Full text of The Employment Situation : August 1991

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
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(202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
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United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 91-438
TRWSMISSIOM OF MATERIAL IK THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30A.M. <EDT), FRIDAY,
SEPTEMBER 6, 1991

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: AUGUST 1991
The nation's employment situation was little changed in August, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
Following a decline from 7.0 to 6.8 percent in July, the unemployment rate
held steady in August. Payroll employment showed little movement over the
month, as gains in manufacturing and services were nearly offset bydeclines in other industries. Weekly hours rebounded from the July drop.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
After edging downward in July, the unemployment rate, 6.8 percent, and
the number of unemployed, 8.5 million, were unchanged in August. The
unemployment rate has shown little sustained movement in recent months and
remains 1,3 percentage points higher than it was in July 1990, when the
recession began. Over the 13-month period, the number of jobless persons
rose by 1.7 million. (See table A-l.)
While the overall jobless rate remained steady in August, there were
changes for adult women and teenagers. The women's rate rose three-tenths
of a percentage point to 5.7 percent, following a decline of five-tenths in
July.
The rate for teenagers declined by 1.6 percentage points, reversing
a similar increase in July. The jobless rate for adult men (6.5 percent)
was unchanged in August, and rates for whites (6.1 percent), blacks (12.3
percent), and Hispanics (9.9 percent) changed little over the month. (See
tables A-l and A-2.)
The number of unemployed who had lost their last jobs, at 4.7 million,
was little changed in August. They accounted for 55.4 percent of the total
unenployed, up from 46.5 percent in July 1990. The median duration of
unemployment was 7.2 weeks in August, up about half a week over the month
and 2 weeks from the onset of the recession in July 1990. Long-term
unemployment (15 weeks and over) rose by more than 800,000 in the past 13
months* (See tables A-5 and A-6.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment fell by about 300,000 to 116.4 million in August.
The number of einployed persons was 1.5 million lower than it was in July
1990. The proportion of the working-age population with jobs (the



Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data

Quarterly
averages
Category

II

June

July

Aug.

Thousands of persons

HOUSEHOLD EftTA
Civilian labor force..
Employment
Unemployment........
Not in labor force....
Discouraged workers.

JulyAug.
change

1991

1991

125,0131 125,511! 125,629! 125,214! 124,904! -310
116,865! 116,958: 116,884! 116,712! 116,416! -296
8,149! 8,553! 8,745!
8,501!
8,488! -13
64,0991 64,012! 64,0391 64,625' 65,0691 444
981:
997!
N.A. : N.A. : N.A. I N.A.
Percent of labor force

Unemployment rates:
All workers
Adult men
Adult women.......
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin...

6.5!
6.11
5.5!
18.0!
5.8!
12.1:
9.7:

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm employment....
Goods-producing jL/..
Construction
Manufacturing
Service-producing. 1/
Retail trade
Services
Government

6.8!
6.4:
5.7:
18.8:

6.o:
12.9:
9.5:

7.0!
6.6:
5.9!
19.2:
6.2:
I3.i:
9.8!

6.8!
6.5:
5.4:
20.6:
6.2:
ii.8:
9.5:

6.8!
.0
6.5:
.0
5.7: 0.3
i9.o: -1 .6
.1
6.1!
.5
12.3:
.4
9.9:

Thousands of jobs
109,160,'
24,032!
4,770:
18,549!
85,128!
19,461!
28,583:
18,387:

108,836!
23,811!
4,704
18,400
85,025
19,336
28,644!
18,440:

108,885 :plO8,812 :pi08,846: p34
23,792 ! p23,792! p23,816! p24
4,710 : p4,689: p4,677: p-12
18,378 .' pl8,403! pl8,445! p42
85,093 : p85,020: p85,O3o: plO
19,345 : pl9,343: pl9,328! p-15
28,712 : p28,729: p28,786: P 5 7
18,456 : p!8,387; pi8,356: p-31

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing
,
Overtime

34.2:
40.3;
3.3,'

34.3;
40.5:
3.5:

34.6:
40.8:
3.7:

p34.i:
P40.?:

p3.7:

~y
Includes other industries, not shown separately.
N.A.=not available.




p34.4; p0.3
p40.9: p.2
p3.8: p.l
p=prelirainary.

- 3 enployment-population ratio) declined to 61-3 percent in August, down by
1.4 percentage points over the past 13 months, (See table A-l.)
The labor force declined by 310,000 in August to 124.9 million,
following a decrease of 415,000 in July- Over the past year, the labor
force has shown very little growth, and the teenage component has actually
declined by 580,000, reflecting reductions in both their population and
rate of labor force participation- The overall labor force participation
rate—the proportion of the working-age population either ernployed or
actively seeking employment—was 65.7 percent in August, down half a
percentage point from a year earlier- Over this one-year period, the
participation rate for teenagers has dropped by 2-8 percentage pointsr and
there have also been small declines for both adult men (concentrated among
those 55 and over) and women (those 20-34 years of age).
Industry7 Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll enployment was basically unchanged in August- Job
gains in manufacturing and services were largely offset by declines in
other industries, particularly trade and government.
Manufacturing employment increased by 42,000, with gains occurring in
both durable and nondurable goods industries. Within durables, the most
notable increase came in fabricated metals, which has regained 16,000 jobs
since April, mainly in response to increased auto production. Similarly,
rubber and plastics within nondurable goods has added 15,000 jobs since
April, also mostly in support of the auto industry. Elsewhere in
nondurables, there were over-the-month gains in the volatile food
processing industry, as well as in paper and chemicals. Additionally,
recent enployment increases in autos, textiles, and apparel were sustained
in August. There were, however, further small declines in mining and
construction, resulting in little over-the-month change in the goodsproducing sector as a whole. (See table B-l.)
In the service-producing sector, there was essentially no net job
growth in August, as offsetting movements occurred within some of the
cornponent industries. The services industry added 57,000 jobs and has
gained 210,000 since resuming growth in May. In August, health services
continued its large monthly gains and business services showed renewed
strength- By contrast, wholesale trade employment continued to decline,
losing another 18,000 jobs in August. This industry has lost 165,000 jobs
in the last year. In addition, government payrolls continued to feel the
effects of the financial difficulties in many jurisdictions. State and
local governments have lost 100,000 jobs since May.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 hour in August, following a
decline of 0.5 hour in July. The workweek has been rather volatile
throughout this year. In manufacturing, the workweek rose two-tenths of an
hour to 40-9 hours, its highest level in nearly a year and 0-7 hour above
its lowpoint in April. Overtime hours in manufacturing increased by a
tenth of an hour to 3.8 hours. (See table B-2.)




