Full text of The Employment Situation : December 1980

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News Sr #>
Bureau of Labor Statistics

Washington, D.C. 20212

_2 There was also little change in the unemployment
December—adult

men

rates

for

major

demographic

were

the

most

Michael Urquhart
Pat Daly
Kathryn Hoyle

(202) 523-1371
523-1944
(202) 523-1913
523-1208

USDL 81-12
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
JANUARY 9, 1981

slightly

in

Ln

(6.2 percent), adult women (6.8 percent), teenagers (17.8 percent), whites

(6.5 percent), black and other workers (14.0 percent), and Hispanics (9.8 percent).
seriously

Adult

men

affected age/sex group in the 1980 downturn, as their rate increased

from 4.4 percent in December 1979 to 6.6 percent in the July-September period
Contact:

groups

before

declining

recent months. The rate for adult women increased 1.1 points over the year to its

December 1980 high, while that for teenagers was up 1.5 points in the same period.

(See

tables

A-l, and A-2, and A-9.)
Advance copies of this release are made available to the press with the I
explicit understanding that, prior to 9 a.m. Eastern time: (1) Wire services
will not move over their wires copy based on information in this release,
(2) electronic media will not feed such informat'.on to member stations, and
(3) representatives of news organizations will not give such information to
persons outside those organizations.

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

Category

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

DECEMBER 1980
HOUSEHOLD DATA

Both total employment and unemployment in December remained near their November levels, the
Bureau

of

Labor

Statistics

of

the

U.S.

Department

of Labor reported today.

The overall

Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force

I Quarterly averages
I
Monthly data
I
1
1
1
I
I
1
1 Nov. I 1979 |
1980
I
1980
I Dec.
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 change
|
IV | III | IV
| Oct. | Nov. 1 Dec. |
|
|
Thousands of persons
1103, 7411104,982 1105,1 73 1105,1671105, 285 1105,067 |
-218
| 97 5721 97 0611 97 2761 97 2061 97 339 J 97 2821
-57
| 6 169| 7 9211 7 897 i 7 9611 7 9461 7 7851
-161
| 58 8501 59 4931 59,9061 59,717| 59 7971 60 2051
408

unemployment rate was 7.4 percent, close to levels which have prevailed since May.

1
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—was

about

unchanged

December at 97.3 million, still some 500,000 below the February 1980 peak.
In

contrast, nonfarm

establishments—rose
Increase.
the

by

200,000

employment—as
In

December

to

measured

by

the

monthly

survey

of

91.1 million, its fifth consecutive monthly

Overall, job gains in the latter half of 1980 have nearly recouped losses earlier

year, although

factory

payroll

in

employment was still sharply down in manufacturing and construction. The

workweek rose 0.3 hour in December to 40.2 hours, essentially back to its

prerecession

Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and other
Hispanic origin
Full-time workers
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing industries
Service-producing industries

level.
Unemployment

1
1
|
|
j
|
|
|
|
|

1
5.9|
4.4|
5.7|
16.2|
5.2|
11.3|
9.0|
5.5|

previous

month's

7.5

7.4

percent

In

December,

about

the rate had risen from 6.0 percent in December 1979 to 7.6 percent in May.

in

December,

from

a

million

and

a

accounting for two-thirds of the increase.

half

The

above

number

the

of

1

1

1

force
1
7.5|
6.4|
6.7|
18.6|
6.6|
14.0|
10.2|
7.4|

1
7.4|
6.2|
6.8|
17.81
6.5|
14.01
9.8|
7.3|

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Average weekly hours:

1
1

1

1

1

1

1

1

Hour8 of work
1
i

1

1

1

1

Since May, the rate

unemployed

totaled

7.8

year-earlier level, with adult men

(See table A-l.)

NOTE: This release incorporates revisions in seasonally adjusted unemployment and other
labor force series derived from the household survey. The revisions altered the overall rate in
8 months of 1980. The 1980 overall rates as originally published and as revised, plus
additional information on the revisions, appear on page 6.
Appended to this release, in
addition, are selected annual averages for many of the household and establishment series
(tables 1-6).




1

Percent of labor
1
1
1
7.5|
7.51
7.6|
6.6|
6.3|
6.4|
6.4 j
6.7 |
6.7|
18.4|
18.3|
18.5|
6.7|
6.6|
6.6|
13.9|
14.1|
14.2|
10.8|
10.2|
10.7|
7.3|
7.3|
7.3|

the

percent rate. As revised, based on updated seasonal adjustment factors,

has fluctuated narrowly between 7.6 and 7.4 percent.
million

unchanged

1

|
1
Thousands of 1obs
| 90 557| 90 131190 916p| 90 710190 917p|91 122p|
j 26 549 j 25 317125 785p| 25 6 3 612 5 804p|25 916pj
| 64,008| 64,814|65,131p| 65,074|65,113p|65,206p|

1
The Nation'8 unemployment rate was

1

in

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
p-preliminary.
N.A.-not available.
NOTE: Household data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.

-0.1
-0.2
0.1
-0.8
-0.1
0
-0.4
-0.1

205p
112p
93p

- 4 -

- 3 The number of persons on layoff and permanently separated from their jobs (job
4.2

million

in December,. was

little

changed from the previous 2 months. The number of job

losers had increased from 2.8 million in December 1979 to a high of 4.5 million
losers

accounted

for

54

percent

losers), at

in

June.

Job

of the jobless total in December; people entering the labor

force and those leaving their jobs comprise the balance.

weeks

or

longer

was

(See table A-6.) The number

of

The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls rose by about 200,000 to 91.1 million in
December.
jobs

This was the fifth consecutive monthly advance; since July,

persons

unemployed

for

15

2.4 million, about the same as in November but 1.1 million higher than a

Manufacturing employment showed improvement in December, as it has
July recession low.
goods.

In

durable

goods, electrical

equipment

and

primary

advances.

In nondurables, increases occurred in printing and

Total Employment and the Labor Force

products,

and

All the major worker groups experienced little over-the-month
Despite

increases

totaling

500,000

since

December was still 540,000 below the February peak.
percent

in

December, has

been

change

in

their

employment

June, the number of employed persons in

The employment-population

ratio, at

58.1

about unchanged since June, after declining a full precentage

point from December 1979.

Over

the previous

the past year, the labor force increased by about 900,000, a substantially slower

pace than in recent years. The overall labor force participation rate edged down 0.2
63.6

percent

in

December.

Over

point

to

the year, the participation rate declined for adult men and

teenagers. Women's participation was up slightly from last December, but their rate

stabilized

apparel, while

the

there was a decline in food processing.

rubber

and

plastic

Factory employment was

January

peak.

it

had

almost

continuously

in finance, insurance, and real estate.

There was, however, a small decline

in

retail

trade,

which has exhibited some weakness in recent months.
Hours of Work
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
remained

at

the

November level of 35.4 hours.

workweek

jumped

below the
0.3

hour

year-ago
over

private

nonfarm

payrolls

The December workweek was up 0.5 hour from the
prerecession

high

of

35.7

hours.

previous quarter and nearly 300,000 over the year.

million, up

about

(Discouraged workers are

persons who report that they want to work but are not looking for jobs because they believe they

January high.

Factory overtime rose by 0.2 hour to 3.1 in December.

The index of aggregate weekly hours of
nonfarm

production

or

cannot find any.) Blacks and women accounted for most of the increases. About 70 percent of the

percent since July but was still 1.1 percent below its January peak.
was up 1.3 percent over the month.




(See table B-5.)

the

(See table B-2.)

nonsupervisory

payrolls rose 0.4 percent in December to 125.7 (1967=100).

discouraged cited job-market factors as the reason for their discouragement.

(See table A-1J..)

The

the month to 40.2; this was the fifth straight

monthly advance, bringing factory hours 1.2 hour above the July level and within a tenth of

The number of discouraged workers in the fourth quarter of 1980 was 1.1
the

since

1980. The December increase of 95,000 was concentrated in the services industry and

manufacturing

Discouraged Workers

month

metals registered the largest

publishing,

The service-producing sector continued to grow in December as

July low of 34.9 but was still

over

payroll

Mining registered a December increase which brought its over-the-year gain to 80,000 jobs.

at about 51.4 percent in 1980; this is in contrast to the rapid gains in labor force activity in
(See table A-l.)

every

Construction employment rose by 30,000 in December but was 250,000 below its

prior years.

100,000

of

still 780,000 short of its June 1979 high.

throughout

The civilian labor force, at 105.1 million in December, was off slightly from
month.

number

Factory jobs increased by 65,000, with gains in both durable and nondurable

year ago.

levels.

the

has increased by one and a quarter million but was still slightly below the February peak.

(See table B-l.)

(See table A-7.)

The median duration of unemployment declined in December to 7.3 from 7.7 weeks but was still
1.7 weeks longer than a year ago.

Industry Payroll Employment

workers

on

private

The index has increased 3.1
The

manufacturing

index

- 6 -

- 5 Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average Hourly earning* of production or nonaupervisory workers on private nonfarm
rose

0.6

percent

over

percent from November,

the month (aeasonally adjusted).

Before adjustment for aeasonality, average hourly

earnings

rose

by

2

centa over the month to $6.94 and 56 cent8 over the year. Average weekly earnings were $247.76,
up $3.48 over the month and $18,72 from a year earlier.

(See table B-3.)

The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings IndeKr-eernings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and
the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage
261.6

(1967*100)

and

in December, 0.4 percent higher than in November.

above December a year ago.

In dollars of constant purchasing power,

percent during the i?-«onth period ended in November.




NOTE ON SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT

payrolls

Average weekly earnings were up 0.6

low-wage

industries—was

The Index was 9.3 percent
the

(See table B-4.)

Index

decreased

2.5

At the end of each calendar year, the Bureau of Labor Statistics revises the seasonally
adjusted labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (household survey) to
incorporate the experience of that year. As a result of the recalculation of the seasonal
factors, seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision.
The seasonal adjustment methodology reflects the two major modifications introduced at the
beginning of 1980. First, the labor force data are being seasonally adjusted with the
X-11/ARIMA seasonal adjustment procedure, which replaced the standard X-ll method used
previously. Second, seasonal factors are being calculated for use during the first 6 months of
the year rather than for the entire year. In July, the Bureau calculates and publishes a new
set of seasonal factors for use in the second half of the year, based on the experience through
June. Revisions of the historical data are made once a year, at the end of each calendar year.
The table below contains the seasonally adjusted overall unemployment rates for the past 12
months as originally published and as revised. Previously published data were altered by 0.1
percentage point in 4 months of the year and 0.2 percentage point in 4 months. The 1980 annual
average rate (7.1 percent), which is calculated using unadjusted data, is not affected by
seasonal adjustment revisions.
New seasonal adjustment factors to be used to calculate the overall unemployment rate during
January-June 1981, a description of the current seasonal adjustment methodology, and revised
data for the most recent 13 months or calendar quarters (tables A- 1, 2, 33-42, and 44-53) will
appear in the January 1981 issue of Employment and Earnings.
Revised data for the entire
1976-80 revision period for nearly 500 labor force series will be published, as is the usual
practice, in the February 1981 issue. Historical data (monthly and quarterly) from the time of
the inception of the various series may be obtained from the Bureau upon request. (Contact John
Stinson, 202-523-1944.)

