Full text of The Employment Situation : December 1986

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N e w s sSr
««

Bureau of Labor Statistics

Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical information: (202) 523-1 371
523-1944
523-1959
Media contact:
523-1913

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

JJSDL

87-13

TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
JANUARY 9, 1987

DECEMBER 1986

Employment continued to rise in December and unemployment declined,
the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported
today. The overall unemployment rate was 6.6 percent and the civilian
worker rate was 6.7 percent; both were down two-tenths of a percentage
point from the revised figures for the prior 2 months.
Nonagricultural payroll employment—as measured by the monthly survey
of
establishments—rose
by
270,000
in
December
while
civilian
employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—was up by
205,000.
Both employment series showed growth in excess of 2 million
during 1986.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons declined by 295,000 in December,
after adjustment for seasonality, to 7.9 million. After holding steady for
2 months, the civilian jobless rate fell 0.2 percentage point to 6.7
percent. With the exception of December, the unemployment rate fluctuated
within two-tenths of the annual average of 7.0 percent throughout 1986.
(See table A-2.)
December unemployment rates for adult men (6.0 percent), adult women
(5.9 percent), teenagers (17.3 percent), whites (5.8 percent), and blacks
(13.7 percent) were slightly below those of the previous month.
However,
the jobless rate for Hispanics rose to 10.5 percent, offsetting a decline
in November. During 1986, jobless rates for adult women, teenagers,
whites, and blacks declined, whereas those for adult men and Hispanics
showed little or no improvement. (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
The bulk of the December decline in unemployment took place among the
medium-term jobless—those out of work 5 to 14 weeks. The mean and median
duration of unemployment were about unchanged at 15.0 and 7.1 weeks,




This release incorporates annual revisions
in
seasonally adjusted unemployment and other labor force
series derived from the household
survey.
The 1986
overall and civilian worker unemployment rates as first
computed and as revised, plus additional information on
the revisions, appear on page 5.

•

- 2 respectively.
table A-7•)

Both measures have changed little over the past year.

(See

Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)

Over

Civilian employment, at 110.6 million, rose by 205,000 in December.
the year, total employment advanced by 2.2 million, with adult women

Table At Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data

Quarterly
averages

Nov.-

Category

Dec.

1986

1986

change
III

IV

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Labor force 1/
Total employment 1/..
Civilian labor force...
Civilian employment..
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers..

Thousands of
120,308 120,163
112,170 111,941
118,558 118,414
110,420 110,192
8,138
8,222
62,807
62,772
1,127
N.A.

persons
120,426
112,183
118,675
110,432
8,243
62,688
N.A.

120,336
112,387
118,586
110,637
7,949
62,961
N.A.

-90
204
-89
205
-294
273
N.A.

6.6
6.7
6.0
5.9
17.3
5.8
13.7
10.5

-0.2
-.2
-.2
-.2
-.9
-.2
-.5
.9

Thousands of jobs
100,316 plOl,075 100,826 plOl,065 plOl,334
24,872 p24,897
24,865 p24,895 p24,932
75,444 p76,178
75,961 p76,170 p76,402

p269
p37
p232

119,866
111,675
118,171
109,980
8,191
62,664
1,150

Percent of ].abor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/
All civilian workers.

Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin....

6.8
6.9
6.1
6.1
18.1
6.0
14.5
10.8

6.8
6.9
6.1
6.0
17.8
6.0
14.1
10.2

6.8
6.9
6.2
6.1
17.7
6.0
14.3
10.4

6.8
6.9
6.2
6.1
18.2
6.0
14.2
9.6

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm employment
Goods-producing
Service-producing....

Hours of work
Average weekly hour^:
Total private
Overtime

34.7
40.7
3.5

p34.7
p40.8
p3.5

\J Includes the resident Armed Forces.
p=preliminary.
NOTE: Household data have been revised
based on the experience through December 1986.




34.7
40.7
3.5

p34.8
p40.8
p3.5

p34.6
p40.9
p3.6

p-0.2
P.l
P.l

N.A.=not available.

- 3 accounting for 55 percent of the increase.
(All yearly comparisons are
adjusted for changes in the underlying population estimates introduced in
January 1986.)
The civilian labor force was about unchanged at 118.6 million in
December, after seasonal adjustment. Over the past year, the labor force
rose by 1.9 million. (See table A-2.)
Discouraged Workers (Household Survey Data)
In the fourth quarter of 1986, there were 1.1 million discouraged
workers—persons who wanted to work but did not look for jobs because they
believed that they could not find any. Their number has been essentially
unchanged for more than a year. Seventy-five percent of the discouraged
workers cited job-market conditions as their reason for not looking, while
the remainder cited personal factors.
Blacks continued to make up a
disproportionately large share (26 percent) of all discouraged workers.
(Se$ table A-14.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonagricultural payroll employment rose by 270,000 in December,
seasonally adj usted* to a level of 101.3 million. For the second month in
a row, increases occurred in about three-fifths of the 185 industries in
the BLS index of diffusion. (See tables B-1 and B-6.)
The service-producing sector accounted for almost all
of
the
over-the-month job growth, as it has for most months over the past year.
The
services
industry
itself
posted
another
large
monthly
increase—140,000.
This industry has accounted for 44 percent of the 2.4
million over-the-year expansion in payroll jobs, largely because of the
rapid growth in its business and health services components. Employment
also rose over the month in finance, insurance, and real estate. Over the
past year, this rapidly growing industry has added 370,000 jobs, a 6
percent increase.
Employment in transportation and public utilities,
wholesale trade, retail trade, and government were all little changed over
the month, after seasonal adjustment.
In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing employment edged up for
the third month in a row in December. Since September, manufacturing
employment has increased by 85,000, regaining almost half the jobs lost in
the first 9 months of the year. Employment in construction was little
changed, continuing the recent pattern. In mining, there was a further,
although small, job decline in the oil and gas extraction industry,
following 2 months of relatively stable employment.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls were 34.6, down 0.2 hour, after seasonal
adjustment. In manufacturing, however, both the average workweek and
overtime hours edged up by a tenth of an hour. (See table B-2.)




- 4 The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls declined by 0.3 percent to
119.0 (1977*100), after seasonal adjustment. The factory index rose by 0.4
percent to 93.6. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings were about unchanged in December, and average
weekly earnings declined 0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted.
Prior to
seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings slipped 1 cent to $8.85, while
average weekly earnings increased by $1.43 to $308.87. Over the past year,
average hourly earnings have risen by 14 cents, and average weekly earnings
were up $2.28. (See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 170.8 (1977=100) in December,
seasonally adjusted, a decrease of 0.1 percent from November. For the 12
months ended in December, the increase was 1.8 percent. The HEI excludes
the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate
movements—fluctuations in manufacturing
overtime
and
interindustry
employment shifts.
In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI
increased 1.5 percent during the 12-month period ended in November.
(See
table B-4.)

The Employment Situation for January 1987 will be released on
February 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).




Friday,

- 5 -

Revisions of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data

At the end of each calendar year, the BLS routinely revises the
seasonally adjusted labor force series derived from the Current Population
Survey (household survey) to incorporate the experience of that year. As a
result of the recalculation of the seasonal factors, seasonally adjusted
data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision.
(Establishment
data are similarly revised concurrent with annual benchmark adjustments
about mid-year.)
Table B summarizes the effects of the revisions on the overall and
civilian worker unemployment rates in 1986. The 1986 annual averages, 6.9
percent for all workers and 7.0 percent for civilian workers, are, of
course, not affected by seasonal adjustment revisions. Table C presents
revised seasonally adjusted data for major civilian labor force series for
December 1985 through December 1986.
The January 1987 issue of Employment and Earnings will contain the new
seasonal adjustment factors that will be used to calculate the civilian
labor force and other major series for January-June of 1987, a description
of the current seasonal adjustment methodology, and revised data for the
most recent 13 months or calendar quarters for all regularly published
tables containing seasonally adjusted household survey data. Revised
monthly data for the entire 1982-86 revision period for 425 labor force
series will be published in the February 1987 issue. Historical seasonally
adjusted data (monthly and quarterly) may be purchased from the Bureau.
(Contact Gloria P. Green, (202) 523-1959.)

Table B. Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 1986 and change
due to revision

As first computed

As revised

Change due
to revision

Month
Overall

January

July

October


* Not


6.6
7.2
7.1
7.0
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.7
6.9
6.9
6.9
*6.5
published.

Civilian Overall

6.7
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.3
7.1
6.9
6.8
7.0
7.0
7.0
*6.6

6.7
7.1
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.7
6.9
6.8
6.8
6.6

Civilian Overall

6.8
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.8
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.7.

0.1
-.1
-.1
0
-.1
0
.1
0
0
-.1
-.1
.1

Civilian

0.1
-.1
0
0
-.1
0
.1
0
0
-.1
-.1
.1

Table

C.

Employment

(Numbers in

status

of

the

civilian

noninstitutional

population

by

sex

and

age,

seasonally

adjusted

thousands)
1985

Employment
s e x , and

status,
age

r

Dec.

|

1986

Jan.

I

|

Feb.

j

I

Mar.

|

I

Apr .

May

j

June

Aug.

July

L

|
| Sept.

|
|

I

I

Oct.

I
TOTAL

j

Civilian noninstitutional
|
po p u l a t ionJ_/
| 1 7 9 , 1 12| 1 7 9 , 6 7 0 1 7 9 , 8 2 11 1 7 9 , 9 8 5 1 8 0 , 1 4 8
117,292
| 1 16 , 3 3 3 1 16 , 7 9 4 1 1 7 , 0 4 2 j 117 , 1 8 7
Civilian labor force
65.1|
65.1
65.1
64.9
65.0
P e r c e n t of p o p u l a t i o n |
1
0
8
,
149j
1
0
8
,
8
9
2
j
1
0
8
,
5
5
7
j
1
0
8
,
8
0
7
1
08,969
Emp 1 oyed
|
Employment-population|
I
60.4 j
60.5
60.5
60.4 |
60.6
r a t i o 2y
|
8,485
8,380
8,323
8,184
7,902
U n e m p l oyed
|
7.2
7.2
7.1
7.0
6.8
Unemployment
rate....|
Men,

20

years

and

180,311
117,587
65.2
109,165

180,503 j180,682
1 18,005 118,117
65.4
65.4
109,613 109,887

60.5
8,422
7.2

60.7
8,392
7.1

180,828
118,124
65.3
110,067

1 8 0 , 9 9 7 j 18.1 , 1 8 6 1 8 1 , 3 6 3
1 18 , 2 7 2 j1 1 8 , 4 1 4 1 1 8 , 6 7 5
65.3|
65.4
65.4
109,987 110,192 110,432

60.8

60.8

6.8

8,285
7.0

8,222
6.9

78 ,586 I 7 8 , 6 3 4
6 1 , 3 5 5 j6 1 , 2 1 9
77.9
78.1 |
57,585
57,544

78,722
61 , 4 1 2
78.0
57 ,607

78,802
61 , 4 0 9
77.9
57,595

60.9
8,057

60 8
8,230
7.0

181 , 5 4 7
118,586
65.3
1 10,637
60.9
7 ,949
6.7

6 0 .9
8, 243
6.9

over

I
Civilian noninstitutional
population^/
|
Civilian labor force
j
P e r c e n t of p o p u l a t i o n !
Employed
|
Employment-population |
r a t io_2 /
I
Agriculture
|
Nonagricultural
|
industries
|
U n e m pi o y e d
j
Unemployment rate....|
N o t in l a b o r f o r c e
j

77 , 6 5 1
60, 545
78.0
56, 928

78,101
61,143
78.3
57,599

73.3
2,280

73.7
2,340

54,648
3,617
6.0
17,106

55,259
3,544
5.8
16,958

78,171
61 , 0 9 2
78.2
57,296
73.31
2,261
55,035
3,796

7 8 ,874 j 78 , 9 7 3
61,703
61,826
7 8 . ?. |
7 8.3
5 7 , 883| 58,101

78,236
61 , 1 7 7
78.2
57,388

78,309
61,080
78.0
57,392

78,387
61 , 1 5 8
78.0
57,338

78,484
61 , 3 3 0
78.1
57,522

73.4
2,389

73.3
2,319

73.1
2,279

73.3
2,309

73.2
2,275

73.2
2,185

73.2
2,286

73.1
2,297

73.4
2,303

73.6
2 ,289

54,999
3,789

55,073
3,688

55,059
3,820

55,213
3,808

55,269
3,811

55,400
3,634
5.9
17 ,415

55,321
3,805

55,298
3,814

55,580
3,820

55,812
3,725

6.2

6.2

6.0

6.2

6.2

6.2

17,079

17 , 0 5 9

17 , 2 2 9

17 , 2 2 9

17,154

17,231

6.2

6.2

17,310

17,393

6.2|

6.0

17,171

17,147

I
Women,

20

years

and

over

I

|

I
I

I
Civilian
noninstitutional
j
po p u l a t ion_iy
Civilian labor
force....
P e r c e n t of p o p u l a t i o n !
Empl oyed
|
Employment-population|
ratio_2/
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Unemploye d
Unemployment
rate.
N o t in l a b o r
force....