- 4 The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or
nonsupervisory workers increased by 0.7 percent to 121.5 (1982=100) in
August, after seasonal adjustment. The index for manufacturing was up 0.8
percent to 103.1. The manufacturing index has increased in each of the
last 4 months but was still 3.6 percent below the level of August 1990.
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers were up 0.4 percent in August to $10.40, seasonally adjusted.
Average weekly earnings increased by 1.3 percent to $357.76, largely due to
the increase in average weekly hours. Before seasonal adjustment, average
hourly earnings were unchanged, and average weekly earnings rose by $2.06.
Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 3,2 percent and average
weekly earnings by 2.9 percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.)

The Fnployment Situation for September 1991 will be released on
Friday, October 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EOT).




Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current
Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The
household survey provides the information on the labor force*
employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census
with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls
that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA.
This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in
cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over
350,000 establishments employing over 41 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey* the reference week is the pay
period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal
adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of
these factors is explained below.

The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number employed
and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. Table
A-7 presents a special grouping of seven measures of
unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and
the labor force. The definitions are provided in the table. The
most restrictive definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive
yields U-7. The civilian worker unemployment rate is U-5b, while
U-5a, the overall unemployment rate, includes the resident Armed
Forces in the labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonfarm firms. As a result, there are many
differences between the two surveys, among which are the
following:
• The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes
agriculture, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers;

Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys

Seasonal adjustment

The sample households in the household survey are selected so
as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years
of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as
employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at which they
worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as
paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or on
their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise
operated by a member of their family, whether.they were paid or
not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid
leave because of illness, bad weather, labor-management disputes,
or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benef *s or public assistance, if they
meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during
the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and
they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their former jobs and
awaiting recall and those expecting to report to a job within 30
days need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.




• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
• The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older, the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each
individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees
working at more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll
Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request.

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the
opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force
increases by a large number each June, when schools close and
many young people enter the job market. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for
example, seasonality may account for as much as 95 percent of the
month-to-month changes in unemployment
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These
adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in
economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the
labor force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example,
the large number of people entering the labor force each June is
likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of
students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable

change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze
changes in economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted
either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more
accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For
example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the civilian labor force
is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted employment components
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total
for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the
civilian labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the JulyDecember period. For the establishment survey, updated factors
for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period
and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the
November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical
data are made once a year.

Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of
people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys
probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a
complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures
were used. In the household survey, the amount of the differences
can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value
of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results
of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that
an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the
standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances
are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error
from the results of a complete census. At approximately the 90percent level of confidence-the confidence limits used by BLS in
its analyses-the error for the monthly change in total employment
is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total unemployment it
is 224,000; and, for the civilian worker unemployment rate, it is




0.19 percentage points. These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are
approximately 90 out of 100 that the "true" level or rate would not
be expected to differ from the estimates by more than these
amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data
are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually.
Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the
sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the
size of the labor force is subject to less error than is the estimate of
the number unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the
sampling error for the jobless rate of adult men, for example, is
much smaller than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless rate for
men is .25 percentage point; for teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage
points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the most current 2
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are revised.
In other words, data for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final form in
December.
To remove errors that build up over time, a
comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The
results of
this survey are used to establish new
benchmarks-comprehensive counts of employment-against which
month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks
also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and
allow for the formation of new establishments.

Additional statistics and other Information
In order to provide a broad view of the nation's employment
situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this
news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in
Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is
available for $9.50 per issue or $29.00 per year from the U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must
accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the
standard errors for the household survey data published in this
release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the
standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory
Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to
benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of
that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employmsnt status of the civilian population by sax and ago
(Numbers In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
July
1991

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

1991

188.261
126,012
66.9
119.174
63.3
„
3.473
115.702
6,837
5.4
62,250

189,839
127,327
67.1
118,751
62.6
3.740
115,010
8,576
6.7
62,513

189.973
126.097
66.4
117,859
62.0
3,607
114,253
8,237
6.5
63,877

188,261
124,705
66.2
117,690
62.5
3.152
114,538
7,015
5.6
63.556

189,380
125,672
66.4
117,398
62.0
3,156
114,243
8,274
6.6
63,708

169,522
125,232
66.1
116,591
61.5
3.272
113,319
8,640
6.9
64.291

189,668
125,629
66.2
116.884
61.6
3.308
113,576
8,745
7.0
64,039

189,839
125,214
66.0
116,712
61.5
3.239
113,474
8,501
6.8
64,625

189,973
124,904
65.7
118,416
61.3
3,266
113,150
8,488
6.8
65,069

89.765
69,125
77.0
65,604
73.1
3,521
5.1

90,592
69.887
77.1
65,125
71.9
4.762
6.8

90,658
69.100
765
64,698
71.4
4,402
6.4

69,765
68,077
75.8
64,188
71.5
3.889
5.7

90,342
68.545
75.9
63,802
70.6
4.743
6.9

90,417
68,401
75.7
63,443
70.2
4,957
7.2

90,494
68,448
75.6
63,405
70.1
5,043
7.4

90.592
68,390
75.5
63,389
70.0
5,001
7.3

90,658
68,210
75.2
63,328
69.9
4,882
72

82.862
64,773
78.2
61.862
74.7
2,435
59.427
2.910
4.5

83.865
65,350
77.9
61,439
73.3
2,612
58,827
3,911
6.0

83,940
66.031
77.5
61,261
73.0
2,547
58,714
3,770
5.8

82,862
64,419
77.7
61.174
73.8
£266
58.908
3,245
5.0

83.567
64,957
77.7
60.905
72.9
2,328
58,577
4,052
6.2

83,636
64.741
77.4
60.556
72.4
2,368
58,188
4,184
6.5

83.748
64,897
77.5
60,625
72.4
2,438
58,187
4.272
6.6

83.865
64,934
77.4
60.683
72.4
2,381
58,302
4,251
6.5

83,940
64.830
77.2
60,613
7^2
2,365
58,248
4,217
6.5

98.498
56,887
57.8
53.570
54.4
3,316
5.6

99.248
57,440
57.9
53,626
54.0
3.614
6.8

99,315
56.996
57.4
53.161
53.5
3,635
6.7

98,496
56.628
57.5
53,502
54.3
3,126
5.5

99.038
57.127
57.7
53,596
54.1
3,531
6.2

99.105
56,831
57.3
53,148
53.6
3,683
6.5

99.174
57,181
57.7
53.479
53.9
3,702
6.5

99,248
56,824
57.3
53,323
53.7
3,500
6.2

99,315
56,694
57.1
53,088
53.5
3.606
6.4

-

91,688
52.974
57.8
50,183
54.7
674
49,509
2.791
5.3

92,654
53.381
57.6
50.326
54.3
692
49,635
3.055
5.7

92.720
53.382
57.6
50,117
54.1
682
49.434
3.266
6.1

91,688
53,255
58.1
50,649
55.2
634
50.015
2.606
4.9

92,358
53,634
58.1
50,695
54.9
623
50,072
2.939
5.5

92,454
53.480
57.8
50.363
54.5
633
49,731
3.117
5.8

92,546
53,883
58.2
50.723
54.8
617
50,106
3.160
5.9

92,654
53,617
57.9
50,738
54.8
601
50,136
2,879
5.4

92,720
53.616
57.8
50,575
54.5
642
49,933
3,041
5.7

Civilian noninstltutlonal population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate „
Employed
•
Errploymem-population ratio
AQriculture ........
Nonagrtwtturalind'wtri«*"!!!!!Z!.*!!!!!!.""l?!
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
«

