Full text of The Employment Situation : December 1981
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News
Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
- 2 In addition to the sharp unemployment increase in December, the number of persons working
part time for economic reasons rose 360,000 to a record 5.4 million. Most of this increase
occurred among persons who usually work full time but experienced a curtailment in their
workweek. (See table A-3.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force
Contact:
Carol Leon
Debbie Sprinkle
Kathryn Hoyle
(202) 523-1944
523-1371
(202) 523-1913
523-1208
USDL 82-3
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
JANUARY 8, 1982
Advance copies of this release are made available to the press with
the explicit understanding that, prior to 9 a.m. Eastern time: (1)
Wire services will not move over their wires copy based on information
in this release, (2) electronic media will not feed such information to
member stations, and (3) representatives of news organizations will not
contact anyone outside the Bureau of Labor Statistics to ask questions
or solicit comments about information in this release.
Total employment fell by 840,000 in December to 97.2 million, contributing heavily to a 1.8
million decline since July. White men, women, and teenagers all posted sizeable declines both
over the month and since July, while employment of black workers was little changed over these
periods.
Adult men accounted for 55 percent of the decline over the 5-month period. The
employment-population ratio dropped for the seventh month in a row to 57.3 percent in December;
this was the lowest percentage in over 4 years. (See tables A-l and A-2.)
The civilian labor force declined by 380,000 in December, as the large employment drop
exceeded the rise in unemployment. White women and teenagers were the only groups with a labor
force decline. Over the year, however, the labor force was up by 1.5 million, with white women
accounting for three-fourths of the growth.
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
DECEMBER 1981
Unemployment rose sharply in December and employment continued to decline, the Bureau of
Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. The jobless rate increased
from 8.4 percent in November to 8.9 percent in December; it had been 7.0 percent in July and 8.0
percent in October.
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—fell in December to 97.2
million.
Since July, employment has declined by 1.8 million. Nonfarm payroll employment—as
measured by the monthly survey of establishments—dropped by 295,000 in December, the third
consecutive monthly decline.
Category
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force..
Discouraged workers
Unemployment
The Nation's unemployment rate rose 0.5 percentage point in December to 8.9 percent; since
July, the rate has increased by nearly 2 full percentage points. The number of unemployed
persons was close to 9.5 million, up 460,000 from November and 2.0 million since July. (See
table A-l.)
Most of the December rise in unemployment took place among adult men, whose jobless rate
rose from 7.2 to 8.0 percent, a post-World War II record high. Both white and black men shared
in the increase. The rate for all white workers moved up to 7.8 percent and that for black and
other workers edged up to 16.1 percent.
Jobless rates for adult women (7.5 percent) and
teenagers (21.7 percent) were little changed over the month. (See tables A-l and A-2.)
A large increase in joblessness took place among workers in durable goods manufacturing,
whose unemployment rate jumped from 9.4 percent in November to 11.8 percent in December.
Accordingly, the rate rose markedly for blue-collar workers, up more than a point to 12.9
percent. Full-time workers also experienced a large over-the-month increase in joblessness.
(See table A-5.)
Persons who lost their jobs as a result of layoff or permanent separation accounted for all
of the December increase in unemployment. There was little change in the number of unemployed
persons who voluntarily left their last job or entered the labor force in search of work. As is
typical during economic downturns, job losers have comprised most of the rise in unemployment
•since the beginning of the current slump this past summer. (See table A-7.)
Because of the large number of recent job losses, the over-the-month gain in unemployment
took place among persons out of work for 3 months or less.
Hence, the mean duration of
unemployment declined by about half a week to 12.8 weeks in December, following a similar
decline in November. (See table A-6.)
Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and other
Hispanic origin
Full-time workers
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing industries
Service-producing industries
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
p=preliminary.
I Quarterly averages
I
Monthly data
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I Nov. | 1980 I
1981
|
198JL
I Dec.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I change
I IV
I III I IV
| Oct. 1 Nov. | Dec. I
I
I
Thousands of persons
1105 ,173 1106,434 1106,805 1106,736 1107 ,029 1106,650|
-379
| 97,276| 98,7251 97,810| 98,217 | 98,025| 97,188|
-837
| 7,8971 7,7091 8,995| 8,520| 9,004| 9,462|
458
I 59,906| 60,2741 60,466| 60,359| 60,248| 60,7911
543
| 1,0551 1,050| 1,2011
N.A.| N.A. | N.A.I
N.A.
I
I
I
|
I
I
I
I
I
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
i
7.5|
6.3|
6.7|
18.3 |
6.6|
14.1|
10.21
I
7.2|
5.9|
6.61
18.7 |
6.2|
14.61
9.6|
|
7.3|
6.9|
Percent of labor
I
I
8.41
8.01
7.3|
6.7|
7.3|
7.01
21.3 | 20.6|
7.4|
6.9|
15.71 15.51
11.2| 10.91
8.21
7.7|
force
I
8.41
7.2|
7.3|
21.8|
7.4|
15-51
11.6|
I
8.9|
8.0|
7.5|
21.7 |
7.8|
16.1|
11.1|
8.1|
8.7|
I
!
!
I
I
I
j
I
I
Thousands of jobs
| 90,820| 91,938|91,512p| 91,832|91,499p|9i,206p|
| 25,594| 25,933|25,408p| 25,662|25,411p|25,151p|
I 65,227| 66,005|66,104p| 66,170|66,088p|66,055p|
I
I
\
I
I
\
I
I
I
I
I
.....|
I
I
35.31
39.8|
2.91
j
0.5
0.8
0.2
-0.1
0.4
0.6
-0.5
0.6
-293p
-260p
-33p
Hours of work
I
I
I
I
I
35.11 35.0p|
35.01 35.0p| 34.9p| -O.lp
39.8| 39.3p|
39.5| 39.3p| 39.1p| -0.2p
2.9| 2.5p|
2.7| 2.5p| 2.4p| -O.lp
I
I
I
!
\
N.A.=not available.
- 3 Discouraged Workers
The number of discouraged workers rose by about 150,000 in the fourth quarter of 1981 to 1.2
million, the highest level recorded since the current series began in 1970. (Discouraged
workers are persons who report that they want to work but are not looking for jobs because they
believe they cannot find any.) Although most discouraged workers are women, men made up more
than half of the over-the-quarter increase. More than 70 percent of the discouraged attributed
their situation to job-market factors, while the remainder cited personal factors.
(See table
A-ll.)
Industry Payroll Employment
The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls fell by 295,000 to 91.2 million in
December, the third consecutive month that the payroll job total has declined. December
employment losses were widespread; as in both October and November, gains were registered in
only one-third of the 172 industries in the BLS diffusion index of private nonfarm payroll
employment. (See tables B-l and B-6.)
Three-fourths of December's employment reduction occurred in manufacturing, with the bulk of
the decline concentrated in durable goods. Transportation equipment, machinery, electrical
equipment, primary metals, and fabricated metals posted sharp declines of roughly 30,000 each;
since September, these five industries have posted declines totaling 440,000. There were
smaller over-the-month decreases in all other durable goods industries except miscellaneous
manufacturing.
In the nondurable goods sector, an overall reduction of 50,000 jobs was
dominated by cutbacks in apparel and rubber and plastics.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing
sector, construction employment, which has been trending downward since April, fell by 35,000.
Mining employment was about unchanged in December; it had been growing since settlement of the
coal miners' strike last spring.
In the service-producing sector, employment in retail trade dropped markedly for the second
straight month, as pre-Christmas hiring was not as strong as is normally expected. The loss was
partially offset by small job increases in services and government, the only two major industry
divisions registering employment gains in December.