86 , 9 8 8 j 8 7 , 1 1 2 j 8 7 , 1 8 5
8 7 , 2 6 3 j 8 7 , 3 5 5 j 87 , 4 4 4 8 7 , 5 4 7
48,739
48,181
48,065
48 ,433
4 7 , 9 1 6 | 47 , 8 9 7 4 8 , 0 0 9
55.2
55. 1
55.1
55.7
55.4
55.1|
55.0
45,094
44,934
45,335
45 ,657
4 4 , 8 4 3| 4 4 , 9 5 2 4 4 , 8 2 0

87 , 6 2 9
48,879
55.8
45,869

87,689j
48,950
55.8
45,956

87,779
48,920
55.7
45,905

88,016
87,856| 87,933
4 9 , 0 1 4 j 49 , 0 4 3 4 8 , 9 2 3
55.6
5 5.8(
55.8
46,058
46,020| 46,067

I

I

51 .6 |
594 |

51 .4 |
591

51.6
677

51.5
589

51.6
585

51.8
604

44,345
3,131
6.5
39,198

44,509
3,087
6.4
39, 174

44,731
3,098
6.4
39,011

52.2
583

52.3
607

52.4
622

52.3
614

45,262
3,010

45,334
2,994

45,291
3,015

6.2

6.1

6.2

38,750

38 ,739

38,859

52.4
675

52.3
621

4 5 , 4 0 8 j 45 , 3 9 2
2,976
2 , 9 9 4|

45,437
2 ,865
5.9
39,093

52.4|
6 12 |

I
44,249
3,073
6.4
39,072

44,275
2,945

44,229
3,189

6.1

6.6

39,215

39,176

45,074
3,082|
6.3
38,808

6.1

6.1

3 8 , 8 4 2 | 38 ,890

I
Both

sexes,

16

to

19

years

Civilian
noninstitutional
po p u l a t ion_l /
Civilian labor force
j
P e r c e n t of p o p u l a t i o n !
Employed
Employment-population
ratio2/
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
indus tries
Unemployed
Unemployment
rate....
N o t in l a b o r f o r c e

I
14,474
7 ,872
54.4
6,378

14,458
7,754
53.6
6,341

14,465
7,941
54.9
6,441

4,485
7,945
54.9
6,485

14,484
8,031
55.4
6,483

14,480
7,996
55.2
6,492

14,472
7,936
54.8
6,434

44. 1
277

43.9
263

44.5
253

44.8
274

44.8
295

44.8
268

44.5
272

6,101
1 ,494
19.0
6 , 602 j

6, 188
1 ,500
18.9
6,524

6,078
1,413
18.2
6, 7 0 4

6,211
1 ,460
18.4
6,540

6,188
1,548
19.3
6,453

6,224
1 ,504
18.8
6,484

6,162
1,502
18.9
6,536

14,467
7,883
54.5
6,474

14,505
7,955
54.8
6,526

14 , 4 9 6
7 ,940
54.8
6,475

14,527
7,991
55.0
6,577

45.0
250

44.7
242

45.3
253

44.8|
242

14,5 57|
7,929
54.5
6,482
44.5
237 j




are
a

not

adjusted

percent

of

the

for

seasonal

civilian

44 . 5
251

I
6,232
1 ,409
17.9
6,584

6,276
1 ,429 j
18 . 0 |
6 , 5 50j

6,233
1 ,465
18.5
6,556

6,324|
6,245j
1 ,414 | 1 ,447|
17.7|
18. 2|
6 , 5 3 6 | 6,628 j

L
l_/
The population figures
variation.
l_t
C i v i l i a n e m p l o y m e n t as
noninstitutional
population.

1 4 , 5 58
7,837
53.8
6,478

NOTE: Data have been
through December
1986.

revised

based

on

the

J

experience

6,227
1,359
17.3
6,721

Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 59,500 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics ( B L S ) .
The establishment survey provides the information on the
e m p l o y m e n t , h o u r s , and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes 250,000 establishments employing over 38
million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment "during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication o f individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. At the time the first
half year's factors are calculated (upon availability of data for
December), historical data for the previous 5-year period are
subject to revision. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year,
along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are
discussed at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 328,000; for total
unemployment it is 220,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the " t r u e " level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .26 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.25 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new b e n c h m a r k s — c o m p r e h e n s i v e c o u n t s of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $4.50 per issue or $31.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory N o t e s . " Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Tabto A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces In the United States, by sex
(Numbers tn thousands)
Sessonslly adjusted1

Not aeaeonally adjuated
Employment ststus and sax
Dec .
1 985

Nov .

Dec.

Dec .

1 986

1986

1985

Aug .
1 986

Sept .
1 986

Oct.
1 986

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population'
participation rate*
Total employed*
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment rate*
Not in labor force

130,810
117,478
65.0

183,114
120,374

109,761
60.7

112,502
61.4

1 ,6 98

65. 7

1 ,751

1 83,297

183,297

180,810

182,525

182,713

118,031

119,821
65.6
111 , 7 6 4

119,988
65. 7

182,935
120,163
65. 7

183,114

119,799
65.4

12 0 , 4 2 6
65 . 8

12 0 , 3 3 6
65.7

111

111,941

1 12,183
6 1.3

1 12,387
6 1.3

112,338
61.3
1 ,750

65.3
1 09,847
60 . 8
1 ,698
108,149

108,063
2,809
105,254
7,717

110,751
3,078
107,673
7,872

107,762
7,461

3,151
104,998
8 , 184

6.6
63,332

6.5
62,740

6.2
63,498

6 . 9
62,779

86,459
65,698

87,773
67,108

87,868
66,950

86,459

76.5
62,747
71 . 5

76 . 2
62,568
71 . 2

110,588
2,826

61.2
1 ,697

,703

61.1
1,716
1 09,987
3,142

1 1 0,067
3 ,057
107,010
8,057
6 . 7

106,845
8,285
6 . 9

62,704

62,725

87 , 4 6 0
66 , 9 1 1
76 . 5

87,556
67,128
76 . 7
62,528
71 . 4

61.2
1 ,749
110,192
3,162
107,030
8 ,222
6 . 8
62 , 772

1,751
1 10,432
3,215
107,217
8,243
6 . 8
62 , 6 8 8

1 , 750
1 1 0 ,637
3,161
1 07,476
7 , 949
6 . 6
62,96 1

Men, 18 yeers and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force*
Participation rate*
Total employed*
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployment rate*

76.0
61,324
70 . 9
1 ,549
59,775
4,374
6.7

1 ,592
61 , 1 5 5

94,351

95,341
53,267

4,360
6.5

1 ,593
60,975
4,382
6 . 5

66,173
76.5
61,762
71 . 4
1 ,549
60,213
4,411
6 . 7

62,483
71 . 4
1 ,541

1 ,560

60,942
4 ,428
6.6

60 , 9 6 8
4,600
6 . 9

95,065
52,910
55.7

52,860
55.6

87,682
67,130
76 . 6

87,773
67,407

62,565
71 . 4

76 . 8
62,833
71.6

1 ,590
60 , 9 7 5

1 ,592
61 , 2 4 1

4,565
6 . 8

4 ,574
6 . 8

87 , 868
67,425
76 . 7
62 , 986
71.7
1 ,593
61 , 3 9 3
4 ,439
6 . 6

Woman, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population*

51,780
54.9
48,437
4

Employment-population ratio
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployment rate*

51 . 3
149
48,288
3,344
6 t 5

55.9
49,75^
52.2
159
49,595
3,512
6 .6

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.




95,429

94,351

52,849
55.4

51 , 8 5 8
55. 0
48,085

49,770
52.2
157
49,613
3,079
5.8

51 . 0
149
47,936
3,773
7.3

49,281
51.8
1 56
*9,125
3,629
6 . 9

95,156

49,175
51 . 7
1 56
49,019
3,685
7.0

95,253
53,033

95,341
53,019

95 , 4 2 9
52,911

55 . 7
49,376

55.6
49,350

55 . 4
49,40 1

51.8
1 59
49,217
3,657

51.8
1 59
4 9,191
3,669
6 . 9

6 . 9

51 . 8
1 57
49,244
3,510
6 . 6

8

labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
4
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
• Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident Armed
Forces).
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1986.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the elvlllan population by sex and age
(Numbers In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment stilus, ssx, and ago
Dec .
1 985

Nov.
1 986

Dec .
t 986

Dec .
1 985

Aug.
1 986

Sept.
1 986

Oct.
1 986

Nov .
1 986

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio' . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

181 1 86
414
65.4
1 1 0 1 92
60.8
8 222
6.9

181,363
118,675
65.4
110,432
60 . 9
8,243
6.9

78,722
61,412
78.0
57,607
73.2
2,286
55,321
3,805
6.2

78,802
61 , 4 0 9
77.9
57,595
73. 1
2,297
55,298
3,814
6.2

78 ,874
61,703
78.2
57,883
73.4
2,303
55,580
3,820
6.2

87,689
48,950
55.8
45,956
52.4
622
45,334
2,994
6. 1

87,779
48,920
55. 7
45,905
52.3
614
45,291
3,015
6.2

87,856
49,014
55.8
46,020
52.4
612
45,408
2,994

87,933
49,043
55.8
46,067
52.4
675
45,392
2,976

6 . 1

6 . 1

14,505
7,955
54.8
6,526
45. 0
250
6,276
1 ,429
18.0

14,496
7,940
54.8
6,475
44. 7
242
6,233
1 ,465
18.5

14,527
7,991
55.0
6,577
45.3
253
6,324
1 ,414
17.7

14,557
7,929
54.5
6,482
44.5
237
6,245
1 ,447
18.2

179,112
115,780
64.6
108,063
60.3
7,717
6.7

181,363
1 18,623
65.4
1 10,751
61.1
7,872
6.6

181,547
118,049
65.0
110,588
60 . 9
7,461
6.3

179,112
116,333
64.9
108,149
60.4
8,184
7.0

180,828
1 18,124
65.3
1 10,067
60 . 9
8,057
6.8

180,997
1 18,272
65.3
109,987
60.8
8,285
7.0

77,651
60,379
77.8
56,767
73. 1
2,115
54 , 6 5 2
3,612
6.0

78,874
61 , 6 5 4
78.2
58,019
73.6
2,263
55,755
3,636
5.9

78,973
61 , 6 6 5
78. 1
57,959
73.4
2,128
55,831
3,706
6.0

77,651
60,545
78.0
56,928
73.3
2,280
54,648
3,617
6.0

78,634
61,219
77.9
57,585
73.2
2 , 185
55,400
3,634
5.9

86,988
48,030
55.2
45,274
52.0
521
44,752
2,757
5.7

87,933
49,458
56.2
46,597
53.0
640
45,958
2,860
5.8

88,016
49,057
55.7
46,512
52.8
545
45,966
2,546
5.2

86,988
47,916
55. 1
44,843
51 .6
594
44,249
3,073
6.4

14,474
7,370
50 .9
6,022
41.6
1 72
5,850
1 ,349
18.3

14,557
7,511
51 .6
6 , 135
42. 1
1 74
5,960
1 ,376
18.3

14,558
7,327
50.3
6,117
42.0
153
5,964
1 ,209
16.5

14,474
7,872
54.4
6 ,378
44. 1
277

1 1 8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1 . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio* . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio? . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not ad)usted for seaaonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.




