Full text of The Employment Situation : December 1979
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- 2 -
^ L l ^ ^ E M U ^ ^
United States
Although unemployment has remained steady in recent months, the
INCWo gar
Bureau of Labor Statistics
workers
number
of
nonagricultural
on part-time schedules for economic r e a s o n s — a group analysts sometimes refer to as the
partially unemployed—has increased from 3.2 million in September to 3.5
million
in
December.
(See table A-3.)
Washington, D.C. 20212
Total Employment and the Labor Force
Contact:
Norm Bowers
Beth Gelin
Kathryn Hoyle
(202)
(202)
523-1944
523-1371
523-1913
523-1208
USDL 80-2
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL I" THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
JANUARY 11, 1980
Total
employment
employment-population
year, total employment
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
DECEMBER
of
the
U.
S.
Department of Labor reported today.
Bureau
of
Labor
and
similar
to
Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—rose by 300,000
315,000
those
to
97.9
Over the past year, total employment has increased by 2.1 million.
over
the
month to 90.4 million.
Selected categories
survey
of
establishments—advanced
Payroll jobs increased by 2.3 million since December
H0USEH0LD DATA
Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers
I
1
I
1
I
I
Unemployment
million,
has
were
fluctuated
about
within
the same as in
the narrow
the
the previous month.
number
of
unemployed
Since August 1978, the
band of 5.7 to 5.9 percent (as revised,
based
persons,
6.1
jobless rate
on
updated
(16.0 percent) were virtually the same as in November.
(See tables A-l
and
Jobless rates for whites (5.1
percent) and blacks (11.3 percent) and most other worker groups were also at or near the
;
*
nd A-2.)
I
|
|
I
I
I
|
|
|
97.9
million,
returning
the
Over the past
for both whites and blacks
+
i
p»preliminary
Quarterly averages
I
1978 |
I
IV
|
1979
I
III
|
IV
I
Monthly data
I
I
|
1979
I
I
I
| Oct. 1 Nov.
1 Dec.
I
I
I
I
I
|
I
|
5.81
4.0|
5.7|
16.21
5.0|
11.51
5.2!
I
I
|
5.81
4.2 I
5.6|
16.2|
5 -11
10.91
5.31
I
I
I
I
Percent of labor force
|
|
I
5.9|
5.91
5.8|
4 .2 [
4.2 I
4.3 I
5.7|
5.7|
5.61
16.11
16.41
15.9|
5.l|
5.l|
5.11
11.21
11 -51
10.91
5.41
5-41
5.41
Nov.Dec.
change
1
I
I
I
|
I
,
|
35-81
40.61
3.7|
I
I
I
|
5.91
4.2 I
5.7|
16.01
5.11
11.3|
5.41
1
I
|
35.7p|
40.3p|
3.3p|
I
I
I
I
0.1
-.1
.1
.1
0
.4
0
I
Hours of work
|
|
|
I
35.61 3 5 . 7 p |
35.61 35.7p|
40.21" 4 0 . 2 p |
40.2 i 4 0 . 1 p |
3.21
3.2p|
3.2|
3.2p|
I
1
347
3
4j
-127
N.A.
I
I
I
Thousands of jobs
I 87,7991 89,759 190,172p| 89,982 190,109pl90,426pI
I 26,1111 26,638126,609p| 26,572 126,542pl26,712p|
I 61,688| 63,121|63,564p| 63,410163,567p|63,7l4p|
I
Average weekly hours:
T o t a l p r i v a t e nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
This release incorporates revisions in seasonally adjusted
unemployment and other
labor force series derived from the household survey. The revisions altered
the overall
rate in only 3 months of 1979. The 1979 overall rates as originally published and as
revised, plus additional information on the revisions, appear on page 6.
* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * / .
Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing industries
Service-producing industries
levels
***********************************************
*
*
*
*
*
Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and other
Full-time workers
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
The December unemployment rates for adult men (4.2 percent), adult women (5.7 percent),
which have prevailed over the past several months.
to
I
Thousands of persons
1101,5381103,2381103,749 1103,595 1103,652 1103,999 I
| 95,653 I 97,2311 97,665 I 97,4741 97,6081 97,9121
I 5,8851 6,0081 6,084| 6,1211 6,044| 6,0871
j 58,384| 58,568| 58,842| 58,780| 58,9371 58,810|
|
7721
7311
7411
N.A.I
N.A.I
N.A.I
I
seasonal adjustment factors).
teenagers
December
|
I
1978.
The December unemployment rate, 5.9 percent, and
in
of 59.4 percent first reached in July.
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
which have prevailed since August 1978.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the monthly
300,000
high
has increased by 2.1 million, with increases
The Nation's unemployment rate
was 5.9 percent, little different from the November rate of 5.8 percent
million.
by
ratio to its
1979
Employment rose in December and unemployment was virtually unchanged, the
Statistics
advanced
I
N.A.»not a v a i l a b l e
JlTp"
170p
147p
Op
0.2p
-.lp
- 3 -
- 4 -
about proportionate to their share of the population.
(See table A-l.)
The civilian labor force totaled 104.0 million in December, up
nearly
2.3
million from December a year ago.
Hours
350,000
from
November
and
Women accounted for the bulk of these increases.
The overall civilian labor force participation rate was 63.9 percent in December,
equaling
its
previous high recorded in September.
because they believe they cannot find any.
are
not
for
jobs
Because they do not meet the labor market test—that
These data are published on a quarterly basis.
The number of discouraged workers, at 740,000, was little changed
quarter
looking
engaged in active job search—they are classified as not in the labor force
rather than unemployed.
and over the past year.
from
the
previous
(See table A-10.)
Over the past year,
In contrast to recent months in which job growth had
(See table B-l.)
of .the past 4 months and returning employment to near its July level.
rose by 110,000, with durable and nondurable goods industries
respectively.
more widespread.
trend
Manufacturing employment
contributing
65,000
and
45,000
Electrical and transportation equipment accounted for most of
the growth in durable goods, each rising by 25,000.
somewhat
Gains in nondurable goods
industries
were
Elsewhere in the goods sector, employment in construction and mining
rose by 45,000 and 15,000, respectively.
The
largest
gain
pattern
of
long-term
took place in the services industry (70,000), while increases also
occurred in government (50,000) and finance (30,000).
Employment in
and public utilities remained at essentially the November levels.
result
of
the
rise in employment.
Factory overtime edged
in
up
0.1
(See table B-2.)
December
to
126.9
(1967-100),
The index was up' 2".2 percent over the year.
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
payrolls
rose
0.9
percent
(seasonally adjusted).
in
December
and
were
private
nonagricultural
7.9 percent above the December 1978 level
Average weekly earnings also rose 0.9 percent in December
$6.38,
47
cents
above
December
November and $15.69 over the year.
and
were
up
trade
and
1978;
average
weekly
rose
4
cents
in
December
to
earnings were $229.04, up $3.34 from
(See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage
239.1
(1967=100)
in
transportation
and
December, 0.8 percent higher than in November.
above December a year ago.
In dollars of constant purchasing pover,
percent during the 12-month period ended in November.
l^w-wage
industries—was
The index was 8.2 percent
the
Index
decreased
4.1
(See table B-4.)
Over-the-Year Developments
The Nation's job situation in 1979 was characterized by a slowdown in the rate of employment
and labor force expansion compared
Jobs in the service-producing sector grew by 145,000, continuing the
growth.
the
percent
nonagricultural
The Hourly Earnings Index—earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and
Employment increased by 170,000 in the goods-producing sector, reversing the downward
jobs,
been
the service-producing industries, the December employment growth was marked by
gains in both the goods- and the service-producing sectors.
additional
entirely
0.5
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings
Nonfarm payroll employment rose by 315,000 in December to 90.4 million.
in
private
7.6 percent over the year.
Industry Payroll Employment
payroll employment grew 2.3 million.
on
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
both
Just over three-fifths of this number cited job-market factors
as the reason for their discouragement.
concentrated
workers
Manufacturing hours advanced by 0.2 to
40.3 hours but remained 0.3 hour below the first quarter level.
The index of aggregate weekly hours rose
Discouraged workers are those who report that they want work but. are not
they
nonsupervisory
was 35.7 in December, unchanged from November.
to 3.3 hours, after holding at 3.2 hours in the August-November period.
Discouraged Workers
is,
The average workweek of production or
payrolls
measures,
while
still
high
by
with
recent
historical
years.
standards
nevertheless well below the pace of the previous 3 years.
movement between late 1978 and late 1979.
Growth
at
over
in
2
these
two
labor
market
million persons each, was
The unemployment rate
showed
little
- 5 There were no dramatic over-the-year changes in the overall unemployment picture.
However,
NOTE ON SEASONAL ADJUSTMENT
the
unemployment
rate
for adult men, which is typically more sensitive to cyclical movements,
registered a small rise.
addition,
the
number
The unemployment rate in manufacturing was
of
unemployed
persons
up
almost
a
point.
In
on layoff at year-end was nearly a quarter of a
million above the level of a year earlier, and the number
of
persons
working
part
time
for
economic reasons increased by about 400,000.