Revised seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 1980

Month
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
* Not published

As previously
published
6.2
6.0
6.2
7.0
7.8
7.7
7.8
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.5
7.3*

As revised
6.2
6.2
6.3
6.9
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.6
7.5
7.4

Explanatory Note

Chart 1. Civilian labor force and employment
(Seasonally adjusted)

1969

1970

1971

1972

1973

1974

1975

1976

1977

1978

1979

I960

1981

Chart 2. Unemployment rate—all civilian workers

[

— — — Seaeonoly adjusted

•v-...:-..
*•>.••••..•••

.

'••-.

^••."S

•••..••••.. "•••/.,
-•"••••""/•

_
l

6.9

•••- •* •. "••

"**

•-•-..*•-•.,rfLii>v£u
'.?§*
r
,\ f ' "

'""•-. S-:

foA
v

^ V i l\\^Jr
i^r^..

•*
rJ

£>.'.' •••".*"

J

• • < • • • • >

*
1969

1970

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1971
1972
1973
1974

J-Uil
1 1 1 11 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 i 1> i J > t i La.
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981

Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation rate
and total employment-population ratio *
(Seasonally adjusted)

1988 1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
I960
1981
Note: The shaded orsas depict ths business cycle peaks and troughs as designated by the
NotJonol Bureau of Economic Research.




This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey
(establishment survey). The household survey provides
the information on the labor force, total employment,
and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
65,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of
the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on
the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information
is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation
with State agencies. The sample includes approximately
166,000 establishments; employing about 35 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In
the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the
month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of
technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable
variance in results between a survey of a sample and a
census of the entire population. Each of these factors is
explained below.
Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are
selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at
which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or
profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or
more in an enterprise operated by a member of their
family, whether they were paid or not. People are also
counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave
because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor
and management, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of
their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public
assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the survey week; they
were available for work at that time; and they made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are
persons not looking for work because they were laid off

and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number
employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the
civilian labor force. Table A-4 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force.
The definitions are provided in the table. The most
restrictive definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The official unemployment rate
isU-5.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment
survey only counts wage and salary employees whose
names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural
firms. As a result, there are many differences between
the two surveys, among which are the following:
—The household survey, although based on a
smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the
self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers;
—The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed; the establishment survey
does not;
—The household survey is limited to those 16 years
of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited
by age;
—The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once;
in the establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are
described in "Comparing Employment *«»<«•»•? from
Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and dosing
of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a
large number each June, when schools dote and many
young people enter the job market. The effect of such
seasoiialvariatkjncanbeveiylar^overtheamrseofa
year, for example, seasonality may account for as much
as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in
unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical
trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from
month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. To return to the schooPs-out example, the large number of people entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to
determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students
finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is
made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
Measures of civilian labor force, employment, and
unemployment contain components such as age and sex.
Statistics for all employees, production workers,
average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All
these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually
yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted
figure for the civilian labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted employment components and four
seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four
unemployment components; and the official unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of
total unemployment by the estimate of the civilian labor
force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June
period and again for the July-December period. The
January revision is applied to data that have been
published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment
are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end
of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the
estimate of the number of people employed and the
other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount
of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard
errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey,
and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than
the standard error from the results of a complete census.
The chances are 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on
the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the



standard error from the results of a complete census. At
the 90-percent level of confidence-the confidence limits
used by BLS in its analyses-the error for the monthly
change in total employment is on the order of plus or
minus 279,000; for total unemployment it is 194,000;
and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19
percentage point. These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather,
that the chances are 90 out of 100 that the "true" level
or rate would not be expected to differ from the
estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced
when the data are cumulated for several months, such
as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule/
the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling
error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate
of the size of the labor force is subject to less
error than is the estimate of the number unemployed.
And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the
jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller
than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless
rate for men is .24 percentage point; for teenagers, it is
1.06 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most
current months are based on incomplete returns; for this
reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. When all the returns in the sample have been
received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data
for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final
form in December. To remove errors that build up over
time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes
can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries and allow for
the formation of new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's
employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide
variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive
statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $2.73
per issue or $22.00 per year from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20204. Afcheckor
money order made out to the Superintendent of
Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey
data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, the standard errors appear
in tables A through I of its "Explanatory Notes."
Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision
due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables L
through Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the population by sex and age
(Numbers In thousands)

Dec.
1979

lov.
1980

Dec.
198 0

Dec.
1979

Aug.
1980

Sept.
1980

Oct.
1980

Nov.
1980

Dec.
1980

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate

toyed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rata
Not in labor force

164,898
2,089
162,809
103.884
63.8
98,047
59.5
2,995
95,052
5,836
5.6
58,925

167,201
2,119
165,082
105,287
63.8
97.8C1
58.5
3,214
94,586
7,486
7.1
59,795

167,396
2,124
165,272
104,778
63.4
97,545
58.3
3,044
94,501
7,233
6.9
60,494

164,898
2,089
162,809
104,053
63.9
97,781
59.3
3,323
94,458
6,272
6.0
58,756

166,578
2,114
164,464
104,945
€3.8
97,C03
58.2
3,210
93,793
7,942
7.6
59,519

166,789
2,121
164,667
104,980
63.8
97,180
58.3
3.399
93.781
7,800
7.4
5^,687

167,005
2,121
164,864
105,167
63.€
97,206
58.2
3,319
93,667
7,S€1
7.6
59,717

167,201
2,119
165,082
105,285
63.8
97,339
58.2
3,340
93,999
7,946
7.5
59.797

167,396
2,124
165,272
105,067
63.6
97.282
58.1
3,394
93,888
7.785
7.4
60.205

79,009
1,939
77,070
59,412
77. 1
56,325
71.3
3,087
5.2

80,091
1,954
78,137
59,972
76.8
55,826
69.7
4,146
6.9

80, 183
1,959
78,224
59,745
76.4
55,644
69.4
4,100
6.-9

79,009
1,939
77,070
59,858
77.7
56,617
71.7
3,241
5.4

79,798
1,951
77,847
60,147
77.3
55,589
69.7
4.558
7.6

79,897
1,958
77,939
60,320
77.4
55,754
69.8
4.566
7.6

80,000
1,956
78,044
60.37S
77.4
55,881
69.9
4,498
7.4

80,091
1,954
78.137
60.388
77.3
55.897
69.8
4.491
7.4

80,183
1,959
78,224
60,254
77.0
55,920
€9.7
4.334
7.2

70,594
1,654
68,940
54,666
79.3
52,335
74.1
2,292
50,043
2,331
4.3

71,768
1,673
70,095
55,408
79.0
52,199
72.7
2,375
49,824
3,209
5.8

71,875
1,677
70,198
55,284
78.8
52,041
72.4
2,228
49,812
3,244
5.9

70,594
1,654
68,940
54,799
79.5
52,364
74.2
2,404
49,960
2,435
4.4

71,430
1,674
69,756
55,403
79. 4
51,791
72.5
2,301
49,490
3,612
6.5

71,544
1,680
69,864
55,475
79.4
51,823
72.4
2,389
49,434
3,652
6.6

71,661
1,674
69,967
55,495
79.3
51,963
72.5
2.351
49,612
3.532
6.4

71.768
1,673
70,095
55,535
79.2
52,007
72.5
2,372
49,635
3,532
6.4

71.875
1.677
70,198
55,470
79.0
52,045
72.4
2,331
49,714
3,425
6.2

85,889
150
85,739
44,472
51.9
41,722
48.6
2,749
6.2

87,110
165
86,945
45,315
52.1
41,975
48.2
3,340
7.4

87,213
165
87,048
45,033
51.7
41,900
48.0
3, 133
7.0

85,889
150
35,739
44,195
51.5
41,164
47.9
3,031
6.9

86,780
163
86,617
44,798
51.7
41,414
47.7
3,384
7.6

86,892
163
86,728
44,660
51.5
41,426
47.7
3,234
7.2

87.006
165
86.841
44.788
51.€
41.325
47.5
3.463
7.7

87,110
165
86,945
44,897
51.6
41,442
47.6
3,455
7.7

87,213
165
87,048
44,813
51.5
41,362
47.4
3,451
7.7

77,666
124
77,542
40,057
51.7
37,954
48.9
466
37,487
2,104
5.3

78,979
137
78,842
41,150
52.2
38,497
48.7
532
37,964
2,653
6.4

79,097
137
78,959
40,877
51.8
38,334
48.5
545
37,788
2,544
6.2

77,666
124
77,542
39,697
51.2
37,421
48.2
570
36,851
2,276
5.7

78,607
134
78,473
40,523
51.6
37,890
48.2
555
37,335
2,633
6.5

78,732
135
78,598
40,317
51.3
37.804
48.0
592
37.212
2.513
6.2

78.860
137
78.723
40.486
51.4
37.754
47.S
576
37,176
2,732
6.7

78,979
137
78,842
40,629
51.5
37,909
48.0
574
37,335
2,720
6.7

79,097
137
78,959
40,570
51.4
37,820
47.8
665
37,155
2,750
6.8

16,638
311
16,326
9,160
56. 1
7,759
46.6
237
7,522
1,401
15.3

16,454
309
16,145
8,730
54.1
7,105
43.2
308
6,798
1,625
18.6

16,424
310
16,114
8,616
53.5
7,170
43.7
270
6,901
1,445
16.8

16,638
311
16,326
9,557
58.5
7,996
48.1
349
7,647
1,561
16.3

16,541
306
16,235
9,019
55.5
7,322
44.3
354
6,968
1,697
18.8

16,512
307
16,205
9,188
56.7
7,553
45.7
418
7,135
1,635
17.8

16.464
3C9
16,174
9,186
56.6
7,46$
45.4
3S2
7,057
1,657
18.5

16,454
309
16,145
9,117
56.5
7,423
45.1
394
7,029
1,694
18.6

16,424
310
16,114
9,027
56.0

Men, 16 yean and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ,
Civilian labor force
Participation rats
Employed
Employment-population ratio* . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 1 o years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
wofiwfif dW y i i f i ind ovoc
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate.
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rata

..

Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,417
45.2
398
7,019
1,610
17.8

Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including Armed
Forces).
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-2. Employment status of the population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
adjusted

Employment ttatut, race, M X , and aga
Eec.

