Full text of The Employment Situation : December 1989

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ews

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Technical j n f o m a t i o n (2(C) 523-1 ~;71
52 W944
Media contact.:

523-1913

United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
I SDL 9(MJ(>
transmission; of materlal in t h i s
RFLKASfc IS EMBARcXJED L'NTJ L
8:JO A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
JANUARY 5, 1990

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

DECEMBER 1989

Employment showed little growth in December and unemployment was
unchanged, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today. Both the overall jobless rate and the civilian worker rate
renvained at 5.3 percent.
Employment, as measured by the survey of business establishments,
edged up by 140,000 in December to 109.5 million; about 55,000 of the
increase represented a return to work of persons who had been on strike.
Total civilian employment, as measured by the survey of households, was
about unchanged over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons, at 6.7 million, and the unemployment
rate, 5.3 percent, were unchanged in December, after seasonal adjustment.
Both showed very little month-to-month movement during all of 1989,
particularly in the second half of the year. (See table A-2.)
Jobless.rates for individual worker g r o u p s — a d u l t men (4.6 percent),
adult women (4.8 percent), teenagers (15.2 percent), whites (4.6 percent),
blacks (11.8 percent), and Hispanics (8.5 percent)—also showed little or
no change, both over the month and the year. (See tables A-2 and A-1.)
Civilian Employment, and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total civilian employment was about unchanged in December at 117.9
million, seasonally adjusted. The employment-population ratio held at. 03.0
percent, close to the record high set last June. Ffciplovnent. m s e by 1.7
million during 1^89, conf\ired with 2.3 million m the prior vear. (See
table A-2.)
This release incorporates annual revisions in seasonally:
adjusted unemployment and other labor force series from the
household survey, [nfomation on the revisions appears on
page 5 .




Table A . Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Quarterly
averages
Category

;

Monthly data

1989 i
III

i

IV
-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Labor force 1/
I
Total employment 1/.!
Civilian labor force..!
Civilian employment.;
Unemployment
i
Not in labor force
1
Discouraged workers.!

125,720:
119,153:
124,035!
117,468:
6,567!
62,567;
8171

;
.

• Nov.:Dec.
: change

1989

; Oct.

; Nov.

I

Dec.

Thousands of persons

126,0981
119,474:
124,3941
117,770:
6,624!
62,624;
-* 827;

125,8571
119,294:
124,148!
117,585!
6,563:
62,723)
N.A. I

126,192:
119,540!
124,488;
117,836;
6,6521
62,529!
N.A.!

126,246;
54
119,588;
48
124,546;
58
117,888;
52
6,658:
6
62,619;
90
N.A. : N.A.

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
;
All workers 1/
I
All civilian workers!
Adult men.
!
Adult women.......!
Teenagers
;
White
!
Black
;
Hispanic origin... I
ESTABLISHMENT DATA

;
5.21
5.3;
4.6;
4.7!
15.0!
4.5;
u.3:
8.6!

!

;
5.3:
5.3;
4.61
4.8;
15.2!
4.5;
11.8:
8.1!

1
5.2i
5.3!
4.5!
4.8!
14.91
4.5!
11.7:
8.0;

;
5.3;
5.3;
4.61
4.8!
15.3:
4.5;
11.9:
8.0'.

!
5.3;
.0
5.31
.0
4.6'
.0
4.8!
.015,2! -0.1
4.6;
.1
11.8: -.1
8.51
.5

Thousands of jobs

Nonfarm employment
; 108,917 ,pl09,366; 109,171 ipl09,3931 pl09,535 pl42
Goods-producing
I 25,659: p25,584! 25,603; p25,607: p25,543: p-64
Service-producing...!
83,258i p83,782! 83,568: p83,786: p83,992: p206
Hours of work
Average weekly hours: :
Total private
:
Manufacturing
:
Overtime

34.7;
41.0:
3.8

p34.6
p40.7!
p3.7;

34.7;
40.8!
3.7;

1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
NOTE: Household data have been revised
based on the experience through December 1989.




p34.6:
p40.7!
p3.7:

p34.5!p-0.1
p40.7! p.O
p3.7
p.O

p-preliminarv
N.A. =not available

-

3

-

The civilian labor force (124,5 million* and the labor force
participation rate (66.5 percent) were essentially the same as in November.
During the course of 1989, the labor force expanded by L.9 million, with
the entire increase about equally divided between adult men and worren.
(See table A-2.)
Discouraged Workers (Household Survey Data)
At a seasonally adjusted level of 830,000 in the fourth quarter, the
number of discouraged workers—persons who report they want to work but are
not looking for jobs because thev believe they cannot find a n y — w a s about
the same as in the third quarter» Over the p&st year, the number of
discouraged workers has declined by more than 100,000. About two-thirds of
the total cited job-market conditions as their reasons for not seeking
work, while the remainder cited personal factors (such as age or lack of
education). Blacks and women make up a disproportionately large share of
all discouraged workers. (See table A-14.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonagricultural employment edged u p by 140,000 in December,
after seasonal adjustment, to a level of 109.5 million. Strike settlements
accounted for about 55,000 of this increase. The December gain was
confined to the service-producing sector; employment in goods-producing
industries fell because of a weather-related decline in construction jobs
and a continued slide in manufacturing. (See table B-l.)
In the service-producing sector, the services industry led the overthe-month job gains with an increase of 85,000. Within services, the
rapidly expanding health services industry accounted for more than half of
the overall gain and has added 525,000 jobs over the past year. The return
of nearly 55,000 communications workers from a strike and continued growth
in transportation employment were largely responsible for December's 75,000
increase in transportation and public utilities jobs. Employment in
wholesale trade and finance, insurance, and real estate also increased over
the month. Retail trade employment was little changed, as less than usual
seasonal hiring in general merchandise stores and specialty retailers and
job losses at automotive dealers and service stations offset gains in food
stores and eating and drinking places.
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment declined by
40,000, after seasonal adjustment, as especially harsh weather in December
curtailed work activity. Manufacturing employment continued its downtrend,
falling by 25,000 to 19.5 million. Since March, factory jobs have declined
by 195,000. December's decrease was led by a drop of nearly 15,000 jobs in
electrical equipment. Following recent declines, auto industry employment
was unchanged, while small losses occurred in several other durable goods
industries. Within nondurable goods industries, offsetting movements left
the total little changed. Elsewhere in the goods sector, mining employment
was about unchanged over the month.




- 4 Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls declined by 0.1 hour in December to 34.5
hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the factory workweek and overtime were
unchanged at 40.7 and 3.7 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 128.6 (1977=100), declined
by 0.3 percent in December. The index for manufacturing also fell 0.3
percent, to 94.6. Reflecting the recent weakness in the industry; the
manufacturing index declined 1.6 percent during 1989. In contrast,
continued growth in service sector jobs resulted in an increase of 1.4
percent in total private aggregate hours. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers rose 0.6 percent in December on a seasonally adjusted basis*
Average weekly earnings were up by 0.3 percent. Prior to seasonal
adjustment, average hourly earnings increased by 4 cents to $9.85, and
average weekly earnings rose by $2.36 to $340.81. Over the year, average
hourly earnings increased by 4.1 percent and average weekly earnings by 3.2
percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.)

The Employment Situation for January 1990 will be released on Friday,
February 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).




-

5

-

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
At the end of each calendar vear f BLS routinely updates the seasonal
adjustment factors for labor force series derived from the Current
Population Survey (household survey) to incorporate the experience of that
year. As a result, seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years
are subject to revision. (Establishment data are also revised, later in
the year, concurrently with the introduction of annual benchmark
adjustments.)
Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall and
civilian worker unemployment rates in 1989. The 1989 annual averages, 5.2
percent for all workers and 5.3 percent for civilian workers, are, of
course, not affected by seasonal adjustment revisions. Table C presents
revised seasonally adjusted data for major civilian labor force series for
December 1988 through December 1989.
The January 1990 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain the new
seasonal adjustment factors that will be used to calculate the civilian labor force and other major series for January-June of 1990. The publication
will also contain a description of the current seasonal adjustment methodology and revised data for the most recent 13 months or calendar quarters
for all regularly published tables containing seasonally adjusted household
survey data. Revised monthly data for the 1985-89 revision period for 430
labor force series will be published in the February 1990 issue. Special
tabulations of historical seasonally adjusted data (monthly and quarterly)
may be purchased from the Bureau. (Contact Gloria P . Green on 202-5231959.)
Table B . Seasonally adjusted unsrployment rates in 1989 and change
due to revision
As first computed

As revised

Month
Overall

March

July...........

