Full text of The Employment Situation : August 2000

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Technical information:
USDL 00-252
Household data: (202) 691-6378

Establishment data:
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Transmission of material in this release is
embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Friday, September 1, 2000.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

AUGUST 2000

Total nonfarm employment fell by 105,000 in August, while the
unemployment rate was essentially unchanged, the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. A further decline in the
number of temporary census workers (down 158,000 in August) and a strike in
the communications industry contributed to the over-the-month employment
drop, but manufacturing employment also declined. Private-sector
employment edged up by 17,000, although the gain would have been 102,000
had it not been for strike effects. Job gains were strong in the services
industry.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The unemployment rate (4.1 percent) remained in the narrow range of 3.9
to 4.1 percent that has held since October 1999. The rates for most major
worker groups--adult men (3.2 percent), adult women (3.8 percent), whites
(3.6 percent), blacks (8.0 percent), and Hispanics (5.7 percent)--showed
little or no change in August. The teenage unemployment rate has edged up
over the past 2 months to 14.4 percent. The number of unemployed persons
was essentially unchanged at 5.8 million. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment was little changed at 134.9 million, seasonally
adjusted, in August. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of the
population age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.3 percent, about unchanged
from July. The civilian labor force rose in August to 140.7 million;
however, the labor force participation rate, at 67.0 percent, was
essentially unchanged. (See table A-1.)
In August, the proportion of the employed with more than one job
(multiple jobholders) was 5.2 percent, not seasonally adjusted, compared
with 5.4 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.1 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in August, about the same number as a year
earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for
a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as
unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the
4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was
205,000 in August, down from 265,000 a year earlier. Discouraged workers,
a subset of the marginally attached, were not currently looking for work
specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See
table A-10.)

- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
|
Quarterly
|
Monthly data
|
|
averages
|
|
|_________________|__________________________| JulyCategory
|
2000
|
2000
| Aug.
|_________________|__________________________|change
|
I
| II
| June | July | Aug. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA
|
Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,981| 140,827| 140,762| 140,399| 140,742|
343
Employment..........| 135,247| 135,200| 135,179| 134,749| 134,912|
163
Unemployment........|
5,733|
5,627|
5,583|
5,650|
5,829|
179
Not in labor force....| 67,933| 68,550| 68,781| 69,329| 69,193|
-136
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........|
4.1|
4.0|
4.0|
4.0|
4.1|
0.1
Adult men...........|
3.3|
3.3|
3.2|
3.2|
3.2|
.0
Adult women.........|
3.6|
3.7|
3.8|
3.7|
3.8|
.1
Teenagers...........|
13.4|
12.3|
11.6|
13.4|
14.4|
1.0
White...............|
3.5|
3.4|
3.4|
3.5|
3.6|
.1
Black...............|
7.8|
7.7|
7.9|
7.7|
8.0|
.3
Hispanic origin.....|
5.9|
5.6|
5.6|
5.6|
5.7|
.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
|
Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 130,626| 131,552| 131,647|p131,596|p131,491| p-105
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,680| 25,703| 25,700| p25,756| p25,677|
p-79
Construction......|
6,665|
6,676|
6,668| p6,673| p6,673|
p0
Manufacturing.....| 18,481| 18,488| 18,493| p18,544| p18,465|
p-79
Service-producing 1/| 104,946| 105,849| 105,947|p105,840|p105,814|
p-26
Retail trade......| 22,993| 23,128| 23,122| p23,196| p23,161|
p-35
Services..........| 39,949| 40,272| 40,401| p40,412| p40,572|
p160
Government........| 20,431| 20,827| 20,802| p20,587| p20,465| p-122
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
34.5|
34.5|
34.5|
p34.4|
p34.3| p-0.1
Manufacturing.......|
41.7|
41.7|
41.6|
p41.7|
p41.3|
p-.4
Overtime..........|
4.6|
4.7|
4.6|
p4.6|
p4.5|
p-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
150.7|
151.2|
151.3| p151.4| p150.9| p-0.5
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| $13.54| $13.67| $13.70| p$13.76| p$13.80| p$0.04
Avg. weekly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| 467.47| 471.50| 472.65| p473.34| p473.34|
p.00
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.

- 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment declined by 105,000 to 131.5 million
in August, seasonally adjusted. In the public sector, 158,000 temporary
workers completed their work on Census 2000 and left federal payrolls. In
the private sector, employment edged up by 17,000, as a strike in the
communications industry kept 87,000 workers off payrolls. Adjusted for the
net strike impact over the month (85,000, which also reflects the return of
a small number of strikers in hospitals), private-sector employment was up
by 102,000 in August. (See table B-1.)
Employment in manufacturing fell by 79,000 in August, more than
offsetting a large increase in July, after seasonal adjustment. In 1999,
monthly job losses in this industry averaged 18,000; over the first 8
months of 2000, losses have averaged 2,000 per month. Manufacturing job
losses in August were widespread. Employment fell in industries sensitive
to construction trends, such as lumber (5,000), furniture (8,000), and
stone, clay, and glass products (4,000). Employment also fell in motor
vehicles (13,000) and in rubber and plastics (8,000). Apparel employment
continued its long-term decline with a drop of 10,000 in August. In
contrast to most manufacturing industries, electronic components continued
to grow, adding 4,000 jobs.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, construction employment was
unchanged over the month. Average monthly growth in construction thus far
this year has been 15,000, compared with 25,000 per month for all of 1999.
In August, employment in the mining industry held steady for the fourth
consecutive month. This industry had experienced modest growth in the
first part of the year because of expansion in oil and gas extraction.
In the service-producing sector, services industry employment rose by
160,000, seasonally adjusted. This follows an increase of only 11,000 in
July. Thus far this year, the average monthly increase in services
employment has been 108,000, slightly below the monthly average of 124,000
for all of 1999. In August, job gains occurred in social services
(34,000), engineering and management services (28,000), and personnel
supply services (22,000). Employment in all three industries had declined
in July. In social services, the August employment increase resulted from
fewer-than-usual seasonal layoffs in job training services, following weak
summer hiring.
Employment in transportation and public utilities fell by 64,000 in
August, as 87,000 workers in the telephone communications industry were on
strike and thus off company payrolls during the survey reference period.
The striking workers had returned to payrolls by the end of the month.
Transportation employment, especially air transportation, showed continued
strength.
Retail trade employment fell by 35,000, seasonally adjusted, in August,
following 2 months of above-average increases. These movements largely
reflect employment changes in eating and drinking places. Overall, job
growth in the retail trade industry has averaged 32,000 per month since
May, about in line with average monthly growth in all of 1999.
Finance, insurance, and real estate employment rose by 25,000 in
August. Employment in the industry has been trending down for much of the
year except in security brokerages and holding companies, where employment
has continued to grow. Wholesale trade added 10,000 jobs over the month.

- 4 Federal government employment fell in August as more temporary census
workers completed their assignments. As of August, 41,000 temporary census
workers remained on the federal government payroll, down from a peak of
618,000 in May. In local government, employment rose by 23,000.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in August to 34.3 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek fell by 0.4 hour to 41.3
hours. Manufacturing overtime declined by 0.1 hour to 4.5 hours. (See
table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls decreased by 0.3 percent to 150.9
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 1.6
percent to 105.5. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 4 cents in August to $13.80,
seasonally adjusted. Average weekly earnings were unchanged over the month
at $473.34. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.8 percent and
average weekly earnings grew by 3.2 percent. Twelve-month growth rates in
hourly earnings have been in the range of 3.5 to 3.8 percent since January
1999. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for September 2000 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, October 6, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).

- 5 Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall
need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

- 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication
individuals are counted only once, even if
the establishment survey, employees working
appearing on more than one payroll would be
appearance.

of individuals, because
they hold more than one job. In
at more than one job and thus
counted separately for each

Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

- 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the

- 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, sex, and age

Aug.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................
Not in labor force..............................
Persons who currently want a job..............