1979

Nov.
1980

Dec.
198 0

Dec.
1979

Aug.
1980

Sept.
1980

Cct.
1980

Bov.
1980

WHITE
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

144,267
1,621
142,645
91,509
64.2
86,993
60.3
4,516
4.9

145,995
1,636
144,359
92,585
64.1
86,785
59.4
5,801
6.3

146,140
1,640
144,500
92,179
63.8
86,590
59.3
5,589
6.1

144,267
1,621
142,645
91,651
64.3
86,809
60.2
4,842
5.3

145,530
1,630
143,900
92,288
64. 1
86,G67
59.1
6,221
6.7

145,687
1,636
144,051
92,317
64.1
86,307
59.2
6,010
6.5

145,848
1,636
144,211
92,516
64.2
86,371
59.2
6,145
6.6

145,995
1,636
144,359
92,562
64.1
86,409
59.2
6,153
6.6

Man, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

48,725
79.7
46,906
75.2
1,819
3.7

49,355
79.6
46,837
74.0
2,519
5.1

49,268
79.3
46,691
73.6
2,577
5.2

48,860
80.0
46,961
75.3
1,899
3.9

49,356
79.9
46,500
73.7
2,856
5. 6

49,415
79.9
46,556
73.7
2,859
5.8

49,461
79.6
46,66C
73.£
2,8C1
5.7

49,481
79.8
46,684
73.7
2,797
5.7

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

34,571
51.0
32,975
48.6
1,597
4.6

35,444
51.6
33,448
48.6
1,996
5.6

35,214
51.2
33,317
48.3
1,897
5.4

34,246
50.5
32,516
47*9
1,730
5.1

34,846
50. S
32,823
47.9
2/C23
5.8

34,765
50.7
32,841
47.8
1,924
5.5

34,865
50.6
32,645
47.6
2,038
5.6

34,972
50.9
32,944
47.9
2,028
5.8

8,213
59.6
7,113
50.7
1,100
13.4
14.3
12.5

7,786
57.3
6,500
47.0
1,286
16.5
18.6
14.3

7,696
56.8
6,581
47.7
1,115
14.5
16.7
12.2

8,545
62.0
7,332
52.3
1,213
14.2
14.1
14.3

8,086
59. 1
6,744
48.5
1,342
16.6
17.5
15.5

8,137
59.6
6,910
49.8
1,227
15.1
16.2
13.8

8,172
60.0
6,866
49.6
1,3G6
16.0
17.5
14.5

8,109
59.7
6,781
49.1
1,328
16.4
17.7
14.9

Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces *
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation raft
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . . . .
Unemployed.
Unemployment rate

20,63 1
468
20,163
12,374
61.4
11,054
53.6
1,321
10.7

21,206
483
20,723
12,702
61.3
11,016
51.9
1,686
13.3

21,255
484
20,771
12,599
60.7
10,955
51.5
1,644
13.0

20,631
468
20,163
12,421
61.6
10,993
53.3
1,428
11.5

21,048
484
20,564
12,630
€1.4
10,902
51.8
1,728
13.7

21,102
485
20,617
12,677
61.5
10,894
51.6
1,783
14.1

21,157
463
20,673
12,666
61.4
10,864
51.4
1,8C2
14.2

21,206
483
20,723
12,706
61.3
10,922
51.5
1,784
14.0

Man, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rata

5,941
75.9
5,429
66.3
512
8.6

6,052
75.0
5,362
63.5
690

6,016
74.4
5,349
63.2
667
11. 1

6,049
75.7
5,291
65.2
758
12.5

6,064
75.6
5.266
62.7
798
13.2

6,03G
75.C
5,3CC
63.C
73C

11.4

5,935
75.8
5,400
65.9
535
9.0

12.1

6,042
74.9
5,315
63.G
727
12.0

Woman, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rats

5,486
56.0
4,979
50.7
507
9.2

5,706
56.5
5,049
49.8
657
11.5

5,663
55.9
5,016
49.4
647
11.4

5,462
55.8
4,915
50.0
547
10.0

5,629
56.2
5.C17
49.9
612
10.9

5,568
55.5
4,978
49.4
590
10.6

5,646
56.1
4,953

5,652
56.0
4,965

49.C

49.C

695
12.3

687
12.2

947
37.3
646
24.7
301
31.8
31.6
32.0

943
36.8
605
23.0
339
35.9
35.6
36.3

920
35.9
589
22.4
330
35.9
39.6
31.7

1,024
40.3
678
25.9
346
33.8
31.9
35.6

952
37.2
594
22.6
356
37.6
39.4
35.7

1,045
40.9
650
24.7
395
37.8
37.7
37.9

1,008
3S.4
631
24.0
377
37.4
36.2
36.4

1,012
39.5
642
24.4
370
36.6
35.9
37.4

Both M X « , 16-19 year*
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

BLACK AND OTHER

'

Both seioM, 16-10 yeen
Civilian labor force
Participation rats
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
Unemployment rata

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.




Civilian employment as a percent of tf» total noninstitutional population (indudfog Armed
Forces).

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Category

Dec.
1S79

Dec.
1980

Dec.
1979

lug.
1980

98.047
38,923
23.547
4.768

97,545
38,319
23,552
4,798

97,781
38,848
23,054

97,003
37,987
2 3 , 126
4,721

50.683
15.505
10,529

51,733
16,012
10,988
6,543
18,189
30,305
12,305
10,310
3,437
4,253
13,008

49,980
15,303
10,532
6.291
17.854
32.125
13,023
10,931

51,307
15,751
11,109

Sept.
1980

Oct.
1980

ROT.

97,160
38,027
23,027
4,703

97.206

97,339
36,167
23,065
4,707

97,582
38,231

51.101
15,780
10,979
6,277
18,065
30,521
12,485
10,210
3,443
4,383
12,891
2,735

51,148
15,863
11,016
6,155
18,114
3C,550
12,424
1C.247

51,065
15,810
11,009
6,175
18,071
30,373
12,337
10,194

Dec.
1960

1980

CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

4,687

38,142

22.993
4,701

23,063
4,716

OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

3,478
4,261
12,928

2,499

3,614
4,557
12,965
2.673

2,620

51,074
15.540
11.007
€.316
18,211
30,436
12,4S0
1C.2G2
3,434
4,310
15,943
2,757

1.237
1,526
231

1,225
1.587
232

1,433
1,594
305

1,282
1,640
280

1,417
1,688
3C9

87,942
15,655
72,286
1,264
71.022

87,158
15,868
71,290
1,147
70,143
6,988
355

87,324
15,440
71.884

86,490
15,531
70.959

86,395
15,575
7C,820

1.225
70.659
6.726
412

1.196
69.763
6,881
403

1.125
69,695
6.977
416

91,219
73.948
3,893
1,566
2,327
13,378

89. 052
72.947

88,195
71,526
4 , 143
1.709
2,434
12,526

88,246
71,929
4,183
1.7C1

6,653
17,997
32,012
12,973
11,035

3,644
4,360
12,980
2,372

6,140
18,307
30,232
12,346
10.147

3.429

3,4C2

4.450
12,888

4,440
12,982

2.729

2,604

1,363
1.640
325

1.417
1,612
324

1,411
1,655
305

86,587
15,597
70,990
1,144
69,846
7,005
417

86,643
15,651
"3C.992
1,148
€«,844

86,513
15,653
70,860
1,110
€9,750

6,S43
405

6,S73
396

88.488
72.071
4,220
1.685
2.535
12.i«7

€8,694
72,265

88,468
72,131
4,218
1,647
2,571
12,;:*

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpakffamily workers

6,740
37 0

PERSONS AT WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons

91.913
74,773

3,279
1,456
1,823
13,861

3.541
1.526
2.015
12.564

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such r
vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.

2.462
12.134

4,176
1,620

5,556
J 4.0 *. -

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.

Table A-4. Range of unemployment measures basdd on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly average*

1979

1980

If

II

U-1

Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force.

1.2

1.3

U-2

Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.7

2.9

U-3

Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force 25 years and over.

4.0

4.3

U-4

Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor force

5.5

5.8

U-6

Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force (official measure)

5.9

6.2

7.5

7.9

,

1.6

1980

III

If

Cct.
5.2

2.0

2.2

4.1

4.0

5.5

5.4

7.3

7.3

7.5

7,5

9.2

9.6

9.6

9.6

10.1

10.5

1C.5

N.A.

3.9

5.2

7.0

7.3

HOV.

4.0
5.4

2.2

2.3

4.0

4.0

5.4

5.3

7.4

7.3

7.5

7.6

7.4

)
U-6

U-7

TottI full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total on part time for economic
reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less % of the part-time labor force

Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total on part time for
economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less % of the part-time labor force

N.A.- not available.




.8

9.6

I

B . A -

hi.A

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Dec.
1980

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1979

Aug.
198C

Sept.
1980

Cct.
1980

Nov.
1980

Dec.
1980

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 yaara and ovar
Man, 20 yaara and ovar
Woman, 20 yaara and ovar
Both sexes, 18-19 yaara

6,272
2,435
2,276
1,561

7,785
3,425
2,750
1,610

6.0
4-4
5.7
16.3

7.6
6.5
6.5
18.8

7.4
6.6
6.2
17.8

7.6
6.4
6-7
16.5

7.5
6.4
6.7
18.6

7.4
6.2
6.8
17.8

Married man, spouse pn
Marriad woman, spouse praaant
Woman who maintain familial

1,196
1,25*
436

1,722
1,432
550

3.0
5.1
8.5

4.8
6.0
9.C

4.7
5.7
9.0

4.6
6.0
10.2

. 4.4
5.9
9.9

4.3
5.8
10.4

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost1

4,911
1,344

6,549
1,225

5.5
8.7
6.5

7.3
8.7
8.3

7-3
8.7
8.2

7.3
9-1
8.4

7.4
8.6
8.3

7.3
8.2
6-2

1,704
351
225
261
867
2,616
632
1,124
202
658
948
118

2,119
429
277
307
1,106
3,554
944
1,510
327
773
1,092
117

3.3
2.2
2.1
4.0
4.6
7.5
4.6
9.3
5.3
12.6
6.8
4.2

3.7
2.4
2.5
4.2
5.4
11.1
7.6
13.3
9.8
16.1
8.5
5.5

3.8
2.5
2.4
4.3
5.4
1C.8
7.4
13-0
10.4
15.2
8.1
4.3

3.9
2-6
2.5
4.6
5.6
10.8
7. 1
13.2
10.6
15-3
8.3
4.4

3-9
2.5
2.4
4.6
5.6
10.7
7.1
13.0
10.6
15.0
8.3
4.0

4.0
2.6
2.5
4.7
5-8
1C-5
7.1
12.9
8.8
14.8
7.6
4.0

4,550
594
1,401
808
593
235
1,213
1,070
598
152

5,931
686
2,009
1,248
761
274
1,574
1,287
670
167

6.0
11.2
6.1
5.8
6.5
4.2
6.4
4.7
3.7
9.6

8.0
17.3
9.3
10.1
8.0
5-6
7-7
5.5
4.0
13.2

7.8
15.9
9.2
10.0
7.9
5.3
7.7
5.4
4.1
10.7

7.8
14.6
9.2
9.5
e.9
5-3
7.8
5.6
4.4
11.1

7.8
14.8
8.9
9.0
8.6
4.9
8.2
5.5
4.2
10.1

7.7
13.8
6.6
S.C
6.5
4.9
8.3

OCCUPATION3
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport . . .
Transport equipment operatives. V
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY 3
NonagrfcultUral private wage and salary workers'
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods .
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers ."
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and parsons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unamployad parsons.
**x b v

c c

4.1
10.6

industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
' Includes mining, not shown separately.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See note on pa j e 6.

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally
adiuetJd

Seasonally adjusted

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1980

Dec.