13.711
8,265
60.3
7.129
52.0
364
6,766
1.136
13.7

13.320
8,595
64.5
6,985
52.4
436
6,549
1.611
18.7

13.313
7,683
57.7
6,482
48.7
377
6.105
1,202
15.6

13,711
7,031
51.3
5.867
42.8
252
5,615
1.164
16.6

13.455
7.081
52.6
5,798
43.1
204
5.594
1,283
18.1

13,432
7,011
52.2
5,672
42.2
271
5,401
1,339
19.1

13.374
6,850
51.2
5,537
41,4
254
5,283
1,313
192

13.320
6,662
50.0
5.291
39.7
256
5,035
1,371
20.6

13,313
6,458
48.5
5,228
39.3
259
4,969
1,230
19.0

Aug.
1&90

TOTAL
Civilian nonlnstltutlonal population
Civilian labor fofce
Participation rale »
Employed
................
Employment-population ratio
Agriculture
Nonagricuftural industries
Unemployed
_
Unemployment rate
Not In labor force
„

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstHutbnal population
Civilian labor force
Particioatton rate

„

Employed T....
Employment-population ratio ..................
LJnofTVtloved
Unemployment rate
.................

Men, 20 years and over
CMian nonlnstltutlonal population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate ..
_„.............„.
Employed ...•»..»....»...«........••
Errolovment*f)oDulation ratio
Agriculture
......................
NonagricutturaJ Industries ........................
Unemployed »
Unemployment rate
...................

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstlutbnal population
Civilian'labor force
Participation rate «
Errployed....
Prn^nvmMlt-fraulalion ratio
Unemployed .....
Unemployment rate

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian nonlnstltutbnal population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate «
Employed
«
Employment-population raw
Agriculture
„
NonagricutturaJ Industries
Unemployed
„
Urwrpbymentrate.

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally




adjusted columns.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tabla A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sax, ago, and Hispanic origin
(Nurrtoers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Aug.
1990

July
1991

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

Aug.
1991

160.550
108,238
674
103,217
64.3
5,022
4.6

161,558
109.045
67.5
102.475
63.4
6.570
6.0

161,642
108,079
66.9
101.805
63.0
6,273
5.8

160,550
107,166
66.7
101.996
63.5
5,170
4.8

161,264
107,678
66.8
101.455
62.9
6.223
5.8

161,357
107,491
66.6
100,944
62.6
6,547
6.1

181,449
107,745
66.7
101,046
62.6
6,699
62

161.558
107.382
66.5
100,760
624
6,622
62

161,642
107,090

56.322
78.7
54,149
75.6
2.173
3.9

56,647
78.3
53,595
74.1
3.053
5.4

56,414
775
53.463
73.9
2,950
52

56,040
78.3
53,601
74.9

2.439
44

56,310
78.1
53,179
73.7
3,131
5.6

56.210
775
53.025
73.5
3,185
5.7

56,267
773
52,962
733
3,304
53

56.344
773
52,960
732
3,385
63

56252
77.7
52.934
73.1
3,318
55

44,817
57.5
42.795
54.9
2,023
4.5

45.110
574
42,792
54.5
2,318
5.1

45.061
57.3
42.611
542
2,450
54

45,060
57.8
43,194
554
1,866
4.1

45,304
573
43,169
55.1
2,136
4.7

45.242
57.7
42.932
54.7
2,310
5.1

45,572
58.0
43.213
55.0
2,360
52

45.316
57.7
43,137
545
2,179
45

45.254
57.6
42,998
54.7
2,256
5.0

7,099
64.3
6.273
56.8
826
11.6
12.1
11.1

7.287
684
6,089
57.1
1,199
164
17.0
15.9

6.604
62.0
5,731
53.8
873
135
132

6,066
54.9

6.064
564
5.108
47.5
956
153
16.9
14.7

6,039
563
4,987
46.5

5,906
553

5,722
53.7
4.663
43.7
1,059
18.5
20.0
163

5.584
52.5
4,678
435
906
162
165
153

21.337
13.584
637
12,027
564
1.557
11.5

21,631
13,903
64.3
12,192
564
1,711
12.3

21.655
13,629
62.9
11,971
55.3
1,658

21,337
13,401
62.8
11,838

21.541
13,670
63.5
11.948
55.5
1.722

21,569
13,472
62.5
11.727
544
1,745

21,595
13.613
63.0
11.837

21,631
13.516
623
11,922
55.1
1.595
113

21.655
13,454
62.1
11,796
543
1,658
123

6.302
73.9
5,678
66.6
624
9.9

6,449
74.3
5,717
65.8
732
11.3

6,340
72.9
5,655
65.0
685

6.260
734
5,594
65.6
666
10.6

6,416
742
5,647
65.3
769
12.0

6,265
72.6
5.475
633
790
12.6

6,399
735
5,584
643
815
12.7

6.379
733

6.301
724
5,577
64.1
724
11.5

6.331
59.3
5.684
53.3
646
102

6.424
592
5.796
534
629
9.8

6.458
594
5,764
53.1
694
10.7

6.358
59.6
5.733
53.7
625
9,8

6.476
60.0
5,812
533
664
103

6,459
59.7
5,755
532
705

6.483
593
5,766
532
715

6.418
592
5,813
533
605
94

6,4B5
59.7

951
44.4
664
31.0
287
302
30.0
30.3

1.029
49.1
678
32.3
351
34.1
31.3
37.0

832
39.7
553
264
278
33.5
30.3
37.3

783
36.6
511
23.9
272
34.7
36.7
32.7

779
37.1
490
233
289
37.1
384
35.7

747
35.1
497
23.3
250
33.5
36.7
30.1

732
343
485
23.0
247
33.7
374
28.9

719
343
470
224
249
343
313
374

668
315
403
193
265
39.7
37.5
423

WHITE
Civilian nonlnstftutfonaJ population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed ..«
Unemployment rate

„

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rat©
Employed
„
„
Employment-population ratio
„
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

663
100.610
622
6,480
6.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Particfeatlon rate
Errployed „„.....,..„,,...........».
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
-

,
,

B o t h sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
»
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unerrployment rate
Men

Women Z.

Z

Z

............

