Full text of The Employment Situation : August 2019

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, September 6, 2019

USDL-19-1573

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — AUGUST 2019
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 130,000 in August, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment in federal
government rose, largely reflecting the hiring of temporary workers for the 2020 Census. Notable job
gains also occurred in health care and financial activities, while mining lost jobs.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
August 2017 – August 2019

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, August 2017 – August 2019

Percent

Thousands

6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19

400
350
300
250
200
150
100
50
0
-50
Aug-17 Nov-17 Feb-18 May-18 Aug-18 Nov-18 Feb-19 May-19 Aug-19

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
In August, the unemployment rate was 3.7 percent for the third month in a row, and the number of
unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 6.0 million. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.4 percent), adult women

(3.3 percent), teenagers (12.6 percent), Whites (3.4 percent), Blacks (5.5 percent), Asians (2.8 percent),
and Hispanics (4.2 percent) showed little or no change in August. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.2
million in August and accounted for 20.6 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate edged up to 63.2 percent in August but has shown little change, on
net, thus far this year. The employment-population ratio, at 60.9 percent, also edged up over the month
and is up by 0.6 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) increased by 397,000 to 4.4 million in August; this increase follows a
decline of similar magnitude in July. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time
employment, were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find
full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In August, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little different from a year
earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 467,000 discouraged workers in August, about unchanged
from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently
looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.1 million persons
marginally attached to the labor force in August had not searched for work for reasons such as school
attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 130,000 in August. Job growth has averaged 158,000
per month thus far this year, below the average monthly gain of 223,000 in 2018. In August,
employment in federal government rose, largely reflecting the hiring of temporary workers for the 2020
Census. Private-sector employment was up by 96,000, with notable job gains in health care and
financial activities and a job loss in mining. (See table B-1.)
In August, employment in federal government increased by 28,000. The gain was mostly due to the
hiring of 25,000 temporary workers to prepare for the 2020 Census.
Health care added 24,000 jobs over the month and 392,000 over the past 12 months. In August,
employment continued to trend up in ambulatory health care services (+12,000) and in hospitals
(+9,000).
In August, financial activities employment rose by 15,000, with nearly half of the gain occurring in
insurance carriers and related activities (+7,000). Financial activities has added 111,000 jobs over the
year.
Employment in professional and business services continued to trend up in August (+37,000). Within
the industry, employment increased by 10,000 both in computer systems design and related services and
-2-

in management of companies and enterprises. Monthly job gains in professional and business services
have averaged 34,000 thus far in 2019, below the average monthly gain of 47,000 in 2018.
Social assistance employment continued on an upward trend in August (+13,000). Within the industry,
individual and family services added 17,000 jobs. Social assistance has added 100,000 jobs in the last 6
months.
Mining employment declined by 6,000 in August, with nearly all of the loss in support activities for
mining (-5,000).
Retail trade employment changed little in August (-11,000). General merchandise stores lost 15,000
jobs over the month and 80,000 jobs over the year. Building material and garden supply stores added
9,000 jobs over the month.
Employment showed little change over the month in construction, manufacturing, transportation
and warehousing, and leisure and hospitality. Job growth in these industries has moderated thus far in
2019 compared with 2018.
In August, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 11 cents to
$28.11, following 9-cent gains in both June and July. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings
have increased by 3.2 percent. In August, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees rose by 11 cents to $23.59. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.4
hours in August. In manufacturing, the average workweek increased by 0.2 hour to 40.6 hours, and
overtime declined by 0.1 hour to 3.2 hours. The average workweek of private-sector production and
nonsupervisory employees increased by 0.1 hour to 33.6 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for June was revised down by 15,000 from +193,000
to +178,000, and the change for July was revised down by 5,000 from +164,000 to +159,000. With these
revisions, employment gains in June and July combined were 20,000 less than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job
gains have averaged 156,000 per month over the last 3 months.
_____________
The Employment Situation for September is scheduled to be released on Friday, October 4, 2019,
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019

Change from:
July 2019Aug. 2019

Aug.
2019

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

258,066
161,802
62.7
155,604
60.3
6,197
3.8
96,264

259,037
162,981
62.9
157,005
60.6
5,975
3.7
96,057

259,225
163,351
63.0
157,288
60.7
6,063
3.7
95,874

259,432
163,922
63.2
157,878
60.9
6,044
3.7
95,510

207
571
0.2
590
0.2
-19
0.0
-364

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

3.8
3.5
3.5
12.7
3.4
6.3
3.0
4.7

3.7
3.3
3.3
12.7
3.3
6.0
2.1
4.3

3.7
3.4
3.4
12.8
3.3
6.0
2.8
4.5

3.7
3.4
3.3
12.6
3.4
5.5
2.8
4.2

0.0
0.0
-0.1
-0.2
0.1
-0.5
0.0
-0.3

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.2
5.7
3.9
3.5
2.0

3.0
5.3
3.9
3.0
2.1

3.0
5.1
3.6
3.2
2.2

2.9
5.4
3.6
3.1
2.1

-0.1
0.3
0.0
-0.1
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

2,868
866
1,864
586

2,736
888
1,868
541

2,798
833
1,810
595

2,876
781
1,801
574

78
-52
-9
-21

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,199
1,722
927
1,320

1,961
1,830
769
1,414

2,201
1,797
905
1,166

2,207
1,757
835
1,243

6
-40
-70
77

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,368
2,581
1,377
21,803

4,347
2,707
1,337
21,524

3,984
2,385
1,364
21,437

4,381
2,678
1,351
21,697

397
293
-13
260

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,443
434

1,571
425

1,478
368

1,564
467

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

282
246
50
8
34
8
12
2.3
-4
196
19.4
5.9
23.8
0.6
-6
11
58
12.9
60
48.3
17
6
36

178
161
27
-2
19
10
9
-2.0
1
134
-1.1
-12.0
20.2
1.2
13
3
43
-2.9
48
39.9
4
15
17

159
131
-2
-4
-2
4
2
-1.5
2
133
7.3
-5.1
-0.3
-0.5
0
20
36
-7.9
71
47.0
-3
7
28

130
96
12
-5
14
3
0
0.1
3
84
2.9
-11.1
-0.5
-1.4
0
15
37
15.4
32
36.8
12
-1
34

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

241
218

152
146

133
124

156
129

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.7
48.3
82.4

49.8
48.5
82.3

49.9
48.5
82.3

49.9
48.5
82.3

34.5
$27.23
$939.44
110.0
0.3
143.1
0.6

34.4
$27.91
$960.10
111.1
0.1
148.3
0.5

34.3
$28.00
$960.40
110.9
-0.2
148.5
0.1

34.4
$28.11
$966.98
111.3
0.4
149.6
0.7

66.1
60.5

59.9
59.9

57.8
53.9

53.5
51.3

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 142,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 689,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.

When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 110,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -60,000 to +160,000
(50,000 +/- 110,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

258,066
161,909
62.7
155,539
60.3
6,370
3.9
96,157
5,534

259,225
164,941
63.6
158,385
61.1
6,556
4.0
94,284
5,289

259,432
164,019
63.2
157,816
60.8
6,203
3.8
95,413
5,331

258,066
161,802
62.7
155,604
60.3
6,197
3.8
96,264
5,401

258,693
162,470
62.8
156,645
60.6
5,824
3.6
96,223
5,121

258,861
162,646
62.8
156,758
60.6
5,888
3.6
96,215
5,045

259,037
162,981
62.9
157,005
60.6
5,975
3.7
96,057
5,322

259,225
163,351
63.0
157,288
60.7
6,063
3.7
95,874
5,043

259,432
163,922
63.2
157,878
60.9
6,044
3.7
95,510
5,150

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124,816
86,212
69.1
83,062
66.5
3,150
3.7
38,604

125,378
88,025
70.2
84,798
67.6
3,227
3.7
37,353

125,481
87,155
69.5
84,077
67.0
3,078
3.5
38,326

124,816
85,868
68.8
82,565
66.1
3,303
3.8
38,948

125,114
86,179
68.9
82,959
66.3
3,221
3.7
38,935

125,197
86,377
69.0
83,192
66.4
3,185
3.7
38,820

125,285
86,479
69.0
83,293
66.5
3,185
3.7
38,806

125,378
86,805
69.2
83,584
66.7
3,221
3.7
38,573

125,481
86,832
69.2
83,600
66.6
3,233
3.7
38,649

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116,328
83,140
71.5
80,409
69.1
2,731
3.3
33,188