December
*

5.4
5.1
4.9
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.3
*5.3

Not published.




Civilian Overall

5.4
5.1
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.4
*5.4

5.3
5.1
5.0
5.2
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3

Change due
to revision

Civilian Overall

5.4
5.2
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

-0.1
0
.1
0
0
0
0
.1
.1
0
0
0

Civilian

0
0.1
0
0
0
0
.1
.1
0
0
-.1
-.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table C. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status,
sex, and age

1989

1988
Dec.

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

185,402 185,644 185,777 185,897 186,024 186,181 186,329 186,483 186,598 186,726 186,871 187,017 187,165
122,650 123,265 123,117 123,245 123,615 123,551 124,111 124,013 124,070 124,023 124,148 124,488 124,546
66.4
66.4
66.6
66.4
66.3
66.5
66.4
66.6
66.5
66.5
66.5
66.3
66.2
116,141 116,640 116,757 117,047 117,084 117,132 117,542 117,436 117,550 117,419 117,585 117,836 117,888
63.0
62.9
62.9
63.1
63.0
62.9
62.9
63.0
62.6
62.8
62.8
63.0
63.0
6,509 6,625 6,360 6,198 6,531 6,419 6,569 6,577 6,520 6,604 6,563 6,652 6,658
5.3
5.4
5.0
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

81,001
63,048
77.8
60,133
74.2
2,292
57,841
2,915
4.6
17,953

81,162
63,285
78.0
60,398
74.4
2,286
58,112
. 2,887
4.6
17,877

81,256
63,393
78.0
60,566
74.5
2,312
58,254
2,827
4.5
17,863

81,333
63,468
78.0
60,783
74.7
2,309
58,474
2,685
4.2
17,865

81,413
63,638
78.2
60,716
74.6
2,270
58,446
2,922
4.6
17,775

81,524
63,535
77.9
60,774
74.5
2,295
58,479
2,761
4.3
17,989

81,592
63,874
78.3
61,072
74.9
2,279
58,793
2,802
4.4
17,718

81,679
63,736
78.0
60,915
74.6
2,329
58,586
2,821
4.4
17,943

81,754
63,717
77.9
60,861
74.4
2,340
56,521
2,856
4.5
18,037

81,790
63,771
78.0
60,729
74.2
2,330
58,399
3,042
4.8
18,019

81,905
63,918
78.0
61,026
74.5
2,304
58,722
2,892
4.5
17,987

81,968
63,967
78.0
61,033
74.5
2,292
58,741
2,934
4.6
18,001

82,055
64,071
78.1
61,154
74.5
2,293
58,861
2,917
4.6
17,984

89,954
51,613
57.4
49,199
54.7
660
48,539
2,414
4.7
38,341

90,072
51,961
57.7
49,517
55.0
704
48,813
2,444
4.7
38,111

90,153
51,816
57.5
49,455
54.9
646
48,809
2,361
4.6
38,337

90,242
51,876
57.5
49,467
54.8
647
48,820
2,409
4.6
38,366

90,318
52,009
" 57.6
49,560
54.9
638
48,922
2,449
4.7
38,309

90,432
52,120
57.6
49,649
54.9
633
49,016
2,471
4.7
38,312

90,526
52,219
57.7
49,687
54.9
622
49,065
2,532
4.8
38,307

90,607
52,385
57.8
49,817
55.0
639
49,178
2,568
4.9
38,222

90,684
52,352
57.7
49,875
55.0
642
49,233
2,477
4.7
38,332

90,771
52,358
57.7
49,984
55.1
660
49,324
2,374
4.5
38,413

90,860
52,281
57.5
49,796
54.8
641
49,155
2,485
4.8
38,579

90,952
52,541
57.8
50,043
55.0
6?4
49,419
2,498
4.8
38,411

91,042
52,586
57.8
50,048
55.0
618
49,430
2,538
4.8
38,456

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
.
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1

14,447 14,410 14,367 14,323 14,293 14,224 14,211 14,196 14,160 14,166 14,107 14,097 14,067
7,989 8,019 7,908 7,901 7,968 7,896 8,018 7,892 8,001 7,894 7,949 7,980 7,889
55.3
55.6
55.0
55.2
55.7
55.5
56.4
55.6
56.5
55.7
56.3
56.6
56.1
6,809 6,725 6,736 6,797 6,808 6,709 6,783 6,704 6,814 6,706 6,763 6,760 6,686
47.1
46.7
47.5
46.9
47.2
47.7
47.6
47.2
48.1
47.3
47.9
47.5
48.0
240
278
238
229
209
249
236
237
293
229
252
244
286
6,569 6,447 6,498 6,568 6,572 6,500 6,546 6,455 6,521 6,477 6,511 6,516 6,400
1,180
1,294
1,172
1,104 1,160
1,187
1,188
1,235
1,187
1,188
1,186
1,203
1,220
14.8
16.1
14.8
14.0
15.0
15.4
14.6
15.1
14.8
15.0
14.9
15.2
15.3
6,458 6,391 6,459 6,422 6,325 6,328 6,193 6,304 6,159 6,272 6,156 6,117 6,178

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
2




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1989.

Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The'establishment survey provides the information on the
e m p l o y m e n t , h o u r s , and e a r n i n g s of w o r k e r s on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the surveyweek. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment
rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys, M which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BI S. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period"
and again for the July-December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for 6
months, along with the introduction of new benchmarks, which are
discussed at the end of the next section, and again with the release
of data for October. In both surveys, revisions to data published
over the previous 5 years are made once a year.

Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the " t r u e " level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $25.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

187,098
123,816
66.2
117,674
62.9
1,696
115,978
2,870
113,108
6,142
5.0
63,282

188,721
126,368
67.0
119,872
63.5
1,704
118,168
3,033
115,135
6,495
5.1
62,353

188,865
125,698
66.6
119,398
63.2
1,700
117,698
2,862
114,836
6,300
5.0
63,167

187,098
124,346
66.5
117,837
63.0
1,696
116,141
3,192
112,949
6,509
5.2
62,752

188,286
125,758
66.8
119,238
63.3
1,688
117,550
3,2/5
114,275
6,520
5.2
62,528

188,428
125,725
66.7
119,121
63.2
1,702
117,419
3,219
114,200
6,604
5.3
62,703

188,580
125,857
66.7
119,294
63.3
1,709
117,585
3,197
114,388
6,563
5.2
62,723

188,721
126,192
66.9
119,540
63.3
1,704
117,836
3,160
114,676
6,652
5.3
62,529

188,865
126,246
66.8
119,588
63.3
1,700
117,888
3,197
114,691
6,658
5.3
62,619

89,792
68,161
75.9
64,645
72.0
1,534
63,111
3,517
5.2

90,606
69,394
76.6
65,831
72.7
1,529
64,302
3,563
5.1

90,678
69,164
76.3
65,600
72.3
1,525
64,075
3,565
5.2

89,792
68,695
76.5
65,145
72.6
1,534
63,611
3,550
5.2

90,384
69,404
76.8
65,919
72.9
1,519
64,400
3,485
5.0

90,456
69,360
76.7
65,681
72.6
1,531
64,150
3,679
5.3

90,535
69,599
76.9
66,046
73.0
1,533
64,513
3,553
5.1

90,606
69,635
76.9
66,011
72.9
1,529
64,482
3,624
5.2

90,678
69,725
76.9
66,143
72.9
1,525
64,618
3,582
5.1

97,306
55,655
57.2
53,029
54.5
162
52,867
2,625
4.7

98,115
56,974
58.1
54,041
55.1
175
53,866
2,933
5.1

98,187
56,534
57.6
53,798
54.8
175
53,623
2,735
4.8

97,306
55,651
57.2
52,692
54.2
162
52,530
2,959
5.3

97,902
56,354
57.6
53,319
54.5
169
53,150
3,035
5.4

97,972
56,365
57.5
53,440
54.5
171
53,269
2,925
5.2

98,045
56,258
57.4
53,248
54.3
176
53,072
3,010
5.4

98,115
56,557
57.6
53,529
54.6
175
53,354
3,028
5.4

98,187
56,521
57.6
53,445
54.4
175
53,270
3,076
5.4

TOTAL
2

Noninstitutional population
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
3
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.