5201
47.1
865
143
154
13.1

1.052
174
193
154

4.871
453
1,035
17.5
193
143

BLACK
Civilian noninstltutional population
Civilian labor force
_
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

55.5
1,563
11.7

543
1.777
13.1

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

,
,

5,638
643
741
113

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5.816
533
669
103

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men

Women

\

See footnotes at end of table.




"
\

I..!.""."."."."""

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by racs, sex, age, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Aug.
1990

July
1991

Aug.
1991

1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

1991

14,356
9,841
685
9.067
632
774
7.9

14.790
10.051
68.0
9.072
613
980
9.7

14,829
9.933
67.0
8,945
60.3
988
9.9

14,356
9,665
67.3
8.904
62.0
761
7.9

14,672
9.739
66.4
8.859
604
860
9.0

14.711
9,695
65J9
8.756
595
939
9.7

14.751
9,737
66.0
8,781
595
956
9.8

14,790
9.834
665
8.903
602
931

14.829
9,747
65.7
8.778
592
969

95

as

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninttttutional population
Civilian labor force
Particbettton rate,
..
Employed
.......!
!!!!!!
Enployment-population ratio
Unemployed
.
........
Unemployment rate .

»
«
»

*.

..

-

~
.......

.......

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,
identical numbers appear In the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to

totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanic* are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-3. Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category
Aug.
1990

Jury
1991

Aug.
1991

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

Aug.
1991

CHARACTERISTIC
119.174
40.726
29290
8.301

118.751
40.624
29.453
6,483

117,859
40,502
29,347
6.402

117.690
40.661
29,869
6.372

117,398
40,502
29,762
6,371

116,591
40280
29,608
6,350

118.884
40.337
29.877
6,520

116.712
40.503
29.993
6,489

116,416
40,462
29,915
6.467

30.505
36.244
16222
13.859
18.351
3,993

30,617
36.106
16,687
13.436
17.645
4259

30.441
36.091
16.337
13.351
17.615
4,024

30,913
36.009
15,847
13,586
17,852
3,448

30,990
36.515
15,882
13,197
17,150
3,464

30,908
36,233
15,793
13,181
17.188
3,451

30,842
36.283
16,142
13207
16,974
3.502

30,926
35.891
16,138
13.057
17.184
3,540

30,850
35.876
16.939
13.102
17,121
3,468

1,904
1.441
128

1.956
1,629
156

1,920
1,555
132

1,705
1.364
97

1.660
1.450
95

1,703
1.421
117

1,748
1.431
115

1,678
1.497
120

1.704
1,480
102

,,™^,,.. 106,679
17,164
«
89,515
1.105
.........
88,410
8,793
229

105,876
17.376
88.501
1215
87286
8,904
230

105,099
17281
87,818
1,157
86,661
8,949
204

105,627
17,798
87.829
1,021
86,808
8,646
236

104,697
18,064
86.633
943
85,690
9.209
213

104.613
17.904
86.709
934
85.775
8.732
206

104.345
17.898
86.447
1.005
85,441
8,968
260

104,422
17,969
86,453
1,113
85.340
8.860
229

104.122
17,908
86.214
1,058
85.156
8,817
212

5,368
2.392
2,382
12.332

6,546
3,082
3,129
12*653

6,187
2,919
2.883
12.152

5,092
2,491
2.153
15.317

6.162
3.383
2.462
15.027

5.932
3.138
2,556
14,876

5,705
3.146
2,325
15,598

5.881
3.091
2.505
15208

5.892
3,073
2,621
15,040

5,072
2.195
2293
11,860

6221
2.918
2,978
12.173

5.869
2,733
2,771
11.673

4.830
2290
2,084
14,861

5.956
3.181
2.403
14,641

5,702
2,971
2.463
14.377

5.425
2,964
2229
15,168

5.605
2,915
2,435
14,737

5.643
2.886
£533
14,591

CMIan employed, 16 years and over —„
Married men, spouse present
.......
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
-

H

....
-

OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty
Twhnu»al «JI|M: and •rirrrinhffAthM ALimirt
Service occupations .,
...,.
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators fabricators and laborers .......*...«......„...*...........
Farming, forestry, and'fishlng
-

INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-emptoyed workers .
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wane unrt nAlfl/v workftre
Government ...................^.
Private industries
„
Private househoids ..!!.!!!!!".
Other industries
...
Self-emptoyed workers
Unpaid farnfly workers .

-..

.

..................
,*

«
.......
-

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
Al industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary par? time
.
NonagricuRurai industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
........... .....
Could only find part-time work"!!
Voluntary part time ..
1

-

«
..

-

„.

.............
!.. .

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work* during the survey period for




such reasons as vacation, illness, or Industrial dispute.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Category

Unemployment rates1

Aug.
1990

July
1991

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

Aug.
1991

7.015
3.245
2.606
1,164

8.501
4.251
2.879
1,371

8.488
4.217
3,041
1.230

5.6
5.0
4.9
16.6

6.6
6.2
5.5
18.1

6.9
6.5
5.8
19.1

7.0
6.6
5.9
19.2

6.6
6.5
5.4
20.6

6.8
6.5
5.7
19.0

1.458
1,198
587

1,823
1,352
589

1,823
1,379
688

3.5
3.9
8.4

4.4
4.5
9.9

4.4
4.6
9.1

4.7
4.7
9.2

4.3
4.3
8.3

4.3
4.4
9.6

5,591
1,417

7,014
1,499

6,994
1,472

5.3
7.7
6.3

6.3
8.1
7.6

6.5
9.0
7.7

6.6
8.6
7.6

6.5
8.3
7.5

6.5
8.2
7.6

704
1,632
900
1,615
231

914
1.846
1.207
2,031
254

937
1.908
1,191
1,933
307

2.2
4.3
6.2
8.3
6.3

2.6
5.2
7.8
10.8
6.5

3.0
5.3
8.0
10.2
7.1

2.8
5.2
7.8
11.5
7.6

2.9
4.9
8.5
10.6
6.7

2.9
5.1
8.3
10.1
8.1

5,341
1.998
35
697
1,266
763
503
3,343
258
1,491
1,594
506
178

6.589
2.569
69
1.014
1.486
876
610
4,020
336
1.910
1,774
515
218

6.517
2,500
58
919
1.523
917
606
4,017
343
1,772
1,902
604
231

5.7
6.9
4.7
11.2
5.8
5.9
5.6
5.2
4.0
6.3
4.7
2.8
9.5

7.0
9.2
7.5
15.0
7.6
8.3
6.6
6.0
5.4
7.3
5.2
3.2
9.9

7.2
9.0
6.4
14.7
7.4
7.7
7.0
6.4
5.5
7.7
5.7
3.2
11.2

7.4
9.7
8.5
15.6
6.2
8.4
7.9
6.3
5.4
7.6
5.7
2.8
1&2

7.1
9.1
8.7
167
7.0
7.1
6.9
6.2
5.1
8,1
5.1
2.8
11.5

7.0
8.9
7.5
16.1
12.
7A
6.9
62
5.1
7.6
5.5
3.3
11.9

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men. 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

„

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2

-•

.