While adult women have comprised a large proportion of the labor force growth
few
years,
this
in
the
past
pattern was even more dramatic in 1979, when they accounted for two-thirds of
the expansion in both labor force and employment.
Nonfarm
payroll
service-producing
employment
sector
also
accounted
increased
by
for
than
more
more
than
2
million
three-quarters
Manufacturing employment showed little over-the-year growth,
while
of
in
the
employment
1979.
The
overall
gain.
increases
strong in construction and mining as well as in several of the service-producing industries.
were
At the end of each calendar year,, the Bureau of Labor Statistics revises the
seasonally
adjusted
labor force series derived from the Current Population Survey (household survey) to
incorporate the experience of the past year. As a result of the recalculation of the
seasonal
factors, seasonally adjusted data for the past 5 years are subject to revision.
This year the BLS is introducing
two major modifications
in seasonal
adjustment
methodology.
First, the labor force data are being seasonally adjusted with a new procedure
called X-11/ARIMA, developed at Statistics Canada as an extension of the standard X-ll
method.
The X-ll procedure was originally developed at the Bureau of the Census and has been used to
seasonally adjust labor force series at the BLS for the past several years.
Tests have
shown
that use of X-11/ARIMA, which essentially places more emphasis on recent data, provides better
seasonal adjustment results than does use of the standard X-ll. Secondly, seasonal factors will
now be calculated for use during the first 6 months of the year rather than for the entire year.
Then, in July of each year, the Bureau will calculate and publish a new set of seasonal
factors
for use in the second half, based on the experience through June. These two changes are
expected to result in fewer and/or smaller revisions of seasonally adjusted data. Revisions of
the historical data will continue to be made once a year, at the end of each calendar year.
The table below contains the seasonally adjusted overall unemployment rates for the past 12
months as originally published and as revised. Previously published data were unchanged
in 9
months of the year and altered
by only 0.1 percentage point in the other 3 months. These
revisions did not affect the 1979 annual average rate of 5.8 percent, which was calculated using
unadjusted data.
New seasonal adjustment factors to be used
to calculate
the overall unemployment
rate
during January-June 1980, a description of the current seasonal adjustment methodology, and
revised data for the most recent 13 months or calendar quarters (tables A- 1, 2, 33-42 and
44-53) will appear in the January 1980 issue of Employment and Earnings. Revised data for the
entire 1975-79 revision period for nearly 500 labor force series will be published, as is the
usual practice, in the February 1980 issue. Historical data (monthly and quarterly) from the
time of the inception of the various series may be obtained
from the Bureau upon request.
(Contact John Stinson, 202-523-1944.)
Revised seasonally adjusted unemployment rates in 1979
As previously
published
January
February
March
April
May
June
July
August
September
October
November
December
* Not published
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.6
5.7
6.0
5.8
6.0
5.8
5.9*
As revised
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.8
5.8
5.7
5.7
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.9
Chart 1. Civilian labor force and employment
Explanatory Note
(Seasonally adjusted)
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
Chart 2. Unemployment r a t e — a l l
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
civilian workers
This release presents and analyzes statistics from
two major surveys. Data on labor force, total employment, and unemployment (A tables) are derived from
the Current Population Survey—a sample survey of
households which is conducted by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Beginning in
September 1975, th# sample was enlarged by 9,000
households in order to provide greater reliability fqr
smaller States and thus permit the publication of annual
statistics for all 50 States and the District of Columbia.
These supplementary households were added to the
47,000 national household sample in January 1978; thus
the sample now consists of about 56,000 households
selected to represent the U.S. civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over.
Statistics on nonagricultural payroll employment,
hours, and earnings (B tables) are collected by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies, from payroll records of a sample of approximately 162.000 establishments. Unless otherwise indicated, data for both statistical series relate to the week
containing the 12th day of the specified month.
Comparability of household and payroll
employment statistics
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
Chart 3. Civilian labor force participation
and t o t a l employment-population r a t i o
(Seasonally adjusted)
1976
1977
1978
1979
rate
Employment data from the household and payroll
surveys differ in several basic respects. The household
survey provides information on the labor force activity
of the entire civilian noninstitutional population, 16
years of age and over, without duplication. Each person
is classified as either employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force. The household survey counts employed
persons in both agriculture and nonagricultural
industries and, in addition to wage and salary workers
(including private household workers), counts the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and persons "with a
job but not at work" and not paid for the period absent.
The payroll survey relates only to paid wage and
salary employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments. Persons who worked at
more than one job during the survey week or otherwise
appear on more than one payroll are counted more than
once in the establishment survey. Such persons are
counted only once in the household survey and are
classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours.
Unemployment
To be classified in the household survey as
unemployed an individual must: (1) Have been without a
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
Note: The shaded areas depict the business cycle peaks and troughs
as designated by the National Bureau of Economic Research.
1977
1978
1979
job during the survey week; (2) have made specific
efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4
weeks; and (3) be presently available for work. In
addition, persons on layoff and those waiting to begin a
new job (within 30 days), neither of whom must meet
the jobseeking requirements, are also classified as
unemployed. The unemployed total includes ail persons
who satisfactorily meet the above criteria, regardless
of their eligibility for unemployment insurance benefits
or any kind of public assistance. The unemployment rate
represents the unemployed as a proportion of the
civilian labor force (the employed and unemployed
combined).
The Bureau regularly publishes a wide variety of
labor market measures. See, for example, the demographic, occupational, and industry detail in tables A-2
and A-3 of this release and the comprehensive
data package in Employment and Earnings each month.
A special grouping of seven unemployment measures is
set forth in table A-7. Identified by the symbols U-l
through U-7, these measures represent a range of
possible definitions of unemployment and of the labor
force—from the most restrictive (U-l) to the most
comprehensive (U-7). The official rate of unemployment
appears as U-5.
Seasonal adjustment
Nearly all economic phenomena are affected to
some degree by seasonal variations. These are
recurring, predictable events which are repeated more
or less regularly each year—changes in weather, opening
and closing of schools, major holidays, industry production schedules, etc. The cumulative effects of these
events are often large. For example, on average over
the year, they explain about 95 percent of the monthto-month variance in the unemployment figures. Since
seasonal variations tend to be large relative to the
underlying cyclical trends, it is necessary to use
seasonally-adjusted
data to interpret short-term
economic developments.
Seasonal adjustment
factors for u n e m p l o y m e n t and other labor force
s e r i e s a r e c a l c u l a t e d at the beginning of each
year for the J a n u a r y - J u n e p e r i o d and at m i d - y e a r
for the J u l v - D e c e m b e r p e r i o d .
All seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force anc
unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major
employment and unemployment estimates, are computed by aggregating independently adjusted series.
The official unemployment rate for all civilian workers
is derived by dividing the estimate for total unem-
ployment (the sum of four seasonally-adjusted age-sex
components) by the civilian labor force (the sum of 12
seasonally-adjusted age-sex components).
For establishment data, the seasonally-adjusted
series for all employees, production workers, average
weekly hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted
by aggregating the seasonally-adjusted data from the
respective component series. These data are also
revised annually, often in conjunction with benchmark
(comprehensive counts of employment) adjustments.
(The most recent revision of seasonally-adjusted data
was based on data through June 1979.)
Sampling variability
Both the household and establishment survey
statistics are subject to sampling error, which should be
taken into account in evaluating the levels of a series as
well as changes over time. Because the household
survey is based upon a probability sample, the results
may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it
were possible to take a complete census using the same
questionnaires and procedures. The standard error is the
measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation
that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68
out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs
from a figure that would be obtained through a
complete census by less than the standard error. Tables
A through I in the "Explanatory Notes" of Employment
and Earnings provide approximations of the standard
errors for unemployment and other labor force
categories. To obtain a 90-percent level of confidence,
the confidence interval generally used by BLS, the
errors should be multiplied by 1.6. The following
examples provide an indication of the magnitude of
sampling error: For a monthly change in total em-
ployment, the standard error is on the order of plus or
minus 182,000. Similarly, the standard error on a change
in total unemployment is approximately 115,000. The
standard error on a change in the national unemployment rate is 0.12 percentage point.
Although the relatively large size of the monthly
establishment survey assures a high degree of accuracy,
the estimates derived from it also may differ from the
figures obtained if a complete census using the same
schedules and procedures were possible. However, since
the estimating procedures utilize the previous month's
level as the base in computing the current month*s'level
of employment (link-relative technique), sampling arid
response errors may accumulate over several months.
To remove this accumulated error, the employment
estimates
are
adjusted
to
new
benchmarks
(comprehensive counts of employment), usually on an
annual basis. In addition to taking account of sampling
and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the
estimates for changes in the industrial classification of
individual establishments. Employment^ estimates are
currently projected from March 1978 levels.
One measure of the reliability of the employment
estimates for individual industries is the root-meansquare error (RMSE). The RMSE is the standard deviation adjusted for the bias in estimates. If the bias is
small, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its benchmark by less than the RMSE. For total nonagricultural
employment, the RMSE is on the order of plus or minus
83,000. Measures of reliability (approximations of the
RMSE) for establishment-survey data and actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are
provided in tables K through P in the "Explanatory
Notes" of Employment and Earnings.
