Full text of The Employment Situation : December 1991
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United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information:
Media contact:
(202) 523-1371
523-19**
523-1959
523-1913
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
USDL 92-10
TRANSMISSION OP MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
JANUARY 10, 1992
DECEMBER 1991
The nation's job market showed continued weakness in Decentoer, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
The unemployment rate rose two-tenths of a percentage point to 7.1 percent
from a revised 6.9 percent in both October and November. Nonfarm payroll
employment was little changed in December, following a large decline in
November.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons rose by 290»000 in December to 8.9
million (after seasonal adjustment), and the unemployment rate rose 0.2
percentage point to 7.1 percent. Prior to December, the unenployment rate
had held at about 6.8 percent between May and September before edging up to
6.9 percent in October and November. Since the recession began in July
1990, the jobless total has grown by 2.1 million and the unemployment rate
has risen 1 -7 percentage points. (See table A-1.)
Jobless rates for adult men (6.6
percent) edged up in Decentoer. Rates
(6.3 percent), blacks (12.7 percent),
little changed over the month, though
tables A-1 and A-2.)
percent) and adult women (6.1
for teenagers (19.3 percent), whites
and Hispanics (9.7 percent) were
mostly in an upward direction. (See
Nearly all of the Decentoer increase in unenployment occurred anong
persons who had lost their last jobs, primarily those who had no
expectation of being called back to work. Since July 1990, the total
nuntoer of job losers (including those on layoff anticipating recall) has
increased by 1.8 million. Job losers accounted for 56 percent of the
unenployed in Decentoer. (See table A-6.)
Long-term unenployment (15 weeks and over) rose by 220,000 in Decentoer
to a level of 2.8 million; the long-term unenployed accounted for about 1
out of every 3 unenployed persons in Decentoer, up from 1 in 5 at the onset
of the recession. Most of the over-the-month increase in long-term
unenployment was accounted for by persons jobless for 6 months or longer.
(See table A-5.)
This release incorporates annual revisions in seasonally
adjusted unenployment and other labor force series derived from
the household survey. Information on the revisions appears on
page 5.
- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
I
Quarterly
averages
I
Monthly data
.I
Category
1991
JNov.JDec.
1991
I
III
j
I
IV
_ | change
j Oct. j N o v . j D e c . j
I
I
I
I
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Thousands of persons
Civilian labor force.
Employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers
125,2661 125,500| 125.508| 125,374| 125.6191 245
116,7671 116,7891 116.8671 116,772| 116,728| -44
8,4991 8,711| 8,641| 8,602| 8,8911 289
64,7121 64,9491 64.781| 65.078| 64,986| -92
N.A.j
N.A.j
N.A.j N.A.
1,0641 1.094|
I
I
I
I
Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin.
8|
51
6|
19.O|
6.1|
12.2|
6.91
6.5|
6.0|
19.0|
6.2|
12.6|
I
6 9|
6 51
5.8|
18.91
|
12.8|
10.51
6.•91
6.M
5.•91
18.7|
6.2|
12.31
10.2|
I
I
7.1|
6.6|
19^3|
6.3|
12.7|
9.7|
.2
.2
.2
.6
.1
.4
.5
Thousands of jobs
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm employment.... 108.965|p108 ,907| 109,073|p108.808|p108,839| P31
Goods-producing J/..
23.807| p23 ,631| 23,727| p23.595| p23,572| p-23
Construction
4.695| P4 ,617|
4,671| p4,583| p4.596| p13
Manufacturing
18,4191 P18 ,340| 18,3771 p18,338| p18,306| p-32
Service-producing \J \ 85.1581 p85 ,2751 85,346| p85,213| p85,267| p54
Retail trade
19,3431 p19 ,221| 19.2881 p19.196| p19.180| p-16
Services
28.834| P29
Government
18,4191 p18 ,025| 29.0191 P29.009I p29.047| p38
,488| 18.4671 p18.465| p18.531| p66
Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime
I
34.3|
P34.4|
40.9|
p4L0|
3.7|
P3.7|
\J Includes other industries, not shown I separately.
NOTE: Household data have been revised based on
the experience through December 1991•
34.3|
40.9|
3.7|
p34.4|
p41.0|
P3.7|
I
P34.5I p0.1
P3.8|
I
N.A.- not available,
p^preliminary.
- 3 Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total enployment was little changed in Decentoer at a seasonally
adjusted level of 116.7 million. The number of employed persons was about
1.2 million lower than when the recession began. The employment-population
ratio—the proportion of the working-age population that is employed—was
61.2 percent in Decentoer, down 1-1/2 percentage points since July 1990.
(See table A-1.)
The civilian labor force rose slightly in December, to 125.6 million,
and the labor force participation rate, at 65-9 percent, was about
unchanged. Over the past year, the labor force has grown by only about
half a million, reflecting the net effect of a pronounced decline in the
teenage labor force and only modest growth among adults.
Discouraged Workers (Household Survey Data)
The nurrtoer of discouraged workers—persons who want a job but are not
looking for one because they think that their search would be futile—was
1.1 million in the fourth quarter of 1991, little changed from the previous
quarter. Since the recession began, the discouraged total has expanded by
some 270,000 persons, much less than the increase registered during the
1981-82 downturn (about 700,000). (See table A-11.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment changed little in Decenfcer following a
265,000 decline in November. Private sector employment declined throughout
the entire fourth quarter, led by decreases in goods-producing industries.
(See table B-1.)
Manufacturing lost 32,000 jobs; the industry's employment has shrunk
by 1.2 million since January of 1989, mostly in durable goods. Much of the
Deceirber decline came in transportation equipment, with autos losing 7,000
jobs (in a continuation of month-to-month fluctuations) and aircraft
manufacturing experiencing further declines. Industrial machinery,
fabricated metals, and instruments sustained further job losses as well.
In contrast, employment edged up in textiles, which, along with apparel,
has had steady gains since April.
Jobs in the construction industry held about steady in December after
declining by 88,000 in November. Seasonal layoffs normally occurring in
both months were more concentrated in Noventoer because of unusually bad
weather. About 600,000 construction jobs have been lost since May of 1990.
Mining employment continued its pattern of small but persistent losses.
In the service-producing sector, wholesale trade continued to lose
jobs—15,000 in December—reflecting the overall weakness in manufacturing
and retail trade. Enployment in retail trade changed little in Deceirber on
a seasonally adjusted basis, but overall Christmas hiring was much weaker
than usual in 1991. Transportation and public utilities lost 23,000 jobs,
largely because two air carriers ceased operations. Services added 38,000
jobs following a slight decline in Noventoer; the Decentoer gains were
- 4 -
limited to the health services industry.
by about 100,000 in the last 3 months.
Government employment has risen
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in December to 34.5 hours,
following an equivalent increase in the prior month. After dropping to
34.0 in April 1991, the average workweek is back to the level of mid-1989.
The factory workweek and overtime also increased 0.1 hour to 41.1 and 3.8
hours, respectively. Manufacturing hours continue to be high by historical
standards, (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours increased by two-tenths of a
percent to 121.7 (1982-100) in December, seasonally adjusted, following a
slight increase in November. The index of manufacturing hours also gained
0.2 percent to 102*7, after declining for 3 months. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers increased by 0.7 percent in December, seasonally adjusted. As a
result of this and the small increase in weekly hours, average weekly
earnings increased 1.0 percent. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average
hourly earnings increased by 5 cents to $10.51, while average weekly
earnings were up $5.92 to $362.25. Over the past year, hourly and weekly
earnings both rose 3.1 percent. (See table B~3.)
The Employment Situation for January 1992 will be released on Friday,
February 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
- 5Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
At the end of each calendar year, BLS routinely updates the seasonal
adjustment factors for the labor force series derived from the Current
Population Survey (household survey) to incorporate the experience of that
year. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to
revision. (Seasonally adjusted establishment data are revised later in the
year, concurrently with the introduction of annual benchmark adjustments.)
Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall
unemployment rate in 1991, showing that 6 of the 12 months had revisions of
0.1 percentage point. Table C presents revised seasonally adjusted data
for major labor force series for Deceniber 1990 through Decenfaer 1991.
The January 1992 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain new
seasonal adjustment factors that will be used to calculate the civilian
labor force and other major series for January-June of 1992. The
publication will also contain a description of the current seasonal
adjustment methodology and revised data for the most recent 13 months or
calendar quarters for all regularly published tables containing seasonally
adjusted household survey data. Revised monthly data for the 1987-91
revision period for nearly 450 labor force series will be published in the
February 1992 issue. Microconputer diskettes of historical seasonally
adjusted data (monthly and quarterly) may be purchased from the Bureau
(contact Gloria P. Green on 202—523-1959).
Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 1991
and change due to revision
Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
|
|
As first
computed
|
j
As
revised
|
6.2
6.5
6.8
6.6
6.9
7.0
6.8
6.8
6.7
6.8
6.8
•7.1
I
6-2
6.5
6.7
6.6
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.9
|
|
j
|
|
j
|
Not published.
I
6.9
7.1
Change
0
0
| -0.1
0
-.1
-.1
0
j
0
.1
|
.1
.1
I
0
I
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table C. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age
1990
Dec.
1991
Jan.
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
....• •••
Employment-population ratio2...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
188,866 188,977 189,115 189,243 189.380 189,522 189,668 189,839 189,973 190,122 190,289 190,452 190,605
125,144 124,740 125,067 125,250 125,644 125,259 125,524 125,204 125,004 125,590 125,508 125,374 125,619
66.0
66,
66.0
66.3
66.1
66.1
66.:
66.1
66.2
65.8
66.0
65.8
65.9
117,476 116,977 116,937 116,834 117,388 116,730 116,909 116,729 116,484 117,089 116,867 116,772 116.728
61.7
61.6
61.9
61.8
62.0
61.6
62.2
61.6
61.5
61.3
61.4
61.3
61.2
7,668 7,763 8,130 8,416 8,256 8,529 8,615 8,475 8,520 8,501 8,641 8.602 8,891
6.8
6.2
6.;
6.5
6.6
6.8
6.1
6.8
6.9
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.1
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1...
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..„
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
83,208
64,768
77.8
61,096
73.4
2,394
58,702
3,672
5.7
18,440
83,271
64,416
77.4
60,768
73.0
2,318
58,450
3,648
5.7
18t855
83,392
64,583
77.4
60,573
72.6
2,332
58,241
4,010
6.2
16,809
83.466
64,703
77.5
60,597
72.6
2.269
58,328
4,106
6.3
18.763
83.567
64,982
77.8
60,947
72.9
2.340
58,607
4,035
6.2
18,585
83,636
64,781
77.5
60,638
72.5
2,364
58,274
4,143
6.4
18,855
83,748
64,906
77.5
60,691
72.5
2,414
58,277
4.215
6.5
16,842
83,865
64,896
77.4
60,671
72.3
2,383
58,288
4,225
6.5
18,969
83,940
64,816
77.2
60,605
72.2
2,368
58,237
4,211
6.5
19,124
84,023
65,086
77.5
60,843
72.4
2,400
58,443
4,243
6.5
18,937
84,151
64,961
77.2
60,746
72.2
2,370
58,376
4,215
6.5
19,190
84,245
64,914
77.1
60,764
72.1
2,390
58,374
4,150
6.4
19,331
84,367
64,962
77.0
60,672
71.9
2,317
58,355
4,290
6.6
19,405
92,042
53,188
57.8
50,396
54.8
640
49,756
2,792
5.2
38,854
92,139
53,138
57.7
50,328
54.6
653
49,675
2,810
5.3
39,001
92,198
53,318
57.8
50,438
54.7
667
49,771
2,880
5.4
38,380
92,273
53,396
57.9
50,408
54.6
618
49,790
2,988
5.6
38,877
92,358
53,630
58.1
50,689
54.9
627
50,062
2,941
5.5
33,728
92,454
53,492
57.9
50,424
54.5
633
49,791
3,068
5.7
38,962
92,546
53,728
58.1
50,639
54.7
626
50.013
3,089
5.7
38,818
92,654
53,599
57.8
50,681
54.7
615
50,066
2,918
5.4
39,055
92,720
53,601
57.8
50,542
54.5
642
49,900
3,059
5.7
39,119
92.797
53,650
57.8
50.639
54.6
667
49,972
3,011
5.6
39.147
92,875
53,696
57.8
50.564
54.4
636
49,928
3.132
5.8
39,179
92,958
53,655
57.7
50,474
54.3
672
49,802
3,181
5.9
39,303
93,032
53,909
57.9
50,613
54.4
661
49,952
3,296
6.1
39,123
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1....
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
13,616 13,567 13,525 13,504 13,455 13,432 13.374 13,320 13,313 13,302 13,263 13,250 13,206
7,188 7,186 7,166 7,151 7,032 6,986 6,890 6,709 6,587 6,854 6,851 6,805 6,748
53.0
53.0
52.0
50.4
51.5
51.4
52.3
51.7
52.8
51.5
49.5
51.1
53.0
5,984 5,881 5,926 5,829 5,752 5,668 5,579 5,377 5,337 5,607 5,557 5,534 5,443
42.2
40.4
42.2
43.3
43.2
41.9
42.7
41.7
40.1
41.8
41.2
43.9
43.8
259
246
216
223
237
244
198
210
238
220
246
250
205
5,734 5,658 5,688 5,592 5.532 5.409 5,333 5,131 5,093 5,391 5,359 5,324 5,238
1,311 1,332 1,250 1,247 1,294 1,271 1,305
1,204 1,305 1,240 1,322 1,280 1,318
18.2
18.5
19.9
18.2
17.3
18.2
18.9
19.0
18.9
18.7
19.0
19.3
16.8
6,726 6,448 6,412 6,445 6.458
6,428 6,381 6,359 6,353 6,423 6,446 6,484 6,611
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1991.
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current
Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The
household survey provides the information on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census
with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls
that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA.
This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in
cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over
350,000 establishments employing over 41 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey* the reference week is the pay
period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal
adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of
these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected so
as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years
of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as
employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at which they
worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as
paid employees; worked in their own business or profession or on
their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise
operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or
not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid
leave because of illness, bad weather, labor-management disputes,
or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they
meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during
the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and
they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their former jobs and
awaiting recall and those expecting to report to a job within 30
days need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed
The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number employed
and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. Table
A-7 presents a special grouping of seven measures of
unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and
the labor force. The definitions are provided in the table. The
most restrictive definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive
yields U~7. The civilian worker unemployment rate is U-5b, while
U-Sa, the overall unemployment rate, includes die resident Armed
Forces in the labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonfarm firms. As a result, there are many
differences between the two surveys, among which are the
following:
• The household survey, although based on a smaller sample,reflectst
excludes
larger segment of the
*—•— -•-- ^ - • •
- private
agriculture, the self-a
• The
employed;
on unpaid leave among the
• The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older, the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
• The household survey has no .duplication of individuals, because each
individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees
wonting at more tnan one job or otherwise appearing on roorc than one
payroll would be c^^ntfri separately for each appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll
Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force
increases by a large number each June, when schools close and
many young people enter the job market The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for
example, seasonality may account for as much as 95 percent of the
month-to-month changes in unemployment
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical fiends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These
adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in
economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the
labor force, easier to spot To return to the school's-out example,
die large number of people entering the labor force each June is
likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined However, because the effect of
students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable
change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze
changes in economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted
either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more
accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For
example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the civilian labor force
is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted employment components
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total
for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the
civilian labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the JanuaryJune period and again for the JulyDecember period. For the establishment survey, updated factors
for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period
and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the
November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical
data are made once a year.
are approximately 90 out of 100 that the "true" level or rate would
not be expected to differ from the estimates by more than these
amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data
are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually.
Abo, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the
sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the
size of the labor force is subject to less error than is the estimate of
the number unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the
sampling error for the jobless rate of adult men, for example, is
much smaller than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless rate for
men is .25 percentage point; for teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage
points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the most current 2
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are revised
In other words, data for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final form in
December.
To remove errors that build up over time, a
comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The
results of this survey are used to establish new benchmarkscomprehensive counts of employment—against which month-tomonth changes can be measured. The new benchmarks also
incorporate changes in the classification of industries and allow for
the formation of new establishments.
Sampling variability
Additional statistics and other Information
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of
people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys
probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a
complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures
were used* In the household survey, the amount of the differences
can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value
of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results
of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that
in estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the
standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances
are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error
from the results of a complete census. At approximately the 90percent level of confidence-the confidence limits used by BLS in
its analyses-the error for the monthly change in total employment
is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total unemployment it
is 224,000; and, for the civilian worker unemployment rate, it is
0.19 percentage points. These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances
Li order to provide a broad view of the nation's employment
situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this
news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in
Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is
available for $10.00 per issue or $31.00 per year from the U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must
accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the
standard errors for the household survey data published in this
release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the
standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory
Notes.** Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to
benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of
that publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory
impaired individuals upon request Voice phone: 202-523-1221,
TDD phone: 202-523-3926, TDD Message Referral Phone
Number. 1-800-326-2577.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Dec.