*

••••-

•

OCCUPATIONS
Managerial and professional specialty
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing

~
-

INDUSTRY
Nonagncuhurai private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
......
.......
.......
Manufacturing
Durable goods
«
Service-producing Industrie*
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
.........
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers „
1

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3
Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not
2

available because the seasonal components are small relative to the
trend-cyde and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot be
separated with sufficient precision.

Table A-5. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Weeks of unemployment
Aug.
1990

July
1991

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

Aug.
1991

3,225
2,197
1.414
674
741

3,526
2,855
2.195
1,074
1,121

3.307
2.743
2.188
1,014
1.174

3,275
2,077
1,568
822
746

3,287
2,745
2,229
1,226
1,003

3,654
2,717
2,234
1,206
1,028

3,427
2.862
2.573
1,411
1,162

3.368
2.722
2.348
1,215
1.132

3,385
£602
2.396
1,221
1,175

12.1
5.2

13.2
6.3

13.9
7.1

12.3
5.3

13.7
7J3

12.9
6.5

14.2
6.9

13.9
6.6

14.0
72

100.0
47.2
32.1
20.7
9.9
10.8

100.0
41.1
33.3
25.6
12.5
13.1

100.0
40.1
33.3
26.6
12.3
14.2

100.0
47.3
30.0
22.7
11.9
10.6

100.0
39.8
33.2
27.0
14.8
12.1

100.0
42.5
31.6
26.0
14.0
11.9

100.0
38.7
32.3
29.0
15.9
13.1

100.0
39.9
32.3
27.8
14.4
13.4

100.0
40.4
31.0
26.6
14.6
14.0

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and osr^r
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

..

Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration. In weeks ..„

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

„
„




„

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Tablt A-6. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason
Aug.
1990

July
1991

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

Aug.
1991

3,145
824
2.320
1,078
1,935
680

4.339
1.048
3.291
1.041
2,143
1,053

4.320
1.061
3.259
963
2,160
775

3.388
993
2,395
969
1,872
669

4,528
1,370
3.158
987
2.053
741

4.657
1,343
3,314
1.053
2,202
779

4,869
1,389
3,481
1,090
2,143
741

4.596
1,188
3,408
990
2.047
821

4,665
3,384
683
2.112
762

—

100.0
46.0
12.1
33.9
15.8
28.3
9.9

100.0
50.6
12.2
38.4
12.1
25.0
12.3

100.0
52.4
12.9
39.6
11.7
26.5
9.4

100.0
49.0
14.4
34.6
14.3
27.1
9.7

100.0
54.5
16.5
38.0
11.9
24.7
8.9

100.0
53.6
15.5
36.1
12.1
25.3
9.0

100.0
55.1
15.7
39.4
12.3
242
8.4

100.0
544
14.1
40.3
11.7
24.2
9.7

100.0
554
15.2
402
10.5
25.1
9.0

—...,

2.5
.9
1.5
.5

3.4
.8
1.7
.8

3.4
.8
1.7
.6

2.7
.8
1.5
.5

3.6
.8
1.6
.6

3.7
.8
1.8
.6

3.9
.9
1.7
.6

3.7
.8
1.6
.7

3.7
,7
1.7
.6

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff.........
Other Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
„

-

.-

_
_ ta
-

»

„

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed

«

-

on layoff ....!""I"!!!!!"!.....!!!I"!..»"!!!!"!!!I!""!
Other Job losers „....".
Job leavers
_
„
Reentrants
„
„
«
New entrants

-!!!!
»

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
job losers
„
Job leavers
Reentrants ...*....«.....!...,..«*......
New entrants

„
H

Table A-7. Rings of unemployment measure* based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor forei, seasonally
adjusted
(Perotnt)
Quarterly averages
1990

Measure
II

III

Monthly data
1991

IV

1

1991
II

June

U-1 penonsuneoployediSweetaorlorio^asaperoentofthec^ilM
U-2 Jobtotema t a percent of the chrllan labor force

-

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the cMKan
tabor force for persons 25 yearn and over
-

July

Aug.

1.1

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.9

zo

1.9

1.9

2.5

2.7

3.0

3.5

3.7

&9

3.7

3.7

42

4.4

4.7

5.3

5.5

5.6

5.3

5.5

5.0

5.2

5.7

6.3

6.5

6,6

6.5

6.5

5.2

5.5

5.8

6.4

6.7

6,0

6.7

6.7

5.3

5.6

6.9

6.5

6.8

7.0

63

6.8

7.3

7.8

8.1

9.0

9.2

9.2

92

9.2

8.0

8.3

8.9

9.8

10.0

NA

NA

NA

LM Unemployed fuNlme Jobteekers as a percent of the fuMlme cWlan
l^bor force

•"••

tUfa Total unemployed ae a percent of the labor force.
U-Sb Total unemployed ae a percent of the civilian labor
#Af£a

......

....

»

.........•••.»i.<

U-6 Total fun-time jobteekers plus 1/2 part-time Jobseekers plus 1/2 total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor
force lets 1/2 of the part-time labor force
U-7 Total fuMime Jobseekers plus 1/2 parMlms Jobseekers plus 1/2 total
on DArt tknft fro tYyinnfnic t n m o r a nktax dl&tftur&ood workftrsfts41

percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
1,2 of the part-time labor force
N A - not available.




-•»

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Unemployed parsons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Sex and age

Total 16 years and over
16 to 24 years

„

16 to 17 yeans
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years

™
«

25 to 54 years
55 years and over

...
-

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years „
...........
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
„
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 yea/8 and over
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years „.„...„...
20 to 24 years ..„
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1

„
-..
—

.....
..

„.,

.......

......
«

»
„

«
.

.......