6,101

1 ,494
19.0

* Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1986.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment

efatue

HOUSEHOLD DATA
of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted

Employment statue, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Dec .
1 985

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

Dec .
1 985

Aug .
1 986

s?p t.
1 986

Oct .
1 986

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1986

154,327
100,090
64.9
94,385
61 . 2
5,704
5.7

155,979
102,455
65.7
96,555
61.9
5,899
5.8

156,111
101,983
65.3
96,388
61 . 7
5,596
5.5

154,327
100,617
65.2
94,549
61.3
6,068
6.0

1 55 , 6 0 4
102,122
65 . 6
96,177
61.8
5,945
5.8

155,723
102 , 158
65 . 6
96,000
61.6
6,158
6.0

155,856
102,297
65 . 6
96,147
61.7
6,150
6.0

155,979
1 02 , 4 5 5
65 . 7
96,281
61.7
6 , 1 74
6. 0

156,111
102,503
65 . 7
96,533
61.8
5,970
5.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

52,902
78. f
50,169
74. 1
2,733
5.2

53,930
78.5
51,163
74.5
2,768
5.1

53,970
78.5
51,094
74.3
2,876
5.3

53,106
78.4
50,374
74.4
2,732
5. 1

53,583
78.2
50,877
74.3
2,706
5. 1

53,727
78.4
50 , 8 4 5
74.2
2,882
5.4

53,757
78 . 3
50,845
74. 1
2,912
5.4

54,015
78 . 7
51 , 0 8 9
74.4
2,926
5.4

54,172
78 . 8
51,286
74.6
2,886
5.3

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

40,789
54.6
38,795
51 . 9
1 ,994
4.9

41,951
55.6
39,893
52.9
2,058
4.9

41,619
55.2
39,808
52.8
1 ,812
4.4

40,699
54.5
38,453
51 . 4
2,246
5.5

41,640
55.4
39,466
52.5
2 , 1 74
5.2

41,547
55.2
39,365
52. 3
2 , 1 82
5.3

41,598
55.2
39,431
52 . 3
2,167
5.2

41,540
55. 1
39,399
52. 3
2,141
5.2

41,514
55. 0
39,456
52.3
2 , 058
5.0

6,399
53.9
5,422
45.7
977
15.3
17.1
13.3

6,573
55.2
5,500
46.2
1 ,073
16.3
16.8
15.8

6,394
53.8
5,486
46.1
908
14.2
16.1
12.3

6,812
57.4
5,722
48.2
1 ,090
16.0
16.4
15.6

6,899
58. 1
5,834
49 . 1
1 ,065
15.4
16.6
14.2

6,884
57.9
5,790
48. 7
1 ,094
15.9
16.6
15.1

6 , 942
58.4
5,871
49 . 4
1 ,071
15.4
15.7
15.2

6,900
58. 0
5,793
48.7
1,107
16.0
16.3
15.7

6,817
57.3
5,791
48.7
1 ,026
15.1
15.5
14.6

19,819
12,445
62.8
10,681
53.9
1 ,764
14.2

20,120
12,695
63. 1
10,946
54.4
1 ,749
13.8

20,152
12,598
62.5
10,980
54.5
1 ,618
12.8

19,819
12,559
63.4
10,679
53.9
1 ,880
15.0

20,028
12,553
62.7
10,716
53.5
1 ,837
14.6

20,056
12,652
63.1
10,799
53.8
1 ,853
14.6

20,089
12,720
63.3
10,895
54.2
1 ,825
14.3

20,120
12,719
63.2
10,910
54.2
1 ,809
14.2

20,152
12,707
63.1
10,968
54.4
1 ,739
13.7

5,796
74.2
5,044
64.6
752
13.0

5,951
74.8
5,209
65.4
742
12.5

5,932
74.3
5,249
65.8
683
11.5

5,813
74.4
5,044
64.6
769
13.2

5,885
74.2
5,110
64.5
775
13.2

5,906
74.4
5,116
64.5
790
13.4

5,932
74.6
5,153
64.8
779
13.1

5,934
74.5
5,171
65.0
763
12.9

5,947
74.5
5,244
65.7
703
11.8

5,835
59.2
5,169
52.4
667
1 1 .4

5,977
59. 7
5,238
52.3
738
12.4

5,908
58.9
5,251
52.4
657
11.1

5,842
59.2
5,108
51 . 8
734
12.6

5,841
58.6
5,112
51 . 3
729
12.5

5,872
58.8
5 , 1 45
51 . 5
727
12.4

5,909
59. 1
5 , 1 78
51 . 8
731
12.4

5,943
59. 3
5,200
51.9
743
12.5

5,907
58. 9
5,182
51 . 7
725
12.3

814
37.9
469
21 . 8
345
42.4
43.4
41 . 2

767
35.8
499
23.3
269
35.0
35.6
34.5

758
35.4
480
22.4
279
36 . 8
38.3
35.2

904
42 . 1
527
24 . 5
377
41.7
40 . 9
42. 7

827
38.8
494
23. 1
333
40 . 3
38.8
41 . 9

874
40 . 9
538
25.2
336
38.4
38. 6
38.3

879
41.1
564
26 . 3
315
35.8
37.8
33. 8

842
39. 3
539
25. 1
303
36 . 0
35. 0
37 . 0

853
39 . 8
542
25.3
31 1
36 . 5
36 . 1
36 . 9

12,111
7,694
63.5
6,923
57.2
772
10.0

12,505
8,253
66 . 0
7,476
59.8
111
9.4

12,540
8,235
65 . 7
7,406
. 59. 1
829
10.1

12,111
7,777
64.2
6 ,964
57.5
813
10.5

12,397
8,130
65.6
7,248
58. 5
882
10.8

12,432
8 , 1 79
65.8
7,286
58 . 6
893
10.9

12,469
8,200
65 . 8
7 , 345
58 . 9
855
10.4

12,505
8,226
65.8
7,437
59 . 5
789
9.6

12,540
8,320
66 . 3
7 ,446
59 . 4
874
10.5

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexee, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate"
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed . .
Unemployment rate ....
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployment rate

s..

'

Both eexes, 16 to 19 yeers
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
<
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio4
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
1
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian nonlnstitutfonal population.




NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included
in both the white and black population groups. Seasonally adjusted data have oeen revised
based on the experience through December 1986

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
TaM* 44. Mected Miptoynwnt Indicators
WMWmw.Ui qMuwds)
l seasonally adjusted
Category

Dec .
1 985

Nov .
1 986

Seasonally adjuatod
Sep ^ .
1 986

Aug.
1 986

Dec .
1 985

Dec .
1 986

Nov .
1 986

Oct .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

CHARACTERISTIC
1 0 8 , 063
3 9 , 1 94
2 7 , 242
5 , 659

Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

110,
40,
27
5

751
099
954
965

110,
40,
27,
5,

1 1 0 , • 067
3 9 , . 735
27 ,.388
5 , .832

1 0 9 , 987
3 9 , 691
27 , 249
5 , 926

1 .545
,
1 .447
,
1 68

1 ,509
,
1 ,387
,
1 74

1 .521
,
1 .460
,
159

1 0 8 , 149
3 9 , 254
26 , 777
5 , 697

588
055
895
965

1 1 0 , 637
40 , 093
27 , 400
6 , 005

1 1 0 , 432
39 , 952
2 7 , 333
6 , 041

1 1 0 , 1 92
3 9 , 780
2 7 , 323
6 , 016

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1 .417
,
1 >292
,
1 1 7

1 ,562
,
1 ,451
164

1 ,582
1 ,425
1 98

1 ,621
1 ,400
1 52

9 8 ,. 6 9 2
1 6 .333
,
8 2 , .359
1 ,229
,
81 , 1 30
7,, 9 3 9
275

9 8 , .846
1 6 .264
,
8 2 , 582
1 .216
,
81 ,.366
7 , .993
265

9 8 , ,869
1 6 ,457
,
82 ,,412
1 ,, 1 83
81 ,,229
8 , . 1 79
252

9 9 , , 1 64
16, ,443
8 2 , • 721
1 ., 1 89
81 ,.532
8,.056
239

5,, 4 7 1
2 ,417
2 ,741
13 , 9 8 1

5,, 5 4 4
2,, 4 7 2
2,, 7 7 2
13,, 9 2 2

5 ,, 7 4 0
2 , ,481
2,,826
14,, 1 78

5 , .563
2 , ,510
2 , ,714
14,,021

5,,596
2,, 4 4 4
2,, 8 6 7
13,, 8 7 7

5 ,269
2 ,283
2 ,678
13 , 6 0 6

5 ,303
2 ,314
2 ,710
13,, 5 2 0

5,, 4 5 0
2,, 3 1 4
2,, 7 3 9
13,, 7 3 6

5,, 3 1 9
2,,366
2,,626
13,, 5 6 7

5,, 3 4 2
2 ,286
2,, 7 6 5
13,, 4 5 5

1 ,, 336
1 r, 3 4 1
131

1 •, 489
1 ,410
,
1 79

97;>16 0
16,r 31 5
8 0 , , 844
1 •, 122
79, , 7 2 2
7,, 8 3 7
257

99, , 1 2 7
16,>602
8 2 , ,526
1 ,,1 4 5
81 ,381
,
8,, 2 9 2
254

9 9 , .430
16, .588
8 2 , .842
1 .167
,
81 ,.675
8,, 0 8 8
243

9 6 , .912
16, . 1 77
8 0 , .735
1 .141
,
7 9 , ,594
7,, 8 1 7
254

98, ,586
1 6 ,446
,
8 2 , , 1 40
1 ,,2 4 7
80 ,, 8 9 3
7,, 9 5 6
271

All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,, 4 0 2
2 ,424
2, 7 1 8
14 , 5 8 7

5
2
2
15

,414
,563
,546
,185

5,, 4 9 4
2,, 5 0 6
2,, 7 5 8
14,, 8 0 5

5,, 5 0 5
2,, 3 6 5
2,, 8 3 8
13,, 6 4 0

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5 , 1 72
2 >256
2 , 655
14 , 2 0 4

5 , 1 76
2 ,409
2 ,478
14 , 7 5 9

5;, 2 2 6
2 ,313
2 ,689
14,, 4 4 9

5 ,292
2 ,233
2,, 7 4 0
13,, 1 96

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1

1
Excludes persons "with a Job but not at work" during too survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or Industrial dispute.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1986.

Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measure

U-1

1 985

Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force

Monthly data

1 986

1 986

IV

I

II

1 .9

1. 9

1 „, 9

1 ,, 9

1 .8

1 .8

1 .9

-j 8

III

IV

Oct.

Nov.

Dec .

U-2

Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

3.5

3.5

3., 5

3.

3 ., 3

3.

3.3

3 .3

U-3

Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of thp
civilian labor force

5. 4

5.5

5,, 5

5,

5,4

5 .5

5.5

5#2

Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time
civilian labor force

6.7

6.