116,939
84,284
72.1
81,561
69.7
2,723
3.2
32,655

117,040
83,939
71.7
81,272
69.4
2,667
3.2
33,101

116,328
83,044
71.4
80,149
68.9
2,895
3.5
33,284

116,665
83,373
71.5
80,576
69.1
2,797
3.4
33,292

116,752
83,561
71.6
80,766
69.2
2,795
3.3
33,191

116,843
83,501
71.5
80,718
69.1
2,783
3.3
33,341

116,939
83,794
71.7
80,981
69.3
2,814
3.4
33,144

117,040
83,868
71.7
81,039
69.2
2,830
3.4
33,171

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

133,250
75,697
56.8
72,477
54.4
3,220
4.3
57,553

133,847
76,916
57.5
73,587
55.0
3,329
4.3
56,931

133,951
76,864
57.4
73,740
55.0
3,125
4.1
57,087

133,250
75,934
57.0
73,039
54.8
2,895
3.8
57,316

133,579
76,291
57.1
73,687
55.2
2,604
3.4
57,288

133,664
76,269
57.1
73,566
55.0
2,703
3.5
57,395

133,753
76,502
57.2
73,712
55.1
2,790
3.6
57,251

133,847
76,546
57.2
73,705
55.1
2,841
3.7
57,301

133,951
77,090
57.6
74,278
55.5
2,812
3.6
56,861

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

124,983
72,782
58.2
69,880
55.9
2,902
4.0
52,201

125,604
73,269
58.3
70,415
56.1
2,853
3.9
52,336

125,705
73,756
58.7
70,983
56.5
2,773
3.8
51,949

124,983
73,153
58.5
70,563
56.5
2,590
3.5
51,829

125,332
73,419
58.6
71,131
56.8
2,288
3.1
51,913

125,419
73,347
58.5
70,981
56.6
2,366
3.2
52,071

125,509
73,579
58.6
71,139
56.7
2,441
3.3
51,929

125,604
73,548
58.6
71,069
56.6
2,479
3.4
52,057

125,705
74,123
59.0
71,655
57.0
2,468
3.3
51,582

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,755
5,987
35.7
5,250
31.3
737
12.3
10,767

16,682
7,389
44.3
6,409
38.4
980
13.3
9,293

16,687
6,324
37.9
5,560
33.3
763
12.1
10,363

16,755
5,604
33.4
4,892
29.2
712
12.7
11,151

16,696
5,678
34.0
4,938
29.6
740
13.0
11,018

16,690
5,738
34.4
5,011
30.0
726
12.7
10,953

16,686
5,900
35.4
5,148
30.9
751
12.7
10,786

16,682
6,009
36.0
5,239
31.4
770
12.8
10,673

16,687
5,931
35.5
5,184
31.1
747
12.6
10,756

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

200,356
125,462
62.6
121,040
60.4
4,421
3.5
74,894

200,843
127,549
63.5
122,968
61.2
4,580
3.6
73,294

200,953
126,920
63.2
122,439
60.9
4,481
3.5
74,033

200,356
125,347
62.6
121,074
60.4
4,272
3.4
75,009

200,576
125,900
62.8
121,944
60.8
3,957
3.1
74,676

200,658
125,980
62.8
121,883
60.7
4,097
3.3
74,678

200,746
126,244
62.9
122,125
60.8
4,119
3.3
74,502

200,843
126,345
62.9
122,144
60.8
4,201
3.3
74,498

200,953
126,765
63.1
122,471
60.9
4,293
3.4
74,188

65,601
71.5
63,702
69.4
1,899
2.9

66,301
72.1
64,399
70.0
1,902
2.9

66,119
71.8
64,252
69.8
1,867
2.8

65,527
71.4
63,513
69.2
2,014
3.1

65,802
71.6
63,896
69.6
1,906
2.9

65,973
71.8
64,042
69.7
1,931
2.9

65,928
71.7
64,009
69.6
1,919
2.9

65,994
71.7
64,005
69.6
1,989
3.0

66,066
71.8
64,094
69.6
1,972
3.0

55,100
57.2
53,100
55.1
2,000
3.6

55,479
57.4
53,481
55.4
1,998
3.6

55,839
57.8
53,798
55.7
2,042
3.7

55,372
57.5
53,616
55.7
1,757
3.2

55,671
57.7
54,133
56.1
1,538
2.8

55,526
57.5
53,869
55.8
1,657
3.0

55,704
57.7
53,993
55.9
1,711
3.1

55,663
57.6
53,988
55.9
1,675
3.0

56,063
58.0
54,286
56.2
1,776
3.2

4,761
38.7
4,239
34.4
522
11.0

5,768
47.1
5,088
41.6
680
11.8

4,962
40.5
4,389
35.9
573
11.5

4,447
36.1
3,945
32.1
501
11.3

4,427
36.1
3,915
31.9
512
11.6

4,482
36.6
3,972
32.4
510
11.4

4,612
37.7
4,123
33.7
489
10.6

4,687
38.3
4,151
33.9
536
11.4

4,636
37.9
4,091
33.4
545
11.8

32,810
20,452
62.3
19,114
58.3
1,338
6.5
12,358

33,045
20,942
63.4
19,622
59.4
1,319
6.3
12,103

33,081
20,645
62.4
19,503
59.0
1,143
5.5
12,435

32,810
20,384
62.1
19,108
58.2
1,276
6.3
12,426

32,955
20,589
62.5
19,219
58.3
1,370
6.7
12,366

32,984
20,562
62.3
19,280
58.5
1,282
6.2
12,421

33,014
20,430
61.9
19,199
58.2
1,231
6.0
12,584

33,045
20,714
62.7
19,481
59.0
1,233
6.0
12,331

33,081
20,588
62.2
19,463
58.8
1,125
5.5
12,492

9,431
68.6
8,884
64.6
546
5.8

9,600
69.1
9,061
65.3
540
5.6

9,546
68.7
9,005
64.8
540
5.7

9,394
68.3
8,828
64.2
565
6.0

9,456
68.3
8,811
63.7
645
6.8

9,422
68.0
8,833
63.8
589
6.3

9,303
67.1
8,768
63.2
535
5.8

9,502
68.4
8,953
64.5
549
5.8

9,490
68.3
8,931
64.2
559
5.9

10,345
62.4
9,690
58.5
655
6.3

10,388
62.2
9,800
58.7
588
5.7

10,346
61.9
9,858
59.0
488
4.7

10,356
62.5
9,769
59.0
587
5.7

10,411
62.5
9,859
59.2
552
5.3

10,469
62.8
9,934
59.6
535
5.1

10,396
62.3
9,846
59.0
550
5.3

10,421
62.4
9,877
59.2
544
5.2

10,379
62.1
9,926
59.4
453
4.4

676
27.1
539
21.6
137
20.3

954
38.8
762
31.0
192
20.1

753
30.6
639
26.0
114
15.2

634
25.4
510
20.5
124
19.5

722
29.2
549
22.2
173
24.0

671
27.2
513
20.8
158
23.5

731
29.7
586
23.8
145
19.9

790
32.1
650
26.4
140
17.7

719
29.2
605
24.6
113
15.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Aug.
2018
16,093
10,279
63.9
9,967
61.9
312
3.0
5,814

July
2019
16,399
10,519
64.1
10,205
62.2
314
3.0
5,881

Aug.
2019
16,433
10,554
64.2
10,248
62.4
306
2.9
5,879

Aug.
2018
16,093
10,260
63.8
9,951
61.8
309
3.0
5,832

Apr.
2019
16,290
10,180
62.5
9,957
61.1
223
2.2
6,110

May
2019
16,361
10,304
63.0
10,046
61.4
258
2.5
6,058

June
2019
16,557
10,526
63.6
10,303
62.2
222
2.1
6,032

July
2019
16,399
10,449
63.7
10,160
62.0
289
2.8
5,950

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Aug.
2019
16,433
10,524
64.0
10,225
62.2
299
2.8
5,909