Hours of Work
The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls was 34.9 hours in November, down 0.1 hour over the month. In manufacturing, the
workweek dropped 0.2 hour to 39.1 hours, and factory overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 2.4 hours.
(See table B-2.) Both the factory workweek and overtime have declined markedly since their 1981
peaks in May. Workweek reductions over this 7-month period were particularly sharp in the major
metals and metal-using industries within durable goods, ranging from 1 to more than 2 hours.
Reflecting both the reduction in employment and the decreased workweek, the index of
aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls
dropped by 0.9 percent in December to 106.9 (1977=100). The factory index was down by 2.0
percent over the month.
Since July, the overall index has decreased 2.3 percent, a decline
largely attributable to a 7.4-percent drop in the manufacturing index over the same period.
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average hourly earnings increased 0.1 percent over the month, while average weekly earnings
declined 0.1 percent, seasonally adjusted. Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly
earnings edged down 1 cent in December to $7.45, 51 cents above the year-earlier level. Average
weekly earnings, at $262.24, were up by $1.14 over the month and $15.18 over the year.
(See
table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 143.3 (1977=100) in December, seasonally adjusted, 0.1
percent higher than in November.
For the 12 months ended in December, the increase (before
seasonal adjustment) was 8.1 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes
unrelated to underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing and
interindustry employment shifts. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 0.9
percent during the 12-month period ended in November. (See table B-4.)
Revisions to Household Data Series
Effective with data for January 1982, population counts derived
from the 1980 Decennial Census will be introduced into the estimation
procedures used in the Current Population Survey. Data for 1981 will
be revised based on the new census population estimates. Provisional
adjustments in the major data series for 1980 back to 1970 will also
be made and will be introduced with the release of January 1982 data.
Reseasonal adjustment to take account of the experience through
December 1981 will also take place effective with the release of
labor force data for January 1982.
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey
(establishment survey). The household survey provides
the information on the labor force, total employment,
and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of
the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on
the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information
is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation
with State agencies. The sample includes approximately
166,000 establishments: employing about 35 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In
the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the
month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of
technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable
variance in results between a survey of a sample and a
census of the entire population. Each of these factors is
explained below.
Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are
selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at
which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or
profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or
more in an enterprise operated by a member of their
family, whether they were paid or not. People are also
counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave
because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor
and management, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of
their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public
assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the survey week; they
were available for work at that time; and they made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are
persons not looking for work because they were Jaid off
and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number
employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the
civilian labor force. Table A-4 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force.
The definitions are provided in the table. The most
restrictive definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The official unemployment rate
isU-5.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment
survey only counts wage and salary employees whose
names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural
firms. As a result, there are many differences between
the two surveys, among which are the following:
— T h e household survey, although based on a
smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the
self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers;
— T h e household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed; the establishment survey
does not;
-—The household survey is limited to those 16 years
of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited
by age;
— T h e household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once;
in the establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are
described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from
Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing
of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a
large number each June, when schools close and many
young people enter the job market. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a
~year, for example, seasonality may account for as much
as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in
unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical
trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from
month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or
increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example, the large number of people entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to
determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students
finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is
made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
Measures of civilian labor force, employment, and
unemployment contain components such as age and sex.
Statistics for all employees, production workers,
average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All
these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually
yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted
figure for the civilian labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted employment components and four
seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four
unemployment components; and the official unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of
total unemployment by the estimate of the civilian labor
force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June
period and again for the July-December period. The
January revision is applied t o data that have been
published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment
are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end
of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the
estimate of the number of people employed and the
other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount
of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard
errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey,
and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than
the standard error from the results of a complete census.
The chances are 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on
the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the
standard error from the results of a complete census. At
the 90-percent level of confidence-the confidence limits
used by BLS in its analyses-the error for the monthly
change in total employment is on the order of plus or
minus 279,000; for total unemployment it is 194,000;
and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19
percentage point. These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather,
that the chances are 90 out of 100 that the " t r u e " level
or rate would not be expected to differ from the
estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced
when the data are cumulated for several months, such
as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule,
the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling
error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate
of the size of the labor force is subject to less
error than is the estimate of the number unemployed.
And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the
jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller
than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless
rate for men is .24 percentage point; for teenagers, it is
1.06 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most
current months are based on incomplete returns; for this
reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. When all the returns in the sample have been
received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data
for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final
form in December. To remove errors that build up over
time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes
can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries and allow for
the formation of new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's
employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide
variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive
statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $3.75
per issue or $31.00 per year from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of
Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey
data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, the standard errors appear
in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes."
Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision
due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables
M, P, Q, and R of that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Employment, status, sex, end age
Dec.
1980
Ho?.
1981
Dec.
1981
Dec.
AUf.
1980
1981
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
HOT.
1981
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rete
Not in labor force
167,396
2,124
165,272
104,778
63.4
97,545
58.3
3,044
94,501
7,233
6.9
60,494
169,435
2,158
167,277
106,864
63.9
98,393
58.1
3,238
95,155
8,470
7.9
60,413
169,605
2,164
167,441
106,250
63.5
97,442
57.5
2,819
94,624
8*807
8.3
61,191
167,396
2,124
165,272
105,067
63.6
97,282
58.1
3,394
93,888
7,785
7^4
60,205
168,855
2,160
166,695
106,602
64.0
98,944
58.6
3,370
95,574
7,657
7.2
60,093
169,049
2,165
166,884
106,236
63.7
98,270
58.1
3,310
94,959
7,966
7.5
60,648
169,252
2,158
167,095
106,736
63.9
98,217
58.0
3,337
94,880
8,520
8.0
60,359
169,435
2,158
167,277
107,029
64.0
98,025
57.9
3*363
94,662
9,004
8.4
60,248
80,183
1,959
78,224
59,745
76.4
55,644
6*. 4
4,100
6.9
81,136
1,974
79,162
60,334
76.2
55,668
68.6
4,666
7.7
81,216
1,980
79,236
60,243
76.0
55,027
67.8
5,216
8.7
80,183
1,959
78,224
60,254
77.0
55,920
69.7
4-, 334
7.2
80,863
T,980
78,884
60,584
76.8
56,368
69.7
4,216
7.0
80,955
1,983
78,972
60,699
76.9
56,349
69.6
4,349
7.2
81,051
1,976
79,075
60,734
76.8
56,046
69. 1
4,688
7,7
81,136
1,974
79,162
60,851
76.9
55,783
68.8
5,068
8.3
71,875
1,677
70,198
55,284
78.8
52,041
72.4
2,228
49,812
3,244
5.9
73,020
1,689
71,331
55,970
78.5
52,303
71.6
2,360
49,943
3,667
6.6
73,121
1,694
71,427
56,016
78i4
51,787
70.8
2,152
49,635
4,229
7.5
71,875
1,677
70,198
55,470
79.0
52,045
72.4
2,331
49,714
3,425
6.2
72,687
1,709
70,978
56,045
79.0
52,724
72.5
2,402
50,323
3,321
5.9
72,798
1,713
71,086
56,063
78.9
52,608
72.3
2,343
50,264
3,455
6.2
72*915
1,707
71,208
56,100
78.8
52,327
71.8
2*388
49,939
3,773
6.7
73,020
1,689
71,331
56,194
78.8
52,151
71.4
2,358
49,794
4,043
7.2
87,213
165
87,048
45,033
51.7
41,900
48.0
3,133
7.0
88,299
184
88,115
46,530
52.8
42,726
48.4
3,804
8.2
88,389
185
88 , 204
46,007
52.2
42,416
48.0
3,591
7.8
87,213
165
87,048
44,813
51.5
41,362
47.4
3,451
7.7
87,991
180
87,811
46,018
52.4
42,577
48.4
3,441
7.5
88,094
182
87,912
45,537
51.8
41,920
47.6
3,617
7.9
88,201
181
88,020
46,002
52.3
42,171
47.8
3,831
8.3
88,299
184
88,115
46,178
52.4
42,241
47.8
3,936
8.5
79,097
137
78,959
40,877
51.8
38,334
48.5
545
37,788
2,544
6.2
80,366
155
80,211
42,572
53.1
39,579
49.2
608
38,971
2,992
7.0
80,477
156
80,321
42,178
52.5
39 , 256
48.8
455
38,801
2,922
6.9
79,097
137
78,959
40,570
51.4
37,820
47.8
665
37,155
2,750
6.8
79,999
151
79,848
41,857
52.4
39,155
48.9
601
38,554
2,701
6.5
80,122
154
79,968
41,395
51.8
38,576
48.1
603
37,973
2,819
6.8
80,248
154
80,095
41,911
52,3
38,958
48.5
583
38,376
2,953
7.0
80,366
155
80,211
42,113
52.5.
