Full text of The Employment Situation : August 2022

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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, September 2, 2022

USDL-22-1761

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — AUGUST 2022
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 315,000 in August, and the unemployment rate rose
to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains occurred in
professional and business services, health care, and retail trade.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
August 2019 – August 2022

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
August 2019 – August 2022

Percent

Thousands

16.0

160,000

14.0

155,000

12.0

150,000

10.0

145,000

8.0

140,000

6.0

135,000

4.0

130,000

2.0

Aug-19

Feb-20

Aug-20

Feb-21

Aug-21

Feb-22

Aug-22

125,000

Aug-19

Feb-20

Aug-20

Feb-21

Aug-21

Feb-22

Aug-22

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
In August, the unemployment rate rose by 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 percent, and the number of
unemployed persons increased by 344,000 to 6.0 million. In July, these measures had returned to their
levels in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent) and Hispanics
(4.5 percent) rose in August. The jobless rates for adult women (3.3 percent), teenagers (10.4 percent),

Whites (3.2 percent), Blacks (6.4 percent), and Asians (2.8 percent) showed little change over the
month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers increased by 188,000 to 1.4 million in
August. The number of persons on temporary layoff was virtually unchanged at 782,000. (See table A11.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.1
million in August. The long-term unemployed accounted for 18.8 percent of all unemployed persons.
(See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate increased by 0.3 percentage point over the month to 62.4 percent but
is 1.0 percentage point below its February 2020 level. The employment-population ratio was little
changed at 60.1 percent in August and remains 1.1 percentage points below its February 2020 value.
(See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 4.1 million in
August. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time
because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job declined by 361,000 to 5.5
million in August. This measure remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals
were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks
preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to
the labor force, at 1.4 million, was little changed in August. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached
who believed that no jobs were available for them, numbered 366,000 in August, little changed from the
prior month. (See Summary table A.)
Household Survey Supplemental Data
In August, 6.5 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic, down
from 7.1 percent in the prior month. These data refer to employed persons who teleworked or worked at
home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey specifically because of the pandemic.
In August, 1.9 million persons reported that they had been unable to work because their employer
closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at
some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 2.2
million in the previous month. Among those who reported in August that they were unable to work
because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 21.5 percent received at least some pay from
their employer for the hours not worked, little different from the previous month.
Among those not in the labor force in August, 523,000 persons were prevented from looking for work
due to the pandemic, little changed from the prior month. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition,
individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)

-2-

These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey in May 2020 to help gauge
the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not seasonally adjusted. Tables with
estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available online at
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. (For more information about
upcoming changes to these supplemental data, see the box note on page 4.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 315,000 in August. Nonfarm employment has risen
by 5.8 million over the past 12 months, as the labor market continued to recover from the job losses of
the pandemic-induced recession. This growth brings total nonfarm employment 240,000 higher than its
pre-pandemic level in February 2020. In August, notable job gains occurred in professional and business
services, health care, and retail trade. (See table B-1.)
Professional and business services added 68,000 jobs in August. Within the industry, employment
gains occurred in computer systems design and related services (+14,000), management and technical
consulting services (+13,000), architectural and engineering services (+10,000), and scientific research
and development services (+6,000), while legal services lost jobs (-9,000). Over the past 12 months,
professional and business services has added 1.1 million jobs.
In August, health care employment rose by 48,000, with job gains in offices of physicians (+15,000),
hospitals (+15,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+12,000). Health care has added 412,000
jobs over the year. Despite this growth, employment in health care is below its February 2020 level by
37,000, or 0.2 percent.
Retail trade added 44,000 jobs in August and 422,000 jobs over the past 12 months. In August,
employment increased in general merchandise stores (+15,000), food and beverage stores (+15,000),
health and personal care stores (+10,000), and building material and garden supply stores (+7,000).
Employment in furniture and home furnishings stores continued to trend down (-3,000).
Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in August (+22,000), with gains concentrated in
durable goods industries (+19,000). Manufacturing has added 461,000 jobs over the year.
Employment in financial activities rose by 17,000 in August and by 200,000 over the year.
Employment in wholesale trade increased by 15,000 in August, returning to its February 2020 level.
This industry has added 197,000 jobs over the year.
Mining employment rose by 6,000 in August, reflecting a gain in support activities for mining (+7,000).
Over the year, mining has added 68,000 jobs.
Employment in leisure and hospitality changed little in August (+31,000), following average monthly
gains of 90,000 in the first 7 months of the year. Employment in leisure and hospitality is below its
February 2020 level by 1.2 million, or 7.2 percent.
In August, employment showed little change in other major industries, including construction,
transportation and warehousing, information, other services, and government.

-3-

In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10 cents, or
0.3 percent, to $32.36. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.2 percent.
In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose
by 10 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $27.68. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.1 hour to 34.5
hours in August. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was little changed at 40.3
hours, and overtime held at 3.3 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.1 hour to 33.9 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 105,000, from +398,000
to +293,000, and the change for July was revised down by 2,000, from +528,000 to +526,000. With
these revisions, employment in June and July combined is 107,000 lower than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 7, 2022,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data
The supplemental questions that BLS added to the household survey in May 2020 to examine the effects
of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market will be asked for the last time in
September 2022. These questions ask whether people teleworked or worked from home because of the
pandemic; whether people were unable to work because their employers closed or lost business due to
the pandemic; whether they were paid for that missed work; and whether the pandemic prevented jobseeking activities. These questions have become less relevant than they were earlier in the pandemic.
The September 2022 Employment Situation news release published on October 7, 2022, will be the last
news release to contain data from these questions.
To improve the relevancy of the supplemental pandemic-related questions, four new questions that focus
on telework will be asked starting in October 2022. These new questions will ask whether people
teleworked or worked from home during the survey reference week; how many hours they teleworked;
whether they teleworked prior to the pandemic; and whether they teleworked more, less, or about the
same as before the pandemic.
Because data from the new questions will take time to process and review, the Household Survey
Supplemental Data section of the Employment Situation news release will be temporarily discontinued
with the release of October data on November 4, 2022. More information about the new questions,
including future announcements about the availability of data from these questions, will be available at
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm .

-4-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022

Change from:
July 2022Aug. 2022

Aug.
2022

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,611
161,505
61.7
153,167
58.5
8,339
5.2
100,106

263,835
164,023
62.2
158,111
59.9
5,912
3.6
99,812

264,012
163,960
62.1
158,290
60.0
5,670
3.5
100,051

264,184
164,746
62.4
158,732
60.1
6,014
3.7
99,438

172
786
0.3
442
0.1
344
0.2
-613

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

5.2
5.1
4.8
11.3
4.5
8.7
4.5
6.2

3.6
3.3
3.3
11.0
3.3
5.8
3.0
4.3

3.5
3.2
3.1
11.5
3.1
6.0
2.6
3.9

3.7
3.5
3.3
10.4
3.2
6.4
2.8
4.5

0.2
0.3
0.2
-1.1
0.1
0.4
0.2
0.6

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

4.5
7.8
5.9
4.9
2.7

3.0
5.8
3.6
3.1
2.1

2.8
5.9
3.6
2.8
2.0

3.0
6.2
4.2
2.9
1.9

0.2
0.3
0.6
0.1
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

4,441
830
2,446
514

2,645
832
1,990
464

2,547
842
1,826
460

2,720
898
1,836
440

173
56
10
-20

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,110
1,927
1,248
3,105

2,262
1,552
753
1,336

2,080
1,772
718
1,067

2,223
1,807
885
1,137

143
35
167
70

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,481
3,187
1,017
20,330

3,621
2,366
914
20,602

3,924
2,697
910
21,103

4,149
2,769
979
21,044

225
72
69
-59

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,576
389

1,504
364

1,545
424

1,434
366

-111
-58

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2021

June
2022

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

517
497
48
5
2
41
30
14.8
11
449
5.4
36.6
31.9
-1.8
25
9
83
5.7
29
13.9
202
29
20

293
346
43
8
10
25
10
1.7
15
303
10.0
22.3
15.9
0.2
26
5
90
6.5
94
82.0
43
-4
-53

526
477
66
6
24
36
29
3.6
7
411
15.1
29.1
24.6
1.0
16
13
84
8.5
118
93.7
95
16
49

315
308
45
7
16
22
19
-1.9
3
263
15.1
44.0
4.8
0.6
7
17
68
11.6
68
61.5
31
7
7

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

588
548

349
348

402
385

378
377

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.8
48.4
81.5

34.7
$30.76
$1,067.37
108.7
0.1
159.9
0.4

67.6
55.4

49.8
48.4
81.5

34.5
$32.11
$1,107.80
112.4
0.0
172.5
0.4

71.1
62.8

July
2022p

49.9
48.5
81.5

34.6
$32.26
$1,116.20
113.1
0.6
174.4
1.1

69.7
62.2

Aug.
2022p

49.8
48.4
81.5

34.5
$32.36
$1,116.42
113.0
-0.1
174.9
0.3

62.1
57.4

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 670,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,611
161,788
61.8
153,232
58.6
8,556
5.3
99,823
5,810