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

42,863
28,219
65.8
26,898
62.8
1,322
4.7
14,644

43,537
29,097
66.8
27,733
63.7
1,365
4.7
14,440

43,630
29,065
66.6
27,849
63.8
1,216
4.2
14,565

42,863
28,253
65.9
26,935
62.8
1,317
4.7
14,610

43,289
28,546
65.9
27,348
63.2
1,198
4.2
14,743

43,370
28,689
66.2
27,493
63.4
1,196
4.2
14,681

43,453
28,855
66.4
27,602
63.5
1,253
4.3
14,599

43,537
28,896
66.4
27,581
63.4
1,314
4.5
14,642

43,630
29,082
66.7
27,866
63.9
1,216
4.2
14,548

15,428
79.7
14,899
77.0
528
3.4

15,702
79.9
15,133
77.0
569
3.6

15,726
79.8
15,244
77.4
482
3.1

15,425
79.7
14,852
76.8
574
3.7

15,611
79.9
15,028
76.9
583
3.7

15,731
80.4
15,188
77.6
543
3.4

15,659
79.8
15,093
76.9
566
3.6

15,651
79.6
15,017
76.4
634
4.0

15,718
79.8
15,186
77.1
532
3.4

11,513
58.8
10,902
55.7
611
5.3

11,869
59.7
11,382
57.2
487
4.1

12,034
60.4
11,494
57.7
540
4.5

11,608
59.3
11,025
56.3
582
5.0

11,762
59.5
11,330
57.3
432
3.7

11,810
59.6
11,330
57.2
480
4.1

11,885
59.9
11,382
57.3
503
4.2

11,929
60.0
11,480
57.7
449
3.8

12,113
60.8
11,604
58.2
509
4.2

1,279
32.4
1,097
27.8
182
14.2

1,527
38.3
1,218
30.5
309
20.2

1,305
32.6
1,111
27.8
194
14.9

1,220
30.9
1,058
26.8
161
13.2

1,172
29.5
989
24.9
183
15.6

1,149
28.9
975
24.5
174
15.1

1,310
32.9
1,126
28.3
184
14.0

1,316
33.0
1,084
27.2
232
17.6

1,251
31.3
1,076
26.9
175
14.0

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,307
46.3
9,790
44.0
516
5.0

9,812
46.3
9,358
44.2
455
4.6

10,062
47.3
9,585
45.0
477
4.7

10,310
46.3
9,722
43.7
588
5.7

9,996
45.3
9,460
42.8
536
5.4

9,915
44.6
9,383
42.2
533
5.4

10,025
45.4
9,489
43.0
536
5.3

9,975
47.1
9,466
44.7
509
5.1

10,032
47.1
9,490
44.6
542
5.4

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,344
57.6
34,919
55.4
1,425
3.9

36,303
57.5
35,005
55.5
1,297
3.6

36,554
57.7
35,252
55.6
1,302
3.6

36,132
57.3
34,718
55.1
1,414
3.9

35,901
57.9
34,662
55.9
1,239
3.5

35,781
57.4
34,522
55.4
1,259
3.5

36,120
57.8
34,715
55.6
1,404
3.9

36,286
57.5
34,982
55.4
1,304
3.6

36,318
57.3
35,023
55.3
1,295
3.6

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,930
64.9
35,552
62.5
1,378
3.7

37,213
65.0
35,982
62.8
1,230
3.3

37,404
65.1
36,191
63.0
1,213
3.2

37,296
65.6
35,977
63.2
1,320
3.5

37,290
64.6
36,141
62.6
1,149
3.1

37,614
65.3
36,569
63.5
1,045
2.8

37,200
64.7
36,069
62.7
1,132
3.0

37,222
65.0
36,028
62.9
1,194
3.2

37,710
65.6
36,549
63.6
1,161
3.1

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

57,237
73.5
55,906
71.8
1,331
2.3

58,303
73.0
56,844
71.1
1,459
2.5

58,295
73.2
56,891
71.5
1,405
2.4

57,686
74.1
56,508
72.6
1,178
2.0

58,381
73.9
57,179
72.3
1,202
2.1

58,217
73.8
56,980
72.2
1,237
2.1

58,510
73.8
57,275
72.3
1,235
2.1

58,664
73.4
57,399
71.8
1,265
2.2

58,800
73.9
57,551
72.3
1,249
2.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Aug.
2018

Men
Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Women
Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

19,151
9,388
49.0
9,031
47.2
357
3.8
9,763

18,776
9,196
49.0
8,873
47.3
323
3.5
9,580

17,283
8,250
47.7
7,944
46.0
307
3.7
9,033

16,890
8,110
48.0
7,821
46.3
289
3.6
8,780

1,868
1,138
60.9
1,087
58.2
51
4.5
730

1,886
1,086
57.6
1,052
55.8
34
3.2
800

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,159
3,343
80.4
3,213
77.3
130
3.9
816

4,360
3,478
79.8
3,339
76.6
140
4.0
881

3,420
2,804
82.0
2,698
78.9
106
3.8
615

3,619
2,989
82.6
2,866
79.2
123
4.1
631

740
539
72.9
515
69.6
24
4.4
201

740
490
66.2
473
63.9
17
3.4
251

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,099
2,449
79.0
2,373
76.6
76
3.1
649

3,059
2,336
76.4
2,257
73.8
80
3.4
723

2,639
2,122
80.4
2,056
77.9
66
3.1
517

2,567
1,998
77.8
1,927
75.1
71
3.6
569

459
327
71.2
317
69.1
10
3.0
132

493
338
68.6
330
67.0
8
2.5
155

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,573
1,551
20.5
1,481
19.6
71
4.6
6,022

7,162
1,429
19.9
1,387
19.4
41
2.9
5,733

7,315
1,508
20.6
1,440
19.7
68
4.5
5,807

6,915
1,380
20.0
1,345
19.4
35
2.6
5,535

258
44
16.9
41
15.7
3
–
214

247
49
19.8
43
17.4
6
–
198

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,320
2,044
47.3
1,963
45.4
81
4.0
2,276

4,195
1,953
46.6
1,890
45.1
63
3.2
2,242

3,909
1,816
46.5
1,749
44.7
67
3.7
2,093

3,789
1,744
46.0
1,684
44.4
59
3.4
2,045

411
228
55.5
214
52.1
14
6.2
183

406
209
51.5
206
50.8
3
1.5
197

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

230,011
150,271
65.3
144,538
62.8
5,733
3.8
79,740

232,023
152,502
65.7
146,893
63.3
5,609
3.7
79,520

103,000
76,886
74.6
74,183
72.0
2,702
3.5
26,114

104,201
77,872
74.7
75,226
72.2
2,646
3.4
26,329

127,012
73,386
57.8
70,355
55.4
3,031
4.1
53,626

127,821
74,630
58.4
71,667
56.1
2,963
4.0
53,191

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

Persons with no disability
Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

29,823
6,207
20.8
5,713
19.2
494
8.0
23,616

30,067
6,413
21.3
5,954
19.8
459
7.2
23,654

228,243
155,702
68.2
149,826
65.6
5,876
3.8
72,540

229,365
157,606
68.7
151,862
66.2
5,743
3.6
71,759

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,651
35.1
2,429
32.2
222
8.4
4,896

2,700
36.4
2,506
33.8
194
7.2
4,713

77,953
82.8
75,207
79.9
2,746
3.5
16,221

78,432
83.3
75,717
80.4
2,714
3.5
15,756

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,377
31.0
2,172
28.3
205
8.6
5,291

2,509
33.0
2,303
30.3
206
8.2
5,097

68,862
70.9
66,043
68.0
2,819
4.1
28,314

69,635
71.8
66,881
68.9
2,754
4.0
27,398

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,179
8.1
1,112
7.6
67
5.7
13,429

1,204
8.0
1,145
7.6
59
4.9
13,843

8,887
24.1
8,576
23.2
311
3.5
28,006

9,539
25.0
9,264
24.3
275
2.9
28,605

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Aug.
2018

Men
Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Women
Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

42,695
28,053
65.7
27,110
63.5
943
3.4
14,642

42,764
28,153
65.8
27,272
63.8
881
3.1
14,611

20,671
16,140
78.1
15,716
76.0
424
2.6
4,532

20,498
15,912
77.6
15,524
75.7
388
2.4
4,586

22,023
11,914
54.1
11,395
51.7
519
4.4
10,110

22,266
12,241
55.0
11,747
52.8
493
4.0
10,025

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

215,371
133,856
62.2
128,429
59.6
5,427
4.1
81,515

216,668
135,866
62.7
130,545
60.3
5,322
3.9
80,802

104,145
70,073
67.3
67,346
64.7
2,726
3.9
34,072

104,983
71,242
67.9
68,552
65.3
2,690
3.8
33,741

111,226
63,783
57.3
61,082
54.9
2,701
4.2
47,443

111,685
64,624
57.9
61,992
55.5
2,632
4.1
47,061

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

2,465
1,660
789
17
153,074
144,183
20,218
123,965
782
123,183
8,812
79

2,569
1,707
821
42
155,816
146,774
20,006
126,768
808
125,960
8,995
46

2,501
1,665
817
19
155,315
146,376
20,362
126,014
869
125,145
8,863
76

2,346
1,534
771
–
153,376
144,380
20,785
123,584
–
122,806
8,872
–

2,394
1,687
690
–
154,271
145,675
20,831
124,892
–
124,075
8,569
–

2,432
1,724
690
–
154,314
145,590
20,730
124,870
–
124,064
8,711
–

2,320
1,482
778
–
154,725
145,906
20,952
124,901
–
124,115
8,766
–

2,402
1,577
779
–
154,904
145,880
20,823
125,012
–
124,224
8,945
–

2,400
1,560
789
–
155,528
146,480
20,913
125,602
–
124,745
8,891
–

4,319
2,521
1,268
19,991

4,102
2,387
1,374
20,038

4,316
2,623
1,252
20,138

4,368
2,581
1,377
21,803

4,654
2,891
1,446
21,322

4,355
2,646
1,339
21,366

4,347
2,707
1,337
21,524

3,984
2,385
1,364
21,437

4,381
2,678
1,351
21,697

4,263
2,492
1,263
19,653

4,017
2,329
1,354
19,656

4,237
2,560
1,242
19,727

4,311
2,546
1,367
21,501

4,589
2,865
1,437
20,985

4,241
2,565
1,333
21,038

4,258
2,669
1,326
21,188

3,878
2,323
1,350
21,049

4,295
2,634
1,337
21,322

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

155,539
5,250
1,971
3,280
150,289
14,122
136,167
99,902
35,200
32,568
32,134
36,265

