806.9 1,817.7 349.4 1,001.7 1,852.1 8,400.6 8,045.1 3,523.4 2,578.6 803.4 1,848.7 355.5 1,010.2 1,853.2 8,370.1 8,013.7 3,484.8 2,561.2 802.5 1,850.4 356.4 1,020.8 1,858.9 8,402.2 8,046.1 3,515.3 2,584.1 798.6 1,858.1 356.1 1,029.9 1,862.1 8,411.9 8,052.2 3,518.3 2,595.7 798.5 1,852.3 359.7 1,042.2 1,867.5 8,416.9 8,057.5 3,515.8 2,595.8 804.1 1,871.3 359.4 12.3 5.4 5.0 5.3 -2.5 .1 5.6 19.0 -.3 Education and health services ................................ 18,241 18,741 18,820 18,799 18,063 18,484 18,505 18,554 18,583 18,627 Educational services ............................................. 3,092.9 3,201.6 3,228.8 3,174.2 2,948.6 3,039.7 3,020.0 3,028.4 3,027.7 3,034.8 Health care and social assistance ........................ 15,148.0 15,539.3 15,591.3 15,625.0 15,113.9 15,443.9 15,484.5 15,525.9 15,555.4 15,592.3 Health care 3......................................................... 12,806.2 13,121.7 13,158.0 13,186.6 12,779.2 13,041.8 13,071.3 13,111.0 13,131.9 13,159.8 Ambulatory health care services 1.................... 5,386.9 5,555.9 5,571.1 5,586.8 5,369.2 5,507.0 5,523.4 5,548.7 5,555.2 5,568.0 Offices of physicians .................................... 2,199.4 2,250.0 2,264.4 2,273.9 2,185.5 2,232.5 2,240.6 2,248.4 2,255.9 2,259.7 Outpatient care centers ................................ 493.9 502.3 503.7 504.2 493.6 498.7 500.7 502.3 502.9 503.5 Home health care services .......................... 892.1 940.7 942.3 942.0 890.9 931.9 932.8 938.4 938.7 941.2 Hospitals .......................................................... 4,471.7 4,569.5 4,580.3 4,587.4 4,469.5 4,546.3 4,555.6 4,567.0 4,575.3 4,585.0 Nursing and residential care facilities 1............ 2,947.6 2,996.3 3,006.6 3,012.4 2,940.5 2,988.5 2,992.3 2,995.3 3,001.4 3,006.8 Nursing care facilities ................................... 1,600.0 1,617.0 1,620.7 1,623.2 1,596.4 1,613.8 1,614.7 1,615.3 1,617.0 1,619.9 Social assistance 1................................................ 2,341.8 2,417.6 2,433.3 2,438.4 2,334.7 2,402.1 2,413.2 2,414.9 2,423.5 2,432.5 Child day care services ................................... 814.0 826.3 831.0 828.3 803.6 815.3 819.8 816.6 818.7 819.1 44 7.1 36.9 27.9 12.8 3.8 .6 2.5 9.7 5.4 2.9 9.0 .4 Leisure and hospitality ............................................. 13,086 13,604 13,449 13,448 13,373 13,589 13,630 13,677 13,712 13,734 Arts, entertainment, and recreation ...................... 1,807.8 1,957.4 1,860.5 1,854.3 1,957.2 1,968.0 1,977.4 1,995.7 1,998.3 1,999.6 Performing arts and spectator sports ................ 389.0 425.7 410.3 414.9 406.4 410.7 412.6 421.1 422.4 429.3 Museums, historical sites, zoos, and parks ...... 120.9 134.3 128.2 124.2 127.1 131.8 132.3 132.2 131.8 131.1 Amusements, gambling, and recreation ........... 1,297.9 1,397.4 1,322.0 1,315.2 1,423.7 1,425.5 1,432.5 1,442.4 1,444.1 1,439.2 Accommodations and food services .................... 11,278.1 11,646.5 11,588.7 11,593.5 11,415.9 11,621.4 11,652.3 11,681.7 11,713.2 11,734.8 Accommodations ................................................ 1,804.0 1,852.4 1,830.7 1,823.8 1,863.2 1,850.8 1,864.3 1,869.1 1,882.9 1,877.9 Food services and drinking places .................... 9,474.1 9,794.1 9,758.0 9,769.7 9,552.7 9,770.6 9,788.0 9,812.6 9,830.3 9,856.9 22 1.3 6.9 -.7 -4.9 21.6 -5.0 26.6 Other services .......................................................... 5,432 Repair and maintenance .................................... 1,245.2 Personal and laundry services .......................... 1,285.2 Membership associations and organizations .... 