208,038
140,090
67.3
134,264
64.5
3,525
130,739
5,826
4.2
67,948
4,742

209,727
142,101
67.8
136,097
64.9
3,736
132,361
6,004
4.2
67,626
4,402

209,935
141,425
67.4
135,601
64.6
3,656
131,945
5,824
4.1
68,510
4,441

208,038
139,372
67.0
133,530
64.2
3,234
130,296
5,842
4.2
68,666
4,497

209,216
141,230
67.5
135,706
64.9
3,355
132,351
5,524
3.9
67,986
4,352

209,371
140,489
67.1
134,715
64.3
3,298
131,417
5,774
4.1
68,882
4,412

209,543
140,762
67.2
135,179
64.5
3,321
131,858
5,583
4.0
68,781
4,254

209,727
140,399
66.9
134,749
64.2
3,299
131,450
5,650
4.0
69,329
4,478

209,935
140,742
67.0
134,912
64.3
3,344
131,569
5,829
4.1
69,193
4,213

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

99,863 100,745 100,847
75,190 76,344 76,086
75.3
75.8
75.4
72,348 73,408 73,299
72.4
72.9
72.7
2,842
2,936
2,787
3.8
3.8
3.7

99,863 100,487 100,566 100,654 100,745 100,847
74,499 75,189 74,883 75,120 74,917 75,412
74.6
74.8
74.5
74.6
74.4
74.8
71,436 72,307 71,948 72,217 72,063 72,407
71.5
72.0
71.5
71.7
71.5
71.8
3,063
2,882
2,934
2,903
2,854
3,005
4.1
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.8
4.0

91,692
70,509
76.9
68,210
74.4
2,377
65,833
2,299
3.3

91,692
70,240
76.6
67,768
73.9
2,237
65,531
2,472
3.5

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

92,642
71,138
76.8
68,927
74.4
2,519
66,408
2,211
3.1

92,754
71,324
76.9
69,176
74.6
2,441
66,735
2,148
3.0

92,303
70,761
76.7
68,481
74.2
2,213
66,269
2,280
3.2

92,408
70,603
76.4
68,230
73.8
2,217
66,013
2,373
3.4

92,546
70,714
76.4
68,430
73.9
2,269
66,161
2,284
3.2

92,642
70,702
76.3
68,440
73.9
2,296
66,144
2,263
3.2

92,754
71,067
76.6
68,757
74.1
2,288
66,469
2,309
3.2

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,175 108,983 109,088 108,175 108,729 108,805 108,889 108,983 109,088
Civilian labor force............................ 64,900 65,757 65,339 64,873 66,041 65,606 65,642 65,482 65,330
Participation rate........................
60.0
60.3
59.9
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.3
60.1
59.9
Employed...................................... 61,917 62,689 62,302 62,094 63,399 62,767 62,962 62,686 62,505
Employment-population ratio...............
57.2
57.5
57.1
57.4
58.3
57.7
57.8
57.5
57.3
Unemployed....................................
2,984
3,068
3,037
2,779
2,642
2,839
2,680
2,796
2,824
Unemployment rate.........................
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.0
4.3
4.1
4.3
4.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,285 101,111 101,209 100,285 100,809 100,929 101,007 101,111 101,209
Civilian labor force............................ 60,568 61,015 60,909 60,904 61,920 61,614 61,596 61,508 61,260
Participation rate........................
60.4
60.3
60.2
60.7
61.4
61.0
61.0
60.8
60.5
Employed...................................... 58,093 58,556 58,369 58,648 59,757 59,248 59,278 59,222 58,949
Employment-population ratio...............
57.9
57.9
57.7
58.5
59.3
58.7
58.7
58.6
58.2
Agriculture.................................
840
885
883
780
899
864
834
792
824
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,253 57,670 57,486 57,868 58,858 58,383 58,444 58,430 58,125
Unemployed....................................
2,475
2,459
2,539
2,256
2,163
2,367
2,318
2,286
2,311
Unemployment rate.........................
4.1
4.0
4.2
3.7
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population.............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

16,061
9,014
56.1
7,962
49.6
309
7,653
1,051
11.7

15,974
9,948
62.3
8,614
53.9
332
8,282
1,334
13.4

15,972
9,192
57.6
8,055
50.4
331
7,724
1,137
12.4

16,061
8,228
51.2
7,114
44.3
217
6,897
1,114
13.5

16,104
8,549
53.1
7,467
46.4
243
7,224
1,082
12.7

16,034
8,271
51.6
7,237
45.1
217
7,020
1,034
12.5

15,991
8,452
52.9
7,471
46.7
218
7,253
981
11.6

15,974
8,189
51.3
7,087
44.4
211
6,876
1,101
13.4

15,972
8,415
52.7
7,206
45.1
232
6,974
1,209
14.4

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Aug.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,275 174,443 174,587 173,275 174,092 174,197 174,316 174,443 174,587
Civilian labor force............................ 117,093 118,533 118,018 116,619 117,988 117,097 117,451 117,258 117,551
Participation rate..........................
67.6
67.9
67.6
67.3
67.8
67.2
67.4
67.2
67.3
Employed...................................... 112,846 114,294 113,845 112,308 113,915 112,988 113,484 113,156 113,352
Employment-population ratio.................
65.1
65.5
65.2
64.8
65.4
64.9
65.1
64.9
64.9
Unemployed....................................
4,246
4,240
4,173
4,311
4,073
4,108
3,967
4,103
4,199
Unemployment rate...........................
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

60,063
77.5
58,303
75.2
1,760
2.9

60,325
77.2
58,769
75.2
1,557
2.6

60,512
77.3
58,994
75.4
1,518
2.5

59,932
77.3
58,007
74.8
1,925
3.2

60,048
77.0
58,386
74.9
1,662
2.8

59,882
76.7
58,184
74.6
1,698
2.8

60,074
76.9
58,409
74.8
1,666
2.8

59,950
76.7
58,302
74.6
1,647
2.7

60,358
77.1
58,701
75.0
1,657
2.7

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

49,410
59.5
47,653
57.4
1,757
3.6

49,830
59.6
48,067
57.5
1,763
3.5

49,727
59.4
47,855
57.2
1,872
3.8

49,713
59.9
48,140
58.0
1,573
3.2

50,726
60.8
49,150
58.9
1,576
3.1

50,237
60.2
48,567
58.2
1,670
3.3

50,246
60.2
48,616
58.2
1,630
3.2

50,356
60.2
48,700
58.3
1,656
3.3

50,060
59.8
48,388
57.8
1,673
3.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

7,620
59.8
6,890
54.1
730
9.6
9.7
9.4

8,378
66.0
7,458
58.7
920
11.0
11.7
10.2

7,779
61.3
6,996
55.1
783
10.1
10.6
9.4

6,974
54.8
6,161
48.4
813
11.7
12.3
11.0

7,214
56.7
6,379
50.2
835
11.6
13.0
10.0

6,978
54.9
6,237
49.1
740
10.6
10.7
10.5

7,130
56.1
6,458
50.8
672
9.4
11.2
7.4

6,953
54.7
6,153
48.4
800
11.5
12.6
10.3

7,133
56.2
6,264
49.3
869
12.2
13.3
11.0

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

24,904
16,474
66.2
15,156
60.9
1,318
8.0

25,221
16,808
66.6
15,356
60.9
1,452
8.6

25,258
16,630
65.8
15,269
60.5
1,361
8.2

24,904
16,321
65.5
15,047
60.4
1,274
7.8

25,135
16,636
66.2
15,444
61.4
1,191
7.2

25,161
16,596
66.0
15,261
60.7
1,335
8.0

25,191
16,577
65.8
15,275
60.6
1,302
7.9

25,221
16,456
65.2
15,190
60.2
1,266
7.7

25,258
16,512
65.4
15,190
60.1
1,322
8.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