1990
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept.
1991
Oct.
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
168,866
124,630
66.0
117.287
62.1
2,943
114,344
7,343
5.9
64,236
190,452
125.396
65.8
117,110
61.5
3.181
113,929
8,286
6.6
65,056
190,605
125.108
65.6
116,549
61.1
2,862
113,687
8,559
6.8
65,498
188,866
125,144
66.3
117,476
62.2
3,284
114,192
7,668
6.1
63.722
189,973
125,004
65.8
116,484
61.3
3,254
113,230
8,520
6.8
64,969
190,122
125,590
66.1
117,089
61.6
3,283
113,806
8,501
6.8
64,532
190,289
125,508
66.0
116,867
61.4
3,204
113,663
8,641
6.9
64,781
190,452
125,374
65.8
116,772
61.3
3,272
113,500
8,602
6.9
65,078
190,605
125,619
65.9
116,728
61.2
3.183
113,545
8,891
7.1
64.986
90,083
68.112
75.6
63,788
70.8
4,324
6.3
90,924
68.207
75.0
63,538
69.9
4,669
6.8
91,008
68,008
74.7
63,025
69.3
4,983
7.3
90,083
68,568
76.1
64,222
71.3
4,346
6.3
90,658
68,269
75.3
63,378
69.9
4,891
7.2
90,736
68,722
75.7
63,767
70.3
4,955
7.2
90,830
68,491
75.4
63,597
70.0
4,894
7.1
90,924
68,417
75.2
63,572
69.9
4,845
7.1
91,006
68,416
75.2
63,426
69.7
4,990
7.3
83,208
64,575
77.6
60.881
73.2
2,205
58,676
3,695
5.7
84,245
64,859
77.0
60.876
72.3
2,364
58.512
3,983
6.1
84,367
64,793
76.8
60.467
71.7
2,134
58.334
4,326
6.7
83,208
64,768
77.8
61,096
73.4
2.394
58,702
3,672
5.7
83,940
64.816
77.2
60,605
72.2
2,368
58,237
4.211
6.5
84,023
65,086
77.5
60,843
72.4
2,400
56,443
4,243
6.5
84,151
64,961
77.2
60,746
72.2
2,370
58.376
4,215
6.5
84,245
64,914
77.1
60,764
72.1
2.390
58,374
4,150
6.4
84,367
64,962
77.0
60,672
71.9
2,317
58,355
4,290
6.6
98,783
56.518
57.2
53,499
54.2
3,020
5.3
99,528
57.189
57.5
53,572
53.8
3,617
6.3
99,597
57,100
57.3
53,524
53.7
3,576
6.3
98,783
56.576
57.3
53,254
53.9
3,322
5.9
99.315
56,735
57.1
53,106
53.5
3,629
6.4
99,386
56,868
57.2
53,322
53.7
3.546
6.2
99,459
57.017
57.3
53.270
53.6
3,747
6.6
99,528
56,957
57.2
53,200
53.5
3,757
6.6
99,597
57,203
57.4
53,302
53.5
3,901
6.8
92,042
53,284
57.9
50,697
55.1
578
50,119
2.586
4.9
92,958
54,046
58.1
50,963
54.8
661
50,302
3,082
5.7
93,032
53,962
58.0
50,696
54.7
597
50,299
3,066
5.7
92,042
53,188
57.8
50,396
54.8
640
49,756
2,792
5.2
92,720
53,601
57.8
50,542
54.5
642
49,900
3,059
5.7
92,797
53,650
57.8
50,639
54.6
667
49,972
3,011
5.6
92.875
53,696
57.8
50,564
54.4
636
49,928
3,132
5.8
92.958
53,655
57.7
50.474
54.3
672
49,802
3.181
5.9
93,032
53,909
57.9
50,613
54.4
661
49,952
3,296
6.1
13,616
6,772
49.7
5,709
41.9
160
5,549
1,063
15.7
13,250
6,492
49.0
5,271
39.8
156
5,115
1.221
18.8
13,206
6,352
48.1
5,186
39.3
131
5,054
1,166
18.4
13,616
7,188
52.8
5,984
43.9
250
5,734
1,204
16.8
13,313
6,587
49.5
5,337
40.1
244
5.093
1,250
19.0
13,302
6,854
51.5
5,607
42.2
216
5,391
1.247
18.2
13,263
6,851
51.7
5,557
41.9
196
5,359
1,294
18.9
13,250
6,805
51.4
5,534
41.8
210
5,324
1,271
187
13,206
6,748
51.1
5,443
41.2
205
5,238
1,305
19.3
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio...
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio....
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio.
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1991.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Dec.
1990
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
Oct
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
160,942
106,948
66.5
101,505
63.1
5.443
5.1
161,949
107,550
66.4
101,205
62.5
6,346
5.9
162,047
107,172
66.1
100,625
62.1
6,547
6.1
160,942
107,398
66.7
101,704
63.2
5,694
5.3
161,642
107,220
66.3
100,716
62.3
6,504
6.1
161.738
107,593
66.5
101,053
62.5
6,540
6.1
161,846
107,632
66.5
101,067
62.4
6,565
6.1
161,949
107,599
66.4
100,977
62.4
6,622
6.2
162,047
107,646
66.4
100,828
62.2
6,816
6.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
56,071
78.0
53,213
74.0
2,858
5.1
56,277
77.5
53,096
73.2
3,181
5.7
56,126
77.3
52,723
72.6
3,403
6.1
56,205
78.2
53,389
74.3
2.816
5.0
56,246
77.7
52,931
73.1
3,315
5.9
56,457
77.9
53,040
73.2
3,417
6.1
56,320
77.7
52,990
73.1
3,330
5.9
56,312
77.6
53,011
73.0
3,301
5.9
56,244
77.4
52,896
72.8
3,348
6.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
45,050
57.6
43,229
55.3
1,821
4.0
45,672
58.0
43,447
55.2
2,225
4.9
45,542
57.8
43,298
54.9
2,244
4.9
44,997
57.6
42,998
55.0
1,999
4.4
45,263
57.6
43.000
54.7
2,263
5.0
45,240
57.5
43,040
54.7
2,200
4.9
45,384
57.6
43,118
54.8
2,266
5.0
45,372
57.6
43,038
54.6
2,334
5.1
45,530
57.8
43,076
54.6
2,454
5.4
5.827
53.4
5,063
46.4
764
13.1
15.3
10.8
5,602
52.9
4,662
44.0
940
16.8
18.0
15.5
5,504
52.0
4,603
43.5
901
16.4
18.1
14.5
6,196
56.8
5,317
48.8
879
14.2
15.3
12.9
5,711
53.6
4,785
45.0
926
16.2
16.9
15.5
5,896
55.5
4,973
46.8
923
15.7
16.9
14.3
5,928
55.9
4,959
46.7
969
16.3
16.9
15.6
5,915
55.8
4.928
46.5
987
16.7
17.4
15.9
5,872
55.5
4,856
45.9
1,016
17.3
18.0
16.6
21,448
13,478
62.8
11,859
55.3
1,619
12.0
21,745
13,482
62.0
11,847
54.5
1,635
12.1
21,774
13,549
62.2
11,871
54.5
1,678
12.4
21,448
13,486
62.9
11,821
55.1
1,665
12.3
21,655
13,488
62.3
11,814
54.6
1,674
12.4
21,683
13,731
63.3
12,043
55.5
1,688
12.3
21,714
13,570
62.5
11,834
54.5
1,736
12.8
21,745
13,426
61.7
11,779
54.2
1,647
12.3
21,774
13,559
62.3
11,841
54.4
1,718
12.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed..«
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,340
73.9
5,641
65.8
699
11.0
6,353
72.6
5,689
65.0
663
10.4
6,393
72.9
5,654
64.5
739
11.6
6,354
74.1
5,654
65.9
700
11.0
6,329
72.8
5,597
64.3
732
11.6
6,414
73.6
5,702
65.4
712
11.1
6,377
73.0
5,673
65.0
704
11.0
6,357
72.7
5,675
64.9
682
10.7
6,402
73.0
5,665
64.6
737
11.5
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
..
