Full text of The Employment Situation : December 1972
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USDL - 7 3 -8 6 2 FO R R E L E A S E : Bureau o f L a b or S ta tistics J. E. B re g g e r (202) 961-2633 K. D. H oyle (202) 961-2913 h om e: 333-1384 T r a n s m is s io n E m b a rg o 9:30 A .M . (EST) F rid a y , January 5, 1973 THE E M P L O Y M E N T SITUATION: DECEM BER 1972 T ota l e m p loy m en t r o s e in D e ce m b e r and unem ploym ent w as unchanged, the U. S. D epartm en t o f L a b or' s B ureau of L abor S ta tistics announced today. The Nation' s u n em ploym en t rate w as 5. 2 p e rce n t, the sam e as the 2 7 -m on th low r e g is te r e d in N o v e m b e r and down fr o m 6. 0 p e r c e n t a y ea r ago. T ota l em p loy m en t in c r e a s e d by 280, 000 to 82. 8 m illio n in D e ce m b e r (s e a s o n a lly a d ju s te d ), continuing the stron g upw ard trend in ev id en ce sin ce m id -1971. O ver the p a st y e a r, e m p loy m en t has expanded by 2. 4 m illio n . The num ber o f n on a g ricu ltu ra l p a y ro ll jo b s w as unchanged in D e ce m b e r but w as up su b sta n tia lly fr o m a y e a r ago. Unemployment T ota l jo b le s s n e s s d e clin e d in line with usual N o v e m b e r-D e c e m b e r m ovem en ts, and, a fte r se a son a l adjustm ent, both the le v e l and rate o f unem ploym ent w ere unchanged, at 4. 5 m illio n and 5. 2 p erce n t, r e s p e ctiv e ly . H ow ever, the num ber o f p e r s o n s u n em p lo y e d has d e c r e a s e d by 600, 000 fr o m D e cem b er a y e a r ago. U n em ploym en t ra te s fo r all o f the m a jo r d em og ra p h ic g r o u p s --a d u lt m en (3. 4 p e r c e n t ), adult w om en (5. 1 p e rce n t) , teen a g ers (16. 0 p ercen t) , w hites (4. 6 p ercen t) , N e g r o e s (9 . 6 p erce n t) , m a r r ie d m en (2. 4 p e r c e n t ), and h ou seh old heads (2. 9 p ercen t) - w e r e e ith e r unchanged o r little charlged fr o m N ovem b er. J o b le ss ra tes a ls o rem a in ed about the sam e o v e r the m onth fo r fu ll- and p a r t-tim e w o r k e rs . p a r t -t im e jo b s e e k e r s , With the e x ce p tio n o f ra te s fo r e a ch o f these g rou p s have d eclin ed during the co u rse o f 1972. A m on g the m a jo r occu p a tio n a l ca te g o r ie s , the w h ite -c o lla r un em ploym en t rate, w hich had fa lle n sh a rp ly in N ovem b er, r o s e fr o m 3. 1 to 3. 4 p e rce n t in D e ce m b e r. T h is in c r e a s e o c c u r r e d am ong p r o fe s s io n a l and tech n ica l and c le r ic a l w o r k e rs and w as p a r tia lly o ffs e t by a d e clin e am ong m an ag ers and a d m in istra to rs. Although the jo b le s s rate fo r b lu e - c o lla r w o r k e r s (5. 7 p ercen t) was about the sam e as in the p r e v io u s month, it w as down n e a rly 2 p ercen ta g e points sin ce D e ce m b e r 1971. T h e re w as e s s e n tia lly no change in the unem ploym ent ra tes o f the m a jo r industry g ro u p s in D e c e m b e r . Of p a rticu la r note, the rate fo r fa c to r y w o r k e rs rem a in ed at a - 2 - 2 - 1 /2 - y e a r low o f 4. 7 p e rce n t, m o r e than 2 p ercen ta g e points b elow the y e a r -a g o le v e l. F o r w o r k e r s c o v e r e d by State u nem ploym ent in su ra n ce p ro g ra m s, the jo b le s s rate, at 3. 2 p e rce n t, edged up fr o m the 32-m on th low r e g is te r e d in N ov em b er. The a v e ra g e (m ean) du ration o f unem ploym ent, at 11. 2 w eek s in D e ce m b e r (s e a s o n a lly adjusted) , w as e s s e n tia lly unchanged at its lo w e st le v e l sin ce A p r il 1971. The num b e r o f lo n g -t e r m u n em ployed (15 w eek s and over) edged down fo r the fourth straight m onth to 1 m illio n , the lo w e st le v e l in 2 y e a rs . Table A . Highlights of the employment situation (seasonally adjusted data) Selected categories . D ec. 1972 N ov. 1972 O ct. 1972 4th Q tr. 1972 3rd Q tr. 1972 2nd Q tr. 1972 1 st Q tr. 1972 4th Q tr. 1971 82.0 47.1 28.2 86.4 81.4 4 6 .7 27.9 85.9 80.8 8 5 .0 8 0 .0 4 6 .4 4 6 .1 27.9 27.5 6 .6 6 .8 6 .6 5.0 5 .0 6 .3 5 .0 5 .1 3 .5 5.7 4 .2 5 .6 15.8 5.3 9 .9 3 .5 2 .9 5.3 3 .6 5.8 4 .1 5.3 18.2 5.3 1 0 .6 3 .4 2 .9 5 .4 3 .5 5 .9 4 .3 5.7 16.9 5 .4 10.1 3 ;6 3 .2 5 .6 4 .2 12.0 12.8 12.2 11.9 72.5 23.0 49.5 71.8 22.7 49.0 71.1 22.6 48.5 37.1 40.7 3 .4 37.1 40.3 3 .1 4 0 .1 136.8 109.8 135.0 109.0 132.4 107.9 (Millions of persons) Civilian labor fo rce 1............................. Total employment1........................ A dult m e n ................................. A dult w o m e n ............................. Teenagers................................... Unem ploym ent............................... 87.3 82.8 4 7 .5 28.4 7 .0 4 -5 82.5 4 7 .3 28.3 6 .9 4 .5 87.3 82.5 47.3 28.3 6 .9 4 .8 Unemployment rates: A ll w o rkers..................................... Adult m en........................................ Adult women................................... Te e n age rs........................................ White .............................................. Negro and other ra ce s.................... Household heads............................. Married m e n ................................... Full-time w o rk e rs........................... State insu red ?................................. 5 .2 3 .4 5.1 16 .0 4 .6 9 .6 2.9 2 .4 4 .7 3 .2 5 .2 3 .6 5 .0 1 5 .4 4 .6 9 .8 2 .9 2 .4 4 .6 3 .1 5.5 3 .9 5.5 15.3 5.0 10.1 3 .4 2 .8 5.0 3 .3 8 7 .0 87.2 82.6 47.3 28.3 6 .9 8 6 .8 ^.•6 4*3 (Percent of labor force) 5 .6 3 .9 5 .6 1 6 .1 5 .0 9 .9 3 .3 2 .7 5 .3 3 .6 5 .2 1 5 .6 4 .7 9 .8 3 .1 2 .6 4 .8 3 .2 (Weeks) Average duration of u n em p lo ym en t................................. 1 1 .2 11.3 11.6 11.4 (Millions of persons) Nonfarm payroll em ploym ent........... Goods-producing industries ......... Service-producing ind ustries......... 7 3 .9P 2 3 .4P 5 0 .5P 73 .9P 2 3 .5p 50.4p 73.6 23.4 50.2 7 3 .8p 2 3 .4p 50 .4 p 72.9 23.1 4 9 .9 (Hours of work) Average weekly hours: Total private no n farm .................... M anufacturing................................. Manufacturing o v e rtim e ............... 3 7 .2p 4 1 .Op 3.8p 3 7 .2p 4 0 .9p 3.8P 37.3 40.7 3 .6 3 7 .2p 4 0 . 9p 3.7p 37.2 40.7 3 .5 37.1 3 .0 (1967 = 100) Hourly Earnings index, private nonfarm: In current dollars .......................... In constant dollars.......................... 1 4 1 .9p M 1 4 0 .7p 110.8p 1 Civilian labor force and total employment figures for periods prior to January 1972 should be raised by about 300,000 to be com parable Mth subsequent data. Sec box above table A-1. 140.5 1 1 1 .0 1 4 1 . Qp M 138.5 110.2 2 For calculation of this rate. see table A-3, footnote 2, p=preliminary. SO URCE: Tables A-1, A-3, A-4, B-1, B-2, and B-4. - 3 - P e r s o n s who lo s t th eir last jo b s continued to accou n t fo r a little o v e r tw o-fifth s o f the total u n em ployed in D e ce m b e r. d e clin e d by 425, 000 to 1. 9 m illio n . O ver the y ea r, how ever, the num ber of job lo s e r s (See table A - 5, ) .Clyi.li.an .Labor. Force.andJTotal Employ me_nt The c iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e in c r e a s e d by 300, 000 in D e ce m b e r, reach ing a le v e l of 87. 3 m illio n . O ver the y e a r, the la b or fo r c e has ris e n by 1. 8 m illio n (a fte r elim inating the e ffe c t s o f the 1970 C en su s population co n tro l adjustm ent in trod u ced in January 1972) . T ota l em p loy m en t advan ced by 280, 000 in D e ce m b e r to a se a s o n a lly -a d ju s te d le v e l o f 82. 8 m illio n . The en tire in cre a s e o c c u r r e d am ong fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs , with adult m pn and w om en accou n ting fo r n ea rly all o f the gain. C om p a red with D e cem b er a y e a r ago, total em p loy m en t has ris e n by 2. 4 m illio n ; adult m en m ade up a little o v er h alf o f this advance, with adult w om en and te e n a g e rs accounting fo r 640, 000 and 500, 000, r e s p e c t iv e ly . The num ber o f n on a g ricu ltu ra l w o r k e rs on p a rt-tim e sch ed u les fo r e c o n o m ic r e a s o n s (th ose who want fu ll-t im e w ork but have eith er been able to find only a p a rttim e jo b o r have had th eir w ork w eek red u ced b eca u se o f e c o n o m ic fa c to r s a ffectin g th eir jo b s ) d e clin e d 100, 000 to 2. 2 m illio n in D e ce m b e r, T h eir le v e l w as down su b stan tially fr o m the 1 0 -y e a r high of 2, 6 m illio n rea ch ed in N ovem b er 1971 and w as at its lo w e st point sin ce S ep tem b er 1970. y ifitnam.gr a, .Veterans The em p loy m en t situation fo r v etera n s 2 0 -t o -2 9 y e a r s old continued to im p rov e in D e c e m b e r . At 5. 5 p erce n t, th eir jo b le s s rate w as b elow the 6 -p e r c e n t le v e l fo r the fir s t tim e in n ea rly 3 y e a r s . (See table A - 7 . ) The gap betw een the u n em ploym ent ra tes fojr v etera n s and n onveterans c lo s e d d e c is iv e ly during the la st fe w m onths of 1972. a p p r e c ia b ly h igher than that of n on veteran s. A y ea r e a r lie r , the v eteran s' rate was By D e ce m b e r 1972, the situation was r e v e r s e d , with the v e te r a n s’ rate a fu ll p ercen ta g e point b elow the nonveteran rate o f 6. 5 p e rce n t. T his elim in a tio n o f the gap a ls o u n d e r s c o r e s the fa ct that the veteran s' u n em ploym en t rate has d e clin e d fa r m o re sharply o v e r the pa:st y e a r - -2 , 9 v e r s u s 1. 