158,385
6,409
2,154
4,254
151,976
14,787
137,189
99,911
35,369
32,904
31,638
37,278

157,816
5,560
2,050
3,510
152,256
14,337
137,918
100,626
35,806
33,062
31,759
37,292

155,604
4,892
1,776
3,118
150,712
13,829
136,816
100,328
35,352
32,655
32,322
36,489

156,645
4,938
1,723
3,198
151,707
14,192
137,481
100,687
35,582
32,918
32,187
36,794

156,758
5,011
1,704
3,294
151,747
14,303
137,369
100,636
35,616
32,961
32,059
36,733

157,005
5,148
1,756
3,398
151,857
14,291
137,547
100,665
35,708
32,973
31,985
36,882

157,288
5,239
1,704
3,559
152,050
14,233
137,837
100,373
35,486
33,044
31,842
37,464

157,878
5,184
1,835
3,360
152,694
14,057
138,508
101,042
35,937
33,149
31,956
37,467

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

83,062
2,653
935
1,718
80,409
7,227
73,182
53,638
19,020
17,692
16,927
19,543

84,798
3,237
1,115
2,123
81,561
7,620
73,941
53,775
19,143
17,842
16,789
20,166

84,077
2,804
1,029
1,775
81,272
7,332
73,941
53,774
19,213
17,805
16,756
20,167

82,565
2,416
813
1,605
80,149
6,987
73,099
53,605
19,011
17,643
16,952
19,494

82,959
2,383
893
1,486
80,576
7,203
73,379
53,813
19,186
17,768
16,859
19,566

83,192
2,426
841
1,590
80,766
7,285
73,477
53,727
19,181
17,753
16,793
19,750

83,293
2,575
896
1,681
80,718
7,279
73,430
53,630
19,009
17,792
16,829
19,800

83,584
2,603
855
1,762
80,981
7,228
73,761
53,688
19,088
17,790
16,810
20,073

83,600
2,561
894
1,657
81,039
7,099
73,827
53,749
19,194
17,764
16,791
20,078

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72,477
2,597
1,036
1,561
69,880
6,895
62,985
46,264
16,180
14,876
15,207
16,722

73,587
3,172
1,040
2,132
70,415
7,168
63,248
46,136
16,225
15,062
14,848
17,112

73,740
2,756
1,021
1,735
70,983
7,006
63,978
46,852
16,593
15,257
15,003
17,125

73,039
2,476
962
1,513
70,563
6,842
63,718
46,723
16,341
15,012
15,369
16,995

73,687
2,555
830
1,712
71,131
6,989
64,102
46,874
16,396
15,150
15,327
17,228

73,566
2,585
863
1,704
70,981
7,018
63,891
46,908
16,434
15,208
15,266
16,983

73,712
2,573
860
1,718
71,139
7,012
64,117
47,035
16,698
15,181
15,156
17,082

73,705
2,636
849
1,797
71,069
7,005
64,076
46,685
16,398
15,254
15,032
17,392

74,278
2,623
941
1,703
71,655
6,958
64,682
47,293
16,743
15,385
15,165
17,389

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,882
35,542
9,806

45,868
35,338
9,661

46,259
35,829
9,822

45,876
36,066
–

45,734
36,206
–

45,789
35,971
–

45,681
36,013
–

46,005
36,110
–

46,215
36,366
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

129,975
25,564

132,153
26,232

132,156
25,660

128,649
26,912

129,778
26,915

129,695
26,981

130,148
26,807

130,429
26,861

130,789
26,974

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,540
4.8

8,310
5.2

8,038
5.1

7,924
5.1

7,798
5.0

7,855
5.0

8,156
5.2

8,389
5.3

8,373
5.3

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,768
9,601

6,225
9,816

6,149
9,681

–
9,644

–
9,259

–
9,401

–
9,544

–
9,724

–
9,681

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,197
712
272
427
5,485
1,013
4,451
3,327
1,512
963
852
1,148

6,063
770
312
438
5,293
1,032
4,268
3,225
1,377
963
885
1,052

6,044
747
273
459
5,297
1,065
4,207
3,210
1,348
944
917
1,018

3.8
12.7
13.3
12.0
3.5
6.8
3.2
3.2
4.1
2.9
2.6
3.0

3.6
13.0
13.7
12.4
3.2
6.5
2.9
3.0
3.9
2.7
2.5
2.6

3.6
12.7
14.1
11.9
3.3
7.0
2.9
2.9
3.5
2.6
2.5
2.7

3.7
12.7
14.6
11.5
3.3
6.3
3.0
3.0
3.6
2.8
2.7
3.0

3.7
12.8
15.5
10.9
3.4
6.8
3.0
3.1
3.7
2.8
2.7
2.7

3.7
12.6
12.9
12.0
3.4
7.0
2.9
3.1
3.6
2.8
2.8
2.6

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,303
407
147
262
2,895
570
2,307
1,710
811
473
427
596

3,221
407
155
235
2,814
591
2,221
1,705
737
484
483
517

3,233
403
150
254
2,830
607
2,199
1,709
734
470
506
490

3.8
14.4
15.3
14.0
3.5
7.5
3.1
3.1
4.1
2.6
2.5
3.0

3.7
15.1
12.5
16.6
3.4
7.7
2.9
3.1
3.6
2.7
2.8
2.6

3.7
13.9
15.5
12.8
3.3
8.3
2.8
2.9
3.4
2.6
2.6
2.6

3.7
13.5
14.0
12.9
3.3
7.4
2.9
3.0
3.6
2.4
2.8
2.7

3.7
13.5
15.3
11.8
3.4
7.6
2.9
3.1
3.7
2.6
2.8
2.5

3.7
13.6
14.4
13.3
3.4
7.9
2.9
3.1
3.7
2.6
2.9
2.4

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,895
305
125
165
2,590
442
2,145
1,617
701
491
425
536

2,841
363
157
203
2,479
440
2,047
1,521
639
480
402
513

2,812
344
123
205
2,468
458
2,007
1,501
615
475
411
503

3.8
11.0
11.5
9.9
3.5
6.1
3.3
3.3
4.1
3.2
2.7
3.1

3.4
11.0
15.0
8.3
3.1
5.3
2.9
3.0
4.2
2.6
2.2
2.6

3.5
11.5
12.6
11.0
3.2
5.6
2.9
2.9
3.6
2.7
2.4
3.1

3.6
12.0
15.2
10.1
3.3
5.2
3.1
3.1
3.5
3.3
2.5
3.3

3.7
12.1
15.7
10.1
3.4
5.9
3.1
3.2
3.8
3.0
2.6
2.9

3.6
11.6
11.6
10.8
3.3
6.2
3.0
3.1
3.5
3.0
2.6
2.8

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

933
916
556

869
816
622

839
831
523

2.0
2.5
5.4

1.8
1.8
4.9

1.7
2.4
4.7

1.8
2.3
5.1

1.9
2.2
6.0

1.8
2.2
5.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,944
1,205

4,872
1,210

4,742
1,251

3.7
4.3

3.5
4.1

3.5
4.2

3.5
4.4

3.6
4.3

3.5
4.4

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2,885
893
1,992
1,337
655
967
1,869
649