Unemployment rates1

Aug.
1990

July
1991

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

Aug.
1991

7,015
2,382
1,164
501
651
1,218
4,610
4 039
528

8,501
2,905
1,371
618
739
1,534
5,542
4,992
616

8,488
2,678
1,230
555
667
1,448
5,765
5,107
645

5.6
11.4
16.6
18.8
14.9
8.8
4.4
4.6
3.4

6.6
12.8
18.1
21.2
16.3
10.1
5.4
5.7
3.8

6.9
13.8
19.1
20.4
18.9
11.2
5.5
5.7
4.1

7.0
13.8
19.2
20.2
16.6
11.1
5.6
5.8
4.5

6.8
14.3
20.6
24.0
18.0
11.2
5.3
5.6
4.0

6.8
13.4
19.0
22.0
16.8
10.7
5.5
6.7
42

3,889
1,268
644
284
357
624
2,595
2,230
333

5,001
1,665
750
329
405
915
3.288
2,940
412

4,882
1,508
665
296
369
843
3,330
2,894
427

5.7
11.7
17.6
20.7
15.7
8.6
4.5
4.6
3.8

6.9
14.3
19.3
22.0
17.7
11.9
5.8
5.9
4.4

72
14.5
21.1
21.2
21.7
11.2
5.8
6.1
4.7

7.4
15.1
21.7
20.5
22.3
11.9
5.9
5.9
4.7

7.3
15.4
21.7
24.1
19.2
12.5
5.7
6.0
4.7

72
U2
19.7
22.9
17.6
11.6
5.8
5.9
5.0

3,126
1,114
520
217
294
594
2,015
1,809
195

3,500
1,239
621
289
334
618
2,254
2,052
204

3,606
1,171
565
259
298
606
2.435
2.212
217

5.5
11.2
15.4
16.9
14.0
9.0
4.3
4.5
2.9

62
11.2
169
20.4
14.9
8.1
52
5.5
3.0

6.5
13.1
16.9
19.5
15.8
11.1
5.1
5.4
3.3

6.5
12.4
16.4
19.9
14.6
10.3
5.3
5.5
42

62
13.0
19.4
23.9
16.7
9.6
4.8
5.0
3.1

6.4
12.6
18.4
20.9
16.0
9.6
5.1
54
3.3

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-9. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor force
Cfvilan
noninstttutlonal
population

Veteran status
and age

Unemployed
Total

Employed

Number

Aug.
1990

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Aug.
1991

7,658
6.513
1,382
3,283
1,848
1.145

7,798
6,456
1,128
3,069
2.259
1,342

6.957
6.155
1,310
3,104
1,741
803

7,075
6,095
1,057
2.918
2,121
979

6,698
5,922
1.242
2,996
1,684
776

6,766
5,822
985
2,807
2,030
946

259
232
67
108
57
27

17,479
8,016
5,256
4,207

18,560
6,451
5,914
4,195

16,340
7.597
4,885
3,859

17,272
7,954
5,517
3,801

15.771
7.321
4,727
3,722

16,392
7,541
5.245
3,606

570
276
157
137

Aug.
1990

Percent of
labor force

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Aug.
1991

306
273
72
111
91
33

3.7
3.6
52
3.5
3.3
3.3

4.3
4.5
6.8
3.8
4.3
3.4

880
413
272
195

3.5
3.6
3.2
3.5

5.1
5.2
4.9
5.1

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total. 35 years and over
35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 years and over

_

NONVETERANS
Total. 35 to 49 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years -

-

„

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served In the Armed Forces
between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have
never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to those 35 to 49




years of age, the group that most dosely correspond* to the bulk of the
Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states

(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted2

Aug.
1990

July
1991

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

Aug.
1991

21,999
14,940
14,126
813
5.4

22,447
14,961
13,769
1,193
8.0

22,486
15.024
13,942
1,082
7.2

21,999
14,803
13,987
816
5.5

22,321
14,740
13,644
1,096
7.4

22,363
14,655
13,530
1,125
7.7

22,403
14,753
13,545
1.208
8.2

22,447
14,725
13,609
1,116
7.6

22,486
14,885
13,796
1,089
7.3

10,150
6,455
6,014
440
6.8

10,365
6,505
5,981
524
8.1

10,384
6,556
6,010
546
8.3

10,150
6,374
5,956
418
6.6

10,305
6,357
5,922
435
6.8

10,324
6,405
5,927
478
7.5

10,344
6,396
5,918
478
7.5

10,365
6,413
5,913
500
7.8

10,384
6,480
5,956
524
8.1

8,878
6,025
5,644
381
6.3

8,919
6,128
5,732
396
6.5

8,922
6,095
5,654
441
7.2

8,878
5,961
5,580
381
6.4

8,906
6,045
5,657
388
6.4

8,910
5,979
5.623
356
6.0

8,914
6,061
5,620
441
7.3

8,919
6,042
5.636
406
6.7

8,922
6,035
5,598
437
72.

4,620
3,238
3,031
207
6.4

4,624
3,161
2.864
297
9.4

4,624
3,109
2,834
275
8.8

4,620
3,175
2,966
209
6.6

4,622
3,115
2,855
260
8.3

4.623
3,130
2,828
302
9.6

4,623
3,105
2,810
295
9.5

4,624
3,099
2,818
281
9.1

4,624
3,047
2,768
279
9.2

7,002
4,697
4,348
349
7.4

7.018
4,532
4,141
390
8.6

7,019
4,532
4,138
393
8.7

7,002
4,591
4,238
353
7.7

7,012
4,593
4,129
464
10.1

7,014
4,545
4,110
435
9.6

7,015
4,552
4,138
414
9.1

7,018
4.446
4,075
371
8.3

7,019
4,428
4,026
402
9.1

6,028
4,104
3,915
189
4.6

6,026
4,122
3,855
267
6.5

6,025
4,076
3,817
258
6.3

6,028
4,064
3,865
199
4.9

6,025
4,034
3,773
261
6.5

6.025
3,985
3,716
269
6.8

6,025
4,058
3,789
269
6.6

6.026
4,054
3,800
254
6.3

6,025
4,033
3,764
269
6.7

13,801
8,731
8,311
420
4.8

13,802
8,703
8,099
604
6.9

13,801
8,614
7,993
621
7.2

13,801
8,641
8,201
440
5.1

13,799
8,724
8,072
652
7.5

13,799
8,712
8,071
641
7.4

13,800
8,642
7,978
664
7.7

13,802
8,511
7,909
602
7.1

13,801
8,536
7,894
642
7.5

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
,
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutionat population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate
,
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
•
Unemployment rate
,
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states — Continued

