Full text of The Employment Situation : December 2002
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Technical information: Household data: Establishment data: Media contact: (202) 691-6378 http://www.bls.gov/cps/ USDL 03-05 691-6555 http://www.bls.gov/ces/ 691-5902 Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST), Friday, January 10, 2003. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: DECEMBER 2002 Employment declined in December, and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 6.0 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Payroll employment fell by 101,000, following a decline of 88,000 (as revised) in November. In December, job losses continued in manufacturing; employment also fell in retail trade and transportation. Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, January 2000 - December 2002 Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted, January 2000 - December 2002 Percent 6.5 Millions 134.0 6.0 132.0 5.5 130.0 5.0 128.0 4.5 126.0 4.0 124.0 0.0 3.5 0.0 122.0 2000 2001 2002 2000 2001 2002 Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The unemployment rate remained at 6.0 percent in December, and the number of unemployed persons was essentially flat, at 8.6 million. Both measures had increased in November. The unemployment rate for adult women rose in December to 5.3 percent. The jobless rates for other major worker groups—adult men (5.6 percent), teenagers (16.1 percent), whites (5.1 percent), blacks (11.5 percent), and Hispanics (7.9 percent)—were little changed over the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) The number of persons unemployed 15 weeks or more rose to 3.2 million in December, an increase of 815,000 over the year. The number unemployed less than 5 weeks was essentially unchanged over the month, at 2.8 million, but has decreased by 241,000 over the year. (See table A-6.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) Total employment edged down in December. Despite several large monthly fluctuations in 2002, employment was essentially unchanged from December 2001 to December 2002. In December, the 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Quarterly averages Monthly data 2002 2002 Category III IV Nov. Dec. Labor force status HOUSEHOLD DATA Civilian labor force............................. Employment................................... Unemployment.............................. Not in labor force................................ Oct. Nov.Dec. change 142,761 134,568 8,193 71,465 142,799 134,364 8,436 72,011 143,123 134,914 8,209 71,519 142,733 134,225 8,508 72,087 142,542 133,952 8,590 72,425 -191 -273 82 338 6.0 5.6 5.3 16.1 5.1 11.5 7.9 .0 -0.1 .3 -.7 -.1 .5 .1 Unemployment rates All workers......................................... Adult men...................................... Adult women................................. Teenagers...................................... White.............................................. Black............................................... Hispanic origin............................... 5.7 5.2 5.0 16.9 5.1 9.7 7.5 5.9 5.5 5.2 15.8 5.1 10.8 7.8 5.7 5.2 5.2 14.6 5.1 9.8 7.8 6.0 5.7 5.0 16.8 5.2 11.0 7.8 Employment ESTABLISHMENT DATA Nonfarm employment......................... 130,844 Goods-producing¹........................... 23,787 Construction............................ 6,544 p130,806 p23,626 p6,542 130,898 23,688 6,544 p130,810 p130,709 p23,625 p23,566 p6,540 p6,543 p-101 p-59 p3 Manufacturing......................... 16,691 Service-producing¹...................... 107,057 Retail trade............................... 23,308 Services.................................... 41,299 Government.............................. 21,270 p16,532 p107,179 p23,228 p41,419 p21,364 16,592 107,210 23,289 41,385 21,349 p16,535 p16,470 p107,185 p107,143 p23,249 p23,145 p41,400 p41,473 p21,365 p21,379 p-65 p-42 p-104 p73 p14 Hours of work² Total private........................................ Manufacturing................................... Overtime......................................... 34.1 40.8 4.1 p34.2 p40.7 p4.1 34.2 40.7 4.1 p34.2 p40.6 p4.0 p34.1 p40.9 p4.2 p-0.1 p.3 p.2 Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100)² Total private........................................ 147.9 p147.9 148.1 p147.9 p147.6 p-0.3 Earnings² Average hourly earnings, total private................................... $14.81 p$14.94 Average weekly earnings, total private................................... 505.14 p510.34 ¹ Includes other industries, not shown separately. ² Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. $14.90 p$14.93 p$14.98 p$0.05 509.58 p510.61 p510.82 p.21 3 employment-population ratio declined by 0.2 percentage point to 62.3 percent. Over the course of the year, this ratio decreased by 0.7 percentage point. (See table A-1.) The civilian labor force was about unchanged in December, at 142.5 million persons. The labor force participation rate also was little changed at 66.3 percent. Over the year, the labor force participation rate declined by 0.5 percentage point. (See table A-1.) About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in December. These multiple jobholders represented 5.6 percent of the total employed, compared with 5.4 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.4 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in December, about the same number as a year earlier. These individuals reported that they wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 398,000 in December, essentially unchanged from a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were not looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available. (See table A-10.) Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Total nonfarm payroll employment declined by 101,000 in December to 130.7 million. Over the year, payroll employment declined by 181,000, compared with a loss of 1.4 million in 2001. In December, job losses in manufacturing, retail trade, and transportation were partly offset by job gains in services. (See table B-1.) The downward trend in manufacturing continued in December, as factories lost 65,000 jobs. Over the year, factory employment declined by 592,000, compared with a drop of 1.3 million in the prior year. Employment in manufacturing has declined by 2.4 million since April 1998, its most recent peak. Factory job losses were widespread in December. Employment in transportation equipment fell by 13,000 over the month, with declines in both motor vehicles and aircraft. Job losses continued in industrial machinery, electronic equipment, fabricated metals, rubber and miscellaneous plastics, and printing and publishing. Retail trade employment dropped by 104,000 in December. This followed a decline of 40,000 in November. Employment in eating and drinking places, which can fluctuate substantially from month to month, fell by 63,000 in December and has fallen by nearly a quarter million since its peak in July 2001. In December, employment in general merchandise stores and in miscellaneous retail establishments (such as toy stores) fell after seasonal adjustment, as holiday hiring was less than usual for December. Employment in food stores continued to decline; this industry has lost 147,000 jobs since its most recent peak in May 2000. Job losses also occurred over the month in automotive dealers and service stations, with half of these declines in new and used car dealers. Furniture and home furnishings stores added 14,000 jobs over the month. Employment declined by 23,000 in transportation; most of this over-the-month job loss was in air transportation. The over-the-year decline in air transportation (-25,000) was much smaller than in 2001 (-139,000). The communications industry continued to lose jobs in December; since its most recent peak in April 2001, communications employment has decreased by 157,000, or 9 percent. 4 Wholesale trade continued to lose jobs in December. Over the year, the durable goods component of wholesale trade lost 71,000 jobs—about half the number lost in 2001. In contrast, employment in nondurable goods wholesaling was essentially unchanged over the year. Employment in the services industry rose by 73,000 in December. Over the year, job gains in services totaled 590,000. Health services added 10,000 jobs over the month, half of its average monthly gain in 2002. This industry added 257,000 jobs over the year. Employment in help supply services increased by 19,000 in December, following declines that totaled 87,000 in the prior 3 months. The industry had added 167,000 jobs from February to August. Substantial job gains occurred over the month in amusement and recreation services (28,000) and in hotels and other lodging places (16,000). Job gains continued in mortgage banking; the industry has added 107,000 jobs since January 2001. Real estate employment edged up over the month. Since June 2002, this industry has added 37,000 jobs. Construction employment was essentially flat in December and has shown little net change since April. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in December to 34.1 hours, seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek increased by 0.3 hour to 40.9 hours in December, and factory overtime was up by 0.2 hour to 4.2 hours. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.2 percent in December to 147.6 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index was up by 0.4 percent over the month to 91.2. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 5 cents in December to $14.98, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings were little changed at $510.82. Over the year, both average hourly earnings and average weekly earnings rose by 3.0 percent. (See table B-3.) ______________________________ The Employment Situation for January 2003 is scheduled to be released on Friday, February 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). 