39,050
48.6
655
38,395
3,062
7.3
16,424
310
16,114
8,616
53.5
7,170
43.7
270
6,901
1,445
16.8
16,049
314
15,735
8,322
52.9
6*511
40.6
270
6,241
1,811
21.8
16,008
315
15,693
8,055
51.3
6,399
40.0
212
6,188
1,656
20.6
16,424
310
16,114
9,027
56.0
7*417
45.2
398
7,01$
1,610
17.8
16,169
300
15,869
8,700
54.8
7,065
43.7
368
6,697
1,635
18.8
16,129
298
15,831
8,778
55.4
7,086
43.9
364
6,722
1,692
19.3
16,089
297
15,792
8,724
55.2
6,931
43. 1
366
6,565
1,793
20.6
16,049
314
15,735
8,722
55.4
6,823
42.5
350
6,473
1,899
21.8
Men, 16 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 yean and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 16 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Unemployed. ."
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The populetion and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted end seasonally adjusted columns.
3
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including Armed
Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
Dec.
1980
MOT.
1981
Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
Auej.
1981
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
Mov.
1981
WHITE
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-populatio* ratio 3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
146,140
1,640
144,500
92,179
63.8
86,590
59.3
5,589
6.1
147,656
1,649
146,007
93,920
64.3
87,365
59.2
6,555
7.0
147,782
1,654
146,129
93,360
63*9
86,515
58.5
6,846
7.3
146,140
1,640
144,500
92,383
63.9
86,377
59.1
6,006
6.5
147,232
1,657
145,575
93,789
64.4
88,046
59.8
5,743
6,1
49,268
79.3
46,691
73.6
2,577
5.2
49,820
79.1
46,977
73.0
2,843
5.7
49,852
79*0
46,520
72.2
3,332
6.7
49,449
79.6
46,728
73*7
2,721
5.5
49,898
79.5
47,338
73.9
2,561
5.1
49,888
79.4
47,231
73.6
2,658
5.3
49,932
79.4
46,983
73. 1
2,94 9
5.9
50,010
79.4
46,837
72.8
3,173
6.3
35,214
51.2
33,317
48.3
1,897
5.4
36,675
52.5
34,404
49.2
2,271
6.2
36,318
52-0
34,128
48.8
2,190
6.0
34,910
50.7
32,858
47.7
2,052
5.9
36,047
51.8
34,087
49.0
1,960
5.4
35,643
51.2
33,603
48.2
2,040
5.7
36, 180
51.9
33,990
48.7
2,190
6. 1
36,275
52.0
33,963
48.6
2,313
6.4
7,696
56.8
6,581
47.7
1,115
14.5
16.7
12.2
7,425
56.3
5,983
44.6
1,441
19.4
20.8
17.8
7,190
54.7
5,867
43.8
1,323
18w4
21.5
15.0
8,024
59.2
6,791
49.2
1,233
15.4
16.4
14.2
7,823
59.0
6,495
48.1
1,328
17.0
17.2
16.8
7,733
58.4
6,371
47.3
1,362
17.6
17.5
17.7
7,760
58.9
6,259
46.6
1,501
19.3
19.9
18.7
21,255
484
20,771
12,599
60.7
10,955
51.5
1,644
13.0
21,779
509
21,270
12,944
60.9
11,029
50.6
1,915
14.8
21,823
511
21,312
12,890
60.5
10,928
50*1
1,962
15.2
21,255
484
20,771
12,668
61.0
10,895
51.3
1,773
14.0
21,623
503
21,120
12,793
60.6
10,877
50.3
1,916
15.0
21,675
506
21,169
12,872
60.8
10,924
50.4
1,948
15*1
21,728
504
21,224
12,913
60.8
10,905
50*2
2,008
15.5
21,779
509
21,270
12,951
60.9
10,944
50.3
2,007
15.5
Men, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,016
74.4
5,349
63.2
667
11.1
6,150
74.0
5,326
61.2
824
13.4
6,164
74*0
5,267
60.4
897
14-5
6,015
74.4
5,315
62.8
700
11.6
6,136
74.5
5,373
62.3
763
12.4
6,170
74,7
5,366
62.0
804
13.0
6,157
74.3
5,337
61.5
820
13.3
6,148
74.0
5,289
60.8
859
14.0
Women, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5,663
55.9
5,016
49.4
647
11.4
5,897
56.7
5,175
49.5
721
12.2
5,860
56.2
5,128
49.0
732
12.5
5,654
55.9
4,956
48.8
698
12.3
5,751
55.7
5,012
48.4
739
12.8
5,767
55.7
4,974
47.9
793
13.7
5,787
55.8
5,015
48. 1
772
13.3
5,837
56.1
5,088
48.7
749
12.8
920
35-9
589
22.4
330
35.9
39.6
31.7
897
35.1
528
20.1
370
41.2
40.3
42.1
866
33.9
533
20.3
333
38.4
38.9
37*9
999
39.0
624
23.7
375
37.5
38.8
36.1
906
35.4
492
18.7
414
45.7
47* 1
44.0
935
36.5
584
22,2
351
37.5
36.3
38.9
970
37.9
554
21.1
416
42.9
39.9
45.7
966
37.8
567
21.6
399
41.3
40.1
42.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
147,374 147,524
1,654
1,659
145,715 145,871
93,845
93,355
64.3
64. 1
87,344
87,329
59.2
59.3
6,501
6,026
6.9
6.5
147,656
1,649
146,007
94,045
64.4
87,058
59.0
6,987
7.4
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
....
Both sexes, 19-19 yean
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
7,843
58.9
6,621
48.9
1,222
15.6
16. 1
15.0
BLACK AND OTHER
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces!
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
,
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3
Unemployed.
Unemployment rate
....
Both sexes, 16-19 yean
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
3
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including Armed
Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally
adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Category
Dec.
1980
Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
97,545
38,319
23,552
U, 798
97,442
37,632
23,564
5,032
97,282
96,944
38,231
38,315
23,063
23,683
4,895
51,733
16,012
10,988
6,543
18,189
30,305
12,305
10,310
3,437
4,253
13*008
52,422
16,644
2,499
13,361
2,304
51,065
15,810
11,009
6,175
18,071
30,373
12,337
10,194
3,402
4,440
12,982
2,804
1,225
1,587
232
1,127
1,518
174
1,411
1,472
1,655
305
1,629
250
87,158
15,868
71,290
1,147
70,143
87,363
15,524
71,840
1,308
70,532
86,513
15,653
70,860
1,110
69,750
88,139
15,140
73,048
1,236
71,812
6,988
355
6,900
360
6,973
396
6,942
378
91,219
91,33473,205
88,468
72,131
4,218
1,647
2,571
12,119
89*823
72*932
Auf.