«
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,386
59.5
5,729
53.4
657
10.3
6,450
59.1
5,715
52.4
735
11.4
6,497
59.5
5,786
52.9
711
10.9
6,343
59.1
5,665
52.8
678
10.7
6,476
59.6
5,799
53.4
677
10.5
6,560
60.3
5,876
54.0
684
10.4
6,464
59.3
5,716
52.5
748
11.6
6,366
58.3
5,648
51.8
718
11.3
6,460
59.1
5,730
52.4
730
11.3
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
751
35.2
488
22.9
263
35.0
36.6
33.3
679
32.6
442
21.2
237
34.9
35.7
33.9
660
31.7
431
20.7
229
34.7
35.3
33.9
789
37.0
502
23.5
287
36.4
37.0
35.7
683
32.6
418
20.0
265
38.8
36.7
41.4
757
36.3
465
22.3
292
38.6
40.7
35.9
729
34.9
445
21.3
284
39.0
36.1
42.1
703
33.7
456
21.9
247
35.1
36.4
33.8
697
33.5
446
21.4
251
36.0
35.7
36.3
WHITE
Civilian noninstttutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
,
,
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
"
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
....
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A»2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, tax, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Dec.
1990
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept.
1991
Oct
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
14,514
9,472
65.3
8,586
59.2
887
9.4
14,948
9,817
65.7
8,812
58.9
1,006
10.2
14,987
9,757
65.1
8,810
58.8
948
9.7
14,514
9,581
66.0
8,678
59.8
903
9.4
14,829
9,752
65.8
8.781
59.2
971
10.0
14,869
9,852
66.3
8,782
59.1
1,070
10.9
14,908
9,900
66.4
8,865
59.5
1,035
10.5
14,948
9,848
65.9
8,844
59.2
1,004
10.2
14,987
9,875
65.9
8,915
59.5
960
9.7
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employemnt-population rate
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1991.
Table A-3. Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Category
Dec.
1990
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept.
1991
Oct
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
117.287
40,795
29,951
6,464
117,110
40,629
30,148
6,542
116,549
40,312
29,967
6,629
117,476
40,691
29,758
6,371
116,484
40,457
29,866
6,475
117,089
40,440
29,833
6,551
116,867
40,472
29,838
6,469
116,772
40,398
29,803
6,501
116,728
40,206
29,779
6,536
30,823
36,513
15,860
13,435
17,656
3,001
31,313
36,017
16,034
13,116
17.394
3,235
31,865
35.774
16,026
12,903
17f018
2,964
30,760
36,326
15,691
13,522
17,564
3,461
30,923
35,935
15,957
13,103
17,117
3,463
31,041
36,030
16,061
13,064
17,383
3,452
31,139
36,045
16,051
13,129
17,138
3,439
31,218
35,862
16,121
13,023
17,189
3,460
31,796
35,626
16,076
12,982
16,922
3,420
1,507
1,354
82
1,614
1,462
105
1.478
1,300
85
1.677
1,487
103
1,699
1.467
107
1,715
1,437
117
1,654
1.440
121
1,683
1,486
115
1,646
1.431
108
105,195
17,939
87,256
1,012
86,244
8.927
222
104.674
18,122
86,552
938
85,614
9,029
226
104,685
18,156
86,529
954
65,575
8.790
212
104,897
17,692
87,205
1.012
86,193
8,896
238
104,237
17,903
86,334
1,035
85,299
8,867
215
104,645
17,944
86,701
1,013
85,688
8,955
201
104,527
18,135
86,392
993
85,399
8,950
232
104,291
17,812
86,479
954
85.525
8.950
231
104.407
17,915
86,492
953
85,539
8,756
229
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons .
Slack work
Could only find part-time work.
Voluntary part time
5,497
3.074
2,199
16,119
6,338
3,343
2,705
15,999
6,221
3,325
2,620
15,907
5,600
3,016
2,300
15,079
5,968
3,137
2,601
15,035
6,327
3,358
2,663
15,021
6.304
3,384
2,631
14,980
6,408
3,297
2.768
14,924
6,321
3.246
2.743
14,893
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,211
2,850
2,140
15.740
6,018
3,103'
2,634
15,558
5,959
3,124
2,560
15,515
5,331
2,825
2,223
14,648
5,710
2,968
2.517
14,589
6,040
3,158
2.584
14,561
6,055
3,196
2,565
14,497
6,123
3.102
2,688
14,463
6,084
3.081
2,664
14,450
CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over....
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Service occupations
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
.
,
INDUSTRY AND CLASS OP WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1991.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates1
Category
Dec.
1990
Nov.
1991
7,668
3,672
2,792
1,204
8,602
4,150
3.181
1,271
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
1,629
1,271
613
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
Oct.
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
8,891
4,290
3,296
1,305
6.1
5.7
5.2
16.8
6.8
6.5
5.7
19.0
6.8
6.5
5.6
18.2
6.9
6.5
5.8
18.9
69
6.4
5.9
18.7
7.1
6.6
6.1
19.3
1,925
1,436
651
1,999
1,524
652
3.8
4.1
8.8
4.4
4.4
9.4
4.5
4.5
9.0
4.2
4.5
9.4
4.5
4.6
9.1
4.7
4.9
9.1
6,267
1,370
7,031
1,540
7,309
1,547
5.8
7.7
7.0
6.6
8.3
7.7
6.5
8.4
77
6.6
8.4
7.7
6.5
6.6
7.9
6.8
8.6
8.1
721
1,625
1,032
1,897
261
933
2,004
1,165
1,920
307
944
2,101
1,168
2,029
280
2.3
4.8
7.1
9.7
7.0
2.9
5.1
8.2
10.3
7.9
2.8
5.1
8.0
10.0
7.9
2.9
5.2
8.1
10.1
7.8
2.9
5.3
8.2
10.0
8.1
2.9
5.6
8.3
10.7
7.6
5,910
2,368
47
873
1,448
875
573
3,542
283
1,586
1,673
494
240
6,748
2.615
69
960
1,586
868
718
4,133
387
1,779
1,967
624
238
6,909
2,554
61
971
1,522
888
634
4,355
456
1,858
2,041
654
214
6.3
8.2
6.5
14.1
6.7
6.8
6.4
5.5
4.3
6.7
4.9
2.7
12.5
7.1
9.0
7.7
15.4
7.2
7.4
7.0
6.2
5.2
7.6
5.5
3.3
11.8
7.0
8.9
9.6
15.7
6.9
7.0
6.8
6.2
4.9
7.8
5.4
3.4
11.2
7.1
9.0
8.3
16.1
7.0
7.4
6.4
6.3
5.1
7.7
5.5
3.5
7.2
9.3
9.2
16.1
7.4
7.1
7.9
6.3
5.7
7.5
5.7
3.4
12.4
7.4
9.2
8.2
16.3
7.2
7.3
7.1
6.6
6.7
7.8
5.8
3.5
11.5
Dec.
1991
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over....
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
OCCUPATION3
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support..
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utitities
,
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
11.9
not available because the seasonal components are small relative to the
trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be
separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1991.
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are
2
Table A-5. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Dec.
1990
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
3,057
2.614
1,673
908
765
3,306
2,562
2,418
1,160
1,257
3,053
2.827
2.678
1,284
1,394
3,316
2.562
1,774
966
BOB
3,386
2.686
2,417
1,258
1,159
12.7
6.1
14.8
7.1
15.6
8.1
12.5
5.9
100.0
41.6
35.6
22.8
12.4
10.4
100.0
39,9
30.9
29.2
14.0
15.2
100.0
35.7
33.0
31.3
15.0
16.3
100.0
43.3
33.5
23.2
12.6
10.6
Sept.
1991
Oct
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
3,344
2,798
2,422
1,260
1,162
3,300
2,774
2,570
1,415
1.155
3,289
2,721
2,623
1,300
1,323
3,307
2.764
2.B43
1.372
1,471
14.1
7.2
14.2
7.4
14.6
7.4
14.9
7.7
15.3
7.8
100.0
39.9
31.6
28.5
14.8
13.7
100.0
39.0
32.7
28.3
14.7
13.6
100.0
38.2
32.1
29.7
16.4
13.4
100.0
38.1
31.5
30.4
15.1
15.3
100.0
37.1
31.0
31.9
15.4
16.5
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
*
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1991.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Reasons
Dec.
1990
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
3,956
1.264
2.692
957
1,888
542
4,556
1,112
3,444
1,004
2,033
694
5,091
1,343
3,748
837
1,942
688
3,880
1,182
2,698
1,044
2,112
666
4,690
1,286
3,404
892
2,107
773
100.0
53.9
17.2
36.7
13.0
25.7
7.4
100.0
55.0
13.4
41.6
12.1
24.5
8.4
100.0
59.5
15.7
43.8
9.8
22.7
8.0
100.0
50.4
15.3
35.0
13.6
27.4
8.6
3.2
.8
1.5
.4
3.6
.8
1.6
.6
4.1
.7
1.6
.6
3.1
.8
1.7
.5
Sept
1991
Oct.