5 Upcoming Changes to Household and National Nonfarm Payroll Data Series Household Data Series Effective with the release of January 2003 data (scheduled for February 7, 2003), several changes to the Current Population Survey (CPS) will affect estimates contained in the Employment Situation news release: • Population controls that reflect the results of Census 2000 will be used in the monthly CPS estimation process. In addition, CPS data series from January 2000 through December 2002 will be revised to reflect the introduction of the Census 2000-based population controls. Annual average estimates for 2000, 2001, and 2002 also will be revised. • The questions on race and Hispanic origin in the CPS will be modified to comply with the new standards for maintaining, collecting, and presenting federal data on race and ethnicity for federal statistical agencies. A major change under those standards is that respondents may select more than one race when answering the survey. Respondents will continue to be asked a separate question to determine if they are Hispanic. The Employment Situation news release will present data for persons who report they are white (and no other race), black or African American (and no other race), and Asian (and no other race). Data will continue to be presented for persons of Hispanic ethnicity separately. Employment and unemployment estimates for Hispanic adult men, Hispanic adult women, and Hispanic teenagers will be added to the release. • The CPS will adopt the Census industry and occupation classification systems derived from the 2002 North American Industry Classification System and the 2000 Standard Occupational Classification system. These new classification systems represent complete breaks in the time series for occupation and industry data. As a result, seasonally adjusted occupation and industry estimates from the household survey will not be presented until sufficient data have been collected to allow seasonal adjustment. • The CPS program will begin using the X-12 ARIMA software for seasonal adjustment of time series data. Because of the other revisions being introduced with the January data, the annual revision of 5 years of seasonally adjusted data that typically occurs with the release of data for December will be delayed until the release of data for January. As part of the annual revision process, the seasonal adjustment of CPS series was reviewed to determine if additional series could be adjusted and if the series currently adjusted would pass a technical review. As a result of this review, some series that are currently seasonally adjusted will no longer be adjusted. • Because of the extensive nature of the changes listed above, the comparability of the January 2003 data and those for earlier months will be affected. The A tables of the Employment Situation news release will be reformatted to reflect the changes. The new table shells will be available on request by e-mailing cpsinfo@bls.gov or by calling the Division of Labor Force Statistics at 202-691-6378. Other questions about the upcoming changes to the CPS data series also can be directed to this e-mail address and phone number. 6 National Nonfarm Payroll Data Series NAICS conversion. The nonfarm payroll series, produced from the Current Employment Statistics (CES) program, will be converted from the 1987 Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) basis to the 2002 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) basis with the June 6, 2003, release of May 2003 estimates. The NAICS conversion involves major definitional changes to many of the currently published SIC-based series. After the conversion to NAICS, SIC-based series will no longer be produced or published. Historical time series will be reconstructed as part of the NAICS conversion process. All published series will have a NAICS-based history extending back to at least January 1990. For total nonfarm and other high-level aggregates, NAICS history will begin in January 1939, the current starting date for these series. For more detailed series, the starting date will vary depending on the scope of the definitional changes between SIC and NAICS. The NAICS-based reconstruction effort will cover all CES published data types: all employees, women workers, production workers, average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, and derivative series (for example, indexes of aggregate weekly hours). Completion of the CES sample redesign. June 6, 2003, also will mark the completion of the CES sample redesign phase-in. The redesign converts the CES from a quota-based sample to a probability-based sample. In June 2003, the services industries will be converted to the new sample design; all other private sector industries have already been converted. The final stage of sample redesign phase-in may result in level shifts for average weekly hours, average hourly earnings, production worker, and women worker series. New levels for these series are being recomputed from the NAICS-based probability sample. Concurrent seasonal adjustment. Also beginning in June 2003, the CES program will convert to concurrent seasonal adjustment, which uses all available monthly estimates, including those for the current month, in developing seasonal factors. Currently, the CES program projects seasonal factors twice a year. With the introduction of concurrent seasonal adjustment, BLS will no longer publish seasonal factors for CES national estimates. Change to federal government series. Beginning in June 2003, the CES series for federal government employment will be revised slightly in scope and definition due to a change in source data and estimation methods. The current national series is an end-of-month federal employee count produced by the Office of Personnel Management, and it excludes some workers, mostly employees who work in Department of Defense-owned establishments such as military base commissaries. The CES national series will include these workers. Also, federal government employment will be estimated from a sample of federal establishments, will be benchmarked annually to counts from unemployment insurance tax records, and will reflect employee counts as of the pay period including the 12th of the month, consistent with other CES industry series. The historical time series for federal government employment will be revised to reflect these changes. Further information on upcoming changes to CES data series is available through the BLS public database on the Internet, via the CES homepage at http://www.bls.gov/ces/, or by calling 202-691-6555. Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2002, the sample included over 300,000 establishments employing about 37 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employmentpopulation ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: • The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. • The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. • The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation’s labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the “true” population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the “true” population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 290,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -190,000 to 390,000 (100,000 +/- 290,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the “true” over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. At an unemployment rate of around 4 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is about +/- 270,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- .19 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey’s estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly samplebased change. The size of the monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March samplebased employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $27.00 per issue or $53.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-D of its “Explanatory Notes.” Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-877-8339. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 212,927 141,912 66.6 134,235 63.0 2,946 131,288 7,678 5.4 71,015 4,347 214,819 142,405 66.3 134,358 62.5 3,182 131,176 8,047 5.7 72,414 4,348 214,968 142,298 66.2 134,232 62.4 3,046 131,186 8,066 5.7 72,670 4,171 212,927 142,314 66.8 134,055 63.0 3,246 130,809 8,259 5.8 70,613 4,661 214,225 142,616 66.6 134,474 62.8 3,188 131,286 8,142 5.7 71,609 4,503 214,429 143,277 66.8 135,185 63.0 3,298 131,887 8,092 5.6 71,152 4,674 214,643 143,123 66.7 134,914 62.9 3,525 131,389 8,209 5.7 71,519 4,444 214,819 142,733 66.4 134,225 62.5 3,357 130,867 8,508 6.0 72,087 4,716 214,968 142,542 66.3 133,952 62.3 3,311 130,640 8,590 6.0 72,425 4,442 102,402 75,643 73.9 71,311 69.6 4,332 5.7 103,347 75,726 73.3 71,261 69.0 4,465 5.9 103,421 75,627 73.1 70,968 68.6 4,659 6.2 102,402 75,976 74.2 71,577 69.9 4,399 5.8 103,046 76,088 73.8 71,552 69.4 4,536 6.0 103,148 76,480 74.1 72,004 69.8 4,476 5.9 103,259 76,262 73.9 71,854 69.6 4,408 5.8 103,347 76,132 73.7 71,348 69.0 4,784 6.3 103,421 75,853 73.3 71,173 68.8 4,680 6.2 94,161 71,862 76.3 68,172 72.4 1,962 66,210 3,690 5.1 95,158 72,013 75.7 68,216 71.7 2,258 65,958 3,796 5.3 95,251 72,045 75.6 67,988 71.4 2,134 65,854 4,056 5.6 94,161 71,988 76.5 68,276 72.5 2,141 66,135 3,712 5.2 94,756 72,203 76.2 68,447 72.2 2,221 66,226 3,757 5.2 94,906 72,473 76.4 68,711 72.4 2,226 66,485 3,762 5.2 95,020 72,342 76.1 68,545 72.1 2,432 66,114 3,796 5.2 95,158 72,185 75.9 68,099 71.6 2,337 65,761 4,087 5.7 95,251 72,067 75.7 68,035 71.4 2,312 65,723 4,032 5.6 110,525 66,269 60.0 62,923 56.9 3,346 5.0 111,472 66,679 59.8 63,097 56.6 3,582 5.4 111,547 66,670 59.8 63,264 56.7 3,407 5.1 110,525 66,338 60.0 62,478 56.5 3,860 5.8 111,179 66,527 59.8 62,922 56.6 3,605 5.4 111,281 66,797 60.0 63,181 56.8 3,616 5.4 111,383 66,862 60.0 63,061 56.6 3,801 5.7 111,472 66,601 59.7 62,877 56.4 3,724 5.6 111,547 66,690 59.8 62,779 56.3 3,910 5.9 102,492 62,521 61.0 59,665 58.2 798 58,867 2,856 4.6 103,499 63,054 60.9 60,049 58.0 762 59,287 3,005 4.8 103,572 63,087 60.9 60,139 58.1 766 59,373 2,948 4.7 102,492 62,481 61.0 59,205 57.8 859 58,346 3,276 5.2 103,256 62,783 60.8 59,710 57.8 772 58,938 3,073 4.9 103,335 62,929 60.9 59,835 57.9 845 58,991 3,094 4.9 103,416 63,045 61.0 59,764 57.8 865 58,899 3,281 5.2 103,499 62,906 60.8 59,765 57.7 832 58,933 3,140 5.0 103,572 63,005 60.8 59,652 57.6 808 58,844 3,353 5.3 16,275 7,529 46.3 6,397 39.3 186 6,211 1,131 15.0 16,163 7,338 45.4 6,093 37.7 162 5,931 1,246 17.0 16,144 7,166 44.4 6,104 37.8 145 5,959 1,062 14.8 16,275 7,845 48.2 6,574 40.4 246 6,328 1,271 16.2 16,212 7,630 47.1 6,318 39.0 196 6,122 1,312 17.2 16,189 7,874 48.6 6,639 41.0 227 6,411 1,236 15.7 16,206 7,737 47.7 6,605 40.8 229 6,376 1,131 14.6 16,163 7,642 47.3 6,361 39.4 188 6,173 1,282 16.8 16,144 7,470 46.3 6,265 38.8 191 6,074 1,205 16.1 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ............................