1981
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
Hov.
1981
Dec.
1981
23,174
4,915
98,217
38,059
23,399
4,947
98,025
37,798
23,326
4,948
97,188
37,557
23,125
4,963
51,626
16,254
11,341
6,295
17,937
30,637
12,202
10,334
3,453
4,649
13,093
2,717
52,104
16,347
11,434
6,225
18,099
30,222
12,124
10,187
3,530
4,381
13,231
2,752
51,935
16,284
11,210
6,269
18,172
29,904
12,096
9,913
3,364
4,531
13,419
2,791
51,792
16,414
11,074
6,302
18,001
29,513
12,154
9,858
3,296
4,205
13,358
2,568
1,416
1,649
254
1,470
1,616
264
1,395
1,631
333
1,295
1,580
227
87,457
15,111
72,346
1,052
71,294
7,093
392
87,556
15,151
72,405
1,114
71,291
7,033
448
87,265
15,066
72,199
1,173
71,026
7,001
423
86,827
15,310
71,517
1,270
70,248
6,866
400
88,886
72,192
4,537
1,675
2,862
12,157
69,448
72,187
5,026
2,023
3,003
12,235
89,359
72,276
4,988
1,898
3,090
12,094
88,776
71,489
5,350
2,152
3,198
11,937
CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
4,716
98,270
38,169
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
11,019
6,668
18,091
29,356
12,105
9,888
3,339
4,024
52,123
16,299
11,217
6,369
18,238
31,113
12,508
10,501
3,499
4,605
13,002
2,732
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.
Self-employed workers. .
Unpaid family workers. .
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers.
Government
Private industries. . . .
Private households.
Other industries . .
Self-employed workers. .
Unpaid family workers. .
PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons . . .
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons.
73,948
3,893
1,566
2,327
13,378
4,963
2,053
2,910
13,166
4,187
1,654
2,533
12,704
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons
ication, illness, or industrial disputes.
Table A-4. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data
Quarterly average*
Measures
U-1
Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force
1981
1981
1980
Oct.
Nov.
2.2
2.1
2.2
3-7
4.5
4.1
4.5
I I I
IV
I
I I
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
4.0
3.7
3.8
I?
U-3
Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force 25 years and over
5.4
5.2
5.2
5.2
6.1
5.8
6.1
U-4
Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor force
7.3
7.1
7.1
6.9
8.2
7.7
8.1
U-5
Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force (official measure)
7.5
7w4
7,4
7.2
8.4
8.0
8.4
U-6
Total full-time jobseekers plus Vi part-time jobseekers plus % total on part time for economic
9.6
9.4
9.3
9.3
10.9
10.4
10.8
10.5
10.5
10.2
10.2
11.9
H.A.
H.A.
U-7
Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus tt total on part time for
economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less Vi of the part-time labor force
N.A. « not available.
*
Dec.
2.2
5.0
6.5
8.7
8.9
11.5
N.A.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Major unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
Unemployment ratal
unemployed persons
fin thousands)
Category
Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
Dec.
1980
Aug.
1981
7.4
6.2
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981
Dec.
1981
6.7
7.0
20.6
8.0
8.4
7.2
7.3
21.8
8.9
8.0
7.5
21.7
4.7
6.1
10.7
10.9
10.6
8.1
10.2
9.4
8.7
9.2
10.1
4.6
3.5
CHARACTERISTIC
Totel, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Wor »en, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
7,785
3,425
2,750
1,610
S,462
4,485
3,145
1,832
6.8
17.8
7.2
5.9
6.5
7.5
6.2
18.8
19.3
Married men, spouvo present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
1,722
1,432
550
2,297
1,669
590
4.3
5.8
10.4
3.9
5.3
9.8
4.3
5.9
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost1
6,549
1,225
8,018
1,373
7.3
8.2
8.2
6.7
9.7
7.9
4.0
2.6
2.5
4-7
5.8
3.9
2.4
2.8
4.7
5.6
9.3
6.9
10.6
7.2
9.6
7J7
9.5
9.1
845
5.1
6.6
5.8
6.7
OCCUPATION 2
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
2,487
589
354
,119
429
277
307
,106
,554
944
,510
327
773
,092
117
328
1,216
4,367
1,282
1,829
382
874
1,378
170
10.5
7.1
12.9
8.8
14.8
7.8
4.0
11.0
7.9
12.9
8.9
5.6
4.1
2*8
2.7
5.2
5.7
10.2
7.6
11.5
8.9
14.4
8*9
3.7
7-7
13.8
8.8
9.0
8.5
4.9
8.3
5.5
4.1
10.6
7.2
16.7
7.0
6.4
7.9
4.8
7.8
5.6
4.4
12.6
7.6
16.3
7.8
7.6
8.0
4.0
8.6
5.9
4,6
10.6
6.1
11.0
8.4
12.8
7.9
15^7
9.3
6.1
4*2
2*7
3.0
5.2
6.1
11.8
8.4
14.2
10.7
16-2
9.8
6.1
8.1
18.0
8.6
8.6
8.6
4.6
8.3
6.3
4.6
13.3
8.5
18.2
9.4
9.4
9.5
5.5
8.7
6*1
5.3
14.4
4.1
2.6
2.7
4J9
3.1
4.9
6.3
12.9
9.5
15.6
10.4
17.2
9.4
6.2
INDUSTRY 2
Nonagricultura! private wage and salary workers3 .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance ano *<.rvice industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
7,226
905
5,931
688
2,009
1,248
761
274
1,574
1,287
670
167
2,489
1,628
862
360
1,772
1,604
807
223
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and parsons on part time for economic reasons at a percent of potentially avai'3ble labor force hours.
3
Unemployment by occupation includes ail experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by
9.2
18.1
11.0
11.8
9.7
6.2
9.1
6.5
5.0
14.7
industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
3
Includes mining, not shown separately.
Table A-6. Duration off unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally
adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
1980
Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
Aug.
1981
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981
Dec.
1981
2,716
2,274
2,242
1,199
1,044
3,518
3,073
2,216
1,144
1,072
3,115
2,217
2,378
1,231
1,147
3,161
2,345
2,194
1,059
1,135
3,383
2,489
2,212
1,151
1,061
3,652
2,605
2,251
1,156
1,095
3,815
2,861
2,330
1,213
1,117
4,067
3,052
2,338
1,157
1,181
14.0
7.9
13.2
7.2
13.5
7.3
14.5
7.0
13.7
7.0
13.7
6.7
13.2
6.9
12.8
6.6
100.0
37.6
31.4
31.0
16.6
14.4
100.0
39.9
34.9
25.2
13.0
12.2
100.0
40.4
28.8
30.8
16.0
14.9
100.0
41.0
30.5
28.5
13.8
14.7
100.0
41.8
30.8
27.4
14.2
13.1
100.0
42.9
30.6
26.5
13.6
12.9
100.0
42.4
31.8
25.9
13.5
12.4
100.0
43.0
32.3
24.7
12.2
12.5
DURATION
15 weeks and over
...
.
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
5 to 14 weeks
15 to 26 weeks
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)
Not seasonal!
adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Dec.
1980
Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
Aug.
1981
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981
Dec.