1979

Aug.
1980

S€Ft.
1980

Oct.
1980

Dov.
1980

Lee.
198C

2,608
2,055
1.173
689
484

2,716
2,274
2,242
1,199
1,044

2,984
2,000
1,247
717
530

3,255
2,533
2,150
1,239
911

3,042
2,566
2,295
1,366
929

3,186
2,500
2,292
1,256
1,036

3,108
2,524
2,329
1,213
1,116

3,115
2,217
2,276
1,231
1,147

11.0
6.1

14.0
7.9

10.6
5.6

12.5
7.4

13.0
8.0

13-3
7-5

13.6
7.7

13.5
7. 3

100.0
44.7
35.2
20.1
11.8
8.3

100.0
37.6
31.4
31.0
16.6
14.4

100.0
47.9
32.1
20.0
11.5
8.5

100.0
41.0
31.9
27.1
15.6
11.5

100.0
38.4
32.6
29-0
17.2
11.7

100.0
39.9
31.3
28.7
15.7
13.0

100.0
39.0
31.7
29.3
15.2
14.0

100.0
4C.4
26.8
3C.8
16.0
14.9

DURATION

5 to 14 weeks
16 weeks and over

Median duration, in weeks

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 6 weeks
6 to 14 weeks
16 weeks and over
16 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not ssasonaHy
adjusted

tiwiiiiMy adjusted

Reason
Dec.
1979

Dec.
1980

Dec.
1979

lug.
1980

Sept.
1980

Oct.
1980

lot.
1980

Dec.
1980

2,794
969
1,825
724
1,607
710

4,143
1,413
2,730
721
1,664
704

2,828
993
1,835
812
1,810
876

4,319
1,699
2,620
890
1,883
870

4,367
1,744
2,643
855
1,844
862

4,240
1,692
2,546
870
2,013
880

4,229
1,453
2,776
897
1,896
890

4,226
1,470
2,156
813
1,869
868

100.0
47.9
16.6
31.3
12.4
27.5
12.2

100.0
57.2
19.5
37.7
10.0
2-3.0
9.7

100.0
44.7
15.7
29.0
12.8
28.6
13.8

100.0
54.2
21.3
32.9
11.2
23.6
10.9

100.0
55.2
21.9
33.3
10.8
23.2
10.8

100.0
53.0
21.1
31.8
10.9
25.2
11.0

1C0.0
53.5
18.4
35.1
11.3
24.0
11.2

100.0
54.3
18.9
3E.4
1C.5
24.0
11.2

2.7
.7
1.5
.7

3.9
.7
1.6
.7

2.7
.8
1.7
.8

4.1
.8
1.8
.8

4.2
.8
1.8
'.8

4.0
.6
1.S
.8

4.0
.9
1.8
.8

4.0
•8
1.8
• 8

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

Left last job
Staking first job
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Job losers

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.

Table A-8. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Sex and age

See.
1979

6,272

Dec.
1980

- Dec.
1979

lag.
1980

Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
,
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years. . . . . . .
25 years and over
,
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,785
3,419
1,610
723
881
1,809
4,302
3,835
512

6.0

7.6

3,100
1,561
741
815
1,539
3,134
2,747
417

12.4
16.3
18.4
14.7
10.0
4.0
4.3
2.8

14.5
18.8
22.1
16.5
12.0
5.4

Men, 16 years and over.. .
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years...
18 to 19 years...
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over . .

3,241
1,624
806
399
399
818
1,573
1,351
247

4,334
1,941
909
400
501
1,032
2,324
2,073
292

5.4
12.2
15.9
18.4
13.8
S.9
3.4
3.6
2.7

Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years.
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years...
18 to 19 years...
20 to 24 years
26 years and over
25 to 64 years.
66 years and over . .

3,031
1,476
755
342
416
721
1,561
1,396
170

3,451
1,478
701
323
380
777
1.978
1,762
220

6.9

7.6

12.8
16.8
18.4
15.7
10.2
4.8
5.2
2.9

13,0
17.6
20.2
15.9
10.2
5.7

NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.




Sept.
1980

Oct.
1980

Nov.
1980

7.4
14.2
17.8
20. 1
16.0
12.0
5.4
.5.9
3.4

7.6
14.6
18.5
20.5
16.7
12.3

7.6

7.6

15.9
19.9
23.7
17.1
13.6
5.3
5.7

15.5
18.9
21.2
16.9
13.5
5.4

7.4
16.0
19.8
21.8
18.1
13.8
5.1

7.4
15.6
19.e
22.3

5.6
3.3

5.6
3.3

5.9
3.4

3.6

6.2
3.1

6.0
3.5
7.2
12.7

16.6
18.8
15.1
10.2
5.4
5.9
3.3

5.4
5.9
3.4

7.7
13.0
17.0
15.6
15.1
10.6

5.9
6.4
3.4

7.5
14.5
18.6
21.4

16.5
12.1
5.4
5.9
3.3

17.8
13.2
5.1

7.7
13.2
17.2
20.3
15.1
10.8
5.8

6.2
3.4

Dec.
1980

7.4
14.0
17.8
19.9
16.4
11.7
5.3
5.8
3.5
7.2
14.9
1S.0
20.5
17.8
12.5
4.9
5.4

7.7
13.0
1€.5
19.3
14.8
10.6
5.S

6.3
3.9

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Employment status of the Mack and Hispanic-origin population
(Numbers In thousands)

adjusted

Employment *
Dec.
1979

Dec.
1980

Dec.
1979

Aug.
1980

Sept.
1980

Cct.
1980

Ho*.
1980

Dec.
1S80

17,205
10,457

17,610
10,627

17,205
10,498
61.0
9,219
1,279
12.2

17,477
10,653
61.C

17,515
10,688
61.0

17,5H5
10,7C1
61.C

17,579

17,610
1C,693

9,070

9,097

1,557

1,621
15.2

1,(21
15.5

1,619
15.1

BLACK1
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

60.8
9,276

60.3
9,128
1,499
14.1

1,180
11.3

6,749

6,984

7,953

8,764
5,542
63.2
5,003
539
9.7
3,222

6,707

9.C96

9,067

10,716
61.0

60.7
9,072

14.6
6,824

6,827

6,844

6,863

1,621
15.2
6,917

8,839
5,548

8,818
5,551

€2.6
4.562
586

63.0
4,939

8,759
5,565
63.6

8,824
5,696
64.6

8,764
5,668
64.7

4,$92
£57
10.7
3,17C

5,116
580
10.2
3,128

5,114
£54
5.8

HISPANIC ORIGIN'
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rata
Not In labor force

5,113
64.3

4,646
467
9.1
2,840

1
Data relate to black workers only. In the 1970 oensus, they constituted about 80 percent of the
"black and other" population group.

7,953
5,232
65.8
4,754
478
9.1
2,721

10.6
3,291

612
11.0
3,267

3,096

* Data on persons of Hispanic ethnicity are collected independently of racial data. In the 1970
census, approximately 96 percent of their population was white.

NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.

TabteA-10. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor lotos
Civilian

Unemployed

tuttonal

Total

Veteran status
and age

VETERANS

Employed

of
labor

Number

D«c.
1979

Dec.
1980

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1980

Dec.
1979

Dec.
198G

8,560
459

8,662
237

8,121
416

8,205
228

7,787
371

7,725
191

334
45

7,196
1,846
3,623
1,727
905

7,324
i,607
3,504
2,213
1,101

6,926
1,741
3,519
1,666
779

7,011
1,490
3,372
2,149
966

6,656
1,626
3,421
1,609
760

6,606
1,360
3,195
2,C51
928

14,998
6,860
4,340
3,798

15,864
7,238
4,861
3,765

14,268
6,489
4,154
3,€25

15,033
6,823
4,635
3,575

13,675
6,210
3,968
3,497

1 4 , 152
6,327
4,362
3,443

Dec.
1979

Dec J
1980

Dec.
1979

Dec.
1980

46C
37

4.1
10.8

5.9
16.2

270
115
98
57
19

40£
130
177
98
38

3.9
6.6
2.8
3.4
2.4

£.8
6.7
5.2
4.6
3.9

593
279
186
128

881
496
253
132

4.2
4.3
4.5
3.5

5.9
7.3
5.5
3.7

1

Total, 20 years and over

30 to 34 years.

NONVETERANS 2
Total, 26 to 39 years
30 to 34 year*.

M

Vietnanvara veterans are those who served between August 5,1964 and May 7,1976.
vad in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited to




those 26-39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam era veteran
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-11. Persons not in labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)

^ ^ ^

Reason, sex, and rasa
1980

Total not in labor force .
Do not want a job now
Current activity:

Want a fob now
Reason not looking:

Going to school.
Ill, disabled . .
Keeping nous* .
Retired
Other

School attendance..
Ill health, disability .
Think cannot get a job.
Job-market factors'.
Other reasons' .

Total not in labor force . . .
Do not want a job now •
Want a job now.
Reason not

School attendance....
Ill health, disability . . .
Think cannot get a job.
Other reasons3

1979

1980

58,744

59,919

58,850

58,999

59,111

59,493

53,716
7,677
4,444
28,440
10, C50
3,106

54,676
7,908

53,574
6,037
4,534
26,659

53,573
6,038
4,627
28,376

10,254

4,090

10,578
3,954

53,851
6,185
4,446
28,688
10,538
3,994

54,231
€,594
4,124
26,646
10,917
3,950

5,026
1,414
768
1,167
700
438
262
977

5,244
1,399
695

5,333
1,478
785

5,548
1,453
771

1,098
973
658
316
1,078

1,245
766
465
301
1,058

1,335
949
603
345
1,040

5,431
1,461
728
1,195
921
626
294
1,127

5,605
1,517
759
1,235
961
669
292
1,133

17,502

18,184

17,220

17,296

17,344

17,607

15,910

16,523

15,482

15,570

15,663

15,942

1,591
699
334
243
315

1,661
688
286
305
383

1,731
733
355
291
353

1,710
699
324
347
340

1,753
745
338
319
351

1,825
765
338
367
355

4,217

28,643
10,699
3,209

Total not in labor force . . .

41,^42

41,735

41,630

41,702

41,769

41,886

Do not want a job now .

37,807

38,152

38,092

38,003

38,188

38,288

3,435
714
435
1,167
457
662

3,583
711
409

3,602
746
430

1,098
669
695

1,245
475
705

3,838
754
447
1,335
602
700

3,678
716
390
1,195
601
776

3,780
751
421
1,235
594
778

Total not in labor force . . .

51,036

51,876

51,122

51,138

51,182

51,594

Do not want a job now .

47,205

47,985

46,973

46,874

47,198

47,545

3,831
1,044
535
927
518
608

3,891
999
512
846
644
890

4,042
1,113
527
985
551
866

4,259
1,051
559
1,104
673
871

4,094
1,087
533
940
611
923

4,139
1,084
514
957
681
903

Want a job now
Reason not looking:

School attendance..
Ill health, disability .
Think cannot get a job.
Other reasons

Want a job now
Reason not looking:

School attendance..
Ill hearth, disability .
Think cannot get a job.
Other reasons

Total not in labor force . . .

7,708

8,044

7,711

7,870

7,918

7,912

Do not want a job now .