7,183
72.2
6,760
68.0
424
5.9

7,357
72.8
6,831
67.6
527
7.2

7,337
72.4
6,824
67.4
513
7.0

7,162
72.0
6,714
67.5
448
6.3

7,351
73.0
6,864
68.2
487
6.6

7,261
72.0
6,736
66.8
524
7.2

7,263
72.0
6,761
67.0
502
6.9

7,292
72.1
6,803
67.3
489
6.7

7,337
72.4
6,797
67.1
540
7.4

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

8,239
66.1
7,627
61.1
613
7.4

8,198
64.8
7,622
60.3
576
7.0

8,215
64.9
7,656
60.4
559
6.8

8,241
66.1
7,673
61.5
568
6.9

8,291
65.8
7,807
62.0
484
5.8

8,384
66.5
7,801
61.9
583
7.0

8,347
66.1
7,792
61.7
554
6.6

8,217
65.0
7,691
60.8
525
6.4

8,230
65.0
7,710
60.9
520
6.3

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

1,052
42.3
770
31.0
282
26.8
27.8
25.9

1,252
50.8
904
36.7
349
27.8
28.5
27.2

1,078
43.8
788
32.0
289
26.8
31.8
22.4

918
37.0
660
26.6
258
28.1
29.6
26.7

993
40.2
773
31.3
220
22.2
22.0
22.4

951
38.5
724
29.3
227
23.9
27.7
20.2

967
39.2
722
29.2
245
25.4
32.0
18.2

947
38.4
696
28.2
252
26.6
25.0
27.9

945
38.4
682
27.7
262
27.8
33.7
22.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

21,752
14,843
68.2
13,872
63.8
971
6.5

22,422
15,291
68.2
14,397
64.2
894
5.8

22,488
15,357
68.3
14,458
64.3
899
5.9

21,752
14,710
67.6
13,759
63.3
951
6.5

22,231
15,355
69.1
14,524
65.3
831
5.4

22,292
15,322
68.7
14,432
64.7
890
5.8

22,355
15,325
68.6
14,461
64.7
864
5.6

22,422
15,188
67.7
14,339
64.0
849
5.6

22,488
15,248
67.8
14,371
63.9
876
5.7

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Educational attainment
Aug.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

28,568
12,299
43.1
11,507
40.3
793
6.4

27,888
12,015
43.1
11,279
40.4
736
6.1

28,306
12,456
44.0
11,747
41.5
709
5.7

28,568
12,307
43.1
11,448
40.1
859
7.0

28,069
11,945
42.6
11,218
40.0
727
6.1

28,096
11,815
42.1
10,984
39.1
832
7.0

28,227
12,004
42.5
11,239
39.8
765
6.4

27,888
12,328
44.2
11,544
41.4
784
6.4

28,306
12,441
43.9
11,677
41.3
764
6.1

57,195
36,797
64.3
35,550
62.2
1,247
3.4

57,144
36,380
63.7
35,138
61.5
1,242
3.4

56,882
36,395
64.0
35,097
61.7
1,298
3.6

57,195
36,954
64.6
35,657
62.3
1,297
3.5

58,015
37,666
64.9
36,401
62.7
1,265
3.4

57,746
37,224
64.5
35,895
62.2
1,329
3.6

57,581
36,910
64.1
35,659
61.9
1,251
3.4

57,144
37,018
64.8
35,782
62.6
1,236
3.3

56,882
36,589
64.3
35,238
62.0
1,350
3.7

43,130
31,751
73.6
30,765
71.3
986
3.1

44,724
33,052
73.9
32,093
71.8
959
2.9

44,616
32,980
73.9
32,036
71.8
944
2.9

43,130
31,842
73.8
30,864
71.6
978
3.1

43,896
32,684
74.5
31,843
72.5
841
2.6

44,153
33,065
74.9
32,228
73.0
838
2.5

44,250
33,094
74.8
32,132
72.6
962
2.9

44,724
32,952
73.7
32,029
71.6
923
2.8

44,616
33,175
74.4
32,230
72.2
946
2.9

45,086
35,915
79.7
35,223
78.1
692
1.9

45,549
35,907
78.8
35,219
77.3
688
1.9

45,718
35,827
78.4
35,038
76.6
788
2.2

45,086
36,037
79.9
35,465
78.7
572
1.6

44,864
36,099
80.5
35,545
79.2
553
1.5

45,029
36,011
80.0
35,433
78.7
577
1.6

45,092
35,988
79.8
35,437
78.6
551
1.5

45,549
35,877
78.8
35,254
77.4
623
1.7

45,718
35,903
78.5
35,250
77.1
653
1.8

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
1
and
2
3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
seasonally adjusted columns.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category

Aug.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,264 136,097 135,601 133,530 135,706 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,398 43,241 43,416 43,368 43,272 43,216 43,357 43,284 43,372
Married women, spouse present................... 33,023 33,047 32,912 33,504 33,877 33,786 33,824 33,618 33,413
Women who maintain families.....................
8,332
8,372
8,536
8,335
8,307
8,301
8,280
8,483
8,519
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty...........
Technical, sales, and administrative support....
Service occupations.............................
Precision production, craft, and repair.........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............
Farming, forestry, and fishing..................

40,504
38,998
18,341
14,355
18,231
3,836

40,517
39,474
18,288
15,419
18,558
3,842

40,663
39,104
17,976
15,324
18,722
3,812

40,800
38,874
17,976
14,322
18,089
3,412

40,665
39,680
18,885
14,501
18,453
3,477

40,858
39,537
18,181
14,867
18,020
3,410

41,148
39,270
18,090
14,888
18,430
3,368

40,784
39,239
17,877
15,236
18,296
3,309

40,937
39,026
17,675
15,263
18,592
3,400

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.......................
2,088
2,360
2,253
1,908
2,054
2,006
2,059
2,079
2,056
Self-employed workers.........................
1,379
1,326
1,356
1,266
1,272
1,252
1,175
1,182
1,258
Unpaid family workers.........................
58
50
46
46
43
38
50
40
37
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 121,595 123,543 123,181 121,150 123,623 122,860 123,002 122,681 122,773
Government.................................. 18,646 18,072 18,015 19,114 19,280 19,169 18,777 18,497 18,496
Private industries.......................... 102,949 105,471 105,166 102,036 104,343 103,691 104,225 104,184 104,277
Private households........................
923
857
753
873
1,019
953
957
807
716
Other industries.......................... 102,026 104,614 104,413 101,163 103,324 102,738 103,268 103,377 103,561
Self-employed workers.........................
9,057
8,739
8,658
9,000
8,750
8,714
8,665
8,609
8,590
Unpaid family workers.........................
87
79
105
93
103
82
71
80
116
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

3,238
1,759
1,068
16,455

3,283
1,905
1,018
16,238

3,120
1,844
863
16,052

3,279
1,904
1,057
19,230

3,124
1,844
1,016
18,474

3,248
1,962
978
18,409

3,117
1,811
1,022
18,308

3,071
1,846
900
18,558

3,164
1,997
855
18,709

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

3,102
1,677
1,046
15,870

3,146
1,802
990
15,696

3,005
1,774
843
15,480

3,127
1,813
1,041
18,652

3,021
1,782
989
17,943

3,096
1,840
962
17,853

2,967
1,713
994
17,743

2,940
1,750
881
18,041

3,038
1,924
838
18,190

NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Category
Aug.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Total, 16 years and over.........................
Men, 20 years and over.........................
Women, 20 years and over.......................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................

5,842
2,472
2,256
1,114

5,650
2,263
2,286
1,101

5,829
2,309
2,311
1,209

4.2
3.5
3.7
13.5

3.9
3.2
3.5
12.7

4.1
3.4
3.8
12.5

4.0
3.2
3.8
11.6

4.0
3.2
3.7
13.4

4.1
3.2
3.8
14.4

Married men, spouse present....................
Married women, spouse present..................
Women who maintain families....................

1,009
915
564

878
975
505

899
1,002
546

2.3
2.7
6.3

1.8
2.6
6.3

1.9
2.9
6.5

1.9
2.6
6.1

2.0
2.8
5.6

2.0
2.9
6.0

Full-time workers..............................
Part-time workers..............................