2 p e rce n ta g e poin ts fo r n on veteran s. In D e ce m b e r 1972, 4. 1 m illio n v etera n s 2 0 -to -2 9 y e a rs old w ere em p loy ed and 230, 000 w e re u n em ployed (not se a son a lly adjusted) . V etera n s' em p loy m en t in c re a s e d by 440, 000 sin ce D e c e m b e r 1971, a bsorb in g all of the in c re a s e in the la b o r fo r c e and red u cin g the num ber u n em ployed by 90, 000. The age co m p o s itio n o f the 2 0-29 y e a r - old v e te ra n s has been changing, with a g re a te r p ro p o rtio n now in a g es 2 5 -2 9 . T his r e fle c t s both the co n sid e r a b le slow dow n in d is ch a rg e s o f young m en frp m m ilita ry - 4 - s e r v ic e in 1972 and the grow in g num ber who have been out of the s e r v ic e fo r se v e ra l years. In d u stry P a y r o ll E m ploym en t The num ber o f n on a g ricu ltu ra l p a y ro ll jo b s was v irtu a lly unchanged in D e ce m b e r fr o m the r e v is e d N ovem b er le v e l of 73, 9 m illio n (s e a s o n a lly adjusted) . H ow ever, p a y r o ll em p loy m en t w as up 2. 6 m illio n fr o m D e ce m b e r 1971. Although the p a y r o ll jo b total did not change in D e ce m b e r, m a rk e d m o v e m e n ts. som e in d u stries showed O v e r-th e -m o n th em p loy m en t gains in durable g ood s m anufacturing (a lm o s t a ll o f w hich o c c u r r e d in m a ch in ery and e le c t r ic a l equipm ent) , s e r v ic e s , and State and lo c a l g overn m en t w e re o ffs e t by red u ction s in co n tra ct co n stru ctio n and r e ta il tra d e. The d e clin e in c o n tra ct con stru ctio n (85, 000) w as due in part to unusually bad w ea th er con d ition s p re v a ilin g in m any p a rts o f the country. E m p loy m en t in re ta il tra d e r o s e le s s than se a s o n a lly e x p ected o v er the month and, after sea son a l adjustm ent, w as dow n by 35, 000. It is notew orthy, h ow ever, that em p loy m en t in this s e c to r had in c r e a s e d m a rk e d ly in N ovem b er, an in d ica tion o f e a rlie r-th a n ^ u s u a l h irin g fo r the h olid a y buying sea son . H ou rs o f W ork The a v era ge w ork w eek fo r r a n k -a n d -file w o r k e rs r o s e by 0t 3 hour, but this w as in line with the usual N o v e m b e r -D e c e m b e r m ovem en t. ity, the w ork w eek w as unchanged at 37? 2 h ou rs: A fte r adjustm ent fo r s e a s o n a l F o r the secon d m onth in a row , w eek ly h o u rs in c o n tra ct co n s tr u c tio n w e re down sharply, a d ev elop m en t that a ls o stem m ed fr o m bad w eath er co n d itio n s. In m anufacturing, w eek ly h ou rs w ere about unchanged fr o m the p re v io u s month but, at 41. 0 h ou rs (s e a s o n a lly adjusted) , w ere at their h igh est le v e l in m o r e than 4 years. C om p a red with D e c e m b e r 1971, fa c to r y h ou rs have in c re a s e d by 0. 8 hour. O v e rtim e h ou rs in m an u factu rin g w e re unchanged o v e r the m onth at 3. 8 h ou rs but w e r e a ls o up 0. 8 hour fr o m a y e a r ago. H ou rly and W eekly E a r n ings A v e ra g e h ou rly ea rn in g s o f p rod u ction o r n o n su p e rv iso ry p e rs o n n e l on n on farm p a y r o lls w e re $3. 7 3 in D e c e m b e r , the sam e le v e l as in N ov em b er. T h is w as an in c r e a s e o f 21 cen ts, o r 6. 0 p ercen t, fr o m a y ea r ago. B eca u se o f an in c r e a s e in the actual w ork w eek, a v era g e w eek ly earn in gs r o s e by $1.12 to $139. 50. ce n ts. A fte r se a son a l adjustm ent, the in c re a s e w^s co n s id e ra b ly l e s s - r 37 C om p a red with D e c e m b e r a y ea r ago, a v era ge w eek ly ea rn in g s have rise n $8. 20 o r 6. 2 p e rce n t. D uring the la test 12-m onth p e r io d fo r w hich the C on su m er P r ic e Index is a v a ila b le --N o v e m b e r 1971 to N ovem b er 1972*--c o n s u m e r p r ic e s ro s e - 5 - 3. 5 p e rce n t. H ou rly E arn in gs Index The Bureau* s H ou rly E arn in gs Index, se a s o n a lly adjusted, w as 141. 9 (1967=100) in D e ce m b e r, 0. 9 p e r c e n t h igh er than in N ovem b er, a cco rd in g to p r e lim in a r y fig u re s . The index w as 6. 2 p e r c e n t above D e ce m b e r a y ea r ago. (See table B - 4 . ) A ll in d u s t r ie s p o ste d in c r e a s e s in 1972, ranging fr o m 5. 0 p e rce n t in w h olesa le and re ta il trade to 9. 6 p e r c e n t in tra n sp orta tion and pu blic u tilitie s. During the 12-m on th p e r io d ending in N ovem b er, the H ou rly E arn in gs Index in d o lla r s o f constant p u rch asin g p ow er r o s e 3. 1 p e rce n t. The Y ear in R ev iew The Nation' s em p loy m en t situation during 1972 w as highlighted by strong labor fo r c e and em p loy m en t gains and a m od era te d eclin e in unem ploym ent. The o v e r a ll jo b le s s rate, w hich had h o v e re d c lo s e to the 6 -p e r c e n t m ark during 1971, d eclin ed g ra d u a lly during 1972 and at year.end stood at 5. 2 p e rce n t. The follow in g se ctio n s d e s c r ib e dev elop m en ts in the e m p loy m en t situation during the c o u r s e o f 1972, with s p e c ia l e m p h a sis on q u a r te r ly m ov em en ts. -Ciyilian Labor Force ,and.Total EmpjQyrrtettt G row th of the Nation* s c iv ilia n la b or fo r c e , w hich had re su m e d at a rapid p ace in m id-1971, p e r s is t e d during 1972. By the fourth qu arter of the y ear, the la b o r fo r c e had re a c h e d 87. 2 m illio n , e x ce e d in g its m id-1971 le v e l by n ea rly 3. 2 m illio n (a fter elim in a tin g the e ffe c t s o f the 1970 C ensus population co n tro l adjustm ent in trod u ced in January 1972) . On an annual a v era g e b a s is , the la b o r fo r c e gain am ounted to 2. 1 m illio n , c o m p a re d with in c r e a s e s o f 1. 3 m illio n in 1971 and 2. 0 m illio n in each of the p r e v io u s 2 y e a r s . In addition to n o rm a l population grow th, the 1972 upsu rge w as attribu table to the continued re d u ction s in the A rm e d F o r c e s and to risin g p a r tic ip a tion o f adult w om en and te e n a g e rs. T ota l e m p loy m en t a dvan ced stron g ly during the c o u r s e of 1972, continuing the ex p a n sion eviden t sin ce m id-1971. Job gains averagin g m o re than half a m illio n each q u a rter brought em p loy m en t to an alltim e high o f 82. 6 m illio n in the fin al q u a rter of the y ea r, 3. 6 m illio n above m id-1971. On an annual average b a sis, em p loy m en t r o s e by 2. 3 m illio n , in m a rk ed co n tra st to in c r e a s e s o f 490, 000 in 1971 and 730, 000 in 1970. The 1972 jo b pickup re p r e s e n te d the la r g e s t annual expan sion in the p o s t-W o r ld W ar II p e r io d ; it w as m o st pron ou n ced am ong adult w o r k e rs 25 y e a r s of age and o v e r. e v e r , e m p loy m en t o f young adults and te e n a g e rs a ls o p osted im p r e s s iv e gains. H ow - 6 - U n em ploym en t D esp ite the r e s u r g e n c e in em p loy m en t grow th during the p ast y ea r and a half, the re d u ctio n in the num ber o f jo b le s s w o r k e rs w as m od est. F o r 1972 as a w hole, unem ploy - m ent a v e ra g e d 4. 8 m illio n , down n e a rly 200, 000 fr o m the 1971 le v e l. The o v e r a ll jo b le s s rate w as 5. 6 p e rce n t, c o m p a re d with 5. 9 p e rce n t in 1971 but still above the annual ra tes o f 4. 9 p e r c e n t in 1970 and 3. 5 p e r c e n t in 1969. Although the o v e r a ll jo b le s s rate did not show a la rg e change on an annual b a s is f r o m 1971, there w as an a p p r e c ia b le dow ntrend in jo b le s s n e s s during the c o u r s e o f the year. The o v e r a ll jo b le s s rate ed g ed down in e v e r y q u a rter beginning with the last q u a rter o f 1971, fo llo y in g 3 c o n se c u tiv e q u a rte rs at 6. 0 p e rcen t. By the fourth qu arter o f 1972, the rate w as down to 5. 3 p e rce n t, its lo w e st point sin ce the th ird q u a rter of 1970. P a r a lle lin g the m o v e m e n ts in the Nation' s o v e r a ll jo b le s s rate, the ra te s fo r m o st o f the m a jo r d e m o g ra p h ic g rou p s in the la b o r fo r c e a ls o d im in ish ed fr o m re la tiv e ly high le v e ls in 1970 and 1971. (See table D .) The u n em ploym en t rate fo r adult m en, w hich had stayed above 4 p e r c e n t fr o m late 1970 through m id-1972, d rop p ed to 3. 6 p e r c e n t by the la st q u a rter. On an annual b a s is , the a d u lt-m a le rate a v e ra g e d 4. 0 p e rce n t in 1972, down fr o m 4. 4 p e r c e n t in 1971. The un em ploym en t rate fo r adult w om en, on the oth er hand, show ed l e s s im p r o v e m ent. A fte r m ovin g w ithin the 5. 5 -5 . 8 p e rce n t range sin ce late 1970, it d e clin e d to 5. 3 p e r c e n t in the f ir s t q u a rte r o f 1972. In the next 2 q u a rters, h ow ev er, it r e v e rte d to the h igh er 1971 le v e ls and then r e c e d e d again in the la st qu arter, to 5. 2 p e rce n t. On an annual b a s is , th eir rate w as 5. 4 p e rcen t, co m p a re d with 5. 7 p e rce n t in 1971. T een age u n em ploym en t did not begin to d e c r e a s e until the secon d q u a rter of 1972. In the f i r s t q u a rter o f the y ea r, in fact, the teenage rate had s o a re d to 18. 2 p ercen t, su rp a ssin g the p r e v io u s p o s t -W o r ld W ar II high r e c o r d e d in 1963. By the fou rth q u arter o f the y e a r, th eir rate w as down to 15. 