4

Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the'resident
Armed Forces).
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1989.
5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

. 185,402 187,017
. 122,120 124,664
66.7
65.9
. 115,978 118,168
63.2
62.6
6,495
6,142
5.2
5.0

187,165
123,998
66.3
117,698
62.9
6,300
5.1

185,402
122,650
66.2
116,141
62.6
6,509
5.3

186,598
124,070
66.5
117,550
63.0
6,520
5.3

186,726
124,023
66.4
117,419
62.9
6,604
5.3

186,871
124,148
66.4
117,585
62.9
6,563
5.3

187,017
124,488
66.6
117,836
63.0
6,652
5.3

187,165
124,546
66.5
117,888
63.0
6,658
5.3

81,001
62,792
77.5
59,858
73.9
2,120
57,738
2,934
4.7

81,968
63,919
78.0
61,033
74.5
2,246
58,785
2,887
4.5

82,055
63,814
77.8
60,862
74.2
2,119
58,743
2,952
4.6

81,001
63,048
77.8
60,133
74.2
2,292
57,841
2,915
4.6

81,754
81,790
63,717
63,771
77.9
78.0
60,861 - 60,729
74.4
74.2
2,340
2,330
58,399
58,521
2,856
3,042
4.5
4.8

81,905
63,918
78.0
61,026,
74.5
2,304
58,722
2,892
4.5

81,968
63,967
78.0
61,033
74.5
2,292
58,741
2,934
4.6

82,055
64,071
78.1
61,154
74.5
2,293
58,861
2,917
4.6

89,954
51,786
57.6
49,601
55.1
589
49,012
2,186
4.2

90,952
53,117
58.4
50,687
55.7
612
50,075
2,430
4.6

91,042
52,761
58.0
50,459
55.4
551
49,908
2,302
4.4

89,954
51,613
57.4
49,199
54.7
660
48,539
2,414
4.7

90,684
52,352
57.7
49,875
55.0
642
49,233
2,477
4.7

90,771
52,358
57.7
49,984
55.1
660
49,324
2,374
4.5

90,860
52,281
57.5
49,796
54.8
641
49,155
2,485
4.8

90,952
52,541
57.8
50,043
55.0
624
49,419
2,498
4.8

91,042
52,586
57.8
50,048
55.0
618
49,430
2,538
4.8

14,447
7,542
52.2
6,519
45.1
161
6,358
1,023
13.6

14,097
7,628
54.1
6,449
45.7
173
6,275
1,179
15.5

14,087
7,424
52.8
6,377
45.3
192
6,185
1,047
14.1

14,447
7,989
55.3
6,809
47.1
240
6,569
1,180
14.8

14,160
8,001
56.5
6,814
48.1
293
6,521
1,187
14.8

14,166
7,894
'55.7
6,706
47.3
229
6,477
1,188
15.0

14,107
7,949
56.3
6,763
47.9
252
6,511
1,186
14.9

14,097
7,980
56.6
6,760
48.0
244
6,516
1,220
15.3

14,067
7,889
56.1
6,686
47.5
286
6,400
1,203
15.2

Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio®
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

.
.
,»

.
.

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment'population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

,
.
.
.

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

.

.

1
The population figures' are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1989.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted 1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Dec.
1968

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

158,705
104,972
66.1
100,423
63.3
4,549
4.3

159,736
106,907
66.9
102,167
64.0
4,740
4.4

159,832
106,406
66.6
101,793
63.7
4,613
4.3

158,705
105,454
66.4
100,649
63.4
4,805
4.6

159,470
106,485
66.8
101,684
63.8
4,801
4.5

159,549
106,393
66.7
101,579
63.7
4,814
4.5

159,644
106,618
66.8
101,862
63.8
4.756
4.5

159,736
106,834
66.9
101,991
63.8
4,843
4.5

159,832
106,896
66.9
102,032
63.8
4,864
4.6

54,731
77.9
52,466
74.7
2,264
4.1

55,632
78.4
53,457
75.4
2,174
3.9

55,556
78.2
53,338
75.1
2,218
4.0

54,924
78.2
52,698
75.1
2,226
4.1

55,443
78.4
53,307
75.4
2,136
3.9

55,465
78.3
53,153
75.1
2,312
4.2

55,626
78.5
53,483
75.5
2,143'
3.9

55,676
78.5
53,482
75.4
2,194
3.9

55,747
78.5
53,580
75.5
2,167
3.9

43,748
57.0
42,218
55.0
1,530
3.5

44,809
57.9
43,094
55.7
1,715
3.8

44,574
57.5
42,937
55.4
1,637
3.7

43,637
56.8
41.924
54.6
1,713
3.9

44,184
57.2
42,391
54.9
1,793
4.1

44,198
57.2
42,520
55.0
1,678
3.8

44.207
57.1
42.437
54.9
1,770
4.0

44,360
57.3
42,586
55.0
1,774
4.0

44,469
57.4
42,641
55.0
1,828
4.1

6,494
55.4
5,739
49.0
755
11.6
13.4
9.8

6,467
56.8
5,616
49.3
851
13.2
14.8
11.5

6,277
55.3
5,518
48.6
759
12.1
14.0
10.1

6,893
58.8
6,027
51.4
866
12.6
13.5
11.6

6,658
59.6
5,986
52.0
872
12.7
13.1
12.3

6.730
58.7
5.906
51.5
824
12.2
13.3
11.1

6,785
59.4
5.942
52.0
843
12.4
13.6
10.9

6,798
59.7
5,923
52.0
875
12.9
14.3
11.3

6,680
58.9
5,811
51.2
869
13.0
14.0
11.9

20,842
13,367
64.1
11,938
57.3
1,428
10.7

21,136
13,614
64.4
12,056
57.0
1,558
11.4

21.164
13,487
63.7
11,989
56.6
1,498
11.1

20,842
13.407
64.3
11,872
57.0
1,535
11.4

21,060
13,476
64.0
11,961
56.8
1,515
11.2

21,085
13,518
64.1
11,938
56.6
1,580
11.7

21,108
13,507
64.0
11,923
56.5
1,584
11.7

21,136
13,57664.2
11,954
56.6
1,622
11.9

21,164
13,522
63.9
11,920
56.3
1,602
11.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,146
74.2
5,559
67.1
586
9.5

6,230
74.0
5,599
66.5
631
10.1

6,206
73.6
5,554
65.9
652
10.5

6,181
74.6
5.571
67.3
610
9.9

6,198
73.9
5,584
66.6
614
9.9

6,239
74.6
5,610
67.0
629
10.1

6,234
74.2
5,593
66.6
641
10.3

6,247
74.2
5,587
66.4
660
10.6

6,244
74.0
5,569
66.0
675
10.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio4
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,375
61.4
5,773
55.6
602
9.4

6,480
61.4
5.835
55.3
645
10.0

6,369
60.3
5,779
54.7
590
9.3

6.320
60.9
5,673
54.7
647
10.2

6,362
60.6
5,753
54.8
609
9.6

6,360
60.5
5,743
54.6
617
9.7

6,336
60.2
5,706
54.2
630
9.9

6,373
60.4
5,722
54.2
651
10.2

6,311
59.7
5,681
53.8
630
10.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

846
38.8
606
27.8
240
28.3
30.0
26.6

904
41.6
622
28.7
282
31.2
31.8
30.4

912
42.1
655
30.3
257
28.1
29.0
27.2

906
41.6
628
28.8
278
30.7
30.8
30.6

916
42.2
624
28.7
292
31.9
30.3
33.6

919
41.8
585
26.6
334
36.3
33.8
38.8

937
43.0
624
28.6
313
33.4
32.0
34.9

956
44.0
645
29.7
311
32.5
32.3
32.7

967
44.6
670
30.9
297
30.7
30.1
31.4

WHITE

Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

.

Men, 20 years and over

Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate

.

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio8
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

See footnotes at end of table.




.

.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

13,533
9,053
66.9
8,402
62.1
651
7.2

13,977
9,473
67.8
8,719
62.4
754
8.0

14,019
9,410
67.1
8,651
61.7
759
8.1

13,533
9,135
67.5
8,445
62.4
690
7.6

13,853
9,361
67.6
8,541
61.7
820
8.8

13,894
9,342
67.2
8,564
61.6
778
8.3

13,936
9,339
67.0
8,595
61.7
744
8.0

13,977
9,424
67.4
8,672
62.0
752
8.0

14,019
9,495
67.7
8,691
62.0
804
8.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

;

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.
Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience
through December 1989.