6 .,8

6 .6

6 (,

6.

6.6

6.3

7. 0

7. 0

7 ,0

6 .8

6 ,. 8

6 .g

6.

8

6. 6

7. 1

7

7 . •j

6 .9

6 .9

6 .9

6.9

6 .7

9.5

9

9.

9

2

9 ^4

9# 3

9.

U-4

U-5a Total unemployed as a porcont of the labor force, Including the
resident Armed Forces
U-5b Total unemployed as a porcont of the civilian labor force
U-6

Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/a part-time jobseekers plus Vi total on part time
for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less Vi of the
part-time labor force

U-7

Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/a part-time jobseekers plus Va total on part
time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less Vz of the
part-time labor force

N.A = not available.




'.

10.4

7

1 0. 4

1 0 .5

#

3

1 0 .2

9f

5

1 0 .2

N

.A

N.A.

NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1986

N.A

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Category
Dec .
1 985

Aug .
1 986

Sept.
1 986

Oct.
1 986

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

7 , 949
4, 439
3 , 725
3, 510
2 , 865
1 , 359

7 .0
6 .8
6 .0
7 .3
6 .4
1 9 .0

6 .8
6 .8
5. 9
6 .9
6 .1
18. 0

7. 0
7. 0
6 .2
7. 0
6 .2
1 8 .5

6 .9
7. 0
6 .2
6 .9
6 .1
17. 7

6 .9
6 .9
6 .2
6 .9
6 .1
1 8 .2

6 . 7
6 . 7
6 . 0
6 . 7
5 . 9
17.3

1 ,862
1 ,429
650

1 ,. 8 2 2
1 .,3 7 8
656

4 .3
5 .4
9 .6

4 .2
5. 1
1 0 .1

4 ., 3
5 ., 1
9 ., 8

4 .,6
5 ., 0
8 ., 9

4 .5
5 .0
9 .7

4 . 3
4 . 8
9 . 8

6 ,668
1 ,498

6 >6
. 73
1 ,538

6 ,. 4 6 5
1 ,. 4 5 9

6 .7
9 .. 1
7 .. 9

6 .4
9 .3
7 .. 7

6 ., 6
9 ., 3
7 .. 9

6 ., 6
9 .2
7 .. 8

6 .6
9 .1
7 ., 7

6 . 3
8 . 8
7 . 6

6 ,098
103
764
1 ,603
965
638
320
1 ,712
1 ,596
652
1 85

6 , 1 90
1 36
955
1 ,541
860
681
272
1 ,621
1 ,665
61 1
1 77

5 ,. 9 8 9
1 33
834
1 -,5 0 4
841
663
290
1 ,,6 3 2
1 ,,5 9 6
569
21 1

7 . .0
1 0 ..2
1 2 .. 6
7 ., 3
7 ., 3
7 . 3
5 .. 1
7 ,. 7
5 , 4
3 ,. 9
1 0 .. 7

6 .9
1 6 ,6
.
1 2 .. 4
6 ., 9
6 ., 8
6 .. 9
4 ., 8
7 . 5
5 ,. 6
3 .. 3
1 3 ,. 3

7 ,. 0
1 3 ,. 9
1 2 ,. 9
7,. 0
6 ., 5
7 ., 7
4 . 7
7 .6
5 . 6
3. 5
12 . 9

7 . 0
1 4 .,5
1 3 ,. 8
7 ,. 3
7,. 2
7 . 3
5 . 2
7 .4
5 . 4
3. 7
1 1. 9

7 ., 0
1 4 .. 5
1 5 .. 1
7 .. 1
6 . 6
7 ,. 9
4 ,. 4
7 ., 2
5 ., 4
3 . 6
1 0 ., 1

6.8
14.1
13.7
6 . 9
6 . 4
7 . 7
4 . 6
7.2
5. 1
3 . 3
11.5

Dec .
1 985

Nov .
1 986

8 1 84
4 ,411
3 ,617
3 , 773
3 ,073
1 , 4 94

8 243
4 574
3 ,820
3 ,, 6 6 9
2 , , 9 76
1 ,,4 4 7

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

1 ,766
1 ,514
606

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2

Dec .
1 986

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers . . .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
» Aggregate hours- lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic

reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1986.

Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Weeks of unemployment
Dec .
1 985

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

Dec .
1 985

Aug .
1 986

Sept.
1 986

Oct .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

Nov .
1 986

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

3,053
2,577
2,088
943
1 , 1 45

3 ,281
2,597
1 ,994
914
1 ,080

2,972
2,443
2,046
954
1 ,092

3,417
2,507
2,209
1 ,005
1 ,204

3,436
2,407
2,272
1 ,068
1 ,204

15. 5
7 .2

1 5 .0
6 .8

15. 4
7 .5

15. 2
6 .8

1 5 .6
7 .1

15.5
7. 1

15.2
7.0

1 4 .8
7. 0

1 00 .0
39 . 6
33. 4
27 . 1
12. 2
1 4 .8

1 00 . 0
41 . 7
33. 0
25. 3
1 1 6
.
13. 7

1 00 .0
39. 8
32. 7
27. 4
12. 8
14. 6

100. 0
42. 0
30 . 8
27 . 2
12. 4
1 4 .8

1 00 .0
42 . 3
29 . 7
28. 0
13. 2
14. 8

100.0

100.0
41.9
31 . 5
26 . 6
11.7
14.9

1 00 .0
41 . 2
31 . 8
27. 0
12. 7
14. 3

3,415
2,524
2,373
1,110
1 ,263

3,418
2,563
2,168
950
1,218

3,382
2,613
2,217
1 , 045
1 , 1 72

3,355
2 , 389
2,171
1 ,023
1,148
15.0
7 . 1

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1986.




41.1
30 . 4
28.5
13.4
15.2

.

100.0
42 . 4
30 . 2
27.4
12.9
14.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not ssssonally adjusted

Seesonaliy adjusted

Reason
Dec .
1 985

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

Dec .
1 985

Aug .
1 986

Sept .
1 986

Oct .
1 986

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

4 ,063
1,190
2,873
81 3
2,010
832

3,773
986
2,787
1 ,090
2,035
975

3,936
1 , 1 26
2,810
929
1 ,795
801

3,996
1 , 1 35
2,861
902
2,251
1 , 042

3,824
1,017
2,807
990
2,199
1,014

4,044
1 ,029
3,015
1 ,041
2 , 1 45
1 ,038

3,984
1 ,072
2,912
1 ,027
2,190
972

3,947
1 ,073
2,874
1 ,056
2,119
1 ,076

3,890
1 ,078
2,812
1 ,036
2,019
1,015

1 00 . 0
52 . 6
1 5
37 . 2
1 0. 5
26 . 0
1 0. 8

100.0
47.9
12.5
35 . 4
13.8
25.8
12.4

1 00 . 0
52 . 8
15 . 1
37 . 7
12 . 5
24 . 1
1 0. 7

1 00 .0
48 . 8
13. 9
34. 9
1 1 .0
27. 5
12. 7

1 00 .0
47 . 6
1 2 .7
35. 0
12. 3
27. 4
12. 6

100.0
48. 9
12.4
36 . 5
12.6
25. 9
12.6

100.0
48.7
13.1
35 . 6
12.6
26.8
11.9

100.0
48 . 1
13.1
35. 1
12.9
25 . 8
13.1

100.0
48 . 9
13.5
35 . 3
13.0
25 . 4
12.8

3 .4
.8
1. 5
. 7

3 .4
8
1 .9
9

3. 2
8
1 .9
9

3.4
. 9
1 . 8
. 9

3.4
. 9
, 1 . 8
.8

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE

3 .
.
1.
.

Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

5
7
7
7

3.
.
1 .
.

1
9
7
8

3 .
.
1 .
.

3
9
8
9

3.3
. 9
1 . 7
. 9

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1986.

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thoussnds)

Sex and age

Unemployment rstss1

Dec .
1 985

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

Dec .
1 985

Aug .
1 986

Sept.
1 986

Oct.
1 986

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1 986

20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

8 ,184
3 ;, 1 5 9
1 ,;4 9 4
668
833
1 ,]6 6 5
5 ;, 0 3 4
4 ,417
585

8 ,243
3 ;, 0 0 5
1 ,i 4 4 7
686
768
1 ,, 5 5 8
5 ;, 2 3 0
4 ,630
571

7 ,, 9 4 9
2 ,, 9 8 6
1 ,, 3 5 9
629
737
1 ,i 6 2 7
4 ,, 961
4 j, 4 2 2
527

7. 0
13. 4
19. 0
21 . 2
1 7 .6
1 0 .7
5. 4
5. 7
3. 9

6 .8
12. 9
18. 0
1 9 .8
1 6 .8
1 0 .3
5. 4
5. 7
3. 7

7 ,. 0
1 3 .. 6
1 8 .,5
2 0 ., 0
1 7 .,2
1 1 ,.1
5 ., 4
5 ,. 6
4 ,, 0

6 .9
1 3 .0
17. 7
19. 3
16. 5
1 0 .5
5. 5
5. 7
4. 1

6 .9
12. 9
1 8 .2
20 . 6
1 6 .7
1 0 .2
5. 5
5. 8
3. 8

6 . 7
12.9
17.3
18.8
16.3
10.7
5.2
5.5
3.5

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years,
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

4 ,, 4 1 1
1 ,, 6 7 5
794
362
437
881
2 ,, 7 3 0
2 j, 3 8 3
346

4 ;, 5 7 4
1 ,, 6 3 5
754
366
388
881
2 j, 9 3 1
2 ,, 5 6 8
361

4 ,, 4 3 9
1 ,j 6 2 3
714
325
395
909
2 ,, 8 0 9
2 i, 4 6 2
351

6. 8
13. 6
19. 5
21 . 8
18. 0
1 0 .7
5. 2
5. 5
3. 9

6 .8
1 3 .3
19. 1
20. 9
18. 0
1 0 .3
5. 3
5. 6
4. 1

7 ., 0
1 4 ., 3
1 9 ., 1
2 1 ., 0
1 7 .,5
1 1 , .9
5 .,4
5 .,5
4 .,2

7. 0
13. 2
1 8 .2
19. 8
17. 0
1 0 .7
5. 5
5. 7
4. 4

6 .9
13. 4
18. 3
21 . 3
1 6 .2
10. 9
5. 5
5. 7
4. 1

6.7
13.4
17.8
19.1
17.0
11.3
5.2
5.5
4.0

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3 j, 7 7 3
1 ,, 4 8 4
700
306
396
784
2 ,, 3 0 4
2 i, 0 3 4
239

3 ,, 6 6 9
1 ,i 3 7 0
693
320
380
677
2 ,, 2 9 9
2 j, 0 6 2
210

3 j, 5 1 0
1 ,, 3 6 3
645
304
342
718
2 i, 1 5 2
1 ,. 9 6 0
1 76

7. 3
13. 2
18. 5
20 . 5
17. 2
1 0 .6
5. 7
5. 9
3. 9

6 .9
12. 4
16. 7
18. 7
15. 4
1 0 .2
5. 4
5. 8
3. 3

7 ., 0
1 2 .,8
1 7 ., 7
1 8 ,. 8
1 6 ,. 9
1 0 ,.2
5 .,5
5 .,8
3. 6

6. 9
12. 7
17. 2
18. 6
1 6 .0
1 0 .3
5. 4
5. 7
3. 6

6 .9
12. 4
18. 2
19. 8
17. 2
9 .4 •
5. 5
5. 8
3. 4

6 . 7
12.4
16.8
18.4
15.7
10.0
5.2
5.5
2.9

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years

1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.