6 p ercen t, the lo w e s t point sin ce the su m m er o f 1970. The unem ploym en t rate fo r h ou seh old heads d e clin e d su bstan tially during 1972, m ovin g fr o m 3. 6 p e r c e n t in the la st qu a rter o f 1971 to 3. 1 p e r c e n t by the end o f 1972; on an annual b a sis, th eir rate w as 3. 3 p ercen t, co m p a re d with 3. 6 p e rce n t in 1971. The rate fo r m a r r ie d m en, w hich had m o r e than doubled in 1970-71 after attaining a r e c o r d low o f 1. 4 p e r c e n t in 1969, edged down g rad u ally during 1972, rea ch in g 2. 6 p e r c e n t in the fou rth q u a rte r. F o r the y ea r as a w hole, th eir jo b le s s rate a v e ra g e d 2. 8 p e rce n t, down fr o m 3. 2 p e rce n t in 1971, and only h a lf as high as the rate fo r all w ork ers. - 7 - The jo b le s s rate fo r N e g ro w o r k e rs held c lo s e to the 1 0 -p e rce n t m ark during the c o u r s e o f 1972, w hile the rate fo r white w o r k e rs edged downward. On an annual b a sis, the N e g ro jo b le s s rate, at 10. 0 p ercen t, w as v irtu a lly the sam e as th eir 1971 rate (9. 9 p ercen t) . cent. By con tra st, the rate f o r white w o r k e rs m ov ed down, fr o m 5. 4 to 5. 0 p e r A s a resu lt, the o v e r a ll N e g ro-w h ite jo b le s s rate r a tio --w h ic h had been below 2 to 1 in 1970 and 1971, a v era gin g 1. 8 to 1 in ea ch y e a r - - retu rn ed to the 2 - t o - l d iffe r e n tia l in 1972. The u n em ploym ent rate fo r fu ll-tim e w o rk e rs , w hich had held within the 5. 4 -5 . 6 p e r c e n t range fr o m late 1970 through e a r ly 1972, d rifte d dow nw ard during the y ea r, rea ch in g 4. 8 p e rce n t in the fou rth qu a rter. The rate fo r a ll p a rt-tim e w o rk e rs , on the oth er hand, w as little changed o v e r the 2 -y e a r span, averagin g 8. 6 p e rcen t in 1972. A m ong w o r k e r s in the m a jo r in d u stries, the jo b le s s aate fo r m anufacturing w o r k e r s d e clin e d by a co n s id e r a b le am ount in 1972, a fter rea ch in g a high o f 7. 1 p e rcen t in the fou rth q u a rter o f 1970 and rem ain in g near that point throughout m o st o f 1971. By the la st q u a rter o f 1972, the fa c t o r y w o rk e r rate had fa llen b elow 5 p e rce n t; this im p r o v e m ent w as p a r tic u la r ly p rom in en t am ong w o r k e rs engaged in durable g ood s p rod u ction . F o r w o r k e r s in the c o n stru ctio n industry, the unem ploym ent rate show ed on ly a m ild dow ntrend sin ce rea ch in g a 6 -y e a r high o f 11. 6 p e rce n t in the third q u a rter o f 1970, k eeping c lo s e to the 1 0 -p e rce n t m a rk sin ce e a rly 1971. T h ere w e re a ls o m a rk ed re d u ction s in 1972 am ong som e o f the key occu p a tion a l g ro u p s. The jo b le s s rate fo r w o r k e rs in b lu e -c o lla r occu p a tion s, which had rea ch ed an 8 -y e a r high o f 7. 5 p e r c e n t in late 1970 and had rem a in ed at this le v e l throughout 1971, drop p ed stea d ily a fte r the fir s t qu arter o f 1972, rea ch in g 5. 8 p e rce n t by the end o f the y e a r. T h eir annual a v e ra g e rate w as 6. 5 p e rce n t in 1972, c o m p a re d with 7. 4 p e r c e n t in 1971. M uch o f the b lu e -c o lla r im p rov em en t o c c u r r e d am ong s e m i-s k ille d o p e ra tiv e s, w h ose rate f e ll fr o m 8. 3 to 6. 9 p e rce n t on an annual b a s is . F o r w h ite- c o lla r w o r k e rs , the 1972 un em ploym ent rate held c lo s e to the 3 -1 /2 - p e r c e n t le v e l that had p r e v a ile d sin ce late 1970. T h ere w as, h ow ev er, a substantial red u ction am ong p r o fe s s io n a l and te ch n ica l w o rk e rs , a grou p that had e x p e rie n ce d p a rticu la rly sharp u n em ploym en t in c r e a s e s in 1970 and e a r ly 1971. T h eir rate had been at a p o s t- W orld W ar II high o f a little o v e r 3 p e rce n t in e a rly 1971 but re ce d e d to an av era g e o f 2. 4 p e r c e n t in 1972. A lthough the num ber o f jo b le s s w o rk e rs d eclin ed betw een 1971 and 1972, the a v e ra g e p e r io d o f tim e w o r k e rs rem a in ed unem ployed, at 12. 1 w eeks, was a bit lo n g e r than in 1971. The num ber o f lo n g -te r m u n e m p lo y e d --th o s e who w ere jo b le s s - 8 - fo r 15 o r m o r e w e e k s --a v e r a g e d 1. 2 m illio n in 1972. They r e p re s e n te d 24 p e rce n t o f a ll u n em ployed p e r s o n s and 1. 3 p e rce n t o f the c iv ilia n la b o r fo r c e , about the sam e p r o p o r tio n s as in 1971. The sm a ll re d u ction in u n em ploym ent on an annual b a s is betw een 1971 and 1972 w as attribu table p r im a r ily to a d rop in the num ber of w o r k e rs losin g th eir jo b s . T h ere w as a m o d e s t upturn in the num ber o f u n em ployed who w ere in s e a rch o f th eir fir s t jo b s as w e ll as am ong those who had v o lu n ta rily quit th eir la st job . V ietn a m E ra V etera n s The num ber o f 2 0 -t o -2 9 y e a r - o ld v e tera n s in the la b or fo r c e a v era g ed 4. 2 m illio n in 1972, about 490, j000 m o r e than in 1971. A ll o f this in c r e a s e w as in em ploym en t, as th eir u n em ploym en t le v e l re m a in e d c lo s e to 300, 000. The a v era g e unem ploym ent rate fo r v e te ra n s drop p ed fr o m 8. 8 to 7. 3 p ercen t, a stro n g e r y e a r - t o - y e a r d eclin e than fo r the n on veteran s, w h ose rate fe ll fr o m 7. 3 to 6. 8 p e rce n t. v e te ra n s' O ver the c o u r s e o f 1972, the rate d e clin e d fr o m o v e r 8 p e rce n t e a r ly in the y ea r to about 6 p e r c e n t b y the la st q u a rter. The red u ction in the v e te ra n s' unem ploym ent rate la r g e ly r e fle c te d the im p ro v e d e c o n o m ic situation and sp e c ia l nationw ide e ffo r ts to help in the em p loy m en t o f v etera n s. In addition, the tap erin g o ff o f m ilit a r y d is c h a r g e s fr o m a m onthly peak o f n e a rly 100, 000 at the beginning o f 1972 to le s s than 50, 000 at the end m eant that the e c o n o m y had to a b s o r b fe w e r o f the in e x p e r ie n c e d young v etera n s than in ea ch y e a r sin ce 1969. A ls o , a la r g e r p r o p o r tio n o f V ietn a m E ra v e te ra n s in 1972 had been out o f the A rm e d F o r c e s fo r s e v e r a l y e a r s and thus had m o r e la b o r m a rk et e x p e r ie n ce and le s s v u ln e ra b ility to u n em ploym en t. The gap betw een the a v e ra g e un em ploym en t rate o f v e te ra n s and n onveterans n a rro w e d in 1972. D uring the f ir s t half, the v etera n s rate w as 1 p ercen ta g e point h igh er than the n on veteran ra te. B y the la st few m onths, h ow ever, the gap d isa p p ea red a lto g e th e r, and in D e c e m b e r the v etera n s' rate d rop p ed b e lo w that fo r n on veteran s. A t the c lo s e o f 1972, th ere w e re about 6 m illio n m ale V ietn am E ra v e te ra n s of a ll a g es in the pop u lation ; 1. 8 m illio n w e re in a g es 20 to 24, 2. 8 m illio n w ere 25 to 29, and 825, 000 w e re 30 to 34. The 3 0 -t o -3 4 y ea r age group w ill continue to in c r e a s e in siz e o v e r the next few y e a r s ; in 1972, about 97 p e rce n t w e re in the la b o r fo r c e , and th eir u n em ploym en t rate o f 2. 9 p e r c e n t w as rou ghly the sam e as fo r n on veteran s. In du stry D ev elop m en ts T ota l n on a g ricu ltu ra l p a y r o ll em p loy m en t show ed im p r e s s iv e grow th in 1972, ris in g by 2.1 m illio n fr o m the 1971 le v e l to 7 2 - 3 /4 m illio n . se cu tiv e y e a r s o f a lm o st no e m p loy m en t grow th. T his gain fo llo w e d 2 c o n The 1971-72 upturn w as p a ced by - 9- the continued expan sion o f the s e r v ic e -p r o d u c in g s e cto r but w as a lso w ell supported by a ren ew al o f grow th in the g o o d s -p ro d u cin g in d u stries. The turnaround in g o o d s -p ro d u cin g jo b s was led by the resu rg en t m anufacturing in d u strie s. F a c to r y em p loy m en t had been hit hard by the 1969-70 r e c e s s io n and cutbacks in defen se and a e r o s p a c e expen ditu res and did not begin to r e c o v e r until the end of 1971; it r o s e in e v e r y q u a rter o f 1972, h ow ever, with the 360, 000 in c re a s e in the last qu arter being the la r g e s t single q u a r t e r -to -q u a r te r gain in m o re than 6 y e a rs. F or the year as a w hole, m anufacturing e m p loy m en t a v era ged 18. 9 m illion , a gain of 400, 000 fro m 1971 but still 1. 2 m illio n sh ort o f the alltim e high rea ch ed in 1969. The m anufacturing em p loy m en t gain w as ce n te re d in the durable g ood s in d u stries, with the la rg e s t gains being r e g is t e r e d in e le c t r ic a l equipm ent, m a ch in ery, and fa b rica te d m etals. A m ong the other g o o d s -p r o d u cin g in d u stries, em ploym en t in mining held constant, and em ploym en t in c o n tra ct co n stru ctio n r o s e by 110, 000. The con stru ction gain stem m ed fr o m a surge in h om ebu ildin g to r e c o r d le v e ls, bringing the em ploym en t level to an a lltim e high o f 3. 5 m illio n jo b s . Although em p loy m en t gains w e re r e c o r d e d in each of the m a jo r s e r v ic e -p r o d u c in g in du stry c a te g o r ie s with the e x ce p tion of F e d e ra l governm ent, the 1. 