1981
4,143
1,413
2,730
721
1,664
704
5,249
2,002
3,247
781
1,933
844
4,226
1,470
2,756
813
1,869
868
3,929
1,205
2,724
838
1,939
944
4,338
1,412
2,925
889
1,949
953
4,422
1,607
2,815
962
2,172
987
4,786
1,790
2,996
886
2,311
977
5,307
2,064
3,243
877
2,199
1,017
100.0
57.2
19.5
37.7
10.0
23.0
9.7
100.0
59.6
22.7
36.9
8.9
21.9
9.6
100.0
54.3
18.9
35.4
10.5
24.0
11.2
100.0
51.4
15.7
35.6
11.0
25.4
12.3
100.0
53.4
17.4
36.0
10.9
24.0
11.7
100.0
51.8
18.8
33.0
11.3
25.4
11.6
100.0
53.4
20.0
33.4
9.9
25.8
10.9
100.0
56.5
22.0
34.5
9.3
23.4
10.8
3.9
.7
1.6
.7
5.0
.7
1.8
.8
4.0
.8
1.8
.8
3.7
.8
1.8
.9
4.1
.8
1.8
.9
4.1
.9
2.0
.9
4.5
.8
2.2
.9
5.0
.8
2.1
1.0
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Lost last job
On layoff
Other job losers
Laft last job
Raantarad labor foroa
Staking first job
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unamployad
Job loaars
On layoff
Othar job losars
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
>
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers..
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
-
Table A-8. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persona
(In thousands)
Unemployment rates
Sax and age
Dec.
1980
Total, 16 years and *ver
16 to 24 yean
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
26 to 54 years
56 year* and over
Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
Auf.
1981
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981
Dec.
1981
7,785
3,419
1,610
723
881
1,809
4,302
3,835
5*2
9,462
3,955
1,832
736
1,097
2,123
5,399
4,805
617
7.4
14.0
17.8
19.9
16.4
1.1-7
5.3
5.8
3.5
7.2
14.3
18.8
20.5
17.4
11.8
5.1
5.4
3.5
7.5
14.7
19.3
21.2
18.1
12.1
5.4
5.8
3.8
8.0
15.6
20.6
21.4
19.9
12.8
5.8
6.1
3.9
8-4
16.2
21.8
23.1
20-7
13.0
6.1
6.6
3.7
8.9
16.5
21.7
22.1
21.4
13.7
6.5
7.1
4.2
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 yean
16 to 17 years. . .
18 to 19 years. . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 64 years
55 years and over . .
4,334
1,941
909
400
501
1,032
2,324
2,073
292
5,518
2,276
1,033
417
619
1,243
3,132
2,764
397
7.2
14.9
19.0
20.5
17.8
12.5
4.9
5.4
3.3
7.0
15.2
19.7
21.5
18.1
12.7
4.8
5.0
3.4
7.2
15.2
19.3
21.2
18.1
12.9
5-0
5.5
3.5
7.7
16.0
19.7
20.6
19.1
13.9
5.5
5.9
3.8
8.3
17.3
22.0
23.0
21.2
14.6
5.8
6.4
3.6
9-1
17.7
22.8
23.0
22.6
14.9
6.5
7.1
4.5
Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years. . .
18 to 19 years. . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . .
3,451
1,478
701
323
380
777
1,978
1,762
220
3,944
1,679
799
319
478
880
2,267
2,041
220
7.7
13.0
16.5
19.3
14.8
10.8
5.9
6.3
3.9
7.5
13.4
17.8
19.5
16.8
10.8
5.5
5.9
3-6
7.9
14.2
19.3
21.1
18.1
11.2
5.9
6.3
4.4
8.3
15.1
21.5
22.4
20.8
11.5
6.1
6.5
4.1
8.5
14.9
21.5
23.3
20.1
11.2
6.4
6.9
3.8
8.6
15.1
20.4
20.9
20.0
12.2
6.5
7.0
3.8
,
,
Men, 16 years and over. . .
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Employment status of the black and Hispanic-origin population
(Numbers In thousands)
Employmant status
Dec.
1980
Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
Aug.
1981
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981
Dec.
1981
17,610
10,627
17,982
10,862
17,610
10,693
60.4
17,923
10,920
60.9
17,952
10,936
60.9
9,078
1,784
16.4
7,120
60.9
9,092
17,982
10,949
9,128
1,499
14.1
60.7
9,072
17,852
10,764
60.3
9,016
1,748
16.2
7,088
17,886
10,900
60.3
60.9
9,04 0
1,909
9,050
5,665
62.6
9,098
5,757
63.3
5,224
533
9.3
BLACK1
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor forca
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
6,984
1,621
15.2
6,917
9,119
1,781
16.3
1,828
16.7
7,003
9,104
1,833
16.8
7,016
9,189
5,878
9,188
5,970
64.0
640
65.0
5,279
692
10.9
3,311
11.6
3,218
6,986
17.4
7,033
HISPANIC ORIGIN 3
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor forca
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
8,764
5,542
63.2
9,151
5,762
5,003
539
9.7
3,222
5,114
63.0
647
11.2
3,389
8,764
5,668
64.7
5,114
554
9.8
3,096
5,116
549
9.7
3,385
5,238
3,341
9,151
5,867
64.1
5,213
654
11.1
3,284
2
Data on parsons of Hispanic ethnicity ara collected Independently of racial data. In tha 1970
census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white.
1
Data relate to black workers only. In tha 1970 census, they constituted about 89 percent of tha
"black and other" population group.
Table A-10. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Veteran status
and age
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of
labor
foroe
Employed
Number
Dec.
Decm
1980
1981
Dec.
1980
Dec*
1981
Dec.
1980
Dec.
1981
8,425
8,646
7,279
1,376
3,165
2,738
1,367
7,977
7,011
1,490
3,372
2,149
966
8,173
6,968
1,269
3,043
2,656
1,205
7,534
6,606
1,360
3,195
2,051
928
7,557
6,408
1,105
2,808
2,495
1,149
443
405
130
177
98
38
16,753
7,515
5,436
3,802
15,033
6,823
4,635
3,575
15,836
7,050
5,171
3,615
14,152
6,327
4,382
3,443
14,633
6,415
4,812
3,406
881
496
253
132
Dec.
1980
Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
Dec*
1981
616
560
164
235
161
56
5.6
5.8
8.7
5.2
4.6
3.9
7.5
8.0
12.9
7.7
6.1
4.6
1,203
635
359
209
5.9
7.3
5.5
3.7
7.6
9.0
6.9
5.8
VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over
|
1
7,324
1,607
3,504
2,213
1,101
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
15,864
7,238
4,861
3,765
NOTE: Vietnam-era veterans are males who served In the Armed Forces between August 5, 1964
and May 7, 1975. Nonvaterans are males who have never served In the Armed Forces; published data ara
limited to those 25 to 39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the
Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for 20-to-24-year-old veterans are no lorfger shown on the table,
because the group is rapidly disappearing (into tha 25-29 age category) and tha numbers remaining an
not large enough to warrant their continued publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Persons not in labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)
seasonally
1980
Seasonally adjusted
1981
IV
1980
1981
I?
III
TOTAL
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Current activity:
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
Going to school
Ill, disabled . . ..
Keeping house
Retired
Other
School attendance. . .
Ill health, disability . .
Home responsibilities.
Think cannot get a job
Job-market factors1
Personal factors 1 . .