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

115,978
40,599
29,344
6,473

118,168
40,958
30,196
6,420

117,698
41,075
29,897
6,442

116,141
40,567
29,118
6,390

117,550
40,723
29,259
6,371

117,419
40,649
29,506
6,429

117,585
40,839
29,544
6,354

117,836
40,886
29,767
6,351

117,888
41,041
29,695
6,349

1,507
1,247
116

1,590
1,343
100

1,505
1,257
99

1,686
1,355
147

1,723
1,410
133

1,680
1,424
132

1,678
1,406
124

1,687
1,373
122

1,677
.1,369
125

104,231
17,627
86,604
1,173
85,431
8,612
264

106,241
18,042
88,199
1,039
87,160
8,645
249

105,919
18,035
87,884
1,051
86,833
8,679
237

103,954
17,352
86,602
1,206
85,396
8,588
279

105,317
17,559
87,758
1,147
86,611
8,621
272

105,476
17,613
87,863
1,065
86,798
8,581
279

105,504
17,595
87,909
987
86,922
8,610
280

105,960
17,681
88,279
1,051
87,228
8,528
264

105,643
17,728
87,915
1,077
86,838
8,653
251

All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,239
2,620
2,323
16,420

4,737
2,374
2,054
16,437

4,709
2,333
2,026
16,465

5,350
2,564
2,417
15,355

4,802
2,281
2,142
15,550

4,864
2,321
2,161
15,506

4,767
2,314
2,082
15,368

4,803
2,297
2,162
15,254

4,802
2,277
2,106
15,388

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,961
2,419
2,258
16,019

4,488
2,175
2,008
16,035

4,485
2,151
1,998
16,106

5,047
2,379
2,318
14,912

4,567
2,129
2,076
15,071

4,605
2,165
2,095
15,076

4,526
2,166
2,021
14,936

4,552
2,132
2,097
14,805

4,554
2,111
2,051
14,983

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1989.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data

Quarterly averages
Measure

1988

1989

IV

III

II

I

1989
IV

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.1

U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.4

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.5

2.4

2.5

2.5

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force for persons 25 years and over

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.1

4.1

4.1

U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

5.0

4.9

4.9

5.0

5.0

4.9

5.0

5.0

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces .

5.2

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.3

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

5.3

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1 /2 part-time jobseekers plus
1 /2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1 /2 of the part-time labor force

7.4

7.2

7.3

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.3

7.3

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1 /2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1 /2 of the part-time labor force

8.2

7.9

8.0

7.9

7.9

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N.A. = not available.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience

December 1989.
through

Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Category
Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

6,509
3,550
2,915
2,959
2,414
1,180

6,652
3,624
2,934
3,028
2,498
1,220

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

1,291
1,097
570

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2

5,274
1,250

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989-

Dec.
1989

6,658
3,582
2,917
3,076
2,538
1,203

5.3
5.3
4.6
5.3
4.7
14.C

5.3
5.1
4.5
5.4
4.7
14.8

5.3
5.4
4.8
5.2
4.5
15.0

5.3
5.2
4.5
5.4
4.8
14.9

5.3
5.3
4.6
5.4
4.8
15.3

5.3
5.3
4.6
5.5
4.8
15.2

1,296
1,161
568

1,291
1,202
556

3.1
3.6
8.2

3.1
3.9
8.0

3.3
3.8
7.7

3.0
3.9
7.8

3.1
3.8
8.2

3.0
3.9
8.1

5,301
1,347

5,299
1,377

5.0
7.0
6.2

4.9
7.1
6.0

5.0
7.3
6.0

4.9
7.1
5.9

5.0
7.4
5.9

5.0
7.5
6.0

5.3
6.3
7.6
10.3
5.1
4.9
5.4
4.9
3.9
6.1
4.2
2.8
9.0

5.4
6.3
6.4
10.2
5.2
4.9
5.7
4.9
3.7
6.0
4.4
2.7
9.0

5.4
6.3
8.4
10.1
5.2
4.9
5.5
5.0
4.5
5.9
4.5
2.8
7.8

5.3
6.2
4.8
9.3
5.4
5.2
5.6
4.9
3.9
5.9
4.3
2.7
9.8

5.4
6.3
6.2
9.8
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.0
3.6
6.4
4.3
2.7
12.1

5.4
6.5
4.4
9.8
5.6
5.4
5.9
4.9
3.4
6.3
4.2
2.6
9.7

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over'
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

-

-

-

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

4,878
1,841
56
655
1,130
634
496
3,037
249
1,427
1,361
491
166

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for



5,063
1,870
48
620
1,202
716
486
3,193
227
1,535
1,431
498
232

5,038
1,916
32
630
1,254
718
536
3,122
219
1,506
1,397
478
180

|
I
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1989.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
{Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

Aug.
1989

Dec.
1988

Oct.
1989

Sept.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989
I

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

2,701
2,045
1,396
701
696

3,234
1,963
1,298
682
616

2,982
2,026
1,293
695
598

3,000
2,039
1,476
740
736

3,125
2,002
1,338
759
579

3,169
2,030
1,359
769
590

3,166
1,995
1,378
743
635

3,258
1,991
1,422
765
657

3,302
2,013
1,362
730
632

13.2
6.1

11.6
4.5

11.8
5.1

12.8
5.7

11.4
5.0

11.5
5.0

11.7
5.0

11.6
4.8

11.5
4.8

100.0
44.0
33.3
22.7
11.4
11.3

100.0
49.8
30.2
20.0
10.5
9.5

100.0
47.3
32.2
20.5
11.0
9.5

100.0
46.0
31.3
22.7
11.4
11.3

100.0
48.3
31.0
20.7
11.7
9.0

100.0
48.3
31.0
20.7
11.7
9.0

100.0
48.4
30.5
21.1
11.4
9.7

100.0
48.8
29.8
21.3
11.5
9.8 I
I

100.0
49.5
30.1
20.4
10.9
9.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1989.

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reasons
Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

3,078
866
2,212
903
1,523
638

3,023
912
2,111
1,051
1,802
619

3,172
1,033
2,139
962
1,615
551

3,021
806
2,215
994
1,740
785

2,964
865
2,099
1,031
1,772
643

2,932
852
2,080
1,034
1,920
648

2,979
780
2,199
994
1,890
685

3,092
969
2,123
1,049
1,845
695

3,097
957
2,140
1,055
1,853
686

100.0
50.1
14.1
36.0
14.7
24.8
10.4

100.0
46.5
14.0
32.5
16.2
27.7
9.5

100.0
50.3
16.4
34.0
15.3
25.6
8.7

100.0
46.2
12.3
33.9
15.2
26.6
12.0

100.0
46.2
13.5
32.7
16.1
27.6
10.0

100.0
44.9
13.0
31.8
15.8
29.4
9.9

100.0
45.5
11.9
33.6
15.2
28.9
10.5

100.0
46.3
14.5
31.8
15.7
27.6
10.4

100.0
46.3
14.3
32.0
15.8
27.7
10.3

2.5
.7
1.2
.5

2.4
.8
1.4
.5

2.6
.8
1.3
.4

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.5

2.4
.8
1.5
.5

2.4
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.5
.6

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Noy.
1989

Dec.
1989

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
On layoff

New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

On layoff ....I
Other job losers
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1989.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Sex and age