2,901.4 5,458 1,257.6 1,282.5 2,917.6 5,458 1,255.8 1,282.9 2,919.7 5,459 1,246.5 1,288.0 2,924.8 5,449 1,251.6 1,287.4 2,909.7 5,478 1,260.6 1,292.4 2,925.2 5,475 1,261.8 1,290.5 2,923.0 5,477 1,259.8 1,288.7 2,928.1 5,483 1,261.2 1,290.1 2,931.2 5,481 1,256.1 1,291.3 2,933.6 -2 -5.1 1.2 2.4 Government .............................................................. Federal ................................................................... Federal, except U.S. Postal Service ................. U.S. Postal Service ............................................ State government .................................................. State government education .............................. State government, excluding education ............ Local government .................................................. Local government education ............................. Local government, excluding education ........... 22,681 2,710 1,951.1 759.0 5,298 2,483.9 2,814.4 14,673 8,339.3 6,333.4 22,826 2,714 1,950.3 764.0 5,331 2,514.9 2,815.7 14,781 8,453.2 6,327.6 22,763 2,714 1,940.0 774.2 5,286 2,470.0 2,816.0 14,763 8,449.3 6,313.7 22,114 2,713 1,948.6 764.5 5,111 2,311.8 2,798.9 14,290 8,015.6 6,274.1 22,273 2,714 1,952.1 761.9 5,137 2,320.3 2,817.1 14,422 8,066.1 6,355.7 22,280 2,710 1,949.2 760.9 5,159 2,336.9 2,822.1 14,411 8,048.4 6,363.0 22,329 2,710 1,949.9 759.6 5,162 2,336.9 2,824.9 14,457 8,083.7 6,372.9 22,357 2,711 1,950.6 760.6 5,170 2,340.2 2,829.5 14,476 8,093.3 6,383.0 22,388 2,707 1,950.1 756.6 5,181 2,348.3 2,832.7 14,500 8,109.8 6,389.8 31 -4 -.5 -4.0 11 8.1 3.2 24 16.5 6.8 1 22,494 2,723 1,938.8 784.2 5,214 2,432.5 2,781.4 14,557 8,351.1 6,205.5 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. 2 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Not seasonally adjusted Industry Seasonally adjusted Change from: Nov. 2007Dec. 2007 p Dec. 2006 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Total private ....................................... 33.9 33.8 33.7 34.1 33.9 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 33.8 0.0 Goods-producing .......................................... 41.0 40.9 40.7 40.7 40.7 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.6 40.5 -.1 Natural resources and mining .............................. 45.6 46.6 46.1 46.2 45.6 45.7 46.2 46.0 46.2 46.1 -.1 Construction ............................................................ 39.3 39.6 38.9 38.4 39.8 38.7 38.8 39.0 39.0 38.9 -.1 Manufacturing ......................................................... Overtime hours ............................................ 41.7 4.6 41.4 4.2 41.5 4.3 41.8 4.3 41.0 4.2 41.4 4.1 41.3 4.1 41.2 4.1 41.3 4.1 41.1 3.9 -.2 -.2 Durable goods ..................................................... Overtime hours ............................................ 42.0 4.6 41.7 4.3 41.6 4.3 42.0 4.3 41.2 4.2 41.7 4.1 41.6 4.1 41.5 4.1 41.5 4.1 41.3 3.9 -.2 -.2 Wood products .................................................. Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... Primary metals .................................................. Fabricated metal products .............................. Machinery .......................................................... Computer and electronic products ................ Electrical equipment and appliances ............ Transportation equipment ............................... Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. Furniture and related products ....................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 39.6 42.4 44.1 41.7 43.2 41.3 41.6 43.6 42.8 39.7 39.3 39.7 43.1 42.4 42.0 43.1 40.9 41.3 42.8 42.4 39.1 38.9 39.1 42.9 42.6 41.8 43.0 41.3 41.6 42.5 41.8 39.1 38.6 39.9 40.6 43.1 41.9 43.5 42.0 42.6 43.2 42.6 39.4 39.5 39.3 42.7 43.3 41.0 42.3 40.4 40.4 42.5 41.7 39.0 38.7 39.6 42.8 43.0 41.7 42.6 40.7 41.3 43.2 42.4 39.7 39.1 39.7 42.7 42.6 41.8 42.7 40.7 41.3 42.7 42.1 39.4 39.5 39.5 42.4 42.5 41.7 42.9 40.7 40.9 42.6 42.1 39.1 38.8 39.4 42.8 42.6 41.6 42.9 41.0 41.2 42.4 41.9 39.0 38.6 39.7 41.0 42.4 41.4 42.7 41.1 41.4 42.3 41.7 38.8 38.9 .3 -1.8 -.2 -.2 -.2 .1 .2 -.1 -.2 -.2 .3 Nondurable goods ............................................... Overtime hours ............................................ 