Other reasons'
Total not in labor force
59,919
60,591
59,906
59,820
59,377
60,274
54,676
7,908
4,217
28,643
10,699
3,209
55,061
8,109
4,151
27,705
11,597
3,498
54,521
6,224
4,293
28,842
10,938
4,224
53,998
6,068
54,320
6,451
4,177
28,013
11,594
4,085
54,948
5,244
1,399
695
1,098
973
658
316
1,078
5,530
1,451
817
1,250
1,090
810
280
923
5,586
1,466
710
1,179
1,055
697
358
1,176
5,905
1,521
817
1,290
1,115
5,474
1,442
1,162
5,568
1,502
742
1,246
1,018
703
316
1,059
4,071
28,296
11,252
4,311
876
239
6,499
4,284
28,302
11,694
4,170
677
1,134
1,050
776
274
1,172
18,184
18,818
17,795
17,947
17,811
18,308
Do not want a job now
16,523
17,002
16,081
15,925
16,301
16,749
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
1,661
688
286
305
383
1,815
723
401
366
325
1,827
720
307
370
430
1,921
795
379
372
374
1,771
746
319
399
306
1,741
School attendance. . .
Ill health, disability . .
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons3
668
305
364
404
Woman
Total not in labor force
41,735
41,773
42,111
41,873
41,566
41,966
Do not want a job now
38,152
38,059
38,441
38,073
38,018
38,199
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
3,583
711
409
1,09*
669
695
3,714
728
416
1,250
724
597
3,759
746
403
1,179
685
746
3,984
726
437
1,290
743
788
3,797
756
423
1,246
619
753
3,733
773
372
1,134
686
768
School attendance. . .
Ill health, disability . .
Home responsibilities.
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
White
Total not in labor force
51,876
52,257
51,870
51,709
51,218
51,948
Do not want a job now
47,985
48,169
47,744
47,198
47,332
47,898
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
3,891
999
512
846
644
890
4,088
1,061
583
941
756
747
4,124
1,059
513
907
686
960
4,328
1,095
574
967
756
936
4,022
1,039
500
964
676
842
4,045
978
485
841
730
1,011
8,044
8,334
8,036
8, 169
8,140
8,350
6,691
6,892
6,642
6,558
6,602
6,985
1,351
401
182
252
329
187
1,443
390
233
308
334
177
1,402
406
187
269
354
186
1,642
427
270
342
395
209
1,538
458
253
266
325
237
1,499
495
188
299
331
187
School attendance. . .
Ill health, disability . .
Home responsibilities.
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
Black and other
Total not In labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking:
School attendance ' ' '
III health, disability . .
Home responsibilities.
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons
Job market factors include "could not find job" and "thinks no Job available."
Personal factors include "employers think too young or old," "lacks education or training,"
"other personal handicap."
3
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of home responsibilities.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population for the ten largest States
{Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
State and employment status
California
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Dec.
1980
Nov.
1981
Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
Aug.
1981
.Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
NOT.
1981
Dec.
1981
17,264
11,243
10,543
701
6.2
17,546
11,506
10,608
898
7.8
17,569
11,489
10,505
984
8.6
17,264
11,204
10,470
734
6.6
17,466
11,397
10,629
768
6.7
17,493
11,348
10,528
820
7.2
17,521
11,488
10,556
932
8.1
17,546
11,504
10,566
936
8.2
17,569
11,453
10,439
1,014
8-9
7,061
3,980
3,782
199
5.0
7,241
4, 165
3,850
314
7.5
7,257
4,135
3,834
301
7.3
7,061
4,038
3,819
219
5.4
7,189
4,165
3,900
265
6.4
7,207
4 , 131
3,829
302
7.3
7,225
4,198
3,893
305
7.3
7,241
4,211
3,890
321
7.6
7,257
4,195
3,873
322
7.7
3,349
5,517
5,012
505
9.2
8,396
5,526
5,065
461
8.3
8,399
5,432
4,978
454
8.4
8,349
5,481
4,969
512
9.3
8,381
5,544
5,076
468
8.4
8,386
5,520
5,057
463
8.4
8,391
5,519
5,060
459
8.3
8,396
5,496
5,008
488
8.9
8,399
5,388
4,937
451
8.4
4,434
2,954
2,826
129
4.4
4,468
3,062
2,867
195
6.4
4,470
3,045
2,834
211
6.9
4,434
2,968
2,822
146
4.9
4,457
2,992
2,785
207
6.9
4,461
2,962
2,773
189
6.4
4,464
3,060
2,819
241
7.9
4,468
3,073
2,857
216
7.0
4,470
3,043
2,812
231
7.6
6,837
4,296
3,762
533
12.4
6,901
4,404
3,883
521
11.8
6,907
4,351
3,724
627
14.4
6,837
4,293
3,726
567
13.2
6,882
4,456
3,963
493
11.1
6,888
4,388
3,874
514
11.7
6,895
4,445
3,882
563
12.7
6,901
4,392
3,843
549
12.5
6,907
4,352
3,696
656
15.1
5,588
3,585
3,316
268
7.5
5,631
3,559
3,310
249
7.0
5,634
3,516
3,258
258
7.3
5,588
3,560
3,276
284
8.0
5,618
3,520
3,282
238
6.8
5,622
3,497
3,265
232
6.6
5,627
3,566
3,312
254
7.1
5,631
3,550
3,283
267
7.5
5,634
3,505
3,232
273
7.8
13,330
7,940
7,384
556
7.0
13,342
7,852
7,278
574
7.3
13,343
7,878
7,272
606
7.7
13,330
7,920
7,335
585
7.4
13,337
7,931
7,370
561
7. 1
13,338
7,962
7,417
545
6.8
13,342
7,965
7,412
553
6.9
13,342
7,894
7,303
591
7.5
13,343
7,874
7,230
644
8.2
8,010
5,004
4,574
430
8.6
8,060
5,151
4,589
562
10.9
8,063
5,105
4,504
601
11.8
8,010
5,018
4,542
476
9.5
8,045
5,111
4,624
487
9.5
8,049
5,048
4,528
520
10.3
8,055
5,051
4,524
527
10.4
8,060
5,119
4,534
585
11.4
8,063
5,128
4,485
8,978
5,341
4,938
403
7.5
9,018
5,463
4,991
473
8.7
9,021
5,386
4,886
500
9.3
8,978
5,343
4,913
430
8.0
9,005
5,485
5,070
415
7.6
9,009
5,405
4,962
443
8.2
9,015
5,443
4,973
470
8.6
9,018
5,426
4,938
488
9.0
9,021
5,398
4,868
530
9.8
9,840
6,458
6,149
308
4.8
10,029
6,767
6,394
3 73
5.5
10,045
6,689
6,388
302
4.5
9,840
6,457
6,114
343
5.3
9,976
6,625
6,271
354
5.3
9,993
6,723
6,349
374
5.6
10,012
6,713
6,370
343
5.1
10,029
6,760
6,390
370
5.5
10,045
6,721
6,395
326
4.9
Flo
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutjonal population'.
Civilian labor force
«•
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population '
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population'.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
?
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6<T3
12.5
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.
* These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration of
Federal fund allocation programs.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by Industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total
Goods-producing.
Mining
Dec.
1980
Aug.
1981
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981
92,015
90,949
91,901
92,033
91,832
91,499
25,656
25,173
25,631
25,931
25,930
25,662
25,411
1,173
1,163
1,069
1,151
1,162
1,162
1,175
4,156
Dec.
1980
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981 pl
Dec.
1981
91,750
92,424
92,272
25,641
26,025
1,060
1,164
4,343
4,493
4,368
4,387
4,275
4,272
4,259
4,228
Manufacturing
Production workers.
20,238
14,126
20,365
14,147
20,115
13,896
19,854 20,175
13,662 14,059
20,505
14,294
20,496
14,281
20,241
14,030
20,008
13,788
Durable goods
Production workers.