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

6,509
2,426
1,180
531
648
1,246
4,098
3,641
452

6,652
2,472
1,220
548
665
1,252
4,188
3,688
496

6,658
2,428
1,203
558
645
1,225
4,242
3,744
494

5.3
10.9
14.8
16.6
13.5
8.7
4.1
4.3
3.0

5.3
11.0
14.8
17.5
12.8
8.8
4.0
4.1
3.1

5.3
11.1
15.0
17.2
14.2
8.8
4.1
4.3
3.0

5.3
11.1
14.9
16.9
13.5
8.9
4.1
4.2
3.0

5.3
11.3
15.3
17.4
13.8
9.0
4.1
4.2
3.2

5.3
11.2
15.2
18.1
13.4
8.9
4.1
4.3
3.2

3,550
1,283
635
293
340
648
2,277
1,990
277

3,624
1,380
690
312
382
690
2,258
1,967
303

3,582
1,361
665
319
346
696
2,238
1,917
314

5.3
11.1
15.4
17.7
13.7
8.6
4.1
4.3
3.2

5.1
11.5
15.1
17.7
13.1
9.4
3.8
3.8
3.3

5.4
11.9
15.7
19.5
13.7
9.8
4.1
4.1
3.5

5.2
11.7
15.9
18.5
14.2
9.3
3.9
4.0
3.2

5.3
12.0
16.7
19.0
15.1
9.4
4.0
4.1
3.5

5.3
11.8
16.1
19.6
13.8
9.5
3.9
4.0
3.6

2,959
1,143
545
238
308
598
1,821
1,651
175

3,028
1,092
530
236
283
562
1,930
1,721
193

3,076
1,067
538
239
299
529
2,004
1,827
180

5.3
10.6
14.1
15.4
13.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.7

5.4
10.4
14.6
17.2
12.5
8.1
4.2
4.5
2.8

5.2
10.2
14.4
14.7
14.6
7.7
4.1
4.4
2.4

5.4
10.4
13.8
15.0
12.8
8.5
4.2
4.4
2.8

5.4
10.4
13.8
15.7
12.3
8.5
4.2
4.4
2.9

5.5
10.4
14.3
16.5
13.0
8.2
4.3
4.6
2.7

1
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through

December 1989.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

26,697
17,148
64.2
15,555
58.3
1,593
9.3
9,549

27,280
17,757
65.1
16,002
58.7
1,755
9.9
9,524

27,332
17,592
64.4
15,905
58.2
1,687
9.6
9,741

26,697
17,205
64.4
15,492
58.0
1,713
10.0
9,492

27,128
17,574
64.8
15,866
58.5
1,708
9.7
9,554

27,177
17,641
64.9
15,847
58.3
1,794
10.2
9,536

27,227
17,601
64.6
15,797
58.0
1,804
10.2
9,626

27,280
17,686
64.8
15,861
58.1
1,825
10.3
9,594

27,332
17,648
64.6
15,841
58.0
1,807
10.2
9,684

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional




population.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the
experience through December 1989.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Tabli A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian employed

Unemployed

Unemployment rate

Occupation
Dec.
1988

Dec.
1989

115,978

117,698

6,142

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial

29,754
14,306
15,449

30,594
14,648
15,946

Technical, sales, and administrative support

36,088
3,593
14,292
18,203

Total, 16 years and over1

Administrative support, including clerical

Private household
Service, except private household and protective

Mechanics and repairers

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1989

6,300

5.0

5.1

503
308
195

581
345
236

1.7
2.1
1.2

1.9
2.3
1.5

36,997
3,735
14,676
18,586

1,321
89
597
635

1,361
96
605
660

3.5
2.4
4.0
3.4

3.5
2.5
4.0
3.4

15,645
966
1,881
12,797

15,364
871
1,908
12,584

1,042
60
79
903

1,055
63'
57
935

6.2
5.8
4.0
6.6

6.4
6.7
2.9
6.9

13,599
4,349
5,097
4,153

13,737
4,478
5,134
4,124

756
175
403
178

796
160
471
165

5.3
3.9
7.3
4.1

5.5
3.4
8.4
3.9

17,868
8,285
4,869
4,714
717
3,996

18,063
8,214
4,857
4,992
738
4,254

1,600
684
285
631
218
413

1,617
748
315
555
138
417

8.2
7.6
5.5
11.8
23.4
9.4

8.2
8.3
6.1
10.0
15.8
8.9

3,024

2,944

243

233

7.5

7.3

Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was

in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of mals Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Employed
Number

Percent of
labor force
Dec.
Dec.
1989
1988

Dec.
1999

Dec.
1999

Dec.
1999

Dec.
1999

Dec.
1999

Dec.
1989

7,903
5,729
592
1,969
3,168
2,174

7,930
5,290
391
1,586
3,313
2,640

7,248
5,424
559
1,882
2,983
1,824

7,261
5,045
363
1,505
3,177
2,217

6,961
5,212
525
1,796
2,891
1,749

6,943
4,824
339
1,447
3,038
2,119

287
212
34
86
92
75

318
220
24
57
139
98

4.0
3.9
6.1
4.6
3.1
4.1

4.4
4.4
6.5
3.8
4.4
4.4

20,885
9,221
7,077
4,587

22,064
9,446
7,650
4,968

19,692
8,732
6,655
4,305

20,864
8,976
7,237
4,651

18,916
8,390
6,397
4,129

20,084
8,611
6,953
4,520

776
342
258
176

779
365
284
130

3.9
3.9
3.9
4.1

3.7
4.1
3.9
2.8

Dec.
1988

Dec.
1969

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to




those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted3

Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

20,973
14,131
13,520
611
4.3

21,300
14,469
13,761
708
4.9

21,337
14,295
13,611
684
4.8

20,973
14,198
13,524
674
4.7

21,192
14,358
13,706
652
4.5

21,227
14,452
13,716
736
5.1

21,263
14,457
13,767
690
4.8

21,300
14,440
13,715
725
5.0

21,337
14,370
13,611
759
5.3

9,819
6.094
5,766
327
5.4

10,032
6,270
5,921
349
5.6

10,051
6,247
5,887
360
5.8

9,819
6,085
5,755
330
5.4

9,978
6,209
5,884
325
5.2

9,996
6,194
5,846
348
5.6

10,014
6,259
5,895
364
5.8

10,032
6,296
5,945
351
5.6

10,051
6,262
5,900
362
5.8

8,712
5,796
5,436
360
6.2

8,718
5,978
5,600
378
6.3

8,722
5,908
5,545
362
6.1

8,712
5,817
5,429
388
6.7

8,708
5,889
5,540
349
5.9

8,711
5,944
5,576
368
6.2

8,714
5,934
5,531
403
6.8

8,718
5,996
5,586
410
6.8

8,722
5,945
5,568
377
6.3

4,598
3,127
3,033
94
3.0

4,609
3,133
3,007
127
4.0

4,611
3,134
3,003
130
4.2

4,598
3,150
3,043
107
3.4

4,604
3,191
3,060
131
4.1

4,605
3,130
2,993
137
4.4

4,607
3,121
2,979
142
4.5

4,609
3,151
3,012
139
4.4

4,611
3,160
3,016
144
4.6

7,063
4,638
4,310
329
7.1

7,105
4,736
4,409
327
6.9

7,107
4,723
4,385
338
7.2

7,063
4,648
4,306
342
7.4

7,100
4,673
4,352
321
6.9

7,101
4,682
4,305
377
8.1

7,103
4,749
4,360
389
8.2

7,105
4,705
4,360
345
7.3

7,107
4,729
4,387
342
7.2

6,050
4,013
3,854
159
4.0

6,073
4,038
3,848
190
4.7

6,076
4,027
3,888
139
3.5

6,050
4,043
3,875
168
4.2

6,066
3,990
3,810
180
4.5

6,068
4,014
3,828
186
4.6

6,071
4,046
3,839
207
5.1

6,073
4,065
3,856
209
5.1

6,076
4,047
3,901
146
3.6

13,807
8,614
8,217
397
4.6

13,823
8,760
8,317
443
5.1

13,826
8,801
8,318
483
5.5

13,807
8,580
8,177
403
4.7

13,816
8,557
8,127
430
5.0

13,817
8,649
8,182
467
5.4

13,820
8,662
8,257
405
4.7

13,823
8,751
8,292
459
5.2

13,826
8,784
8,289
495
5.6

4,959
3,358
3,247
111
3.3

5,032
3,425
3,328
97
2.8

5,038
3,417
3,314
103
3.0

4,959
3,371
3,254
117
3.5

5,016
3,432
3,304
128
3.7

5,021
3,454
3,315
139
4.0

5,027
3,432
3,321
111
3.2

5,032
3,412
3,318
94
2.8

5,038
3,440
3,332
108
3.1

8,281
5,352
5,066
286
5.4

8,326
5,471
5,147
323
5.9

8,329
5,459
5,129
330
6.0

8,281
5,355
5,060
295
5.5

8,318
5,469
5,209
260
4.8

8,320
5,491
5,216
275
5.0

8,323
5,503
5,169
334
6.1

8,326
5,444
5,099
345
6.3

8,329
5,470
5,132
338
6.2

California
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian honinstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted2