4,712
1,133

4,362
1,257

4,631
1,194

4.1
4.6

3.8
4.6

3.9
5.3

3.8
4.8

3.7
5.3

4.0
5.0

747
1,450
668
1,189
232

789
1,453
557
1,221
201

803
1,634
489
1,270
233

1.8
3.6
4.5
6.2
6.4

1.7
3.3
3.5
6.6
7.0

1.8
3.7
3.4
6.3
5.5

1.6
3.6
3.5
6.1
5.0

1.9
3.6
3.5
6.3
5.7

1.9
4.0
3.1
6.4
6.4

4,523
1,353
25
565
763
445
318
3,170
240
1,304
192
1,434
409
203

4,483
1,230
24
485
721
406
314
3,253
263
1,364
170
1,456
405
156

4,503
1,260
22
531
707
369
338
3,242
255
1,421
194
1,373
449
190

4.2
4.8
4.2
7.6
3.8
3.7
4.1
4.0
3.0
4.8
2.4
4.0
2.1
9.6

4.0
4.3
2.8
5.2
4.0
3.9
4.1
3.9
2.9
4.9
2.6
3.7
1.7
8.4

4.2
4.2
4.2
5.8
3.7
3.6
3.7
4.2
3.2
5.1
2.4
4.1
2.0
7.6

4.0
4.1
3.5
5.9
3.4
3.5
3.1
4.0
2.7
5.2
2.3
3.8
2.5
7.3

4.1
4.3
5.1
5.9
3.6
3.3
4.0
4.1
3.2
5.0
2.1
4.0
2.1
7.0

4.1
4.4
4.6
6.5
3.5
3.1
4.3
4.1
3.1
5.1
2.5
3.8
2.4
8.5

CHARACTERISTIC

OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty..........
Technical, sales, and administrative support...
Precision production, craft, and repair........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries...................
Mining.....................................
Construction...............................
Manufacturing..............................
Durable goods............................
Nondurable goods.........................
Service-producing industries.................
Transportation and public utilities........
Wholesale and retail trade.................
Finance, insurance, and real estate........
Services...................................
Government workers.............................
Agricultural wage and salary workers...........
1 Unemployment as a percent of the
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment
is small relative to the trend-cycle
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000,

civilian labor force.
data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Duration
Aug.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Less than 5 weeks................................
5 to 14 weeks....................................
15 weeks and over................................
15 to 26 weeks................................
27 weeks and over.............................

2,498
1,976
1,352
633
719

2,734
1,970
1,300
590
711

2,513
2,031
1,280
567
713

2,599
1,798
1,463
747
716

2,455
1,868
1,250
670
580

2,531
1,953
1,337
677
660

2,595
1,759
1,242
593
649

2,470
1,812
1,331
654
677

2,594
1,846
1,384
679
705

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................
Median duration, in weeks........................

13.1
6.7

12.9
5.5

12.9
6.5

13.2
6.4

12.4
6.0

12.6
5.8

12.4
5.8

13.3
6.0

13.0
6.2

100.0
42.9
33.9
23.2
10.9
12.3

100.0
45.5
32.8
21.7
9.8
11.8

100.0
43.2
34.9
22.0
9.7
12.2

100.0
44.4
30.7
25.0
12.7
12.2

100.0
44.1
33.5
22.4
12.0
10.4

100.0
43.5
33.5
23.0
11.6
11.3

100.0
46.4
31.4
22.2
10.6
11.6

100.0
44.0
32.3
23.7
11.7
12.1

100.0
44.5
31.7
23.8
11.7
12.1

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................
Less than 5 weeks..............................
5 to 14 weeks..................................
15 weeks and over..............................
15 to 26 weeks...............................
27 weeks and over............................
NOTE:

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason
Aug.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

2,559
784
1,775
1,250
525
866
1,925
477

2,489
887
1,603
1,105
498
843
2,049
623

2,544
843
1,701
1,154
546
856
1,902
522

2,629
893
1,736
(1)
(1)
793
1,942
481

2,306
703
1,602
(1)
(1)
833
1,961
408

2,483
894
1,589
(1)
(1)
774
2,093
500

2,450
959
1,491
(1)
(1)
671
2,076
343

2,417
856
1,561
(1)
(1)
799
1,961
402

2,615
940
1,674
(1)
(1)
782
1,919
514

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

43.9
13.5
30.5
14.9
33.0
8.2

41.5
14.8
26.7
14.0
34.1
10.4

43.7
14.5
29.2
14.7
32.7
9.0

45.0
15.3
29.7
13.6
33.2
8.2

41.9
12.8
29.1
15.1
35.6
7.4

42.4
15.3
27.2
13.2
35.8
8.5

44.2
17.3
26.9
12.1
37.5
6.2

43.3
15.3
28.0
14.3
35.1
7.2

44.8
16.1
28.7
13.4
32.9
8.8

1.8
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.3
.4

1.9
.6
1.4
.3

1.6
.6
1.4
.3

1.8
.6
1.5
.4

1.7
.5
1.5
.2

1.7
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.4

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff.............................
Not on temporary layoff.........................
Permanent job losers..........................
Persons who completed temporary jobs..........
Job leavers.......................................
Reentrants........................................
New entrants......................................
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed..................................
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff............................
Not on temporary layoff........................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................

1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)

Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Measure

Aug.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

.9

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force...................

1.8

1.8

1.8

1.9

1.6

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)......................

4.2

4.2

4.1

4.2

3.9

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....

4.3

4.4

4.3

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................

4.9

5.0

4.9

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers.............................

7.2

7.3

7.0

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Age and sex

Aug.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Total, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years..................................
16 to 19 years................................
16 to 17 years..............................
18 to 19 years..............................
20 to 24 years................................
25 years and over...............................
25 to 54 years................................
55 years and over.............................

5,842
2,139
1,114
526
596
1,025
3,706
3,226
475

5,650
2,066
1,101
515
577
965
3,581
3,158
430

5,829
2,128
1,209
566
644
919
3,700
3,219
486

4.2
9.6
13.5
15.9
12.1
7.3
3.2
3.2
2.7

3.9
9.3
12.7
14.6
11.4
7.2
2.9
3.0
2.4

4.1
9.8
12.5
16.0
10.4
8.2
3.0
3.1
2.4

4.0
9.0
11.6
13.1
10.6
7.5
3.0
3.1
2.3

4.0
9.2
13.4
16.5
11.5
6.8
3.0
3.2
2.4

4.1
9.4
14.4
17.1
12.6
6.4
3.1
3.2
2.6

Men, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

3,063
1,148
591
279
319
557
1,923
1,643
284

2,854
1,117
591
277
310
526
1,747
1,505
243

3,005
1,201
695
283
415
506
1,802
1,541
275

4.1
9.9
13.9
16.2
12.6
7.6
3.1
3.1
2.9

3.8
9.6
13.6
15.8
12.4
7.3
2.7
2.7
2.7

3.9
10.0
13.1
16.9
10.8
8.3
2.8
2.8
2.6

3.9
9.5
14.1
15.6
13.3
6.8
2.8
2.9
2.2

3.8
9.6
14.0
17.4
11.9
7.1
2.8
2.8
2.4

4.0
10.1
16.0
16.9
15.5
6.7
2.8
2.9
2.7

Women, 16 years and over........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

2,779
991
523
247
277
468
1,783
1,583
191

2,796
949
510
238
266
439
1,834
1,653
187

2,824
927
514
283
229
413
1,899
1,678
211

4.3
9.3
13.2
15.6
11.6
7.0
3.3
3.4
2.4

4.0
8.9
11.6
13.3
10.4
7.2
3.0
3.2
2.0

4.3
9.5
11.8
15.0
9.9
8.2
3.3
3.5
2.3

4.1
8.5
8.9
10.4
7.8
8.2
3.2
3.4
2.4

4.3
8.9
12.8
15.5
11.0
6.5
3.3
3.5
2.3

4.3
8.6
12.6
17.3
9.4
6.2
3.5
3.6
2.6

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Total

Men

Women

Category
Aug.
1999

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Aug.
2000

Aug.
1999

Aug.
2000

67,948
4,742
1,134

68,510
4,441
1,095

24,674
1,863
525

24,762
1,759
511

43,275
2,879
609

43,748
2,682
584

265
869

205
890

153
372

122
389

112
497

83
502

Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................
Percent of total employed.....................................