6,512

6,691

6,460

€,544

6,581

6,449

1,196
370
233
240
183
170

1,351
401
182
252
329
187

1,236
369
236
258
197
176

1,322
4CC
228
243
296
155

1,315
357
205
239
292
221

1,526
461
228
285
293
258

Want a job now
Reason not looking:

School attendanceIK had
Think cannot get a job.
OfJur reasons

Job market factors include ^outd not find job and thinks no jobs
Pai tonal factors Include ^employers think too young or oJd» laoks education of training,"
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6-




r personal handicap."
• small number of man not looking for work because of home r

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Emptoymwrt M M of th> iwiilmtitutioo*! population for tho ton largMt Statt*

TabtoA-12.

Not seasonally adjust*

saasonaayadfusM

*

Dec.
1979

NOV.

Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor forca
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

16,925
11,195
10,521

Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,852
3,764
3,569

675
6.0

194
5.2

1980

Dec.
1980

Dec.
1979

Aug.
1980

Sept.
1980

Oct.
1980

Nov.
1980

Dec.
1980

17,236
11,309
10,512
797
7.0

17,264
11,217
10,512
704
6.3

16,925
11,178
10,481
697
6.2

17,152
11,371
10,544
827
7.3

17,180
11,217
10,441
776
6.9

17,208
11,243
10,437
806
7.2

17,236
11,329
10,486
843
7.4

17,264
11,168
10,440
728
6.5

7,044
3,978
3,760
218
5.5

7,061
3,967
3,768
199
5.0

6,852
3,802
3,598
204
5.4

6,992
3,894
3,652
242
6.2

7,009
3,884
3,649
235
6.1

7,026
3,923
3,674
249
6.3

7,044
4,014
3,805
209
5.2

7,061
4,026
3,815
211
5.2

8,345
5,512
5,066
446
8.1

8,349
5,514
5,021
493
8.9

8,285
5,454
5,105
«
349
6.4

8,327
5,348
4,889
459
8.6

8,333
5,435
4,955
480
8.8

8,340
5,469
4,965
504
9.2

8,345
5,500
5,029
471
8.6

8,349
5,498
4,983
515
9.4

4,430
2,948
2,812
136
4.6

4,434
2,955
2,826
129
4.4

4,389
2,879
2,719
160
5.6

4,419
2,880
2,721
159
5.5

4,423
2,935
2,764
171
5.8

4,427
2,999
2,800
199
6.6

4,430
2,975
2,825
150
5.0

4,434
2,977
2,836
141
4.7

6,830
4,321
3,782
540
12.5

6,837
4,303
3,779
524
12.2

6,755
4,345
3,968
377
8.7

6,810
4,365
3,823
542
12.4

6,817
4,331
3,779
552
12.7

6,824
4,335
3,755
580
13.4

6,830
4,304
3,742
562
13.1

6,837
4,297
3,749
548
12.8

5,584
3,574
3,316
258
7.2

5,588
3,587
3,316
271
7.5

5,532
3,568
3,335
233
6.5

5,569
3,556
3,311
245
6.9

5,574
3,483
3,234
249
7.1

5,579
3,562
3,301
261
7.3

5,584
3,563
3,289
274
7.7

5,588
3,558
3,268
290
8.2

13,328
7,933
7,364
568
7.2

13,330
7,916
7,366
549
6.9

13,294
8,114
7,525
589
7.3

13,320
8,025
7,391
634
7.9

13,322
7,935
7,375
560
7.1

13,326
7,999
7,403
596
7.5

13,328
7,954
7,378
576
7.2

13,330
7,883
7,308
575
7.3

8,006
5,126
4,673
453
8.8

8,010
5,006
4,581
425
8.5

7,944
5,069
4,775
294
5.8

7,989
5,140
4,677
463
9.0

7,994
5,141
4,675
466
9.1

8,000
5,158
4,722
436
8.5

8,006
5,081
4,600
481
9.5

8,010
4,984
4,521
463
9.3

8,974
5,444
5,037
407
7.5

8,978
5,347
4,947
400
7.5

8,920
5,304
4,930
374
7. 1

8,960
5,391
4,946
445
8.3

8,964
5,408
4,992
416
7.7

8,970
5,444
5,025
419
7.7

8,974
5,426
5,002
424
7.8

8,978
5,334
4,909
425
8.0

9,822
6,527
6,163
364
5.6

9,840
6,496
6,180
316
4.9

9,618
6,342
6,092
25 0
3.9

9,767
6,527
6,168
359
5.5

9,785
6,522
6,218
304
4.7

9,804
6,487
6,180
307
4.7

9,822
6,512
6,144
368
5.7

9,840
6,496
6,152
344
5.3

Nli
Civilian noninstitttional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,285
5,474
5,135

Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4,389
2,852
2,708

339
6.2

144
5.1

MM
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilia/i labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,755
4,323
3,955
368
8.5

Maw Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Gvilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,532
3,590
3,376
214
6.0

New York
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed . . . . :
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,294
8,111
7,546
565
7.0

Ohio
Gvilian noninstitutional population 4
Civilian labor force
'
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

7,944
5,082
4,815
267
5.2

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,920
5,331
4,978
354
6.6

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9,618
6,327
I 6,102
226
3.6

1
Tha population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers
appear in tha unadjusted and tha seasonally adjusted columns.
* These are tha official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates usad in tha administration of
Federal fund allocation programs.




NOTE: Revised seasonal factors are not yet available for States. The seasonally adjusted series
will be revised for the release of January data on February 6, 1981.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonaoricultural payrolls by industry
tin thousands)
Seasonally adjusted

TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
Production workmrt
DURABLE GOODS
Production worktn
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, day, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

NONDURABLE GOODS
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products

Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

Dec.
1979

Oct.
1980

1980

Dec.
1980

91,394

91,332

91,652

26,508

26,041

26,037

985

1,039

4,536

Dec.
1979

Aug.
1980

Sept.
1980

Oct.
1980

Nov.
1980

91,832

90,678

90,142

90,384

90,710

90,917

25,837

26,590

25,312

25,476

25,636

25,804

1,055

1,063

992

1,013

1,028

1,037

1,054

4,700

4,611

4,421

4,615

4,359

4,404

4,442

4,468

20,987
14,964

20,302
14,204

20,371
14,260

20,353
14,244

20,983
14,956

19,940
13,872

20,044
13,972

20,157
14,065

20,282
14,180

12,733
9,040

12,100
8,343

12,198
8,430

12,212
8,437

12,706
9,009

11,860
8,123

11,955
8,212

12,043
8,288

12,147
8,381

682.9
473.1
666.7
1,109.2
1,615.3
2,475.4
2,138.8
1,913.6
701.7
421.0

676.9
476.4
654.2
1,120.7
1,615.8

662
456
648
1,059
1,569
2,437
2,083
1,840
697
409

674
464
1,074
1,587
2,452
2,091
1,851
697
410

677
466
656
1,096
1,595
2,469
2,107
1,873
697
407

683
468

2,146.7
1,916.4
705.6
410.3

746
497
704
1,219
1,718
2,459
2,163
2,057
698
445

661
1,116
1,606
2,475
2,124
1,902
702
410

737.4
501.8
697.4
1,209.9
1,725.2
2,471.6
2,171.9
2,079.3
698.8
439.4

686.
470.
665.
1,093.
1,604.
2,456.
2,119.
1,885.
695.

2,488.6

655

8,254
5,924

8,202
5,861

8,173
5,830

8,141
5,807

8,277
5,947

8,080
5,749

8,089
5,760

8,114
5,777

8,135
5,799

1,706.2
70.8
889.7
1,287.1
705.9
1,268.5
1,114.2
210.6
755.6
245.2

1,738.8
76.4
856.8
1,307.5
690.7
1,272. "
1,104.
210.4
703.4
240.6

1,691.5
75.6
^60.0
1,306.0
692.2
1,280.0
1,106.9
210.3
709.0
241.2

1,655.4
70.9
860.5
1,292.6
695.1
1,297.5
1,110.6
207.3
713.1
237.8

1,724
66
889
1,296
708
1,261
1,118
213
756
246

1,690
67
851
1,296
682
1,266
1,100
208
680
240

1,672
68
851
1,299
686
1,269
1, 104
208
692
240

1,682
69
856
1,292
690
1,272
1,105
209
699
240

1,681
71
1,294
692
1,277
1,109
209
705
240

64,886

65,291

65,615

65,995

64,088

64,830

64,908

65,074

65,113

857

5,240

5,178

5,159

5,212

5,129

5,124

5,147

5,133

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

21,114

20,708

20,924

21,301

20,448

20,589

20,620

20,641

20,647

WHOLESALE TRADE

5,264
15,850

5,313
15,395

5,313
15,611

5,318
15,983

5,251
15,197

5,263
15,326

5,280
15,340

5,292
15,349

5,297
15,350

RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE .
SERVICES

5 , 1 6#1

5,047

5,204

5,217

5,224

5,064

5,180

5,194

5,214

5,227

17,271

17,949

17,933

17,935

17,362

17,788

17,861

17,913

17,951

16,214

16,252

16,382

16,374

16,002

16,144

16,109

16,159

16,155

2,770|
13,444

2,774
13,478

2,779
13,603

2,788
13,586

2,773
13,229

2,828
13,31,6

2 , 765
13,344

2,788
13,371

2,793
13,362

GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL

. STATE AND LOCAL
p-preliminary.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers

on private

nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Dec.
1979

Oct.
1980

Nov.
1980p

Dec.
1980 P

Dec.
1979

35.9

35.3

35.3

35.7

35.7

MINING

43.9

43.5

43.5

44.1

(2)

CONSTRUCTION

37.2

37.9

36.7

37.0

37.2

TOTAL PRIVATE

Aug.
1980
35.1
'

•

(

2

)

36.5

Sept.
1980

Oct.

1980

Nov.
1980

p

35.4

Dec.
1980

35.2

35.3

(2)

(2)

37.4

37.0

37.1

37.0
40.2
3.1

35.4

( 2 ).

40.9
3.4

39.8
2.9

40.2
3.1

41.0
3.3

40.2
3.2

39.4
2.7

39.6
2.7

39.7
2.8

39.9
2.9

41.6
3.5

40.3
2.9

40.7
3.1

41.7
3.4

40.7
3.2

39.9
2.6

40.1
2.7

40.1
2.8

40.5
3.0

40.8
3.2

39.2
39.9
41.8
40.9
41.9
42.7
41.3
42.7
41.7
39.5

39.2
38.5
41.3
39.9
40.5
40.7
39.9
41.1
40.3
38.9

39.2
38.4
41.4
40.7
40.8
41.3
40.4
41.7
41.1
39.2

39.7
39.5
41.5
41.6
41.7
42.4
41.1
43.7
41.6
39.7

39.0
38.9
41.5
40.7
40.9
41.5
40.5
40.9
41.0
39.0

38.9
37.4
40.3
39.2
40.1
40.8
39.4
40.9
40.1
38.6

38.8
38.0
40.9
c
39.7
40.4
40.9
39.5
40.6
40.1
38.9

38.7
38.0
40.9
40.1
40.4
40.7
39.9
40.8
40.2
38.7

39.3
38.0
41.1
40.8
40.5
41.0
40.0
41.4
40.7
38.7

39.5
38.5
41.2
41.4
40.7
41.2
40.3
41.9
40.9
39.2

39.9
3.2

39.1
2.9

39.3
3.0

39.9
3.1

39.4
3.1

38.7
2.8

38.8
2.7

39.0
2.8

39.0
2.9

39.5
3.0

40.4
39.4
41.5
35.9
43.5
38.1
42.2
43.5
40.7
37.3

39.7
40.1
39.9
35.4
42.2
37.2
41.4
43.7
40.7
36.5

40.2
40.0
40.3
35.4
42.7
37.2
42.0
43.4
41.0
36.4

40.6
39.2
41.1
35.9
43.7
38.2
42.4
42.9
41.5
37.1

39.9
38.5
41.0
35.6
42.8
37.4
41.8
43.4
40.0
37.0

39.8
37.3
39.2
35.1
41.8
37.1
41.0
42.2
40.2
36.5

39.7
37.5
39.7
35.1
42.2
36.9
41.3
42.7
40.1
36.2

39.6
39.5
39.9
35.3
42.2
37.1
41.4
43.1
40.4
36.5

39.9
38.9
40.0
35.0
42.5
36.8
41.7
43.0
40.7
36.3

40.1
38.3
40.6
35.6
43.0
37.5
42.0
42.8
40.8
36.8

TRANSPORTATION A N D PUBLIC
UTILITIES

40.0

39.8

39.9

40.0

(2)

: (2)

. (2)

(2)

WHOLESALE A N D RETAIL T R A D E

32.9

32.1

32.0

32.5

32.6

32.0

32.1

32.2

32.2.