264,012
165,321
62.6
159,067
60.2
6,255
3.8
98,690
6,224

264,184
164,971
62.4
158,714
60.1
6,256
3.8
99,213
5,633

261,611
161,505
61.7
153,167
58.5
8,339
5.2
100,106
5,701

263,559
164,046
62.2
158,105
60.0
5,941
3.6
99,513
5,859

263,679
164,376
62.3
158,426
60.1
5,950
3.6
99,302
5,681

263,835
164,023
62.2
158,111
59.9
5,912
3.6
99,812
5,656

264,012
163,960
62.1
158,290
60.0
5,670
3.5
100,051
5,910

264,184
164,746
62.4
158,732
60.1
6,014
3.7
99,438
5,549

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,570
86,074
68.0
81,670
64.5
4,404
5.1
40,496

128,636
88,052
68.5
84,953
66.0
3,098
3.5
40,584

128,722
87,649
68.1
84,504
65.6
3,145
3.6
41,072

126,570
85,656
67.7
81,102
64.1
4,554
5.3
40,914

128,411
87,377
68.0
84,089
65.5
3,288
3.8
41,034

128,470
87,366
68.0
84,218
65.6
3,148
3.6
41,104

128,547
87,213
67.8
84,061
65.4
3,152
3.6
41,334

128,636
86,936
67.6
83,891
65.2
3,046
3.5
41,700

128,722
87,335
67.8
84,045
65.3
3,290
3.8
41,387

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118,261
82,817
70.0
78,783
66.6
4,034
4.9
35,444

119,977
84,270
70.2
81,610
68.0
2,660
3.2
35,707

120,058
84,180
70.1
81,401
67.8
2,780
3.3
35,878

118,261
82,672
69.9
78,480
66.4
4,192
5.1
35,590

119,780
84,295
70.4
81,334
67.9
2,961
3.5
35,486

119,831
84,249
70.3
81,422
67.9
2,827
3.4
35,582

119,899
84,040
70.1
81,242
67.8
2,797
3.3
35,859

119,977
83,857
69.9
81,164
67.7
2,692
3.2
36,120

120,058
84,158
70.1
81,225
67.7
2,934
3.5
35,900

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

135,041
75,714
56.1
71,562
53.0
4,152
5.5
59,327

135,376
77,270
57.1
74,114
54.7
3,156
4.1
58,106

135,462
77,321
57.1
74,210
54.8
3,111
4.0
58,141

135,041
75,849
56.2
72,065
53.4
3,784
5.0
59,191

135,148
76,670
56.7
74,017
54.8
2,653
3.5
58,479

135,209
77,010
57.0
74,208
54.9
2,802
3.6
58,199

135,287
76,809
56.8
74,050
54.7
2,760
3.6
58,478

135,376
77,024
56.9
74,399
55.0
2,625
3.4
58,351

135,462
77,410
57.1
74,687
55.1
2,724
3.5
58,052

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,906
72,571
57.2
68,746
54.2
3,825
5.3
54,335

126,951
73,607
58.0
70,900
55.8
2,708
3.7
53,344

127,034
73,850
58.1
71,067
55.9
2,783
3.8
53,185

126,906
72,862
57.4
69,390
54.7
3,472
4.8
54,044

126,749
73,514
58.0
71,170
56.2
2,344
3.2
53,234

126,802
73,911
58.3
71,432
56.3
2,479
3.4
52,891

126,872
73,741
58.1
71,311
56.2
2,430
3.3
53,131

126,951
73,988
58.3
71,710
56.5
2,278
3.1
52,963

127,034
74,140
58.4
71,729
56.5
2,411
3.3
52,895

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,443
6,400
38.9
5,702
34.7
697
10.9
10,044

17,084
7,444
43.6
6,557
38.4
887
11.9
9,640

17,091
6,940
40.6
6,247
36.5
694
10.0
10,151

16,443
5,971
36.3
5,297
32.2
675
11.3
10,472

17,030
6,237
36.6
5,601
32.9
636
10.2
10,793

17,046
6,216
36.5
5,571
32.7
645
10.4
10,830

17,064
6,242
36.6
5,558
32.6
685
11.0
10,822

17,084
6,116
35.8
5,415
31.7
700
11.5
10,968

17,091
6,447
37.7
5,778
33.8
669
10.4
10,644

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

201,968
124,329
61.6
118,601
58.7
5,728
4.6
77,639

203,229
126,611
62.3
122,376
60.2
4,235
3.3
76,618

203,324
126,264
62.1
122,115
60.1
4,148
3.3
77,061

201,968
124,207
61.5
118,557
58.7
5,650
4.5
77,760

202,982
125,664
61.9
121,606
59.9
4,058
3.2
77,319

203,039
125,772
61.9
121,724
60.0
4,048
3.2
77,267

203,125
125,706
61.9
121,587
59.9
4,119
3.3
77,419

203,229
125,705
61.9
121,822
59.9
3,884
3.1
77,524

203,324
126,172
62.1
122,129
60.1
4,043
3.2
77,152

64,844
70.0
62,142
67.1
2,702
4.2

65,662
70.0
63,763
68.0
1,899
2.9

65,545
69.9
63,660
67.9
1,885
2.9

64,814
69.9
61,944
66.9
2,870
4.4

65,540
70.0
63,521
67.8
2,020
3.1

65,653
70.1
63,620
67.9
2,033
3.1

65,556
70.0
63,529
67.8
2,027
3.1

65,430
69.8
63,464
67.7
1,966
3.0

65,600
69.9
63,553
67.7
2,048
3.1

54,494
56.0
51,930
53.4
2,564
4.7

55,243
57.0
53,489
55.2
1,754
3.2

55,399
57.1
53,608
55.3
1,791
3.2

54,764
56.3
52,432
53.9
2,332
4.3

55,215
57.0
53,656
55.4
1,559
2.8

55,315
57.1
53,731
55.5
1,583
2.9

55,318
57.1
53,727
55.4
1,591
2.9

55,565
57.3
54,123
55.8
1,442
2.6

55,661
57.4
54,125
55.8
1,535
2.8

4,991
41.4
4,530
37.6
462
9.2

5,706
45.7
5,124
41.0
582
10.2

5,320
42.6
4,848
38.8
472
8.9

4,629
38.4
4,181
34.7
448
9.7

4,909
39.4
4,429
35.5
480
9.8

4,804
38.5
4,373
35.1
431
9.0

4,832
38.7
4,331
34.7
501
10.4

4,711
37.7
4,235
33.9
476
10.1

4,911
39.3
4,451
35.6
460
9.4

33,645
20,823
61.9
18,934
56.3
1,889
9.1
12,822

34,138
21,418
62.7
20,027
58.7
1,391
6.5
12,720

34,171
21,259
62.2
19,824
58.0
1,436
6.8
12,912

33,645
20,681
61.5
18,879
56.1
1,803
8.7
12,964

34,055
21,209
62.3
19,963
58.6
1,246
5.9
12,846

34,079
21,475
63.0
20,141
59.1
1,335
6.2
12,604

34,107
21,213
62.2
19,975
58.6
1,238
5.8
12,895

34,138
21,174
62.0
19,907
58.3
1,268
6.0
12,964

34,171
21,123
61.8
19,776
57.9
1,347
6.4
13,048

9,544
67.1
8,700
61.2
844
8.8

9,853
67.9
9,297
64.1
556
5.6

9,777
67.3
9,199
63.3
578
5.9

9,471
66.6
8,616
60.6
855
9.0

9,969
68.9
9,360
64.7
608
6.1

9,983
68.9
9,416
65.0
566
5.7

9,866
68.1
9,342
64.4
524
5.3

9,764
67.3
9,212
63.5
552
5.7

9,707
66.8
9,125
62.8
582
6.0

10,495
61.6
9,589
56.3
906
8.6

10,664
62.2
10,032
58.5
632
5.9

10,654
62.1
9,947
58.0
707
6.6

10,472
61.5
9,653
56.7
819
7.8

10,555
61.7
10,022
58.6
533
5.0

10,731
62.7
10,102
59.0
629
5.9

10,628
62.0
10,030
58.6
598
5.6

10,688
62.3
10,119
59.0
569
5.3

10,643
62.0
10,018
58.4
625
5.9

784
32.9
646
27.1
138
17.6

901
36.3
698
28.1
203
22.6

829
33.3
678
27.3
151
18.2

738
30.9
609
25.5
129
17.4

686
27.7
581
23.5
104
15.2

762
30.8
622
25.1
140
18.3

719
29.0
603
24.3
116
16.1

722
29.1
576
23.2
146
20.3

773
31.1
634
25.5
140
18.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aug.
2021
16,555
10,672
64.5
10,181
61.5
492
4.6
5,883