NOTE: Household data for December 1979 relate to the week
of December 2-8 (week of the 5th) rather than the usual week containing the 12th day.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A - 1 . Employment status of t h e noninstitutional population
[Numbers in thousands]
•nasi
Dec.
Nov.
Dec.
Dec.
1978
1979
1979
19 7 8
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
1979
1979
1979
1979
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3 .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
162,250
2,108
160,142
101,632
63.5
95,906
59.1
2,990
92,916
5,725
5.6
58,510
164,682
2,092
162,589
103,719
63.8
97,943
59.5
3,257
94,686
5,776
5.6
58,870
164,898
2,089
162,809
103,884
63.8
98,047
5 9.5
2, 995
95,052
5,836
5.6
58,925
162,250
2,108
160,142
101,815
63.6
95,831
59.1
3,375
92,456
5,984
5.9
58,327
163,891
2,090
161,801
103,128
63.7
97,004
59.2
3,315
93,689
6,124
5.9
58,673
164,106
2,092
162,013
103,494
63.9
97,504
59.4
3,364
94,140
5,990
5.8
58,519
164,468
2,093
162,375
103,595
63.8
97,474
59.3
3,294
94,180
6,121
5.9
58,780
164,682
2,092
162,589
103,652
63.8
97,608
59.3
3,385
94,223
6,044
5.8
58,937
69,288
67,600
53,935
79.8
51,713
74.6
2,250
49,463
2,221
4.1
13,665
70,487
68,804
54,662
79.4
52,485
74.5
2,403
50,082
2,177
4.0
14,142
70,594
68,940
54,666
79.3
52,335
74.1
2,292
50,043
2,331
4.3
14,274
69,288
67,600
54,059
80.0
51,861
74.8
2,387
49,474
2,198
4.1
13,541
70,099
68,417
54,597
79.8
52,311
74.6
2,375
49,936
2,286
4.2
13,820
70,205
68,522
54,735
79.9
52,453
74.7
2,377
50,076
2,282
4.2
13,787
70,380
68,697
54,760
79.7
52,443
74.5
2,371
50,072
2,317
4.2
13,937
70,487
68,804
54,709
79.5
52,374
74.3
2,438
49,936
2,335
4.3
14,095
76,227
76,119
38,514
50.6
36,457
47.8
479
35,978
2,057
5.3
37,605
77,547
77,426
39,963
51.6
37,799
48.7
591
37,207
2,164
5.4
37,463
77,666
77,542
40,057
51.7
37,954
48.9
466
37,487
2,104
5.3
37,485
76,227
76,119
38,156
50.1
35,944
47.2
598
35,346
2,212
5.8
37,963
77,127
77,006
39,304
51.0
37,000
48.0
600
36,400
2,304
5.9
37,702
77,245
77,124
39,239
50.9
37,075
48.0
628
36,447
2,164
5.5
37,885
77,429
77,308
39,362
50.9
37,112
47.9
572
36,540
2,250
5.7
37,946
77,547
7**.426
39,445
50.9
37,248
48.0
612
36,636
2,197
5.6
37,981
16,734
16,422
9,183
55.9
7,736
46.2
262
7,475
1,447
15.8
7,239
16,648
16,360
9,095
55-6
7,660
46.0
262
7,397
1,435
15.8
7,265
16,638
16,326
9,160
56.1
7,759
46.6
237
7,522
1,401
15.3
7,166
16,734
16,422
9,600
58.5
8,026
48.0
390
7,636
1,574
16.4
6,822
16,665
16,377
9,227
56.3
7,693
46.2
340
7,353
1,534
16.6
7,150
16,655
16,367
9,520
58.2
7,976
47.9
359
7,617
1,544
16.2
6,847
16,659
16,370
9,473
57.9
7,919
47.5
351
7,568
1,554
16.4
6,897
16,648
16,360
9,498
58.1
7,986
48.0
335
7,651
1,512
15.9
6,862
142,198
140,507
89,556
63.7
85,133
59.9
4,422
4.9
50,951
144,101
142,461
91,351
64.1
86,862
60.3
4,490
4.9
51,110
144,267
142,645
91,509
64.2
86,993
60.3
4,516
4.9
51,136
142,198
140,507
89,668
63.8
85,069
59.8
4,599
5.1
50,839
143,461
141,822
90,759
64.0
85,976
59.9
4,783
5.3
51,063
143,621
141,981
91,082
64.2
86,425
60.2
4,657
5.1
50,899
143,937
142,296
91,147
64.1
86,454
60.1
4,693
5.1
51,149
144,101
142,461
91,242
64.0
86,571
60.1
4,671
5.1
51,219
20,051
19,635
12,076
61.5
10.773
53.7
1,303
10.8
7,559
20,580
20,128
12,368
61.4
11,081
53.8
1,287,
10.4
7,760
20,631
20,163
12,374
61.4
11,054
53.6
1,321
10.7
7,789
20,051
19,635
12,141
61.8
10,752
53.6
1,389
11.4
7,494
20,431
19,979
12,343
61.8
10,982
53.8
1,361
11.0
7,636
20,484
20,032
12,404
61.9
11,063
54.0
1,341
10,8
7,628
20,531
20,079
12,512
62.3
11,076
53.9
1,436
11.5
7,567
20,580
20,128
12,391
61.6
11,044
53.7
1,347
10.9
7,737
Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 1 .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Women, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
White
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
Black and other
Total noninstitutional population1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio 3 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adfutfad for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstituttowjl population (including Armed
Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
' (In thousands)
Unemployment rates
Selected categories
i/t'j,
Dec.
A uq.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1S7H
1978
1979
15 7«
1979
1979
19*»S?
5.9
5.9
4.2
5.9
1o„6
5.H
<*.2
5.5
16.2
5.9
4.2
5.7
16.4
5.8
4.5
5.6
15.9
5.9
4.2
5.7
16.0
5.3
3.7
5.2
14.8
'.1
3.7
4.t
14. I
5.1
3.7
5.0
14.1
5.1
3.7
4.9
13.9
5.1
.3.7
5.0
1 3 . {i
11.u
10 . A
10.4
8.4
9.5
32.8
11.3
8.6
10.0
34.3
CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
*.i,9.d4
2,198
6,0>i7
2,30 3
2,.57
1,527
4.1
5.8
16.4
4,t>9 5
1,7dfc
1,"M3
1,186
5.1
3.5
5.1
14.2
1,40b
515
5 46
J47
11.4
8.3
10.2
34.6
8. 1
10. i
J2.6
32.3
11.5
3.6
10.2
35.1
1 , 2bo
Jo 4
1,135
1,^18
431
2.6
5.5
7.9
2.9
5.3
7.9
2.9
4.8
"».7
2.9
5.2
8.4
2.9
4.8
8.4
2.8
5.0
8.4
4,791
1 , i 09
1,230
5.3
9.1
1.2
6.3
5.4
5.3
1,378
1,217
1.1
6.4
b.4
1.1
6.2
5.4
8.9
1.2
6,4
5.4
8.3
1.1
6.4
5.4
8.5
1.2
6.4
7.5
449
204
2iJ
837
29 5
ol7
SU
20 3
55 9
1 , 075
97
1, : B S
J 52
21b
2->3
Sc4
2,522
5 96
3.5
3.0
1.9
3.7
4.7
6.7
4.6
7.8
5.3
10.4
7.7
3.3
3.5
2.5
2.3
4.0
4.9
7
.3
u.7
3.9
6.2
11.3
7.1
3.9
3.3
2.4
2.2
3.8
4. c >
7.1
4.3
9.0
f.1
11.0
b.7
4.-1
3.4
2.7
2.2
3.8
4.7
7.2
4.6
9.1
5.6
10.7
6.8
4.3
3.2
2.4
1.9
3.7
4.4
7.5
4.9
9.0
5.2
12.2
6.6
4.5
3.3
2.3
2.0
3.8
4.6
7.2
4.4
9.0
5.0
12.2
6.6
4.3
347
571
1, 155
59 3
J* 2
176
2d2
129
4,435
545
1,3 58
774
584
5.8
11.4
5.1
4.4
6.1
3.3
6.9
5.1
3.9
8.0
6.0
10.. 1
5.9
5.4
6.8
3.7
6.5
5.2
1.7
5.8
9.6
6.0
5.9
9.9
6.0
5.5
6.8
5.8
10.2
5.9
5.6
6.3
5.8
10.3
5.9
5.5*
6.4
4.1
6.4
4.7
i.o
*.4
1,57 4
White, total
Men, 20 years and over •.
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
< • , 5 c* -J
Black and other, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
1 , 3ii9
4ib
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families
1,0J3
107-)b
i , o.'i a
)t20'j
3b 9
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks and over'
Labor force time lost 3
^.')
OCCUPATION 3
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm . . . .
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
1,
1,096
192
638
918
121
INDUSTRY3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
22D
1,209
1,060
11
Ki'
Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a
percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by
a
1 iO
5.3
*M
4.0
6.4
4.7
1. i
10.0
by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
4
Includes mining, not shown separately.
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.
a.2
6.5
4.6
3.6
10.1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A - 3 .
Selected employment i n d i c a t o r s
tin thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
l)GC.
Dec.