32.2

WHOLESALE T R A D E
RETAIL TRADE

39.1

31.0

38.7
30.0

38.5
30.0

38.9
30.6

38.9
30.6

38.2
30.1

38.5
30.1

38.5
30.2

38.5
30.2

38.7
30.1

FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D
REAL ESTATE

36.4

36.3

36.3

36.2

(2)

(2)

<2)

SERVICES

32.8

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.8

32.6

32.5

MANUFACTURING

DURABLE GOODS

Electric and electronic equipment

NONDURABLE GOODS

Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products

Rubber and misc. plastics products

1
Data relate to production workers In mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, Insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on
private nonagricultural payrolls.




(2)

..« • . < 5 L '
32.6

p

32.7

A*L
32.7

"This series Is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component Is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be
separated with sufficient precision.
p « preliminary.
c-corrected. »

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings
Industry

TOTAL PRIVATE

Dec.
1979

Oct.
1980

Nov.
1980

$6.38
6.39

$6.86
6.83

$6.92
6.91

p

Seasonally adjusted

MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS

$6.94
6.95

9.52

9.51

384.13

407.60

414.12

10.24

10.32

356.38

388.48

375.81

6.97

7.49

7.59

7.70

285.07

298.10

305.12

7.42

8.02

8.13

8.26

308.67

323.21

330.89

6.76
5.59
7.74
10.09
7.68
8.36
7.20
9.77
6.95
5.55

6.79
5.63
7.83
10.30
7.75
8.44
7.29

6.77
5.71
7.83
10.44
7.84
8.55
7.40
10.17
7.09
5.70

244.61
209.87
297.20
379.55
299.17
325.80
274.23
381.31
271.05
205.40

264.99
215.22
319.66
402.59
311.04
340.25
287.28
401.55
280.09
215.90

266.17
216.19
324.16
419.21
316.20
348.57
294.52
412.00
288.Ill
219.52

6.72

6.79

6.85

249.77

262.75

266.85

10.39
6.70
4.64

10.51
6.80
4.67

7.12
8.18
5.34
4.79
8.26
7.87
8.64
10.31
6.88
4.71

264.62
275.01
202.11
157.24
326.25
274.70
334.22
412.38
252.75
162.26

275.92
303.16
209.87
167.44
341.40
288.30
352.73
454.04
272.69
169.36

284.62
309.60
213.19
168.151
349.71
290.90
359.94
456.13
278.80
169.991

341.60

366.16

369.47

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing .'.
Chemicals and allied products.
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products.
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A N D PUBLIC U T I L I T I E S

8.54

9.20

9.26

9.30

WHOLESALE A N D RETAIL T R A D E

5.18

5.59

5.63

5.62

WHOLESALE T R A D E

6.69
4.61

7.10
4.98

7.19
5.01

7.25
4.99

5.48

5.91

6.01

6.00

6.09

5.61
J -

Set footnote 1, table B-2.




$229.04 $242.16 $244.28
228.12 241.10 244.61

9.37

NONDURABLE GOODS

SERVICES

1980

10.25

Lumber and wood products

FINANCE, INSURANCE, A N D R E A L ESTATE

Oct.
1980

9.58

Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

RETAIL TRADE

Dec.
1979

8.75
MINING
CONSTRUCTION

Dec.p
1980

179.44
261.58
142.91

274.77
149.40

276.821
150.30

6.02

199.47

214.53

218.161

6.09

184.01

195.60

198.53

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Hourly earnings index for production or nonsupervisory workers

nonagricultural payrolls

on private

by industry division, seasonally adjusted

Percent change from—
Industry

DEC.
1979

JULY
1980

AUG.
1980

SEPT.
1980

OCT.
1980

NOV. P
1980

DEC. P
1980

239.4
103.8

252.1
102.0

254.0
102.0

255.4
101.5

257.9
101.5

260.7
101.6

261.6
N.A.

9.3
(2)

0.4
(3)

274.6
228.1
244.1
260.1
231.4
217.9
237.8

285.3
236.7
260.6
272.8
243.5
229.0
247.6

288.9
239.0
262.4
273.2
245.3
232.7
r 249.8

290.4
239.3
264.5
274.0
246.5
233.1
251.7

294.4
241.6
266.6
280.2
247.7
234.8
254.2

298.7
242.8
268.9
282.6
250.4
239.5
258.1

299.5
244.6
270.4
283.9
250.9
239.0
258.3

9.1
7.2
10.8
9.2
8.4
9.7
8.6

.7
.6
.5
.2
-.2
.1

NOV. 1 9 8 0 DEC. 1 9 8 0

DEC. 1 9 7 9 DEC. 1 9 8 0

TOTAL PRIVATE NONFARM:

Constant (1967) dollars
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES . . . . . . .
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
I
1
I

. 3

SEE FOOTNOTE 1, TABLE B-2.
PERCENT CHANGE WAS -2.5 FROM NOVEMBER 1979 TO NOVEMBER 1980, THE LATEST MONTH AVAILABLE.
PERCENT CHANGE WAS .0 FROM OCTOBER 1980 TO NOVEMBER 1980, THE LATEST MONTH AVAILABLE.

N.A. « not available,
p-preliminary.
NOTE: All series are in current dollars except where indicated. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime
premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries.
Table B-5.

Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on private

nonagricultural payrolls- by industry, seasonally adjusted
[1967-100]

*-

1980

1979

Industry division and group
Dec*

TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PRODUCING

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

P

Dec.

126.8

127.1

126.9

126.0

124.8

123.4

122.5

121.9

123.0

c
123.7

1 2'4. 5 1 2 5 . 2

125.7

109.4

110.1

109.1

107.3

105.2

102.2

100.3

98.5

100.0

101.5

102.3

103.6

104.9

MINING

162.5

162.0

162.1

162.9

161.7

163.2

166.4

158.7

162.4

166.7

168.0

170.6

175.0

CONSTRUCTION

132.8

137.7

134.7

126.9

124.7

124.3

123.7

120.6

120.5

124.7

124.5

125.5

126.0

MANUFACTURING

103.5

103.4

102.8

101.8

99.8

96.1

93.8

92.5

94.2

95.2

96.1

97.4

98.7

96.6

DURABLE GOODS

NONDURABLE GOODS

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE

C

106.4
109.4
109.1
110.4
92.9
105.7
114.4
110.4
98.3
128.8
99.4

106.0
109.8
109.7
110.3
92.7
104.8
118.5
110.8
91.7
130.0
99.3

105.8
108.9
108.9
109.6
92.4
104.9
117.5
109.8
93.8
129.1
98.2

105.0
106.5
106.9
108.0
91.8
104.6
116.9
109.4
93.0
128.7
96.9

101.6

96.6

94.0

95.3
106.1
103.5
89.9
102. 1
1 16.1
108.1
85.0
128.4
95.8

90.4
99.0
99.4
82.4
95.3
114.1
103.8
79.1
126.0
91.6

89.6
94.6
96.7
77.4
92.5
110.8
100.1
79.6
125.1
88.5

92.4
91.5
91.0
95.1
73.4
89.9
108.8
98.5
79.8
123.8
89.0

94.1
95.3
94.8
96.5
75.4
92.3
108.6
99.8
82.4
124.1
88.5

95.5
96.8
98.4
99.3
c
77.7
94.5
110.1
100.5
82.5
123.8
88.9

97.0
99.0
99.5
80.5
95.1
110.2
102.1
84.7
124.2
87.6

98.5
99.4
99.2
101.2
83.7
96.2
111.0
103.6
88.2
126.3
88.5

99.6
100.3
101.9
101.2
86.4
96.9
111.1
105.1
88.7
127.8
91.1

99.2
97.6
70.3
91.5
88.5
102.1
105.2
108.2
122.4
143.4
66.4

99.7
96.9
71.7
92.7
90.3
102.9
106.9
109.0
104.9
145.7
66.4

98.4
96.2
70.5
91.6
90.5
102.5
105.9
108.4
75.7
142.2
66.4

97.3
94.6
70.2
91.0
89.2
101.6
105.1
108.0
71.4
141.4
65.6

97.2
94.4
72.4
89.4
89.3
100.4
104.8
107.4
91.6
139.9
66.0

95.4
95.1
73.8
86.4
87.2
96.7
103.6
106.0
113.8
128.5
63.6

93.5
93.2
72.1
82.2
86.7
94.7
103.1
104.4
113.3
123.6
63.3

92.5
93.9
73.0
80.5
86.1
93.6
102.9
102. 1
113.9
119.2
59.5

94.3
94.8
68.1
83.3
87.2
95.0
103.8
102.4
114.8
127.5
63.9

94.7
93.2
71. 1
84.5
87.3
96.5
103.8
103.9
116.1
130.1
63.7

95.4
93.7
74.9
85.3
87.5
97.3
104.1
104.1
117.2
132.8
64.21

95.9
94.5
75. 1
85.7
87.0
98.5
103.7
105.5
116.9
135.1
63.9

97.4
94.3
68.6
87.4
89.0
100.6
107.3
107.3
119.9
137.6
64.1

138.8

138.9

139.2

139.0

138.3

138.1

137.9

138.2

139.0

139.2

139.9

140.2

115.8

114.0

113.7

113.9

113.5

112.6

112.6

112.8

112.6

112.7

113.5

113.4

140.2

113.8

131.0

132.2

132.6

132.7

131.8

130.4

130.3

129.1

128.9

130.4

130.9

131.4

131.4

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

135.0
131.0

135.4
131.5

135.6
131.5

134.5
130.7

134.1
128.9

133.7
129.0

130.8
128.5

131.0
128.0

131.9
129.8

133.3
130.0

133.6
130.6

133.6
130.5

134.5
129.6

FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE

148.2

148.2

149.3

149.6

149.4

149.7

151.2

151. 1

151.8

151.1

152.4

152.6

152.8

SERVICES

156.0

156.4

157.2

157.6

157.6

157.4

157.8

159.1

159.4

159.3

160.0

161.1

161.5

1

See footnote 1, table B-2.




p=preliminary.
c = corrected.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased

Over 1-month span

Over 3-month span

January..
February.
March....