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Dec.
1988

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

9,400
5,806
5,562
244
4.2

9,442
5,943
5,639
303
5.1

9,446
5,898
5,608
290
4.9

9,400
5,816
5,543
273
4.7

9,433
5,768
5,520
248
4.3

12,000
8,266
7,751
515
6.2

12,005
8,327
7,752
575
6.9

12,008
8,201
7,722
479
5.8

12,000
8,284
7,693
591
7.1

11,996
8,352
7.729
623
7.5

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989

Dec.
1989

9,435
5,813
5,572
241
4.1

9,439
5,798
5,530
268
4.6

9,442
5,959
5,638
321
5.4

9,446
5,921
5,605
316
5.3

11,998
8,253
7,737
516
6.3

12,001
8,287
7,753
534
6.4

12,005
8,265
7,668
597
7.2

12,008
8,218
7,676
542
6.6

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics* estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted




columns.
NOTE: Revised seasonal adjustment factors are not yet available for
State data. The seasonally adjusted series will be revised for the release of
January data on February 2.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally
adjusted
Reason, sex, and race

I
1989

1988

1989

1988

IV

IV

62,856

62,658

57,586
7,915
4,577
24,381
16,990
3,723

I
i

I

It

III

IV

62,811

62,564

62,419

62,567

62,624

57,654
7,808
4,662
23.696
17,987
3,500

57,506
6,289
4,688
24,573
17,256
4,700

57,232
6,367
4,567
24,507
17,194
4,597

57,007
6,278
4,774
24,096
17,387
4,472

57,626
6,995
4,671
24,031
17,673
4,256

57,577
6,229
4,767
23,886
18,270
4,425

5,271
1,387
787
1,083
923
574
349
1,091

5,005
1.215
904
1,186
807
556
250
893

5,439
1,408
782
1,140
954
587
367
1,154

5,303
1,291
887
1,176
851
563
289
1,097

5,463
1,447
888
1,175
817
518
299
1,136

5,176
1,246
907
1,251
827
563
263
945

21,361

21,267

21,049

20,950

20,840

21,009

20,953

19,393

19,529

19,087

19,027

18,941

19,169

19,221

1,968
702
382
436
448

1,737
584
434
367
352

1,946
656
412
405
473

1,913
634
448
401
430

2,015
735
476
349
455

1,765
583
431
377
374

41,495

41,392

41,762

41,614

41,579

41,559

41,670

38,192

38,124

38,419 j

38,205

38,066

38,456

38,356

3,303
685
406
1,083
487
643

3,268
631
470
1,186
440
541

3,434 j
707 }
409 |
1,140 |
500 |
678 j

3,357
636
475
1,176
447
624

3,410
652
484
1,154
464
655

3,448.
712
412
1,175
468
681

3,411
663
476
1,251
450
571

53,049

52,920

53,052

52,955

49,263

49,109

49,310

49,286

3,850
901
672
805
583
889

3,769
893
643
815
535
883

3,785
983
599
801
525
878

3,659
831
634
899
531
764

IV
I

T O T A L
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity: Going to school
Ill, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons1

i
j
i

5,323 ,
1,286
932
1,154
865
523
343
1,085

Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking; School attendance
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

2.005
701
373
455 i
476 j

Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons

!
I

j

White
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

53,352

53,040

53,267

49,591

49,523

49,349

3,761
905
548
796
663
849

3,562
810
628
868
555
701

|
[
I

3,872
926 !
550 |
824 ;
646 !
925 j
i
i

Black

!

7,472

7.601

7,468

!

7,464

7,532

7,547

7,601

Do not want a job now

6,190

6.323

6,154

6,145

6,275

6,032

6,281

Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons1

1,282 !
393 |
214 I
257 j
212 I
207

1,278
349
267 !
290 !
223 1
150

1,297
385
210
280
221
200

|
f
j
J
|
'
!
!

1,309
332
207
338
255
177

1,314
315
243
269
317
169

1,558
427
288
354
263
226

1,295
343
265
313
232
142

Total not in labor force

j

1
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home
responsibilities."
NOTE: Detail may not add to not-in-labor force totals because of the




weighting procedures. Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based
on the experience through December 1989.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by Industry
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Dec.
1988

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989p

Dec.
1989P

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989°

107,917

109,975

110,328

110,379

107.097

108,887

109,096

109,171

109,393

90,098

91,904

92,100

92,206

89,574

91,083

91.230

91,328

Goods-producing industries

25,487

25.976

25,843

25,522

25,513

Mining
Oil and gas extraction

714
398.7

740
412.4

744
418.4

737
417.6

711
394

729
405

730
408

73,1
409

737
414

5,148
I,380.3

5,591
I,444.3

5,499
I,426.0

5,258
1.396.6

5,213
1,380

5,321
1,403

5,325
1.396

5,335
1,386

5,360
1,391

Manufacturing
Production workers

19,625
13,420

19,645
13,409

19,600
13,365

19,527
13,307

19,589
13,385

19,644
13,401

19,559
13,319

19,537
13.307

19,510
13,279

Durable goods
Production workers

II,601

II,501
7,659

II,488
7,648

11,450
7,620

11,565
7,730

11,551
7,696

11.480
7,632

11,457
7,615

11,436
7,597

767.2
530.2
605.7
772.3
267.4
1,439.4
2.143.2
2,021.9
2,032.6
832.0
778.3
396.8

755.6
525.2
592.9
771.9
268.1
1.435.0
2,149.3
2,011.3
2.037.7
835.9
779.8
391.7

780
532
607
785
276
1,449

763
529
601
786
276
1,443
2,152
2,034

769.4
387.3

774.3
529.7
607.7
774.8
269.3
1.442.2
2.134.3
2,026.3
2.033.3
836.0
778.6
400.1

873
782
393

759
528
597
777
273
1,438
2,147
2,023
2,038
843
780
393

764
525
600
776
271
1,434
2,139
2,018
2,031
833
779
391

766
524
601
772
268
1,431
2,145
2,012
2,018
823
778
389

8,024
5,655

8,144
5,750

8,112
5,717

B,077
5,687

8,024
5,655

8.093
5,705

8,079
5,687

8,080
5,692

8,074
5,682

1,635.7
59.4
725.3
1.090.4
697.1
1,595.6
1.076.5
159.8
841.7
142.9

1,721.7
54.1
727.1
1,092.6
698.2
1,610.2
1,095.0
165.0
838.8
141.1

1,687.6
52.9
724.4
1,090.6
698.5
1,622.6
1,095.4
163.9
836.3
139.6

1,658.3
54.2
722.3
1,085.2
699.5
1.625.6
1.099.1
160.3
833.0
139.3

1.646
56
724
* 1,090
696
1,588
1,079
162
840
143

1,667
52
727
1,095
700
1,611
1,097
163
841
140

1,674
51
723
1,088
697
1,612
1,095
163
837
139

1,676
51
724
1,084
697
1,612
1,096
164
837
139

1,669
51
722
1,084
697
1,616
1,098
164
835
138

82,430

83,999

84,485

84,857

81,584

83,193

83,482

83,568

83,786

3,471
2,209

5,777
3,616
2,161

5,786
3,630
2,156

3,651
2,213

5,634
3,421
2,213

5,618
3,539
2,079

5,709
3.546
2,163

5,729
3,566
2,163

5,745
'3,587
2,158

6,302
3,725
2,577

6,307
3,737
2.570

6,314
3,748
2,566

6,125
3,626
2,499

6,256
3,708
2,548

6,264
3,717
2.547

6,278
3,721
2,557

6,297
3,737
2,560

19,718
2,489.9
3.327.4
2.176.0
6,409.0

20,021
2.641.3
3,371.9
2,164.8
6.378.3

20.344
2,768.9
3.415.7
2.151.8
6,393.8

19,328
2,460
3,182
2.136
6,328

19,621
2,484
3,293
2,152
6,385

19,632
2,486
3,294
2,157
6.397

19,679
2,478
3,321
2,169
6,403

19,725
2,478
3,335
2,169
6,417

Total
Total private

Construction
General building contractors

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products ...
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities ..
Transportation
Communication and public utilitie
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

7,765
769.7
537.3
600.6
786.6
276.1
1.457.7
2,130.0
2,079.0
2.083.8

6,128
3,626
2,502

'

2,126
2.067
2,063
867
767
389

25,614

2,068

91,567
25,607

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service s
Eating and drinking places

19,954
2,758.9
3,248.7
2,124.1

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

6,726
3,304
2,109
1,313

3,332
2,130
1,372

6,849
3,346
2,138
1,365

6,867
3,356
2,145
1,366

6,744
3,307
2.110
1,327

6,836
3,336
2.137
1,363

6,852
3.343
2,137
1,372

6.851
3,345
2,134
1.372

6,872
3,356
2,140
1,376

Services
Business services
Health services

26,123
5,744.5
7,350.1

27,297
5,885.1
7,777.8

27,294
5,878.0
7.827.4

27,295
7,873.7

26,230
5,715
7.359

27,058
5,800
7,695

27,159
5,836
7,739

27,188
5.827
7,778

27,321
5,643
7,835

Government
Federal
State
Local

17,819
2.981
4,168
10,670

18,071
2,969
4,257
10,845

18,228

18,173
2,976
4,262
10,935

17,523
2,981
4,085
10,457

17,804
2,999
4,154
10,651

17,866
2,996
4,182
10,688

17,843
2,984
4,153
10,706

17,826
2,978
4,163
10,685

p

= preliminary.