7,298
5.4

7,084
5.2

3,909
5.4

3,845
5.2

3,389
5.5

3,238
5.2

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................

3,992
1,514
332
1,418

3,991
1,398
315
1,336

2,350
499
260
777

2,386
423
227
791

1,641
1,014
72
641

1,606
975
88
546

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force......................................
Persons who currently want a job................................
Searched for work and available to work now(1)...............
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................
Reasons other than discouragement(3)....................
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Aug.
1999

June
2000

July
2000p

Aug.
2000p

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000p

Aug.
2000p

Total1........................ 128,851 132,911 131,513 131,334 129,057 131,419 131,590 131,647 131,596 131,491
Total private.................... 109,845 112,005 112,012 112,061 108,846 110,752 110,578 110,845 111,009 111,026
Goods-producing.........................

25,890

26,060

26,082

26,150

25,430

25,725

25,684

25,700

25,756

25,677

Mining................................
Metal mining........................
Coal mining.........................
Oil and gas extraction..............
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..

535
44.4
84.0
289.7
116.7

546
44.7
79.8
307.2
114.0

547
44.0
79.5
309.3
114.6

550
44.0
80.5
311.7
113.5

526
44
84
286
112

539
45
80
303
111

539
44
80
305
110

539
44
79
306
110

539
43
79
307
110

539
43
80
307
109

Construction..........................
6,764
6,925
7,040
7,048
General building contractors........ 1,514.6 1,546.5 1,572.3 1,573.0
Heavy construction, except building.
941.8
941.7
955.8
960.7
Special trade contractors........... 4,307.1 4,436.9 4,511.4 4,514.3

6,401
1,447
865
4,089

6,694
1,497
899
4,298

6,666
1,497
888
4,281

6,668
1,498
877
4,293

6,673
1,498
881
4,294

6,673
1,503
883
4,287

Manufacturing.........................
Production workers................

18,591
12,769

18,589
12,753

18,495
12,655

18,552
12,723

18,503
12,706

18,492
12,689

18,479
12,682

18,493
12,683

18,544
12,733

18,465
12,660

Durable goods........................
Production workers................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Computer and office equipment.....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Electronic components and
accessories....................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Aircraft and parts................
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

11,110
7,587
841.9
551.0
572.9
697.4

11,187
7,644
834.8
559.8
578.7
701.8

11,108
7,561
831.6
554.4
579.0
692.6

11,129
7,587
830.4
557.8
577.8
693.3

11,097
7,590
829
551
563
699

11,104
7,584
830
557
567
699

11,106
7,584
828
558
566
699

11,120
7,593
827
558
568
699

11,158
7,623
823
565
571
698

11,115
7,589
818
557
567
694

228.1
228.0
226.4
226.6
1,512.8 1,546.2 1,528.1 1,534.0
2,126.0 2,142.0 2,132.1 2,125.7
371.2
363.4
363.3
363.5

(2)
1,515
2,135
370

(2)
1,534
2,126
364

(2)
1,535
2,125
360

(2)
1,540
2,130
360

(2)
1,540
2,137
361

(2)
1,537
2,135
363

1,667.8 1,706.4 1,713.3 1,717.4

1,669

1,691

1,693

1,697

1,718

1,719

638.2
665.9
673.4
676.1
1,888.4 1,874.2 1,835.7 1,845.7
1,030.3 1,037.6 1,003.2 1,016.9
486.4
460.2
458.4
457.1
855.5
847.4
849.7
849.7
396.4
395.8
391.2
396.7

637
1,887
1,026
488
854
395

651
1,859
1,026
461
844
397

654
1,863
1,026
463
845
394

661
1,864
1,030
460
844
393

671
1,860
1,026
460
849
397

675
1,844
1,013
458
848
396

7,481
5,182
1,726.9
36.2
555.8
684.3
669.3
1,551.6
1,034.4
135.4
1,009.4
77.4

7,406
5,116
1,667
36
556
681
667
1,552
1,030
132
1,008
77

7,388
5,105
1,678
37
548
665
662
1,554
1,030
132
1,007
75

7,373
5,098
1,675
37
545
660
661
1,552
1,028
132
1,008
75

7,373
5,090
1,679
37
542
652
663
1,558
1,028
132
1,008
74

7,386
5,110
1,681
37
543
656
662
1,560
1,026
131
1,014
76

7,350
5,071
1,676
34
541
646
661
1,559
1,021
132
1,006
74

Nondurable goods.....................
Production workers................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

7,402
5,109
1,675.5
34.0
546.7
658.5
667.3
1,562.1
1,034.3
134.2
1,013.8
75.4

7,387
5,094
1,705.2
33.8
539.5
643.1
664.2
1,561.6
1,029.2
134.5
1,003.4
72.5

7,423
5,136
1,735.2
34.4
540.9
648.6
663.0
1,559.4
1,025.1
134.5
1,007.9
74.1

Service-producing1...................... 102,961 106,851 105,431 105,184 103,627 105,694 105,906 105,947 105,840 105,814
Transportation and public utilities...
6,831
7,023
6,990
6,926
Transportation......................
4,398
4,537
4,506
4,521
Railroad transportation...........
226.9
220.0
220.5
218.4
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................
423.9
493.1
435.7
434.2
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,838.9 1,852.2 1,866.5 1,878.7
Water transportation..............
197.2
209.1
211.9
213.3
Transportation by air............. 1,230.2 1,276.4 1,282.4 1,285.6
Pipelines, except natural gas.....
12.8
12.6
12.7
12.6
Transportation services...........
468.1
473.8
476.4
478.5
Communications and public utilities.
2,433
2,486
2,484
2,405
Communications.................... 1,562.6 1,623.2 1,621.1 1,543.4
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services.......................
870.0
863.2
863.0
861.6

6,848
4,426
227

6,970
4,509
221

6,962
4,501
219

6,985
4,510
217

7,008
4,537
219

6,944
4,549
219

488
1,810
188
1,234
13
466
2,422
1,558

498
1,839
200
1,270
12
469
2,461
1,604

498
1,834
200
1,269
12
469
2,461
1,606

493
1,834
202
1,279
12
473
2,475
1,619

501
1,847
200
1,282
13
475
2,471
1,616

499
1,850
204
1,289
12
476
2,395
1,539

864

857

855

856

855

856

6,973
4,148
2,825
22,993

7,094
4,219
2,875
23,361

7,087
4,221
2,866
23,324

7,085
4,220
2,865
23,322

6,946
4,132
2,814
22,841

7,055
4,201
2,854
23,197

7,048
4,199
2,849
23,064

7,049
4,195
2,854
23,122

7,048
4,203
2,845
23,196

7,058
4,204
2,854
23,161

1,011.2
2,714.7
2,378.2
3,513.2

1,071.3
2,679.9
2,335.1
3,529.4

1,054.7
2,665.8
2,319.6
3,541.6

1,039.0
2,676.3
2,330.8
3,538.5

992
2,768
2,426
3,498

1,032
2,791
2,443
3,522

1,025
2,744
2,388
3,516

1,018
2,741
2,386
3,515

1,017
2,725
2,371
3,518

1,020
2,725
2,378
3,523

2,395.6 2,434.5 2,440.6 2,443.2
1,089.2 1,114.9 1,117.4 1,119.0
1,187.1 1,185.1 1,198.0 1,209.0

2,369
1,084
1,181

2,410
1,106
1,195

2,408
1,107
1,195

2,412
1,110
1,197

2,413
1,111
1,207

2,417
1,114
1,202

1,080.1 1,107.9 1,108.0 1,111.0
8,148.5 8,344.9 8,306.7 8,288.7
2,942.3 3,007.9 3,008.6 3,016.2