6 m illion o v e r -t h e y e a r in c re a s e w as con ce n tra te d in three in d u stries: reta il trade, s e r v ic e s , and State and lo c a l govern m en t. D espite the ra pid e c o n o m ic expan sion and large em ploym en t gains r e c o r d e d during the y ea r, the a v era ge w ork w eek fo r p rod u ction or n o n su p e rv iso ry w o r k e rs on private n on fa rm p a y r o lls r o s e only m a rg in ally , averagin g 37. 2 h ou rs as co m p a re d with 37. 0 h o u rs in 1971 and 37. 1 h ou rs in 1970. In the m an u factu rin g se c to r, how ever, the la rg e em ploym en t gains w ere j c c o m pan ied by a sig n ifica n t in c r e a s e in the w orkw eek. Continuing the r is e which began in the la st q u a rter o f 1971, a v e ra g e h ours in m anufacturing m ov ed up throughout 1972, a v era gin g 40. 6 h ou rs fo r the y e a r. 1971. T his re p re se n te d an in cre a s e o f 0. 7 hou r f r o r . . F a c to r y o v e rtim e , an im portant in d ica tor o f the pulse o f e co n o m ic activity, a v e ra g e d 3. 5 h ou rs in 1972, a m ark ed im p rov em en t o v er the 2. 9 -h o u rs a v era ge of 1971. This release presents and analyzes statistics from two major surveys. Data on labor force, total employment, and unemployment are derived from the sample sur vey of households conducted and tabulated by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Statistics on payroll employment, hours, and earnings are collected by State agencies from payroll records of employers and are tabulated by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. A description of the two surveys appears in the BLS publication Employment and Earnings. 10 - - Table B. Employment status o f the non in stitu tion e.l population 16 years and over, annual averages, 1970-72 (In thousands) Employment status i 1972 ...: 1971 1970 88,991 2,449 86,542 81,702 3,472 78,230 4,840 5.6 56,785 86,929 2,817 84,113 79,120 3,387 75,732 4,993 5 .9 55,666 85,903 3,188 82,715 78,627 3,462 75,165 4,088 4 .9 54,280 T otal la b o r f o r c e ................................................. Aimed f o r c e s ....................................... ................ C iv ilia n la b o r f o r c e ....................................... Employed............................................................ A g ricu ltu re ................................................. N onagricultural in d u s tr ie s ................... Unemployed........................................................ Unemployment rate 1 (p ercen t) ..................... Not in la b o r f o r c e ................................................ j Chajnge 1971-721 1970-71 1,729 -368 2,096 2,281 72 2,210 -185 -0 .3 665 1,026 -371 1,398 493 -75 567 905 1 .0 1,386 1 / Changes shown in corp ora te the d iffe re n ce s stemming from the in trod u ction o f the 1970 Census population co n tr o ls in to the Current Population Survey estim ation procedures. They thus w i l l d i f f e r from the arith m etic d iffe r e n c e in each o f the 1971-72 changes by the amount o f the s p e c if i c d iffe r e n c e (see ta b les 1 and 3 in "R evisions in Current Popu la t io n Survey" in the February 1972 issu e o f Employment and Earnings). Table C. Unemployed persons 16 years and over by duration o f unemployment, annual averages, 1970-72 Duration o f unemployment 1 1972 ___________ 1921________ :L________ 1970_______ ' Thousands Thousands Thousands of Percent of Percent of Percent persons persons persons T o ta l............................... Less than 5 weeks............. 5 t o 14 weeks..................... 15 weeks and over............. 15 to 26 weeks............. 27 weeks and o v e r ..• . Average (mean) duration. 4 ,8 4 0 2 ,2 2 3 1,458 1,158 597 562 1 12.1 1 0 0 .0 4 5 .9 3 0 .1 2 3 .9 1 2 .3 n .6 1,578 1,181 665 517 1 0 0 .0 4 4 .7 3 1 .6 2 3 .7 1 3 .3 1 0 .4 4,088 2,137 1,289 662 427 235 — 11.4 — 8 .8 4 ,9 9 3 2 ,2 3 4 1 0 0 .0 5 2 .3 3 1 .5 1 6 .2 1 0 .4 5 .7 ]1 -1 1 - Table D. Major unemployment in d ic a to r s , annual averages, 1967-72 (Persons 16 years and over — in percen ts) ----------- r S elected ca te g o rie s 1972 ] 1971 1970 1969 ; 1968 1967 3 .6 3 .8 T ota l ( a l l c i v i l ia n w orkers)............................. 5.6 5-9 4 .9 3.5 Men, 20 years and over................................... Women, 20 years and o v e r ,............................. Both sexes, 16-19 y ea rs................................. 4 .0 3 .5 4 .8 15.3 2 .1 2 .2 3 .7 1 6 .2 4 .4 5 .7 16.9 1 2 .2 3 .8 12.7 2 .3 4 .2 12.9 White...................................................................... 5.0 Negro and other ra ce s................... . ................ 1 0 .0 5.4 9 .9 4 .5 8 .2 3 .1 6 .4 3.2 6 .7 3 .4 7 .4 2 .9 1 .8 1 .9 2 .6 1.5 3 .1 1 .6 2 .1 1 .8 6 .0 3-6 3.2 5.5 8 .7 1 .4 6 .4 7.3 Household heads,...................................................... Married men................................................................ F u ll-tim e workers.................................................... Part-tim e workers.................................................... Unemployed 15 week and ov e r............................... Labor fo r c e time l o s t ........................................... Vietnam Era veteran s, 20-29 y e a rs................... Nonveterans, 20-29 y e a rs..................................... 5 .4 3.3 2 .8 5.1 8 .6 1 .3 4 .5 7 .6 i .5 3 .9 3 .1 6 .5 .5 4 .0 4 .2 4.5 3.6 N.A. N.A. N.A. N.A. 2 .0 1 .2 2 .2 1 .0 2 .1 .9 3.2 3 .1 4 .4 2 .5 5 .0 7.6 4 .5 2 .3 3 .6 6 .9 3.3 3 .0 3 .7 3 .9 7.3 3 .7 3 .4 4 .1 6 .2 .8 5.4 8 .8 6 .9 6 .8 7 .3 6 .0 3 .4 3.5 2 .9 2 .8 2 .0 2 .1 1 .8 1 .6 4 .3 4 .7 6 .5 4 .3 6 .9 10.3 6 .3 4 .3 4 .8 7 .4 4 .7 8.3 1 .3 3 .9 4 .0 .9 2 .9 3 .0 3 .9 3 .4 6 .9 .6 OCCUPATION W h ite -co lla r workers............................................. P ro fe ssio n a l and te c h n ic a l........................... Managers and adm in istrators, except fa r m ,,................................................. Sales w o r k e rs ,,................................................. C le r ic a l workers, _ , ....................................... B lu e -c o lla r workers............................................... Craftsmen and forem en., , ............................... O p e ra tiv e s., . . , .................................................. Nonfarm la b o r e r s ............................................... S ervice w ork ers,..................................................... Farm workers.............................................................. 2.A 2 .6 6 .2 6 .3 3 .8 7.1 9.5 5.3 2 .6 2 .6 1 0 .8 1.3 2 .8 3 .0 4 .1 2 .4 4 .5 7.2 4 .4 2 .2 4*4 6 .7 4.2 1 .9 1 .3 i INDUSTRY P rivate n on agricu ltu ral wage and 6 .2 sa la ry workers................................................... 5.7 C on stru ction ................................................... 10.3 10.4 Manufacturing.................................................. 6 .8 5.6 Durable goods............................................. 5.A 7 .0 Nondurable goods....................................... ' 5 .7 6 .5 Transportation and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s ...................................................... 3 .8 3.5 Wholesale and r e t a i l tra d e ....................... 6 .4 6 .4 Finance and se rv ice in d u s tr ie s ............... 5.1 4 .8 Government workers................................................. 2 .9 2 .9 A g ricu ltu ra l wage and salaryworkers .............................................................. i 7.6 7 .9 N.A.= Not a v a ila b le 5.2 9 .7 5.6 5 .7 5 .4 3.5 6 .0 i 1 3.3 3 .0 3 .7 : j ! 3.2 5.3 4.2 2 .2 2 .2 4 .1 3.3 1 .9 2 .0 4 .0 3 .4 1 .8 2 .4 4 .2 3 .6 1 .8 7.5 6 .0 6 .3 6 .9 -1 2 - T a b le E . E m p lo y e e s on n on a g ricu ltu ra l p a y r o lls , by in du stry, annual a v e r a g e s , 1970-72 (In thousands) Change Industry 1972 P 1971 1970 1971-72 1970-71 7 2 ,7 5 0 70, 645 70, 593 2, 105 52 2 3 ,0 5 5 607 3, 520 18,928 22, 542 602 3 ,411 18 ,5 2 9 2 3 ,3 5 2 623 3, 381 19, 349 513 5 109 399 -8 1 0 -21 30 -8 2 0 D u rable g o o d ^ ...................................... 10, 881 O rdn an ce and a c c e s s o r i e s . • • • 1 8 7 .4 L u m b er and w o o d p r o d u ct s . • •• 6 1 2 .0 F u rn itu re and fix t u r e s ............ .. • 4 9 2 .9 6 6 0 .0 Stone, c la y , and g la s s p r o d u cts . P r im a r y m e ta l in d u str ie s. • • •• 12 3 4 .5 F a b r ic a te d m e ta l p ro d u cts . . . . 13 7 0 .5 M a ch in e ry , e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l . . 186 3 .4 E l e c t r ic a l e q u ip m e n t .................. 1 8 3 3 .0 T ra n sp o rta tio n equipm ent . . •. j!1 7 4 4 .3 Instrum ents and re la te d . . . . . . : 4 5 5 .9 M is c e lla n e o u s m a n u fa ctu rin g • • j 4 2 5 .4 N ondurable g ood s .............. ............... i 8 ,0 4 8 F o o d and k in d red p ro d u cts . . •• j 17 5 0 .3 T o b a c c o m a n u fa ctu re s. •............ : 7 1 .8 T e x tile m ill p r o d u c t s ................. 9 9 0 .9 A p p a r e l ............ .......................... .. 1 3 3 5 .6 P a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c t s .......... 6 9 6 .8 P rin tin g and pu b lish in g . . . . . . * 10 7 9 .2 C h e m ica ls and a llie d p rod u cts. • 1 0 0 2 .4 P e tr o le u m and c o a l p ro d u cts • .. j 1 8 9 .7 R u b b er •••••••••••••••••••••; 6 2 6 .8 304.5 L ea th er and le a th e r p ro d u cts •• 10, 565 192. 1 5 8 0 .8 458. 