2,966
4,288
10,974

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupcrvtotry workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

i Dec.
[ 1988

Total private

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989p

Dec.
1989p

Aug.
1989

Dec.
1988

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

Nov.
1989"

Dec.
1989s

34.9

34.8

34.5

34.6

34.7

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.6

34.5

43.5

Mining

42.8

43.9

43.7

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

Construction

37.3

39.2

38.0

37.1

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41,7
4.2

40.9
3.9

41.0
3.9

41.3
4.0

41.0
3.9

41.0
3.8

41.0
3.8

40.8
3.7

40.7
3.7

40.7
3.7

42.5
4.5

41.4
3.9

41.5
3.9

42.0
4.1

41.7
4.1

41.6
3.9

41.6
3.9

41.2
3.8

41.2
3.7

41.2
3.7

40.4
40.5
42.2
44.1
44.2
42.7
43.5
41.6
43.5
44.5
42.0
39.7

40.6
39.9
42.9
42.4
42.5
41.6
42.0
41.0
41.3
43.0
41.1
39.7

39.9
39.7
42.4
42.6
42.6
41.8
42.4
41.2
41.4
42.8
41.6
40.3

39.9
40.2
41.6
43.1
43.4
41.9
43.1
41.6
42.9
42.7
41.9
40.2

40.3
39.4
42.4
43.5
43.8
41.8
42.5
40.8
42.8
43.7
41.1
39.0

40.2
39.6
42.5
42.9
43.4
41.5
42.2
40.9
42.7
43.0
41.1
39.4

40.2
39.6
42.2
42.8
42.9
41.6
42.3
41.1
42.8
43.4
41.0
39.2

40.4
39.2
42.3
42.5
42.8
41.5
42.0
40.9
41.2
42.9
41.1
39.3

40.1
39.3
42.3
42.4
42.6
41.4
42.1
40.8
40.9
42.3
41.2
39.8

39.8
39.1
41.7
42.5
43.0
41.0
42.1
40.6
42.2
42.0
41.0
39.5

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours

40.5
3.8

40.3
3.9

40.4
3.8

40.4
3.8

40.0
3.6

40.2
3.6

40.2
3.7

40.2
3.7

40.1
3.6

39.9
3.6

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coa! products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40.8
39.9
41.0
37.2
44.0
38.4
42.9
44.3
42.1
38.3

41.1
40.2
40.9
37.1
43.5
37.9
42.3
45.1
41.5
37.9

41.2
39.0
40.8
37.2
43.7
38.1
42.7
44.5
41.6
37.4

41.2
37.0
40.7
36.7
44.0
38.3
43.4
42.5
41.7
38.3

40.2
40.5
36.8
43.2
37.8
42.3

40.8
O
41.0
37.0
43.5
37.7
42.4

ft

ft

ft

Transportation and public utilities

39.5

39.4

39.1

39.3

39.4

39.0

Wholesale trade

38.2

38.3

38.1

38.2

38.1

Retail trade

29.6

28.9

28.6

29.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate

35.8

36.1

35.7

Services'

32.6

32.8

32.6

Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steei products
Fabricated meta! products
'
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

;

1

-

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to
construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in
transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for
approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonagricultural
payrolls.




41.0

40.8

ft

ft

40.8

40.6

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

39.3

39.3

39.1

39.3

38.0

38.1

38.1.

38.1.

38.0

29.1

28.8

28.8

29.0

28.8

28.5

35.8

0

ft

ft

ft

ft

ft

32.5

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.6

32.6

ft

41.4
37.7

41.5
38.1

•

40.6
37.0
43.2
37.9
42.5

41.5
38.1

40.7
36.9
43.4
37.8
42.4

41.4
37.7

40.4
36.9
43.4
37.9
42.4

41.3
37.4

40.3
36.3
43.2
37.7
42.8
41.0
37.8

4
These series are not published seasonally adjusted since the
seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
p
« preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings
I
Nov.
Oct.
Dec.
Dec.
1989°
1989
1989p
1988

Average hourly earnings
i
'
I
Oct. j Nov. | Dec.
| Dec.
s
1988
1989 j 1989° ! 1989

Industry

$9.46
9.45

S9.81
9.78

$9.81
9.78

$9.85
9.84

$330.15 $341.39 $338.45 $340.81
327.92 339.37 338.39 339.48

13.03

13.10

13.12

13.28

557.68

575.09

570.72

580.34

13.19

13.52

13.52

13.68

491.99

529.98

| 513.76

507.53

10.37

10.52

10.58

10.67

432.43

430.27

433.78

440.67

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
i
Motor vehicles and-equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10.90
8.76
8.06
10.57
12.26
14.07
10.44
11.24
10.29
13.59
14.23
10.13
8.20

11.10
11.06
8.99
9.00
8.39
8.40
10.87
10.82
12.43
12.50
14.40 ' 14.47
10.57
10.61
11.43
11.48
10.43
10.47
13.84
13.85
14.44
14.45
10.35
10.37
8.49
8.38

11.21
8.98
8.39
10.87
12.49
14.33
10.71
11.62
10.52
14.06
14.61
10.52
8.61

463.25
353.90
326.43
446.05
540.67
621.89
445.79
488.94
430.12
591.17
633.24
425.46
325.54

457.88
364.99
334.76
464.18
527.03
612.00
439.71
480.06
427.63
571.59
621.35
425.39
332.69

460.65
359.10
333.48
460.89
532.50
616.42
443.50
486.75
431.36
573.39
618.03
431.39
342.15

470.82
358.30
337.28
452.19
538.32
621.92
448.75
500.82
437.63
603.17
623.85
440.79
346.12

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

9.61
9.25
14.31
7.52
6.29
11.81
10.70
12.90
15.21
9.31
6.44

9.80
9.27
14.91
7.77
6.39
11.97
11.04
13.25
15.63
9.47
6.64

9.86
9.38
15.02
7.82
6.44
12.07
11.04
13.26
15.64
9.50
6.67

9.92
9.48
15.26
7.86
6.48
12.03
11.12
13.28
15.64
9.57
6.57

389.21
377.40
570.97
308.32
233.99
519.64
410.88
553.41
673.80
391.95
246.65

394.94
381.00
599.38
317.79
237.07
520.70
418.42
560.48
704.91
393.01
251.66

398.34
386.46
585.78
319.06
239.57
527.46
420.62
566.20
695.98
395.20
249.46

400.77
390.58
564.62
319.90
237.82
529.32
425.90
576.35
664.70
399.07
251.63

Transportation and public utilities

12.42

12.69

12.71

12.74

490.59

499.99

496.96

500.68

Wholesale trade

10.14

10.50

10.55

10.60

387.35

402.15

401.96

404.92

Retail trade

6.43

6.62

6.63

6.65

190.33

191.32

189.62

192.85

Finance, insurance, and real estate

9.32

9.71

9.69

9.76

333.66

350.53

345.93

349.41

Services

9.16

9.59

9.61

9.70

298.62

314.55

313.29

315.25

Total private
Seasonally adjusted

Manufacturing

See footnote 1, table B-2.

= preliminary.