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
4,805
1,149
3.656
946
2,036
783
4,782
1,230
3.552
986
2,100
613
4,696
1,196
3,500
987
2,108
774
4,990
1,256
3,734
913
2.164
811
100.0
55.4
15.2
40.2
10.5
24.9
9.1
100.0
56.1
13.4
42.7
11.0
23.8
9.1
100.0
55.1
14.2
40.9
11.4
24.2
9.4
100.0
54.8
14.0
40.9
11.5
24.6
9.0
100.0
56.2
14.1
42.1
10.3
24.4
9,1
3.8
.7
1.7
.6
3.8
.8
1.6
.6
3.8
.8
1.7
.6
3.7
.8
1.7
.6
4.0
.7
1.7
.6
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1991.
Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Monthly data
1991
1990
1991
JV_
JV_
_Ock
Dec.
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
1.4
1.6
1.8
1.9
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.3
3.0
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.0
4.8
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.7
6.2
6.5
6.5
6.6
6.6
6.5
6.8
U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
Including the resident Armed Forces
5.9
6.4
6.7
6.7
6.9
6.8
6.8
7.0
U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
6.0
6.5
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.9
6.9
7.1
U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus
1/2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force
8.2
8.9
9.2
9.3
9.5
9.4
9.5
9.6
U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force
8.9
9.7
9.9
10.1
10.4
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
civilian labor force
U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force for persons 25 years and over
U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force
N A = not available.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1991.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Unemployment rates1
Sex and age
Dec.
1990
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
7,668
2,479
8,602
8,891
2,797
1,204
520
688
1,275
5,153
4,672
500
1,271
552
716
1,526
5,771
5,202
608
2,942
1,305
608
702
4,346
1,394
674
4,845
695
4,990
1,595
700
296
375
720
285
408
837
291
405
895
2,932
3.292
2,975
355
3.379
3t025
3,757
1,265
576
267
308
3.901
1,347
2,627
315
3,322
1,085
530
224
313
555
2,221
2,045
185.
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Dec.
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
6.8
6.9
7.1
14.3
19.3
227
11.1
11.9
5.5
5.6
4.1
3.9
13.8
18.9
21.6
17.1
11.3
5.5
5.8
3.8
6.9
13.6
187
20.9
17.2
5.5
5.7
13.4
18.2
20.8
17.1
11.1
5.5
5.8
5.8
4.0
5.9
4.2
6.3
12.5
7.2
14.3
19.7
7.1
14.4
19.2
217
17.5
12.0
57
6.1
4.1
7.1
177
20.2
16.1
9.8
5.1
5.4
3.6
7.2
14.6
19.6
21.6
18.5
12.1
5.8
6.1
4.3
14.3
19.8
21.3
18.8
11.6
57
6.1
4.1
7.3
14.8
20.3
217
19.2
12.3
6.2
12.1
6.6
13.2
18.5
6.6
6.8
16.6
12.9
17.4
19.8
15.4
21.4
16.6
9.9
10.4
5.2
5.4
3.3
13.8
18.4
23.9
15.0
11.4
6.1
11.8
16.8
19.0
15.5
6.8
13.5
19.0
21.7
17.1
10.8
9.2
4.9
5.3
3.2
626
371
605
317
297
742
2.540
689
2,479
2,227
253
1
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
Nov.
1991
Aug.
1991
1.637
5,919
5,319
1,532
2,294
257
Sept.
1991
Oct.
1991
Dec.
1990
5.9
11.0
15.6
17.5
14.8
8.5
4.8
5.1
2.8
22.6
17.8
11.8
5.8
6.0
47
6.4
12.5
18.2
207
16.2
97
5.2
5.4
3.4
5.1
5.4
3.4
20.6
15.5
10.6
5.3
5.5
3.9
17.2
5.9
6.2
4.3
5.4
5.6
3.9
December 1991.
Table A-9. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
{Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Veteran status
and age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Unemployed
Employed
Total
Number
Dec.
1990
Dec.
1991,,,
Dec.
1990
7,709
6,501
1,295
3,229
1,977
1/208
7,823
6,390
1,053
2,918
2,419
1,433
6,964
6.107
1,205
3,054
1.848
877
7,013
5,927
961
2.693
2,273
1,086
6,588
5746
1,106
2,893
1,747
842
6,652
5,620
888
2,553
2,178
1,033
396
361
99
160
101
35
360
17,765
8,149
5,400
4,217
18.896
8,596
5,964
4,336
16,678
7755
5,031
3,892
17,625
8.113
5,543
3,969
15,907
7,389
4,839
3,679
16.659
7,638
5,254
3,767
771
366
192
213
Dec.
J991
Dec.
..1999
Dec.
1991
Dec.
1990
Dec.
Percent of
labor force
Dec.
Dec.
1990
1991
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over
95
53
5.7
5.9
8.2
5.3
5.5
4.0
5.1
5.2
7.6
5.2
4.2
4.9
967
475
289
203
4.6
47
3.8
5.5
5.5
5.9
5.2
5.1
308
73
140
NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 35 to 49 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status
Seasonally adjusted2
Dec.
1990
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
22,166
14,580
13.622
958
6.6
22,614
14,998
13,908
1,090
7.3
22,656
15,010
13,903
1,107
7.4
22,166
14,675
13,672
1.003
6.8
22,486
14,885
13.796
1.089
7.3
22,528
15,006
13.853
1,153
7.7
22,571
14,986
13,820
1,166
7.8
22,614
14,968
13,865
1.103
7.4
22,656
15.113
13,950
1,163
7.7
10.230
6,369
6,037
352
5.5
10.445
6,505
6,046
459
7.1
10,465
6,404
5.938
466
7.3
10,230
6,434
6,078
356
5.5
10,384
6,480
5,956
524
8.1
10.404
6.474
5,958
516
8.0
10,424
6,455
5,988
467
7.2
10,445
6,495
6,034
461
7.1
10,465
6,424
5,947
477
7.4
8,894
6,028
5,672
356
5.9
8,935
5,969
5,468
501
8.4
8,939
6.018
5,465
553
9.2
8,894
6,069
5,707
6.0
8,922
6,035
5,598
437
7.2
8,926
5,995
5,569
426
7.1
8,931
5,955
5,494
461
7.7
8,935
5,954
5,449
505
8.5
8,939
6,056
5,491
565
9.3
4,622
3,115
2,897
218
7.0
4,626
3,132
2,882
250
8.0
4,627
3,146
2,897
249
7.9
4,622
3,152
2.921
231
7.3
4,624
3,047
2,768
279
9.2
4,624
3,141
2,853
288
9.2
4,625
3,155
2,875
280
8.9
4,626
3,164
2,894
270
8.5
4,627
3,174
2,906
263
8.4
7,009
4,565
4,237
327
7.2
7,025
4,564
4,153
411
9.0
7,027
4.575
4,185
390
8.5
7.009
4.547
4,214
333
7.3
7,019
4,428
4,026
402
9.1
7.020
4,502
4,065
437
97
7,023
4,510
4,112
398
8.8
7,025
4,545
4,106
439
9.7
7,027
4,564
4,149
415
9.1
6.028
4.034
3,807
227
5.6
6,026
3,966
3,698
268
6.8
6,026
3.993
3,711
282
7.1
6.028
4,050
3.818
232
5.7
6,025
4,033
3,764
269
6.7
6,025
4,047
3,795
252
6.2
6,026
4,052
3,778
274
6.8
6,026
3,973
3,689
284
7.1
6,026
3,989
3,695
294
7.4
13,803
8.564
8,098
466
5.4
13,805
8,536
7,875
661
13,806
8,438
7,780
658
7.8
13,803
8,558
8,088
470
5.5
13.801
8,536
7,894
642
7.5
13,802
8,601
8.016
585
6.8
13,803
8,561
7,943
618
7.2
13,805
8,547
7,863
684
8.0
13,806
8,453
7,769
684
8.1
5,028
3.396
3,222
174
5.1
5,086
3,470
3,274
196
5.7
5,092
3,414
3,225
189
5.5
5,028
3,420
3,242
178
5.2
5,069
3.476
3,272
204
5.9
5.075
3,545
3,336
209
5.9
5,080
3,491
3.305
186
5.3
5,086
3.467
3,275
192
5.5
5,092
3.434
3,239
195
5.7
8,298
5,484
5,169
315
8.323
5,457
5,167
290
5.3
8,325
5,438
5.086
353
6.5
8,298
5,488
5,179
309
5.6
8,314
5,373
5,008
365
6.8
8.316
5.443
5,095
348
6.4
8,320
5.396
5,101
295
5.5
8,323
5,435
5,128
307
5.6
8,325
5,446
5,088
358
6.6
Oct
California
Civilian noninstitutiona! population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
362
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
7.7
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
5.7
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 targe states—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted3
Notse.asonally adjusted1
State and employment status
Dec.