5 6 3 3 .7 1 ,2 2 7 .4 1 ,3 2 8 .2 1 ,8 0 5 .3 1 ,7 6 8 .5 1 ,7 2 3 .9 4 3 7 .0 4 0 9 .6 7, 964 1 ,7 5 8 .3 | 7 6 .3 i! 9 5 7 .0 1 ,3 3 5 .7 i 6 8 3 .6 1 ,0 7 1 .2 ,; 1, 008.2 ' 1 9 0 .6 ii 5 8 0 .9 ; 3 0 2 .4 11, 195 2 4 1 .9 5 7 2 .7 4 5 9 .8 6 4 0 .2 1 ,3 1 5 .6 1 ,3 8 0 .4 1 ,9 8 2 .1 1 ,9 1 7 .0 1 ,7 9 9 .1 4 6 0 .4 4 2 5 .7 8, 154 1 ,7 8 2 .8 82. 9 9 7 5 .9 1 ,3 6 4 .6 7 0 5 .5 1 ,1 0 1 .6 1 ,0 4 9 .0 1 9 0 .8 580. 1 3 2 0 .4 S e r v ic e -p r o d u c in g •••••••••••••••••••j 49, 695 T ra n sp o rta tio n and p u b lic u t i l i t i e s .. . = 4, 495 W h o le sa le and r e ta il tra d e ••••••••• 15, 679 3 ,9 1 8 W h o le sa le t r a d e ......................... .. R e ta il t r a d e .............. ............... ........... 11, 760 3, 926 F in a n ce , in su ra n ce , and r e a l e sta te . • S e r v ic e s ................... •••••••••••••••• 12, 309 G ov ern m en t ................................................. 1 3 ,2 8 7 F e d e r a l ......................................... •••• 2, 649 State and l o c a l ...........••••••••••• 10,639 48, 103 4 ,4 4 2 15, 142 3,.809 11 ,3 3 3 3 ,7 9 6 11 ,8 6 9 1 2 ,8 5 6 2 ,6 6 4 10, 191 ] 4 7 ,2 4 2 i 4, 493 | 1 4 ,9 1 4 j 3 ,8 1 2 11, 102 3, 688 1 1 ,6 1 2 i 12 ,5 3 5 < 2 ,7 0 5 9 ,8 3 0 T o t a l .............................. .. G o o d s -p r o d u c in g . . . . . . . . ............................ M ining • ••..................................................... C o n tra ct c o n s tr u c tio n ............................... M an u factu rin g . . . . . ..................... .......... p = p re lim in a ry j ! i ; ; 1 j ; ; • * ! • ( : 316 -6 3 0 -4 9 .8 -4 .7 3 1 .2 8 .1 3 4 .4 - 1 .3 26. 3 -6 .5 7. 1 -8 8 .2 42. 3 - 5 2 .2 58. 1 - 1 7 6 .8 6 4 .5 - 1 4 8 .5 2 0 .4 - 7 5 .2 - 2 3 .4 1 8 .9 1 5 .8 -1 6 .1 -1 9 0 84 -8 . 0 - 2 4 .5 -4 . 5 ; -6 .6 33. 9 1 ! -1 8 .9 -.1 - 2 8 .9 13.2 - 2 1 .9 8 . 0 . - 3 0 .4 -5 .8 - 4 0 .8 -. 2 -.9 i .8 45. 9 I 2 .1 j - 1 8 .0 1, 592 I 53 ; 537 109 427 130 440 431 -1 5 448 861 -51 228 -3 231 108 257 321 -41 361 NOTE: F igu res fo r p eriod s p rio r to January 1972 in the tables and charts are not strictly, com parable with current data because of the introduction of 1970 Census data into the estim ation p roced u res. F or exam ple, the civilia n labor fo r c e and em ploym ent totals w ere raised by m ore than 300, 000 as a resu lt o f the census adjust ment. An explanation of the changes and an indication o f the d ifferen ces appear in "R ev ision s in the Current Population Survey" in the F ebruary 1972 issu e of Em ploym ent and Earnings. TabU A-1: Employment status of tha noninstitutional population by sox and ago (In thousands) Seasonally adjusted Employment status, age, and sex Dec. 1972 Nov. 1972 Dec. 1971 89,437 86,997 82,881 3,163 79,719 1,990 917 1,073 4,116 89,400 86,969 82,703 3,363 79,340 2,011 946 1,065 4,266 48,921 47,263 2,464 44,799 1,657 Oct. 1972 Sept. 1972 Aug. 1972 89,468 87,037 82,531 3,524 79,007 2,266 1,067 1,199 4,506 89,691 87,276 82,482 3,660 78,822 2,302 1 0 1,261 4,794 89,454 87,049 82,222 3,575 78,647 2,340 1,058 1,282 4,827 89,256 86,860 81,973 3,625 78,348 2,488 1,082 1,406 4,.887 42,083 3,6a 49,113 47,451 2,652 44,799 1,662 49,031 47,285 2,597 44,688 1,746 49,227 47,303 2,663 44,640 1,924 49,083 47,204 2,629 U , 575 1,879 48,954 47,063 2,550 44,513 1,891 30,328 28,864 534 28,330 1,463 29,628 28,182 434 27,748 1,445 29,908 28,373 561 27,812 1,535 29,802 28,308 533 27,775 1,494 29,958 28,322 575 27,747 1,636 29,915 28,296 561 27,735 1,619 29,990 28,334 604 27,730 1,656 7,759 6,530 7,266 6,099 8,316 6,988 8,091 6,857 6,233 1,229 5,851 1,167 8,204 6,938 394 6,544 8,051 6,722 385 6,337 1,329 7,916 6,576 471 6,105 1,340 Dec. 1972 Nov. 1972 87,541 84,883 80,188 2,948 77,240 2,198 1,045 1,153 4,695 89,777 87,337 82,812 3,639 79,173 2,165 951 1,214 4,525 48,882 47,309 2,532 44,777 1,573 47,990 45,907 2,266 30,291 28,980 445 28,535 1,311 7,786 6,638 253 6,384 1,148 Total Total labor f o r c e .......................................... ; . . Civilian labor force ............................................. Employed............................................................. Agriculture....................................................... Nonagricultural industries............................. On part time for economic reason s............. Usually work full time . ........................... Usually work part t i m e ............................. Unemployed.......................................................... ,a Mm , 20 years and aver Civilian labor force................................................ Employed....................................................... .. . Agriculture........................................*•............ Nonagricultural industries................ .. Unemployed.......................................................... Women, 20 years and aver Civilinn labor f o r c e ..................... ................... Employed ............................................................. Agriculture....................................................... Nonagricultural industries............................. Unemployed.......................................................... Both sexes, 16-19 years Civilian labor force................................................ Employed............................................................. Agriculture..................................................... .. Nonagricultural industries............................. Unemployed.......................................................... 296 248 426 6,562 1,328 1,266 422 6,435 1,234 Table A-2: Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Table A-3: Major unemployment indicators (Persons 16 years and over) Thousands o f persons unemployed Selected categories Total (all civilian workers). . . Men, 20 years and o v e r. . . •Women, 20 years and over. Both sexes, 16-19 y ears.. . White ......................... Negro and other races Household heads......................... Married m e n ................................ Full-time w ork ers......... ............. Part-time workers......................... Unemployed 15 weeks and over1 State insured3 ............................. Labor force time lost3 ................ Seasonally adjusted rates o f unemployment Dec. 1972 Dec. 1971 Dec 1972 Nov. 1972 Oct. 1972 Sept. 1972 Aug. 1972 Dec. 1971 4,116 4,695 2,063 1,445 1,167 5.2 3.4 5.1 16.0 5.2 3.6 5.0 15.4 5.5 3.9 5.5 15.3 5.5 3.8 5.4 16.5 5.6 3.9 5.5 16.9 6.0 1,657 1,311 1,148 4.3 5.8 17.3 3,291 825 3,832 863 4.6 9.6 4.6 9.8 5.0 5.0 10.1 10.2 5.1 9 .7 5.4 10.4 1,435 978 3,028 1,088 1,817 1,281 3,649 2 .9 2 .4 4 .7 8.4 2 .9 2.4 4.6 8.4 1.2 3.4 3.3 2.8 5.0 8.6 1.3 3.3 3.8 3.2 5.7 8.4 1.5 862 1,046 1,104 1.1 1,678 2,110 1,150 1,178 3.4 3.1 5ft 5:2 2.1 2.1 111 4.2 4.3 555 4 .0 4.2 1,121 6.0 6.0 527 648 95 8.7 6.2 9.2 6.4 3.9 3.2 5.4 2.8 5.0 8.6 1.3 1:3 2.6 5.1 8. 8 . 1.4 l-A I'M 3.3 3.5 2 .4 Occupation4 White-collar w orkers........................................ Professional and technical........................... Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers................................................. Clerical w ork ers.......................................... Blue-collar w orkers.......................................... Craftsmen and kindred workers......... Operatives..................................................... Nonfarm laborers........................................ Service w orkers................................................. Farm workers................................................... 245 138 187 i.?3 459 841 419 6U 88 2,202 2.3 3.6 2.8 2.1 4.2 4.8 5.9 4 .0 6.4 9.2 6.2 3.1 2.2 1.7 4 .7 4.2 6.4 9.6 7.3 2.9 1.8 U 6.5 4 .4 6 .7 10.9 6.3 2 .7 3.6 2 .9 1.8 7.5 4.8 8.2 11.9 6.4 2 .7 Industry4 Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers3 . . . Construction............................................................... Manufacturing............................................................ Durable goods........................................................ Nondurable g o o d s ............................................... Transportation and public utilities......................... Wholesale and retail trade......................................... Finance and service industries ............................... Government w orkers.................. ................................... Agricultural wage and salary workers ......................... 3,039 452 910 476 434 127 801 730 378 103 3,55? 496 1,301 762 538 187 814 730 367 103 5.3 10.0 4 .7 4.1 5.7 2 .7 5.2 9.7 4.7 4.4 5.0 6.2 2.8 3.5 6.2 4.5 2 .7 9.8 6.4 4 .9 3.2 9.6 4 .7 3.2 6.6 5.6 10.6 5.0 4.5 5.8 5.6 5.8 6.3 9.2 11.6 11.2 5.1 4.8 5.4 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.9 6.7 7.1 4.1 6.5 4 .9 3.2 7.5 3.7 6.7 4 .7 3.2 8.9 3.8 6.6 4 .7 3.0 6.5 1 Unemployment rate calculated as a percent o f civilian labor force. 3 Insured unemployment under State programs—unemployment rate calculated as a percent o f average covered employment. As with the other statistics presented, insured unemployment data relate to the week containing the 12th. 3 Man-hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent o f potentially available labor force man-hours. 4 Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers. 3 Includes mining, not shown separately. Table A-4: Unemployed persons 16 years and over by duration of unemployment (In thousands) Seasonally adjusted Duration of unemployment Dec. 1972 Dec. 1971 Dec. 1972 Nov. 1972 Oct. 1972 Sept. 1972 Aug. 1972 Dec. 1971 Less than 5 w ee k s.................. .................................... 