July
2022
16,920
11,050
65.3
10,731
63.4
319
2.9
5,870

Aug.
2022
16,989
11,166
65.7
10,841
63.8
326
2.9
5,823

Aug.
2021
16,555
10,610
64.1
10,135
61.2
476
4.5
5,945

Apr.
2022
16,826
10,837
64.4
10,504
62.4
333
3.1
5,989

May
2022
16,815
10,912
64.9
10,651
63.3
261
2.4
5,903

June
2022
16,910
10,894
64.4
10,565
62.5
330
3.0
6,016

July
2022
16,920
10,980
64.9
10,693
63.2
287
2.6
5,940

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Aug.
2022
16,989
11,096
65.3
10,790
63.5
307
2.8
5,893

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

45,004
29,449
65.4
27,635
61.4
1,814
6.2
15,555

46,200
30,455
65.9
29,191
63.2
1,265
4.2
15,745

46,287
30,920
66.8
29,498
63.7
1,422
4.6
15,367

45,004
29,481
65.5
27,666
61.5
1,815
6.2
15,523

45,963
30,376
66.1
29,121
63.4
1,255
4.1
15,587

46,039
30,610
66.5
29,279
63.6
1,331
4.3
15,429

46,119
30,670
66.5
29,364
63.7
1,306
4.3
15,449

46,200
30,363
65.7
29,170
63.1
1,193
3.9
15,837

46,287
30,918
66.8
29,539
63.8
1,379
4.5
15,369

16,239
79.8
15,374
75.6
865
5.3

16,450
78.6
15,911
76.0
540
3.3

16,651
79.4
15,998
76.3
653
3.9

16,230
79.8
15,327
75.4
904
5.6

16,604
79.7
15,989
76.8
615
3.7

16,717
80.1
16,152
77.4
566
3.4

16,743
80.1
16,170
77.4
573
3.4

16,452
78.6
15,870
75.8
581
3.5

16,625
79.3
15,976
76.2
649
3.9

11,902
57.7
11,160
54.1
742
6.2

12,433
59.2
11,992
57.1
441
3.5

12,746
60.6
12,177
57.9
569
4.5

11,977
58.1
11,255
54.6
722
6.0

12,331
59.0
11,857
56.8
474
3.8

12,466
59.6
11,876
56.8
591
4.7

12,486
59.6
11,926
56.9
560
4.5

12,515
59.6
12,113
57.7
402
3.2

12,812
60.9
12,264
58.3
547
4.3

1,308
32.3
1,101
27.2
207
15.8

1,572
36.8
1,288
30.1
284
18.1

1,524
35.6
1,323
30.9
201
13.2

1,273
31.4
1,084
26.7
190
14.9

1,441
34.0
1,275
30.1
165
11.5

1,427
33.5
1,252
29.4
175
12.2

1,441
33.8
1,268
29.7
173
12.0

1,397
32.7
1,187
27.8
210
15.0

1,482
34.6
1,299
30.3
183
12.3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,188
45.9
8,542
42.7
646
7.0

8,739
45.3
8,248
42.7
491
5.6

8,623
45.2
8,153
42.8
469
5.4

9,185
45.9
8,469
42.3
716
7.8

9,207
44.4
8,713
42.0
494
5.4

9,194
44.0
8,719
41.8
475
5.2

9,210
44.7
8,680
42.2
530
5.8

8,924
46.2
8,398
43.5
526
5.9

8,646
45.4
8,110
42.5
536
6.2

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,571
55.7
33,473
52.4
2,098
5.9

35,154
55.8
33,890
53.8
1,264
3.6

35,903
56.6
34,354
54.1
1,549
4.3

35,409
55.4
33,337
52.2
2,072
5.9

36,464
56.8
35,064
54.6
1,401
3.8

36,118
56.8
34,760
54.7
1,358
3.8

35,985
56.8
34,679
54.8
1,305
3.6

35,386
56.1
34,113
54.1
1,273
3.6

35,798
56.4
34,284
54.0
1,514
4.2

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,502
63.0
33,611
59.7
1,890
5.3

35,489
62.4
34,416
60.5
1,072
3.0

35,262
62.4
34,147
60.5
1,115
3.2

35,757
63.5
34,000
60.4
1,757
4.9

35,540
63.4
34,445
61.4
1,095
3.1

35,787
63.5
34,565
61.3
1,222
3.4

35,707
62.6
34,585
60.6
1,122
3.1

35,575
62.6
34,563
60.8
1,012
2.8

35,586
63.0
34,538
61.2
1,048
2.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60,321
71.7
58,441
69.5
1,880
3.1

62,997
72.5
61,521
70.8
1,476
2.3

63,343
72.6
61,949
71.0
1,394
2.2

60,736
72.2
59,074
70.2
1,662
2.7

61,705
72.9
60,459
71.5
1,247
2.0

62,295
73.3
61,078
71.9
1,217
2.0

62,098
73.1
60,800
71.6
1,297
2.1

63,380
73.0
62,094
71.5
1,286
2.0

63,701
73.1
62,519
71.7
1,182
1.9

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Aug.
2021

Men
Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Women
Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,037
8,443
46.8
8,141
45.1
303
3.6
9,594

18,336
8,745
47.7
8,538
46.6
207
2.4
9,591

16,119
7,335
45.5
7,068
43.8
267
3.6
8,784

16,306
7,530
46.2
7,355
45.1
175
2.3
8,776

1,918
1,108
57.8
1,073
55.9
35
3.2
810

2,030
1,214
59.8
1,182
58.2
32
2.6
816

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,625
3,579
77.4
3,466
75.0
112
3.1
1,046

4,921
3,863
78.5
3,791
77.0
72
1.9
1,058

3,833
3,005
78.4
2,905
75.8
100
3.3
828

4,045
3,210
79.4
3,151
77.9
59
1.8
835

792
574
72.5
562
71.0
12
2.1
218

875
652
74.5
639
73.0
13
2.0
223

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,086
2,228
72.2
2,154
69.8
74
3.3
859

3,236
2,295
70.9
2,248
69.5
47
2.0
941

2,579
1,913
74.2
1,850
71.7
63
3.3
666

2,738
1,973
72.1
1,933
70.6
40
2.0
765

507
314
62.0
304
59.9
10
3.3
193

499
322
64.5
315
63.2
7
2.0
177

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,391
1,017
15.9
975
15.3
43
4.2
5,374

6,202
901
14.5
857
13.8
44
4.9
5,301

6,166
964
15.6
926
15.0
38
3.9
5,202

5,955
843
14.2
799
13.4
44
5.3
5,112

225
54
23.9
49
21.6
5
–
171

247
58
23.5
58
23.5
0
–
189

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,935
1,620
41.2
1,546
39.3
74
4.6
2,315

3,977
1,686
42.4
1,642
41.3
44
2.6
2,291

3,541
1,454
41.1
1,388
39.2
66
4.5
2,087

3,568
1,504
42.2
1,472
41.3
32
2.1
2,064

394
166
42.1
158
40.1
8
4.7
228

409
182
44.5
170
41.5
12
6.8
227

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

234,885
150,808
64.2
142,825
60.8
7,983
5.3
84,077

236,620
153,429
64.8
147,631
62.4
5,799
3.8
83,190

106,117
77,539
73.1
73,517
69.3
4,023
5.2
28,578

107,727
78,796
73.1
75,961
70.5
2,835
3.6
28,931

128,768
73,269
56.9
69,308
53.8
3,961
5.4
55,499

128,893
74,634
57.9
71,670
55.6
2,963
4.0
54,260

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

Persons with no disability
Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

31,258
6,738
21.6
6,004
19.2
734
10.9
24,520

32,316
7,283
22.5
6,721
20.8
562
7.7
25,033

230,353
155,050
67.3
147,228
63.9
7,823
5.0
75,303

231,868
157,687
68.0
151,993
65.6
5,694
3.6
74,180

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,938
38.3
2,587
33.7
351
12.0
4,738

2,962
37.5
2,725
34.5
237
8.0
4,944

77,166
82.5
73,364
78.5
3,802
4.9
16,326

78,559
82.8
75,850
80.0
2,708
3.4
16,293

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,633
33.0
2,345
29.4
289
11.0
5,347

3,101
37.8
2,858
34.8
243
7.8
5,107

68,393
71.2
64,775
67.5
3,617
5.3
27,631

69,489
72.2
66,773
69.4
2,716
3.9
26,744

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,166
7.5
1,073
6.9
94
8.0
14,435

1,220
7.5
1,138
7.0
82
6.7
14,982

9,491
23.2
9,088
22.3
403
4.2
31,345

9,640
23.6
9,370
23.0
269
2.8
31,143

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Aug.
2021

Men
Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Women
Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