1990
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
9,402
5,691
5,567
324
5.5
9,425
5,975
5,589
386
6.5
9,428
5,930
5,531
399
6.7
9,402
5,922
5,585
337
5.7
9.416
5,908
5,475
433
7.3
12,447
8.521
7,965
557
6.5
12,594
8,559
7,980
580
6.6
12,608
8,562
7,987
575
6.7
12,447
8,540
7,945
595
7.0
12,551
8,467
7,920
547
6.5
Sept
1991
Oct.
1991
Nov.
1991
Dec.
1991
9,419
5,921
5,520
401
6.6
9,422
5,994
5,606
388
6.5
9,425
5,966
5,576
390
6.5
9,428
5,948
5,526
422
7.1
12,565
8,515
7,956
559
6.6
12,580
8,553
7,881
672
7.9
12,594
8,517
7,956
561
6.6
12.608
8.596
7,983
613
7.1
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstrtutionaJ population .
Civilian labor force
Employed .„...
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutionat population ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics* estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
* The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Revised seasonal adjustment factors are not yet available for
State data. The seasonally adjusted series will be revised for the release of
January data on February 7.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)
Not seasonally
adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Reason, sex, and race
1990
1991
1991
JV_
JV_
63,872
65,091
63,783
64,093
64,047
64,712
64,949
58,463
8,232
5,039
23,438
18,367
3,388
59,273
8,277
5,086
22,747
19,369
3.794
58,254
6,740
5,086
23,639
18,571
4,218
58.321
6,665
4,956
23,181
19,034
4,484
58,679
6,829
4,869
23,388
19,130
4,463
58,833
6,914
5,031
23,188
19,385
4,315
59,157
6,814
5,128
22,942
19,575
4,698
5,409
1,385
949
1,093
954
603
351
1,028
5,819
1,382
1,009
1,268
1,102
741
361
1,060
5,515
1,400
948
1,127
956
598
358
1,084
5,665
1,431
997
1,194
982
647
335
1,061
5,551
1,381
903
1,165
952
698
254
1,150
5,797
1,485
1,008
1,172
1,064
699
366
1,068
5,932
1,412
1,010
1,300
1,094
732
362
1,117
Total not in labor force ...
21,814
22.764
21,548
21,916
21,928
22,205
22,480
Do not want a job now .
19,927
20,645
19,547
19,705
19,990
20,092
20,334
1,887
625
459
378
425
2,119
712
511
424
472
1,949
651
458
391
449
2,101
739
527
407
428
2,030
654
441
425
511
2,155
711
507
470
466
2,204
755
511
438
500
42,058
42,327
42,235
42,177
42.120
42,507
42,469
36,536
38,628
38,707
38,616
38,689
38,741
38,823
3,522
760
490
1,093
576
603
3,699
670
497
1,267
678
587
3,566
749
490
1,127
565
635
3,564
692
470
1,194
575
633
3,521
727
462
1,165
527
640
3,642
774
500
1,172
594
602
3,728
657
499
1,300
656
617
Total not in labor force ...
53,722
54,488
53,622
53,750
53,723
54,248
54,321
Do not want a job now.
49,918
50,312
49,650
49,590
49,964
50,078
50,041
3,783
839
720
794
642
787
4,186
935
762
881
781
828
3,901
892
737
819
618
4,129
1,019
714
899
648
849
3,826
928
627
829
621
821
4,279
1,080
782
870
736
811
4.301
991
775
912
748
875
7,889
8,214
7,898
7.983
8,005
8.078
Do not want a job now .
6,464
6,852
6,453
6,668
6,590
6,799
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1
1,425
464
194
287
261
219
1,362
358
225
333
259
187
1,397
425
188
284
274
225
1,294
324
236
276
271
188
1,459
378
240
281
318
241
1,341
394
211
245
270
222
1990
JVL
TOTAL
Total not in labor f6rce
Do not want a job now
Current activity: Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1
Men
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1
Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now...
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities ...
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons
White
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities ...
Think cannot get a j o b .
Other reasons1
Black
Total not in labor force
1
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home
responsibilities."
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1991.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec.
1990
Total.
Oct.
1991
Nov.
1991p/
Dec.
199l£/
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept.
1991
Oct.
1991
Nov.
1991 E /
Dec.
1991p/
110,409 109,796 109,784 109,658 109,621 108,971 109,066 109,073 108,808 108,839
91,756
91,084
90,918
90*,829
91,268
90,557
90,642
90,606
90,343
90,308
Goods-producing industries.
24,336
24,070
23,801
23,542
24,375
23,826
23,797
23,727
23,595
23,572
Mining
Oil and gas extraction.
716
402.2
679
671
687
384.1
380.11
377.8
4,707
4,536
4,886
1,190.3 1,159.2 1,138.2
18,497 18,415 18,335
12,554 12,476 12.409
10,543 10,500 10,453
6,945
6,911
6,983
698.1 692.4
704.7
484.8
481.0
485.4
522.9
512.2
529.9
708.8
710.6
714.2
255.6
256.8
256.3
1,365.2 1,360.2 1,354.5
1,964.2 1,953.0 1,952.5
1,581.1 1,580.0 1,576.4
1,860.6 1,856.8 1,848.4
800.0
799.5
797.0
961.2
962.7
959.1
372.6
374.9
367.8
7,915
7,954
7,882
5,571
5,498
5,531
1,660.3
1,720.2 1,684
48
50.9
50.5
674.9
676
675.6
1,045.1
1,048.4 1,052
691.4
691.8
691
1,533.7
1,526.1 1,528
1,090.8
1,089.5 1,087
155.5
160.8
158
860.7
869.7
866
118.3
120.9
121
715
399
693
390
684
385
679
382
674
377
670
375
4,911
1,237
4,691
1,165
4,699
1,161
4,671
1,151
4,583
1,138
4,596
1,142
18,749
12,672
18,442
12,488
18,414
12,456
18,377
12,435
18,338
12,403
18,306
12,391
10,828
7,148
10,553
6,983
10,531
6,954
10,493
6,933
10,459
6,910
10,425
6,893
714
493
539
742
273
1,395
2,054
1,628
1,902
770
989
372
700
483
523
722
260
1,361
1,980
1,585
1,868
797
966
365
696
482
522
719
260
1,358
1,980
1,581
1,861
795
967
365
698
481
523
713
258
697
480
517
710
256
1,356
1,968
1,573
1,850
1,351
1,955
1,572
1,851
789
964
367
798
960
366
699
477
516
707
256
1,346
1,947
1,572
1,837
791
955
369
7,921
5,524
7,889
5,505
7,883
5,502
7,884
5,502
7,879
5,493
7,881
5,498
1,672
49
671
1,017
695
1,565
1,095
159
873
125
1,685
50
670
1,031
692
1,531
1,088
160
861
121
1,676|
491
670|
1,034
692
1,530
1,090
159
862
121
1,672
1,671
48
672
47
673
1,039
1,043
85,246
85,145
5,867
3,595
2,272
6,166
3,596
2,570
19,579
2,444
3,242
2,067
6,601
5,820
3,564
2,256
6,050
3,500
2,550
19,343
2,349
3,227
2,038
6,563
Total private
Construction
General building contractors.
4,842
1,233.0
Manufacturing
Production workers.
18,778
12,694
Durable goods
Production workers
10,858
7,171
Lumber and.wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers.
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing..
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communications and public utilities...
Wholesale trade....
Durable goods....
Nondurable goods.
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations...
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services
Health services
Government.
Federal..
State
Local
= preliminary.
707.1
497.1
535.9
743.5
273.8
1,402.3
2,059.4
1,633.5
1,916.9
778.9
992.2
369.6
7,920
5,523
1,661.