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ............................................ Agriculture .......................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ................................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate .......................................................... Not in labor force .................................................................... Persons who currently want a job ......................................... Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ............................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ............................................ Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate .......................................................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ............................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ............................................ Agriculture .......................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ................................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate .......................................................... Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ............................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ............................................ Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate .......................................................... Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ............................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ............................................ Agriculture .......................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ................................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate .......................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population .......................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ............................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio ............................................ Agriculture .......................................................................... Nonagricultural industries ................................................... Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate .......................................................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 176,607 118,126 66.9 112,459 63.7 5,667 4.8 177,896 118,335 66.5 112,585 63.3 5,749 4.9 177,992 118,071 66.3 112,311 63.1 5,760 4.9 176,607 118,403 67.0 112,388 63.6 6,015 5.1 177,486 118,919 67.0 112,844 63.6 6,075 5.1 177,628 119,021 67.0 113,010 63.6 6,011 5.1 177,777 118,969 66.9 112,882 63.5 6,087 5.1 177,896 118,710 66.7 112,562 63.3 6,149 5.2 177,992 118,251 66.4 112,165 63.0 6,086 5.1 60,779 76.7 57,950 73.1 2,829 4.7 60,864 76.2 58,060 72.7 2,804 4.6 60,789 76.0 57,782 72.3 3,007 4.9 60,875 76.8 58,051 73.3 2,824 4.6 61,240 76.9 58,332 73.2 2,908 4.7 61,212 76.7 58,331 73.1 2,881 4.7 61,101 76.5 58,219 72.9 2,882 4.7 61,056 76.4 58,002 72.6 3,054 5.0 60,809 76.1 57,840 72.3 2,969 4.9 50,999 60.3 48,974 57.9 2,025 4.0 51,245 60.2 49,219 57.8 2,026 4.0 51,189 60.1 49,198 57.7 1,991 3.9 50,869 60.2 48,591 57.5 2,278 4.5 51,297 60.4 49,076 57.8 2,221 4.3 51,212 60.2 48,994 57.6 2,218 4.3 51,370 60.4 49,053 57.6 2,318 4.5 51,116 60.0 48,974 57.5 2,142 4.2 51,058 59.9 48,808 57.3 2,250 4.4 6,348 49.4 5,535 43.0 813 12.8 14.3 11.3 6,226 48.4 5,307 41.3 920 14.8 16.1 13.4 6,092 47.4 5,331 41.5 761 12.5 14.2 10.7 6,659 51.8 5,746 44.7 913 13.7 14.6 12.8 6,382 49.7 5,437 42.3 945 14.8 17.5 12.1 6,597 51.3 5,685 44.2 911 13.8 15.3 12.3 6,499 50.6 5,610 43.7 888 13.7 14.4 13.0 6,538 50.9 5,586 43.5 953 14.6 15.8 13.3 6,385 49.7 5,518 43.0 867 13.6 14.6 12.5 25,752 16,851 65.4 15,262 59.3 1,589 9.4 26,116 16,843 64.5 15,056 57.6 1,787 10.6 26,148 16,983 64.9 15,168 58.0 1,815 10.7 25,752 16,833 65.4 15,122 58.7 1,711 10.2 26,000 16,753 64.4 15,142 58.2 1,611 9.6 26,039 17,053 65.5 15,420 59.2 1,633 9.6 26,081 16,940 65.0 15,275 58.6 1,665 9.8 26,116 16,820 64.4 14,974 57.3 1,846 11.0 26,148 16,958 64.9 15,006 57.4 1,952 11.5 7,526 72.8 6,840 66.2 686 9.1 7,429 70.8 6,662 63.5 766 10.3 7,486 71.2 6,685 63.6 801 10.7 7,490 72.5 6,811 65.9 679 9.1 7,492 71.7 6,834 65.4 658 8.8 7,652 73.1 6,944 66.4 708 9.3 7,566 72.2 6,829 65.1 738 9.7 7,400 70.5 6,596 62.8 803 10.9 7,446 70.8 6,652 63.3 794 10.7 8,453 65.4 7,811 60.4 642 7.6 8,546 65.2 7,786 59.4 760 8.9 8,645 65.9 7,888 60.1 758 8.8 8,456 65.4 7,720 59.7 736 8.7 8,414 64.5 7,719 59.1 695 8.3 8,465 64.8 7,799 59.7 665 7.9 8,460 64.6 7,744 59.1 716 8.5 8,522 65.0 7,755 59.2 768 9.0 8,641 65.8 7,771 59.2 870 10.1 871 34.9 610 24.4 262 30.0 31.3 28.5 868 34.6 608 24.2 260 30.0 28.4 31.5 851 33.9 595 23.7 256 30.1 33.4 27.3 887 35.5 591 23.7 296 33.4 32.0 34.8 847 33.9 589 23.5 258 30.5 30.5 30.4 936 37.4 677 27.0 259 27.7 34.7 20.8 914 36.5 702 28.1 211 23.1 24.8 21.3 898 35.8 623 24.8 275 30.6 29.7 31.6 871 34.7 583 23.2 288 33.1 34.4 32.0 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ................................................................. Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ................................................................. Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ................................................................. Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ................................................................. Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ................................................................. Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ................................................................. Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ................................................................. Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ................................................................. Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Men ................................................................................... Women ............................................................................. See footnotes at end of table. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 23,478 15,994 68.1 14,760 62.9 1,234 7.7 24,194 16,265 67.2 15,031 62.1 1,234 7.6 24,255 16,276 67.1 14,991 61.8 1,285 7.9 23,478 16,013 68.2 14,753 62.8 1,260 7.9 23,999 16,240 67.7 15,014 62.6 1,225 7.5 24,065 16,294 67.7 15,095 62.7 1,198 7.4 24,129 16,216 67.2 14,952 62.0 1,264 7.8 24,194 16,347 67.6 15,076 62.3 1,271 7.8 24,255 16,261 67.0 14,976 61.7 1,285 7.9 HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Participation rate ................................................................. Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 27,815 12,195 43.8 11,099 39.9 1,097 9.0 26,983 11,854 43.9 10,775 39.9 1,079 9.1 27,360 11,972 43.8 10,796 39.5 1,176 9.8 27,815 12,257 44.1 11,173 40.2 1,084 8.8 26,900 11,752 43.7 10,762 40.0 991 8.4 26,847 11,808 44.0 10,883 40.5 925 7.8 26,865 11,813 44.0 10,778 40.1 1,034 8.8 26,983 11,908 44.1 10,819 40.1 1,090 9.2 27,360 12,039 44.0 10,894 39.8 1,145 9.5 57,520 37,036 64.4 35,248 61.3 1,789 4.8 58,454 37,360 63.9 35,487 60.7 1,872 5.0 58,103 37,275 64.2 35,338 60.8 1,936 5.2 57,520 36,856 64.1 35,051 60.9 1,805 4.9 57,778 37,203 64.4 35,323 61.1 1,880 5.1 58,097 37,533 64.6 35,668 61.4 1,865 5.0 57,949 37,380 64.5 35,571 61.4 1,810 4.8 58,454 37,220 63.7 35,276 60.3 1,944 5.2 58,103 37,042 63.8 35,058 60.3 1,984 5.4 45,362 33,563 74.0 32,216 71.0 1,347 4.0 45,964 33,602 73.1 32,101 69.8 1,501 4.5 46,074 33,565 72.8 31,995 69.4 1,570 4.7 45,362 33,521 73.9 32,087 70.7 1,434 4.3 45,494 33,184 72.9 31,742 69.8 1,443 4.3 45,386 33,599 74.0 32,013 70.5 1,586 4.7 45,898 33,510 73.0 32,021 69.8 1,489 4.4 45,964 33,454 72.8 31,878 69.4 1,576 4.7 46,074 33,402 72.5 31,741 68.9 1,662 5.0 46,877 37,071 79.1 36,045 76.9 1,026 2.8 47,835 37,582 78.6 36,554 76.4 1,028 2.7 47,863 37,705 78.8 36,680 76.6 1,025 2.7 46,877 37,101 79.1 35,960 76.7 1,141 3.1 48,583 37,996 78.2 36,974 76.1 1,021 2.7 48,557 37,997 78.3 36,896 76.0 1,101 2.9 48,334 37,896 78.4 36,731 76.0 1,165 3.1 47,835 37,665 78.7 36,554 76.4 1,111 2.9 47,863 37,727 78.8 36,607 76.5 1,120 3.0 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Percent of population .......................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ High school graduates, no college2 Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Percent of population .......................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ Less than a bachelor's degree3 Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Percent of population .......................