5 to 14 w e e k s ................................................................. 15 weeks and o v e r.......................................................... 15 to 26 w eeks.......................................................... 27 weeks and over...................................................... 1,795 1,459 862 473 389 2,068 1,524 1,104 604 499 2,092 1,445 994 566 428 2,165 1,398 1,068 605 463 2,256 1,447 1,095 545 550 2,369 1,385 1,137 587 550 2,254 1,505 1,188 644 544 2,410 1,509 1,273 724 549 Average (mean) duration, in w ee k s............................. 11.7 11.9 11.2 11.3 11.6 12.2 12.1 11.4 Tab le A -5 : U n e m p lo y e d p e rso n s by reason lo r u n em p lo ym en t (Numbers in thousands) Reason for unemployment Seasonally adjusted* Dec, Dec. 1972 1971 Dec. 1972 1,897 581 1,129 509 2,322 551 1,257 566 1,932 702 1,286 662 1,893 650 1,362 628 100.0 46.1 U .l 27.4 12.4 100.0 49.4 11.7 26.8 12.1 100.0 42.2 15.3 28.1 14.4 2.2 .7 1.3 .6 2 .7 .6 1.5 .7 2.2 .8 1.5 .8 sep t. 1972 ffugT 1972 Decl 1971 1,942 666 1,490 649 2,121 635 1,452 649 2,244 644 1,427 640 2,365 666 1,432 736 100.0 41.8 14.3 30.0 13.9 100.0 40.9 14.0 31.4 13.7 100.0 43.7 13.1 29.9 13.4 100.0 45.3 13.0 28.8 12.9 100.0 45.5 12.8 27.5 14.2 2.2 .7 1.6 .7 2.2 .8 1.7 .7 2 .4 .7 1 .7 .7 2.6 .7 1.6 .7 2 .8 .8 1 .7 .9 — Nov:-------1972 u ct. 1972. Number of unemployed Lost last j o b ............................................... Left last j o b .......................................................... Reentered labor force ........................................... Never worked b e fo r e ............................................. Percent distribution Total unemployed............................................. Lost last j o b ..................................................... Left last j o b ..................................................... Reentered labor force........................................ Never worked before........................................... Unemployed os o percent of the civilian labor forco Lost last jo b .......................................................... Left last j o b .......................................................... Reentered labor force............................................ Never worked b e fo r e ................................ ............. Table A-6: Unemployed persons by age and sex Thousands of persons Age and sex Total) 16 years and o v e r ........................... Dec. 1972 Dec. 1971 4,116 4,695 Percent looking for full-time work 73.6 Seasonally adjusted unemployment rates Dec. 1972 Nov. 1972 Oct. 1972 Sept. 1972 Aug. 1972 Dec. 1971 5.2 5.2 5.5 5.5 5.6 6 .0 16.0 17.4 15.0 8.8 3.3 3.4 3.0 15.4 18.2 13.3 8.6 3.3 3.5 2.8 15.3 18.3 13.2 9.1 3.6 3.7 3.5 16.5 19.9 U .l 9.1 3.5 3.7 3.1 16.9 20.5 H .O 9.0 3.6 3.7 3 .7 17.3 18.8 16.3 10.1 4.1 4.3 3.4 16 to 19 years.................................. 16 and 17 years.................................. 18 and 19 years.................................. 20 to 24 years......................................... 25 years and o v e r .................................. 25 to 54 years..................................... 55 years and over................................ 1,148 545 603 898 2,070 1,645 425 1,167 550 617 987 2,541 2,055 486 Males, 16 years and o v e r........................... 2,328 2,784 78.1 4.4 4.6 4.8 4.9 4 .9 5.4 16 to 19 years........................ ................ 16 and 17 years.................................. 18 and 19 years.................................. 20 to 24 years......................................... 25 years and o v e r .................................. 25 to 54 years.......... .......................... ■ 55 years and over................................ 671 330 342 523 1,134 851 283 701 337 364 611 1,471 1,175 296 48.1 24.2 71.3 85.1 92.7 97.2 79.5 15.6 17.6 14.0 8.4 2 .7 2 .5 2 .9 15.5 17.9 13.5 8 .7 2 .7 2.8 2 .7 U .l 17.5 11.7 8 .9 3.1 3.0 3.6 15.9 20.8 12.3 8.6 3.0 3.0 3.3 16.5 20.0 13.2 8.5 3.1 3.0 3.4 17.3 19.0 16.0 10.5 3.5 3.6 3 .0 Females, 16 years and o v e r ...................... 1,788 1,911 67.6 6 .4 6.1 6.6 6 .7 6.8 7.0 16 to 19 years......................................... 16 and 17 years............ ..................... 18 and 19 years...................... .. . . . . 20 to 24 years......................................... 25 years and o v e r .................................. 25 to 54 years..................................... 55 years and over................................ 477 215 262 375 936 793 142 466 213 253 376 1,070 880 190 49.3 24.2 69.8 78.7 72.5 75.2 58.5 16.4 17.2 16.1 9.2 4.3 4.8 3.1 15.3 18.5 13.1 8.5 4.2 4.6 3.0 16.7 19.3 15.0 9.5 4.5 4.8 3.4 17.3 18.6 16.3 9.6 4.5 4 .9 2 .9 17.5 21.3 14.9 9.5 4.6 4.8 4.3 17.3 18.5 16.7 9.6 5.0 5.4 3.9 48.6 24.0 . 70.8 82.4 83.5 86.5 72.0 Table A>7: Employment status of male Vietnam Era veterans and nonveterans 20 to 29 years old (Numbers in thousands) Seasonally adjusted Employment status N ov. 1972 D ec. 197 1 D ec. 1972 N ov. 1972 O ct. 1972 S ep t. 1972 Aug. 1972 D ec. 1971 4 ,6 4 8 4 ,3 3 0 4 ,0 9 9 231 5 .3 4 ,6 3 6 4 ,3 0 7 4 ,0 5 0 257 6 .0 4 ,3 3 4 3 ,9 7 9 3 ,6 5 6 3 23 8 .1 4 ,6 4 8 4 ,3 3 7 4 ,0 9 7 240 4 ,6 2 4 4 ,3 0 8 4 ,0 3 2 276 6 .4 4 ,5 9 6 4 ,2 8 8 4 ,0 0 3 285 6 .6 4 ,5 7 4 4 ,2 3 3 3 ,9 0 5 3 28 7 .7 4 ,3 3 4 3 ,9 8 5 3 ,6 5 0 5 .5 4 ,6 3 6 4 ,3 2 8 4 ,0 5 9 2 69 6 .2 1 ,8 3 7 1 ,6 8 2 1 ,5 3 5 1 47 8 .7 1 ,8 6 1 1 ,6 8 0 1 ,5 1 4 1 66 9 .9 1 ,9 8 9 1 ,7 8 9 1 ,5 7 3 216 1 2 .1 1 ,8 3 7 1 ,6 6 4 1 ,5 1 2 152 9 .1 1 ,8 6 1 1 ,6 8 0 1 ,5 0 5 175 1 0 .4 1 ,8 8 5 1 ,6 9 2 1 ,5 5 0 142 8 .4 1 ,8 9 7 1 ,7 2 0 1 ,5 6 6 154 9 .0 1 ,9 1 3 1 ,7 3 ^ 1 ,5 2 1 /2 1 8 1 2 .5 .,7 7 3 1 ,5 5 0 223 1 2 .6 2 ,8 1 1 2 ,6 4 8 2 ,5 6 4 84 3 .2 2 ,7 7 5 2 ,6 2 7 2 ,5 3 6 91 3 .5 2 ,3 4 5 2 ,1 9 0 2 ,0 8 3 1 07 4 .9 2 ,8 1 1 2 ,6 7 3 2 ,5 8 5 88 3 .3 2 ,7 7 5 2 ,6 4 8 2 ,5 5 4 94 3 .5 2 ,7 3 9 2 ,6 1 6 2 ,4 8 2 134 5 .1 2 ,6 9 9 2 ,5 6 8 2 ,4 3 7 131 5.1. 2 ,6 6 1 2 ,4 9 4 2 ,3 8 4 110 4 .4 2 ,3 4 5 2 ,2 1 2 2 ,1 0 0 112 5 .1 1 0 ,3 2 7 8 ,8 7 9 8 ,3 4 3 5 36 6 .0 1 0 ,2 5 0 8 ,8 1 4 8 ,3 2 8 486 5 .5 3 ,6 1 6 8 ,2 7 0 7 ,6 7 8 592 7 .2 1 0 ,3 2 7 9 ,1 1 0 8 ,5 1 9 5 91 6 .5 1 0 ,2 5 0 8 ,9 8 5 8 ,4 1 0 575 6 .4 /10 ,2 0 9 8 ,9 9 4 8 ,4 0 0 594 6 .6 1 0 ,1 5 5 8 ,8 0 0 8 ,2 6 2 538 6 .1 1 0 ,1 2 1 8 ,7 2 9 8 ,1 8 7 542 6 .2 6 ,2 8 9 5 ,0 7 5 4 ,6 9 8 3 77 7 .4 6 ,2 2 6 5 ,0 4 5 4 ,6 7 8 367 7 .3 5 ,6 4 3 4 ,5 0 5 4 ,1 1 0 395 8 .8 6 ,2 8 9 5 ,2 9 4 4 ,8 6 3 431 8 .1 6 ,2 2 6 5 ,2 0 2 4 ,7 7 8 424 8 .2 6 ,1 9 .4 5 ,r /5 4 ,7 2 8 447 8 .6 6 ,1 4 0 5 ,0 0 6 4 ,6 1 4 392 7 .8 6 ,1 1 3 4 ,9 2 3 4 ,5 2 4 399 8 .1 5 ,6 4 3 4 ,7 0 6 4 ,2 5 5 451 9 .6 4 ,0 3 8 3 ,8 0 4 4 ,0 2 4 3 ,7 6 9 3 ,6 5 0 119 3 .2 3 ,9 7 3 3 ,7 6 5 3 ,5 6 8 197 5 .2 4 ,0 3 8 3 ,8 1 6 3 ,6 5 6 160 4 .2 4 ,0 2 4 4 ,0 1 5 3 ,8 1 9 3 ,6 7 2 1 47 3 .8 4 ,0 1 5 3 ,7 9 4 3 ,6 4 8 146 3 .8 4 ,0 0 8 3 ,8 0 6 3 ,6 6 3 1 43 3 .8 3 ,9 7 3 3 ,7 7 7 3 ,5 7 9 198 5 .2 D ec. 1972 Veterans' Total, 20 to 29 years old Civilian noninstitutional population2 ............. Unemployed .......................................... 335 8 .4 20 to 24 years Civilian noninstitutional population 2 ........... Civilian labor force ..................................... E m p lo y e d ............................................... Unemployed . ..................................... Unemployment ra te................................ .,9 8 9 25 to 29 years Civilian noninstitutional population2............. Civilian Im m i ..................... E m p lo y e d ............................................... Unemployed .......................................... Unemployment rate................................ Nonveterans Total, 20 to 29 years old Civilian noninstitutional population2. ........... Civilian labor force ..................................... E m p lo y e d ............................................... Unemployed .......................................... Unemployment ra te................................ 9 ,6 1 6 8 ,4 8 3 7 ,8 3 4 649 * 7 .7 20 to 24 years Civilian noninstitutional population 2 ........... Civilian lahor force ..................................... Employed ............................................... Unemployed .......................................... Unemployment ra te............................... 25 to 29 years Civilian noninstitutional population 2 ........... Civilian labor force ..................................... E m p lo y e d ............................................... Unemployed ....................................... .* Unemployment rate............................. 3 ,6 4 5 159 4 .2 3 ,7 8 3 3 ,6 3 2 151 4 .0 ’ 1Vietnam Era veterans are those who served after August 4,1 9 64 ; they are all classified as war veterans. 7 8 percent o f the Vietnam Era veterans o f all ages are 20 to 29 years old. Post-Koreanpeacetime veterans 20 to 29 years old are not included in this table. 2Since seasonal variations are not present in the population fig u res, id entical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. Table B -1: Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry (la thousands) Seasonally adjusted Change from Oct. 1972 Dec. 1971 74, 413 74,118 72, 039 23, 328 23, 649 , 23, 750 599 607 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION......... 3, 366 MANUFACTURING.......................... Production workers............... Dec. 19?2P Nov. 1972p T O T A L ................................................ 