41.1 4.5 41.0 4.2 41.3 4.3 41.4 4.2 40.6 4.3 40.8 4.1 40.8 4.1 40.8 4.1 40.9 4.1 40.9 4.0 .0 -.1 Food manufacturing ......................................... Beverages and tobacco products .................. Textile mills ........................................................ Textile product mills ......................................... Apparel ............................................................... Leather and allied products ............................ Paper and paper products .............................. Printing and related support activities ........... Petroleum and coal products .......................... Chemicals .......................................................... Plastics and rubber products .......................... 41.1 40.4 41.5 40.1 36.7 38.7 43.0 39.9 44.0 42.4 41.3 41.2 40.2 39.9 39.2 37.2 37.8 43.6 39.1 43.1 41.4 41.6 41.3 40.2 40.6 38.6 37.7 38.8 43.6 39.2 45.3 42.2 42.1 41.6 41.4 41.5 39.2 38.0 39.5 43.4 39.4 42.5 42.3 41.9 40.4 40.7 41.0 39.2 36.7 38.2 42.4 39.5 44.7 42.0 40.6 40.6 40.9 39.8 39.9 37.4 37.5 43.1 39.1 43.7 42.0 41.4 40.7 40.7 40.5 39.9 37.4 37.7 43.1 38.8 43.4 41.9 41.6 40.8 40.7 40.4 39.4 37.0 37.7 43.3 38.8 42.8 41.6 41.6 40.6 40.3 40.7 38.5 37.6 38.3 43.1 39.0 44.4 42.1 42.1 40.9 41.6 40.8 38.6 38.0 38.8 42.9 38.9 43.4 41.9 41.3 .3 1.3 .1 .1 .4 .5 -.2 -.1 -1.0 -.2 -.8 Private service-providing ............................. 32.4 32.3 32.3 32.8 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 32.4 .0 Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 33.6 33.3 33.3 33.8 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.3 33.4 33.3 -.1 Wholesale trade ................................................... 38.0 38.1 38.1 38.7 38.0 38.2 38.2 38.1 38.1 38.2 .1 Retail trade ........................................................... 30.7 30.1 30.2 30.6 30.4 30.1 30.3 30.2 30.3 30.1 -.2 Transportation and warehousing ...................... 37.1 36.8 36.9 37.5 36.9 37.0 37.0 36.8 36.8 36.8 .0 Utilities ................................................................... 41.8 42.5 42.5 42.6 42.0 42.5 42.6 42.2 42.6 42.8 .2 Information ............................................................... 36.5 36.1 36.1 36.5 36.6 36.3 36.3 36.1 36.1 36.1 .0 Financial activities .................................................. 35.8 35.5 35.6 36.4 36.0 35.8 35.7 35.7 35.8 35.7 -.1 Professional and business services .................... 34.5 34.7 34.8 35.4 34.6 34.7 34.8 34.8 34.9 35.0 .1 Education and health services ............................. 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.9 32.4 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 32.6 .0 Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 25.4 25.2 24.9 25.2 25.7 25.4 25.4 25.3 25.2 25.2 .0 Other services ......................................................... 30.8 30.8 30.8 31.0 30.9 30.8 30.9 30.8 30.9 30.8 -.1 1 Data relate to production workers in natural resources and mining and manufacturing, construction workers in construction, and nonsupervisory workers in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail Average hourly earnings Industry Average weekly earnings Dec. 2006 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Dec. 2006 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Total private ....................................... Seasonally adjusted ..................... $17.07 17.07 $17.58 17.57 $17.63 17.64 $17.77 17.71 $578.67 578.67 $594.20 593.87 $594.13 596.23 $605.96 598.60 Goods-producing .......................................... 