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted2

Aug.
1990

July
1991

Aug.
1991

Aug.
1990

Apr.
1991

May
1991

June
1991

July
1991

Aug.
1991

5,006
3,418
3,300
118
3.5

5,064
3,510
3,298
212
6.0

5,069
3,514
3,322
192
5.5

5,006
3,380
3,250
130
3.8

5,048
3,417
3,221
196
5.7

5,053
3,412
3,183
229
6.7

5,058
3,443
3,230
213
6.2

5,064
3,426
3,214
212
6.2

5,069
3,476
3,272
204
5.9

8,288
5,504
5,245
258
4.7

8,312
5,546
5,196
349
6.3

8,314
5,429
5,102
327
6.0

8,288
5,447
5,159
288
5.3

8,304
5,523
5,124
399
7.2

8,306
5,487
5,163
304
5.6

8,309
5,447
5,100
347
6.4

8,312
5,497
5,119
378
6.9

8,314
5,373
5,008
365
6.8

9,392
5,877
5,624
253
4.3

9,415
6,051
5,625
426
7.0

9.416
5,950
5,566
384
6.5

9,392
5,810
5,512
298
5.1

9,407
5,960
5,537
423
7.1

9,409
5,969
5,510
459
7.7

9,411
5,940
5,543
397
6.7

9,415
5,952
5,534
418
7.0

9,416
5.908
5,475
433
7.3

12.391*
8,459
7,958
501
5.9

12,538
8,738
8,142
596
6.6

12,551
8,545
8,005
541
6.3

12,391
8,374
7,861
513
6.1

12,496
8,692
8,074
618
7.1

12,509
8,546
8,000
546
6.4

12,523
8,543
8,061
482
5.6

12,538
8,619
8,038
581
6.7

12,551
8,467
7,920
547
6.5

North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
,.
Unemployment rate

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

I

Industry

I

Aug.
j June
f 1990
1991

May
1991

I July
|Au?j.
|1991 E / !l99l£/

i
I June
i 1991

\
l
|July
Aug.
|1991p/ 1991p/

1109,9001109,836 1 OS, 5611108, 5721110,160 1108,736 108,887!108,885|10S,812 108,846

Total
Total private

\ 92,714} 91,Z94| 91,130| 91,3541 91,839 j 90,312

Goods-producing industries

24,0371 24,2471 24,9371 23,794

I 25,396| 24,095
724
399.4

Mining
Oil and gas extraction.

709
398.3

7091
398.7

7051
394.71

4,986|
4,898
4,966
5,449
1,373.1 1,211.411,229.7 1,232.9

Construction
General building contractors.

19,223
13,069

Manufacturing
Production workers.

5,111
1,297

4,688
1,184

706!
399

704
398
4,710
1,172

4,715
1,177

700
394
4,6891
1,1691

23,816
694
390
4,677
1,164

10,570
6,992

11,111
7,375

10,560
6,948

718.0
714.9
482.9
468.9
531.5
527.6
723.2
715.5
261.0
260.5
.348.211, 366.0
979.911, 974.9
582.011, 587.»
.845.411, 851.2
782.1
775.4
967.2
968.6
367.7
358.2

740
511
555
757
276
1,430
2,091
1,665
1,987
817
999
376

692
481
521
7Z3
263
1,353
2,007
1,597
1,846
754
976
364

6971
483!
5191
7211
2611
1,3541
2,0031
1,5991
1,8631
7801
9731
363

7,986
5,586

8,002
5,6061

7,836
5,455

L,761.9
50.2
673.21
L,030.5|
696.4
1,527.4
L,095.6
163.5
863.61
123.61

1,6681
501
6901
1,039
701
1,577
1,094
158
894
131

1,673
48
660
1,005
691
1,542
1,089
159
849
120

7,885
5,492

7,853
5,463

,677.3
1,749.0
44.9
50.3
693.41 668.8
1,040.411 , 0 2 6 . 5
694.3
706.6
1,572.8 1,534.4
11,102.1 1,094.8
162.3
I 161.9
860.1
894.3
121.7
133.2

1,701.2
45.4
663.2
1,001.3
692.2
1,529.3
1,091
163.2
848.1
118.0

85,741

84,524

8,104
5,696

Nondurable goods
Production workers

710
400

90,490

19,1131 18,396 18,4261 IS,3781 18,4031 18,445
,^
,.«* 12,429) 12,4101 12,449
n o , . io
12,9811
12,403
12,456

10,509
6,920

710.4
758.71
Lumber and wood products
482.1
509.71
Furniture and fixtures
528.8
564.7
Stone, clay, and glass products
722.61
757.4
Primary metal industries
261.01
277.0
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
1,427.1 1,364.4(1
Fabricated metal products
2 , 0 8 1 . 3 1,997.911
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment. 11,667.6 1,598.311
11,972.3 1,861.4
Transportation equipment
783.8
807.6
Motor vehicles and equipment
972.7
1,000.8
Instruments and related products
364.5
379.3
Miscellaneous manufacturing

713
395

I 90,4291 90,425
I
23,8471 23,792 23,792

18,556
12,578

18,4881 18,362
12,4911 12,383

i i , 1 1 9 i 10,603
6,999
7,3731

Durable goods
Production workers.

Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products...
Leather and leather products

Seasonally adjusted

I

10,545
6,969

10,558
6,991

696
483
518
718
260
1,358
1,990
1,594
1,845
770
969
363

700
478
520
721
259
1,359
1,986
1,588
1,858
788
969
366

700
484
522
722
260
1,369
1,983
1,586
1,862
789
965
365

7,851
5,4651

7,844
5,467

7,858
5,480

7,887
5,495

1,6771
48!
665!
1,013j
6901
1,540)
1,086 j
1591
854.1
1191

1,677
48
665
1,017
687
1,531
1,086|
1591
854|
120|

1,663
49
672
1,031
688
1,532
1,084
160
856
123

1,681
50
670
1,029
691
1,532
1,088
160
864
122

84,942j 85,0401 85,093

10,575! 10,534
6,9641 6,943

85,020

85,030

5,841
3,550
2,291

5,848
3,5711
2,277|

5,807
3,529.
2,2781

5,819
3,542
2,277

5,839
3,567
2,272

5,814
3,544.
2,270|

5,8191
3,5561
2,2631

5,809
3,546
2,263

5,805
3,547
2,258

5,817
3,560
2,257

6,247
3,647
2,6001

6,1091
3,5381
2,5711

6,1041
3,532
2.572

6,083
3,519
2,564

6,211
3,630
2,581

6,086
3,535
2,551

6,0851
3,528
2,557

6,068
3,517
2,551

6,065
3,5111
2,554

6,047
3,501
2,546

19,846 19,500 19,440 19,463
Retail trade
2,472.912,305.912,293.9 2,306.7
General merchandise jtores
3,238.313,239.113,246.4 3,235.7
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations...12,111.312,052.212,062.7 2 , ,0 68 1.8
762
6,762.01
Eating and drinking places
|6,768 .9 16,781.7 16,741. 3 6

19,714
2,520
3,234
2,084
6,578

19,324
2,372
3,226
2,031
6,560

6,7831
3,306
2,136
1,341

6,7501
3,307
2,123
1,320

6,718
3,292
2,134
1,292

84,504

Service-producing industries.
Transportation and public utilities...
Transportation
Communications and public utilities.
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services.
Health services...
Government
Federal
State
Local

I
I

6,837
3,333
2,132
1,3721

6,7721 6,783
3,3011
3,306
2,139| 2,137
1,3321
l,3<0

28,9701
8 , 9 1 28,959! 28,959
28,547 2
5,328.2 5,317.015,311.0 5,359.9
7,921.1 8,247.318,281.0 8,309.3

I

I 17,1861 18,5421 17,431
3,0011
3,002
I 3,060
4,Z37I 4,112
I 4,086
| 10,040. ll,304| 10,317

_L
2/

• preliminary.