74, 643 GO O DS-PRO DUCING..................... Change from Dec. 1971 Dec.1972P Nov. 1972p Oct. 1972 Nov. 1972 230 2, 604 73, 892 73, 868 73, 589 24 22,515 -321 813 23, 404 23, 459 23, 397 -55 609 607 -8 -8 603 609 610 -6 3, 635 3, 782 3, 388 -269 -22 3,445 3, 529 3, 568 -84 19,407 14, 274 11, 227 • 8,235 19, 359 14, 225 11,165 8, 173 18, 520 13, 467 10,558 7, 622 -44 -37 22 21 843 770 19, 356 14,218 11, 240 8, 239 19,321 14, 183 11, 191 8, 198 19,219 14, 083 11,127 8, 131 35 35 Production workers................ 19, 363 14, 237 11,249 8,256 49 41 Ordnance and accessories............. Lumber and wood products.............. Furniture and fixtures................... Stone, clay, and glass products . . Primary metal industries.............. Fabricated metal products.............. Machinery, except electrical *«•. . Electrical equipment . . . . . . . . . Transportation equipment . . . . . . Instruments and related products . Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . 191. 2 614.3 513.3 665.9 267. 7 41 2.0 94 3.4 920. 1 812.4 474. 1 434. 4 194. 7 621. 1 51 2.4 676. 2 1, 261. 6 1,411. 6 1, 918. 2 1, 904.2 1, 808. 7 471. 5 446. 9 190.5 623. 1 508.6 67 9.4 1 ,2 5 5 .0 1, 403. 0 1, 899. 4 1, 889.4 1, 801. 6 46 6.4 448. 9 8, 114 5, 981 8, 180 6,0 39 8, 194 6, 052 Food and kindred products........... Tobacco manufactures................... Textile mill products..................... Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products............. Printing and publishing . . . . . . . Chemicals and allied products. . . Petroleum and coal products . . . . Rubber and plastics products, nec Leather and leather products . . . . 1, 712. 9 71 .6 1, 018. 8 1, 347. 3 709. 3 1, 091. 9 1,012. 8 * 189.0 65 9.4 300. 7 1, 766. 7 76. 7 1, 012. 8 1, 361. 5 710. 1 1, 093. 4 1 ,0 1 0 .5 188. 9 655. 5 303. 9 1, 815. 3 76. 6 1, 003.2 1, 356. 8 705. 6 1, 08 8.4 1, 007. 8 189. 7 647. 4 302. 8 SER V ICE-PR O D U C IN G ................... 51, 315 50, 764 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S ................................... 4,551 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRAD E. WHOLESALE T R A D E ............. RETAIL T R A D E ................. Industry MINING..........................................' DURABLE G O O D S ............... Nov. 1972 691 . 634 184. 3 • -3 . 5 593. 2 - 6 .8 47 7.6 .9 -1 0. 3 63 2.6 172. 0 6. X 338. 2 .4 25. 2 803. 5 785. 7 15.9 721. 7 3. 7 440. 1 2. 6 40 9 .4 -12. 5 6 .9 21. 1 35. 7 33 .3 95 .7 73. 8 139.9 134.4 90. 7 34. 0 2 5 .0 190 622 509 672 1,281 1, 402 1,949 1, 912 1, 794 472 437 193 622 506 674 1, 281 1,399 1. 932 1, 889 1, 793 471 431 191 616 503 673 1,279 1, 392 1, 915 1, 882 1, 782 466 428 -3 0 3 -2 0 3 17 23 1 1 6 -66 -58 152 136 8, 116 5, 979 8, 130 5, 985 8, 092 5, 952 -14 -6 7 2 9 9 9 6 1 3 5 3 -53* 8 -5 . 1 6 .0 -1 4 .2 -. 8 -ll 5 2 .3 . 1 3. 9 -3 .2 -2 5 .8 -4. 6 46. 9 19.4 19.4 17.3 17. 7 -.3 62. 9 -1 .6 1, 728 68 1,016 1, 350 705 1, 085 1, 017 191 657 299 1, 746 71 1, 009 1, 3§1 707 1,089 1, 014 189 652 302 1, 742 66 1, 002 1, 342 707 1,086 1, O il 189 643 304 -18 -3 7 -1 -2 -4 3 2 5 -3 50, 368 49, 524 551 1, 791 50, 488 50, 409 50, 192 79 4, 555 4, 549 4, 432 -4 119 4, 551 4, 550 4, 540 1 16, 634 16, 143 15, 887 16, 061 491 573 15, 914 15, 935 15, 835 -21 4, 002 12,632 3, 988 12,155 3, 982 11, 905 3, 867 12, 194 14 477 135 438 3, 974 11, 940 3, 960 11, 975 3, 954 11, 881 14 -35 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL E S T A T E ............................ 3, 962 3, 965 3, 957 3, 836 -3 126 3, 982 3, 981 3, 969 1 S E R V IC E S ..................................... 12, 469 12,476 12, 463 11, 970 -7 499 12, 544 12,501 12, 451 43 GOVERNMENT ............................... FEDERAL .................... 13, 699 2, 657 13, 625 2, 631 13, 512 2, 627 13,225 2, 684 74 26 474 -27 13, 497 2, 640 13, 442 2, 642 13, 397 2, 630 55 -2 STATE AN D L O C A L ........... 11, 042 10,994 10, 885 10, 541 48 501 10, 857 10, 800 10, 767 57 NONDURABLE G O O D S .................... Production workers............. p * preliminary. 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 7, 962 5, 845 1, 738. 76. 971. 1, 327. 689. 1, 074. 995. 189. 596. 302. Tab le B-2: A v e ra g e w eekly hours o f production or no nsupervisory w o rk e rs1 on p riva te n o n a gricu ltu ra l p a y ro lls , by ind ustry Seasonally adjusted Change from- Oct. 1972 D ec. . 1971 D ec. _ 1972 p Nov. 1972 p TOTAL PRIVATE............................. 37 .4 37. 1 37. 3 37. 3 0. 3 0. 1 37.2 37 .2 37 .3 0 .0 MINING.......................................... 4 1 .9 4 2 .6 4 2 .9 4 2 .7 -.7 -.8 41 Jo 4 2 .6 4 2 .6 - 1 .0 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION.......... 35.2 36. 0 38.2 36.4 -.8 - 1 .2 35 .6 3 7 .0 37 .6 - 1 .4 MANUFACTURING.......................... Overtime hours.......................... 4 1 .5 4 .0 4 1 .0 3.9 40. 8 3 .8 4 0 .7 3.2 .5 .1 .8 .8 4,1.0 3 .8 4 0 .9 3 .8 4 0 .7 3 .6 .1 0 DURABLE G O O D S ............... Overtime h o u r s ...................... 4 2 .4 4. 3 41. 8 4. 1 41. 5 4 .0 4 1 .4 3.2 .6 .2 1 .0 1.1 4 1 .9 4 .1 4 1 .7 4 .0 4 1 .4 3. 8 .2 .1 43. 8 39 .9 4 0 .7 4 1 .8 44. 1 4 2 .2 4 3 .5 4 0 .9 4 4 .6 41 .1 39.7 4 2 .4 4 0 .8 4 0 .9 4 1 .9 4 2 .4 4 1 .7 4 2 .7 41 .1 4 2 .5 4 0 .9 39.7 4 2 .4 4 1 .4 40. 8 4 2 .5 4 1 .7 4 1 .5 42. 3 40. 8 4 2 .0 40. 7 39.5 4 2 .4 40. 8 4 0 .9 4 1 .6 4 1 .0 4 1 .3 4 1 .9 40. 8 4 2 .5 40. 8 39.5 1.4 -.9 -.2 -. 1 1.7 .5 .8 -.2 2. 1 .2 0 1 .4 -.9 -.2 .2 3. 1 .9 1 .6 .1 2 .1 .2 4 3 .3 3 9 .8 3 9 .8 4 1 .8 4 4 .0 4 1 .8 4 2 .8 4 0 .3 4 3 .6 4 0 .7 39 .4 4 2 .3 4 0 .9 4 0 .5 4 1 .8 4 2 .9 4 1 .6 4 2 .7 4 0 .8 4 2 .0 4 0 .5 39 .3 4 2 .4 41. 1 4 0 .2 4 2 .2 4 2 .3 4 1 .3 4 2 .3 4 0 .6 4 1 .5 4 0 .6 3 9 .2 1 .0 -1 .1 -.7 0 1. 1 .2 .1 -.5 1 .6 .2 .1 NONDURABLE G O O D S .................... Overtime hours.......................... 4 0 .2 3.5 4 0 .0 3 .6 39. 8 3.6 3 9 .8 3.1 .2 1 .4 .4 39 .9 3 .4 3 9 .9 3 .5 39 .7 3 .4 0 -. 1 Food and kindred p r o d u c ts ............ T oba cco m anufactures..................... T extile mill products........................ Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products ........... Printing and p u b lish in g ............. Chem icals and allied products . . . Petroleum and coal products . . . . Rubber and pla stics products, nec Leather and leather products,. . . . 4 0 .9 33.9 4 1 .9 36 .3 4 3 .7 38.4 4 2 .5 4 2 .9 41 .5 37.5 40 .5 35.0 4 1 .7 36.4 43. 3 38.3 4 1 .9 4 2 .3 4 1 .7 38 .0 4 0 .4 36. 8 4 1 .4 36.2 43. 1 38 .0 4 2 .0 4 2 .7 4 1 .4 37.5 4 0 .6 36.1 4 1 .5 35.9 42. 8 38 .0 4 1 .9 4 2 .3 4 1 .2 38. 8 4 0 .6 .2 -1 .7 0 .1 .1 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S ................................... 4 0 .5 4 0 .3 40. 6 WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TRADE. 35 .4 34.7 WHOLESALE T R A D E ....................... RETAIL T R A D E .............................. 40.1 34 .0 3 9 .8 33.2 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL E S T A T E ............................ 37. 1 S E R V IC E S ..................................... 34. 1 Industry Ordnance and a cces sories ........... Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fix tu r e s ..................... Stone, clay, and g la ss products . . Primary metal in d u s t r ie s ............... Fabricated metal products............... Machinery, except electrical . . . . Electrical equipm ent........................ Transportation equipm ent............... Instruments and related products . M iscellaneous manufacturing . . . . Nov. 1972 .4 -1 .1 .2 -. 1 D ec. 1971 .3 D ec. _ 1972 p Nov. 1972 p O ct. 1972 Change from Nov. 1972 - 2 .2 3 3 .3 .4 .4 4 0 .4 3 5 .0 4 1 .4 36.2 4 3 .2 38 .3 4 1 .8 4 2 .2 4 1 .6 3 7 .8 4 0 .4 3 5 .8 4 1 .2 36 .2 4 2 .9 3 8 .0 4 2 .0 4 2 .4 4 1 .2 37 .7 1 .0 -.5 -1 .1 .3 .4 .9 . 1 .6 .6 -.2 -.5 .4 -1 . 3 4 1 .4 3 6 .3 4 3 .3 37 .9 4 2 .2 4 3 .2 4 1 .1 36 .7 4 0 .6 .2 -. 1 4 0 .3 40 .1 4 0 .4 .2 34. 9 35.5 .7 -. 1 35 .2 3 5 .0 35.1 .2 39. 8 4 0 .2 34.1 .3 .8 -. 1 -. 1 39 .7 3 3 .8 3 9 .9 33 .5 3 9 .8 33 .5 -.2 3 3 .3 37.1 37. 3 37 .0 0 .1 37.1 37. 1 3 7 .3 0 34.0 34. 1 34.2 .1 -. 1 34.1 34.1 3 4 .2 0 .6 .6 .3 -.4 .4 .3 JData relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in contract construction: and to nonsupervisory' workers in traieportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately fair-fifths o f the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls. p = preliminary. T a b le B-3: A v e ra g e hourly and w eekly e a rn in gs of production or n o n su p e rv iso ry w orkers on private n o n a gricu ltu ra l p a yro lls, by industry Average weekly earnings Average hourly earnings Industry Dec. 1972p Nov. 1972P Change from Oct. 1972 Dec. 1971 Nov. 1972 Dec. 1971 Dec. 1972P Nov. 1972p Oct. 1972 Dec. 1971 Change from Nov. 1971 $139. 50 $138. 38 $139. 50 $131. 30 $1. 12 139. 13 130.96 . 37 139. 13 138. 76 Dec. 1971 Seasonally adjusted........................ $3. 73 3. 74 $3. 73 3. 73 $3. 74 3. 73 $3. 52 3. 53 $0. 00 .01 $0. 21 .2 1 MINING.............. ......................... 4 .5 3 4. 46 4.41 4 .2 8 .0 7 .2 5 189. 81 190.00 189. 19 182.76 - . 19 7.0 5 CONTRACT CONSTRUCTION------ 6 .2 9 6. 23 6. 22 5. 90 .0 6 .3 9 -2 2 1 .4 1 224. 28 237. 60 214.76 -2 . 87 6. 65 MANUFACTURING........................ 