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private2:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars3
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime5
Transportation and public utilities ...
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

Dec.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Oct.
1989

$9.45
4.82
13.15
10.31
9.85
12.36
10.11
6.43
9.35
9.10

$9.69
4.79
13.37
10.52
10.05
12.57
10.39
6.57
9.57
9.43

$9.74
4.81
13.39
10.55

$9.78
4.81
13.44
10.55

1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
* Includes mining, not shown separately, because its
seasonal component is too small to be separated out
with sufficient precision.
3
The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage
Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate
this series.




10.08

12.67
10.47
6.58
9.66
9.49

10.08

12.68
10.54
6.61

9.77
9.58

Nov.
1989p

Dec.
1989p

$9.78
4.79
13.53
10.57

$9.84
N.A.
$13.64

10.11

10.14
12.69
10.57
6.64
9.79
9.63

12.65
10.54
6.60
9.67
9.54

10.61

Percent
change
from:
Nov. 1989Dec. 1989
0.6
O
.8
.4
.3
.3
.3
.6
1.2
.9

Change was -0.4 percent from October to
November 1989, the latest month available.
Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid
at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p
= preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

1

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by Industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total private

Dec. Oct.
1988 1989

Nov.
1989p

Dec.
1989p

Seasonally adjusted
Dec. Aug. Sept. Oct.
1988 1989 1989 1989

129.8

130.1 126.8 128.5 128.9 129.2

129.0

128.6

103.2 105.4

102.4

101.4

104.0

102.3

87.5

86.4

135.4 156.5

148.7

136.6

96.3

96.2

96.4

96.2

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

96.8 93.1
105.3 106.3
117.2 112.9
89.4 92.3
70.0 65.8
54.0 50.1
94.7 90.5
94.9 91.9
103.6 98.2
103.6 94.6
95.2 85.3
117.5 115.9
85.8 89.2

93.2
103.2
112.5
90.9
65.8
49.8
90.7
93.4
98.5
94.4
84.8
117.4
89.9

93.9
101.5
113.0
66.4
66.5
51.0
90.6
95.7
99.0
98.2
84.8
118.9
88.0

94.6
106.2
112.6
91.0
68.8
53.1
92.1
92.5
100.2
100.3
89.9
114.5
84.7

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

99.9
102.3
83.1
80.6
85.0
104.0
140.6
100.6
82.0
121.0
56.0

101.0
110.5
77.0
80.3
85.2
103.1
138.4
101.2
87.1
118.5
54.9

142.1 144.6

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing

Service-producing industries

Dec.
1989"

128.3 130.6

87.6

Goods-producing industries

Nov.
1989p

81.8

98.0

102.3 103.3 102.8 102.4
80.2

84.4

85.3

85.5

85.8

84.5

139.4 143.5 143.1 143.8

145.6

140.5

95.2

94.9

94.6

94.0 93.3 92.2
103.6 103.0 104.2
111.9 111.6 109.9
90.2 88.8 89.6
67.6 66.7 65.9
53.0 51.9 51.1
90.4 90.0 89.7
93.2 93.1 92.0
98.0 98.0 97.1
100.5 98.5 94.3
90.1 87.0 84.7
115.8 115.8 116.1
86.8 85.8 86.0

91.9
103.6
109.7
90.0
65.4
50.3
89.2
92.8
96.6
92.5
82.5
116.1
86.5

91.8
102.3
108.3
87.8
65.4
50.8
88.1
93.1
95.7
95.4
81.9
115.5
87.0

100.6
107.8
72.8
79.6
85.2
103.7
140.6
102.0
85.9
118.3
53.7

100.1 98.4 99.9 99.7 99.6
105.1 101.5 105.2 106.2 105.9
71.4 76.7 68.7 69.0 67.6
79.2 79.5 80.4 79.1 79.5
83.7 84.2 84.9 84.5 84.0
104.9 102.1 103.4 101.9 102.8
142.0 137.4 138.3 138.7 138.3
104.5 99.4 101.8 101.5 101.8
78.9 82.7 83.4 84.1 85.6
118.1 118.6 119.3 118.4 118.1
54.7 55.2 54.8 54.8 53.8

99.3
105.3
66.9
78.6
83.9
102.8
139.3
101.9
85.7
117.1
52.9

98.8
104.5
64.5
78.5
82.9
102.7
138.7
103.5
80.1
115.8
53.9

96.4

95.8

144.0

145.5

140.3 142.4 143.3 144.0

143.7

143.6

Transportation and public utilities

116.9 118.9

117.9

120.1

115.5 113.7 116.8 117.4

117.0

119.2

Wholesale trade

125.2 129.1

128.5

128.4

124.9 127.3 127.6 128.0

128.2 * 127.9

Retail trade

133.5 128.3

129.2

133.3

126.7 127.5 127.5 128.4

128.1

126.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate

140.9 144.7

143.0

143.8

141.2 143.3 143.8 145.0

143.7

144.3

Services

164.4 172.9

171.5

171.2

165.8 170.4 171.4 172.2

171.8

172.2

1

See footnote 1, table B-2.




p

= preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Tablt B'8. Diffusion Indaxaa of smploymant Changs, atsaonally ad|usttd
(Percent)
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonagricultural payrolls, 349 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1987
1988
1989

55.6
60.7
68.3

59.3
63.5
60.5

61.0
63.0
61.0

61.9
62.8
58.2

58.6
61.3
55.6

59.7
67.2
59.7

65.3
63.6
55.6

60.6
58.0
57.4

63.0
55.4
47.9

Over 3-month span:
1987
1988
1989

60.7
64.8
71.6

62.0
65.6
70.1

66.6
69.5
64.5

65.2
70.2
61.9

65.8
71.1
61.6

65.9
71.9
60.7

67.8
71.2
61.6

71.1
64.2
53.4

71.2
65.3
54.6

Over 6-month span:
1987
1988
1989

67.3
69.9
75.1

65.8
70.2
69.5

64.8
71.5
68.2

66.8
73.9
66.0

67.6
.73.9
63.0

69.5
69.1
57.9

71.3
70.2
57.7

Over 12-month span:
1987
1988
1989

66.6
76.2
73.2

68.2
76.1
73.6

68.2
74.8
69.6

71.8
74.6
67.6

72.5
74.9
63.0

72.2
78.1

p

71.9
75.8
65.5

p

p

73.5
74.6
59.6

p

74.1
75.5

67.8
63.9
55.3

p

64.5
68.2
59.3

p

60.7
64.6
53.3

72.3
70.1
54.4

70.9
73.4
"58.5

65.9
74.6

73.2
73.5
55.2

71.5
73.9

71.8
74.5

72.2
75.8

75.4
75.5

72.5
74.8

73.8
74.9

76.9
74.1

59.9
62.8
52.1

p

Manufacturing payrolls, 141 industries1
Over 1-month span:
1987
1988
1989

44.3
58.5
62.4

53.9
56.0
53.5

54.3
55.0
53.2

55.7
59.9
49.6

55.3
58.5
46.8

54.3
61.7
48.6

62.8
59.6
49.6

59.9
51.1
45.4

63.8
49.3
34.8

Over 3-month span:
1987
1988
1989

52.1
63.1
67.4

51.4
61.0
63.8

59.6
62.4
55.7

61.3
64.9
51.8

58.5
67.4
49.3

62.8
67.0
48.6

67.0
64.5
47.9

71.6
58.2
34.0

68.4
62.1
41.8

Over 6-month span:
1987
1988
1989

57.4
66.3
69.5

56.7
66.3
58.5

55.3
67.7
55.7

62.4
69.5
52.8

64.9
66.7
48.9

67.0
64.2
39.0

67.4
66.0
40.1

Over 12-month span:
1987
1988
1989

55.3
73.8
63.1

58.5
70.2
63.8

58.5
70.9
57.1

63.5
71.6
53.5

67.4
69.9
43.3

71.6
70.9

1
Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month
spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p
= preliminary.




p

66.3
72.0
47.5

p

p

70.6
70.9
41.1

72.7
69.1

p

9

70.6
66.7
40.1

p

p

65.6
64.9
46.5

p

56.4
58.5
45.0

67.7
71.3
47.2

64.5
70.9

71.3
68.8
35.5

69.5
69.9

69.5
71.6

68.1
74.1

71.6
71.6

69.1
70.2

68.4
69.9

72.3
67.0

NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment
increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged
employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between
industries with increasing and decreasing employment.