NOTE: Data have been revised based on the experience through December 1986.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Teble A-10. Employment status of black and othsr workers
(Numbers In thoueandel

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment statue

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Dec .
1 985

Nov.
1 986

Dec .
1 986

Dec .
1 985

Aug.
1986

Sept.
1 986

Oct.
1 986

Nov .
1 986

Dec .
1986

24,785
15,690
63.3
13,677
55.2
2,013
12.8
9,095

25,385
16,169
63.7
14,195
55.9
1 ,973
12.2
9,216

25,436
16,065
63.2
14,200
55.8
1 ,865
11.6
9,371

24,785
15,786
63.7
13,655
55. 1
2 , 1 31
13.5
8,999

25,224
15,957
63.3
13,861
55.0
2,096
13.1
9,267

25,274
16,072
63.6
13,964
55. 3
2,108
13.1
9,202

25,330
16,148
63.8
14,097
55.7
2,051
12.7
9,182

25,385
16,192
63.8
14,137
55. 7
2,055
12.7
9 , 1 93

25,436
16,157
63.5
14,170
55.7
1 ,987
12.3
9,279

1
The population figures ere not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

2

Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population,
_
. . . . . .
, . ,
,
.
iU
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through
December 1986.

Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1

Dec .
1 985

Dec .
1 986

108,063

110,588

Unemployment rate

Unemployed
Dec .
1 985
7,717
548
293
255

Dec .
1 986
7,461
584
287
297

Dec .
1 985

Dec .
1 986

6.7

6.3

2.0
2.3
1 .8

2.1
2.2
2.0

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

26,231
12,287
13,943

27,325
12,869
14,457

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

33,997
3,366
13,036
17,595

35,016
3,330
13,853
17,833

1 ,496
1 06
645
745

1 ,421
1 07
586
728

4.2
3.1
4.7
4.1

3.9
3.1
4. 1
3.9

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

14,787
955
1 ,800
12,031

14,886
990
1 ,872
12,024

1 ,450
72
100
1 ,278

1 ,302
68
1 16
1,117

8.9
7.0
5.3
9.6

8.0
6.5
5.8
8.5

13,176
4,383
4,826
3,967

13,449
4,282
4,925
4,242

1 ,022
245
519
258

963
236
482
246

7.2
5.3
9.7
6.1

6.7
5.2
8.9
5.5

16,987
7,933
4,479
4,575
648
3,927

17,020
7,689
4,652
4,679
658
4,021

2,023
907
448
669
1 74
495

2,063
876
446
741
208
533

10.6
10.3
9. 1
12.8
21 . 2
11.2

10.8
10.2
8.8
13.7
24. 1
11.7

2,886

2,892

288

9.4

9.1

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

,

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the
Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.




301

t

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-12. Employment statue of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Civilian
nonlnstltutlonsl
population
Total

Unerriployed

Employed

Percent of
labor force

Number
Dec.
1 985

Dec .
1986

Dec .
1 985

Dec .
1986

Dec .
1985

Dec .
1 986

7;, 6 7 5
6 ,426
1 ,;2 9 3
,181
3>
1 ,:9 5 2
1 ,;2 4 9

7 , 792
6,, 3 1 4
1 ,j0 4 5
2 i, 8 5 7
2 i, 4 1 2
1 ,,4 7 8

7 i, 1 5 8
6, , 1 7 9
1 ,,2 4 1
3,, 0 7 4
1 ,i8 6 4
979

7, , 2 5 6
6 ,, 0 4 3
990
2 ,, 7 4 6
21, 3 0 7
1 ,j2 1 3

6, , 7 6 8
5,, 8 3 5
1 ,, 1 38
2 , 900
1 ,,7 9 7
933

6 i, 9 0 1
5 j, 7 2 1
91 1
2 ,, 6 0 2
2, , 2 0 8
1 ,, 1 80

17, , 7 0 7
8,, 0 6 3
5 , 303
4 i, 3 4 1

1I 8 ,i8 8 6
8 ,, 6 5 3
5 j, 946
4 ,, 2 8 7

16, , 7 1 3
7, , 6 6 4
4 j, 9 8 5
4 ,, 0 6 4

1 7 ,j8 4 1
8 ,, 2 2 0
5 i, 6 0 9
4 ,, 0 1 2

Dec .
1 985

Dec .
1 986

Dec .
1 985

Dec .
1 986

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

390
344
1 03
1 74
67
46

355
322
79
144
99
33

5.
5.
8.
5.
3.
4.

4
6
3
7
6
7

4.
5.
8.
5.
4.
2.

905
430
267
208

940
461
302
1 77

5.
5.
5.
5.

4
6
4
1

5. 3
5. 6
5. 4
4 .4

9
3
0
2
3
7

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between
August 5,1964 and May 7,1975, Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Arm-




15, , 8 0 8
7,, 2 3 4
4, , 7 1 8
3,, 8 5 6

16, , 9 0 1
7,, 7 5 9
5 ,, 3 0 7
3,, 8 3 5

ed Forces; published data are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most
closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seesonetty edited1
State end employment statue

Seesonetty adjusted*

Dec.
1985

Nov.
1986

Dec.
1986

Dec.
1985

Aug .
1986

Sept.
1986

Oct.
1986

No v .
1986

Dec.
1986

Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

19,771
12,923
12,113
810
6.3

20,155
13,465
12,585
880
6.5

20,191
13,308
12,470
838
6.3

19,771
12,951
12,086
865
6.7

20,047
13,334
12,451
883
6.6

20,081

20,119
13,424
12,537
887

20,155
13,476
12,558
918

Civilian noninstitutional populstion.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9,017
5 ,391
5,091
300
5.6

9,244
5 ,694
5,375
3 19
5.6

9,266
5 , 7 10
5 ,446
263
4.6

9,017
5 , 380
5,081
299
5.6

9,181
5 , 6 13
5,277
336

Civilian noninatltutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8.658
5.659
5,187
472
8.3

8 ,683
5,644
5,251
392
6.9

8 , 686
5,626
5 ,235
391
7.0

8,658
5,685
5 , 187
498

Civilian noninatltutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4 , 566
3,061
2,943
118
3.9

4 ,599
3,079
2,967
112
3.6

4,603
3 ,085
2,989
96
3.1

Civilian noninatltutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,821
4,355
4,026
329
7.6

6,871
4,463
4 ,104
359

Civilian noninatltutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Civilian noninatltutional population.
Civilian labor force

California

6.6

6.8

20,19 1
13,368
12,467
901
6.7

9,202
5 , 540
5,204
336
6.1

9 ,223
5 , 656
5 , 348
308
5.4

9 ,244
5,708
5,387
< 321
5.6

9,266
5,704
5,437
267
4.7

8,675
5,732
5 ,266
466

8,677
5,760
5,283
477
'
8.3

8,680
5,695
5,270
425
7.5

8,683
5,639
5, 222
417
7.4

8 , 686
5 , 646
5,231
415
7.4

4,566
3,060
2,936
124
4.1

4 ,590
3,119
2,998
121
3.9

4,593
3,083
2,955
128
4.2

4,596
3,069
2 , 950
119
3.9

4,599
3,059
2,930
129
4.2

4,603
3,084
2,983
101
3.3

6,821
4,417
4,072
345
7.8

6,857
4 , 348
3,992
356
8.2

6,861
4,369
3,978
391
8.9

6,866
4,440
4,058
382

8.0

6,877
4,470
4,130
340
7.6

8.6

6,871
4,479
4,101
378
8.4

6,877
4,508
4,151
357
7.9

5,916
3,845
3,637
208
5.4

5,965
3,902
3,743
159
4. 1

5,970
3,866
3,714
152
3.9

5,916
3,886
3,661
225
5.8

5,951
3,927
3,744
183
4.7

5,955
3,936
3,750
186
4.7

5, 960
3,896
3 , 680
216
5.5

5,965
3,933
3,760
173
4.4

5,970
3,905
3,738
167
4.3

13,705
8,448
7 ,949
500
5.9

13,749
8,407
7,957
450
5.3

13,754
8,458
7,998
460
5.4

13,705
8,477
7 ,934
543
6.4

13,735
8,366
7 ,867
499

13,744
8,388
7,919
469
5.6

13,749
8,370
7,890
480
5.7

13,754
8,456
7,949
507

6.0

13,739
8,449
7 ,937
512
6.1

Civilian noninatltutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rata

4,692
3,191
3,057
134
4.2

4,770
3,194
3,021
173
5.4

4,777
3,209
3,054
155
4.8

4,692
3,215
3,067
148
4.6

4,748
3 , 194
3,028
166
5.2

4,755
3,195
3,021
174
5.4

4,762
3 , 196
3,035
161
5.0

4,770
3 , 189
3,017
172
5.4

4,777
3,220
3,047
173
5.4

Civilian noninatltutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed.

8,080
5 , 156
4,721
436
8.5

8 ,108
5,279
4,891
388
7.3

8,111
5,256
4,839
4 18
7.9

8,080
5 , 186
4 ,749
437
8.4

8,099
5,161
4 ,740
421
8.2

8,101

8,105
5 , 204
4,803
401
7.7

8, 108

8,111

5,158
4 , 720
438
8.5

5,266
4,887
379
7.2

5,290
4,872
418
7.9

9,191
5,545
5 , 139
405
7.3

9,186
5,561
5 ,229
332
6.0-

9 ,187
5,439
5,182
256
4.7

9,191
5,536
5 , 104
432
7.8

9 , 186
5,652
5 ,277
375

6.6

9 , 186
5,633
5,242
391
6.9

9,186
5,559
5,206
353
6.4

9,186
5,497
5,149
348
6.3

9,187
5,459
5,180
279
5.1

11 , 8 0 6
7,994
7 ,489
505
6.3

1 1 ,980
8,215
7,489
726

11,996
8,254
7 ,535
719
8.7

11 , 8 0 6
8,049
7 ,489
560
7.0

11,931
8,068
7 ,328
740
9.2

11,946
8 ,130
7 ,400
730
9.0

11,963
8,241
7 ,460
781
9.5

1 1,980
8,245
7,461
784
9.5

11,996
8,303
7,507
796
9.6

Unemployed
Unemployment rata

Unemployment rate

Civilian noninatltutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rata —

6.0

8. 1

13,430
12,570
860
6.4

6.0

Taxaa
Civilian noninatltutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed.

I Bureau of Leber HeHetles' estimates i
Federal fund allocation programs.




I in the administration of

«The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, Identical numbers
appeer in the unadjueted and the seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Revised seasonal factors are not yet available for State data. The seasonally adjusted series
will be revised for the release of January data on February 6.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Persons not in labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Reason, mx, and race

Total not in labor force .
Do not want a job now .
Going to school.
Current activity :
Ill, disabled . . .
Keeping house .
Retired
Other
Want a job now
Reason not looking:

School attendance....
Ill health, disability . . .
Home responsibilities..
Think cannot get a job.
Job-market factors1.
Personal factors3. . .
Other reasons3

1 986

1 985

1 986

1985

IV

IV

IV

62,867

62,908

6 2 , 754

62, 817

6 2 , 693

6 2 , 664

6 2 , 807

57,019
8,048
3,816
26,738
14,970
3,447

57,219
8,075
3,773
25,907
15,781
3,683

56,
6,
3,
26,
15,
4,

57,
6,
4,
26,
15,
4,

56,
6,
4,
26,
15,
4,

56 , 8 6 5
6 , 1 89
4 , 087
26 , 1 76
15, 885
4, 528

5 7 , 013
6 , 330
3, 928
26 , 000
16 , 0 6 9
4 , 686

5 , 980
1 ,578
903
1 ,203
1 , 1 50
736
414
1 , 1 45

5 , 808
1 ,427
746
1 , 347
1 , 127
851
277
1 , 160

5,847
1 ,432
930
1 ,283
1 , 149
744
406
1 ,053

5,690
1 ,378
817
1 ,277
1 , 120
794
326
1 ,097

II

I

744
316
969
839
234
386

1 93
249
189
796
1 33
826

5 , 961
1 ,483
854
1 , 360
1 , 158
792
365
1 , 1 07

5 , 789
1 ,416
835
1 , 365
1 , 1 07
765
343
1 , 065

838
513
040
487
326
471

5, 882
1 , 379
898
1 , 31 1
1 ,1 1 9
761
358
1 , 1 75

I I I

IV

Total not in labor force . . .