2,986
1,050
1,935
1,362
573
877
1,881
813

2,906
863
2,042
1,389
653
865
1,801
631

2,868
855
2,013
1,351
663
866
1,864
586

2,651
717
1,934
1,302
632
737
1,926
530

2,664
869
1,795
1,289
506
803
1,870
599

2,736
801
1,935
1,358
577
888
1,868
541

2,798
836
1,963
1,361
602
833
1,810
595

2,876
817
2,059
1,397
661
781
1,801
574

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

45.3
14.0
31.3
15.2
29.3
10.2

45.5
16.0
29.5
13.4
28.7
12.4

46.8
13.9
32.9
13.9
29.0
10.2

46.4
13.8
32.6
14.0
30.1
9.5

45.4
12.3
33.1
12.6
33.0
9.1

44.9
14.6
30.2
13.5
31.5
10.1

45.3
13.3
32.1
14.7
31.0
9.0

46.4
13.8
32.5
13.8
30.0
9.9

47.7
13.6
34.1
12.9
29.9
9.5

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

1.8
0.6
1.2
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.1
0.5

1.8
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.6
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.1
0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Aug.
2019

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,183
2,037
2,149
809
1,341

2,387
2,164
2,005
773
1,232

2,216
2,009
1,978
708
1,270

2,199
1,722
2,247
927
1,320

1,904
1,842
2,084
854
1,230

2,147
1,559
2,097
799
1,298

1,961
1,830
2,182
769
1,414

2,201
1,797
2,071
905
1,166

2,207
1,757
2,078
835
1,243

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22.2
9.0

18.7
7.9

21.7
8.6

22.6
9.2

22.9
9.4

24.1
9.1

22.2
9.6

19.6
8.9

22.1
8.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34.3
32.0
33.7
12.7
21.0

36.4
33.0
30.6
11.8
18.8

35.7
32.4
31.9
11.4
20.5

35.7
27.9
36.4
15.0
21.4

32.7
31.6
35.7
14.6
21.1

37.0
26.9
36.1
13.8
22.4

32.8
30.6
36.5
12.9
23.7

36.3
29.6
34.1
14.9
19.2

36.5
29.1
34.4
13.8
20.6

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

155,539
61,593

157,816
63,679

6,370
1,591

6,203
1,476

3.9
2.5

3.8
2.3

25,675
35,918
27,032
33,302
15,786
17,517

26,717
36,962
27,416
33,484
15,777
17,707

534
1,057
1,317
1,320
575
745

506
970
1,178
1,337
625
712

2.0
2.9
4.6
3.8
3.5
4.1

1.9
2.6
4.1
3.8
3.8
3.9

14,685
1,155
8,508
5,021

14,549
1,115
8,415
5,019

579
91
357
131

601
50
398
152

3.8
7.3
4.0
2.5

4.0
4.3
4.5
2.9

18,927
8,694
10,234

18,688
8,861
9,827

887
324
562

955
358
597

4.5
3.6
5.2

4.9
3.9
5.7

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

6,370
4,708
15
328
498
254
244
874
247
94
266
611
743
808
222
126
584
304

6,203
4,566
8
361
512
282
229
799
308
121
217
582
668
728
262
63
659
283

3.9
3.7
1.9
3.4
3.2
2.6
4.3
4.3
3.4
3.5
2.7
3.5
3.1
5.8
3.2
7.2
2.8
3.0

3.8
3.5
1.1
3.6
3.2
2.8
3.9
4.1
4.2
4.7
2.1
3.2
2.7
5.0
3.8
3.8
3.1
2.8

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2018

July
2019

Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Apr.
2019

May
2019

June
2019

July
2019

Aug.
2019

1.3

1.2

1.2

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.8

3.9

4.0

3.8

3.8

3.6

3.6

3.7

3.7

3.7

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.1

3.9

3.8

3.9

3.9

4.0

4.8

4.8

4.7

4.7

4.4

4.4

4.6

4.6

4.6

7.4

7.3

7.3

7.4

7.3

7.1

7.2

7.0

7.2

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Aug.
2018

Men
Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Women
Aug.
2019

Aug.
2018

Aug.
2019

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

96,157
5,534
1,443
434
1,009

95,413
5,331
1,564
467
1,097

38,604
2,568
783
279
504

38,326
2,353
843
315
528

57,553
2,966
660
155
505

57,087
2,978
721
152
569

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,540
4.8
4,338
1,784
294
1,061

8,038
5.1
4,581
1,957
335
1,122

3,639
4.4
2,310
586
189
522

3,951
4.7
2,498
675
202
560

3,901
5.4
2,028
1,197
106
539

4,086
5.5
2,083
1,282
134
563

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

149,453
127,949
21,145

152,243
129,800
21,387

151,169
129,890
21,435

151,517
129,894
21,460

149,467
126,973
20,794

151,252
128,723
21,104

151,411
128,854
21,102

151,541
128,950
21,114

Change
from:
July2019 Aug.2019p
130
96
12

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

757
49.5
707.3
148.7
198.5
52.1
42.2

762
47.7
713.9
160.5
199.1
53.0
41.8

763
48.7
714.0
161.6
197.4
52.1
42.1

762
50.3
711.4
161.8
197.4
53.5
41.3

742
48.0
694.0
146.2
194.0
52.1
41.7

756
47.1
708.8
158.9
194.8
53.0
41.3

752
47.4
704.2
159.2
193.5
52.3
41.3

747
48.5
698.6
159.3
193.2
53.5
40.7

-5
1.1
-5.6
0.1
-0.3
1.2
-0.6

104.2
360.1

104.3
354.3

103.2
355.0

102.6
352.2

100.2
353.8

100.5
355.1

99.9
351.5

99.1
346.1

-0.8
-5.4

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,587
1,678.8
831.4
847.4
1,128.4
4,780.1
2,103.4
2,676.7

7,699
1,685.4
850.0
835.4
1,134.0
4,879.9
2,127.1
2,752.8

7,750
1,699.9
856.6
843.3
1,135.1
4,914.8
2,141.9
2,772.9

7,764
1,706.2
863.2
843.0
1,144.1
4,913.5
2,135.2
2,778.3

7,337
1,642.6
812.5
830.1
1,062.6
4,631.6
2,035.4
2,596.2

7,502
1,656.7
833.9
822.8
1,081.7
4,763.4
2,069.8
2,693.6

7,500
1,659.9
837.2
822.7
1,075.3
4,764.9
2,071.4
2,693.5

7,514
1,668.7
844.2
824.5
1,079.7
4,765.6
2,066.7
2,698.9

14
8.8
7.0
1.8
4.4
0.7
-4.7
5.4

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,801

12,926

12,922

12,934

12,715

12,846

12,850

12,853

3

8,002
410.2
420.9
378.4
1,480.3
1,129.3
1,061.8
157.1
84.9

8,116
412.0
422.3
382.3
1,493.3
1,147.5
1,087.3
161.4
86.0

8,092
413.3
421.9
379.3
1,491.2
1,144.2
1,093.2
162.4
86.2

8,096
411.8
423.7
378.6
1,486.4
1,139.0
1,093.1
164.5
86.3

7,973
408.0
414.6
378.4
1,475.3
1,125.7
1,057.1
155.6
84.8

8,067
409.3
416.0
380.8
1,483.1
1,141.5
1,083.0
161.4
85.5

8,069
409.5
416.5
379.8
1,483.3
1,137.6
1,086.0
161.5
85.8

8,069
409.5
417.7
379.0
1,481.6
1,135.9
1,088.3
162.6
86.2

0
0.0
1.2
-0.8
-1.7
-1.7
2.3
1.1
0.4

371.7
414.2

380.3
425.5

382.9
427.9

381.2
427.4

370.1
413.0

378.3
423.9

379.8
425.2

379.8
426.2

0.0
1.0

33.9
402.3
1,711.5
995.9
396.5

34.1
403.4
1,750.4
1,002.3
395.7

33.8
406.4
1,727.4
976.1
395.4

33.7
404.9
1,743.3
993.3
395.6

33.6
400.8
1,710.0
995.9
393.1

33.8
402.6
1,741.0
996.4
391.8

33.7
403.4
1,742.1
994.9
392.8

33.4
403.6
1,742.8
995.0
392.3

-0.3
0.2
0.7
0.1
-0.5

610.7

621.9

620.1

619.3

609.6

617.7

617.7

618.4

0.7

4,799
1,655.2
113.8
117.1
111.3
368.8
431.3
120.0
843.1
731.3

4,810
1,644.7
112.3
113.5
108.7
371.1
422.3
119.1
860.5
743.9

4,830
1,663.0
111.9
114.5
107.1
371.7
421.4
119.0
862.9
741.4

4,838
1,671.0
112.3
114.3
106.8
371.2
421.2
117.8
859.0
744.5

4,742
1,616.2
113.6
116.0
112.2
368.2
430.2
116.0
840.1
729.3

4,779
1,633.4
112.1
113.8
108.1
369.5
421.3
115.9
856.8
739.3

4,781
1,634.5
111.9
114.0
107.9
370.5
419.9
115.5
858.2
739.2

4,784
1,634.1
112.1
113.4
107.5
370.4
419.8
114.5
857.0
742.6

3
-0.4
0.2
-0.6
-0.4
-0.1
-0.1
-1.0
-1.2
3.4

307.3

313.6

317.4

320.2

300.0

308.8

309.8

312.6

2.8

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

106,804

108,413

108,455

108,434

106,179

107,619

107,752

107,836

84

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,661

27,831

27,801

27,748

27,693

27,815

27,817

27,806

-11

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,893.7
3,177.6
2,160.0

5,963.1
3,226.0
2,184.9

5,971.1
3,231.7
2,183.7

5,967.3
3,232.9
2,178.0

5,868.8
3,163.1
2,153.3

5,934.1
3,214.2
2,170.0

5,941.4
3,217.0
2,171.9

5,944.3
3,219.4
2,172.7

2.9
2.4
0.8

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2019p

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Change
from:
July2019 Aug.2019p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