52.8
I 670.9
|l,017.4
I 695.8
1,573.0
(1,093.4
I 156.7
874.2
124.2
85,983
5,867
3,616
2,251
6,048
3,484
2,564
19,522
2,451.5
3,252.7
2,036.7
6,512.2
6,671
3,272
2,116
1,283
29,009
5,387.1
8,390.0
86,116
5,851
3,610
2,241
6,023
3,474
2,549
19,775
2,541.5
3,277.6
2,027.0
6,521.7
6,678
3,282
2,115
1,281
28,960
5,360.4
8,434.2
6,733
3,296
2,128
1,309
6,687
3,276
2,123
1,288
28,435
5,291.4
8,025.7
85,726
5,878
3,621
2,257
6,065
3,490
2,575
19,288
2,337.1
3,229.4
2,046.1
6,538.7
6,677
3,269
2,116
1,292
29,106
5,444.1
8,356.4
28,548
5,275
8,032
28,831
5,321
8,289
18,653
2,940
4,430
11,283
18,712
2,968
4,436
11,308
18,866
2,964
4,466
11,436
18,829
2,971
4,435
11,423
18,353
2,948
4,347
11,058
18,414
2,967
4,337
11,110
86,073
5,917
3,649
2,268
6,172
3,600
2,572
20,182
2,720.5
3,312.3
2,055.3
6,565.0
6,714
3,296
2,125
1,293
|
691
691
1,528
1,092
1,523
1,090
159
864
119
158
863
120
1,670
48
676
1,044
691
1,525
1,092
157
859
119
85,269
85,346
85,213
85,267
5,829
3,569
2,260
5,828
3,571
2,257
5,819
3,566
2,253
6,049
3,495
2,554
6,047
3,490
2,557
6,032
3,481
2,551
19,338
2,342
3,226
2,035
6,569
19,288
2,321
3,220
2,038
6,558
19,196
2,287
3,211
2,037
6,552
5,796
3,553
2,243
6,017
3,471
2,546
19,180
2,283
3,207
2,037
6,554
6,692
3,283
2,122
1,287
28,937
5,336
8,321
18,424
2,979
4,328
6,697
3,282
2,122
1,293
6,692
3,275
2,122
1,295
6,696
3,282
2,117
1,297
29,019
5,374
8,365
29,009
5,339
8,398
29,047
5,339
8,443
18,467
2,983
4,332
11,152
18,465
2,979
4,340
11,146
18,531
2,980
4,352
11,199
11,117
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec.
1990
Oct.
1991
Nov.
Dec.
1991fi/
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept.
1991
Oct.
1991
Nov.
199l£/
Dec.
1991E/
34.7
34.4
34.3
34.7
34.6
34.3
34.5
34.3
34.4
34.5
Minino
45.5
44.4
44.6
44.5
44.8
44.5
44.1
43.9
44.3
43.7
Construction.
38.3
39.1
37.6
37.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Manufacturing
Overtime hours.
Durable goods
Overtime hours.
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products....
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products.
Industrial machinerv and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
41.3
3.8
41.1
3.9
41.3
4.0
41.7
4.1
40.7
3.5
41.0
3.8
41.0
3.7
40.9
3.7
41.0
3.7
41.1
3.8
41.9
3.9
41.
41.6
3.9
42.3
4.1
41.2
3.6
41.4
3.8
41.5
3.7
41.4
3.7
41.4
3.7
41.5
3.8
40.2
39.8
41.8
42.9
43.7
41.9
43.0
41.7
42.3
42.0
42.0
39.9
40.
39.
42.
42.
43.
41.
41.
40.
42.
43.
40.
40.
40.4
39.1
41.9
42.8
43.4
41.8
42.0
41.5
42.3
42
41
40.4
41.2
40.7
41.9
43.1
43.5
42.6
42.9
42.2
42.5
42
42
40.6
40.0
38.8
42.0
42.3
43.2
41
42.
40.
41,
41
41.
39.3
40.2
39.1
41.6
43.0
43.9
41.6
42.0
40.8
42.4
43.3
41.0
40.1
40.5
39.1
42.0
42.8
43.7
41.7
42.1
40.7
42.3
43.0
41.3
40.2
40.0
39.1
41.9
42.7
43.5
41.6
41.8
40.6
42.5 j
43.1 |
40.9
39.8
40.6
38.8
41.5
42.5
43.1
41.4
41.8
41.1
42.3
42.4
41.3
39.7
40.9
39.6
42.0
42.5
43.0
41.8
41.9
41.2
41.9
42.3
41.6
40.0
40.5
3.7
40.
4.
40.8
4.0
41.1
4.0
40.0
3.6
40.4
3.8
40.3
3.7
40.4
3.8
40.5
3.8
40.6
3.9
41.5
39.9
39.7
36.9
44.2
38.4
43.5
43.9
41.5
37.7
40.9
40.2
41.6
37.6
43.6
37.9
43.1
44.1
41.6
37.2
41.2
38.5
41.7
37.6
43.9
38.4
43.8
44.4
41.7
37.7
41.2
40.2
41.8
37.8
44.5
38.8
44.4
43.9
42.0
37.5
40.9
(2)
39.4
36.6
43.5
37.8
42.9
(2)
41.0
37.3
40.5
(2)
41.4
37.3
43.5
37.8
43.2
(2)
41.4
37.3
40.6
(2)
41.3
37.3
43.4
37.6
43.2
(2)
41.2
37.7
40.6
(2)
41.3
37.4
43.4
37.8
43.2
(2)
41.4
37.1
40.8
C2)
41.4
37.3
43.5
38.1
43.5
(2)
41.5
38.1
40.6
(2)
41.6
37.5
43.7
38.2
43.7
(2)
41.5
37.1
Total private.
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied' products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities.
39.1
38.6
38.6
38.9
39.0
38.7
38.9
38.4
Wholesale trade
38.4
38.2
38.1
38.5
38.3
38.2
38.2
38.1
Retail trade
29.2
28.4
28.5
29.0
28.7
28.6
28.8
28.4
Finance, insurance* and real estate.
36.2
35.5
35.7
36.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Services.
32.7
32.4
32.4
32.7
32.8
32.4
32.6
1/ Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonfarm payrolls.
38.6
38.1
28.8
(2)
32.4 | 32.5
38.8
38.3
28.5
(2)
32.7
2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative
to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
P = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Total private
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
1990
Oct.
1991
Nov
1991fi/
Dec
1991£/
$10 .19
10 .17
$10 .44
10 .40
$10 .46
10 .43
$10 .51
10 .50
Dec.
1990
Oct.
1991
Nov.
1991p/
Dec.
$353.59 $359.14 $358.78 $364.70
351.88 356.72 358.79 362.25
Mining
13 .88
14 .14
14 .30
14 .52
631.54
627.82
637.78
646.14
Construction
13 .92
14 .13
13 .97
14 .07
533.14
552.48
525.27
533.25
Manufacturing
11 .05
11 .25
11 .30
11 .38
456.37
462.38
466.69
474.55
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
11 .59
9 .11
8 .69
11 .24
13 .13
14 . 94
11 .05
12 .12
10 .55
14 .42
14 .88
11 .61
8 .80
11 .87
9 .35
8 .85
11 .41
13 .48
15 .57
11 .30
12 .26
10 .78
15 07
15 58
11 76
8
11 .90
9 .36
8 .85
11 .45
13 .48
15 .54
11 .36
12 .29
10 .87
15 .08
15 50
11 .78
8 .93
11 .95
9 .40
8 .93
11 .48
13 .45
15 .42
11 42
12 36
10 95
15 14
15 56
11 85
9 04
485.62
366.22
345.86
469.83
563.28
652.88
463.00
521.16
439.94
609.97
624.96
487.62
351.12
493.79
377.74
349.58
484.93
575.60
674.18
472.34
512.47
439.82
645.00
682.40
480.98
357.06
495.04
378.14
346.04
479.76
576.94
674.44
474.85
516.18
451.11
637.88
661.85
491.23
360.77
505.49
387.28
363.45
481.01
579.70
670.77
486.49
530.24
462.09
643.45
664.41
503.63
367.02
Nondurable goods.
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products.
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
10 .33
9 .80
15 95
8 16
6 65
12 54
11 44
13 77
16 51
9 96
7 07
13 14
10 47
9 85
16 06
8 40
6 81
12 80
11. 62
14. 25
17. 14
10. 13
7. 18
13. 24
10
10
16
8
6
12
11
14
17
10
7
54
01
96
45
81
87
61
31
36
18
25
10 64
10 13
16 10
8 49
6.84
12 95
11. 72
14. 37
17. 54
10. 27
7. 36
418.37
406.70
636.41
323.95
245.39
554.27
439.30
599.00
724.79
413.34
266.54
425.08
402.87
645.61
349.44
256.06
558.08
440.40
614.18
755.87
421.41
267.10
430.03
412.41
652.96
352.37
256.06
564.99
445.82
626.78
770.78
424.51
273.33
437.30
417.36
647.22
354.88
258.55
576.28
454.74
638.03
770.01
431.34
276.00
13. 30
13. 34
513.77
511.06
513.38
518.93
11. 04
11. 19
11. 25
11. 37
423.94
427.46
428.63
437.75
6.84
7. 07
7. 11
7. 11
199.73
200.79
202.64
206.19
Finance^ insurance, and real estate
10. 24
10. 49
10. 55
10. 69
370.69
372.40
376.64
388.05
Services
10. 11
10. 33
10. 40
10. 51
330.60
334.69
336.96
343.68
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
,
,
Retail trade
p = preliminary.