Dec.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
197B
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
19 79
9 5 , W
b5,6f>8
40,239
3*,024
22,784
98,047
56,325
41,722
38,923
23,547
95,831
56,087
39,744
39,030
22,284
97,004
56,408
40,596
39,180
22,86 9
97,504
56,714
40,790
39,198
22,937
97,474
56,629
40,845
39,124
22,919
97,608
56,580
41,028
38,845
22,940
97,912
56,734
41,178
38,924
23,027
,852
,870
,289
,3J7
, Jbo
,654
,597
,863
617
,577
,942
,469
50,683
15,50t>
10,52 J
6,653
17,997
32,012
12,973
11,035
3,644
4*3*0
12,980
2,372
48,108
14,645
10,284
6,058
17,121
31,966
12,666
10,868
3,613
4,819
12,942
2,802
49,663
15,068
10,698
6,145
17,752
31,849
12,761
10,909
3,604
4,575
12,621
2,707
49,816
15,141
10,659
6,181
17,835
32,209
12,993
10,964
3,617
4,635
12,859
2,722
49,738
15,057
10,639
6,261
17,781
32,205
13,001
10,967
3,593
4,644
12,937
2,695
49,912
15,131
10,617
6,362
17,802
32,110
12,925
10,963
3,628
4,594
12,899
2,718
49,911
15,272
10,535
6,346
17,758
32,302
13,041
11,042
3,635
4,584
12,970
2,694
1,226
1,534
231
1,237
1,526
231
1,447
1,608
312
1,384
1,614
310
1,399
1,642
325
1,381
1,602
313
1,475
1,622
310
1*451
1,596
310
85,*84
15,V2
70,411
1,338
0^,073
6,506
42 7
87,942
15,655
72,286.
1,264
71,022
6,740
370
85,461
15,326
70,135
1,302
68,933
6,506
469
86,421
15,279
71,142
1,211
69,931
6,689
450
46,912
15,407
71,505
1,313
70,192
6,731
449
86,982
15,423
71,559
1,261
70,298
6,812
430
87,020
15,358
71,662
1,211
70,451
6,781
417
87,384
15,397
71,987
1,228
70,759
6,737
409
89,713
91,913
74,773
3,279
1,456
1,823
13,861
87,050
71,903
3,082
1,202
1,880
12,065
88,855
73,053
3 , 298
1,401
1,897
12,504
88,723
73,159
3,167
1,273
1,894
12,397
88,638
73,204
3,313
1,354
1,961
12,119
88,617
72,997
3,392
1,413
1,979
12,228
89,180
73,137
3,519
1,491
2,028
12,524
CHARACTERISTICS
Total employed, 10 years and over
Men
Women
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
<
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers • •
PERSONS AT WORK'
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons
73,5.<J
2,8b8
1,173
1,695
13.314
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 8.
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.
Table A - 4 .
D u r a t i o n of u n e m p l o y m e n t
[Numbers in thousands]
Weeks of unemployment
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Mov.
Dec.
1978
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
2,553
2,015
1,157
706
451
2,608
2,055
1,173
689
464
2,858
1,937
1,217
732
485
3,168
1,738
1,185
658
527
2,778
2,035
1,152
644
508
2,955
1,963
1,195
678
517
2,919
1,869
1,191
660
531
2,916
1,966
1,230
711
519
11.0
6.1
11.0
6.1
10.6
5.5
10.7
4.9
10.7
5.8
10.5
5.5
10.6
5.3
10.5
5.5
100.0
44.6
35.2
20.2
12.3
7.9
100.0
44.7
35.2
20.1
11.8
8.3
100.0
47.5
32.2
20.2
12.2
8.1
100.0
52.0
28.S
19.5
10.8
8.7
100.0
46.6
34.1
19.3
10.8
8.5
100.0
48.3
32.1
19.5
11.1
8.5
100.0
48.8
31.3
19.9
11.0
8.9
100.0
47.7
32.2
20.1
11.6
8.5
DURATION
15 to 26 weeks
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
5 to 14 weeks
ISto 26 weeks
27 weeks end over
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Reasons for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Hetniii
i^i^MKirl
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1978
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
2,50 4
760
1,744
82 7
1,716
673
2,794
969
1,825
724
1,607
710
2,443
826
2,680
915
1,765
875
1,788
745
2,632
855
1,777
825
1,760
801
2,731
929
1,302
835
1,762
804
2,729
987
1,742
845
1,698
736
2,728
944
1,784
800
1,771
858
100.0
43.8
13.3
30.5
14.5
30.0
11.P
100.0
47.9
16.6
31.3
12.4
27.5
12.2
100.0
40. 1
12.1
28.1
15.0
31.3
13.6
100.0
44.0
15.0
29.0
14.4
29.4
12.2
100.0
43.7
14.2
29.5
13.7
29.2
13.3
100.0
44.5
15.2
29.4
13.6
28.7
13.1
100.0
45.4
16.4
29.0
14.1
28.3
12.3
100.0
44.3
15.3
29.0
13.0
28.8
13.9
2.4
.8
1.7
.7
2.7
.7
1.5
.7
2.4
.9
1.9
.8
2.6
.8
1.7
.7
2.5
.8
1.7
.8
2.6
.8
1.7
.8
2.6
.8
1.6
.7
2.6
.8
1.7
.8
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Lost last job
On layoff
Other job losers
Left last job
Reentered labor force
Seeking first job
735
1,703
912
1,904
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.
Table A - 6 . Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)
Unemployment rates
Sexandafa
Total, 16 years and over .
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over .
Dec.
Dec.
Dec.
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
1978
1979
1978
1979
1979
1979
1979
1979
1,574
6,087
1,527
805
770
5,984
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.9
16.6
18.5
15.4
16.2
16.9
15.6
5.8
16.4
18.4
15.0
5.9
728
802
16.4
19.6
14.0
1,364
3,029
2,618
1,505
3,040
2,650
9.3
4.0
4.2
3.1
15.9
17.3
14.7
9.2
3.9
16.0
18.0
14.5
9.6
4.0
4.2
3.0
8.8
4.0
4.3
2.7
9.8
3.8
4.1
2.7
424
400
9.0
3.9
4.2
2.9
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years . .
18to19yeers . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over .
25 to 54 years .
55 years and over
3,035
3,089
5.1
5.2
5.2
5.2
837
433
397
700
786
390
391
782
16.5
19.9
13.8
16.3
18.0
15.1
16.1
16.7
15.3
T5.7
17.1
14.4
1,481
1,248
1/505
1,282
240
231
8.6
3.2
3.4
2.6
8.8
3.4
3.5
3.1
8*8
3.3
3.6
2.8
9.5
3.4
3.5
2.8
Women, 16 years and o«
16 to 19 yean
16 to 17 years . . ,
18 to 19 years . .
20 to 24 years
25 years and over .
25 to 54 years .
55 years and over
2,949
2,998
6.9
7.0
6.6
6.9
737
741
16.4
17.2
15.9
17.2
19.8
15.6
6.8
338
411
17.0
19.0
15.7
6.6
372
373
16.2
19.4
14.2
9.5
5.0
5.4
3.3
9.8
4.9
16.1
16.7
15.5
9.6
4.6
5.0
2.9
9.7
4.9
5.2
9.3
4.7
5.0
2.9
16.4
18.0
15.5
10.2
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.
664
723
1,548
1,370
1,535
J,368
169
184
j
5.3
3.2
4. 1
2.9
J
3.4
5.2
5.2
15.8
17.8
14.0
8. 4
15.6
17.9
13.6
3*5
3.8
2.6
J
9.4
3.2
3.4
2.6
4.7
S. 1
2.9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly fl
Quarterly averages
19^9
1978
IV
U-1—Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force
U-2—Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
U^-r-Unemployed persorys 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian
labor force 25 years and over
U-4—Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor
force
U-5—Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
(official measure)
U-6—Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus Vi total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian
labor force less Vi of the part-time labor force
II
1979
III
IV
Oct,
Nov.
1.2
1-2
1.2
1. 1
1.2
1.2
1. 1
1.2
2.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.4
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
3.9
4.a
4.0
3.8
5.2
5.2
5. 3
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.2
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
7.4
7.5
7.2
7.2
7.9
8.0
7.3
7.2
U-7 — T o t a l full-time jobseekers plus Vi part-time jobseekers plus Vi total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
Vi of the part-time labor force
7.4
7.4
8.0
N.A.= not available.
N.A.
8.1
NOTE: Data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.
Table A-8. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by race and Hispanic origin, not seasonally adjusted
[Number in thousands]
Hispanic o r i g i n i
Employment status
Dec.
1979
Dec.
1978
1b0,142
162,309
140,507
10 1 , 6 32
103,R84
Dec.
i9ie
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Percent of population
Employment
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployment
Unemployment rate . . . .
Not in labor force
9 5,906
2,*9Q
9 2f91b
5,725
5.o
:>3,510
1
Data relate to black workers only. According to the 1970 Census, they comprised about 89 percent of the ''black and other" population group.
63.8
9R,047
2,995
9 b, 0 52
5, 836
5.6
58,925
2
Dec.
1979
Eec.
1978
Dec.