3. 95 3. 89 3. 86 3 .6 9 .0 6 .2 6 163.93 159. 49 157.49 150. 18 4. 44 13. 75 DURABLE G O O O S .............. 4.21 4. 14 4. 11 3.92 .0 7 .2 9 178. 50 173.05 170. 57 162.29 5.4 5 16. 21 4. 3. 3. 4. 4. 4. 4. 3. 4. 3. 3. 18 35 14 01 85 12 43 79 98 77 20 4. 13 3. 40 3. 12 4. 00 4. 79 4 .0 7 4 .3 7 3. 73 4. 87 3. 75 3. 16 4. 13 3.3 7 3. 12 4. 02 4. 74 4. 05 4. 35 3. 71 4. 81 3. 73 3. 13 3. 98 3. 19 2. 98 3. 74 4 .4 9 3. 86 4. 15 3. 58 4. 59 3. 61 3. 06 .0 5 -.0 5 .0 2 .0 1 .0 6 .0 5 .0 6 .0 6 . 11 .0 2 .0 4 .2 0 . 16 . 16 .2 7 .3 6 .2 6 .2 8 .21 .3 9 . 16 . 14 183.08 133. 67 127. 80 167. 62 213. 89 173. 86 192.71 155.01 222.11 154. 95 127. 04 175.11 138. 72 127. 61 167. 60 203.10 169.72 186. 60 153. 30 206. 98 153.38 125.45 175.11 139.52 127. 30 170. 85 197. 66 168.08 184.01 151.37 202.02 151.81 123.64 168. 75 7. 97 130.15 -5 .0 5 121. 88 . 19 155. 58 .0 2 184.09 10. 79 4. 14 159. 42 173. 89 6. 11 146. 06 1. 71 195.08 15. 13 1.57 147.29 120. 87 1.59 14. 33 3. 52 5. 92 12. 04 29. 80 14. 44 18. 82 8. 95 27 .03 7. 66 6. 17 3. 57 3. 54 3. 52 3. 37 . 03 .2 0 143.51 141. 60 140. 10 134. 13 1.91 9. 38 3. 3. 2. 2. 4. 4. 4. 5. 3. 2. 73 57 83 68 06 56 33 03 71 73 3. 66 3. 48 2. 78 2. 68 4. 03 4. 57 4 .2 9 5. 01 3 .6 9 2. 73 3. 63 3. 38 2. 76 2. 67 4. 02 4 .5 5 4. 28 5. 01 3. 69 2. 72 3. 52 3.2 9 2. 62 2. 54 3. 80 4. 36 4. 06 4. 64 3. 51 2. 65 . 07 .0 9 .0 5 0 . 03 -. 01 . 04 . 02 . 02 0 .21 .2 8 .21 . 14 .2 6 .2 0 .2 7 .3 9 . 20 . 08 152.56 121.02 118.58 97. 28 177. 42 175. 10 184. 03 215. 79 153.97 102. 38 148.23 121. 80 115. 93 97.55 174.50 175. 03 179. 75 211.92 153. 87 103. 74 146.65 124. 38 114.26 96. 65 173.26 172.90 179. 76 213. 93 152.77 102.00 142. 91 4. 33 118.77 -. 78 108. 73 2. 65 -. 27 91. 19 2.9 2 162.64 165. 68 . 07 170.11 4. 28 196. 27 3. 87 144. 61 . 10 102. 82 -1 . 36 9. 65 2. 25 9. 85 6 .0 9 14. 78 9. 42 13. 92 19. 52 9. 36 -. 44 TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S ................................. 4. 82 4. 81 4. 80 4. 40 . 01 .4 2 195. 21 193. 84 194. 88 178. 64 1. 37 16. 57 WHOLESALE AND RETA IL TRADE 3. 06 3. 07 3. 06 2. 91 -.0 1 . 15 108. 32 106.53 106. 79 103. 31 1. 79 5.01 WHOLESALE T R A D E ............ RETAIL T R A D E ............... 3. 99 2. 73 3. 95 2. 75 3. 93 2. 74 3. 78 2.61 .0 4 -.0 2 . 21 . 12 160.00 92. 82 157. 21 91. 30 156.41 91.24 151. 96 89. 00 2. 79 1.52 8. 04 3. 82 FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL E S T A T E .......................... 3.51 3.4 8 3. 48 3. 34 .0 3 . 17 130.22 129. 11 129. 80 123. 58 1. 11 6. 64 S E R V IC E S ................................... 3. 26 3.25 3. 24 3. 09 .01 . 17 111. 17 110.50 110.48 105.68 . 67 5 .4 9 TOTAL PRIVATE........................... Ordnance and accessories........... Lumber and wood products........... Furniture and fixtures................ Stone, clay, and glass products . Primary metal industries........... Fabricated metal products........... Machinery, except electrical . . . Electrical equipment................... Transportation equipment........... Instruments and related products Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . NONDURABLE G O O D S .................... Food and kindred products . . . . Tobacco manufactures................ Textile mill products................... Apparel and other textile products Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing.............. Chemicals and allied products. . Petroleum and coal products . . . Rubber and plastics products, nec Leather and leather products. . . *See footnote 1, table B~2. p * preliminary. $8. 20 8. 17 Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory w orkers in private nonfarm industries, seasonally adjusted Percent change over month and year Dec.p 1972 Nov.P 1972 Oct. 1972 Sept. 1972 Aug. 1972 July 1972 Dec. 1971 U 1.9 140.7 140.5 139.3 138.3 137.8 133.6 .9 NA 110.8 111.0 110.4 110.1 110.0 108.6 -1/ Mining.............................................................. L U .3 137.8 137.5 138.1 137.8 137.3 132.8 2.5 6.4 Contract construction.................................... 152.1 149.9 149.3 147.8 U 6 .8 145.6 142.2 1.5 7.0 Manufacturing................................................. 139.4 137.8 137.5 136.7 135.9 135.3 131.3 1.2 6.2 Transportation and public utilities................ 149.1 148.5 148.3 145.6 145.1 144.0 136.0 .4 9.6 Wholesale and retail tr a d e ............................. 138.3 137.2 137.2 136.3 135.6 135.3 131.7 .8 5.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............. 136.2 135.0 135.5 134.8 133.6 133.9 129.5 .9 5.2 Services............................................................ 142.0 141.1 140.9 . 139.9 138.0 138.0 134.6 .7 5.5 Industry Nov. Dec. 19721972 Dec. Dec. 19711972 Total private nonfarm: Current d olla rs........................................... Constant (1967) dollars ........................... ' 6.2 2/ 1/ Percent change was-0 .2 from October 1972 to November 1972, the la te st D.onth av aila ble, 2/ Percent change was 3.1 from November 1971 to November 1972, the la te st month available. NA Indicates data are not available. p>Preliminary. TOTE: A ll series are in current d ollars except where indicated. The index excludes e ffe c t s o f two types o f changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime premiums in manufacturing (the only sector fo r which overtime data are available) and the e ffe c t s o f changes in the proportion o f workers in high-wage and low-wage industries. The seasonal adjustment eliminates the e ff e c t o f changes that normally occur at the same time and in about the same magnitude each year. LABOR FORCE. EMPLOYMENT > UNEMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD DATA - SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 1. LABOR FORCE AND EMPLOYMENT THOUSANOS ____ .... ____ 2. TOTAL EMPLOYMENT civilian labor force TOTAL EMPLOYMENT nonagricultural employment 1963 1964 196S 1966 196*7 1966 1969 19*70 19*71 19*76 THOUSANOS THOUSANOS ALL CIVILIAN WORKERS FULL-TIME WORKERS HARRIED MEN AOULT MEN AOULT WOMEN TEENAGERS 1963 1964 196S 1966 196*7 1966 1969 19*70 19*71 1972 4. UNEMPLOYMENT 3. UNEMPLOYMENT ____ .... ____ ____ .... ____ THOUSANOS AOULT MEN AOULT WOMEN TEENAGERS 2250 21900 1750 1500 1250 1000 750 1963 1964 1965 1966 196*7 1968 1969 19*70 19*71 1972 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 500 UNEMPLOYMENT RATES HOUSEHOLD DATA - SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 6. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES 5. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES TEENAGERS AOULT WOMEN ADULT MEN ALL CIVILIAN WORKERS STATE INSURED « MARRIED MEN PERCENT 7 .0 6. 0 5 .0 4 .0 3 .0 2.0 1 .0 1963 7. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES 1964 1965 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 197 1 1967 I96 0 1969 1970 197 1 1972 8. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES PART-TIME WORKERS FULL-TIME WORKERS NEGRO ANO OTHER RACES WHITE 1963 1966 1972 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 I960 1969 1970 1 97 1 1972 • State insured unemployment rate pertains to the week including the 12th of the month and represents the insured unemployed under State programs as a percent of average covered employment. The figures are derived from administrative records of unemployment insurance systems. UNEMPLOYMENT HOUSEHOLD DATA - SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 9. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES PERCENT 1963 ____ ____ .... 1964 196S BLUE COLLAR WORKERS SERVICE WORKERS WHITE COLLAR WORKERS 1966 196*7 1960 1969 1970 1 97 1 10. UNEMPLOYMENT RATES ____ ... PERCENT 1972 11. AVERAGE DURATION OF UNEMPLOYMENT 1963 1964 1965 CONSTRUCTION MANUFACTURING 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1 97 1 1972 12. UNEMPLOYMENT BY REASON ____ .... .... ____ JOB LOSERS REENTRANTS NEW ENTRANTS JOB LEAVERS 3000 2500 2000 1S00 1000 500 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 0 NONflGRI CULTURAL EMPLOYMENT AND HOURS ESTABLISHMENT DATA - SEASONALLY ADJUSTED 13. EMPLOYMENT THOUSANDS ____ .... .... ____ 14. MAN-HOURS ___ ___ TOTAL NONAGRI CULTURAL SERVICE-PRODUCING GOODS-PROOUCING MANUFACTURING ____ TOTAL PRFVRTE NONAGRICULTURAL PRIVATE SERVICE-PRODUCING GOOOS-PROOUCING MANUFACTURING 2000 17 5 0 1500 1250 1000 750 500 250 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1966 1969 1970 1 97 1 1963 1972 15. AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS HOURS 16 MANUFACTURING TOTAL PRIVATE 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 AVERAGE WEEKLY OVERTIME HOURS IN MANUFACTURING 42.0 41 . 0 40.0 39.0 38.0 37.0 36.0 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1966 1969 1970 1971 1972 N O TE : Charts 14 and 15 relate to production or nonsupervisory workers; chart 16 relates to production workers. Data for the 2 most recent months are preliminary in charts 13*16. VETERANS AND NONVETERANS, 20-29 YEARS HOUSEHOLD DATA - SEASONALLY ADJUSTEO 18. EMPLOYED 17. CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE VIETNAM ERR VETERANS NONVETERRNS VIETNAM ERR VETERANS NONVETERRNS 10000 10000 7500 7500 5000 5000 2500 2500 0 1969 1970 1 97 1 1972 19. UNEMPLOYED THOUSRNOS ____ .... 0 196 9 1970 1 97 1 1972 20. UNEMPLOYMENT RATE VIETNAM ERR VETERANS NONVETERRNS VIETNAM ERR VETERANS NONVETERRNS 800 12.5 700 600 10.0 500 400 7.5 300 200 5.0 100 1969 1970 1971 1972 0 1969 1970 1971 1972 2 .5
@FedFRASER