12,147
8,374
12,163
8,313
11,997
8,148
11,828 12,077
7,997
8,301
12,332
8,485
12,311
8,465
12,115
8,267
11,928
8,079
6 25.3
4 72.8
6 24.8
1,0 62.8
1,5 37.2
2,4 97.9
2 03.7
1,7 77.7
7 13.1
4 12.2
687
464
655
1,137
1,581
2,490
2,103
1,839
712
409
686
487
660
1,148
1,610
2,542
2,166
1,889
727
417
677
485
655
1,139
1,606
2,551
2,163
1,889
727
419
652
480
644
1 ,1 14
1,575
2,549
2,150
1,811
723
417
635
471
634
1,089
1,546
2,523
2,118
1,778
719
415
8,026
5,665
8,098
5,758
8,173
5,809
8,185
5,816
8,126
5,763
8,080
5,709
1,701
71
842
1,250
692
1,269
1,105
209
729
230
1,668
73
849
1,272
698
1,295
1,106
212
764
236
1,669
71
849
1,273
703
1,301
1,112
211
760
236
1,675
70
833
1,259
691
1,302
1,108
210
744
234
1,671
71
823
1,251
686
1,303
1, 103
210
732
230
66,842 65,318
65,970
66,103
66,170
66,088
Construction ..
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products...
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production workers.
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
685.9
470.5
652.3
1,136.3
1,596.4
2,496.8
2,118.0
1,871.4
713.8
405.9
8,091
5,752
1,688.5
74.4
846.1
1,241.1
691.5
1,278.3
1,101.2
206.8
733.2
229.4
66,109
664.
6
483,
4
6
652.8
1,109.
1,0
1,584.
1,5
2,528.
2,5
2,158.
2
1,832.
1,7
720.
7
429.
4
8,205
5,834
1,729.
77.
834.
1,274.
691.
1,299.
1,104.
211.
748.
235.
66,399
8,118
5,748
1,684.8 1,6
75.2
8
826
1,259
1,2
686
6
1,305
1,099
210
737
232
66,616
5,167
5,150
5,204
5,182
5,118
5,170
5,186
5,168
5,146
Wholesale and retail trade
21,138
20,999
21,131
21,403 20,470
20,862
20,872
20,916
20,821
Wholesale trade.
Retail trade
5,315
15,823
5,381
15,618
5,373
15,758
5,358
5,300
16,045 15,170
5,375
15,487
5,370
15,502
5,360
15,556
5,357
15,464
5,237
5,349
5,345
5,345
5,254
5,354
5,366
5,360
5,356
Services
18,149
18,826
18,794
18,771
18,240
18,667
18,774
18,788
18,832
Government
16,435
16,021
16,164
16,156
16,236
15,917
15,905
15,938
15,933
2,782
13,653
2,737
13,284
2,736
13,428
2,742
2,800
13,414 13,436
2,770
13,147
2,765
13,140
2,759
13,179
2,755
13,178
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Federal government
State and local government.
p = preliminary.
p
|
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours off production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted
Not •••tonally adjusted
Industry
Dec.
1980
Total private.
35.6
Mining
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981
Dec.
1981
35.1
35.0
44.5
43.9
35.2
Dec.
1980
Aug.
1981
Sept.
1981
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981
Dec.
1981
35.3
35.2
34.9
35.0
35.0
34.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
37.5
36.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Manufacturing
Overtime hours
40.8
3.3
39.7
2.8
39.6
2.6
40.0
2.6
39.9
3.0
40.0
3.0
39.3
2.7
39.5
2.7
39.3
2.5
39.1
2.4
Durable goods . . .
Overtime hours
41.5
3.4
40.1
2.7
40.0
2.5
40.5
2.6
40.4
3. 1
40.5
3.0
39.7
2.6
39.9
2.6
39.7
2.4
39.4
2.4
39.
39.
41.
41.
41
42.
41.
43.1
41.2
39.5
38,
38.
40,
39,
40,
40,
39,
40,
40,
39.
37.
38.
40.
39.
40.
40.
39.8
40.8
40.8
39.5
38.
38.
40.
39.
40.
4]
40.
41.
41.1
39.2
39.
38.
41.
41.
40.
40.
40.
41.
40.
38.
38.6
38.6
40.8
40.7
40.5
41.2
40.4
41.3
40.8
39.1
37,
37,
40.
40,
39,
40,
39.
39.
40.
38.
37.
38.
40,
39.
40.
40,
39.
40.
40.
39.
37,
37,
40,
39,
39,
40.
39,
40,
40.
39.
37.7
37.7
39.9
39
39
40
39
39
40
38
39.9
3.1
39.1
2.9
39.1
2.8
39.3
2.6
39.2
2.9
39.3
2.9
38.9
2.8
39.0
2.8
38.8
2.7
38.7
2.4
40.3
38.1
40.9
35.9
43.7
38.1
42.1
43.3
41.6
36.9
39.
39.
39.
35.
42.
37.
41.
43.
40.
36.
39.8
38.8
39.3
35.8
42.
37.
41.
43.
40.
36.
40.
38.
39.
35.
42.
37.
42.
43.
40.
36.
39.7
(2)
40.1
35.5
42.8
37.4
41.6
43.2
40.8
36.6
39.4
(2)
40.3
36.1
42.7
37.3
41.7
42.8
40.6
36.9
39.2
(2)
38.9
35.2
43.1
37.1
42.3
43.3
39.6
36.1
39.5
(2)
39.3
35.7
42.4
37.1
41.5
42.1
40.0
36.8
39.5
(2)
38.9
35 6
41 9
36 9
41 3
42 3
39 7
36.8
39.7
(2)
38.3
35.1
41.
37.
41.
43.
39.
36.
39.3
39.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
32.2
32.1
32.1
32.1
31.9
32.0
31.9
38.7
30.2
38.6
30.0
38.6
30.1
38.5
30.1
38.5
29.9
38.6
29.9
38.4
29.8
Construction
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products...
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods.
Overtime hours .
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .,
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
,
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
,
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities
40.0
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trad*.
Retail trade
38.9
30.5
38.7
29.8
38.6
29.8
Finance, insurance, and real estate
36.3
36.2
36.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Services
32.6
32.5
32.5
32.7
3 2.4
32.4
32.5
32.6
32.6
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private
nonagricultural payrolls.
1
This series Is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot
be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural
payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings
Average weakly earnings
Industry
Total private
Seasonally
Dec.
1980
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981 pl
Dec.
1981
$6.94
6.94
$7.42
7.39
$7.46
7.44
$7.45
7.45
10.44
10.42
422.04
457.46
458.32
11.16
384.28
416.25
407.74
410.69
Dec.
1980
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981
Dec.