1979
142,045
16,831
17,205
7,458
7,953
89,556
63.7
85,133
2,690
82,443
4,422
4.9
91,509
10,284
61.1
9,101
252
10,457
4,791
64.2
4,372
162
5,113
64.3
1,180
11.3
4,210
419
8.7
5 0 , 9 51
5
6,749
2,666
4,443
467
9.1
2,040
64.2
86,993
2,709
8 4,28 4
4,516
4.9
1,136
3,849
1,183
11.5
6,547
60.8
9,276
24C
9,03 6
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1979
4,646
202
Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without regard to race, which means
jhat they are also included in the data for white and black workers. At the time of the 1970 Census,
approximately 96 percent of their population was white.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Civilian
noninstitutional
Percent
of
Employed
force
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1979
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1979
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1979
Total, 20 years and over
20 to 24 years
8„446
653
8,560
459
8,036
589
8,121
416
7,638
489
7,787
371
39 8
100
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over
7,018
2,14ti
3,535
1,335
775
7,196
1,846
3,623
1,727
905
6,776
2,059
3,423
1,294
671
6,926
1,741
3,519
1,666
779
6,506
1,941
3.309
1,256
643
6,656
1,626
3,421
1,609
760
14,087
6,379
4,042
3,666
14,998
6,860
4,340
3,798
13„430
6,036
3,883
3,511
14,268
6,489
4,154
3 , 6 25
12,894
5,727
3,759
3,408
13,675
6,210
3,968
3,497
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1979
Dec.
1978
Dec.
1979
334
45
5.0
17.0
4.1
10.8
270
118
114
38
28
270
115
98
57
19
4.0
5.7
3.3
2.9
4.2
3.9
6.6
2.8
3.4
2.4
536
309
124
103
593
279
186
128
4.0
5.1
3.2
2.9
4.2
4.3
4.5
3.5
VETERANS 1
NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975.
3
Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed Forces. Published data are limited
to those 25-39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era
veteran population.
NOTE: Seasonally-adjusted data are no longer being provided because the changing age composition
of the Vietnam-era veterans' population distorts the ability to identify seasonality in the series.
Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force by selected characteristics, quarterly averages
[In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristics
1978
1979
1978
58,307
53,297
5,009
729
469
260
249
480
512
218
Total not in labor force . . .
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Discouraged workers
Job-market factors1
Personal factors2 . .
Men
Women
White
Black and other . .
1
Job
market
factors
include
"could
not
find
job"
and
58,744
53,716
5,026
700
438
262
243
457
518
183
"thinks
no job
58,458
52,928
5,386
851
612
23 9
287
564
58 5
274
available."
NOTE: Seasonally adjusted data in this table have been revised. See note on page 6.
58,384
53,068
5,261
772
491
281
294
478
537
232
58,255
53,238
5,246
740
495
245
294
446
527
221
58,824
53,666
5,190
807
507
300
256
551
564
218
58,568
52,955
5,527
731
531
200
286
445
54 1
200
58,842
53,563
5,287
741
459
282
285
456
540
191
a
Personal factors include "employers think too young or old," "lacks education or training,"
and "other personal handicap."
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11.
Employment status of the noninstitutional.population for the ten largest States
(Numbers in thousands!
Not seasonally adjusted
State and employment status
Dec.
1978
tfov.
1979
Dec.
1979
Dec*
1978
Aug.
1979
Sept.
1979
Oct.
1979
Nov.
1979
Dec.
1979
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
16,506
10,782
10,104
677
6.3
16,332
11,050
10,420
630
5.7
16,862
11,154
10,481
672
6.0
16,506
10,760
10,084
676
6.3
16,731
11,051
10,330
721
6.5
16,760
11,038
10,325
713
6.5
16,804
11,083
10,395
688
6.2
16,832
11,081
10,444
637
5.7
16,862
11,132
10,461
671
6.0
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
b,602
3,690
3,455
235
6.4
6,799
3,737
3,518
219
5.9
6,816
3,744
3,550
193
5.2
6,602
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
,740
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6,758
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6,781
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6,799
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
6,816
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,243
5,370
5,063
308
5.7
8,315
5,428
5,130
298
5.5
B,321
5,498
5,158
340
6.2
8,243
5,382
5,045
337
6.3
8,239
5,349
5,112
237
4.4
8,295
5,400
5,069
331
6.1
8,309
5,411
5,100
311
5.7
3,315
5,444
5,117
327
6.0
8,321
5,511
5,141
370
6.7
4,350
2,342
2,680
163
5.7
<*r397
,319
2
2 r685
134
4.8
4,401
2,359
2,715
145
5.1
4,350
(2)
2,67b
(2)
(2)
4,381
(2)
2,757
(2)
(2)
4,385
(2)
2,750
(2)
(2)
4,393
(2)
2,706
(2)
(2)
4,397
(2)
2,673
(2)
(2)
4,401
(2)
2,712
(2)
(2)
6,6'37
4,2*4
3 , 9 96
289
6.7
f>, 773
4, 369
», 024
345
7.9
6,780
4,339
3,970
369
3.5
6,687
(2)
(2)
304
(2)
6,744
(2)
(2)
302
(2)
6,752
(2)
(2)
348
(2)
6,765
(2)
(2)
378
(2)
6,773
(2)
(2)
364
(2)
6,780
(2)
(2)
384
(2)
5,432
3,565
3,319
246
6.9
5,542
3,547
3,315
2 32
6.6
5,548
3,601
3,336
215
6.0
3,592
3,326
266
7.4
5,522
3,528
3,262
266
7.5
5,527
3,568
3,349
219
6.1
5,537
3,570
3,322
248
6.9
5,542
3,527
3,281
246
7.0
5,548
3,629
3,394
235
6.5
13,273
7,973
7,446
527
6.6
13,324
3,094
7,532
561
6.9
13,329
3,132
7,565
567
7.0
13,273
8,056
7,512
544
6.3
13,300
7,971
7,347
624
7.8
13,304
7,989
7,393
596
7.5
13,320
8,018
7,425
593
7.4
13,324
8,153
7,597
556
6.8
13,329
8,216
7,632
584
7.1
7,906
5,082
4,836
246
4.8
7,981
5,098
4,329
269
5.3
7,983
5,110
4,842
263
5.2
7,90b
5,118
4,851
267
5.2
7,955
5,045
4,687
358
7.1
7,961
5,034
4,793
291
5.7
7,975
5,100
4,778
322
6.3
7,981
5,100
4,808
292
5.7
7,988
5,146
4,857
289
5.6
3,675
5,347
5,026
320
6.0
3,942
5,3*75
5,006
369
f.9
8,948
5,343
4,993
3 55
6.6
8,375
5,357
4,998
359
6.7
8,916
5,283
4,903
385
7.3
8,923
5,327
4,951
376
7.1
8,937
5,339
4,894
445
8.3
8,942
5,392
4,986
406
7.5
8,948
5,358
4,965
393
7.3
9,291
6,096
5,812
284
4.7
9,496
6,272
6,003
269
4.3
9,515
6,260
6,036
223
3.6
9,291
6,116
5,813
303
5.0
9,433
6,136
5,866
270
4.4
9,451
6,241
5,996
245
3.9
9,478
6,245
5,989
256
4.1
9,496
6,266
5,992
274
4.4
9,515
6,279
6,036
243
3.9
Mass*
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mk
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
tain
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor fores
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.
* These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration of
Federal fund allocation programs.
NOTE: Revised seasonal factors are not yet available for States. The seasonally adjusted
series will be revised for the release of January data on February 1, 1980.
Seasonally-adjusted data are not presented for this series, because the variations that are <
to seasonal influences cannot be separated with sufficient precision from those which stem fr
the trend-cycle and irregular components of the original time series.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
T a b l e B - 1 . E m p l o y e e s 0*1
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
r i c u l t u r a l p a y r o l l s 1*r mrihustry
[In thousands]
ly adjusted
DEC,
1970
OCT.
iff?
NOV. p
1979
OEC. P
1979
DEC,
1970
AUG.
1979
HPT.
1979
OCT.
1979
NOV.p
1979
00,091
90,470
90,900
9 1 , 1 7 9 00,113
09,702
109,001
09., 901
90,109
26,120
27,052
24,014
2 4 , 4 5 5 20,272
26,599
24,591
20,572
20,542
914
902
905
960
971
979
904
a,tot
4,974
4,077
Production workers
20,901
15,047
21,094
15,002
20,974
14,961
DURABLE GOODS
Production workers
12,41*
9,001
12,717
9,050
12,669
0,991
12,494
9,019
751,9
496,4
703.4
1,243.0
1,721.0
2,419,7
2,042.4
2,007.0
475,*
452.)