18.37 18.83 18.88 18.92 753.17 770.15 768.42 770.04 Natural resources and mining .............................. 20.61 21.04 21.46 21.56 939.82 980.46 989.31 996.07 Construction ............................................................ 20.52 21.23 21.30 21.43 806.44 840.71 828.57 822.91 Manufacturing ......................................................... 17.09 17.31 17.38 17.45 712.65 716.63 721.27 729.41 Durable goods ..................................................... Wood products .................................................. Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... Primary metals .................................................. Fabricated metal products .............................. Machinery .......................................................... Computer and electronic products ................ Electrical equipment and appliances ............ Transportation equipment ............................... Furniture and related products ....................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 18.04 13.64 16.73 19.45 16.44 17.78 19.57 15.72 22.76 14.13 14.47 18.27 13.82 16.99 19.76 16.68 17.70 20.25 15.71 23.18 14.38 14.67 18.32 13.74 17.18 19.80 16.75 17.74 20.10 15.64 23.29 14.32 14.78 18.40 13.92 16.94 19.87 16.93 17.75 20.21 15.62 23.19 14.47 15.10 757.68 540.14 709.35 857.75 685.55 768.10 808.24 653.95 992.34 560.96 568.67 761.86 548.65 732.27 837.82 700.56 762.87 828.23 648.82 992.10 562.26 570.66 762.11 537.23 737.02 843.48 700.15 762.82 830.13 650.62 989.83 559.91 570.51 772.80 555.41 687.76 856.40 709.37 772.13 848.82 665.41 1,001.81 570.12 596.45 Nondurable goods ............................................... Food manufacturing ......................................... Beverages and tobacco products .................. Textile mills ........................................................ Textile product mills ......................................... Apparel ............................................................... Leather and allied products ............................ Paper and paper products .............................. Printing and related support activities ........... Petroleum and coal products .......................... Chemicals .......................................................... Plastics and rubber products .......................... 15.47 13.33 18.34 12.63 11.90 10.64 11.70 18.23 15.91 23.96 19.87 15.16 15.69 13.60 18.68 12.93 11.81 11.07 12.08 18.49 16.47 24.85 19.34 15.38 15.81 13.61 19.29 12.97 11.90 11.15 12.27 18.55 16.36 26.40 19.53 15.46 15.86 13.67 19.45 13.18 12.00 11.10 12.11 18.71 16.56 24.86 19.67 15.61 635.82 547.86 740.94 524.15 477.19 390.49 452.79 783.89 634.81 1,054.24 842.49 626.11 643.29 560.32 750.94 515.91 462.95 411.80 456.62 806.16 643.98 1,071.04 800.68 639.81 652.95 562.09 775.46 526.58 459.34 420.36 476.08 808.78 641.31 1,195.92 824.17 650.87 656.60 568.67 805.23 546.97 470.40 421.80 478.35 812.01 652.46 1,056.55 832.04 654.06 Private service-providing ............................. 16.73 17.25 17.31 17.48 542.05 557.18 559.11 573.34 Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 15.41 15.97 15.91 15.94 517.78 531.80 529.80 538.77 Wholesale trade ................................................... 19.24 19.74 19.81 20.05 731.12 752.09 754.76 775.94 Retail trade ........................................................... 12.51 12.88 12.80 12.74 384.06 387.69 386.56 389.84 Transportation and warehousing ...................... 17.47 17.93 18.04 18.01 648.14 659.82 665.68 675.38 Utilities ................................................................... 27.38 28.48 28.30 28.77 1,144.48 1,210.40 1,202.75 1,225.60 Information ............................................................... 23.68 24.13 23.96 24.18 864.32 871.09 864.96 882.57 Financial activities .................................................. 