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population ........................................... Civilian labor force .................................................................. Percent of population .......................................................... Employed .............................................................................. Employment-population ratio .............................................. Unemployed ......................................................................... Unemployment rate ............................................................ 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. 2 3 Includes high school diploma or equivalent. Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 134,235 42,879 33,514 8,504 134,358 43,258 33,804 8,436 134,232 43,107 33,813 8,527 134,055 42,772 33,209 8,458 134,474 43,371 33,723 8,419 135,185 43,225 33,997 8,357 134,914 43,376 33,773 8,377 134,225 43,172 33,669 8,361 133,952 43,064 33,544 8,493 41,953 38,970 18,408 14,513 17,365 3,026 41,821 38,690 18,963 14,361 17,265 3,256 41,808 38,833 19,148 14,103 17,226 3,114 41,890 38,573 18,532 14,507 17,179 3,371 42,152 38,892 18,771 14,242 17,142 3,340 42,385 38,623 18,884 14,503 17,345 3,361 42,351 38,241 19,393 14,275 17,093 3,630 41,693 38,613 19,021 14,361 17,014 3,457 41,716 38,372 19,303 14,075 17,088 3,441 1,715 1,211 20 1,920 1,226 36 1,833 1,183 29 1,879 1,313 27 1,927 1,231 24 2,054 1,221 25 2,186 1,322 34 2,038 1,293 42 2,003 1,272 42 122,781 19,418 103,364 743 102,620 8,406 101 122,201 19,578 102,623 914 101,708 8,874 101 122,397 19,438 102,959 802 102,157 8,713 77 122,196 19,183 103,013 736 102,277 8,524 92 122,885 19,596 103,289 887 102,402 8,368 87 123,327 19,442 103,885 934 102,951 8,439 91 122,653 19,423 103,230 902 102,328 8,582 94 121,856 19,384 102,472 931 101,541 8,910 98 121,826 19,207 102,618 783 101,836 8,801 71 All industries: Part time for economic reasons ............................................ Slack work or business conditions ...................................... Could only find part-time work ............................................ Part time for noneconomic reasons ...................................... 4,388 2,943 1,117 19,801 4,080 2,699 1,127 19,661 4,278 2,942 1,069 19,548 4,267 2,809 1,161 18,540 4,325 2,880 1,159 19,120 4,217 2,687 1,202 18,833 4,262 2,908 1,130 18,484 4,155 2,715 1,190 18,548 4,086 2,767 1,096 18,270 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons ............................................ Slack work or business conditions ...................................... Could only find part-time work ............................................ Part time for noneconomic reasons ...................................... 4,199 2,826 1,103 19,228 3,931 2,604 1,103 19,123 4,074 2,811 1,046 19,014 4,119 2,717 1,138 17,960 4,060 2,715 1,131 18,609 4,068 2,596 1,174 18,300 4,148 2,834 1,097 17,884 4,032 2,631 1,158 17,990 3,928 2,657 1,068 17,737 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over .......................................... Married men, spouse present ................................................. Married women, spouse present ............................................ Women who maintain families ................................................ OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty ................................... Technical, sales, and administrative support .......................... Service occupations ............................................................... Precision production, craft, and repair .................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................................... Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................. CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers ..................................................... Self-employed workers ......................................................... Unpaid family workers .......................................................... Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers ..................................................... Government ........................................................................ Private industries ................................................................ Private households ........................................................... Other industries ................................................................ Self-employed workers ......................................................... Unpaid family workers .......................................................... PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Category Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates1 Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Total, 16 years and over .......................................................... Men, 20 years and over ......................................................... Women, 20 years and over ................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .................................................... 8,259 3,712 3,276 1,271 8,508 4,087 3,140 1,282 8,590 4,032 3,353 1,205 5.8 5.2 5.2 16.2 5.7 5.2 4.9 17.2 5.6 5.2 4.9 15.7 5.7 5.2 5.2 14.6 6.0 5.7 5.0 16.8 6.0 5.6 5.3 16.1 Married men, spouse present ................................................ Married women, spouse present ........................................... Women who maintain families ............................................... 1,516 1,280 731 1,603 1,318 760 1,627 1,325 808 3.4 3.7 8.0 3.4 3.5 7.3 3.6 3.6 7.2 3.4 3.8 8.0 3.6 3.8 8.3 3.6 3.8 8.7 Full-time workers ................................................................... Part-time workers .................................................................. 6,820 1,383 7,235 1,270 7,240 1,340 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.6 5.7 5.3 5.8 5.3 6.1 5.1 6.1 5.4 1,233 2,114 889 1,738 264 1,342 2,136 984 1,651 278 1,398 2,071 984 1,784 223 2.9 5.2 5.8 9.2 7.3 3.1 5.2 6.2 8.3 9.3 3.1 5.3 5.8 8.5 8.2 3.0 5.3 6.3 8.5 6.9 3.1 5.2 6.4 8.8 7.4 3.2 5.1 6.5 9.5 6.1 6,839 2,072 32 734 1,306 846 460 4,767 497 1,963 244 2,063 475 199 6,858 2,049 45 774 1,230 795 435 4,809 439 2,046 277 2,047 504 195 7,091 2,153 53 854 1,247 815 432 4,938 424 1,936 307 2,271 517 158 6.2 7.4 6.1 8.9 6.8 7.2 6.1 5.8 6.1 7.1 3.0 5.5 2.4 9.6 6.0 7.2 6.0 9.5 6.3 6.5 5.9 5.6 4.8 6.8 3.1 5.4 2.4 9.8 6.0 7.4 8.0 9.3 6.5 6.9 5.9 5.5 5.0 6.9 3.1 5.1 2.7 8.8 6.2 7.4 5.2 9.9 6.4 6.5 6.2 5.8 5.2 7.3 3.0 5.4 2.8 6.7 6.3 7.5 7.6 9.3 6.6 7.0 6.1 5.9 5.6 7.5 3.2 5.4 2.5 8.7 6.5 7.9 8.8 10.4 6.8 7.2 6.1 6.0 5.4 7.0 3.6 5.9 2.6 7.3 CHARACTERISTIC OCCUPATION2 Managerial and professional specialty .................................. Technical, sales, and administrative support ......................... Precision production, craft, and repair ................................... Operators, fabricators, and laborers ...................................... Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................................ INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers .................. Goods-producing industries ................................................. Mining ................................................................................ Construction ...................................................................... Manufacturing .................................................................... Durable goods ................................................................. Nondurable goods ........................................................... Service-producing industries ............................................... Transportation and public utilities ...................................... Wholesale and retail trade ................................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate .................................. Services ............................................................................. Government workers ............................................................. Agricultural wage and salary workers .................................... 1 2 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Less than 5 weeks ................................................................... 5 to 14 weeks .......................................................................... 15 weeks and over .................................................................. 15 to 26 weeks ..................................................................... 27 weeks and over ............................................................... 2,641 2,749 2,287 1,185 1,103 2,744 2,462 2,841 1,199 1,642 2,455 2,544 3,067 1,226 1,841 3,024 2,724 2,410 1,295 1,115 2,880 2,431 2,783 1,309 1,474 2,708 2,511 2,900 1,315 1,585 2,715 2,471 2,980 1,324 1,656 2,904 2,490 3,022 1,288 1,734 2,783 2,496 3,225 1,369 1,856 Average (mean) duration, in weeks ......................................... Median duration, in weeks ....................................................... 14.8 8.3 17.7 9.1 18.9 9.8 14.5 8.2 16.2 8.4 17.8 9.5 17.5 9.6 17.7 9.3 18.5 9.6 100.0 34.4 35.8 29.8 15.4 14.4 100.0 34.1 30.6 35.3 14.9 20.4 100.0 30.4 31.5 38.0 15.2 22.8 100.0 37.1 33.4 29.5 15.9 13.7 100.0 35.6 30.0 34.4 16.2 18.2 100.0 33.4 30.9 35.7 16.2 19.5 100.0 33.2 30.3 36.5 16.2 20.3 100.0 34.5 29.6 35.9 15.3 20.6 100.0 32.7 29.4 37.9 16.1 21.8 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed .................................................................... Less than 5 weeks ................................................................. 5 to 14 weeks ........................................................................ 15 weeks and over ................................................................ 15 to 26 weeks .................................................................... 27 weeks and over .............................................................. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 4,420 1,183 3,237 2,463 774 814 2,051 393 4,451 915 3,536 2,769 766 778 2,269 549 4,739 1,173 3,566 2,738 828 778 2,141 407 4,492 1,107 3,385 (1) (1) 908 2,361 495 4,560 1,151 3,410 (1) (1) 824 2,270 619 4,535 999 3,536 (1) (1) 781 2,263 526 4,737 1,054 3,682 (1) (1) 838 2,344 469 4,651 1,031 3,619 (1) (1) 822 2,376 588 4,633 1,085 3,547 (1) (1) 868 2,475 515 100.0 57.6 15.4 42.2 10.6 26.7 5.1 100.0 55.3 11.4 43.9 9.7 28.2 6.8 100.0 58.8 14.5 44.2 9.6 26.5 5.1 100.0 54.4 13.4 41.0 11.0 28.6 6.0 100.0 55.1 13.9 41.2 10.0 27.4 7.5 100.0 56.0 12.3 43.6 9.6 27.9 6.5 100.0 56.5 12.6 43.9 10.0 27.9 5.6 100.0 55.1 12.2 42.9 9.7 28.2 7.0 100.0 54.6 12.8 41.8 10.2 29.2 6.1 3.1 .6 1.4 .3 3.1 .5 1.6 .4 3.3 .5 1.5 .3 3.2 .6 1.7 .3 3.2 .6 1.6 .4 3.2 .5 1.6 .4 3.3 .6 1.6 .3 3.3 .6 1.7 .4 3.2 .6 1.7 .4 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs .......... On temporary layoff ................................................................ Not on temporary layoff .......................................................... Permanent job losers ............................................................ Persons who completed temporary jobs .............................. Job leavers ............................................................................... Reentrants ................................................................................ New entrants ............................................................................ PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed ..................................................................... Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... On temporary layoff ............................................................... Not on temporary layoff ......................................................... Job leavers .............................................................................. Reentrants ............................................................................... New entrants ........................................................................... UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs ......... Job leavers .............................................................................. Reentrants ............................................................................... New entrants ........................................................................... 1 Not available. Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force ............................................................................................................... 1.6 2.0 2.2 1.7 2.0 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.3 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force ................................................................................................... 3.1 3.1 3.3 3.2 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.2 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate) ............................................................................... 5.4 5.7 5.7 5.8 5.7 5.6 5.7 6.0 6.0 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers .................................................................... 5.6 5.9 5.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers ................................................................................................... 6.3 6.6 6.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers ............................................................................. 9.3 9.4 9.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Age and sex Unemployment rates1 Dec. 2001 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002 Dec. 2002 Total, 16 years and over ....................................... 16 to 24 years ..................................................... 16 to 19 years ................................................... 16 to 17 years ................................................. 18 to 19 years ................................................. 20 to 24 years ................................................... 25 years and over ............................................... 25 to 54 years ................................................... 55 years and over ............................................. 8,259 2,679 1,271 566 722 1,408 5,428 4,674 773 8,508 2,727 1,282 552 729 1,445 5,754 5,014 736 8,590 2,628 1,205 483 728 1,423 5,847 5,011 897 5.8 11.9 16.2 18.8 14.8 9.6 4.5 4.7 4.0 5.7 12.2 17.2 19.7 16.0 9.6 4.5 4.6 4.0 5.6 11.8 15.7 19.3 13.6 9.7 4.5 4.6 3.7 5.7 11.8 14.6 16.1 13.8 10.3 4.6 4.8 3.8 6.0 12.2 16.8 19.4 15.3 9.8 4.8 5.0 3.5 6.0 11.9 16.1 17.5 15.4 9.7 4.9 5.0 4.3 Men, 16 years and over ...................................... 16 to 24 years ................................................... 16 to 19 years ................................................. 16 to 17 years ............................................... 18 to 19 years ............................................... 20 to 24 years ................................................. 25 years and over ............................................. 25 to 54 years ................................................. 55 years and over ........................................... 4,399 1,483 687 308 382 796 2,883 2,413 447 4,784 1,486 697 309 389 789 3,271 2,825 433 4,680 1,421 648 249 400 773 3,250 2,749 495 5.8 12.8 17.2 20.0 15.6 10.5 4.5 4.5 4.2 6.0 13.7 20.1 24.5 17.8 10.5 4.6 4.7 4.1 5.9 13.2 17.8 21.5 15.9 10.8 4.5 4.7 3.9 5.8 12.2 15.6 17.5 14.5 10.4 4.6 4.8 3.8 6.3 12.7 17.7 21.1 15.7 10.2 5.1 5.3 3.9 6.2 12.4 17.1 18.1 16.7 10.0 5.1 5.2 4.4 Women, 16 years and over ................................ 16 to 24 years ................................................... 16 to 19 years ................................................. 16 to 17 years ............................................... 18 to 19 years ............................................... 20 to 24 years ................................................. 25 years and over ............................................. 25 to 54 years ................................................. 55 years and over ........................................... 3,860 1,196 584 258 340 612 2,545 2,261 326 3,724 1,241 584 243 339 657 2,483 2,189 302 3,910 1,207 557 233 329 650 2,597 2,262 403 5.8 11.0 15.1 17.6 14.0 8.7 4.6 4.8 3.7 5.4 10.6 14.2 15.1 14.1 8.7 4.5 4.6 3.8 5.4 10.3 13.5 17.2 11.1 8.5 4.5 4.6 3.5 5.7 11.3 13.6 14.7 13.2 10.1 4.6 4.8 3.8 5.6 11.6 15.8 17.6 14.8 9.3 4.4 4.7 3.1 5.9 11.3 15.1 16.8 14.1 9.3 4.6 4.9 4.2 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Dec. 2001 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Dec. 2002 Dec. 2001 Dec. 2002 71,015 4,347 1,318 72,670 4,171 1,417 26,759 1,943 629 27,793 1,967 765 44,256 2,403 690 44,877 2,204 652 344 975 398 1,019 180 448 246 520 163 526 152 500 Total multiple jobholders4 ................................................................... Percent of total employed ............................................................... 7,266 5.4 7,554 5.6 3,734 5.2 3,795 5.3 3,532 5.6 3,759 5.9 Primary job full time, secondary job part time ................................. Primary and secondary jobs both part time .................................... Primary and secondary jobs both full time ...................................... Hours vary on primary or secondary job ......................................... 3,962 1,566 272 1,427 4,033 1,724 191 1,563 2,289 495 149 777 2,289 500 126 856 1,674 1,071 123 650 1,744 1,223 65 707 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force .................................................................. Persons who currently want a job ................................................... Searched for work and available to work now1 .......................... Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects2 ................................ Reasons other than discouragement3 ............................... MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Industry Dec. 2001 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2002p Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Total .................................................. 131,703 131,787 131,845 131,504 130,890 130,913 130,829 130,898 130,810 130,709 Total private ............................................ 110,247 110,139 110,020 109,780 109,768 109,624 109,536 109,549 109,445 109,330 Goods-producing .................................................. 24,181 23,960 23,757 23,485 24,261 23,801 23,748 23,688 23,625 23,566 Mining ............................................................... Metal mining ................................................. Coal mining ................................................... Oil and gas extraction ................................... Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels ............... 562 32.5 82.9 338.8 108.1 560 32.2 78.4 334.5 114.5 554 32.2 78.6 331.7 111.3 550 31.9 78.2 334.1 105.3 565 33 82 339 111 555 32 79 333 111 552 32 79 330 111 552 32 78 331 111 550 32 78 331 109 553 32 78 335 108 Construction ..................................................... General building contractors ......................... Heavy construction, except building ............. Special trade contractors .............................. 6,532 1,448.7 884.2 4,199.2 6,755 1,504.5 957.7 4,292.6 6,644 1,493.0 911.8 4,239.5 6,448 1,468.4 842.7 4,136.9 6,634 1,459 924 4,251 6,556 1,460 898 4,198 6,556 1,469 898 4,189 6,544 1,475 893 4,176 6,540 1,480 884 4,176 6,543 1,477 879 4,187 Manufacturing ................................................... Production workers ................................... 17,087 11,451 16,645 11,188 16,559 11,113 16,487 11,048 17,062 11,437 16,690 11,212 16,640 11,164 16,592 11,134 16,535 11,084 16,470 11,039 Durable goods ................................................ Production workers ................................... Lumber and wood products .......................... Furniture and fixtures .................................... Stone, clay, and glass products .................... Primary metal industries ............................... Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... Fabricated metal products ............................ Industrial machinery and equipment ............. Computer and office equipment ............... Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... Electronic components and accessories .. Transportation equipment ............................. Motor vehicles and equipment .................. Aircraft and parts ...................................... Instruments and related products ................. Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 10,189 6,770 768.7 493.3 554.6 619.2 200.1 1,442.4 1,888.3 321.7 1,505.2 600.0 1,720.4 927.8 451.1 822.1 374.9 9,810 6,533 771.8 485.4 564.0 584.3 187.7 1,413.4 1,790.0 294.4 1,379.9 541.6 1,655.3 908.9 398.9 791.9 373.9 9,760 6,496 763.3 483.2 559.5 582.6 186.5 1,402.6 1,783.4 292.7 1,368.0 535.9 1,650.8 911.7 393.7 789.1 377.1 9,724 6,464 757.2 478.6 550.2 582.3 187.5 1,398.5 1,783.8 292.4 1,367.1 532.6 1,644.4 910.2 389.0 789.4 372.7 10,166 6,753 770 494 558 617 (1) 1,437 1,887 322 1,499 595 1,709 920 449 822 373 9,889 6,591 768 495 557 589 (1) 1,418 1,810 296 1,408 555 1,675 918 407 799 370 9,832 6,539 764 488 558 586 (1) 1,412 1,801 296 1,392 550 1,661 912 400 798 372 9,800 6,522 764 488 557 582 (1) 1,409 1,797 295 1,381 544 1,659 914 396 793 370 9,756 6,485 761 486 555 582 (1) 1,400 1,790 294 1,369 536 1,647 908 391 792 374 9,710 6,453 759 481 553 581 (1) 1,394 1,784 292 1,363 531 1,634 900 387 790 371 Nondurable goods .......................................... Production workers ................................... Food and kindred products ........................... Tobacco products ......................................... Textile mill products ...................................... Apparel and other textile products ................ Paper and allied products ............................. Printing and publishing ................................. Chemicals and allied products ...................... Petroleum and coal products ........................ Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. Leather and leather products ........................ 6,898 4,681 1,679.1 35.4 447.8 535.3 625.7 1,453.3 1,011.0 124.3 930.5 55.7 6,835 4,655 1,723.0 38.0 427.1 512.4 614.3 1,404.2 1,005.4 127.1 926.9 56.5 6,799 4,617 1,694.8 37.9 423.4 512.7 612.2 1,406.7 1,007.1 125.8 923.3 55.5 6,763 4,584 1,679.0 36.9 424.7 505.1 611.4 1,405.7 1,005.9 123.4 917.3 53.4 6,896 4,684 1,685 34 448 537 624 1,444 1,012 126 930 56 6,801 4,621 1,683 38 427 524 613 1,401 1,006 125 929 55 6,808 4,625 1,694 37 426 516 612 1,403 1,010 126 927 57 6,792 4,612 1,690 37 426 510 614 1,401 1,006 125 926 57 6,779 4,599 1,685 36 423 510 611 1,401 1,007 126 925 55 6,760 4,586 1,685 35 425 508 609 1,395 1,007 125 917 54 Service-producing ................................................. 107,522 107,827 108,088 108,019 106,629 107,112 107,081 107,210 107,185 107,143 Transportation and public utilities ..................... Transportation .............................................. Railroad transportation ............................. Local and interurban passenger transit .... Trucking and warehousing ....................... Water transportation ................................. Transportation by air ................................. Pipelines, except natural gas .................... Transportation services ............................ Communications and public utilities ............. Communications ....................................... Electric, gas, and sanitary services .......... 6,918 4,394 233.1 498.1 1,828.9 182.6 1,207.7 15.3 428.7 2,524 1,677.9 845.9 6,770 4,342 225.7 483.9 1,845.2 192.8 1,160.2 14.8 419.4 2,428 1,585.4 843.0 6,756 4,332 225.0 479.4 1,840.3 185.4 1,166.7 15.4 420.0 2,424 1,586.1 837.7 6,740 4,323 224.0 481.2 1,824.9 185.4 1,173.9 14.4 419.2 2,417 1,578.6 837.9 6,856 4,332 233 481 1,827 188 1,159 15 429 2,524 1,679 845 6,765 4,323 228 466 1,827 190 1,176 15 421 2,442 1,597 845 6,725 4,293 226 469 1,816 189 1,160 15 418 2,432 1,588 844 6,727 4,300 225 471 1,826 189 1,156 15 418 2,427 1,585 842 6,718 4,298 224 465 1,829 192 1,151 15 422 2,420 1,582 838 6,691 4,275 224 464 1,825 192 1,134 14 422 2,416 1,579 837 Wholesale trade ................................................ Durable goods .............................................. Nondurable goods ........................................ 6,714 3,956 2,758 6,673 3,897 2,776 6,653 3,889 2,764 6,646 3,883 2,763 6,702 3,951 2,751 6,671 3,905 2,766 6,663 3,897 2,766 6,657 3,893 2,764 6,643 3,886 2,757 6,637 3,880 2,757 See footnotes at end of table. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry-Continued (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Industry Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2001 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Retail trade ....................................................... Building materials and garden supplies ........ General merchandise stores ........................ Department stores .................................... Food stores ................................................... Automotive dealers and service stations ...... New and used car dealers ........................ Apparel and accessory stores ...................... Furniture and home furnishings stores ......... Eating and drinking places ........................... Miscellaneous retail establishments ............. 23,969 1,036.4 3,157.0 2,782.8 3,496.2 2,429.3 1,127.9 1,261.5 1,210.5 8,145.3 3,233.1 23,327 1,068.9 2,869.7 2,524.5 3,398.9 2,444.5 1,133.6 1,167.8 1,156.9 8,125.4 3,095.2 23,625 1,069.2 3,049.9 2,686.3 3,422.7 2,429.3 1,128.5 1,226.1 1,193.7 8,066.9 3,166.8 23,787 1,064.0 3,119.0 2,743.9 3,431.7 2,407.2 1,118.5 1,273.5 1,230.7 8,021.6 3,239.4 23,318 1,050 2,853 2,520 3,430 2,438 1,131 1,163 1,156 8,190 3,038 23,295 1,066 2,850 2,513 3,392 2,443 1,130 1,177 1,154 8,125 3,088 23,291 1,067 2,856 2,515 3,392 2,438 1,131 1,171 1,153 8,129 3,085 23,289 1,071 2,851 2,506 3,386 2,438 1,131 1,174 1,156 8,140 3,073 23,249 1,080 2,830 2,491 3,381 2,430 1,128 1,172 1,165 8,129 3,062 23,145 1,080 2,820 2,487 3,364 2,416 1,121 1,175 1,179 8,066 3,045 Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. Finance ......................................................... Depository institutions .............................. Commercial banks ................................ Savings institutions ............................... Nondepository institutions ........................ Mortgage bankers and brokers ............. Security and commodity brokers .............. Holding and other investment offices ....... Insurance ...................................................... Insurance carriers ..................................... Insurance agents, brokers, and service .... Real estate ................................................... 7,735 3,821 2,071.0 1,443.6 261.1 754.0 352.1 733.1 262.9 2,372 1,592.6 779.7 1,542 7,788 3,841 2,071.4 1,444.4 260.9 794.1 394.2 711.8 263.3 2,369 1,574.5 794.2 1,578 7,800 3,856 2,078.3 1,448.3 261.1 804.4 401.6 708.9 264.2 2,372 1,574.8 796.9 1,572 7,811 3,865 2,079.9 1,449.9 261.3 812.2 408.4 707.6 265.7 2,374 1,575.3 799.0 1,572 7,748 3,818 2,070 1,444 261 752 352 734 262 2,372 1,594 778 1,558 7,745 3,822 2,075 1,448 263 773 374 714 260 2,366 1,574 792 1,557 7,773 3,837 2,078 1,450 264 783 382 714 262 2,366 1,577 789 1,570 7,803 3,853 2,080 1,452 263 797 396 713 263 2,371 1,578 793 1,579 7,810 3,856 2,082 1,451 261 802 400 709 263 2,373 1,577 796 1,581 7,818 3,858 2,078 1,449 261 807 407 709 264 2,375 1,577 798 1,585 Services2 .......................................................... 40,730 41,621 41,429 41,311 Agricultural services ..................................... 799.6 905.2 881.4 811.5 Hotels and other lodging places ................... 1,720.5 1,787.8 1,715.1 1,721.6 Personal services ......................................... 1,270.9 1,252.6 1,253.4 1,279.5 Business services ......................................... 9,326.0 9,490.2 9,418.0 9,343.3 Services to buildings ................................. 1,019.3 1,043.0 1,047.0 1,042.9 Personnel supply services ........................ 3,149.6 3,327.4 3,251.2 3,191.5 Help supply services ............................. 2,819.1 3,001.6 2,926.4 2,874.5 Computer and data processing services .. 2,222.9 2,186.4 2,190.8 2,187.1 Auto repair, services, and parking ................ 1,252.1 1,259.5 1,256.9 1,259.3 Miscellaneous repair services ...................... 375.0 379.8 378.9 376.9 Motion pictures ............................................. 575.1 575.4 581.2 584.4 Amusement and recreation services ............ 1,505.8 1,594.5 1,478.9 1,486.3 Health services ............................................. 10,544.9 10,754.8 10,790.6 10,802.9 Offices and clinics of medical doctors ...... 2,033.2 2,082.7 2,087.2 2,094.3 Nursing and personal care facilities .......... 1,874.6 1,900.4 1,908.5 1,907.9 Hospitals ................................................... 4,168.2 4,257.0 4,271.4 4,275.5 Home health care services ....................... 643.2 657.3 660.5 659.2 Legal services ............................................... 1,052.5 1,074.1 1,079.6 1,083.0 Educational services ..................................... 2,589.1 2,720.0 2,758.4 2,713.7 Social services .............................................. 3,149.6 3,208.8 3,222.6 3,226.7 Child day care services ............................ 737.2 743.8 744.6 740.9 Residential care ........................................ 889.8 907.3 910.7 914.6 Museums and botanical and zoological gardens ..................................................... 106.8 107.6 104.0 103.5 Membership organizations ........................... 2,462.1 2,466.5 2,462.5 2,467.2 Engineering and management services ....... 3,607.8 3,654.2 3,658.6 3,662.3 Engineering and architectural services ..... 1,042.3 1,028.5 1,026.3 1,024.3 Management and public relations ............. 1,184.6 1,226.3 1,232.4 1,232.1 Services, nec ................................................ 