771.1
407.4
721.0
1,221.1
1,736,3
2,447.2
2,141.7
2,040,9
495.4
444,9
749,9
400,3
713,0
1,217.2
1,717,4
2,447,4
2,145,0
2,011,0
695,9
462.5
711.4
§,284
5,944
0,157
4,024
TOTAL
GOODS-PRODUCING
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemkah and allied products
Petrokum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
SERVICE-PRODUCING
992
922
4,400
4,409
4,674
4,471
4,094
4,712
2 0 , 9 7 5 20,001
1 4 , 9 6 9 15,021
20,957
14,956
20,949
14,957
20,099
14,094
20,040
14,030
12,503
9,042
12,714
9,044
12,737
9,066
12,050
0,972
12,597
0,918
2,040.4
701.7
444.1
705
494
710
1,247
1,710
2,404
2,050
2,003
474
456
752
464
710
1,245
1,714
2,492
2,092
2,079
695
451
750
460
700
1,236
1,716
2,494
2,117
2,084
492
440
700
402
709
1,224
1,721
2,455
2,125
2,025
494
449
752
403
705
1,223
1,725
2,445
2,125
1,990
094
449
0,105
5,970
0,201
5,950
0,298
5,979
6,241
5,912
0,212
5,091
0,249
5,922
0,249
5,920
Ii717,2 1,746.8
71.9
71,9
009,0
099.9
1,127.4 1,317,0
717.7
704.1
1 , 2 2 4 . 4 1,254.5
1 , 1 0 3 . 0 1,115.0
210.1
209.0
742,6
771.1
151.5
241.1
1,724.5
44,4
091,0
1,304,0
715,0
1,245.5
1,116,6
217,1
759,2
242,6
1,701.4
04,9
091,3
1,295,2
710,4
1,371*0
1,736
69
699
1,313
701
1,216
1,100
211
770
253
1,090
64
600
1,302
717
1,247
1,111
211
764
241
1,091
45
004
1,294
714
1,245
1,110
215
751
241
1,707
45
007
1.299
715
1,252
1,111
217
751
241
1,711
00
007
1,291
714
1,202
1,115
217
750
242
42,471
41,424
64,072
44,524 01,001
61,101
01,219
01,410
43,547
5,084
5,244
5,251
5,054
5,194
5,100
5,210
5,227
20,921
20,114
20,575
20,970 19,090
20,126
20,109
20,241
20,303
5,092
15,411
5,215
5,249
15,124
5,077
14,701
5,165
5,190
14,979
5,209
15,014
400.1
700.4
1,210.5
1,711.4
2,440.0
2,141.0
1.122,3
214,7
753,6
241.7
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
15,079
RETAIL TRADiE
15,710
5,011
14,547
SERVICES
15,487
p=preliminary.
2,733
12,95*
4,047
17,297
15,914
15,741
FEDERAL
STATE AND LOCAL
2,754
11,007
14,941
5,055
17,292
GOVERNMENT
5,202
5,011
4,012
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
5,255
2,740
11*154
4,997
5,010
17,191
17,257
15,471
15,074
17,314
15,002
2,742
12,911
2,770
12,904
2,771
12,911
5,041
5,001
10,010
17,290
17,141
15,472
15,910
2,714
2,770
11,100 12,710
15,099
2,011
12,000
5,211
15,070
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
OCT,
1979
DEC.
1978
TOTAL PRIVATE .
MINING
NOV,
1979
DEC,
1979 P
p
DEC.
1978
AUG.
1979
SEPT,
1979
OCT.
1979
NOV,
1979
DEC,
1979
3k. 1
15.7
35.6
35.9
35.6
35.6
35.7
35.*
35.7
15.7
43.4
43.7
43.6
43.9
43.4
43.2
43.1
43.1
•3.3
•3.9
CONSTRUCTION
17,0
37,6
34.5
37.1
37.0
37.2
37.5
36.6
36,6
37.1
MANUFACTURING
«l,4
3.9
40,3
3.4
40,4
3.4
41.0
3.4
40.6
3.7
40.1
3.2
40.2
3.1
40.2
3.2
•0.1
3.2
40,3
3.3
42.3
4.3
40,6
3.5
40,9
3.5
41.7
3.5
41,4
4.0
40,7
3.3
40.7
3.3
40.6
3.3
40,6
3.4
40,8
3.3
40,1
40,1
42.2
42,5
42.2
43.*
41.3
44,5
41.7
39,4
39.6
39,2
39,2
41.7
40,7
40,9
41,9
40,6
40,6
41.3
39,6
40,0
39.7
42.0
40.9
41,8
42,9
41,4
42.7
41.6
39.7
39,9
39,2
41,9
42.2
41.3
42,4
40.5
42.6
40.9
36.9
39.5
39.3
41.7
40,9
41,0
41.*
40.3
41.3
40,6
39,3
41,0
40.6
41.6
39.6
41.7
40.5
39.1
39.7
36.6
41.5
41,0
40,7
41,9
40,3
40.6
40.6
39.1
39.4
36.8
41.3
41,1
40,9
41.6
40,3
41.3
40.7
39.1
39.3
38.9
41.5
40.7
40,6
41.6
40,5
40.6
40,9
39.1
39,8
38.6
41.7
40.6
40.9
41.7
40.6
41.1
41.0
39.2
39,9
3.3
39.4
3.2
39.6
3.3
40.0
3.3
39,4
3.2
39.2
3.0
39,3
39.3
3.0
39.4
3.2
39.5
3.2
40,3
38,6
40, A
35.6
43.4
40.1
36.9
41,2
35,6
42.9
37.9
42.1
44.7
40.2
36.6
40.4
39,4
41,7
36,0
43,5
36,2
42,4
44,1
40,5
37,1
39,9
38,1
40,4
35.5
42.6
37,6
41.6
43.6
41.2
36.7
39,7
38,0
40.1
35.3
42.6
37.7
42.0
43.7
40.2
36.5
40.0
38.6
40,6
35.3
42.4
37.5
39,9
38.3
43.7
42,0
37,1
40.0
36.8
40.6
35.5
42.6
37.5
41.7
44,1
40,5
36,5
41.7
44,1
40,3
37,0
42.6
37.4
41,7
41.7
40,3
36.5
39.9
37,7
41,0
35.3
42.7
37,6
41.9
44.3
39.9
36.7
40,2
40,2
1 33.1
40,0
40.2
40,0
39,9
39.9
39.9
32,5
32,4
32.9
32.6
32.5
32.6
32.6 !
Overtime hours
DURABLE GOODS .
Overtime hours .
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products . . .
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS .
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc plastics products
Leather and leather products
,
i
j
I
36,3
42.3
36.3
41.3
3.1
40.6
35.3
i
40,0
38,7
•1.2
35.7
42,9
37.5
41,9
44.2
39,7
36,7
|
!
;
!
i
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
!
\
i
Data relate to production workers in mining and m
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate and Services
p = preliminary
39,9
i
f
!
39,1
3319.,31
,
|
38,9
30,4 ;
39.0
30,4 ,
39,2
30,9
38.9
30,9
38,7
30.5 j
36,7
30.7
34,3
\
36,3
36,4 |
36,4
36.3
36,1
36.4
36,2
j
32.6
32.6
32,7
32.6
32.7!
32,7
32.6 j
32.5
i
i
38.8 '
3o.6 ;
40.0
40,0
32.7
32.6
39,0
30.7
39.0
30.5
36.5
36.4
32.7
32.6
1
1
'urmg. to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisor / workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and
oups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment oti private nonagricultural payrolls.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonaupervisory
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
on private
Av*r*ft bmriy earnings
TOTAL PRIVATE
Seasonally adjusted
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products.
1978
OCT.
iff*
*ov.
1479
lt?f
85,91
5.42
86,12
4.28
84,14
4,11
44.J4
6,14
6.06
6.57
8.70
6,74
e.fi
4.44
9.90
4.52
6.46
4.82
4.87
4.47
OCT.
19T9
NOV.
197*
•241,15 9229,62 •229.70
221,97 229.96
211.94
174,91 161.06
144.40
194.62 146.79
114.04
274.65 277.99
246,27
295,60 296.16
261.14
264,61
246.19
212.16
194.69 204.14 264,62
277.66 ««1.40 244.40
141.60 171,14 177,29
279,16 269,16 166.10
111.74 109.92 319.91
251,91 261,14 266.02
174,29 396.07 394.9%
146.12 297.66 261,91
141.66 201.22 261,94
6.41
7,16
7.24
7.42
5.79
7.15
4,0?
4.41
5.95
4.84
4.24
9.20
7,00
4.10
4,44
7.4*
4.48
8.47
4.12
9.12
4.24
9.22
7.04
9.27
7,00
7.51
4.52
5.14
4.21
5.28
7.04
4.15
7.11
7.45
4,41
8.68
4.41
5.24
5.7*
4.14
4.20
4.24
229.41
241.92
249.92
4.02
4.18
4.48
4.08
*•?•
6*79
7.26
•tM
5.77
«.61
4.S4
6.41
4.83
4.12
7.14
7.04
7.82
9.44
4.12
4.11
4,50
7.01
4.84
4.12
7.41
7,10
7.84
4.54
4.11
4,14
6.54
7.02
4,64
4.16
7.41
7.14
7.42
4.57
6.21
4,14
242,41
219.76
162,76
146,06
294.64
294,41
107.94
166,49
242.34
146.77
294,40
249,46
147,06
191,16
111,66
164.79
124.64
416,91
267,66
197,12
260.65 264.12
272, M 176.99
200,21 <V>1.41
191.74 197.66
117.69
269,09 •116*06
114.41
426,67
246.43
194.71
a,8*
6.54
8.54
4,41
8.70
4.14
7,81
8.45
8,49
6,59
119.97
117,16
119,60
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE
4.81
*. if
5.18
1.17
194,21
167,16
167.61
WHOLESALE TRADE
4,1*4
4.51
4.54
4,57
4.42
4.44
240,07
114.40
291,24
296.21
«.3i
5.07
5.17
5.42
5,14
5.48
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
1
See footnote 1. table B-2.