19.27 19.80 19.88 20.00 689.87 702.90 707.73 728.00 Professional and business services .................... 19.67 20.21 20.32 20.81 678.62 701.29 707.14 736.67 Education and health services ............................. 17.68 18.21 18.33 18.44 572.83 591.83 595.73 606.68 Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 10.13 10.61 10.69 10.81 257.30 267.37 266.18 272.41 Other services ......................................................... 15.06 15.31 15.36 15.52 463.85 471.55 473.09 481.12 1 See p= footnote 1, table B-2. preliminary. Dec. 2007p ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail, seasonally adjusted Percent change from: Nov. 2007-p Dec. 2007 Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Total Private: Current dollars ................................................ Constant (1982) dollars 2................................. $17.07 8.36 $17.50 8.35 $17.54 8.35 $17.57 8.33 $17.64 8.29 $17.71 N.A. 0.4 Goods-producing .......................................................... 18.29 18.71 18.75 18.73 18.83 18.85 .1 Natural resources and mining .............................................. 20.52 21.11 21.00 21.09 21.40 21.43 .1 Construction ............................................................................ 20.44 20.99 21.10 21.05 21.24 21.33 .4 Manufacturing ......................................................................... Excluding overtime 4..................................................... 16.95 16.12 17.31 16.49 17.32 16.50 17.31 16.49 17.35 16.53 17.35 16.56 .0 .2 Durable goods ..................................................................... 17.86 18.26 18.26 18.24 18.26 18.26 .0 Nondurable goods ............................................................... 15.41 15.70 15.73 15.72 15.81 15.81 .0 Private service-providing ............................................. 16.74 17.18 17.23 17.26 17.33 17.42 .5 Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................................... 15.58 15.88 15.92 15.95 15.99 16.07 .5 Wholesale trade ................................................................... 19.20 19.63 19.69 19.76 19.80 19.91 .6 Retail trade ........................................................................... 12.67 12.84 12.86 12.87 12.89 12.91 .2 Transportation and warehousing ...................................... 17.53 17.79 17.90 17.91 18.02 18.05 .2 Utilities ................................................................................... 27.33 28.01 28.18 28.37 28.37 28.70 1.2 Information ............................................................................... 23.60 23.98 23.96 23.97 23.98 24.11 .5 Financial activities .................................................................. 19.29 19.77 19.81 19.82 19.89 19.92 .2 Professional and business services .................................... 19.64 20.28 20.36 20.35 20.42 20.59 .8 Education and health services ............................................. 17.67 18.10 18.17 18.23 18.32 18.40 .4 Leisure and hospitality ........................................................... 10.02 10.50 10.53 10.60 10.65 10.70 .5 Other services ......................................................................... 15.02 15.29 15.31 15.34 15.37 15.41 .3 Industry 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -0.5 percent from Oct. 2007 to Nov. 2007, the latest month available. 2 The (3) 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2006 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Percent Dec. change from: 2007p Nov. 2007Dec. 2007 p Total private ....................................... 107.3 108.5 108.4 109.4 106.9 107.7 107.8 107.9 108.0 108.0 0.0 Goods-producing .......................................... 103.0 104.3 102.7 100.9 102.8 102.3 102.2 102.0 101.8 101.1 -.7 Natural resources and mining .............................. 