48.1 46.3 45.0 45.2 40,883 865 1,805 1,284 9,265 1,025 3,107 2,782 2,219 1,259 376 574 1,680 10,530 2,029 1,871 4,164 641 1,051 2,463 3,135 723 891 41,347 863 1,788 1,285 9,395 1,041 3,257 2,925 2,191 1,266 377 588 1,662 10,711 2,075 1,893 4,244 646 1,065 2,538 3,203 736 906 41,336 874 1,782 1,287 9,330 1,042 3,188 2,869 2,190 1,266 378 595 1,638 10,729 2,079 1,896 4,247 651 1,072 2,550 3,199 731 906 41,385 874 1,791 1,288 9,324 1,041 3,178 2,865 2,196 1,262 378 591 1,640 10,755 2,085 1,899 4,256 655 1,077 2,560 3,201 730 909 41,400 881 1,790 1,283 9,310 1,047 3,153 2,838 2,194 1,264 379 590 1,629 10,777 2,086 1,905 4,268 656 1,079 2,570 3,208 728 912 41,473 875 1,806 1,292 9,301 1,048 3,167 2,857 2,183 1,267 377 583 1,657 10,787 2,090 1,905 4,271 657 1,081 2,585 3,213 727 915 110 2,473 3,621 1,048 1,184 (1) 108 2,472 3,634 1,030 1,211 (1) 108 2,478 3,659 1,029 1,224 (1) 107 2,480 3,666 1,027 1,226 (1) 106 2,477 3,668 1,028 1,229 (1) 106 2,478 3,676 1,030 1,231 (1) Government ...................................................... Federal ......................................................... Federal, except Postal Service ................. State ............................................................. Education .................................................. Other State government ........................... Local ............................................................. Education .................................................. Other local government ............................ 21,122 2,615 1,776 4,932 2,124 2,808 13,575 7,723 5,852 21,289 2,611 1,792 4,948 2,145 2,803 13,730 7,837 5,893 21,293 2,621 1,810 4,958 2,163 2,795 13,714 7,808 5,906 21,349 2,649 1,840 4,955 2,160 2,795 13,745 7,829 5,916 21,365 2,658 1,850 4,963 2,165 2,798 13,744 7,821 5,923 21,379 2,659 1,851 4,963 2,165 2,798 13,757 7,826 5,931 21,456 2,600 1,757.7 5,027 2,241.9 2,785.5 13,829 8,072.9 5,755.6 21,648 2,641 1,834.8 5,083 2,296.0 2,787.4 13,924 8,075.3 5,849.1 21,825 2,654 1,839.7 5,107 2,328.2 2,778.8 14,064 8,200.4 5,863.9 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 21,724 2,648 1,835.2 5,058 2,283.0 2,774.9 14,018 8,183.9 5,833.6 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Industry Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2001 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Total private ............................................ 34.4 34.1 34.0 34.4 34.1 34.1 34.2 34.2 34.2 34.1 Goods-producing .................................................. 40.5 40.3 40.1 40.4 40.2 40.3 40.3 40.1 39.9 40.2 Mining ............................................................... 43.9 43.0 42.8 42.5 43.8 43.3 42.8 42.7 43.0 42.3 Construction ..................................................... 38.5 39.0 38.0 37.8 39.1 38.6 38.8 38.4 38.2 38.4 Manufacturing ................................................... Overtime hours ......................................... 41.2 4.1 40.9 4.2 40.9 4.2 41.5 4.5 40.6 3.8 40.9 4.2 40.8 4.1 40.7 4.1 40.6 4.0 40.9 4.2 Durable goods ................................................ Overtime hours ......................................... 41.6 4.1 41.3 4.2 41.2 4.1 42.0 4.5 40.9 3.8 41.2 4.1 41.3 4.1 41.2 4.2 40.9 4.0 41.4 4.2 Lumber and wood products .......................... Furniture and fixtures .................................... Stone, clay, and glass products .................... Primary metal industries ............................... Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... Fabricated metal products ............................ Industrial machinery and equipment ............. Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... Transportation equipment ............................. Motor vehicles and equipment .................. Instruments and related products ................. Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 40.9 39.9 43.0 44.4 44.3 42.2 40.9 40.3 42.7 44.2 41.3 38.5 41.3 39.6 43.9 44.6 45.9 41.8 40.4 38.5 42.8 44.5 40.7 38.9 40.7 39.3 43.1 44.7 45.8 41.6 40.5 39.2 42.6 44.2 40.8 38.6 41.3 41.7 42.8 45.3 46.7 42.3 41.4 39.8 43.6 45.4 41.6 39.5 41.0 39.2 43.4 43.7 44.4 41.3 40.1 39.4 41.9 43.2 40.6 38.0 41.0 40.3 43.3 44.3 45.8 41.7 40.8 38.7 42.2 43.8 40.7 38.5 41.1 40.2 43.4 44.2 46.0 41.6 40.7 38.8 42.6 44.3 40.8 38.6 41.0 39.6 43.4 44.7 46.2 41.6 40.5 38.3 42.6 44.4 40.7 38.9 40.6 39.3 42.9 44.3 45.4 41.2 40.3 38.7 42.3 44.0 40.5 38.5 41.4 41.1 43.2 44.6 46.9 41.3 40.7 38.9 42.7 44.5 40.9 39.1 Nondurable goods .......................................... Overtime hours ......................................... 40.7 4.1 40.3 4.3 40.5 4.2 40.9 4.4 40.1 3.9 40.5 4.2 40.2 4.0 40.1 4.1 40.2 4.0 40.3 4.2 Food and kindred products ........................... Tobacco products ......................................... Textile mill products ...................................... Apparel and other textile products ................ Paper and allied products ............................. Printing and publishing ................................. Chemicals and allied products ...................... Petroleum and coal products ........................ Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. Leather and leather products ........................ 41.5 41.2 40.4 37.3 42.0 38.3 42.4 42.1 41.5 37.0 41.4 40.6 40.7 36.4 41.5 37.6 42.2 42.1 40.9 36.5 41.7 39.7 41.0 36.7 42.0 37.8 42.3 41.7 40.8 37.3 41.9 40.4 41.6 37.0 42.5 38.3 42.5 40.5 41.5 37.4 40.9 40.5 40.0 36.9 41.3 37.8 41.9 (2) 40.8 36.9 41.3 40.3 41.8 36.8 41.7 37.7 42.6 (2) 41.2 35.7 40.8 39.9 41.2 36.9 41.4 37.5 42.4 (2) 40.8 35.6 40.8 40.4 40.9 36.6 41.3 37.4 42.2 (2) 40.9 36.3 41.1 39.6 40.9 36.6 41.5 37.2 42.2 (2) 40.7 37.0 41.4 39.8 41.2 36.6 41.8 37.7 42.0 (2) 40.8 37.4 Service-producing ................................................. 33.0 32.7 32.7 33.0 32.7 32.7 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.7 Transportation and public utilities ..................... 38.6 38.3 38.4 38.7 38.1 38.4 38.5 38.4 38.5 38.2 Wholesale trade ................................................ 38.7 38.4 38.5 39.1 38.3 38.5 38.5 38.6 38.5 38.7 Retail trade ....................................................... 29.3 28.9 28.8 29.5 28.9 28.9 29.0 29.1 29.2 29.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 36.7 35.8 36.0 36.8 36.0 36.2 36.1 36.0 36.2 36.1 Services ............................................................ 32.9 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.7 32.6 32.8 32.7 32.7 32.5 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Industry Average weekly earnings Dec. 2001 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Dec. 2001 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Total private ............................................ Seasonally adjusted ............................. $14.61 14.55 $14.92 14.90 $14.96 14.93 $15.05 14.98 $502.58 496.16 $508.77 509.58 $508.64 510.61 $517.72 510.82 Goods-producing .................................................. 16.23 16.60 16.59 16.68 657.32 668.98 665.26 673.87 Mining ............................................................... 17.58 17.81 17.81 17.77 771.76 765.83 762.27 755.23 Construction ..................................................... 18.69 19.14 19.07 19.25 719.57 746.46 724.66 727.65 Manufacturing ................................................... 15.17 15.42 15.48 15.59 625.00 630.68 633.13 646.99 Durable goods ................................................ Lumber and wood products .......................... Furniture and fixtures .................................... Stone, clay, and glass products .................... Primary metal industries ............................... Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... Fabricated metal products ............................ Industrial machinery and equipment ............. Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... Transportation equipment ............................. Motor vehicles and equipment .................. Instruments and related products ................. Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 15.66 12.42 12.56 15.10 17.19 20.53 14.56 16.32 14.97 19.71 20.19 15.09 12.39 15.95 12.60 12.68 15.79 17.60 21.02 14.84 16.52 15.06 20.31 21.12 15.44 12.42 16.01 12.56 12.74 15.69 17.65 21.05 14.90 16.55 15.08 20.53 21.42 15.44 12.45 16.11 12.65 12.93 15.80 17.73 21.25 15.03 16.67 15.18 20.57 21.39 15.57 12.54 651.46 507.98 501.14 649.30 763.24 909.48 614.43 667.49 603.29 841.62 892.40 623.22 477.02 658.74 520.38 502.13 693.18 784.96 964.82 620.31 667.41 579.81 869.27 939.84 628.41 483.14 659.61 511.19 500.68 676.24 788.96 964.09 619.84 670.28 591.14 874.58 946.76 629.95 480.57 676.62 522.45 539.18 676.24 803.17 992.38 635.77 690.14 604.16 896.85 971.11 647.71 495.33 Nondurable goods .......................................... Food and kindred products ........................... Tobacco products ......................................... Textile mill products ...................................... Apparel and other textile products ................ Paper and allied products ............................. Printing and publishing ................................. Chemicals and allied products ...................... Petroleum and coal products ........................ Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. Leather and leather products ........................ 14.45 13.17 21.37 11.53 9.60 17.26 15.04 18.88 22.19 13.69 10.29 14.66 13.21 20.35 11.74 9.97 17.58 15.30 19.32 22.48 13.77 10.08 14.71 13.26 20.37 11.80 9.98 17.64 15.33 19.43 22.57 13.79 10.26 14.83 13.37 20.69 12.02 10.11 17.78 15.40 19.50 22.68 13.95 10.53 588.12 546.56 880.44 465.81 358.08 724.92 576.03 800.51 934.20 568.14 380.73 590.80 546.89 826.21 477.82 362.91 729.57 575.28 815.30 946.41 563.19 367.92 595.76 552.94 808.69 483.80 366.27 740.88 579.47 821.89 941.17 562.63 382.70 606.55 560.20 835.88 500.03 374.07 755.65 589.82 828.75 918.54 578.93 393.82 Service-producing ................................................. 