1,090
7,958
2,985

1,113
8,097
3,037

1,113
8,028
3,035

1,118
8,071
3,050

1,118
8,135
3,063

1,121
8,094
3,059

Finance, insurance, and real estate...
7,668
7,666
7,690
7,692
Finance.............................
3,722
3,725
3,736
3,737
Depository institutions........... 2,073.7 2,053.3 2,052.5 2,047.8
Commercial banks................ 1,485.0 1,461.8 1,461.6 1,458.3
Savings institutions............
251.9
243.3
241.8
241.1
Nondepository institutions........
717.3
685.4
685.4
686.7
Mortgage bankers and brokers....
359.5
322.1
321.4
322.6
Security and commodity brokers....
701.2
745.4
756.6
760.7
Holding and other investment
offices........................
229.3
240.6
241.9
241.7
Insurance...........................
2,383
2,369
2,368
2,366
Insurance carriers................ 1,616.9 1,598.6 1,596.1 1,595.0
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................
766.3
770.6
772.3
771.4
Real estate.........................
1,563
1,572
1,586
1,589

7,590
3,704
2,063
1,476
251
716
358
695

7,610
3,709
2,052
1,464
243
686
323
732

7,600
3,703
2,044
1,456
243
684
322
736

7,588
3,705
2,042
1,454
242
682
321
741

7,589
3,708
2,037
1,450
240
683
321
748

7,614
3,719
2,037
1,450
240
685
322
754

230
2,375
1,611

239
2,365
1,597

239
2,361
1,594

240
2,359
1,593

240
2,356
1,587

243
2,358
1,589

764
1,511

768
1,536

767
1,536

766
1,524

769
1,525

769
1,537

39,191
764
1,857
1,237
9,339
992
3,626
3,251

40,195
801
1,902
1,272
9,735
1,001
3,885
3,485

40,220
790
1,904
1,262
9,715
996
3,855
3,440

40,401
788
1,922
1,271
9,773
997
3,873
3,444

40,412
794
1,930
1,273
9,770
1,000
3,854
3,435

40,572
796
1,935
1,282
9,811
995
3,876
3,446

Wholesale trade.......................
Durable goods.......................
Nondurable goods....................
Retail trade..........................
Building materials and garden
supplies.........................
General merchandise stores..........
Department stores.................
Food stores.........................
Automotive dealers and service
stations.........................
New and used car dealers..........
Apparel and accessory stores........
Furniture and home furnishings
stores...........................
Eating and drinking places..........
Miscellaneous retail establishments.

Services3.............................
Agricultural services...............
Hotels and other lodging places.....
Personal services...................
Business services...................
Services to buildings.............
Personnel supply services.........
Help supply services............

39,490
833.3
2,002.8
1,192.4
9,455.1
1,002.2
3,723.5
3,343.6

40,801
876.4
2,033.1
1,241.2
9,814.3
1,009.8
3,894.5
3,478.1

40,839
879.0
2,089.3
1,227.3
9,808.9
1,006.4
3,869.8
3,453.1

40,886
866.9
2,087.0
1,235.6
9,932.0
1,005.3
3,971.2
3,542.5

Computer and data processing
services.......................
Auto repair, services, and parking..
Miscellaneous repair services.......
Motion pictures.....................
Amusement and recreation services...
Health services.....................
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................
Nursing and personal care
facilities.....................
Hospitals.........................
Home health care services.........
Legal services......................
Educational services................
Social services.....................
Child day care services...........
Residential care..................
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens...........................
Membership organizations............
Engineering and management services.
Engineering and architectural
services.......................
Management and public relations...
Services, nec.......................
Government1...........................
Federal1............................
Federal, except Postal Service1...
State...............................
Education.........................
Other State government............
Local...............................
Education.........................
Other local government............

1,858.9
1,190.1
379.3
630.9
1,927.6
10024.1

1,957.9
1,205.1
385.8
651.9
2,087.9
10173.7

1,857
1,185
376
618
1,664
10,008

1,927
1,195
383
634
1,752
10,093

1,929
1,192
383
632
1,755
10,104

1,933
1,191
384
635
1,789
10,116

1,948
1,194
383
634
1,794
10,143

1,956
1,200
383
638
1,803
10,157

1,893.0 1,933.9 1,936.2 1,940.1

1,885

1,925

1,928

1,928

1,930

1,932

1,790.5
3,993.4
633.9
1,005.1
1,971.2
2,774.4
642.9
784.9

1,799.0
4,027.6
641.5
1,020.5
2,046.4
2,909.4
701.5
832.8

1,786
3,987
636
999
2,292
2,808
701
780

1,789
3,999
641
1,004
2,329
2,940
753
812

1,788
4,005
641
1,006
2,356
2,946
758
816

1,786
4,008
642
1,009
2,374
2,945
760
820

1,787
4,018
645
1,012
2,379
2,916
765
826

1,794
4,021
644
1,015
2,379
2,950
765
828

105.1
110.2
111.8
110.6
2,465.2 2,479.4 2,503.7 2,475.3
3,289.4 3,438.5 3,441.5 3,451.9

98
2,426
3,276

102
2,439
3,368

101
2,438
3,390

103
2,441
3,415

103
2,431
3,410

103
2,436
3,438

971.0 1,017.9 1,023.0 1,026.4
1,050.6 1,116.2 1,114.4 1,119.4
51.8
53.8
54.4
54.3

957
1,045
(2)

987
1,088
(2)

995
1,096
(2)

1,005
1,110
(2)

1,007
1,105
(2)

1,011
1,113
(2)

20,211
2,655
1,783
4,698
1,972
2,726
12,858
7,305
5,553

20,667
2,885
2,022
4,744
1,990
2,754
13,038
7,408
5,630

21,012
3,238
2,374
4,737
1,983
2,754
13,037
7,395
5,642

20,802
3,092
2,230
4,716
1,967
2,749
12,994
7,361
5,633

20,587
2,819
1,954
4,734
1,982
2,752
13,034
7,387
5,647

20,465
2,674
1,805
4,734
1,972
2,762
13,057
7,381
5,676

19,006
2,657
1,794.7
4,443
1,682.0
2,760.7
11,906
6,130.4
5,775.8

1,938.1
1,200.6
386.6
638.1
2,053.0
10148.6

1,792.1
4,016.5
644.4
1,028.5
2,163.5
2,943.4
744.3
826.9

20,906
3,122
2,263.4
4,568
1,785.3
2,782.9
13,216
7,382.7
5,833.2

1,947.3
1,201.4
386.6
645.0
2,121.2
10167.6

1,792.6
4,030.4
644.6
1,028.6
2,080.4
2,900.5
696.1
832.3

19,501
2,837
1,980.0
4,489
1,690.2
2,798.5
12,175
6,214.0
5,960.9

19,273
2,676
1,816.8
4,479
1,682.8
2,796.6
12,118
6,213.7
5,904.2

1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, and 41,000 in January,
February, March, April, May, June, July, and August 2000 respectively. Preliminary estimates for these series may be
subject to larger than normal revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Aug.
1999

June
2000

July
2000p

Aug.
2000p

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000p

Aug.
2000p

Total private....................

35.1

34.6

34.9

34.7

34.5

34.6

34.4

34.5

34.4

34.3

Goods-producing.........................

41.4

41.2

40.9

41.1

41.1

41.5

40.9

40.9

41.1

40.8

Mining................................

44.5

45.1

45.2

45.0

44.1

45.3

44.1

44.7

45.2

44.6

Construction..........................

40.0

39.6

40.3

40.2

39.0

39.6

39.2

38.7

39.3

39.2

Manufacturing.........................
Overtime hours....................

41.8
4.8

41.7
4.6

41.1
4.4

41.4
4.6

41.8
4.6

42.2
4.9

41.4
4.5

41.6
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.3
4.5

Durable goods........................
Overtime hours....................