4.54
5.51
p- preliminary.
114.90
1*0.45
144,45
147.2.4
176.45
180.26
104,04
5.44
167.70
5.54
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
H o w f y e a r n i n g s index for proffuetfon or nonsupervisory w o r k e r s
nonagricultural payrolls
on private
by i n d u s t r y division, seasonally a d j u s t e d
[1967=100]
1
1
Percent change from—
Industry
DfcC.
1978
JULY
1979
AUG.
1979
SfcPT.
1979
OCT.
1979
NOV. P
1979
DEC. P
1979
220.9
108.7
230.9
105.6
232.2
105.1
234.3
104.9
234.9
104.2
237.1
104.1
239.1
N.A.
8.2
(2)
0.8
(3)
250.9
213.0
22*>.Z
239.0
214.7
202.1
219.3
266.9
222.1
235.4
251.3
223.8
210.8
227.0
265.6
223.1
236.9
252.6
225.4
211.5
228.4
266.1
224.4
238.7
255.6
227.0
214.4
231.5
268.0
224.0
240.3
255.8
227.4
213.1
232.3
271.4
225.6
242.1
258.0
229.4
216.2
234.6
274.0
226.5
244.2
260.5
230.4
21C.4
237.4
9.2
6.4
8.9
9.0
7.3
8.1
b.2
.4
.9
1.0
.4
1.0
1.2
CF.C.
DEC.
19781979
NOV.
DEC.
1979K79
TOTAL PRIVATE NONFARM:
Constant <t»«7> dollars
MINING
CONSTRUCTION
MANUFACTURING
TRANSPORTATION ANO PUBLIC UTILITIES
WHOLESALE ANO RETAIL TRADE
FINANCE, INSURANCE, ANO REAL ESTATE
SERVICES
——_—
.Q
1 SEb f-OCTNCTE 1 , T A 8 L L B - 2 .
• V P E R C f c M CHANGI WAS - 4 . 1 FRCM NGVE M bt:R 1 9 7 8 TC NOVfcMBEk 1 9 7 9 , THL LATEST M0KTH A V A I L A B L E .
3 PERCENT CHANEL WAS - . 1 FRCM OCTCttER 1 9 7 9 TO NOVEMBER 1 9 7 9 , THfc LATEST fcONTH A V A I L A E L L .
.fi.A. = not available,
p-prelimfnary.
NOTE: All series are in current dollars except *
premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for W
Table B-5.
t indicated. The index excludes effects of two types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime
miiiriiea. data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of worfcers in rugh-waf* and low-mage industries.
I n d e x e s of a g g r e g a t e w e e k l y hours of p r o d u c t i o n or nonsupervisory w o r k e r s ,
nonagricultural payrolls
on private
by i n d u s t r y , seasonally adjusted
1976
1979
Industry division and group
TOTAL PRIVATE
GOODS-PROOUCING
0CC.
JAN,
tt§.
12*.2
124.4|
124.7 129.7 183.A 129,4 129,7 129,7
110,3
110,1 109,9
152.0
•51.6
192.9 146,*
124.9
133,7
134,4 133,9
169,8 110.
MAR,
110.1 1 U , 3 |
182.5 152,
AM,
108,8
JUNK
JULY
AU6.
•ec.
SfPT,
OCT,
129.9
129.9
128.6 126,3
126.9
109,4
109,7 109.0 106,7
110,2
196,7
197,4 156,1 159,0
169,6
134,9
139.4
132.7 133.7
136,3
wov.
MINING
191.3
CONSTRUCTION
I 2 f , 9 128.tj
128,7
132,7|
MANUFACTURING
109,1 1 0 1 . AJ
101.8
10A.0 102.0 104,7
106,3
104,4
103.3
103.4
103,1
t 0 2 . 5 103.7
109,9
114.9
109,1
112.8
• • . 6 1 0 0 . 1 100,1
» 0 7 , a 1 0 7 , 6j 108,7
115,3 115,8] 117.4
10*.I 1 0 6 , 4 107,8
10«.A 1 0 ! . ? ; 104,9
12ft.) 128.2] 129.4
101,8 1 0 2 . 1 101.7
110,1 105,0 109,3
1I8,4| 112.4 119,3
1 0 9 , 4 195.8 105,9
1 1 4 , 9 111.5 113,1
100,2 99.7 • 7 , 9
108,8 102.7 1 0 6 , 6
117,5 U 3 . 0 1 1 7 , 4
108,5 104.4 1 0 9 , 2
105.9 9 4 . 3 1 0 2 , 6
129,7 1 1 7 . 2 1 2 8 , 1
101,7 9 7 , 5 96,7
107,9
112,7
109,9
113.0
•7.9
107,1
117,6
106.A
99.4
128,4
160,3
107,9
til.•
109.9
111.5
97.8
106.7
116,0
106,9
100.3
126.1
100.7
106.6
112.3
104.9
110.6
99.9
104.6
116.2
104.7
102.6
127.2
100.8
107.1
113,6
104,6
111.2
106,2
113.3
105,9
110,6
93.3
109.4
117,7
167.2
100.1
127.2
94,6
106,1
114,3
107,6
97. 4l
127,6
99.9
105,2 1 0 6 . 4
111,4 1 1 0 , 9
106.2 1 0 6 , 2
110.6 1 1 1 . 3
93.2 • 2 . 9
103.5 1 0 6 , 3
114.1 1 1 5 . 0
107.7 1 0 9 , 3
93.6 97.6
127.5 129,«
99,9 100,6
DURABLE GOODS
Lumber and wood
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment . .
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing industry
NONDURABLE GOODS
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile ejadurai . .
Paper and allied
Printing and
Chemicals and afltM
Petroleum and cod
Rubber and misc. psastiet products
Leather and leather products
SERVICE PROOUCING
1 3 2 . ol
l i e , e 109.J
U S . A 115,91
110,2 1 0 9 . «
113.4 us.o
••.•
•?.7
T
M
100.5
Tl.S
99,8
97,0
70,0
•t.9!
90. J
98,1
41,o
91.6J
•1.0
110,7
101,5
107.6
121.4
152.0
102.*
106,3
122.T
153.1
101.8
103,1
108.5
123.9
154.0
6 7 , 91
68,8
68,4
1H,2
98.1
100,1
98,1
73
90,8}
89,9
103,0
103,8
108,1
125,01
154,4
6*.l
97.8
98.8
73.9|
86.7i
86.8
100.8
10t.7
107.7
125.7
188.4
63,9|
••.3
97,0
T6.3
•9,1
89,5
89.5
162.3
103.1
106,3
124,8
193,4
69.4
69,6
66,7
162,1
103.3
106,4
129,1
150,4
139,9
136.5
96.6
72.6
66.0
114,8
131.8! 133.3
U3.7
99.9
••.7
• • . 1 9 6 . 2 96.1 96,91 96.7
93.9 94,6 95.0 96,1 9 6 , 1
73.6 66,7 70,5 69,91 6 0 , 9
89.6 69,0 69,6 9 0 , 6 9 1 , 3
69.9 66.0 87.5 8 7 . 91 8 7 , 3
103.2 103,1 102,2 1 0 2 . 7 102,6
104,4 104,7 103.9 104,91 1 0 5 . 9
106,6 106,2 1 0 7 , 6 1 0 7 , 9 106,3
1 2 3 , 0 124.2 1 2 6 , 2 125.1 126.6
150.5 149.6 1 4 3 , 5 143,5 142,4
64,9 6 6 . 1 6 5 , 2 64,9
61,3
69,0
103.6
105.6.
109,8
127,4
141,9
•5,2
136,7
97.7
66.6
92,2
136,6
137,2
137,5
139,9
136,5
189,2 113,4 119,6 114,2 U 9 . 2
114,9
115,6
116.2
116.3
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
UTILITIES
118.1
iia,i
113.1
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE
12*,5
129,ri
129,3 130,2!
130,4 136,7 131,4
191,0
WHOLESALE TRADE
RETAIL TRADE
110,1 130.1 130,8 1 3 2 . * 131«3 132.9 132,9 132.7 132.4 192.5 1 9 3 . 4 1 3 4 , 6
129.0 1 2 6 . j 128,7 129,3 130.3 129,1 126,9 126.9 126.9 129,6 129,7 130.5
139,1
129,4
139,6
136,2
130,0
129.9
129,4
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE
182.7
Ultl
148,1
144,8j 14f.f
144.9
149,7
146.5
146.9
147,1
tgnvfces
140.A
IA8.J
149,1
111.0
191.7
151.6
191.9
133*4
193.6 l»»tl
1
Sac footnote 1, tabic B-2.
146.7
146.4 146,9
Will
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.