128.7 137.2 135.0 134.8 129.2 132.8 134.5 133.2 134.8 135.2 .3 Construction ............................................................ 113.5 120.2 115.2 108.7 116.9 114.1 114.0 114.3 113.6 112.4 -1.1 Industry Manufacturing ......................................................... 97.0 95.7 95.7 96.1 95.3 95.6 95.4 95.0 95.2 94.5 -.7 Durable goods ..................................................... Wood products .................................................. Nonmetallic mineral products ......................... Primary metals .................................................. Fabricated metal products .............................. Machinery .......................................................... Computer and electronic products ................ Electrical equipment and appliances ............ Transportation equipment ............................... Motor vehicles and parts 2.............................. Furniture and related products ....................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ......................... 100.3 94.0 96.4 93.6 105.0 107.4 107.7 91.3 101.7 92.1 89.2 93.8 98.4 90.0 99.9 88.7 106.5 108.5 103.7 91.3 96.7 84.2 84.5 92.0 98.2 86.7 98.1 89.4 105.3 109.0 105.1 92.0 96.7 83.7 84.7 92.1 99.0 87.3 90.1 90.4 105.5 110.6 106.4 93.9 98.6 85.0 85.5 95.1 98.3 93.8 98.2 92.0 103.2 105.0 104.9 88.5 98.2 88.8 87.8 92.2 98.6 91.3 97.4 90.0 105.1 106.6 103.5 91.1 98.8 86.3 86.9 92.3 98.4 90.1 97.2 89.2 105.4 107.2 103.5 91.5 98.1 85.9 86.0 93.3 97.9 89.1 96.7 89.1 105.4 108.2 103.1 90.7 96.6 84.1 84.9 92.0 98.0 87.8 97.0 89.6 104.9 108.8 104.3 91.5 96.3 83.7 85.1 91.7 97.2 87.7 92.2 88.8 104.1 108.4 103.8 91.1 95.8 82.4 84.5 93.2 -.8 -.1 -4.9 -.9 -.8 -.4 -.5 -.4 -.5 -1.6 -.7 1.6 Nondurable goods ............................................... 91.3 Food manufacturing ......................................... 102.1 Beverages and tobacco products .................. 98.3 Textile mills ........................................................ 63.4 Textile product mills ......................................... 82.9 Apparel ............................................................... 62.1 Leather and allied products ............................ 74.2 Paper and paper products .............................. 85.9 Printing and related support activities ........... 96.6 Petroleum and coal products .......................... 91.7 Chemicals .......................................................... 95.0 Plastics and rubber products .......................... 92.9 91.5 105.1 100.8 55.0 76.3 58.9 74.7 86.4 92.8 100.9 94.1 95.1 91.6 104.4 97.3 55.4 74.1 59.9 75.4 85.9 93.2 104.7 96.0 96.2 91.4 104.7 95.9 55.6 74.5 59.9 75.2 85.6 93.5 90.7 97.4 95.1 90.3 100.3 100.1 62.8 81.7 62.8 72.9 84.7 95.0 95.3 94.4 91.4 90.6 101.9 103.1 54.8 78.4 60.4 71.6 85.5 92.1 97.9 96.0 94.9 90.6 101.9 101.2 55.5 77.8 59.9 74.5 85.4 92.4 98.9 96.0 95.0 90.4 102.3 99.9 55.6 76.5 58.8 73.5 85.8 91.8 98.1 95.1 94.9 90.5 101.6 97.8 55.2 74.4 59.8 73.4 84.9 92.2 101.7 96.5 96.1 90.4 102.9 98.7 54.8 73.9 60.4 73.6 84.6 91.5 95.1 96.7 94.0 -.1 1.3 .9 -.7 -.7 1.0 .3 -.4 -.8 -6.5 .2 -2.2 Private service-providing ............................. 108.5 109.6 110.2 111.9 107.8 109.2 109.4 109.6 109.8 109.9 .1 Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 107.0 104.6 106.7 108.9 103.6 104.2 104.6 104.4 104.9 104.5 -.4 Wholesale trade ................................................... 106.8 110.2 110.2 112.1 106.8 109.6 109.9 110.0 110.1 110.6 .5 Retail trade ........................................................... 106.2 100.5 104.1 106.4 100.8 100.5 101.2 100.8 101.3 100.4 -.9 Transportation and warehousing ...................... 