42.3
4.9

42.3
4.9

41.6
4.4

41.9
4.7

42.3
4.8

42.8
5.1

42.0
4.7

42.2
4.8

42.5
4.7

41.9
4.6

Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

41.8
40.7
44.1
44.1

41.1
39.9
43.5
44.1

40.7
39.5
43.8
43.4

40.9
39.9
43.8
43.3

41.2
40.3
43.5
44.4

41.2
40.6
43.6
44.9

40.7
40.3
43.0
43.8

40.8
39.9
42.9
43.9

41.1
40.0
43.7
44.2

40.4
39.5
43.2
43.5

44.9
42.3
42.1

45.0
42.5
42.5

44.7
41.7
41.9

44.1
42.0
41.9

45.0
42.3
42.3

45.0
43.0
42.9

44.7
42.3
42.2

45.0
42.4
42.5

45.0
42.6
42.6

44.2
42.0
42.1

41.6
43.7
44.7
41.4
40.0

41.5
44.0
45.3
41.2
39.5

41.1
41.9
41.9
41.2
38.9

41.1
43.2
44.2
41.0
39.5

41.6
43.9
45.1
41.5
40.0

42.2
44.3
45.5
41.6
39.8

41.3
43.2
44.2
41.2
39.3

41.4
44.0
45.3
41.3
39.4

41.9
43.9
44.4
41.8
39.7

41.1
43.5
44.7
41.1
39.4

Nondurable goods.....................
Overtime hours....................

41.0
4.6

40.8
4.3

40.3
4.3

40.6
4.4

41.0
4.4

41.3
4.6

40.6
4.3

40.7
4.3

40.7
4.3

40.5
4.2

Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

42.0
40.1
41.1
37.5
43.3
38.4
43.1
42.6
41.4
38.7

41.4
40.1
41.4
37.4
42.8
37.8
42.9
43.6
41.6
38.4

41.2
39.5
40.5
36.8
42.2
37.9
42.8
45.1
40.6
36.5

41.7
40.3
40.6
36.8
42.1
38.2
42.7
43.8
41.0
38.5

41.7
39.8
41.0
37.4
43.6
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.7
37.9

41.9
40.8
41.9
38.0
43.6
38.5
42.9
(2)
42.1
38.9

41.2
39.6
41.1
37.1
42.8
38.0
42.7
(2)
41.3
38.2

41.5
39.4
41.1
37.0
42.8
38.2
42.9
(2)
41.4
37.8

41.2
40.5
41.2
37.3
42.4
38.2
43.3
(2)
41.3
37.3

41.5
40.0
40.4
36.7
42.4
38.1
42.8
(2)
41.2
37.8

Service-producing.......................

33.5

32.9

33.3

33.1

32.8

32.8

32.7

32.9

32.7

32.7

Transportation and public utilities...

39.4

38.5

39.2

38.7

38.8

38.7

38.4

38.4

38.8

38.2

Wholesale trade.......................

38.6

38.5

38.8

38.2

38.3

38.6

38.6

38.6

38.5

38.2

Retail trade..........................

29.9

29.3

29.8

29.6

29.0

28.8

28.8

29.0

28.8

28.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

37.0

36.2

36.7

36.0

36.3

36.3

36.2

36.5

36.3

36.1

Services..............................

33.2

32.7

33.0

32.9

32.6

32.7

32.6

32.7

32.5

32.6

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry
Aug.
1999

June
2000

July
2000p

Aug.
2000p

Aug.
1999

Total private....................
Seasonally adjusted.............

$13.20
13.30

$13.62
13.70

$13.69
13.76

$13.68
13.80

$463.32
458.85

Goods-producing.........................

14.95

15.36

15.49

15.51

Mining................................

17.05

17.09

17.14

Construction..........................

17.31

17.74

Manufacturing.........................

13.95

14.34

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

14.47
11.54
11.28
13.94
15.98

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

June
2000

July
2000p

Aug.
2000p

$471.25
472.65

$477.78
473.34

$474.70
473.34

618.93

632.83

633.54

637.46

17.04

758.73

770.76

774.73

766.80

17.96

18.06

692.40

702.50

723.79

726.01

14.37

14.38

583.11

597.98

590.61

595.33

14.90
11.82
11.73
14.36
16.52

14.87
11.85
11.81
14.42
16.69

14.92
11.83
11.81
14.40
16.59

612.08
482.37
459.10
614.75
704.72

630.27
485.80
468.03
624.66
728.53

618.59
482.30
466.50
631.60
724.35

625.15
483.85
471.22
630.72
718.35

18.93
13.52
15.14

19.62
13.82
15.51

19.82
13.81
15.61

19.59
13.90
15.60

849.96
571.90
637.39

882.90
587.35
659.18

885.95
575.88
654.06

863.92
583.80
653.64

13.52
18.17
18.53
14.28
11.31

13.72
19.01
19.62
14.49
11.60

13.81
18.65
19.07
14.71
11.66

13.81
18.87
19.31
14.71
11.65

562.43
794.03
828.29
591.19
452.40

569.38
836.44
888.79
596.99
458.20

567.59
781.44
799.03
606.05
453.57

567.59
815.18
853.50
603.11
460.18

13.17
12.07
20.86
10.72
8.88
15.95
13.83
17.41
21.21
12.37
9.86

13.48
12.39
20.87
10.91
9.07
16.18
14.15
17.91
21.19
12.72
10.08

13.62
12.46
21.12
10.96
9.06
16.27
14.28
18.32
21.26
12.82
10.06

13.57
12.43
20.78
10.98
9.09
16.18
14.30
18.32
21.08
12.77
10.13

539.97
506.94
836.49
440.59
333.00
690.64
531.07
750.37
903.55
512.12
381.58

549.98
512.95
836.89
451.67
339.22
692.50
534.87
768.34
923.88
529.15
387.07

548.89
513.35
834.24
443.88
333.41
686.59
541.21
784.10
958.83
520.49
367.19

550.94
518.33
837.43
445.79
334.51
681.18
546.26
782.26
923.30
523.57
390.01

Service-producing.......................

12.65

13.07

13.13

13.10

423.78

430.00

437.23

433.61

Transportation and public utilities...

$15.69

$16.17

$16.21

$16.24

$618.19

$622.55

$635.43

$628.49

Wholesale trade.......................

14.65

15.04

15.26

15.21

565.49

579.04

592.09

581.02

Retail trade..........................

9.05

9.38

9.38

9.39

270.60

274.83

279.52

277.94

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

14.62

14.93

15.02

14.98

540.94

540.47

551.23

539.28

Services..............................

13.23

13.68

13.75

13.72

439.24

447.34

453.75

451.39

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Percent
change
from:
July 2000Aug. 2000

Aug.
1999

Apr.
2000

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000p

Aug.
2000p

Total private:
Current dollars..............
Constant (1982) dollars2.....

$13.30
7.87

$13.64
7.87

$13.66
7.88

$13.70
7.86

$13.76
7.88

$13.80
N.A.

0.3
(3)

Goods-producing...............
Mining......................
Construction................
Manufacturing...............
Excluding overtime4.......

14.91
17.16
17.21
14.01
13.27

15.30
17.26
17.78
14.28
13.49

15.29
17.25
17.75
14.27
13.53

15.34
17.24
17.77
14.36
13.60

15.41
17.24
17.91
14.39
13.64

15.46
17.15
17.95
14.44
13.70

.3
-.5
.2
.3
.4

Service-producing.............
Transportation and public
utilities................
Wholesale trade.............
Retail trade................
Finance, insurance, and real
estate...................
Services....................

12.78

13.11

13.15

13.19

13.24

13.28

.3

15.73
14.65
9.13

16.12
15.03
9.39

16.22
15.02
9.39

16.28
15.16
9.43

16.19
15.23
9.45

16.28
15.28
9.48

.6
.3
.3

14.65
13.42

14.98
13.74

15.01
13.79

15.05
13.82

15.04
13.90

15.11
13.96

.5
.4

Industry

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .3 percent from June 2000 to July 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Aug.
1999

June
2000

July
2000p

Aug.
2000p

Aug.
1999

June
2000

July
2000p

Aug.
2000p

Total private....................

152.6

153.6

154.9

154.2

150.5

151.3

151.4

150.9

Goods-producing.........................