42,890
27,916
65.1
26,453
61.7
1,464
5.2
14,973

44,860
29,817
66.5
28,654
63.9
1,163
3.9
15,043

20,760
16,072
77.4
15,285
73.6
787
4.9
4,688

21,778
17,034
78.2
16,438
75.5
596
3.5
4,744

22,129
11,845
53.5
11,168
50.5
677
5.7
10,285

23,082
12,783
55.4
12,216
52.9
567
4.4
10,299

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

218,721
133,872
61.2
126,779
58.0
7,092
5.3
84,850

219,324
135,153
61.6
130,060
59.3
5,093
3.8
84,170

105,810
70,002
66.2
66,385
62.7
3,617
5.2
35,808

106,944
70,616
66.0
68,066
63.6
2,549
3.6
36,328

112,912
63,870
56.6
60,394
53.5
3,475
5.4
49,042

112,380
64,538
57.4
61,994
55.2
2,544
3.9
47,842

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

2,385
1,606
744
34
150,847
141,181
20,277
120,904
733
120,171
9,607
60

2,562
1,724
785
53
156,505
147,354
20,462
126,892
729
126,163
9,108
43

2,207
1,503
671
32
156,507
147,362
20,744
126,618
777
125,840
9,081
64

2,307
1,575
712
–
151,146
141,225
20,762
120,347
–
119,652
9,496
–

2,349
1,505
800
–
155,729
146,638
20,948
125,371
–
124,658
9,086
–

2,355
1,553
776
–
156,183
146,455
20,885
125,619
–
124,955
9,291
–

2,308
1,520
747
–
156,114
146,346
20,601
125,767
–
125,210
9,255
–

2,429
1,621
752
–
156,002
146,627
21,272
125,421
–
124,799
8,971
–

2,178
1,491
645
–
156,931
147,397
21,220
126,111
–
125,441
8,985
–

4,385
3,087
958
18,871

4,084
2,726
938
19,792

4,060
2,673
932
19,618

4,481
3,187
1,017
20,330

4,033
2,647
1,071
20,826

4,328
2,996
999
20,806

3,621
2,366
914
20,602

3,924
2,697
910
21,103

4,149
2,769
979
21,044

4,309
3,029
943
18,557

4,067
2,715
933
19,367

3,996
2,630
914
19,333

4,395
3,131
1,006
19,986

3,996
2,617
1,064
20,435

4,235
2,927
988
20,438

3,694
2,345
912
20,180

3,888
2,676
909
20,675

4,075
2,727
966
20,710

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

153,232
5,702
2,266
3,436
147,530
13,462
134,068
97,881
34,575
32,828
30,479
36,186

159,067
6,557
2,557
4,000
152,510
14,435
138,075
101,049
35,190
34,422
31,436
37,027

158,714
6,247
2,546
3,701
152,468
13,864
138,604
101,645
35,362
34,592
31,691
36,959

153,167
5,297
2,006
3,248
147,870
13,265
134,693
98,298
34,753
32,919
30,626
36,395

158,105
5,601
2,316
3,307
152,504
13,673
138,737
101,605
35,472
34,612
31,522
37,132

158,426
5,571
2,194
3,396
152,855
13,768
139,047
101,734
35,569
34,675
31,490
37,313

158,111
5,558
2,114
3,443
152,554
13,852
138,603
101,495
35,437
34,508
31,550
37,108

158,290
5,415
2,076
3,343
152,875
13,902
138,969
101,686
35,436
34,616
31,634
37,283

158,732
5,778
2,255
3,485
152,953
13,670
139,259
102,053
35,555
34,694
31,804
37,206

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

81,670
2,887
1,085
1,802
78,783
6,982
71,801
52,406
18,523
17,741
16,142
19,395

84,953
3,343
1,241
2,102
81,610
7,390
74,221
54,256
18,715
18,685
16,855
19,965

84,504
3,103
1,188
1,915
81,401
7,096
74,305
54,246
18,731
18,700
16,816
20,059

81,102
2,622
940
1,653
78,480
6,793
71,699
52,342
18,539
17,693
16,110
19,357

84,089
2,754
1,097
1,662
81,334
6,958
74,340
54,259
18,851
18,605
16,803
20,081

84,218
2,795
1,054
1,748
81,422
7,009
74,406
54,258
18,830
18,628
16,800
20,147

84,061
2,819
1,046
1,769
81,242
7,081
74,052
54,161
18,842
18,492
16,828
19,890

83,891
2,726
988
1,742
81,164
7,022
74,151
54,190
18,740
18,631
16,819
19,961

84,045
2,820
1,036
1,761
81,225
6,900
74,233
54,193
18,767
18,651
16,776
20,040

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

71,562
2,816
1,181
1,635
68,746
6,480
62,266
45,476
16,052
15,087
14,337
16,791

74,114
3,214
1,316
1,897
70,900
7,046
63,854
46,793
16,475
15,737
14,581
17,061

74,210
3,143
1,358
1,786
71,067
6,768
64,299
47,399
16,631
15,892
14,876
16,900

72,065
2,675
1,066
1,595
69,390
6,472
62,993
45,956
16,215
15,225
14,516
17,038

74,017
2,847
1,219
1,645
71,170
6,715
64,397
47,346
16,621
16,007
14,718
17,051

74,208
2,776
1,140
1,648
71,432
6,759
64,641
47,475
16,739
16,047
14,690
17,165

74,050
2,739
1,067
1,674
71,311
6,771
64,551
47,334
16,595
16,016
14,722
17,218

74,399
2,689
1,088
1,601
71,710
6,880
64,818
47,496
16,696
15,986
14,814
17,322

74,687
2,958
1,219
1,724
71,729
6,770
65,026
47,860
16,789
16,044
15,028
17,165

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43,637
34,485
9,642

45,240
36,203
9,852

45,365
36,249
9,918

43,681
35,068
–

45,259
35,999
–

45,306
36,356
–

45,222
36,526
–

45,449
36,954
–

45,422
36,828
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128,664
24,568

133,844
25,223

133,630
25,085

127,340
25,739

132,067
26,091

132,800
25,766

132,648
25,440

132,577
25,824

132,335
26,237

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,783
4.4

7,572
4.8

7,485
4.7

7,035
4.6

7,539
4.8

7,302
4.6

7,541
4.8

7,633
4.8

7,747
4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,091
10,351

6,643
9,893

6,672
9,752

–
10,207

–
9,886

–
10,067

–
10,002

–
9,723

–
9,629

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,339
675
259
409
7,664
1,341
6,317
4,828
2,038
1,500
1,291
1,481

5,670
700
237
459
4,970
943
4,021
3,041
1,279
976
786
948

6,014
669
243
426
5,345
1,021
4,301
3,280
1,377
1,036
867
1,015

5.2
11.3
11.4
11.2
4.9
9.2
4.5
4.7
5.5
4.4
4.0
3.9

3.6
10.2
8.8
11.8
3.4
6.9
3.0
3.0
4.0
2.9
2.2
2.7

3.6
10.4
10.2
10.4
3.4
6.7
3.0
3.1
3.9
2.9
2.3
2.7

3.6
11.0
11.2
10.2
3.3
6.8
3.0
3.0
3.4
3.2
2.4
2.7

3.5
11.5
10.3
12.1
3.1
6.4
2.8
2.9
3.5
2.7
2.4
2.5

3.7
10.4
9.7
10.9
3.4
6.9
3.0
3.1
3.7
2.9
2.7
2.7

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,554
363
114
246
4,192
709
3,480
2,673
1,139
831
703
807

3,046
353
94
256
2,692
551
2,130
1,620
649
547
424
510

3,290
356
134
223
2,934
608
2,296
1,743
712
574
457
553

5.3
12.1
10.8
12.9
5.1
9.4
4.6
4.9
5.8
4.5
4.2
4.0

3.8
10.6
9.8
12.1
3.5
8.1
3.0
3.1
4.2
2.8
2.0
2.8

3.6
10.3
8.8
11.4
3.4
7.0
2.9
3.0
3.9
2.8
2.2
2.6

3.6
11.2
11.2
9.8
3.3
7.6
2.9
2.9
3.5
2.9
2.3
2.8

3.5
11.5
8.7
12.8
3.2
7.3
2.8
2.9
3.3
2.9
2.5
2.5

3.8
11.2
11.5
11.2
3.5
8.1
3.0
3.1
3.7
3.0
2.7
2.7

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,784
312
145
163
3,472
632
2,837
2,155
898
668
588
661

2,625
347
143
204
2,278
393
1,891
1,421
630
429
362
417

2,724
313
109
203
2,411
412
2,004
1,537
665
462
410
450

5.0
10.4
11.9
9.3
4.8
8.9
4.3
4.5
5.2
4.2
3.9
3.7

3.5
9.8
7.8
11.5
3.2
5.7
2.9
3.0
3.6
3.0
2.4
2.7

3.6
10.4
11.4
9.4
3.4
6.4
3.0
3.2
3.9
3.0
2.5
2.7

3.6
10.8
11.1
10.6
3.3
6.0
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.6
2.6
2.7