111.0 110.5 111.5 113.3 109.2 109.5 109.8 109.3 109.8 109.7 -.1 94.4 96.6 96.4 98.9 95.0 96.6 96.9 96.4 97.1 99.5 2.5 Information ............................................................... 101.5 100.8 101.5 102.5 101.3 101.4 101.6 101.1 101.2 100.9 -.3 Financial activities .................................................. 109.6 109.5 109.6 112.2 110.2 110.6 110.2 110.2 110.4 110.1 -.3 Professional and business services .................... 113.3 117.0 117.2 118.7 113.7 115.0 115.6 116.0 116.6 117.4 .7 Education and health services ............................. 111.2 114.7 115.2 116.6 110.1 113.6 113.7 113.9 114.1 114.4 .3 Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 107.5 111.0 108.4 109.5 111.4 111.7 112.2 112.1 111.9 112.1 .2 98.3 98.3 98.8 98.0 98.6 98.9 98.6 99.0 98.6 -.4 Utilities ................................................................... Other services ......................................................... 1 See 97.3 footnote 1, table B-2. motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts. p = preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by 2 Includes dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and production and nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls of production and nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail (2002=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2006 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Dec. 2007p Dec. 2006 Aug. 2007 Sept. 2007 Oct. 2007 Nov. 2007p Percent Dec. change from: 2007p Nov. 2007Dec. 2007 p Total private ....................................... 122.4 127.5 127.7 129.9 121.9 125.9 126.3 126.7 127.3 127.9 0.5 Goods-producing .......................................... 115.8 120.2 118.8 116.9 115.1 117.3 117.4 117.0 117.4 116.7 -.6 Natural resources and mining .............................. 154.2 167.9 168.5 169.0 154.1 163.1 164.3 163.4 167.8 168.5 .4 Construction ............................................................ 125.8 137.8 132.5 125.8 129.1 129.3 129.9 130.0 130.3 129.4 -.7 Manufacturing ......................................................... 108.4 108.3 108.8 109.7 105.6 108.2 108.1 107.5 108.0 107.2 -.7 Durable goods ..................................................... 113.0 112.2 112.3 113.7 109.6 112.3 112.1 111.5 111.7 110.8 -.8 Nondurable goods ............................................... 99.8 101.4 102.4 102.5 98.3 100.6 100.7 100.5 101.1 101.0 -.1 Private service-providing ............................. 124.4 129.7 130.8 134.1 123.7 128.7 129.2 129.7 130.5 131.3 .6 Trade, transportation, and utilities ....................... 117.7 119.2 121.1 123.9 115.1 118.0 118.8 118.8 119.6 119.8 .2 Wholesale trade ................................................... 121.1 128.2 128.6 132.4 120.7 126.7 127.4 128.0 128.4 129.7 1.0 Retail trade ........................................................... 113.8 110.9 114.3 116.2 109.5 110.6 111.6 111.2 111.9 111.1 -.7 Transportation and warehousing ...................... 123.1 125.7 127.6 129.4 121.4 123.6 124.7 124.2 125.5 125.7 .2 Utilities ................................................................... 107.8 114.9 113.8 118.7 108.4 113.0 114.0 114.1 115.0 119.1 3.6 Information ............................................................... 118.9 120.4 120.3 122.7 118.3 120.3 120.5 120.0 120.1 120.4 .2 Financial activities .................................................. 130.6 134.0 134.7 138.7 131.5 135.2 135.0 135.1 135.8 135.6 -.1 Professional and business services .................... 132.6 140.7 141.7 146.9 132.8 138.7 140.0 140.4 141.7 143.8 1.5 Education and health services ............................. 129.2 137.3 138.8 141.3 127.9 135.1 135.8 136.5 137.4 138.4 .7 Leisure and hospitality ........................................... 123.7 133.8 131.6 134.5 126.7 133.2 134.1 135.0 135.4 136.2 .6 Other services ......................................................... 