119.0

119.1

118.6

118.3

116.3

116.3

117.4

115.9

Mining................................

51.1

52.3

49.7

52.2

50.7

51.4

52.0

51.3

Construction..........................

192.0

Manufacturing.........................

107.6

200.8

174.6

186.3

183.6

181.4

184.2

183.1

106.1

107.1

107.9

106.0

106.4

107.2

105.5

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

109.7
146.5
136.5
119.3
89.1

110.9
147.1
138.7
119.1
89.2

112.1
147.9
139.0
115.4
92.1

113.1
147.9
141.4
116.2
93.3

111.2
146.1
140.9
114.6
91.0

111.8
145.8
139.5
114.1
91.0

112.9
146.0
141.2
117.3
91.5

110.9
142.9
137.5
115.2
89.9

71.7
122.8
106.1

70.9
118.6
104.0

70.0
120.1
103.8

71.5
119.5
104.8

71.5
123.0
106.2

70.6
121.2
104.5

70.7
121.9
105.7

71.1
123.3
106.4

70.2
120.6
105.3

107.2
126.9
169.5
76.3
103.2

108.3
127.0
172.7
74.3
101.0

107.2
117.6
153.1
74.6
97.3

108.3
122.1
163.2
74.0
100.6

107.7
127.6
170.9
76.5
103.2

109.6
126.7
171.7
74.7
103.0

107.1
123.6
166.4
74.0
100.2

107.8
125.9
171.2
74.3
100.1

110.2
125.5
166.9
76.0
100.9

108.7
122.8
164.6
74.2
100.1

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

101.5
122.9
50.9
80.4
59.9
107.0
122.3
102.5
73.3
146.8
34.4

99.5
116.8
44.3
79.7
57.5
105.9
121.5
102.6
64.6
149.0
32.7

98.2
118.6
43.1
76.8
55.1
103.6
121.9
101.4
66.6
143.3
29.5

99.6
122.9
46.2
77.3
55.5
103.5
122.7
101.0
65.4
145.5
32.4

100.1
116.5
49.3
80.1
59.5
107.3
122.0
102.6
71.4
147.7
33.8

100.7
118.4
50.5
80.6
59.2
106.7
123.2
102.7
66.6
149.3
32.9

98.9
116.3
49.0
78.7
57.2
104.8
121.7
102.1
64.0
146.8
32.3

99.0
117.3
48.8
78.6
56.1
105.2
122.4
102.0
62.9
147.6
31.9

99.4
117.2
50.2
78.7
57.3
103.8
122.8
102.8
64.7
148.2
32.1

98.2
116.8
45.6
76.9
55.3
104.0
122.4
101.1
63.4
146.3
31.9

Service-producing.......................

167.6

169.1

171.2

169.8

163.2

166.6

165.9

167.0

166.6

166.6

Transportation and public utilities...

136.1

137.7

139.3

136.1

134.6

137.3

136.1

136.4

138.5

134.7

Wholesale trade.......................

132.2

133.6

134.5

132.4

130.3

133.0

133.1

133.0

132.6

131.7

Retail trade..........................

149.1

148.2

150.7

149.6

143.5

144.9

143.9

145.3

144.6

144.8

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

143.7

140.4

143.2

140.6

139.2

139.3

138.7

139.8

139.1

138.9

Services..............................

207.4

212.0

214.1

213.4

202.3

208.6

207.9

209.5

208.5

209.9

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

Apr.
2000

May
2000

148.4

151.7

119.5

115.5

52.7

52.8

194.0

201.3

107.2

104.8

112.1
152.6
140.2
119.6
91.0

112.9
148.8
139.5
118.6
91.9

71.3
119.2
103.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

50.4
57.3
63.2
54.1
60.8

64.5
59.7
56.6
58.8
54.1

60.3
62.8
60.5
53.9
60.7

54.8
63.2
58.7
59.6
56.5

62.6
57.7
58.3
52.8
45.9

61.5
57.7
59.7
57.9
56.2

57.3
61.2
53.9
58.8
p57.7

61.0
60.1
58.1
53.8
p52.1

57.9
61.5
56.2
57.3

62.6
65.3
53.8
60.7

59.3
62.1
59.0
60.8

60.0
61.2
57.4
59.0

Over 3-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

61.1
62.6
64.3
58.3
61.0

62.6
64.0
66.6
57.3
62.6

63.6
66.3
63.2
58.4
61.9

63.1
66.7
66.3
54.4
57.4

63.3
63.2
63.6
57.3
56.7

64.9
62.1
58.0
58.8
p57.0

64.2
61.5
57.4
58.1
p58.0

61.4
66.2
57.9
60.7

65.2
67.4
59.7
59.6

64.3
69.4
58.1
63.5

65.4
69.0
58.6
64.3

63.3
69.1
59.4
63.1

Over 6-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

62.5
66.3
69.8
60.0
65.6

64.6
67.0
67.4
58.0
60.8

65.6
66.6
65.2
57.6
61.0

64.6
66.3
61.8
58.6
p61.9

64.5
65.6
62.9
54.4
p59.7

64.5
67.1
61.4
59.7

67.3
66.3
59.0
60.4

65.7
68.5
58.4
62.1

65.2
69.0
57.4
64.0

67.1
70.4
59.7
62.8

66.0
69.7
59.3
65.2

67.4
70.4
59.1
64.6

Over 12-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

64.5
69.0
69.7
60.3
p65.0

66.7
67.3
67.3
58.3
p63.5

64.5
68.3
67.3
57.6

65.6
69.7
65.9
59.4

68.5
69.5
63.9
59.6

67.3
70.1
62.5
60.5

67.7
70.1
61.5
61.9

66.4
70.4
62.1
61.0

68.0
70.5
61.0
62.6

69.9
70.1
59.8
62.9

68.7
69.4
59.8
62.5

66.9
70.4
58.1
63.2

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

44.6
49.6
57.9
45.0
52.2

54.7
52.5
50.7
41.0
47.8

48.2
56.1
53.6
42.8
51.1

42.1
54.0
50.7
46.4
51.1

55.4
51.4
47.1
40.3
45.7

52.2
54.3
50.0
46.4
51.1

47.8
50.7
37.8
54.7
p55.4

54.3
53.6
50.0
38.1
p38.8

50.0
56.5
45.7
46.4

56.1
61.9
39.9
51.8

50.4
60.4
41.7
51.4

53.2
55.4
43.9
50.4

Over 3-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

44.2
50.7
56.8
36.7
47.8

47.8
53.2
56.8
37.1
52.5

44.6
55.8
52.2
37.1
49.3

45.7
56.1
52.2
34.5
48.9

47.1
53.2
48.6
37.8
49.6

51.4
52.5
41.4
43.5
p52.5

50.4
52.5
39.2
39.9
p47.8

49.6
55.8
40.3
45.0

55.4
59.7
43.2
42.1

53.2
66.5
37.1
50.4

55.0
64.7
36.7
51.1

49.6
64.0
40.6
50.7

Over 6-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

41.7
53.2
60.1
35.6
51.4

45.0
53.2
54.3
33.5
47.5

46.8
52.5
50.4
33.5
50.4

46.0
52.9
39.9
37.1
p52.5

45.3
51.8
43.5
32.7
p46.8

47.8
53.2
42.1
38.8

53.2
54.7
38.8
41.0

50.4
61.2
36.7
45.7

50.7
61.2
36.0
48.2

53.2
64.4
39.9
43.2

51.8
64.7
34.5
48.6

54.7
63.7
32.7
51.1

Over 12-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

43.5
54.7
55.0
37.4
p47.8

47.5
52.5
51.8
32.4
p45.3

45.3
54.0
51.8
31.7

45.3
54.0
46.8
35.3

50.4
55.4
40.6
36.0

49.6
56.8
39.9
37.1

50.4
57.2
37.8
38.8

48.6
57.9
38.1
39.6

51.1
58.3
37.1
42.4

55.0
56.8
36.0
42.4

54.3
56.8
34.2
42.4

50.7
57.2
33.5
46.0

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.