See footnote 1, table B-2.
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry* seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec.
1990
Total privatei
$10.17
Current dollars
7.44
Constant (1982) dollars^/
13.89
Mining
13.87
Construction
10.99
Manufacturing
10.54
Excluding overtime**/
13.11
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
I 11.00
6.84
Retail trade
10.22
Finance, insurance, and real estate
10.03
Services
1/ See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is
used to deflate this series.
3/ Change was -.3 percent from October
1991 to November 1991, the latest month
Aug.
1991
Sept.
1991
Oct.
1991
$10.40
7.49
14.27
14.07
11.25
10.76
13.30
11.22
7.04
10.47
10.30
$10.41
7.47
14.34
14.04
11.25
10.76
13.27
11.23
7.05
10.55
10.32
$10.40
7.46
14.24
14.02
11.26
10.77
13.20
11.21
7.06
10.49
10.29
Nov.
199l£/
$10,
A:
15,
11.
10,
13.
11.
7,
10,
10,
Dec.
I99l£/
$10.50
N.A.
14.53
14.03
11.32
10.82
13.31
11.32
7.12
10.67
10.43
Percent
change
from>
Nov. 1991Dec. 1991
0.7
(3)
1.0
.5
.2
.2
.2
.6
.4
1.0
.7
available.
4/
Derived by assuming that overtime
hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf.
N.A. = not available.
£/
= preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers.!/ on private nonfartn payrolls
by industry
(1982=100)
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec.
1990
Oct.
1991
Nov.
1991 E /
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
199l£/
Dec.
1990
Aug.
1991
121.5 122.3
104.4 104.4
62.2 60.9
Total private
124.7
122.6
122.1
123.3
123.3
Goods-producing industries
107.6
106.9
104.8
104.4
106.7
66.7
61.7
61.2
59.8
65.3
Construction
129.2
134.2
123.2
118.4
132.6
Manufacturing
105.7
104.1
103.8
104.4
103.9
123!o
122.0
104
91
82.2
107.4
97
106
115.5
119.4
88.1
100.6
123.8
118.9
105.6
87
75.7
104
89
101
115
130
82
103.3
100.2
122.4
117.4
102.6
86.9
75.2
103.7
89.4
102.7
113.6
126.8
83.7
102.9
108.0 109.0
111.8 116.0
76.4
79.0
94.6 100.2
92.0 96.9
112.4 110.9
129.0 123.0
105.6 102.0
87.4
84.4
126.5 126.4
56.2
58.6
108.9
113.5
69.7
100.4
97.5
111.6
124.7
103.0
86.4
126.3
56.8
101.2 102.0 100.3
123.5 123.5 122.1
121.3 117
116.5
100.1 106
101
90
87
88.8
81
75.6
78.0
104
105
102.9
95
91.3
91.5
103
101.5
104.3
112.5 114.7
113.3
115.8 128.6
126.6
85.4 82.6
85.4
99.4 99.2
101.3
108.9
106
107
111
111
111.3
75.8
70
74
100.4
94
98
97.0
91
94
113.0
110
110
127.0
126
122.9
105.0
104.2 102.9
83.1
85.6 86.4
126
124.8 124.1
55.3
58.3 56.1
131.8
130.7 129.2
115.8
116.1 114.5
113.8
115.8 113.4
124.6
122.3 120.1
121.0
121.6 119.0
149.9
148.1 147.8
Mining
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
*
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.......
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chei.icals and allied products
,
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
RetaiX trade
Finance* insurance, and real estate
Services
1/
See footnote 1, table B-2.
99.8
132.4
117.6
116.4
129.6
115.6
* 8
129.8
115.3
113.3
128.8
119.0
120.7
121.2
118.1
118.5
147.Oi 149.3
148.8
Sept. Oct.
1991 1991
Nov.
1991fi/
121.3
121.4
121.7
104.0
103.0
103.6
60.2
60.0
58.7
124.4
118.9
121.6
102.6
102.5
102.7
99.4
121.3
116.5
102.4
99,
123,
115.0
100
86
74,
101
89
99.2
124.0
117.0
101.1
86.0
74.9
102.4
89.0
101.7
111.0
124.4
83.0
100.5
123.3 124.9
103.2 102.9
P = preliminary.
100.0
122.4
116.5
102.6
87.9
77.7
103.1
91.3
100.6
113.5
126.6
82.6
99.5
107.0
111.3
71.1
98.5
94.7
110.2
122.6
102.4
86.3
123.7
56.8
130.3
115.3
113.6
120.9
120.4
149.2
87
76.5
102.6
90.0
100.0
113.4
125.9
81.5
99.3
107.1
110.8
69.0
99.0
95.4
110.0
123.1
102.5
84.9
124
55.3
129.0
113.8
113.1
118.7
118.0
148.8
lor
113,
125,
82.
99.0
107,
111.
65,
99.1
95
110.3
123.2
102.7
85.5
125.0
56.8
129.7
114.3
112.9
119.9
119.5
149.2
Dec
107.6
110.6
69.5
100.1
96.1
111.0
123.8
103.5
84.1
124.
55.3
129.9
114.2
113.2
118.4
121.2
150.2
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
Feb.
Mar. I Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
I Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
52.1
42.0
fi/47.2
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries!/
1
Over 1-month spam
1989
1990
1991
64.5
58.1
38.5
59.0
58.1
36.9
58.7
52.2
38.6
53.9
48.7
38.5
52.7
52.8
51.1
53.8
48.3
45.8
52.9
46.6
51.3
54.6
47.8
54.8
49.2
45.1
50.0
56.6
41.4
48.3
59.6
40.3
P/44.5
Over 3-month spam
1989
1990
1991
67.6
58.8
31.6
65.2
59.0
30.8
61.1
54.4
30.3
56.2
50.7
38.3
54.5
48.7
39.5
53.9
49.4
48.9
54.9
45.6
51.7
52.5
43.7
52.9
55.9
40.0
50.1
56.0
37.4
£/42.8
55.8
35.8
£/41.7
59.1
35.1
Over 6-month span*
1989
1990
1991
67.7
56.6
26.7
65.0
55.2
31.2
63.3
55.2
29.5
59.0
51.8
34.3
56.5
47.6
41.2
53.4
44.9
45.8
54.5
42.7
49.9
55.9
38.6
E'46.2
53.8
37.2
E/48.0
58.1
34.8
57.9
30.9
59.1
28.8
Over 12-month spans
1989
1990
1991
65.3
54.6
30.2
65.2
54.5
30.6
62.2
51.4
30.3
61.5
48.3
32.7
61.5
46.6
E'33.0
59.6
43.5
E/32.4
56.7
35.8
55.8
34.1
56.0
30.6
55.5
32.0
55.6
30.2
fi/46.4
57.6
40.3 j
Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries!/
Over 1-month spam
1989
1990
1991
47.5
47.8
38.5
47.1
41.7
46.8
44.2
39.6
46.0
44.2
43.2
53.2
45.7
40.3
53.2
38.8
38.8
43.5
48.2
34.5
45.3
48.6
27.3
fi/41.0
Over 3-month spam
1989
1990
1991
43.5
38.1
30.2
42.8
38.1
36.3
42.1
37.4
48.9
40.3
35.6
57.2
36.3
31.3
55.0
39.9
27.0
46.0
41.0
23.0
p/37.4
41.0
21.6
fi/38.8
41.7
18.3
Over 6-month spam
1989
1990
1991
45.0
40.3
23.4
41.7
32.4
38.5
38.1
30.6
43.5
38.1
24.1
49.6
38.1
20.5
fi/45.0
35.6
21.2
E'47.8
38.8
17.3
39.6
16.2
39.6
11.9
Over 12-month spam
1989
1990
1991
46.4
44.6
29.5
25.2
18.0 fi/21.6
41.7
20.9
fi/21.9
38.1
19.8
35.3
14.0
34.9
12.9
36.3
10.1
32.4
11.2
32.7
10.4
1 / Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1 - , 3 - ,
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month
span. Data a r e centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTEi Figures are the percent of industries with
45.3
33.8
employment increasing plus one-half of the industries
with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment.
* U.S. Government Printing Office : 1992 - 313-146/60038
@FedFRASER