20,470

20,773

2 0 , 155

2 0 , 225

2 0 ,,347

20, 460

2 0 ,,454

Do not want a job now .

18,529

18,807

1 8 , 143

18, 350

18, 441

18, 382

1 8 ,,454

1 , 995
709
401
492
393

1 , 940
726
364
438
412

1 ,948
667
471
392
418

2, 087
824
438
425
399

2 , >026
680
359
497
490

Want a job now
Reason not looking:

School attendance....
Ill health, disability . . .
Think cannot get a job.
Other reasons9

1 ,942
679
436
474
352

1 ,965
647
396
483
440

Woman
Total not in labor force . . .

42,396

42,136

4 2 ,> 598

42, 593

4 2 , >346

4 2 , >204

4 2 ,, 3 5 4

Do not want a job now .

38,490

38,411

3 8 ,, 3 9 6

3 8 ,, 4 8 2

3 8 ,, 5 5 9

3 ,, 8 9 3
754
465
1 ,, 2 0 3
725
746

3 ,, 7 8 2
747
387
1 ,,3 4 7
630
670

3 8 , >601

3 8 ,,843

3,906
753
494
1 ,283
675
700

3,724
731
421
1 ,277
637
658

3 , >966
774
453
1 ,, 3 6 0
666
713

3 ,, 8 4 9
690
471
1 >
, 365
669
653

Total not in labor force . . .

53,778

53,668

53 , 6 6 8

53 , 7 6 7

53 , 6 7 4

53 ,51 1

53 , 5 6 4

Do not want a job now .

49,528

49,575

49 , 3 1 7

49 , 5 0 6

49 , 3 8 7

49 , 2 0 8

49 , 3 6 7

4 ,265
994
625
1 ,020
749
876

4 ,352
975
618
1 ,032
741
985

4 ,298
1 ,065
625
898
780
931

4 ,217
975
536
975
817
914

7 ,274

7 ,238

7 ,423

7 ,405

6 ,027

6 ,020

1 ,425
460
248
263
275
179

1 ,423
381
192
318
291
241

Want a job now
Reason not looking:

School attendance....
Ill health, disability . . .
Home responsibilities. .
Think cannot get a job.
Other reasons

3 ,, 9 3 3
71 1
426
1 ,i 3 1 1
727
/57

Whit*

Want a job now
Reason not looking:

School attendance
Ill health, disability . . .
Home responsibilities. .
Think cannot get a job.
Other reasons

Total not in labor force . . .
Do not want a job now .
Want a job now
Reason not looking:

1
3

School attendance - - *
III health, disability . . .
Home responsibilities. .
Think cannot get a job .
Other reasons

4,251
1 ,007
652
971
765
855

4,094
937
583
940
772
862

4 ,382
1 ,052
604
1 ,009
808
910

7,367

7,449

7 ,317
A

5,973

6,056

5 ,930

5 ,947

5 ,937

1 ,394
351
259
260
357
167

1,393
380
209
281
302
221

1 ,397
348
235
295
345
1 74

1 ,353
386
21 1
287
321
147

1 ,299
333
220
270
296
1 80

Job market factors include "could not find job" and "thinks no job available."
Personal factors include "employers think too young or old," 'lacks education or training," and




.

"other personal handicap."
9
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of home responsibilities.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data have been revised based on the experience through December 1986.

ESTABLISHMENT OATA

ESTABLISH MINT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec .
1985

Total
Total private
Goods-producing

Construction
General building contractors

Nov.
1986

p

Dec.
1986

p

Dec .
1985

Aug.
1986

Sept.
1986

Oct.
1986

No v . p
1986

Dec . p
1 986

99 , 5 46

101,595

101,874

101 , 9 9 1

98,910

1 0 0 ,, 2 8 3

1 0 0 ,, 5 6 0

100 ,,826

101 ,, 0 6 5

101 ,, 3 3 4

82,686

84,554

84,661

84,810

82 , 2 8 1

83 ,, 6 5 5

83 ,, 7 8 6

83 , 956

8 4 , ,1 68

8 4 , 384

24,894

25 , 256

25,106

24,854

24,977

2 4,, 8 8 8

2 4 ,, 8 5 8

2 4 ,j 8 6 5

2 4 ,, 8 9 5

2 4 ,, 9 3 2

738
421 .7

901
560

753
431

743
422

7 46
423

743
421

5,271
4,934
4,721
5 ,1 43
1 , 278 . 0 1 , 3 6 0 . 7 1 , 337 . 3 1 , 2 8 7 . 2

4,787
1 ,287

5 ,01
,
2
1 ,.3 0 6

5 ,010
1 ,.3 0 1

5 ,,001
1 ,,3 0 2

4,, 9 9 3
1 ,,3 0 5

901
569 . 7

Mining
Oil and gas extraction

Oct.
1986

7 47
422 . 7 |

7 47
424. 4

738
41 4
5 ,004
1 ,,2 9 6

workers

19,272
13 , 0 8 5

19 , 2 3 8
13 , 0 8 9

19,216
13 , 0 7 9

19 , 1 8 2
13,057

19,289
13 , 1 0 0

19 ,1 23
1 2, 9 7 1

1 9 ,, 1 0 5
1 2 , ,9 6 0

1 9 ,,1 1 8
1 2 ,97
. 4

19 ,,1 59
1 3 , ,0 2 2

19 , 1 90
1 3 , ,0 6 5

Durable goods
Production workers

1 1 ,457
7 ,592

11 , 3 1 2
7 ,478

11,310
7 , 48 4

11,299
7 , 481

11 , 461
7 ,595

1 1, 3 0 2
7 , 458

1 1 , 2, 7 1
7 ,, 438

1 1,2
, 66
7 ,. 435

11 ,: 2 8 3
7 ,. 456

11 , 2 9 8
7 , 479

696 . 5
498 . 8
585 . 4
796 . 6
299 . 5
1 , 459 . 2
2,136.5
2,184.0
2 ,008 .9
881 . 2
725 .6
365 . 5

7 50 . 3
503 . 3
601 . 6
7 43 . 2
266 . 3
1 , 439 . 0
2 ,037 .2
2,169.5
1,982.8
829 . 0
711.8
37 3 . 4

741 . 6
505 . 2
595 . 3
7 45 . 4
265 .1
1 , 437 . 2
2 , 0 3 1 .7
2,166.7
2 , 0 0 3 .1
842 . 3
710.0
37 3 . 3

735 .8
506 .1
586 . 0
7 47 . 2
267 . 5
1,434.6
2,033.7
2,163.9
2,012.3
846 . 2
711.4
367 . 9

710
49 4
593
803
303
1 , 456
2,133
2,182
1 ,998
872
725
367

729
49 9
592
751
272
1 , 429
2 ,072
2 ,168
1 ,985
839
713
364

734
500
594
7 49
270
, 433
,044
,162
,979
834
713
363

737
500
590
7 49
272
,. 429
,039
,167
,979
824
713
363

7 42
500
590
752
271
1 , 429
2 ,036
2 ,165
1 ,995
837
709
365

7 ,815
5,493

7 ,926
5,611

7 ,883
5,576

7 ,828
5,505

7 ,821
5 ,513

7 ,834
5 ,522

7 ,852
5 ,539

7 ,876
5 ,566

7 ,892
5 ,586

1 ,623
64 1
702
1 , 1 30
686
1 ,457
1 ,035
169
798
164

1 ,642
59
711
1 , 1 0 8 |j
685
1 , 481
1 ,026
163
794
152

1 ,644
60
709
1 ,110
691
1 ,48 5
1 ,025
162
797
151

1 ,644
59
711
1 ,113
694
1 , 491
1 ,023
161
805
151

1 ,654
61
717
1 ,113
695
1 , 493
1 ,023
160
809
151

1 ,651
58
719
1 ,124
698
1 , 496
1 ,022
160
813
151

Manufacturing
Production

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production
workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

"..

1 ,612.4
67 . 0
702 .3
1,124.4
685 . 5
1 1 , 46 5 . 6
j 1,032.9
1
167.4
1
793.7
164.0

7,906
5,595

1 ,691 .5 1 ,666 .8
62 . 4
64.4
719.5
716.6
1,123.2 1,119.8
695 . 5
694.4
I , 489 .7 1 , 498 . 6
1 , 0 2 2 . 4 1 , 0 2 0 .7
159.8
161.7
808 . 4
807 . 8
154.0
153.8

74,652

76 , 3 3 9

76 , 7 6 8

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5 ,307
3,076
2,231

5,366
3 ,1 44
2,222

5,373
3 ,1 40
2,233

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

5,815
3 , 459
2 ,356

5 ,888 1
3 , 492
2,396;

5,881
3,495
2,386

Service-producing

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services
Health services
Government
Federal
State
Local

p = preliminary.




18 , 2 0 1
2,615.9
2 ,907 .8
1 ,908 .9
5 ,7 49 . 6

|

1 ,641 .5
61 . 0
720 .2
1,119.6
697 .8
1,504.5
1 , 0 2 0 .1
157.6
809 .0
151.2

1
2
2
1

7 5, 3 9 5

75 , 7 0 2

75 , 9 6 1

76 , 1 7 0

5 ,389
3 ,1 58
2,231

5,277
3 ,046
2,231

5

,255
3 ,063
2 ,192

5 ,316
3 ,088
2 ,228

5 ,316
3 ,094
2 ,222

5 , 3 48
3 ,115
2 ,233

5 ,358
3 ,127
2 ,231

5 ,862
3,487
2,375

5 ,809
3 , 460
2 ,349

5 ,863
3 , 48 5
2 ,378

5 ,859
3 , 48 5
2 ,374

5 ,864
3 , 489
2 ,375

5 ,864
3 , 49 2
2 :, 3 7 2

5 ,855
3 , 487
2 ,: 3 6 8

18
2
2
1
5

,030
,359
,951
,962
,923

18
2
2
1
5

,065
,362
,952
,970
,948

6,095
3,053
1 ,868
1,174

6
3
1
1

,364
,: 1 9 2
,.9 5 2
,,2 2 0

6
3
1
1

,388
,: 2 0 2
,,9 6 2
,,2 2 4

6,395
3 , 202
1 ,967
1,226

6 , 416
3,215
1 ,978
1 ,223

22 , 3 8 9
4,651 .5
6,410.5

23,452
4,957 .2
6,677.1

23,444
4,966.6
6 ,682 .9

16 , 8 6 0'
17,041
2,876
2 ,902
3,974> | 4,050
9,984*
10,115

17,213i
2,879
4,084i
10,250i

1
2
2
1

73,933

77,137

1 8 , 7 8 7 17 , 6 2 2
18,441
18,197
2,317
2 , 3 9 0 . 4 2 , 5 1 0 . 2 2 , 6 2 9 .6
2,870
2 , 9 7 1 . 7 3 , 0 0 4 . 7 3 , 0 40 . 0
1 ,922
1 , 9 7 4 . 5 1 , 9 7 0 .5 1 ,967 .9
5,801
5,987.7 5,956.6 5,992.9