556.1

552.2

555.7

556.4

552.4

549.9

552.5

552.2

-0.3

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,834.9
2,036.3
1,305.8
165.1
565.4
474.7
485.0

15,775.5
2,062.2
1,311.1
168.3
582.8
481.4
462.7

15,784.1
2,065.2
1,314.6
167.0
583.6
479.0
458.1

15,736.9
2,063.1
1,315.1
164.1
583.9
478.3
455.6

15,830.3
2,024.3
1,300.8
158.4
565.1
479.4
490.0

15,762.8
2,048.8
1,308.2
159.1
581.4
486.2
468.4

15,757.7
2,049.7
1,309.7
158.2
581.8
485.5
463.0

15,746.6
2,050.8
1,310.0
157.7
583.0
484.8
460.1

-11.1
1.1
0.3
-0.5
1.2
-0.7
-2.9

1,304.2
3,103.4
1,051.8
944.8
1,366.9

1,364.8
3,138.4
1,039.4
963.4
1,301.4

1,342.0
3,144.7
1,036.3
966.4
1,318.1

1,316.3
3,136.0
1,036.2
965.8
1,317.0

1,305.3
3,084.9
1,059.7
933.0
1,365.1

1,306.2
3,116.0
1,042.2
952.0
1,324.5

1,307.5
3,120.8
1,043.5
954.4
1,323.5

1,316.6
3,120.2
1,044.6
954.8
1,320.6

9.1
-0.6
1.1
0.4
-2.9

559.0
3,092.3
1,135.8

544.0
2,998.2
1,080.0

545.8
3,011.7
1,088.2

553.6
3,008.4
1,086.2

569.4
3,108.3
1,151.7

557.3
3,048.0
1,115.7

558.0
3,043.1
1,110.6

561.3
3,028.3
1,102.1

3.3
-14.8
-8.5

1,956.5
844.4
572.1

1,918.2
843.5
576.1

1,923.5
844.3
572.5

1,922.2
836.2
570.4

1,956.6
834.8
576.1

1,932.3
834.5
578.7

1,932.5
831.8
576.9

1,926.2
829.3
575.2

-6.3
-2.5
-1.7

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,377.3
505.7
215.8
67.7
1,517.5

5,534.0
522.0
206.0
66.3
1,534.5

5,486.9
523.9
205.1
67.3
1,538.9

5,489.8
524.1
205.1
68.0
1,537.5

5,441.0
502.2
215.1
64.9
1,495.3

5,563.6
518.3
206.2
64.2
1,520.9

5,563.3
519.7
205.3
64.6
1,521.2

5,562.8
521.0
204.7
65.1
1,516.7

-0.5
1.3
-0.6
0.5
-4.5

426.3
48.6
44.1
715.8
696.6
1,139.2

487.4
48.1
44.2
723.9
722.0
1,179.6

422.8
48.4
45.5
723.2
727.8
1,184.0

422.5
47.8
45.1
721.3
733.9
1,184.5

487.2
48.5
33.8
713.8
732.0
1,148.2

492.8
48.1
35.0
724.3
762.8
1,191.0

484.3
48.1
34.5
722.0
769.5
1,194.1

484.3
47.7
34.6
720.2
773.4
1,195.1

0.0
-0.4
0.1
-1.8
3.9
1.0

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

554.9

558.2

558.9

553.8

553.0

554.6

554.1

552.7

-1.4

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,851
737.4

2,837
743.5

2,848
745.8

2,856
748.3

2,826
733.1

2,828
742.7

2,828
741.9

2,828
743.4

0
1.5

451.2
269.8
748.7

440.8
268.2
717.2

446.5
266.3
712.0

449.9
268.9
708.2

436.4
270.4
746.7

433.8
268.8
716.8

434.1
268.4
710.9

432.8
269.4
707.3

-1.3
1.0
-3.6

330.1
314.0

331.6
335.2

338.2
339.0

336.2
344.0

328.8
310.9

331.8
333.8

335.9
336.5

335.0
339.9

-0.9
3.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,646
6,341.3
19.8

8,712
6,353.0
19.4

8,760
6,386.9
19.7

8,760
6,385.3
19.6

8,583
6,318.8
19.7

8,659
6,337.1
19.4

8,679
6,353.0
19.4

8,694
6,360.5
19.5

15
7.5
0.1

2,658.6
1,721.4
1,323.3
630.3
306.9

2,640.5
1,718.9
1,313.8
617.8
303.8

2,648.3
1,721.0
1,315.9
621.7
305.6

2,648.2
1,720.0
1,313.8
623.3
304.9

2,648.0
1,715.3
1,319.3
626.0
306.6

2,631.5
1,710.3
1,308.3
617.0
304.1

2,631.8
1,710.5
1,308.0
617.2
304.2

2,635.5
1,712.8
1,309.2
617.5
305.2

3.7
2.3
1.2
0.3
1.0

968.2
2,694.7
2,304.3
1,688.6
591.8

976.4
2,716.7
2,359.0
1,724.5
610.8

988.5
2,730.4
2,373.4
1,736.8
613.2

983.3
2,734.2
2,375.0
1,741.1
610.3

958.9
2,692.2
2,263.7
1,667.7
572.4

973.9
2,712.3
2,321.5
1,707.7
590.8

978.0
2,723.8
2,325.8
1,712.2
590.8

974.6
2,730.9
2,333.5
1,719.0
591.4

-3.4
7.1
7.7
6.8
0.6

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2019p

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Change
from:
July2019 Aug.2019p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

23.9

23.7

23.4

23.6

23.6

23.0

22.8

23.1

0.3

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,216
9,333.1
1,141.4
964.0
1,503.2
144.8

21,584
9,569.5
1,154.8
1,000.1
1,536.2
149.9

21,604
9,633.5
1,154.1
1,006.0
1,544.4
148.8

21,668
9,626.5
1,147.9
1,003.5
1,541.2
148.4

21,075
9,339.4
1,142.4
1,018.7
1,483.2
144.6

21,451
9,582.3
1,144.1
1,054.7
1,517.5
148.9

21,487
9,615.1
1,144.0
1,059.1
1,520.2
148.9

21,524
9,629.9
1,148.1
1,056.4
1,521.2
148.5

37
14.8
4.1
-2.7
1.0
-0.4

2,140.0

2,208.9

2,236.3

2,243.5

2,130.7

2,211.5

2,223.3

2,233.5

10.2

1,498.1

1,530.1

1,541.4

1,547.2

1,490.9

1,527.4

1,534.5

1,539.3

4.8

702.9
493.6
745.1
2,391.9
9,490.6
9,044.7
518.5
154.9
3,703.9
3,027.6
888.7

734.0
493.1
762.4
2,435.2
9,579.7
9,117.6
534.0
155.9
3,709.6
3,025.7
878.8

741.7
492.3
768.5
2,440.6
9,529.6
9,063.5
534.1
157.1
3,653.5
2,969.8
880.1

738.5
492.6
763.7
2,441.9
9,599.2
9,131.8
533.8
160.5
3,733.8
3,046.6
877.0

697.3
491.0
740.7
2,382.9
9,352.6
8,912.4
517.6
153.8
3,683.9
3,017.0
899.3

727.0
490.6
760.7
2,419.4
9,448.8
8,992.6
530.4
156.9
3,706.3
3,029.4
894.6

730.5
490.0
764.5
2,421.0
9,450.5
8,992.6
532.0
157.6
3,704.4
3,021.5
894.2

732.6
490.2
760.1
2,431.3
9,462.6
9,001.5
532.5
158.9
3,715.5
3,036.9
888.1

2.1
0.2
-4.4
10.3
12.1
8.9
0.5
1.3
11.1
15.4
-6.1

221.7
953.4
2,275.2
328.4

219.0
954.3
2,322.5
343.5

218.1
953.6
2,327.8
339.2

216.1
956.4
2,313.9
340.3

219.6
948.4
2,163.6
326.2

215.2
953.7
2,198.1
337.5

214.6
953.1
2,199.5
337.4

214.2
952.3
2,202.1
338.0

-0.4
-0.8
2.6
0.6

445.9

462.1

466.1

467.4

440.2

456.2

457.9

461.1

3.2

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,444
3,454.1
19,990.0
16,069.7
7,532.5
2,624.7
962.4
937.4
938.9
279.6
1,482.5