72.4
66.9
73.5

78 .5
84 .3
83 .1

86.0
85.8
84.9

79.1
80.8
82.3

April.
May...
June..

72.4
71.2
65.1

83 .4
76 .2
71 .2

80.8
80.2
77.9

83.4
85.2
86.0

July
August....
September.

64.0
60.5
70.1

67 .7
72 1
72 . 1

74.1
76.7
79.1

84.
82.
82.

October..
November.
December.

65.1
71.8
75.0

77 6
78 5
78 2

81.4
84.6
82.0

82.6
80.8
81.7

January..
February.
March

68.6
68.6
71.8

80 8
77 3
80 2

82.3
82.8
79.9

82.3
81. 1

April.
May...
June..

69.8
61.9
64.2

74 7
73 0
66 6

74.7
75.3
74.7

84.6
83.7
82.6

July
August....
September.

61.0
67.7
67.2

68 0
70 1
74 1

73.3
77.6
80.5

81.1
79.9
79.1

October..
November.
December.

68.0
75.3
74.7

78 2
81 1
81 7

82.0
79.1
78.2

74.1
76.7
74.4

January..
February.
March....

66.9
66.3
62.2

75 9
70 3
64. 0

74.7
71.8
64.0

73.
70.
69.

April.
May...
June. .

49.7
58.1
57.8

60 2
54. 7
59. 9

60.5
53.8
51.5

67.
63.

July
August....
September.

57.0
54.4
52.9

53 8
52 0
57. 6

58,
55.
55;

59.6
54.9
50.6

October..
November.
December.

65.1
55.2
53.5

61. 9
61. 9
57. 3

59.
63.
56.

46.5
39.5
37.8

January..
February.
March....

60.2
54.9
45.9

57. 6
52. 6
39. 2

45.3
36.9
32.3

33.
33.
35.

April.
May. . .
June. .

34.6
28.8
30.2

29. 1
25. 0
23. 8

24.7
26.7
25.6

33. 1
36.9p
35.5p

July
August....
September.

36.3
62.8
62.8

34. 9
54. 4
68. 9

32.3
48.3p
67.7p

October..
November.
December.

64.0
67.2p
63.7p

74. lp
71. 2p

Year end month

Over 6-month span

Over 12-month span

1977

1978

1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p = preliminary.




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
Table 1. Employment status of the population by sex and age
(Numbers In thousands)

I

Employment status, sex, and age

I

J

1976

1977

156,048
2,144
153,904
94,773
61.6
87,485
56.1
3,297
84,188
7,288
7.7
59,130

158,559
2,133
156,426
97,401
62.3
90,546
57.1
3,244
87,302
6,855
7.0
59,025

161,058
2,117
158,941
100,420
63.2
94,373
58.6
3,342
91,031
6,047
6.0
58,521

163,620
2,088
16i,532
102,908
63.7
96,945
59.3
3,297
93,648
5,963
5.8
58,623

73.494
2,091
71,403
55,615
77.9
51,230
68.7
4,385
7.9

74,739
2,038
72,700
56,359
77.5
52,391
70.1
3,968
7.0

75,981
2,108
73,963
57,449
77.7
53,861
70.9
3,588
6.2

77,169
1,992
75,176
58,542
77.9
55,491
71.9
3,051
5.2

78,397
1,949
76,449
59,517
77.9
56,499
72.1
3,018
5.1

65,082
1,724
63,357
50,855
80.3
47,427
72.9
2,422
45,005
3,428
6.7

66,253
1,692
64,561
51,527
79.8
48,486
73.2
2,359
46,128
3,041
5.9

67,484
1,688
65,796
52,464
79.7
49,737
73.7
2,308
47,429
2,727
5.2

68,693
1,687
67,006
53,464
79.8
51,212
74.6
2,361
48,852
2,252
4.2

69,964
1,670
68,293
54,486
79.8
52,264
74.7
2,350
49,913
2,223
4.1

79,954
89
79,865
36,998
46.3
33,553
42.0
3,445
9.3

81,309
106
81,203
38,414
47.3
35,095
43.2
3,320
8.6

82,577
115
82,462
39,952
48.4
36,685
44.5
3,267
8.2

83,890
125
83,765
41,878
50.0
38,882
46.3
2,996
7.2

85,223
139
85,083
43,391
51.0
40,446
47.5
2,945
6.8

71,719
69
71,650
32,959
46.0
30,310
42*3
505
29,805
2,649
8.0

73,003
86
72,917
34,276
47.0
31,730
43.5
511
31,218
2,546
7.4

74,256
97
74,160
35,685
48.1
33,199
44.7
537
32,662
2,486
, 7.0

75,594
105
75,489
37,416
49.6
35,180
46.5
586
34,593
2,236
6.0

76,976
116
76,860
38,910
50.6
36,698
47.7
591
36,107
2,213
5.7

16,648
387
16,261
8,799
54.1
7,046
42.3
453
6,593
1,752
19.9

16,792
366
16,426
8,970
54.6
7,269
43.3
427
6,842
1,701
19.0

16,818
348
16,470
9,252
56.2
7,610
45.2
399
7,211
1,642
17.7

16,771
325
16,447
9,540
58.0
7,981
47.6
395
7,586
1,559
16.3

16,681
302
16,379
9,512
58.1
7,984
47.9
356
7,628
1,528
16.1

1975

TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Armed Forces
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mot in labor force

| 153,449
....j
2,180
| 151.268
...j
92,613
j
61.2
| 84,783
|
55.3
j
3.380
.....j
81.403
I
7.830
|
8.5
j 58.655

I
I

Han, 16 years and over

I

Total noninstitutional population......
Armed Forces
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Unemployment
Unemployment rate

|
j
|
j
j
I
|
j
|

I
I

Men, 20 years and over

I

Total noninstitutional population
Armed Forces
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

|
I
j
I
j
j
|
j
j
I
|

Women, .16 years and over

|

I
I

Total noninstitutional population
.
Armed Forces
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio *
Unemployment
Unemployment rate

. ....|
I
I
I
I
I
|
j
j

I
I

Women, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population
Armed Forces
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
•
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population.-..
Armed Forces.
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio *.
Agriculture
Nonagrlcultural Industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

|

.«••

|
I
I
I
I
I
j
I
I
I
j

I
I

I

|
|
j
I
j
I
I
j
j
j
j

^J

1
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including
Aimed Foicei).




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

HOUSEHOLDJ)ATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

Table 2. Employment statue of the population by race, sex, and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status, race, sex, and age

I 1975

1976

1977

1978

| 135,323
I 1,822
| 133,501
I 82,084
j
61.5
I 73,713
j
54.5
I 6,371
.j
7.8

137,351
1,783
135,569
83,876
61.9
78,021
56.8
5,855
7.0

139,346
1,752
137,595
86,107
62.6
80,734
57.9
5,373
6.2

141,289
1,709
139,580
88,456
63.4
83,836
59.3
4,620
5.2

143,260
1,646
141,614
90,602
64.0
86,025
60.0
4,577
5.1

145,281
1,624
143,657
92,171
64.2
86,380
59.5
5,790
6.3

46,178
80.3
43,704
74.9
2,474
5.4

46,960
80.3
44,784
74.8
2,176
4.6

47,733
80.2
45,977
75.5
1,757
3.7

48,583
80.2
46,854
75.7
1,728
3.6

49,252
79.9
46,671
74.2
2,581
5.2

29,659
46.2
27,634
43.0
2,025
6.8

30,853
47.4
28,930
44.4
1,922
6.2

32,233
48.7
30,547
46.1
1,686
5.2

33,545
49.9
31,876
47.4
1,669
5.0

34,686
50.8
32,756
47.9
1,931
5.6

8,039
57.6
6,683
46.9
1,356
16.9
17.3
16.4

8,295
59.4
7,020
49.2
1,275
15.4
15.0
15.9

8,490
61.0
7,312
51.6
1,178
13.9
13.5
14.4

8,475
61.2
7,295
51.8
1,181
13.9
13.9
13.9

8,233
60.1
6,955
50.0
1,278
15.5
16.2
14.8

18,696
362
18,335
10,897
59.4
9,464
50.6
1,433
13.1

19,212
381
18,831
11,294
60.0
9,812
51.1
1,482
13.1

19,769
408
19,361
11,964
61.8
10,537
53.3
1,427
11.9

20,359
441
19,918
12,306
61.8
10,920
53.6
1,386
11.3

20,964
478
20,486
12,548
61.2
10,890
51.9
1,658
13.2

5,349
75.6
4,782
64.9
566
10.6

5,504
75.6
4,953
65.3
551
10.0

5,731
76.5
5,236
67.0
495
8.6

5,904
76.4
5,409
67.0
495
8.4

5,982
75.1
5,301
63.6
681
11.4

4,617
52.6
4,096
46.7
521
11.3

4,832
53.4
4,268
47.0
564
11.7

5,182
55.5
4,632
49.5
550
10.6

5,366
55.6
4,822
49.8
544
10.1

5,557
55.8
4,941
49.4
616
11.1

931
37.7
586
23.2
345
37.1
35.4
39.0

957
38.4
590
23.1
367
38.3
37.0
39.9

1,050
41.6
669
25.9
381
36.3
34.4
38.4

1,036
40.8
689
26.4
347
33.5
31.5
35.7

1,009
39.5
648
24.6
361
35.8
34.9
36.9

1980

WHITE
Total noninstitutional population
Armed Forces
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rat.'
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

I
Men, 20 years and over

|

Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

|
j
I
j
I
j

I

I
I

Women, 2 0 years and over

45,617
80.7
42,801
43.9
2,816
6.2

I

Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
.
Employment-population ratio !
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

I 28,609
j 45.3
I 26,459
j 43.0
I 2,149
I
7.5

I
I

Both sexes, 16-19 years

I

Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio l
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

I
7,858
I 56.7
j
6,452
j 45.5
I 1,406
•. j
17.9
I 18.3
I 17.4

I
BLACK AND OTHER

I

I
Total noninstitutional population
Armed Forces
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio '
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

I 18,126
I
355
j 17,768
I 10,529
j 59.3
j
9,070
*.. j
50.0
I 1,459
j 13.9

I

Man, 2 0 years and over

I

Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio !
Unemployed.
Unemployment rate

.*

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio1
Unemployed
Unemployment rate.