1981
$247.06 $260.44 $261.10 $262.24
244.98 258.65 260.40 260.01
adjusted
9.57
10.28
10.33
11.10
Mining
Construction
7.70
8.15
8.26
314.16
323.56
324.32
330.40
8.23
8.71
8.75
8.83
341.55
349.27
350.00
357.62
6.74
5.70
7.83
10.36
7.88
8.50
7.38
10.09
7 . 13
5.73
7.09
6.05
8.50
10.97
8.39
9.05
7.84
10.65
7.61
6.06
7.11
6.05
8.53
11.10
8.42
9.10
7.86
10.66
7.70
6.12
7.12
6.13
8.57
11.11
8.53
9.20
7.98
10.71
7.81
6.22
267.58
225.72
325.73
430.98
327.81
358.70
302.58
434.88
293.76
226.34
270.84
233.53
344.25
434.41
336.44
367.43
312.82
435.59
307.44
238.16
26 7.3 4
231.11
347.17
439.56
336.80
372.19
312.83
434.93
314.16
241.7 4
271.98
238.46
347.09
437.73
345.47
381.80
321.59
445.54
320.99
243.82
6.89
7.34
7.39
7.44
274.91
286.99
288.95
292.39
7.13
8 . 10
5.34
4.81
8.27
7.88
8.69
10.38
6.97
4.74
7.53
8.58
5.72
5.07
8.82
8.42
9.37
11.46
7.39
5.09
7.64
8.91
5.74
5.06
8.90
8.43
9.43
11.54
7.40
5.10
7.74
8.82
5.73
5.04
8.93
8.44
9.47
11.50
7.47
5 . 13
287.34
308.61
218.41
172.68
361.40
300.23
365.85
449.45
289.95
174.91
298.19
338.05
225.37
181.51
373.97
313.22
388.86
493.93
297.08
186.80
304.07
345.71
225.58
181.15
376.47
314.44
393.23
496.22
296.00
187.17
311.92
341.33
224.04
178.92
379.53
319.88
398.69
501.40
299.55
188.78
Transportation and public utilities
9.30
9.96
10.06
10.08
372.00
389.44
395.36
397.15
Wholesale and retail trade
5.62
6.00
6.03
6.00
182.65
191.40
192.36
193.20
7.23
4.99
7.74
5.29
7.80
5.32
7.83
5.29
281.25
152.20
299.54
157.64
301.08
158.54
303.02
159.76
6.00
6.42
6.52
6.48
217.80
232.40
236.02
234.58
6.12
6.57
6.66
6.66
199.51
213.53
216.45
216.45
Manufacturing
,
Durable! goods
Lumber and w o o d products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . .
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric aod electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products .
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory
workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by industry
(1977 «100)
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
change
1980
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981 t>
1981P
from:
Dec.
1980Dec.
1981
Dec.
1980
Aug.
1981
1981
Oct.
1981
Nov.
1981 P
Dec.
1981P
140.7
92.7
(4)
132.5
143.6
141.8
140.0
141.5
92.1
(4)
132.9
144.8
141.7
141.2
141.9
92.0
(4)
134.3
145.5
142.0
140.5
143.2
9.2.4
(4)
135.3
146.4'
143.9
141.5
143.3
N.A.
(4)
135.8
146.9
144.2
141.4
0.1
(3)
(4)
.4
.4
140.4
139.4
140.3
139.8
140.9
140.7
143.3
142.5
142.3
142.5
-.7
Total private nonfarm:
132.6
93.1
139.8
126.4
135.9
Transportation and public utilities . 133.4
131.6
Finance, Insurance, and
131.6
Servteoe
130.8
Constant (1977) dollar*
Mining
142.1
92.2
151.3
136.0
145.5
143.1
140.2
143.2
92.7
153.6
135.8
146.5
144.6
140.9
143.4
N.A.
153.1
135.9
147.4
144.9
140.7
8.1
(2)
9.5
7.5
8.5
8.6
6.9
132.6
92.7
(4)
126.2
135.4
132.8
132.4
140.7
140.7
142.7
142.3
142.0
142.2
7.9
8.7
131.9
131.1
atest month available
est month available,
small relative to thi
eparated with
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
PRESS RELEASE
Seasonally adjusted
end-cycle
Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased
Nov.
1981Dec.
1981
.2
(5)
in.
and/or
Year »od month
Over 3-month spin
February
March
66.3
66.3
72.1
April
May
June
73.3
65.4
70.6
July
August
September
62.5
66.9
67.2
77.0
76.5
80.2
71.2
69.5
72.1
October
Ovtr 12-month span
80.8
82.8
83.7
79.9
82.8
82.3
77.9
80.2
78.2
85.2
83.7
83.4
74.1
77.3
77.0
79.4
73.3
74.7
suffii
1979
Table B-S. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagrlcultural
January
February
March
payrolls by industry
"977=1001
April
May
June
,
,
,
54.1
60.5
62.5
,
57.0
53.2
49.1
July
Total private
Qoods-produclno
109.9
104.3
1981
1980
109.6
107.9
103.4
101.0
102.3
Mining
142.1
141.7
130.1
Construction . . . .•
119.8
Manufacturing
September
95.8
95.0
79.7
98.7
87.9
83.4
92.4
110.4
104.6
85.1
111.3
91.5
December
98.5
98.5
91.7
96.4
94.1
94.6
96.1
109.3
106.1
88.3
112.0
90.8
100.9
89.8
102.3
94.6
94.4
98.4
112.9
110.5
91.6
113.9
92.8
96.9
97.8
102.4
86.5
91.4
98.1
112.8
101.2
100.9
97.5
98.4
99.7
97.1
91.6
94.4
100.4
108.5
100.6
102.4
100.0
88.1
99.5
96.8
110.1
92.7
97.2
101.1
109.3
102.2
100.7
105.0
91.5
98.5
96.3
103.3
89.6
95.0
103.0
109.3
103.8
101.1
101.7
89.5
101.0
97.6
100.1
90.8|
96.4
97.3
95.8
86.4
94.1
97.1
108.5
99.8
97.3
97.1
89.5
113.2
114.1
111.0
112.5
112.8
112.7
112.7
105.3
105.2
106.6
104.01
111.1
105.9
107.7
101.0
95.0
95.7
100.2
113.3
110.0
95.3
114.7
91.0
97.8
85.5
100.7
92.8
88.3
95.3
110.1
108.2
87.0
111.3
96.6
95.8
80.7
97.9
91.1
85.9
93.5
109.7
105.3
84.6
111.7
96.5
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products .
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
99.9
100.2
102.5
93.9
94.7
102.6
111.8
101.5
101.2
102.8
88.4
99.3
102.2
112.0
89.0
96.8
99.2
109.1
100.5
100.9
101.3
91.4
97.8
99.3
107.4
87.7
95.4
98.1
110.0
100.3
99.5
98.8
90.1
113.1
105.5
65.7
62.8
63.7
67.2
59.6
58.1
55.8
55.2
50.0
50.6
51.2
47.7
46.2
38.1
35.8
40.4
33.4
30.8
32.0
32.6
31.7
,
1980
98.5
98.6
85.5
98.4
92.5
93.6
95.5
110.9
108.2
88.8
113.
91.4
Durable goods.,
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . .
Primary metal products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products..
Miscellaneous manufacturing
74.7
70.6
69.5
October
November
115.6
98.4
72.1
68.6
65.7
97.2
95.0
94.1
96.9
79.7
82.7
95.4
98.4
88.8
90.0
86.1
89.0|
91.2
94.3
111.31 109.2
107.81 102.9
82.1
84.7
112.0| 110.4
92.5
92.2
93.1
91.6
78.6
93.8
87.1
82.5
88.5
106.5
100.5
78.6
108.8
95.5
97.3
94.9
84.2
91.4
95.9
109.4
100.3
101.8
95.0
88.7
112.2
January
February
March
April
May
June
SO.6
46.8
38.7
,
24».7
26.2
28.2
July
August
September
36.9
64.8
64.0
October
November
December
31.4
32.6
34.9
69.8
64.8
64.0
43.6
55.8
70.3
1981
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities'. —
Wholesale and retail trade
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
' See footnote 1, tablt B-2.
107.4
111.1
108.1
108.6
97.81
97.81
98.1
88.7
January
February
March
59.6
55.8
52.3
April
May
Jun
116.1
118.1
117.8
117.7
116.5
118.5
116.3
120.4
120.2
119.9
117.3
120.1
p = preliminary.
68.6
68.6
67.2
68.9
66.9
68.6
July
August
September
67.2
49.7
59.3
60.2
66.6
39.2p
November
December
30.2
27.3p
33.4p
32.3p
25.9p
is, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries.
112.0
110.8
61.0
61.3
64.2
78.8
75.6
73.3
64.2
54.7p
46.5p
52.9
37.5p
35.8p
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