3.4
11.4
11.6
11.3
3.1
5.4
2.8
2.9
3.6
2.6
2.4
2.3

3.5
9.6
8.2
10.5
3.3
5.7
3.0
3.1
3.8
2.8
2.7
2.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,428
1,037
828

822
806
482

934
796
533

3.2
2.9
7.9

1.9
2.1
4.0

2.0
2.3
5.0

2.0
2.3
4.5

1.8
2.1
4.7

2.0
2.1
5.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,951
1,420

4,555
1,131

4,938
1,112

5.2
5.2

3.5
4.4

3.4
4.3

3.5
3.9

3.3
4.2

3.6
4.1

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

4,547
1,283
3,264
2,545
719
905
2,514
590

2,776
1,037
1,739
1,185
554
880
1,938
661

2,871
866
2,005
1,427
578
983
1,891
511

4,441
1,206
3,234
2,509
725
830
2,446
514

2,839
853
1,987
1,386
601
793
1,882
515

2,736
810
1,927
1,386
541
764
1,943
535

2,645
827
1,818
1,273
545
832
1,990
464

2,547
791
1,756
1,166
589
842
1,826
460

2,720
782
1,938
1,354
584
898
1,836
440

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

53.1
15.0
38.1
10.6
29.4
6.9

44.4
16.6
27.8
14.1
31.0
10.6

45.9
13.8
32.0
15.7
30.2
8.2

54.0
14.7
39.3
10.1
29.7
6.2

47.1
14.1
33.0
13.1
31.2
8.5

45.8
13.5
32.2
12.8
32.5
8.9

44.6
13.9
30.7
14.0
33.6
7.8

44.9
13.9
30.9
14.8
32.2
8.1

46.2
13.3
32.9
15.2
31.2
7.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.8
0.6
1.6
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.7
0.6
1.1
0.3

2.7
0.5
1.5
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,051
2,269
4,236
1,042
3,195

2,373
2,179
1,703
557
1,145

2,162
2,175
1,919
683
1,236

2,110
1,927
4,353
1,248
3,105

2,227
1,617
2,033
551
1,483

2,066
1,767
2,017
661
1,356

2,262
1,552
2,089
753
1,336

2,080
1,772
1,785
718
1,067

2,223
1,807
2,022
885
1,137

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29.2
14.3

21.0
7.5

22.1
8.6

29.4
14.2

25.0
7.5

22.5
9.6

22.3
8.5

22.1
8.5

22.3
8.5

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

24.0
26.5
49.5
12.2
37.3

37.9
34.8
27.2
8.9
18.3

34.6
34.8
30.7
10.9
19.8

25.1
23.0
51.9
14.9
37.0

37.9
27.5
34.6
9.4
25.2

35.3
30.2
34.5
11.3
23.2

38.3
26.3
35.4
12.8
22.6

36.9
31.4
31.7
12.7
18.9

36.7
29.9
33.4
14.6
18.8

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

153,232
64,122

158,714
68,377

8,556
2,123

6,256
1,647

5.3
3.2

3.8
2.4

28,160
35,961
24,940
29,671
14,277
15,394

30,109
38,268
25,675
29,998
14,112
15,886

849
1,274
2,008
1,604
832
772

533
1,113
1,331
1,133
585
549

2.9
3.4
7.5
5.1
5.5
4.8

1.7
2.8
4.9
3.6
4.0
3.3

14,588
1,146
8,330
5,113

14,226
1,037
8,312
4,877

723
74
480
169

602
84
430
88

4.7
6.1
5.4
3.2

4.1
7.5
4.9
1.8

19,911
8,231
11,679

20,438
8,486
11,952

1,490
442
1,048

1,014
367
646

7.0
5.1
8.2

4.7
4.1
5.1

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

8,556
6,572
70
448
536
309
227
1,210
481
109
320
824
1,047
1,201
327
94
764
535

6,256
4,786
16
401
515
278
237
724
349
84
181
688
760
839
231
105
591
263

5.3
5.2
10.2
4.6
3.6
3.3
4.2
6.1
5.9
4.4
3.2
4.6
4.3
9.1
5.0
5.7
3.6
4.9

3.8
3.6
2.6
3.9
3.3
2.8
4.1
3.7
4.3
3.2
1.8
3.5
3.1
6.1
3.3
6.7
2.8
2.6

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Apr.
2022

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

2.6

1.0

1.2

2.7

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.1

1.2

2.8

1.7

1.7

2.7

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

5.3

3.8

3.8

5.2

3.6

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.7

5.5

4.1

4.0

5.4

3.9

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.9

6.2

4.7

4.6

6.1

4.6

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.5

8.9

7.2

7.0

8.8

7.0

7.1

6.7

6.7

7.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Aug.
2021

Men
Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Women
Aug.
2022

Aug.
2021

Aug.
2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

99,823
5,810
1,558
367
1,191

99,213
5,633
1,412
337
1,074

40,496
2,518
819
227
592

41,072
2,572
757
209
548

59,327
3,293
739
140
599

58,141
3,061
655
128
526

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,783
4.4
3,846
1,489
325
1,045

7,485
4.7
4,237
1,573
440
1,157

3,439
4.2
2,094
586
173
550

3,709
4.4
2,307
515
255
595

3,344
4.7
1,753
903
152
495

3,776
5.1
1,930
1,057
186
562

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

146,947
125,653
20,650

152,607
130,567
21,358

152,263
131,117
21,450

152,572
131,174
21,484

146,904
124,808
20,362

151,903
129,725
21,090

152,429
130,202
21,156

152,744
130,510
21,201

Change
from:
July2022 Aug.2022p
315
308
45

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

580
48.0
531.8
119.6
179.0
36.5
41.6

633
45.0
587.7
141.0
182.9
38.1
43.9

641
46.0
595.2
142.9
184.0
38.1
44.0

648
47.1
600.4
141.9
182.9
37.6
43.8

574
46.6
527.7
118.7
175.9
36.8
41.2

628
45.0
582.9
139.6
179.6
38.1
43.2

634
45.0
589.1
141.2
180.0
38.3
43.3

641
45.2
595.5
141.0
179.3
37.7
43.4

7
0.2
6.4
-0.2
-0.7
-0.6
0.1

100.9
233.2

100.9
263.8

101.9
268.3

101.5
275.6

97.8
233.1

98.3
263.7

98.5
267.9

98.1
275.2

-0.4
7.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,616
1,683.6
883.1
800.5
1,082.4
4,849.5
2,239.7
2,609.8