I
5,238
I 76.4
I
4,626
j • 64.8
I
612
j
11.7
I

•

..|
*..j
j
j
j
.....j

4,351
51.2
3,851
45.2
500
11.5

I
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate...
Employed
Employment-population ratio '
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
•
Man
•

I
I
940
....j 39.1
I
594
«.. • • j
24.0
j
347
••••
j 36.9
| 35.4
| 38.5

l_
Civilian •mployment as a parcent of tha total noninstitutional population (including




HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

HOUSEHOLD DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

Table 3. Major unemployment Indicatort
Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Category

Unemployment rates

1979

1980

5,963
2,223
2,213
1,528

7,448
3,261
2,547
1,640

8.5
6.7
8.0
19.9

7.7
5.9
7.4
19.0

7.0
5.2
7.0
17.7

6.0
4.2
6.0
16.3

1,269
415

1,499
554

14.7
12.2

13.8
11.5

13.9
10.0

12.6
9.1

1,101
1,224
413

1,674
1,417
469

5.1
7.9
10.0

4.2
7.1
10.0

3.6
6.5
9.3

4,639
1,325

6,108
1,341

8.1
10.3
9.1

7.3
10.1
8.3

6.5
9.8
7.6

1,703
373
225
252
853
2,377
604
1,000
206
566
980
106

1,951
395
270
283
1,004
3,414
884
1,436
335
760
1,107
125

4.7
3.2
3.0
5.8

4.6
3.2
3.1
5.4
6.4
9.4
6.9
10.8
7.7
13.7
8.7
4.5

4.3
3.0
.2.8
5.3
5.9
8.1
5.6
9.5
6.6
12.0
8.2
4.6

3.5
2.6
2.1
4.1
4.9
6.9
4.6
8.1
5.2
10.7
7.4
3.8

3.3
2.4
2.1
3.9
4.6
6.9
4.5
8.4
5.4
10.8
7.1
3.8

4,336
525
1,271
685
586
200
1,214
1,083
589
141

5,642
723
1,953
1,235
717
274
1,404
1,226
660
168

9.2
18.1
10.9
11.3
10.4
5.6
8.7
6.6
4.0
10.3

7.9
15.6
7.9
7.7
8.1
5.0
8.6
6.5
4.4
11.7

7.0
12.7
6.7
6.2
7.4
4.7
8.0
6.0
4.2
11.1

5.9
10.6
5.5
4.9
6.3
3.7
6.9
5.1
3.9

5.7
10.2
5.5
5.0
6.4
3.7
6.5
4.9
3.7
9.1

1978

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years*
Black
Hispanic origin

..

*

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

«
•

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost

5.8
4.1
5.7
16.1

OCCUPATION?
White-collar workers..
...
Professional and technical.!
.'
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
•
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers^
Craft and kindred workers
/.
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonf arm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
INDUSTRY *
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
•
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

1
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
2
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas




that by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
3
Includes mining, not shown separately.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

Tabta 4, Employs** on nonagricultural payrolls by industry and major manufacturing group
(In thousands)
1

"I

1

1

•

'

'

kNtaffry
1977

1978

1979

1980p

82,471

86,697

89,886

90,652

3,189

766

24,346

25,585

26,504

25,857

919

-647

813

851

960

1,025

109

65

3,851

4,229

4,483

4,468

254

-15

MANUFACTURING

19,682

20,505

21,062

20,365

557

-697

OUItASLE GOODS

11,597
721.9
464.3
668.7
1,181.6
1,582.8
2,174.7
1,878.0
1,871.5
615.1
438.4

12,274
754.7
494.1
698.2
1,214.9
1,672.6
2,325,5
2,006.1
2,002.8
653.1
451.5

12,772
766.1
499.3
709.7
1,250.2
1,723.7
2,481.6
2,124,3
2,082.8
688.9
445.6

12,218
686.7
473.7
667.9
1,132.7
1,627,2
2.488.5
2,126.9
1,892.2
700.1
422.0

498
11.4
5.2
11.5
35.3
51.1
156.1
118.2
80.0
35,8
-5.9

-554
-79.4
-25.6
-41.8
-117.5
-96.5
6.9
2.6
-190.6
11.2
-23.6

NONDURABLE OOOOS
Food and kindred products

8,086
1,711.0
70,7
910.2
1,316.3
691.6
1,141.4
1,073.7
202.3
713.5
254.8

8,231
1,724.1
70.6
899,1
1,332.3
698.7
1,192.0
1,095.5
207.7
754.5
256.8

8,290
1,728.1
69.9
888.5
1,312*5
706.7
1,239.5
1,110.7
210.0
775.6
248.0

8,147
1,689.0
68.7
864.0
1,297.7
694.3
1,272.1
1,112.9
197.3
711.0
240.0

59
4.0
-.7
-10.6
-19.8
8.0
47.5
15,2
. 2*3
71.1
-8.8

-143
-39.1
-1.2
-24.5
-14.8
-12.4
32.6
2.2
-12.7
-64.6
-8.0

58,125

61,113

63,382

64,795

2,26V

1,413

4,713

4,923

5,141

5,155

218

14

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

18,516

19,542

20,269

20,571

727

302

WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE

4,708
13,808

4,969
14,573

5,204
15,066

5,261
15,290

235
493

77
224

TOTAL
QOODS^ROOUCING
MININQ
CONSTRUCTION

Apparel and other textile products
Chemicals and allied products

,

SERVICE-PRODUCING
TRANSPORTATION AND PURLIC UTILITIES

FINANCE. INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
GOVERNMENT
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL




,.

1978-1979

1979-1980

4,467

4,724

4,974

5,162

250

188

15,303

16,252

17,078

17,736

826

658

13,127

15,672

15,920

16,171

248

251

2,753
12,919

2,773
13,147

2,867
13,304

20
228

94
157

2,727
12,399

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES
Table 5.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

Production or nonsupervisory w o r k e r s 1 o n private nonagricuKural payrolls

by i n d u s t r y division and mmior manufacturing group

1978

TOTAL PRIVATE

55,179

58,156

60,442

638

721

3,021

3,354

14,135

MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES

1980

p

1978-1979

60,589

2,286

3,581

3,516

227

83

14,734

15,085

14,281

351

8,307
.616.3
381
532
922
198
422
233
290
375
334

8,805
646.6
406
554
954
1,270
1,526
1,317
1,383
400
344

9,120
653.1
407.3
559.5
'983.6
1,303.6
1,631.8
1,393.7
1,427.4
420.1
339.8

8,470
574.9
382.
517.
870.
1,206.
1,600.
1,354.
1,228.0
418.3
316.9

315
6.5
1
5
29
33
105
75
43
19,8
-4.7

5,828
1,161.0
57.0
792.3
1,129.4
518.2
646.5
616.0
131.3
558.1
218.4

5,929
1,173.9
56.2
783.1
1,144.6
524
671
627
135
591
220

5,965
1,186.6
55
774
1,123
535
701
633
137
607
211

5,811
1,155.7
53
751
1,108
523
714
627
124
547
202

36
12. 7
8
-9! 0
-21. 1
10. 8
29. 3
5.8
1. 7
16. 2
-9.3

4,008

4,142

4,304

4,302

162

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

16,316

17,219

17,818

18,044

599

WHOLESALE TRADE

3,878
12,438

4,094
13,125

4,274
13,544

4,316
13,728

180
419

3,397

3,593

3,774

3,905

181

13,683

14,476

15,161

15,777

685

RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES

For coverage of series, see footnote 1, table B-2 .




p*preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ANNUAL AVERAGES

Table 6. Gross hours and earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls
by industry division and major manufacturing group
* .

*-"~* —

*Houn

—

— r — »

Industry

1977

1978

1979

36.0

35.8

35.6

35.3 ,5.25

1980"

1977

1978

1979

$5.69 $6.16

1980*

1977

1978

1979

1980

p

$6.66 $189.00 $203.70 $219.30 $235.10

43.4

43.4

43.0

43.2

6.94

7.67

8.50

9.18

301.20

332.88

365.50

396.58

CONSTRUCTION

36.5

36.8

37.0

37.0

8.10

8.66

9.27

9.93 295.65

318.69

342.99

367.41

MANUFACTURING

40.3
3.5

40.4
3.6

40.2
3.3

39.7
2.8

5.68

6.17

6.69

7.27 2 2 8 . 9 0

249.27

268.94

288.62

41.0
3.7
39.8
39.0
41.3
41.3
41.0
41.5

41.1
3.8
39.8
39.3
41.6
41.8
41.0
42.1

40.8
3.5
39.4
38.7
41.5
41.4
40.7
41.8

40.2
2.8
38.6
38.0
40.8
40.1
40.4
41.1

6.06

6.58

7.13

7.76

248.46

270.44

290.90

5.10
4.34
5.81
7.40
5.91
6.26

5.60
4.68
6.33
8.20
6.35
6.78

6.08
5.06
6.85
8.97
6.84
7.32

6.56
5.48
7.51
9.77
7.43
8.04

202.98
169.26
239.95
305.62
242.31
259.79

222.88
183.92
263.33
342.76
260.35
285.44

239.55
195.82
284.28
371.36
278.39
305.98

253.22
208.2.4
306.41
391.78
300.17
330.44

40.4
42.5

40.3
42.2

40.3
41.1

39.8
40.6

5.39
7.29

5.82
7.91

6.32
8.54

6.96
9.35

217.76
309.83

234.55
333.80

254.70
350.99

277.01
379.61

40.6

40.9

40.8

40.5

5.29

5.71

6.17

6.80

214.77

233.54

251.74

275.40

38.8

38.8

38.8

38.7

4.36

4.69

5.03

5.45

169.17

181.97

195.16

210.92

39.4
3.2
40.0
37.8
40.4
35.6
42.9
37.7
41.7
42.7
41.0
36.9

39.4
3.2
39.7
38.1
40.4
35.6
42.9
37.6
41.9
43.6
40.9
37.1

39.3
3.1
39.9
38.0
40.4
35.3
42.6
37.5
41.9
43.8
40.5
36.5

39.0
2.8
39.7
38.2
40.1
35.4
42.3
37.1
41.5
41.7
40.0
36.7

5.11

5.53

6.00

6.53

201.33

217.88

235.80

5.37
5.54
3.99
3.62
5.96
6.12
6.43
7.83
5.17
3.61

5.80
6.13
4.30
3.94
6.52
6.51
7.02
8.63
5.52
3.89

6.27
6.65
4.66
4.23
7.13
6.95
7.60
9.36
5.96
4.22

6.86
7.67
5.07
4.57
7.85
7.54
8.29
10.09
6.49
4.57

214.80
209.41
161.20
128.87
255.68
230.72
268.13
334.34
211.97
133.21

230.26
233.55
173.72
140.26
279.71
244.78
294.14
376.27
225.77
144.32

250.17
252.70
188.26
149.32
303.74
260.63
318.44
409.97
241.38
154.03

344.04
420.75
259.60
167.72

TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES

39.9

40.0

39.9

39.6

6.99

7.57

8.17

8.88 278.90

302.80 325.98

'351.65

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE

33.3

32.9

32.6

32.1

4.28

4.67

5.06

5.48 142.52

153.64 164.96

175.91

38.8
31.6

38.8
31.0

38.8
30.6

38.5
30.2

5.39
3.85

5.88
4.2,0

6.39
4.53

6.97 2 0 9 . 1 3
4 . 8 8 121.66

228.14 2 4 7 . 9 3
130.20 138.62

268.35
147.38

36.4

36.4

36.2

36.2

4.54

4.89

3.27

5 . 7 8 165.26

178.00 190.77

33.0

32.8

32.7

32.6

4.65

4.99

5.36

5 . 8 5 153.45

163.67 175.27

Stone, clay, and glass products
Fabricated mttal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic

Instruments and related
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Chemwels and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products .

FINANCE. INSURANCE. AND
SERVICES




272.34
292.99
203.31
161.78
332.06

190.71