Indexes of diffusion:
Year and month
Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased
Over 1 -month span
Over 3-mopth span
Over 6-month span
Over 12-month span
1976
January
February
March
77.0
70.3
69.2
85,
84.
82.
86.9
85.8
79.4
84.0
83.7
85.2
April
May
June
70.
59.
51 .
73,
64.
62.5
72,4
67.7
71.5
77.
82.
80.
July
August
September
59.
54.
68.
56.4
68.3
55.8
60.8
66.9
68.6
78.
77.
78.8
October
November
December
47.4
65.1
66.0
66.9
62.2
78.8
73.8
77.9
78.2
79.4
80.8
82.6
January
February
March
73.0
67.2
72.4
80r2
84.3
82.6
86.3
84.6
84.0
80.5
81.4
82.8
April
May
June
71 .
70.
65.
81.7
76.5
72.7
82.
79.
77.
84
85,
86,
July
August
September
70.3
57.8
67.2
70.3
70.9
67.7
75.
76.
79.
84.9
83.1
83.1
October
November
December
64.
73.
75.
76.
79.
79.
80.
84.
82.
82.8
81.1
82.0
January
February
March
68.
69.
69.
80.2
75.6
77.3
83.1
79.1
77.6
81.4
83.1
81.1
April
May
June
68.
57.
66.
69.8
67.2
66.6
73
72.
71 .
82,
81
82.
July
August
September
64.
60.
62.
69.
67.
71 .
73.
77.
79.
81 ,
78,
77.
October
November
December
73.
7574.
78.
81.
82.
82.
82.
80.
73.
76.
71.8
January
February
March
70.3
65.1
60.5
76.5
72.1
57.8
74.1
67.4
61.9
71 .8
70 .6
63 .7
April
May
June•
44.8
54.7
57.0
55.2
51.5
58.4
58.1
50.3
46.8
64 .0
60 .5p
60 .8p
July
August
September
61 .6
48.8
46.8,
56.7
52.0
52.9
56.1
53.8p
61.3p
October
November
December
69.8
59.9p
69.2p
59.6p
70.9p
1977
1978
1979
1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries.
p = preliminary.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population, annual averages/1974-79
(Numbers in thousands)
Employment status
1974
1975
1976
1978
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population
Armed Forces
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
..
Employment-population ratio 1 .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
•
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
150,827
2,229
148,599
91,011
61.2
85,936
57.0
3,492
82,443
5,076
5.6
57,587
153,449
2,180
151,268
92,613
61.2
84,783
55.3
3,380
81,403
7,830
8.5
58,655
156,048
2,144
153,904
94,773
61.6
87,485
56.1
3,297
84,188
7,288
7.7
59,130
158,559
2,133
156,426
97,401
62.3
90,546
57.1
3,244
87,302
6,855
7.0
59,025
161,058
2,117
158,941
100,420
63.2
94,373
58.6
3,342
91,031
6,047
6.0
58,521
63,946
62,149
50,363
81.0
48,445
75.8
2,523
45,921
1,918
3.8
11,786
65,082
63,357
50,855
80.3
47,427
72.9
2,422
45,005
3,428
6.7
12,502
66,253
64,561
51,527
79.8
48,486
73.2
2,359
46,128
3,041
5.9
13,034
67,484
65,796
52,464
79.7
49,737
73.7
2,308
47,429
2,727
5.2
13,332
68,693
67,006
53,464
79.8
51,212
74.6
2,361
48,852
2,252
4.2
13,541
Total noninstitutional population
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force.......
Participation rate
70,447
70,396
31,836
45.2
73,003
72,917
34,276
4^.0
30,088
42.7
520
29,568
1,748
5.5
38,560
31,730
43.5
511
31,218
2,546
7.4
38,641
74,256
74,160
35,685
48.1
33,199
44.7
537
32,662
2,486
7.0
38,474
75,594
75,489
37,416
49.6
Employed.
Employment-population ratio*.
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate....
Not in labor force....
71,719
71,650
32,959
46.0
30,310
42.3
505
29,805
2,649
8.0
38,691
35,180
46.5
586
34,593
2,236
6.0
38,073
16,435
16,055
8,813
54.9
7,403
45.0
449
6,954
1,410
16.0
7,242
16,648
16,261
8,799
54.1
7,046
42.3
453
6,593
1,752
19.9
7,462
16,792
16,426
8,970
54.6
7,269
43.3
427
6,842
1,701
19.0
7,455
16,818
16,470
9,252
56.2
7,610
45.2
399
7,211
1,642
17.7
7,218
16,771
16,447
9,540
58.0
7,981
47.6
395
7,586
1,559
li6.3
6,907
Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population
Civilian noninstitutional population.,
Civilian labor force
.
Participation rate
Employed
.
Employment-population ratio*.,
Agriculture.
Nonagricultural industries.....
Unemployed
•
,
Unemployment rate
.
Not in labor force.....
,
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Participation rate....
,
Employed. ••
Employment-population ratiol.,
Agriculture. ••••••••••
<
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate.......
.
Not in labor force...
WHITE
Total noninstitutional population
•
Civilian noninstitutional population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratiol..
Unemployed.
•
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
133,266
131,375
80,678
61.4
76,620
57.5
4,057
5.0
50,697
135,323
133,501
82,084
61.5
73,713
55.9
6,371
7.8
51,416
137,351
135,569
83,876
61.9
78,021
56.8
5,855
7.0
51,692
139,346
137,595
86,107
62.6
80,734
57.9
5,373
6.2
51,488
141,289
139,580
88,456
63.4
83,836
59.3
4,620
5.2
51,124
17,561
17,224
10,334
60.0
9,316
53.0
1,018
9.9
6,890
18,126
17,768
10,529
59.3
9,070
50.0
1,459
13.9
7,239
18,696
18,335
10,897
59.4
9,464
50.6
1,433
13.1
7,438
19,212
18,831
11,294
60.0
9,812
51.1
1,482
13.1
7,535
19,769
19,361
11,964
61.8
10,537
53.3
1,427
11.9
7,397
BLACK A N D OTHER
Total noninstitutional population
Civilian noninstitutional population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
•
Employment-population ratio*.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate.
Not in labor force
Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including Armed Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table 2. Major unemployment indicators, annual averages, 1974-79
Selected categories
Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)
1978
1979
6,047
2,252
2,236
1,559
5,963
2,223
2,213
1,528
White, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
A,620
1,757
1,686
1,178
Black and other, total
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Unemployment rates
1975
1976
1977
197&
1979
5,6
3.8
5.5
16.0
8,5
6.7
8.0
19.9
7.7
5.9
7.4
6.0
4.2
6.0
16.3
.1
7
19.0
7.0
5.2
7.0
17.7
lh.l
4,577
1,728
1,669
1,181
5.0
3.5
5.0
14.0
7.8
6.2
7,5
17.9
7.0
5.4
6.8
16.9
6.2
4.6
6.2
15.4
5.2
3.7
5.2
13.9
5.1
3.6
5.0
13.9
1,427
495
550
381
1,386
495
544
347
9.9
6.8
8.4
32.9
13.9
11.7
11.5
36.9
13.1
10.6
11.3
37.1
13.1
10.0
11 .7
38.3
11.9
8.6
10.6
36.3
11.3
8.4
10.1
33.5
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families
l.if
3,274
407
1,101
1,224
413
2.7
5.3
7.0
5.1
7.9
10.0
4.2
7.1
10.0
2.8
5.5
8.5
2.7
5.1
8.3
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Unemployed 15 weeks an1 over1
Labor force time lost J
4,706
1,341
1,379
4,639
1,325
1,202
5.1
8.6
1.0
6.1
8.1
10.3
2.7
9.1
7.3
10.1
2.5
8.3
5.5
9.0
1.4
6.5
5.3
8.7
1.2
6.3
1,737
381
214
256
866
2,323
603
960
195
566
1,029
110
1,703
373
225
252
853
2,377
604
1,000
206
566
980
106
3.3
2.3
1.8
4.2
4.6
4.7
3.2
3.0
5.8
6.6
11.7
8.3
14.7
8.5
15.6
8.6
3.5
4,
3,
3,
5,
6,
9,
6,
10,
7.
13.
8.
4.
,327
516
,213
645
568
196
,263
,105
620
136
4,336
525
1,271
685
586
200
1,214
1,083
589
141
9.2
18.1
10.9
11.3
10,
5.
8.
6,
4.
10.
7.9
15.6
7.9
7.7
CHARACTERISTICS
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
OCCUPATION 3
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers
4.
3.
2.
5.
5.
8.
5.
9.
6.
12.0
8.2
4.6
8
5
10.8
7.1
3.8
INDUSTRY3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers 4
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that
2
3.0
7.3
8a
5.0
8.6
6.5
4.4
11.7
by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
4
Includes mining, not shown separately.
5.9
10.6
5.5
4
6
3
6
5
3
8
5.
10.
5.
5.
6.
3.
6.
4.
3.
9.
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
WASHINGTON. D.C.
OFFICIAL MiMNCSS
PCNALTY FOR FMIVATK
FIRST CLASS MAIL
POSTAGE AMO PEES PAID
U.S. DEPARTMENT Of LABOR
LAB 441
@FedFRASER