7,852
1,737.4
913.7
823.7
1,119.6
4,994.7
2,305.1
2,689.6

7,911
1,751.3
921.5
829.8
1,127.2
5,032.7
2,316.4
2,716.3

7,920
1,752.4
921.7
830.7
1,127.0
5,041.0
2,322.6
2,718.4

7,397
1,644.3
864.6
779.7
1,028.4
4,724.6
2,193.2
2,531.4

7,668
1,706.8
898.9
807.9
1,076.2
4,885.3
2,256.4
2,628.9

7,692
1,712.0
901.3
810.7
1,078.4
4,902.0
2,264.3
2,637.7

7,708
1,715.0
903.6
811.4
1,076.4
4,916.2
2,272.9
2,643.3

16
3.0
2.3
0.7
-2.0
14.2
8.6
5.6

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,454

12,873

12,898

12,916

12,391

12,794

12,830

12,852

7,735
414.2
409.6
352.7
1,390.2
1,062.8
1,063.0
158.5
85.1

7,991
433.0
419.4
361.3
1,445.0
1,103.2
1,089.3
162.9
85.5

7,992
433.6
420.0
362.6
1,449.0
1,105.2
1,093.1
163.8
85.8

8,011
433.2
422.7
364.5
1,448.4
1,102.4
1,096.6
164.8
84.3

7,710
413.3
403.0
352.5
1,386.3
1,060.8
1,059.5
157.9
85.1

7,937
431.7
411.8
361.0
1,436.2
1,093.7
1,083.3
162.2
84.8

7,966
432.4
412.9
363.0
1,440.8
1,097.0
1,087.2
163.0
85.1

7,985
432.3
415.7
364.4
1,445.5
1,099.8
1,091.7
163.9
84.3

19
-0.1
2.8
1.4
4.7
2.8
4.5
0.9
-0.8

370.3
418.2

385.5
422.9

389.6
421.8

391.4
423.9

369.1
417.2

382.8
421.7

386.3
421.1

389.4
422.5

3.1
1.4

30.9
397.4
1,654.2
970.6
376.5

32.5
413.7
1,698.8
997.3
386.2

32.1
412.3
1,687.7
984.1
384.3

32.2
410.2
1,708.3
1,001.9
381.6

30.3
396.5
1,651.2
961.0
375.4

31.9
409.4
1,688.5
990.6
384.2

31.7
409.1
1,701.1
994.2
382.5

31.6
409.9
1,703.5
992.3
381.8

-0.1
0.8
2.4
-1.9
-0.7

614.8

641.3

644.2

643.4

611.7

637.1

640.1

640.7

0.6

4,719
1,654.9
99.4
103.5
92.0
346.9
367.8
107.3
872.0
731.6

4,882
1,702.8
101.5
105.0
96.4
361.6
377.4
109.9
904.2
755.2

4,906
1,721.0
100.5
105.0
95.7
359.4
379.2
110.9
908.1
755.0

4,905
1,721.0
100.1
103.1
98.4
357.9
380.1
111.8
908.2
754.5

4,681
1,632.1
98.8
104.2
91.2
347.0
367.2
105.0
870.0
732.6

4,857
1,699.0
100.7
105.0
96.0
360.4
376.6
108.1
899.4
753.7

4,864
1,700.6
100.1
105.1
96.2
359.3
378.2
108.4
902.3
755.1

4,867
1,698.2
99.7
104.1
97.4
358.6
379.3
109.2
905.8
756.0

3
-2.4
-0.4
-1.0
1.2
-0.7
1.1
0.8
3.5
0.9

343.1

367.6

370.9

370.0

332.7

358.4

358.5

358.9

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105,003

109,209

109,667

109,690

104,446

108,635

109,046

109,309

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,642

28,643

28,644

28,637

27,807

28,704

28,773

28,838

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

22

5,714.0
3,139.0
2,091.1

5,902.0
3,248.9
2,152.6

5,916.5
3,258.6
2,155.1

5,913.5
3,255.4
2,154.0

5,699.2
3,131.0
2,083.2

5,866.0
3,229.8
2,135.9

5,881.1
3,239.6
2,140.0

5,896.2
3,247.5
2,146.0

0.4
263
65
15.1
7.9
6.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2022p

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Change
from:
July2022 Aug.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

483.9

500.5

502.8

504.1

485.0

500.3

501.5

502.7

1.2

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,376.0
1,957.0
1,229.3
177.6
550.1
437.9
415.3

15,775.4
1,985.0
1,240.1
179.8
565.1
433.1
425.5

15,795.4
1,983.7
1,237.0
180.4
566.3
431.0
421.9

15,772.9
1,986.6
1,240.7
177.4
568.5
426.1
421.3

15,434.7
1,943.5
1,223.9
170.6
548.9
443.9
423.2

15,783.9
1,970.9
1,235.8
170.2
564.9
437.1
435.1

15,813.0
1,970.6
1,233.7
171.1
565.7
436.1
434.0

15,857.0
1,972.9
1,235.7
170.3
566.9
433.5
432.8

44.0
2.3
2.0
-0.8
1.2
-2.6
-1.2

1,397.4
3,121.4
1,016.7
960.6
1,048.6

1,459.6
3,182.4
1,050.4
979.5
1,078.9

1,432.2
3,203.1
1,048.7
984.8
1,080.7

1,408.3
3,211.8
1,059.7
988.5
1,084.2

1,391.5
3,123.0
1,026.1
944.5
1,046.9

1,392.2
3,174.1
1,058.6
970.3
1,082.7

1,394.4
3,188.8
1,060.4
971.5
1,079.2

1,401.2
3,203.4
1,070.4
972.5
1,082.1

6.8
14.6
10.0
1.0
2.9

538.2
3,017.8
909.6

531.2
3,141.5
931.8

534.3
3,154.1
938.2

529.0
3,147.2
939.0

539.4
3,091.5
944.4

536.6
3,224.3
968.5

535.7
3,234.5
970.4

531.8
3,249.6
974.5

-3.9
15.1
4.1

2,108.2
828.8
636.3

2,209.7
867.5
640.8

2,215.9
877.9
643.0

2,208.2
868.8
641.4

2,147.1
820.0
641.2

2,255.8
852.0
650.0

2,264.1
858.9
648.9

2,275.1
857.9
648.9

11.0
-1.0
0.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,011.0
488.5
146.0
57.9
1,536.8

6,423.3
561.1
146.8
62.8
1,597.5

6,387.1
567.9
146.4
65.3
1,607.5

6,407.4
567.7
146.4
65.2
1,612.2

6,133.3
485.5
146.1
56.0
1,524.4

6,513.6
555.6
146.6
61.0
1,590.7

6,538.2
562.6
146.6
62.2
1,594.7

6,543.0
564.8
146.4
63.0
1,595.5

4.8
2.2
-0.2
0.8
0.8

320.9
50.2
30.1
729.6
1,014.4
1,636.6

392.9
49.8
34.6
771.0
1,046.8
1,760.0

354.4
49.9
36.1
775.5
1,032.5
1,751.6

351.5
49.6
36.2
783.7
1,044.8
1,750.1

382.4
50.1
23.6
727.7
1,071.9
1,665.6

403.7
49.6
28.6
774.2
1,112.5
1,791.1

414.0
49.7
29.3
778.4
1,111.6
1,789.1

411.5
49.5
29.7
782.8
1,116.9
1,782.9

-2.5
-0.2
0.4
4.4
5.3
-6.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

540.8

542.3

545.2

543.0

539.8

540.0

541.0

541.6

0.6

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,884
798.8

3,031
839.2

3,056
843.1

3,055
843.7

2,866
795.4

3,009
832.1

3,025
835.3

3,032
838.9

7
3.6

403.6
234.2
662.3

448.0
235.8
664.8

453.7
233.2
670.1

446.8
235.8
669.1

388.2
235.8
664.6

440.0
235.6
665.4

438.6
235.9
668.5

435.3
236.5
668.9

-3.3
0.6
0.4

395.7
389.3

421.1
421.8

424.8
431.0

425.2
434.2

397.8
384.3

419.0
417.2

422.4
424.2

425.6
427.2

3.2
3.0

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,838
6,530.3
21.0

8,993
6,605.8
21.0

9,028
6,629.5
21.4

9,034
6,634.2
21.1

8,781
6,513.4
20.9

8,951
6,595.7
20.9

8,964
6,606.4
21.1

8,981
6,617.3
21.0

17
10.9
-0.1

2,712.9
1,742.8
1,359.2
635.9
334.2

2,710.5
1,738.1
1,341.1
635.8
336.6

2,712.0
1,746.9
1,348.2
632.8
332.3

2,714.9
1,748.4
1,347.7
632.7
333.8

2,703.8
1,736.2
1,353.1
633.9
333.7

2,705.3
1,731.8
1,335.7
637.2
336.3

2,705.8
1,737.6
1,339.8
634.7
333.5

2,707.9
1,741.2
1,341.1
632.3
334.4

2.1
3.6
1.3
-2.4
0.9

1,001.7
2,794.7
2,307.8
1,777.8
509.2

1,034.4
2,839.9
2,387.5
1,818.7
547.8

1,053.3
2,842.8
2,398.0
1,824.6
552.5

1,053.8
2,844.4
2,399.7
1,823.8
555.1

992.6
2,796.1
2,268.0
1,756.1
491.5

1,031.8
2,837.7
2,355.4
1,803.5
531.3

1,039.4
2,840.1
2,357.4
1,803.1
533.7

1,042.9
2,845.5
2,363.3
1,805.3
537.5

3.5
5.4
5.9
2.2
3.8

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2022p

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Change
from:
July2022 Aug.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

20.8

21.0

20.9

20.8

20.4

20.6

20.6

20.5

-0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,429
9,957.8
1,156.8
1,013.7
1,573.5
144.5

22,313
10,436.4
1,196.2
1,071.7
1,647.2
154.7

22,416
10,529.1
1,199.8
1,074.6
1,668.5
155.1

22,494
10,541.2
1,177.5
1,066.4
1,674.6
155.8

21,309
9,957.2
1,157.2
1,063.4
1,555.1
144.3

22,289
10,454.0
1,183.9
1,110.3
1,632.1
154.1

22,373
10,497.0
1,188.2
1,110.5
1,644.3
155.2

22,441
10,537.9
1,179.3
1,112.2
1,653.8
155.2

68
40.9
-8.9
1.7
9.5
0.0

2,331.3

2,423.4

2,439.8

2,457.2

2,317.7

2,433.4

2,431.1

2,445.5

14.4

1,647.5

1,745.0

1,766.3

1,779.0

1,644.2

1,754.3

1,765.4

1,778.5

13.1

840.4
449.5
800.6
2,345.6
9,125.8
8,665.2
556.4
156.6
3,530.6
2,866.9
797.2

892.4
485.1
820.7
2,396.8
9,480.1
9,002.6
596.1
152.6
3,783.5
3,074.0
772.4

905.6
489.3
830.1
2,410.9
9,476.3
8,993.5
604.9
155.6
3,745.2
3,031.2
764.8

907.2
488.9
834.6
2,402.8
9,549.6
9,065.1
606.2
158.7
3,811.7
3,082.6
765.7

832.7
448.0
794.6
2,335.6
9,015.7
8,558.4
554.0
156.1
3,525.6
2,863.8
806.5

884.1
482.9
818.9
2,382.2
9,453.0
8,978.3
592.6
154.4
3,857.4
3,142.3
789.4

892.0
486.5
823.9
2,395.0
9,481.4
9,004.1
600.1
155.9
3,868.3
3,150.8
782.5

898.0
487.4
827.8
2,393.1
9,510.1
9,030.5
602.8
157.1
3,884.9
3,162.4
777.8

6.0
0.9
3.9
-1.9
28.7
26.4
2.7
1.2
16.6
11.6
-4.7

143.9
911.8
2,261.8
306.9

156.9
920.3
2,297.5
323.3

156.4
925.8
2,315.3
325.5

155.7
933.3
2,305.4
328.4

140.5
910.7
2,159.1
306.0

153.0
921.9
2,188.8
320.8

153.1
926.2
2,193.9
323.9

152.5
930.4
2,199.8
325.2

-0.6
4.2
5.9
1.3

460.6

477.5

482.8

484.5

457.3

474.7

477.3

479.6

2.3

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,468
3,372.8
20,095.3
16,046.5
7,892.9
2,745.3
1,002.4
1,023.4
999.6
306.9
1,504.7