14.16 14.44 14.51 14.61 467.28 472.19 474.48 482.13 Transportation and public utilities ..................... 17.07 17.38 17.48 17.50 658.90 665.65 671.23 677.25 Wholesale trade ................................................ 16.21 16.27 16.33 16.46 627.33 624.77 628.71 643.59 Retail trade ....................................................... 9.89 10.14 10.14 10.18 289.78 293.05 292.03 300.31 Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 16.14 16.53 16.68 16.80 592.34 591.77 600.48 618.24 Services ............................................................ 15.15 15.40 15.50 15.69 498.44 502.04 505.30 513.06 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Percent change from: Nov. 2002Dec. 2002 Total private: Current dollars ................................ Constant (1982) dollars2 ................ $14.55 8.14 $14.83 8.14 $14.85 8.14 $14.90 8.15 $14.93 8.15 $14.98 N.A. 0.3 (3) Goods-producing .............................. Mining ........................................... Construction ................................. Manufacturing ............................... Excluding overtime4 ................. 16.18 17.51 18.60 15.08 14.39 16.44 17.87 18.90 15.34 14.59 16.48 17.82 18.98 15.35 14.62 16.54 17.83 19.00 15.44 14.70 16.55 17.89 19.01 15.44 14.71 16.62 17.70 19.16 15.49 14.73 .4 -1.1 .8 .3 .1 Service-producing ............................. Transportation and public utilities Wholesale trade ............................ Retail trade ................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate ...................................... Services ........................................ 14.09 17.04 16.07 9.89 14.37 17.28 16.28 10.09 14.40 17.36 16.29 10.10 14.44 17.38 16.31 10.12 14.48 17.47 16.32 10.13 14.53 17.47 16.35 10.18 .3 .0 .2 .5 16.06 14.98 16.43 15.30 16.53 15.34 16.57 15.40 16.71 15.44 16.71 15.50 .0 .4 Industry 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was .0 percent from October 2002 to November 2002, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Industry Seasonally adjusted Dec. 2001 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Dec. 2001 Aug. 2002 Sept. 2002 Oct. 2002 Nov. 2002p Dec. 2002p Total private ............................................ 150.1 148.7 148.3 149.4 148.1 147.9 148.3 148.1 147.9 147.6 Goods-producing .................................................. 106.7 106.0 104.1 103.4 106.6 104.9 104.4 103.7 103.0 103.4 54.7 53.3 52.3 51.5 54.8 53.7 52.7 52.3 52.1 51.5 Construction ..................................................... 175.0 184.7 176.6 168.8 181.5 176.4 177.2 175.2 174.3 175.3 Mining ............................................................... Manufacturing ................................................... 95.2 92.3 91.7 92.5 93.6 92.5 91.9 91.5 90.8 91.2 Durable goods ................................................ Lumber and wood products .......................... Furniture and fixtures .................................... Stone, clay, and glass products .................... Primary metal industries ............................... Blast furnaces and basic steel products ... Fabricated metal products ............................ Industrial machinery and equipment ............. Electronic and other electrical equipment ..... Transportation equipment ............................. Motor vehicles and equipment .................. Instruments and related products ................. Miscellaneous manufacturing ....................... 98.2 133.9 121.5 111.9 80.0 61.4 111.9 85.9 89.0 109.6 146.5 71.0 90.5 94.1 136.3 118.7 116.8 75.9 59.7 109.2 80.4 76.8 105.8 144.4 66.7 92.3 93.4 132.5 117.0 113.5 75.8 59.2 107.8 80.1 77.5 105.2 143.9 66.8 92.2 94.7 133.1 123.4 109.7 77.0 60.8 109.1 82.0 78.7 107.3 147.5 68.0 92.3 96.4 134.6 119.5 113.9 78.4 61.0 108.8 84.3 86.5 106.6 141.4 69.8 89.1 94.8 134.2 123.5 114.1 75.9 59.6 108.9 82.3 79.1 106.4 145.7 67.3 89.9 94.2 134.1 121.0 113.9 75.1 59.0 108.2 81.7 78.2 105.6 144.5 67.7 90.8 93.7 133.8 119.2 113.9 75.7 59.3 108.3 81.0 76.5 105.5 144.6 67.0 90.8 92.6 131.6 118.3 112.0 75.1 57.9 106.3 80.2 76.4 103.9 142.5 66.5 90.6 93.2 134.2 122.1 112.0 75.6 60.2 106.1 80.6 76.5 104.3 142.8 66.8 90.9 Nondurable goods .......................................... 91.0 Food and kindred products ........................... 115.8 Tobacco products ......................................... 53.9 Textile mill products ...................................... 62.3 Apparel and other textile products ................ 44.9 Paper and allied products ............................. 97.4 Printing and publishing ................................. 112.8 Chemicals and allied products ...................... 95.5 Petroleum and coal products ........................ 70.7 Rubber and misc. plastics products .............. 135.2 Leather and leather products ........................ 23.4 89.7 118.9 57.6 59.9 42.2 94.3 106.7 94.7 73.1 132.8 24.7 89.4 117.6 56.7 59.8 42.4 94.9 106.8 95.0 71.5 131.9 24.7 89.5 116.6 56.3 60.8 42.1 95.8 108.4 95.0 67.5 133.4 23.2 89.8 114.7 50.2 61.7 44.6 95.4 110.2 94.5 71.5 132.9 23.8 89.4 115.8 57.9 61.3 43.4 94.5 106.2 95.6 69.4 134.4 21.9 88.9 114.9 53.3 60.1 43.1 93.7 106.0 95.3 72.9 132.9 24.1 88.4 114.2 54.0 59.8 42.2 93.6 105.7 94.8 72.0 132.8 24.5 88.2 115.1 52.9 59.5 42.1 93.9 104.7 94.5 71.2 131.6 23.9 88.4 115.9 51.3 60.3 41.9 93.9 105.7 94.2 68.2 131.2 23.6 Service-producing ................................................. 169.6 167.9 168.1 170.1 166.7 167.1 168.0 168.0 168.0 167.4 Transportation and public utilities ..................... 135.8 131.7 131.8 132.3 132.8 131.5 131.4 130.9 131.1 129.6 Wholesale trade ................................................ 126.9 125.9 125.9 127.7 125.4 126.2 126.1 126.3 125.6 126.4 Retail trade ....................................................... 152.4 146.1 147.8 152.7 145.9 146.0 146.6 147.0 146.9 146.3 Finance, insurance, and real estate ................. 142.2 140.5 141.4 144.8 140.0 141.0 141.4 141.6 142.9 142.4 Services ............................................................ 212.1 214.3 213.4 213.3 211.5 212.7 214.2 213.9 213.8 212.8 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 347 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998 .......................... 1999 .......................... 2000 .......................... 2001 .......................... 2002 .......................... 62.4 55.3 55.9 49.4 47.3 57.5 58.6 57.5 45.7 41.4 59.1 53.6 57.9 50.3 49.7 60.2 58.4 51.2 42.4 47.8 57.5 55.5 50.1 47.3 50.9 56.8 57.8 55.8 43.2 49.4 54.6 57.1 57.8 44.5 48.6 59.1 54.8 51.4 42.5 48.8 57.2 57.1 52.4 42.4 49.3 53.0 57.2 52.4 40.5 48.3 57.9 60.4 53.2 39.3 p45.4 56.8 58.1 52.7 44.1 p45.5 Over 3-month span: 1998 .......................... 1999 .......................... 2000 .......................... 2001 .......................... 2002 .......................... 65.3 59.2 60.4 45.5 40.1 66.3 57.6 61.4 46.1 43.2 65.3 59.5 58.4 40.8 42.5 65.9 55.2 53.2 43.4 46.5 62.7 60.2 52.4 37.8 48.0 58.2 57.2 55.5 43.2 50.1 58.9 59.4 56.6 39.3 47.1 59.1 59.2 56.2 38.0 45.1 59.8 59.7 51.2 35.3 47.3 57.9 58.9 51.0 33.7 p45.1 57.1 61.2 53.2 36.3 p42.8 58.8 60.7 51.6 38.9 Over 6-month span: 1998 .......................... 1999 .......................... 2000 .......................... 2001 .......................... 2002 .......................... 70.2 60.2 61.1 44.7 37.0 67.4 58.9 59.4 42.7 41.6 64.7 58.5 58.1 39.5 43.4 61.5 59.7 57.9 40.1 44.4 64.1 57.2 54.2 40.8 46.5 62.1 60.8 52.4 35.6 46.0 59.1 61.2 52.9 37.0 46.5 58.8 62.5 54.2 32.4 p43.1 57.5 62.7 52.4 34.3 p40.5 60.2 61.8 48.7 33.1 59.2 61.2 45.7 34.1 58.4 62.8 46.5 35.6 Over 12-month span: 1998 .......................... 1999 .......................... 2000 .......................... 2001 .......................... 2002 .......................... 69.9 61.2 61.4 41.5 35.2 67.9 60.1 59.9 41.5 36.0 67.6 58.2 58.8 38.9 37.3 65.6 61.0 56.2 37.5 38.3 64.1 60.7 55.3 37.3 p40.2 62.7 61.5 53.6 36.2 p39.6 61.7 62.2 53.0 34.1 62.2 61.1 51.0 33.6 60.8 63.8 47.7 34.4 59.4 62.2 45.2 33.9 60.8 59.7 44.5 33.3 58.9 60.5 42.9 34.0 Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1998 .......................... 1999 .......................... 2000 .......................... 2001 .......................... 2002 .......................... 57.0 47.4 44.9 34.9 35.3 52.6 41.2 52.2 26.8 37.9 52.2 42.6 49.3 38.2 40.4 52.9 46.0 46.0 29.0 47.4 44.9 46.3 49.3 28.3 47.1 47.4 43.4 50.7 30.5 40.4 38.2 50.0 57.4 34.9 48.9 52.9 42.6 36.8 25.7 41.9 44.9 46.0 39.0 31.6 40.1 38.6 45.6 42.3 31.3 40.4 42.3 51.5 47.1 25.0 p40.8 41.5 49.3 40.8 30.9 p37.5 Over 3-month span: 1998 .......................... 1999 .......................... 2000 .......................... 2001 .......................... 2002 .......................... 59.2 39.3 48.2 21.3 24.6 57.0 39.3 48.9 21.3 30.1 54.8 39.7 48.9 18.4 37.1 51.8 40.1 44.5 23.5 38.6 48.2 41.2 46.7 19.9 40.1 38.2 43.8 52.2 23.2 41.2 41.9 44.1 46.0 17.3 38.6 43.0 46.3 38.6 19.1 34.6 43.0 42.3 29.0 16.2 32.4 38.2 44.1 34.2 18.0 p32.4 32.7 47.8 39.0 18.4 p29.8 40.4 45.2 36.0 18.0 Over 6-month span: 1998 .......................... 1999 .......................... 2000 .......................... 2001 .......................... 2002 .......................... 60.7 36.4 47.8 20.2 19.9 54.4 36.0 45.2 16.9 26.8 49.3 37.5 44.5 14.0 29.8 40.1 40.4 50.0 16.2 38.2 45.2 37.5 41.9 16.5 36.4 42.6 42.3 37.9 13.2 34.2 39.0 43.0 36.0 14.7 31.6 38.2 44.5 35.3 11.8 p27.9 34.6 48.2 32.4 14.0 p26.5 41.2 43.0 26.1 13.2 35.7 44.5 21.3 17.6 33.1 47.4 21.7 16.5 Over 12-month span: 1998 .......................... 1999 .......................... 2000 .......................... 2001 .......................... 2002 .......................... 54.8 38.6 49.3 13.6 18.0 52.2 34.6 44.1 13.6 18.0 51.8 32.4 39.3 13.6 20.2 46.7 36.0 36.8 15.4 20.2 40.4 37.9 35.3 12.1 p24.6 40.1 39.0 34.2 11.0 p21.7 38.2 40.1 33.8 11.0 37.5 40.4 28.7 11.0 36.4 44.5 22.1 12.9 34.6 44.5 19.1 12.9 35.7 43.4 17.6 14.0 34.2 44.5 14.0 13.6 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
@FedFRASER