24,032
3,581.8
20,450.0
16,401.1
7,756.3
2,684.0
984.0
970.0
969.9
291.3
1,544.3

23,944
3,489.5
20,454.2
16,431.2
7,770.1
2,687.8
984.6
972.4
973.1
292.4
1,546.7

24,021
3,498.4
20,523.0
16,462.1
7,787.1
2,687.1
989.0
973.7
972.6
292.2
1,558.7

23,754
3,761.7
19,992.2
16,044.6
7,525.5
2,623.6
958.8
934.1
938.3
280.3
1,481.8

24,224
3,787.9
20,436.5
16,383.4
7,746.4
2,684.4
981.6
966.5
970.1
290.6
1,541.6

24,295
3,811.7
20,483.5
16,412.8
7,769.6
2,685.6
985.1
972.5
972.7
291.7
1,549.3

24,327
3,806.3
20,520.3
16,436.7
7,781.7
2,687.5
986.7
971.3
973.4
292.6
1,556.1

32
-5.4
36.8
23.9
12.1
1.9
1.6
-1.2
0.7
0.9
6.8

307.0
5,158.5
3,378.7
1,613.0
647.8

312.8
5,243.1
3,401.7
1,609.4
655.7

313.1
5,248.2
3,412.9
1,613.6
657.3

313.8
5,256.0
3,419.0
1,616.8
655.8

308.7
5,155.8
3,363.3
1,605.2
646.2

311.6
5,242.8
3,394.2
1,607.7
653.2

312.7
5,244.4
3,398.8
1,608.7
654.3

313.9
5,253.2
3,401.8
1,608.6
654.2

1.2
8.8
3.0
-0.1
-0.1

950.7
167.2
3,920.3
2,473.5
176.5
335.2
935.1

967.1
169.5
4,048.9
2,565.0
178.8
330.7
974.4

970.7
171.3
4,023.0
2,572.7
178.6
332.0
939.7

975.0
171.4
4,060.9
2,589.6
178.7
329.2
963.4

946.6
165.3
3,947.6
2,474.4
176.6
330.8
965.9

964.6
168.6
4,053.1
2,557.4
178.8
327.2
989.7

966.6
169.2
4,070.7
2,569.9
178.6
325.9
996.3

969.4
169.5
4,083.6
2,587.0
178.3
325.0
993.3

2.8
0.3
12.9
17.1
-0.3
-0.9
-3.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,096
2,697.6
526.4

17,403
2,753.5
553.2

17,478
2,818.4
538.2

17,398
2,743.7
533.7

16,395
2,391.6
499.1

16,703
2,447.4
517.3

16,700
2,445.0
510.3

16,712
2,444.3
509.5

12
-0.7
-0.8

182.6

190.8

193.5

187.4

170.1

174.9

174.8

175.0

0.2

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Change
from:
July2019 Aug.2019p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,988.6
14,398.1
2,180.5
12,217.6

2,009.5
14,649.0
2,172.8
12,476.2

2,086.7
14,659.5
2,220.1
12,439.4

2,022.6
14,654.0
2,202.6
12,451.4

1,722.4
14,003.0
2,036.9
11,966.1

1,755.2
14,255.5
2,066.2
12,189.3

1,759.9
14,255.1
2,058.8
12,196.3

1,759.8
14,267.3
2,059.1
12,208.2

-0.1
12.2
0.3
11.9

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,890
1,332.4
1,519.9
3,037.8

6,014
1,368.4
1,549.4
3,096.0

6,020
1,372.0
1,543.2
3,104.5

5,983
1,367.6
1,540.4
3,074.8

5,853
1,331.4
1,513.6
3,008.1

5,939
1,358.9
1,532.8
3,047.3

5,946
1,364.9
1,533.4
3,047.6

5,945
1,365.5
1,534.6
3,045.1

-1
0.6
1.2
-2.5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

21,504
2,805.0
2,201.2
603.9
4,915.0
2,202.9
2,712.1
13,784.0
7,084.6
6,699.6

22,443
2,832.0
2,225.3
606.4
4,906.0
2,188.9
2,717.0
14,705.0
7,941.7
6,763.3

21,279
2,834.0
2,227.1
607.3
4,843.0
2,123.9
2,719.5
13,602.0
6,786.8
6,815.4

21,623
2,855.0
2,250.7
604.7
4,916.0
2,197.8
2,718.4
13,852.0
7,102.0
6,749.8

22,494
2,796.0
2,190.1
605.8
5,190.0
2,495.2
2,694.5
14,508.0
7,993.4
6,515.0

22,529
2,817.0
2,208.3
608.9
5,165.0
2,466.9
2,698.0
14,547.0
7,978.2
6,568.8

22,557
2,819.0
2,210.9
608.5
5,177.0
2,475.9
2,700.7
14,561.0
7,993.4
6,567.2

22,591
2,847.0
2,238.2
608.3
5,183.0
2,482.4
2,700.2
14,561.0
7,994.7
6,565.9

34
28.0
27.3
-0.2
6.0
6.5
-0.5
0.0
1.3
-1.3

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.5
40.5
46.1
39.2
41.0
41.4
40.3
33.3
34.5
39.1
30.9
39.1
42.0
36.1
37.6
36.1
33.0
26.1
31.8

34.4
40.4
46.5
39.3
40.7
41.1
40.0
33.2
34.2
38.9
30.7
38.4
42.6
36.4
37.5
36.2
33.0
25.9
31.8

34.3
40.2
46.3
39.1
40.4
40.9
39.6
33.2
34.2
38.8
30.7
38.2
42.0
36.1
37.5
36.1
33.0
25.8
31.8

34.4
40.4
46.3
39.4
40.6
41.0
39.8
33.3
34.3
38.8
30.8
38.4
42.4
36.3
37.7
36.3
33.0
25.9
31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.5
3.5
3.6

3.4
3.3
3.5

3.3
3.3
3.3

3.2
3.2
3.3

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$27.23
28.33
32.67
30.02
27.11
28.49
24.71
26.97
23.46
30.59
18.87
24.40
40.92
40.04
34.92
32.82
27.13
16.05
24.59

$27.91
28.98
33.75
30.71
27.69
29.16
25.13
27.66
24.23
31.45
19.65
24.85
41.80
41.67
35.96
33.56
27.47
16.55
24.96

$28.00
29.05
34.25
30.72
27.76
29.21
25.23
27.75
24.31
31.48
19.75
25.00
41.65
42.05
36.00
33.71
27.54
16.58
24.98

$28.11
29.13
34.06
30.84
27.83
29.30
25.28
27.86
24.40
31.71
19.75
25.12
41.94
42.37
36.32
33.84
27.58
16.62
25.07

$939.44
1,147.37
1,506.09
1,176.78
1,111.51
1,179.49
995.81
898.10
809.37
1,196.07
583.08
954.04
1,718.64
1,445.44
1,312.99
1,184.80
895.29
418.91
781.96

$960.10
1,170.79
1,569.38
1,206.90
1,126.98
1,198.48
1,005.20
918.31
828.67
1,223.41
603.26
954.24
1,780.68
1,516.79
1,348.50
1,214.87
906.51
428.65
793.73

$960.40
1,167.81
1,585.78
1,201.15
1,121.50
1,194.69
999.11
921.30
831.40
1,221.42
606.33
955.00
1,749.30
1,518.01
1,350.00
1,216.93
908.82
427.76
794.36

$966.98
1,176.85
1,576.98
1,215.10
1,129.90
1,201.30
1,006.14
927.74
836.92
1,230.35
608.30
964.61
1,778.26
1,538.03
1,369.26
1,228.39
910.14
430.46
797.23

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Percent
change
from:
July
2019 Aug.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

110.0
95.9
107.5
99.1
93.8
92.9
95.4
113.8
104.2
101.2
99.3
121.6
100.5
93.2
105.7
119.3
128.0
122.1
107.3