6 ,080
3,051
1 ,866
1,163

1
2
2
1

7 49
501
593
753
271
, 430
,032
,162
,998
835
7 1 1
369

6 , 450
3,234
1 ,988
1 ,228
23,468
4,989.5
6,713.0
17,181
2,889
4,065
10,227

18 ;,1 43
2 ,379
2 ,963
1 ,,9 7 3
5 ,982

18
2
2
1
6

,186
,359
,969
,.9 7 6
,005

, 409
,. 2 1 2
,971
,
,,2 2 6

6
3
1
1

,431
,221
,,9 8 0
,,2 3 0

6
3
1
1

76 , 402

1 8, 1 8 7
2 ,,3 3 1
2 ,977
1 ,,9 8 2
6 ,: 0 4 7
6
3
1
1

, 466
,237
, 990
,,2 3 9

22 , 5 0 1
4,631
6 , 424

23 , 2 5 5
4,, 8 4 8
6 ,634

2 3 ,, 3 0 0
4,, 8 8 3
6 ,,6 49

23 ,, 3 5 9
4,, 9 0 8
6 ,,677

23 ,, 444
4,,927
6 , 690

23 ,, 5 8 6
4,, 9 7 0
• 6 ,, 7 2 6

16 , 6 2 9
2,913
3,904
9,812

1 6 ,j6 2 8
2 ,875
3 ,919
9 , 834

16 ,,77 4
2 ,,901
3 ,, 9 3 2
9 ,,941

1 6 ,,8 7 0
2 , ,896
3 , ,959
1 0 , ,015

1 6 ,,8 9 7
2 ,,899
3 , 969
1 0 ,029
,

1 6 ,,9 5 0
2 ,,901
3 , 993
1 0 , ,056

OATA

ESTABLISHMENT

ESTABLISH MINT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
')ec,
1 985

Oct .
1986

Nov .
1986 P

Dec .
1986 P

Dec .
1985

Aug .
1986

Sept .
1986

Oct .
1 986

Nov .
1 986 P

Dec .
1 986 P

2

34. 7

34. 7

34. 9

34.9

34.8

34.7

34.7

34.8

34.6

Mining

43 8

42 . 2

41 . 7

42 . 2

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Construction

36 9

38 . 0

36 . 6

37 . 0

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Manufacturing
Overtime hours

41 7
3 8

40. 8
3. 5

41 . 0
3 .6

41 . 7
3 .9

40.9
3.6

40 . 8
3.5

40 . 8
3.5

40 .7
3.5

40 .8
3.5

40 . 9
3.6

Durable goods
Overtime hours

42 5
4. 1

41 . 3
3 .6

41 . 6
3. 7

42 . 4
4. 1

41 . 6
3.7

41 . 4
3.5

41 . 4
3.6

41 . 3
3.6

41 . 4
3.6

41 . 4
3.7

40 2
41 1
41 7
42 .,6
42 .,0
4 2 . ,6
42 .,9
4 2 . .2
4 4 . ,2
4 5 . .3
42 ..6
40 ..7

40 .,5
40 ., 4
42 .,7
41 .,9
41 .,5
41 .,3
41 .,5
40 .,9
42 .,0
42 ., 1
4 0 . .9
39 ..8

40 . 3
4 0 . ,1
41 .,9
42 .,4
42 .,1
41 .,5
41 . 9
41 .,3
42 .,5
42 ..5
41 .5
.
40 ..2

40 . 5
41 .,0
42 .,1
43 .,5
43 .,7
4 2 . ,3
42 .,8
42 .,0
43 .,6
4 4 . ,0
42 ..6
40 ..7

40 . 2
39 .9
41 . 8
42.1
41 .9
41 . 6
41 .7
41 . 1
43 . 0
44.0
41 .6
(2)

40 . 2
39 . 9
42.5
41 . 9
41 . 5
41 . 2
41 .7
41 . 2
42 . 6
42 . 8
41 . 0
(2)

40 . 1
40 . 0
42.5
42 . 0
41 . 6
41 . 5
41 .7
41 . 2
42 . 6
42 .7
40 .7
(2)

40 . 3
39 . 8
42 .3
42 . 3
42 . 3
41 . 2
41 .6
40 . 9
42 . 1
42 . 1
41 . 1
(2)

40 .7
39 .7
41 .9
42 . 4
42 . 5
41 . 4
41 .7
40 . 9
42.3
42.5
41 . 2
(2)

40 . 4
39 .7
42 . 2
43.0
43 .7
41 . 3
41 . 6
40 . 9
42 . 3
42 . 6
41 . 6
(2)

40 ..5
3 ., 5

40 ..0
3.. 5

4 0 . .3
3 .6
.

40 ..7
3..6

40 . 0
3.4

40 . 0
3 . 4

39.9
3.3

39.9
3.4

40 . 1
3.5

40 . 1
3.5

40 ,.7
38 ,. 1
41 .5
,
37 ,.1
4 4 , .3
38 ,.8
42,.5
43,.7
42 ..0
37 . 9

40
39
41
36
43
38
41
43
41
36

4 0 . .1
38 ,. 4
42 ,.0
37 ,.2
43 ,. 4
38 ,.3
42 ,.7
43 ,.8
41 .7
,
37 . 1

40 ..5
3 8 , .2
42 ,.3
37 ,.5
4 4 , .0
38 ,.7
43 ,.0
43 ,.9
42,.2
37 . 9

40 . 1
(2)
41 . 0
36 . 8
43 . 5
38 . 1
42 . 0
43 . 6
(2)
(2)

40 . 3
(2)
41 . 4
36 . 5
43 . 5
38 . 0
42 . 1
44.3
(2)
(2)

39.7
(2)
41 . 6
36 . 7
43 . 0
38 . 0
42 . 0
43 . 4
(2)
(2)

39 . 8
(2)
41 . 5
36 .7
43 . 0
38 . 0
42 . 2
43 .7
(2)
(2)

39.9
(2)
41 . 6
36 . 9
43 . 2
38 . 0
42 . 6
43.7
(2)
(2)

39.9
(2)
41 . 8
37 . 1
43 , 2
38 . 0
42 . 5
43 . 8
(2)
(2)

Transportation and public utilities

39 .7

39 .1

39 .3

39 . 2

39.5

39.1

38 . 9

39.1

39 . 3

39 . 0

Wholesale trade

38 . 6

38 . 4

38 . 4

38 . 4

38 . 4

38 . 4

38 . 2

38 . 4

38 . 3

38 . 2
28.8

Total private

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goqfls
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

35

.0
,.1
.7
,
,.9
,.1
,.1
.9
,
.8
., 4
.8

i

Retail trade

29 . 8

29 . 0

29 . 0

29 . 4

29 . 2

29.2

29.2

29.1

29.2

Finance, insurance, and real estate

36 . 7

36 . 6

36 . 8

36 . 5

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.5

32.4

Services

32 . 5

32 . 4

1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private
nonagricultural payrolls.




32 . 4

32 . 4

32.5

32 . 4

32.3

32.4

2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot
be separated with sufficient precision,
p = preliminary.

OATA

ESTABLISHMENT

ESTABLISH MINT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry

Average hourly earnings

Averege weekly earnings

Industry
)ec .
1985

Oct.
1986

Nov .
1 986 P

Dec.
1986

$ 8 . 71
8 . 70

$ 8 . 81
8 . 80

$ 8 . 86
8 . 85

$ 8 . 85
8 . 84

Total private

Seasonally adjusted

P

Oct .
1986

Dec .
1985

Nov .
1986

$306 . 59 $305 . 71
305 . 36
303 . 63

P

Dec .
1986

P

$307 . 44 $308 . 87
305 . 86
307 . 98

Mining

1 2 .27

1 2 . 51

1 2 .57

1 2 .64

537 . 43

527 . 92

52 4 . 1 7

533 . 41

Construction

1 2 .47

1 2 .62

1 2 .59

1 2 .71

460 . 1 4

479 . 56

460 . 79

470 . 27

9 . 74

9 . 72

9 . 77

9 . 86

406 . 1 6

396 . 58

40 0 . 57

41 1 .I 6

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

10 . 34
8 . 35
7 . 38
9 . 95
1 1 84
.
1 3 . 44
9 . 91
1 0 .55
9 . 68
1 3 ,06
.
1 3 .81
9 .,39
7 ., 48

1 0 . 28
8 . 37
7 . 50
10 . 10
1 1 84
.
1 3 .78
9 . 86
10 . 56
9 . 72
1 2 ,87
.
1 3 ,. 49
9 .,54
7 .,60

1 0 . 33
8 . 39
7 . 51
1 0 .1 2
.
1 1 88
1 3 .77
9 . 93
10 . 59
9 . 74
1 2 ,91
.
1 3 .51
9 .,61
7 . 63

10 . 44
8 . 41
7 . 60
10 . 1 5
1 1 98
.
1 3 . 92
10 . 03
10 .,68
9 . 87
1 3 . ,05
1 3 ,70
.
9 .,69
7 ,71
.

439 . 45
335 . 67
303 . 32
41 4 . 92
5 0 4 . 38
5 6 4 . 48
422 . 17
452 . 60
408 . 50
577 .,25
625 . 59
400 .,01
3 0 4 . ,44

4 2 4 . 56
338 . 99
303 . 00
431 . 27
496 . 10
571 . 87
407 . 22
438 .,24
397 . 55
5 40 ,54
.
567 .,93
390 .,19
302 ., 48

429 . 73
338 . 1 2
301 . 1 5
4 2 4 . 03
503 . 71
579 . 72
41 2 .10
443 . 72
402 . 26
5 48 .,68
57 4 .,18
398 .,82
306 .,73

442 . 66
3 40 . 61
3 1 1 . 60
427 . 32
521 . I 3
608 . 30
424 . 27
45 7 . I 0
41 4 . 54
568 . 98
602 .,80
.
41 2 ,79
3 1 3 . ,80

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

8 ..87
8 .,71
1 1 ,78
,
6 .,83
5 .80
.
1 1 ,07
.
9 ..92
1 1 .85
.
1 4,. 2 4
8 .73
,
5 .83
,

8 . .95
8 ..68
.
1 2 .10
7 .,04
5,.82
.
1 1 ,20
10..08
1 2 .08
.
1 4,.18
8 .76
,
5 .92
,

9 ..00
8 .,78
1 2 ,62
.
7 ,07
.
5 .83
.
1 1 ,18
.
10.. 1 1
1 2 .14
.
1 4,.33
8 .80
,
5 .99
,

9 ..05
8 ..85
1 3 .04
.
7 .12
.
5 .86
.
1 1 .24
.
10 ..12
1 2 .19
.
1 4,.45
8 ., 8 4
5 .95
,

359 ..24
3 5 4 . ,50
448 .,82
283 ., 45
21 5 .18
.
490 .. 40
38 4..90
503 ..63
622 ,.29
366 ,.66
220 . 9 6

358 ..00
3 47 .20
.
473 .. 1 1
293 ..57
21 4..76
482 ..72
384, .05
506 ,.15
621 .08
362 .66
217 . 8 6

362 ..70
3 5 2 . .08
48 4..61
296 ..94
216 ..88
485 ..21
387 ..21
5 1 8 . . 38
627 ,.65
366 .96
222 . 2 3

368 ..34
358 .. 43
498.. 1 3
301 ..18
219 ,.7 5
49 4,.56
391 ., 6 4
524, .17
63 4,.36
373 . 0 5
225 . 5 1

1 1.61
,

,
1 1.68

11..77

11 .76

460 ,.92

456 .69

462 . 5 6

460 . 9 9

Wholesale trade

9 .33
,

9 .35
,

9 ., 5 4

9 .54

360 .1 4

359 . 0 4

366 . 3 4

366 . 3 4

Retell trade

5 .99

6 .04

6 .06

6 .02

178 . 5 0

175 . 1 6

175 . 7 4

176 .99

Finance, insurance, and real estete

8 .1 5

8 .38

8 .56

8 .52

299 .1 1

306 . 7 1

315 . 0 1

310 . 9 8

269 .57

269 . 2 4

Msnufscturing

Transportation snd public utilitiss

8 .22

8 .12

1

See footnote 1, table B-2.