106.8 109.6 110.0 111.7 107.2 109.9 110.4 110.2 110.9 110.7 -.2 Industry 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. preliminary. NOTE: The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month's estimates of aggregate payrolls p= by the corresponding 2002 annual average levels. Aggregate payroll estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and production and nonsupervisory worker employment. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Diffusion indexes of employment change (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 278 industries 1 Over 1-month span: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... 43.5 51.6 52.5 64.2 54.9 37.2 50.2 61.3 64.6 54.7 33.6 62.1 52.7 64.0 55.0 38.8 64.9 60.8 62.8 52.9 40.8 59.9 54.9 56.7 57.9 38.5 57.6 58.5 55.9 53.6 39.2 56.5 59.0 59.4 53.2 41.7 51.4 60.4 55.9 52.0 48.0 56.5 53.6 55.8 56.7 50.2 55.0 53.1 57.7 53.1 52.2 51.4 62.2 53.6 p 52.2 52.9 55.6 60.4 57.6 p 48.4 39.6 55.9 51.3 70.5 64.6 33.8 53.2 55.9 66.7 60.6 34.9 57.0 56.8 66.0 61.2 33.8 64.2 61.3 66.9 59.4 35.3 70.3 57.2 63.3 60.1 42.3 65.6 59.4 62.4 56.5 39.2 59.9 62.8 60.3 56.1 34.4 55.2 63.7 62.6 54.7 42.6 57.9 59.9 57.7 56.5 48.6 59.0 53.4 59.0 53.2 48.7 60.4 57.2 57.7 p 54.0 50.2 55.8 62.2 59.9 p 51.8 34.7 49.8 54.1 63.8 62.2 33.1 51.8 57.2 63.3 60.3 31.1 55.0 57.6 67.1 65.3 33.3 60.8 56.3 68.2 62.8 33.5 63.5 56.5 67.1 61.7 36.5 63.7 58.1 67.1 61.3 32.7 63.3 65.8 63.5 59.7 32.4 62.6 63.8 62.9 56.8 40.8 58.3 61.9 62.6 58.6 44.8 62.1 59.2 62.1 58.5 47.7 55.4 62.8 61.5 p 55.2 47.5 55.2 60.8 61.0 p 53.4 34.5 40.3 60.1 67.3 64.6 31.5 42.1 61.0 65.3 64.4 32.9 44.8 59.5 66.0 63.8 33.5 48.4 58.8 64.7 64.0 34.2 50.7 58.3 65.8 62.6 35.1 57.7 60.3 65.3 62.2 32.7 57.0 60.6 67.6 61.5 33.1 55.2 62.8 66.4 62.6 37.1 56.7 60.3 66.5 63.5 36.7 58.3 58.8 66.4 62.6 37.2 60.1 59.7 65.5 p 61.7 39.2 60.3 61.3 65.1 p 58.8 Over 3-month span: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... Over 6-month span: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... Over 12-month span: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... Manufacturing payrolls, 84 industries 1 Over 1-month span: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... 34.5 41.1 36.9 63.1 52.4 17.3 45.2 48.2 48.2 38.7 17.3 47.0 43.5 56.0 30.4 10.7 63.1 48.2 53.0 33.3 22.0 50.0 38.7 47.0 42.3 17.3 48.2 37.5 58.9 42.9 17.3 56.5 42.3 51.2 45.8 31.5 43.5 45.8 44.6 32.7 26.8 41.7 44.0 40.5 41.1 38.1 43.5 44.6 47.6 39.3 42.3 40.5 48.2 43.5 p 45.2 42.3 42.3 51.8 38.7 p 31.5 15.5 45.2 35.1 56.5 48.2 11.3 42.9 39.9 52.4 38.1 13.7 43.5 40.5 52.4 42.9 9.5 57.7 42.3 51.2 31.0 8.9 60.1 35.1 47.6 33.3 11.9 58.3 33.9 54.8 38.1 15.5 55.4 40.5 48.2 34.5 15.5 46.4 41.7 52.4 32.7 17.9 47.0 42.3 39.3 31.5 29.2 42.9 40.5 42.3 34.5 30.4 42.9 39.9 35.7 p 39.3 33.3 37.5 43.5 39.9 p 34.5 11.9 28.0 31.5 42.9 39.9 11.3 32.7 35.1 41.7 37.5 7.1 35.1 36.3 50.0 37.5 8.3 47.0 34.5 50.6 36.9 9.5 50.0 32.1 51.2 36.3 10.7 52.4 33.3 53.0 38.1 7.1 54.2 44.0 45.8 33.9 9.5 52.4 39.3 45.8 29.2 12.5 48.8 32.1 47.6 29.8 16.1 51.2 36.9 45.2 36.9 25.0 41.1 34.5 44.6 p 33.3 24.4 38.7 39.3 39.9 p 29.2 10.7 13.1 44.6 44.6 41.7 6.0 14.3 44.6 40.5 42.3 6.5 13.1 41.7 40.5 39.3 6.0 20.2 40.5 40.5 39.9 8.3 23.2 37.5 39.3 36.3 7.1 35.7 36.3 42.3 33.3 7.1 36.9 32.1 48.8 32.1 8.3 38.1 33.9 48.8 33.3 10.7 36.3 32.7 44.6 33.3 10.7 44.0 33.3 45.2 32.7 9.5 44.6 33.3 43.5 p 35.7 10.7 44.6 37.5 41.7 p 32.7 Over 3-month span: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... Over 6-month span: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... Over 12-month span: 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... ......................................................... 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
@FedFRASER