24,153
3,590.5
20,562.5
16,335.9
8,146.0
2,819.5
1,033.4
1,078.6
1,019.4
314.0
1,564.3

24,192
3,545.1
20,647.1
16,422.5
8,195.7
2,835.9
1,045.4
1,091.5
1,028.2
313.3
1,564.9

24,252
3,546.8
20,705.6
16,467.1
8,213.6
2,847.7
1,044.1
1,094.7
1,031.8
314.4
1,562.7

23,728
3,613.2
20,115.2
16,042.3
7,897.7
2,749.7
998.9
1,020.4
1,001.7
309.2
1,506.7

24,358
3,796.9
20,560.6
16,339.9
8,153.9
2,823.5
1,032.5
1,078.3
1,021.6
314.7
1,566.1

24,476
3,821.4
20,654.3
16,405.7
8,197.2
2,835.3
1,041.4
1,092.1
1,028.0
315.3
1,568.1

24,544
3,827.8
20,715.8
16,453.9
8,219.1
2,850.5
1,041.5
1,093.1
1,032.6
316.5
1,566.3

68
6.4
61.5
48.2
21.9
15.2
0.1
1.0
4.6
1.2
-1.8

310.6
5,133.0
3,020.6
1,369.8
602.8

316.8
5,178.4
3,011.5
1,356.2
605.6

316.5
5,197.8
3,029.0
1,362.9
609.5

318.2
5,213.9
3,039.6
1,365.2
612.5

311.0
5,129.6
3,015.0
1,367.7
602.0

317.0
5,179.8
3,006.2
1,356.2
604.0

317.0
5,193.6
3,014.9
1,357.8
606.9

318.6
5,208.3
3,026.5
1,360.1
611.0

1.6
14.7
11.6
2.3
4.1

893.7
154.3
4,048.8
2,721.4
190.9
275.3
861.2

892.6
157.1
4,226.6
2,797.1
201.0
277.6
950.9

899.5
157.1
4,224.6
2,822.3
201.1
276.8
924.4

903.4
158.5
4,238.5
2,822.5
200.8
278.1
937.1

891.7
153.5
4,072.9
2,721.9
192.3
271.9
886.8

889.9
156.2
4,220.7
2,791.5
201.0
274.2
953.9

894.3
155.9
4,248.6
2,812.1
201.7
271.8
963.1

897.9
157.6
4,261.9
2,818.9
202.7
274.4
965.9

3.6
1.7
13.3
6.8
1.0
2.6
2.8

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,172
2,323.3
425.3

16,317
2,562.9
518.8

16,545
2,643.2
520.0

16,449
2,582.8
516.3

14,453
2,050.2
401.5

15,642
2,295.3
495.9

15,737
2,311.2
499.6

15,768
2,319.6
496.6

31
8.4
-3.0

152.1

169.5

175.7

172.1

141.8

157.9

159.8

161.9

2.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Change
from:
July2022 Aug.2022p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,745.9
12,848.5
1,674.5
11,174.0

1,874.6
13,754.5
1,829.4
11,925.1

1,947.5
13,901.7
1,879.1
12,022.6

1,894.4
13,866.5
1,860.5
12,006.0

1,506.9
12,402.4
1,516.2
10,886.2

1,641.5
13,346.5
1,714.3
11,632.2

1,651.8
13,425.6
1,715.9
11,709.7

1,661.1
13,448.1
1,720.2
11,727.9

9.3
22.5
4.3
18.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,570
1,373.3
1,393.9
2,803.1

5,759
1,436.9
1,465.2
2,857.0

5,786
1,436.3
1,480.0
2,869.5

5,769
1,438.9
1,475.8
2,854.6

5,502
1,360.7
1,381.4
2,759.7

5,682
1,423.1
1,451.7
2,807.4

5,698
1,424.9
1,463.5
2,810.0

5,705
1,427.6
1,463.6
2,813.3

7
2.7
0.1
3.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

21,294
2,894
2,294.1
599.6
4,966
2,290.8
2,674.9
13,434
6,942.1
6,492.1

22,040
2,858
2,262.9
594.6
4,986
2,337.8
2,648.5
14,196
7,639.6
6,556.2

21,146
2,881
2,277.0
604.3
4,929
2,275.2
2,653.4
13,336
6,711.2
6,624.8

21,398
2,869
2,276.4
592.8
4,989
2,326.1
2,662.4
13,540
6,940.0
6,599.7

22,096
2,886
2,282.3
603.9
5,226
2,560.5
2,665.0
13,984
7,665.2
6,319.2

22,178
2,856
2,254.7
601.4
5,238
2,604.2
2,633.9
14,084
7,701.4
6,382.3

22,227
2,865
2,261.8
603.4
5,248
2,607.1
2,641.1
14,114
7,715.5
6,398.0

22,234
2,863
2,263.1
600.0
5,251
2,602.6
2,648.5
14,120
7,701.5
6,418.8

7
-2
1.3
-3.4
3
-4.5
7.4
6
-14.0
20.8

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.7
39.9
44.7
38.8
40.4
40.5
40.2
33.7
34.4
39.1
30.7
38.7
42.6
37.0
37.5
36.5
33.4
26.3
32.2

34.5
39.9
46.3
38.7
40.3
40.7
39.7
33.5
34.0
39.0
30.1
38.4
42.9
36.8
37.5
36.6
33.4
25.7
32.2

34.6
40.0
46.2
38.8
40.4
40.8
39.6
33.5
34.2
39.1
30.3
38.4
42.2
36.7
37.4
36.6
33.4
25.7
32.2

34.5
39.9
46.1
38.8
40.3
40.7
39.7
33.4
34.0
39.0
30.1
38.4
41.7
36.6
37.4
36.7
33.3
25.6
32.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.2
3.1
3.4

3.2
3.3
3.1

3.3
3.4
3.1

3.3
3.4
3.1

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$30.76
31.16
35.25
33.08
29.86
31.35
27.37
30.66
26.45
33.84
22.01
26.57
45.03
44.30
40.11
36.87
30.25
18.70
27.94

$32.11
32.37
36.22
34.67
30.83
32.43
28.14
32.05
27.59
34.99
22.87
27.97
47.40
46.22
41.45
38.64
31.73
20.08
28.41

$32.26
32.50
36.74
34.77
30.95
32.51
28.34
32.21
27.71
35.17
23.02
28.03
47.40
46.41
41.59
38.87
31.93
20.20
28.58

$32.36
32.52
36.90
34.82
30.95
32.51
28.32
32.32
27.74
35.20
23.04
28.10
47.16
46.95
41.81
38.94
32.04
20.30
28.64

$1,067.37
1,243.28
1,575.68
1,283.50
1,206.34
1,269.68
1,100.27
1,033.24
909.88
1,323.14
675.71
1,028.26
1,918.28
1,639.10
1,504.13
1,345.76
1,010.35
491.81
899.67

$1,107.80
1,291.56
1,676.99
1,341.73
1,242.45
1,319.90
1,117.16
1,073.68
938.06
1,364.61
688.39
1,074.05
2,033.46
1,700.90
1,554.38
1,414.22
1,059.78
516.06
914.80

$1,116.20
1,300.00
1,697.39
1,349.08
1,250.38
1,326.41
1,122.26
1,079.04
947.68
1,375.15
697.51
1,076.35
2,000.28
1,703.25
1,555.47
1,422.64
1,066.46
519.14
920.28

$1,116.42
1,297.55
1,701.09
1,351.02
1,247.29
1,323.16
1,124.30
1,079.49
943.16
1,372.80
693.50
1,079.04
1,966.57
1,718.37
1,563.69
1,429.10
1,066.93
519.68
922.21

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
July
2022 Aug.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

108.7
92.6
80.6
98.9
90.1
87.9
93.9
113.3
104.4
98.3
96.2
136.4
99.5
96.8
107.9
122.0
129.4
108.5
102.1