8 .32

263 . 9 0

8 .31

266 . 3 3

p = preliminary.

Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Not sessonslly sdjustsd

Industry

Total private nonfarm:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Mining
Construction
Msnufscturing
Transportation and public utilities .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and
rssl eststs
Services
1
2
3
4

Dec.
1985

Oct.
1986

Nov .
1 986p

Dec .
1 986p

168 .,2
94. 4
181 .,7
151 ..7
171 .,3
170 . 1
1 7 2 . ,2
1 57 .0
.

170.0
94.9
181 . 4
154.0
172.6
171 .3
172.6
i 58 .7

171.0
95 . 4
182.5
1 53.3
173.1
172.4
175.8
1 58 .9

171.2
N.A.
182.8
154.3
17 4 . 0
172.6
175.7
1 58 .1

1 7 6 . ,2
1 7 2 . ,8

180.7
175.5

184.0
17 7 . 2

183.3
177.1

Ssssonally sdjustsd
Parcant
changa
from:
Dec.
1 985Dec .
1986

_

Dec .
1985

Aug .
1 986

Sept .
1986

Oct.
1 986

Nov.
1 986p

Dec .
1 986p

1 .8
(2)
.6
1 .7
1 .6
1 .5
2.1
.7

167.7
94.0
(4)
1 51 .2
171.0
1 69 .1
(4)
1 57 .5

169.3
95.1
(4)
151 .3
172.9
170.1
(4)
1 58 .5

169.6
95.0
(4)
151.2
172.8
170.8
(4)
1 59 .1

170.0
95.1
(4)
152.6
173.1
170.9
(4)
1 59 .1

170.9
95 . 4
(4)
1 53.9
173.1
171.4
(4)
1 59 .3

170.8
N.A.
(4)
1 53.3.
173.7
171 .6
(4)
158.5

4.0
2.5

(4)
171.6

(4)
174.3

(4)
174.4

(4)
175.3

(O
176.7

(4)
1 7 i .9

See f o o t n o t e 1 , t a b l e B - 2 .
P e r c e n t c h a n g e i s 1 . 5 p e r c e n t f r o m November 1985 t o November 1 9 8 6 , t h e l a t e s t m o n t h a v a i l a b l e .
P e r c e n t c h a n g e i s 0 . 3 p e r c e n t f r o m O c t o b e r 1986 t o November 1 9 8 6 , t h e l a t e s t m o n t h a v a i l a b l e .
These s e r i e s a r e n o t s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d s i n c e t h e s e a s o n a l c o m p o n e n t i s s m a l l r e l a t i v e t o t h e t r e n d - c y c l e
i r r e g u l a r c o m p o n e n t s and c o n s e q u e n t l y c a n n o t be s e p a r a t e d w i t h s u f f i c i e n t
precision.
N.A.
Data not a v a i l a b l e ,
p = preliminary.




Parcant
changa
from:
Nov .
1 986Dec .
1 986

-0.1
(3)
(4)
- .1
.3
.1
(4)
- .5
(4)
- .4

and/or

OATA

ESTABLISHMENT

ESTABLISH MINT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977 - 100)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total
Goods-producing

Dec .
1985

Oct .
1986

Nov .
1 986 P

Dec.
Dec .
1 986 P 1985

Aug .
1 986

118. 5

119. 7

119, .8

1 20 .7
.

116. 8

118. 4

1 00 .3

101 . 0

99 ,.9

100 ..1

99 . 3

98 . 9

Mining

10 4 . 3

82 . 7

Construction

1 23 .4

1 43 .9

C

Sept .
1 986

Oct.
1986

Nov .
1 986 P

Dec .
1 986

1 18. 3

118. 6

119. .3

119. 0

98 . 7

98 . 5

98 .,9

99 . 2

P

82 ,.0

81 .6
.

102. 8

83 . 0

61 . 2

82 . 1

81 .5
.

80 . 3

1 3 4 .. 4

1 29 . 1

1 26 .4

134. 0

134. 2

133. 0

1 32 .1
.

1 32 .7

95 6

93 . 6

9 4 ,. 1

94. 0

92 . 9

92 . 7

92 . 6

93 ,.2

93 . 6

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

94. 7
95 8
109 9
85 . 0
67 . 7
55 . 4
93 . 6
93 . 1
107 . 3
102 . 8
96. 2
109 . 0
82 . 1

90 . 7
104. 0
1 09 .5
90 . 3
61 . 1
47 . 6
89 . 5
84. 9
102. 8
94. 8
82 . 8
103. 3
83 . 9

91 ., 4
102,.0
109 ,. 4
87 ,.7
62 ,.1
47 .7
,
90 ,.1
85 ,. 4
103 ,.9
97 ,. 4
85 ,.2
105,.2
84,.7

93 ..1
101 ..7
1 1 1 . .8
86 ..3
6 4 . .0
50,.2
91 .7
.
87 ,.5
1 0 5 . .7
,
1 00 .5
88 ..8
108 ,.4
8 4 , .5

92 . 7
97 . 8
105 . 5
86. 5
67 . 6
56. 3
91 . 2
90 . 3
104. 4
99 . 0
92 . 8
106. 3
81 . 3

90 . 7
99 . 9
1 07 .1
88 . 1
61 . 9
49 . 0
88 . 5
87 . 5
103 . 2
95 . 9
84. 8
104. 5
80 . 1

90 . 5
100 . 5
1 07 .6
88 . 3
61 . 8
48 . 4
89 . 4
85 . 8
102. 9
95 . 9
84. 4
103 . 5
79 . 9

90 . 1
101 . 4
1 07 .3
87 . 3
62 . 2
49 . 7
88. 6
85 . 3
102 . 3
94. 9
82 . 1
104. 2
79 . 9

90 ,.6
103 ,.1
1 06 .8
,
86 ,. 5
62 ,.7
49 ,.5
89 ,.1
85,, 2
,
1 02 .6
96 ,. 4
8 4 , .6
104,.2
81 .3
,

91 . 0
103 . 3
1 06 .8
87 . 9
63 . 8
50 . 9
89 . 3
84. 9
102. 7
96 . 4
84. 5
105 . 8
83 . 3

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products

97 . 0
98 . 8
89 . 6 |
78 . 7
87 . 4
103 . 7
1 29 .7
94. 7
79 . 8
113. 1
64. 0

97 .,8
103 . 5
8 9 .,4
81 ..0
87 . 2
102 .,2
1 30 .0
92 . 9
8 0 . ,6
114. 2
58 .,0

98 .2
102 ,.0
8 5 .1
,
81 .9
,
87 ,.6
103 ,.2
131 .6
,
9 4 ,. 4
79 ,.6
115, .1
58 ,.6

98,.8
100 ,.9
81 .2
,
82 ,.7
88 ,.3
105 ,.5
134,.0
9 4 , .9
79,.5
116, . 4
58 ,.7

95 . 8
98 . 2
84. 5
77 . 7
87 . 2
101 . 8
1 26 .3
93 . 9
80 . 8
111. 6
63 . 3

96. 1
100 . 1
72 . 2
79 . 6
85 . 0
101 ..6
1 28 .6
94. 0
81 . 3
112. 6
56 .,9

96 . 0
98 . 9
76. 6
79 . 6
85 . 6
101 . 2
1 28 .9
93 . 4
78 . 9
113. 4
56 . 6

96. 3
99 . 0
77 . 5
79 . 9
85. 9
102. 0
1 29 .7
93 . 7
79 . 4
113. 5
5 6 . ,8

97 ,.1
1 00 ., 4
78 .9
80 ,.9
86 . 4
1 02 .7
1 29 .7
94,.6
79 . 4
114,.8
56 .9

97 ..6
100 .,2
75 .,9
81 .,6
87 .,8
103 .,7
1 30 ,5
.
9 4 . ,2
80 ., 4
1 1 4 . ,9
58 .,1

1 29 .2

1 29 .7

1 30 .5

1 29 ,9
.

106 . 6

107 .,3

108 .6

108 .,3

Manufacturing

Service-producing

95 .. 4

1 28 .6

1 30. 1

1 30 .8
,

132, .0

1 26 .5

1 29 .2

Transportation and public utilities

109 . 4

108 . 3

109 ,.3

109 ,.5

108 . 1

105 . 7

Wholesale trade

1 20 .1

1 20 ,8
.

1 20 ., 4

1 20 .0
,

119. 1

1 20 .2

119. 3

1 1 9 . ,8

119 .6

1 1 9 . ,0

Retail trade

1 23.2

1 1 9 . ,7

121 .5

125,. 4

116. 5

1 1 9 . ,3

1 1 9 . ,6

1 1 9 . ,7

1 20 . 3

1 1 8 . ,6

c

Finance, insurance, and real estate

i
I

133. 4

1 39 .3

1 40 .6

1 40 .3
,

133. 5

1 39 ,1
.

.
1 38 ,7

1 39 ,7
.

1 41 .5

1 40 ,2
.

Services

1 1 41 .5

1 47 ,4
.

1 47 .3
,

1 47 .,4

1 42 .3

1 46 ,. 4

1 46 ,0
.

1 46 ,8
.

1 47 .9

1 48 ,2
.

1

See footnote 1, table B-2.

p = preliminary.
C = corrected.

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased
Time
span

Jan.

Year

i

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

June

May

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

63 ,.0
61 .9
,
55 ,. 1

Nov.

Dec.

53 ..5
57 ..6
p61 .1
,

57 .,0
59 .,5
p6 2 . 4

58 ,.1
61 ., 4
p65 ,.1

53 ,.0
60,.5

Over
1-month
span

1 984
1 985
1986

67 . 8
52 . 4
59 . 7

72,

.7
47 ..8
53 ,.5

67 ,.6
53 ..8
45..1

67 ..6
49 ..2
54,.1

62 ., 4
51 ..6
49 ..2

65 . 4
47 . 0
46 . 2

62 ..2
56 ,.2
54..6

55 ..9
56 ..8
54..3

50. 5
50 . 8
54. 9

Over
3-month
span

1 984
1 985
1 986

76 . 5
51 . 1
58. 1

75 ,.1
49 ,.7
54,.3 |i

7 5 , .9
46 ,.2
•.1

71 . 4
46 ,.2
49 ,.7

71 ..6
45 ..1
48 ..4

68 . 1
51 . 4
44. 9

63,.2
49 ,.7
47 .3
,

58 ,.1
51 .1
,
. 5 4 , .1

56 . 8
55 . 1
54. 9

53 ,.5
55 ,.9
p60 ,.3

Over
6-month
span

1 984
1 985
1 986

78.1
49 . 2
53 . 8

76 ,.5
47 ,.8 ! !
53 ,.8

77,.0
43,.0
47 .6
,

75 ,.1
45 ,.9
45 ,.9

69 ..2
44,.3
45 ,.9

6 5 . ,1
44. 3
48 .,6

63,.2
48 .9
,
49 .7
,

59 ,.2
50,.8
p5 4,.9

58 . 6
54. 1
p60 . 5

53,.2
57 ,.0

49 .7
,
57 ,.0

54,.9
55 ..9

Over
12-month
span

1984
1 985
1 986

81 . 1
46 . 2
50. 3

78 ,.1
45 .7
,
51 .1
,

72 ,.2
46,.8
52 ,.2

72 ,.2
43,.8
52 ,. 4

68 ,.9
44,.9
p53, .2

67 .,8
47 .,3
P 5 3 . ,5

65 ,.7
47 .6

62 ,.7
48 .9

59 . 7
47 . 3

54,.6
49 .5
,

51 .,4
48 .9
,

48 . 6
48 .6

!

1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3, and 6 month spans, on payrolls of 185
private nonagricultural industries. Data for the 12-month span are unadjusted.

p = preliminary.




NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged components are counted as rising.) Data are centered within the spans.