111.1
97.1
110.5
101.6
94.1
93.3
95.4
114.9
103.7
101.8
98.3
122.1
102.2
94.0
106.3
121.8
130.5
123.4
108.9

110.9
96.6
109.4
101.1
93.4
92.9
94.5
115.1
103.7
101.7
98.2
121.5
100.7
93.2
106.6
121.6
130.9
122.9
109.0

111.3
97.2
108.7
102.1
93.9
93.1
95.0
115.5
104.0
101.7
98.5
122.1
101.4
93.8
107.3
122.5
131.1
123.5
109.0

0.4
0.6
-0.6
1.0
0.5
0.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.5
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.0

1

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Percent
change
from:
July
2019 Aug.
2019p

143.1
122.9
141.0
129.3
118.2
117.6
119.6
149.1
131.7
129.5
123.9
150.5
135.9
132.8
144.0
158.5
167.1
158.1
144.6

148.3
127.2
149.7
135.6
121.1
120.9
121.7
154.5
135.5
133.9
127.6
153.9
141.2
139.5
149.2
165.5
172.5
164.8
149.0

148.5
126.9
150.4
134.9
120.6
120.5
121.0
155.2
135.9
133.9
128.2
154.0
138.6
139.6
149.7
166.0
173.4
164.4
149.3

149.6
128.0
148.6
136.8
121.5
121.2
121.9
156.4
136.8
134.9
128.5
155.6
140.5
141.4
152.1
167.9
173.9
165.6
149.8

0.7
0.9
-1.2
1.4
0.7
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.7
0.7
0.2
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.1
0.3
0.7
0.3

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

74,229
61,273
4,602
93
939
3,570
1,894
1,676
56,671
11,113
1,752.4
7,875.2
1,355.7
129.2
1,115
4,856
9,538
18,314
8,620
3,115
12,956

75,381
62,387
4,710
99
973
3,638
1,938
1,700
57,677
11,143
1,786.8
7,816.6
1,406.4
132.8
1,124
4,892
9,774
18,714
8,861
3,169
12,994

75,534
62,507
4,727
100
977
3,650
1,946
1,704
57,780
11,157
1,791.7
7,811.6
1,420.2
133.4
1,130
4,901
9,792
18,767
8,859
3,174
13,027

75,594
62,575
4,728
99
977
3,652
1,950
1,702
57,847
11,149
1,790.2
7,799.0
1,427.0
132.7
1,137
4,903
9,815
18,807
8,859
3,177
13,019

49.7
48.3
22.1
12.5
12.8
28.1
23.8
35.3
53.4
40.1
29.9
49.7
24.9
23.4
39.5
56.6
45.3
77.1
52.6
53.2
57.6

49.8
48.5
22.3
13.1
13.0
28.3
24.0
35.6
53.6
40.1
30.1
49.6
25.3
23.9
39.7
56.5
45.6
77.3
53.1
53.4
57.7

49.9
48.5
22.4
13.3
13.0
28.4
24.1
35.6
53.6
40.1
30.2
49.6
25.5
24.1
40.0
56.5
45.6
77.2
53.0
53.4
57.8

49.9
48.5
22.4
13.3
13.0
28.4
24.2
35.6
53.6
40.1
30.1
49.5
25.7
24.0
40.2
56.4
45.6
77.3
53.0
53.4
57.6

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

104,624
14,934
553
5,467
8,914
5,481
3,433
89,690
23,425
4,710.6
13,523.8
4,747.3
442.9
2,278
6,646
17,199
20,866
14,428
4,848

105,969
15,111
555
5,583
8,973
5,549
3,424
90,858
23,532
4,768.7
13,458.8
4,859.3
444.8
2,279
6,699
17,457
21,283
14,689
4,919

106,077
15,107
550
5,587
8,970
5,548
3,422
90,970
23,541
4,769.0
13,454.9
4,873.1
444.0
2,280
6,714
17,477
21,341
14,695
4,922

106,145
15,119
546
5,597
8,976
5,553
3,423
91,026
23,531
4,774.5
13,434.9
4,878.0
444.0
2,282
6,724
17,492
21,375
14,701
4,921

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.8
41.5
47.0
39.8
42.2
42.6
41.6
32.5
34.0
39.0
30.4
38.4
42.8
35.6
37.1
35.4
32.2
24.9
30.9

33.6
41.2
47.3
39.9
41.7
42.0
41.1
32.4
33.8
38.7
30.3
37.9
42.2
35.5
36.7
35.5
32.2
24.7
30.8

33.5
41.0
47.3
39.6
41.5
41.9
41.0
32.3
33.7
38.6
30.2
37.7
41.9
35.0
36.7
35.4
32.2
24.6
30.8

33.6
41.1
47.2
39.8
41.6
42.0
41.0
32.4
33.8
38.6
30.4
37.8
42.5
35.1
36.8
35.6
32.1
24.6
30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.5
4.6
4.4

4.2
4.2
4.2

4.2
4.2
4.1

4.2
4.2
4.1

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$22.80
24.05
28.51
27.85
21.55
22.55
19.92
22.53
20.00
25.30
16.00
21.90
36.96
32.04
26.95
26.92
23.75
13.94
20.82

$23.43
24.72
29.85
28.46
22.13
23.05
20.61
23.15
20.66
26.17
16.59
22.53
36.73
33.52
27.67
27.71
24.13
14.43
21.20

$23.48
24.73
29.74
28.42
22.19
23.08
20.70
23.22
20.69
26.11
16.64
22.59
36.80
33.52
27.74
27.82
24.22
14.47
21.17

$23.59
24.81
30.04
28.54
22.23
23.11
20.77
23.34
20.81
26.40
16.72
22.62
36.95
33.87
27.87
28.00
24.26
14.53
21.30

$770.64
998.08
1,339.97
1,108.43
909.41
960.63
828.67
732.23
680.00
986.70
486.40
840.96
1,581.89
1,140.62
999.85
952.97
764.75
347.11
643.34

$787.25
1,018.46
1,411.91
1,135.55
922.82
968.10
847.07
750.06
698.31
1,012.78
502.68
853.89
1,550.01
1,189.96
1,015.49
983.71
776.99
356.42
652.96

$786.58
1,013.93
1,406.70
1,125.43
920.89
967.05
848.70
750.01
697.25
1,007.85
502.53
851.64
1,541.92
1,173.20
1,018.06
984.83
779.88
355.96
652.04

$792.62
1,019.69
1,417.89
1,135.89
924.77
970.62
851.57
756.22
703.38
1,019.04
508.29
855.04
1,570.38
1,188.84
1,025.62
996.80
778.75
357.44
656.04

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Percent
change
from:
July
2019 Aug.
2019p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

117.8
94.7
138.1
108.9
86.4
87.7
84.1
124.1
111.2
109.0
104.0
137.1
96.9
92.6
116.1
136.1
143.3
131.6
105.1

118.6
95.1
139.5
111.5
85.9
87.6
82.9
125.4
111.1
109.5
103.2
138.5
96.0
92.3
115.7
138.6
146.1
132.9
106.3

118.4
94.7
138.2
110.8
85.5
87.3
82.7
125.1
110.8
109.3
102.8
138.2
95.1
91.1
116.0
138.3
146.5
132.4
106.3

118.8
95.0
136.9
111.5
85.7
87.6
82.7
125.6
111.1
109.4
103.4
138.7
96.5
91.4
116.5
139.2
146.3
132.5
106.3

0.3
0.3
-0.9
0.6
0.2
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.3
0.1
0.6
0.4
1.5
0.3
0.4
0.7
-0.1
0.1
0.0

1

Aug.
2018

June
2019

July
2019p

Aug.
2019p

Percent
change
from:
July
2019 Aug.
2019p

179.5
139.5
229.0
163.8
121.7
123.5
118.4
191.8
158.8
162.8
142.6
190.4
149.6
146.8
192.5
217.9
224.6
208.3
159.4

185.7
144.0
242.2
171.4
124.3
126.0
120.8
199.0
163.8
169.2
146.7
197.9
147.2
153.2
197.0
228.3
232.7
217.8
164.1

185.8
143.3
239.1
170.0
124.0
125.8
120.9
199.3
163.6
168.4
146.6
198.0
146.1
151.1
198.0
228.9
234.2
217.6
164.0

187.3
144.3
239.3
171.9
124.6
126.4
121.4
201.0
165.0
170.4
148.1
199.0
148.8
153.3
199.7
231.8
234.3
218.6
165.0

0.8
0.7
0.1
1.1
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.9
0.9
1.2
1.0
0.5
1.8
1.5
0.9
1.3
0.0
0.5
0.6

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2018 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.