112.4
95.9
91.4
102.3
92.8
90.9
96.2
117.2
106.5
100.9
96.5
143.7
100.2
101.1
110.0
127.9
132.8
114.7
105.5

113.1
96.4
92.0
102.9
93.2
91.5
96.1
117.6
107.4
101.4
97.3
144.3
98.8
101.4
109.8
128.4
133.5
115.4
105.8

113.0
96.4
92.9
103.1
93.2
91.5
96.4
117.5
107.0
101.4
96.9
144.4
97.7
101.3
110.1
129.1
133.5
115.2
105.9

-0.1
0.0
1.0
0.2
0.0
0.0
0.3
-0.1
-0.4
0.0
-0.4
0.1
-1.1
-0.1
0.3
0.5
0.0
-0.2
0.1

1

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
July
2022 Aug.
2022p

159.9
130.4
114.1
142.2
125.1
122.4
130.4
168.9
148.9
139.1
140.0
184.3
148.0
152.8
168.8
182.1
188.3
163.6
156.4

172.5
140.3
132.9
154.1
133.0
131.0
137.4
182.5
158.4
147.7
145.8
204.5
157.0
166.4
177.8
200.1
202.8
185.8
164.3

174.4
141.6
135.8
155.4
134.2
132.1
138.3
184.1
160.5
149.2
148.0
205.7
154.7
167.5
178.2
202.1
205.0
188.1
165.7

174.9
141.7
137.6
156.0
134.1
132.1
138.6
184.7
160.1
149.3
147.6
206.4
152.3
169.4
179.5
203.6
205.7
188.6
166.3

0.3
0.1
1.3
0.4
-0.1
0.0
0.2
0.3
-0.2
0.1
-0.3
0.3
-1.6
1.1
0.7
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.4

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

73,229
60,453
4,636
74
1,020
3,542
1,880
1,662
55,817
10,972
1,724.4
7,513.1
1,598.9
135.1
1,134
4,938
9,869
18,328
7,658
2,918
12,776

75,699
62,818
4,861
82
1,076
3,703
1,967
1,736
57,957
11,419
1,797.6
7,724.8
1,759.8
136.8
1,206
4,994
10,289
18,748
8,285
3,016
12,881

76,026
63,083
4,882
83
1,079
3,720
1,979
1,741
58,201
11,461
1,803.2
7,747.0
1,772.6
137.7
1,208
5,000
10,314
18,867
8,317
3,034
12,943

76,118
63,216
4,889
85
1,079
3,725
1,982
1,743
58,327
11,493
1,805.9
7,764.1
1,784.9
138.2
1,213
5,001
10,329
18,915
8,334
3,042
12,902

49.8
48.4
22.8
12.9
13.8
28.6
24.4
35.5
53.4
39.5
30.3
48.7
26.1
25.0
39.6
56.2
46.3
77.2
53.0
53.0
57.8

49.8
48.4
23.0
13.1
14.0
28.9
24.8
35.7
53.4
39.8
30.6
48.9
27.0
25.3
40.1
55.8
46.2
77.0
53.0
53.1
58.1

49.9
48.5
23.1
13.1
14.0
29.0
24.8
35.8
53.4
39.8
30.7
49.0
27.1
25.5
39.9
55.8
46.1
77.1
52.8
53.2
58.2

49.8
48.4
23.1
13.3
14.0
29.0
24.8
35.8
53.4
39.9
30.6
49.0
27.3
25.5
40.0
55.7
46.0
77.1
52.9
53.3
58.0

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

101,731
14,515
428
5,461
8,626
5,295
3,331
87,216
23,495
4,530.8
13,195.6
5,339.5
429.2
2,281
6,623
17,207
20,723
12,410
4,477

105,691
15,122
471
5,668
8,983
5,496
3,487
90,569
24,214
4,667.4
13,443.9
5,669.7
432.7
2,401
6,736
17,813
21,192
13,594
4,619

106,112
15,167
475
5,688
9,004
5,510
3,494
90,945
24,279
4,673.8
13,481.9
5,689.2
434.1
2,418
6,751
17,899
21,281
13,678
4,639

106,367
15,201
480
5,699
9,022
5,534
3,488
91,166
24,341
4,678.2
13,516.0
5,712.1
434.5
2,420
6,762
17,956
21,304
13,739
4,644

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.2
40.8
46.2
39.4
41.4
41.4
41.3
33.1
34.3
38.9
30.7
38.5
42.6
36.9
37.3
36.2
32.6
25.0
31.2

34.0
40.6
48.1
39.5
41.0
41.3
40.5
32.9
34.0
39.1
30.4
37.8
43.0
36.3
37.4
36.3
32.7
24.6
31.2

34.0
40.7
48.1
39.6
41.1
41.5
40.4
32.9
34.0
39.2
30.3
37.8
42.4
36.3
37.4
36.4
32.7
24.5
31.2

33.9
40.5
47.1
39.5
40.9
41.2
40.3
32.8
33.9
39.0
30.2
37.7
42.3
36.2
37.3
36.4
32.7
24.4
31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.1
4.1
4.1

4.1
4.3
3.8

4.0
4.2
3.7

3.9
4.1
3.6

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$26.10
26.73
31.54
30.76
24.03
25.03
22.44
25.97
22.56
27.91
18.61
24.21
40.14
36.62
30.51
30.82
27.38
16.49
23.86

$27.45
27.91
32.83
32.27
24.96
26.15
23.04
27.36
23.87
29.10
19.49
26.20
42.14
37.65
32.24
32.53
28.83
17.78
24.42

$27.58
28.03
33.10
32.40
25.06
26.21
23.21
27.49
23.98
29.33
19.60
26.16
42.27
37.76
32.47
32.64
28.99
17.81
24.65

$27.68
28.15
33.51
32.57
25.13
26.32
23.19
27.58
24.06
29.39
19.65
26.36
41.95
38.13
32.45
32.71
29.11
17.92
24.58

$892.62
1,090.58
1,457.15
1,211.94
994.84
1,036.24
926.77
859.61
773.81
1,085.70
571.33
932.09
1,709.96
1,351.28
1,138.02
1,115.68
892.59
412.25
744.43

$933.30
1,133.15
1,579.12
1,274.67
1,023.36
1,080.00
933.12
900.14
811.58
1,137.81
592.50
990.36
1,812.02
1,366.70
1,205.78
1,180.84
942.74
437.39
761.90

$937.72
1,140.82
1,592.11
1,283.04
1,029.97
1,087.72
937.68
904.42
815.32
1,149.74
593.88
988.85
1,792.25
1,370.69
1,214.38
1,188.10
947.97
436.35
769.08

$938.35
1,140.08
1,578.32
1,286.52
1,027.82
1,084.38
934.56
904.62
815.63
1,146.21
593.43
993.77
1,774.49
1,380.31
1,210.39
1,190.64
951.90
437.25
766.90

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
July
2022 Aug.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115.9
90.5
105.1
107.7
82.0
82.4
81.1
123.0
112.7
104.6
102.5
155.6
93.5
96.1
116.3
139.3
144.0
113.6
98.0

119.7
93.8
120.4
112.1
84.5
85.3
83.2
127.0
115.1
108.3
103.4
162.2
95.2
99.5
118.6
144.6
147.8
122.5
101.1

120.2
94.3
121.4
112.8
85.0
85.9
83.2
127.5
115.4
108.7
103.4
162.8
94.1
100.2
118.8
145.7
148.4
122.7
101.5

120.2
94.1
120.1
112.7
84.7
85.7
82.8
127.4
115.4
108.3
103.3
163.0
94.0
100.0
118.7
146.1
148.5
122.8
101.6

0.0
-0.2
-1.1
-0.1
-0.4
-0.2
-0.5
-0.1
0.0
-0.4
-0.1
0.1
-0.1
-0.2
-0.1
0.3
0.1
0.1
0.1

1

Aug.
2021

June
2022

July
2022p

Aug.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
July
2022 Aug.
2022p

202.2
148.1
192.8
178.9
128.8
128.7
128.5
219.1
181.7
172.3
163.5
239.7
156.7
174.2
218.2
255.3
260.3
212.8
170.3

219.7
160.3
229.9
195.3
138.0
139.2
135.5
238.3
196.4
186.0
172.7
270.5
167.4
185.4
235.2
279.7
281.2
247.3
179.8

221.6
161.9
233.7
197.3
139.2
140.6
136.4
240.4
197.8
188.2
173.6
271.0
166.1
187.3
237.4
282.8
283.9
248.3
182.3

222.3
162.2
234.1
198.2
139.2
140.7
135.7
241.0
198.4
187.8
173.9
273.4
164.6
188.7
237.0
284.3
285.4
249.9
182.0

0.3
0.2
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.1
-0.5
0.2
0.3
-0.2
0.2
0.9
-0.9
0.7
-0.2
0.5
0.5
0.6
-0.2

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.