84,3251 85,223

28,388
5,269
7,899

28,576
5,257
8,147

17,218 18,321 18,424
2,953
2,996. 3,038
4,352
A,099| 4,3181
10,1231 10,9651 11,119

19,339! 19,345 19,3431 19,328
2,3461
2,349
2,3561 2,358
3,233
3,232
3,2251 3,229!
2,036
2,035
2,0341
2,03H
6,577
6,571
6,571
6,5711
6,703
3,281
2,130
1,292

6,691
3,277
2,124
1,290

6,696
3,280
2,127
1,289

28,712
5,280
8,206

28,729
5,279
8,248

28,786
5,302
8,284

18,4401 18,456
2,9521 2,971
4,3481
4,359
11,1401 11,126

18,387
2,963
4,342
11,052

18,356
2,972
4,333
11,051

6,7121
3,2871
2,132
1,293
28,645
5,278
8,165

I

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private nonfartn payrolls hy industry
Mot seasonally adjusted
Industry
Aug.
1990
Total private.
Mining

34.7

39.0

Nondurable goods
Overtime hours

j
j

Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

40 .7
39 .6
42 .7
42 .5
43 • 2
41 .3
41 .6
40 .'•
41 .8
42 .4
40 .9
39 .7

41.1
39.2
42.5
42.5
42.9
41.4
41.9
40.8
42.4
43.5
41.0
39.7

40.3
3.9

40.2
3.7

41.5
39.3
40.3
36.7
43.2
38.3
42.0
43.8
41.1
37.9

40.
39
41
37
43
37
42.8
44.S
41

Wholesale trade

3S.1
29.4
nd real estate

Services




34.4

33
39.1
35.5

35.7

29.2
36.2 I

32.8

32.8

2/
Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance,
insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonfarm payrolls.

I

40.9
3.7
41.5
3.7

39.3

iil ly adjusted

38.7

I

41.3 I
3.9 |

Transportation and public utilities

Retail trade.

jJuly
|Aug.
Aug.
11991a/ I1991E'' \ l

45.0

40.3
3.9

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures*
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

I

| June
j 1991

34.8

Manufacturing
Overtime hours.
Durable goods
Overtime hours.

I

44.0 |

Construction

~T

2/
These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative
to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
P = preliminary,

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISMMENI

DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private tionffirm
payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry
Aug.
1990

I Aug.
Uuly
|199l£/

j June
I 1091

I
$9.98 | $10.31 !$1O.3O
10.07 | 10.37I 10.36

Total private
Seasonally adjusted.
Mining

13.66 I

Construction.

13.79

I 13.88

Manufacturing.

10.81

11.19

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products.
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay* and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

11.35
9.13
8.55
11.13
12.96
14.85
10.85
11.80
10.32
14.07
14.52
11.34
8.59

11.76
11.81
9.36
9.34
8.75
8.73
11.40
11.43
13.32
13.44
15.31
15.49
11.20
11.24
12.16
12.18
10.74
10.77
14.82
14.90
15.45 . 1 5 . 5 2
11.68 I 1 1 . 7 2
8.38
8.87

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
. .
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products.......

10.11
9.53
16.16
8.05
6.61
12.29
11.30
13.58
16.06
9.78
6.83

10.43
9.92
18.38
8.28
6.77
12.66
11.44
14.05
16.85
10.08
7.15

10.46
9.87
18.32
8.27
6.79
12.78
11.50
14.14
16.83
10.10
7.11

Transportation and public utilities...

12.97

13.16

13.24

Wholesale trade.

10.76

11.19

11.13

6.73

6.98

I 14.19

I

.1

Retail trade
state.

Finance* insuran
Services.

13.96

r

I

Aug.
1990

i

I June

(July

I Aug.

I 1991

|1991E'

I1991E''

$347 30i$357 .761*355.351: 357.41
347 421 358 .8Ui 353.281 357.76

$10.30
10.40
14.16

601 041 640 .801 617.271 625.87

I 14.02

537 81| 537 .161 538.861 542.57

I

I

11.22 I 11.20 | 441.051 457.671 453.291

453.08

I

11.80
9.35
8.83

8.92

463
371
333
475
550
641
448
490
416
588
615
463
341

10.43
9.83
16.53
8.35
6.84
12.76
11.59
14.03
16.61
10.17
7.16

407
395
635
324
242
530
432
57 0
703
401
258

11.43
13.45
15.52
11.25
12.15
10.78
14.93
15.52
11.73

488 .04!
384 .70i
343 .001
434 .501
566 .10!
656 801
463 63|
509 .501
438 .191
628 ,371
672 08!
478 881
352 ,54|
i
419 291
401 76|
726 01!
341 14!
59 j 251 841
93| 546 911
791 427 86|
601 34|
754 38!
416 30!
273 85j

.761
.591
.581
.251
.801
.521
.111
.831
.931
.13!
.651
.811
.02

| 13.23 I 509.72
11.14

I 409.96

514,56

480.671
371.731
338.911
481.201
567.171
666.071
457.471
501.821
430.801
621.331
662.70)
468.801
343.27

486.16
378.68
345.25
483.49
570.28
673.57
465.75
501.80
438.75
627.06
667.36
47 3.89
353.23

417.35
398.75
701.66
335.76
249.87
552.10
428.951
598.121
735.471
411.071
267.34

422.42
403.03
646.32
350.70
255.32
553.73
440.42
599.81
712.57
421.04
273.51

512.39

514.65

430.32! 424

..siI 425.55

6.97

6.95

197.86

203.821 204.921

204.33

10.36

10.37

354.86

377.20! 368.821

370.21

9.75 I 10.19 I1 0 . 1 4

10.14

319.80

9.94 I 10.42

I

I

334.231 330.561 331.58
1/

p = preliminary.

See footnote 1, table B-2.

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Aug.
1990

Apr.
1991

otal privatei
Current dollars
I $10.07 $10.23
Constant (1982) dollars2/
7.51
7.471
13.76
14.051
Mining
13.83J
14.05
Construction
10.891
11.12
Manufacturing
10.411
10.65
Excluding overtime^*/
13.00) 1 3 . 1 9
Transportation and public utilities
10.331
11.08
Wholesale trade
6.97
6.S0|
Retail trade
10.04| 1 0 . ZZ
Finance, insurance, and real estatel
9.901 1 0 . 1 6
Services
\
I
I
1/ See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers CCPI-ID is
used to deflate this series.
3y Change was -0.3 percent from June 1991
to July 1991, the latest month available.




May
1991

June
1991

$10,321 $10.37
7.49
7.471
14.30
14.131
13.98
14.001
11.19
11.151
10.71
10.701
13.23
13.241
11.12) 11.23
7.01
6.981
10.50
10.351
10.29
10.241

July
1991 £ /

Percent
change
Aug.
|
from:
1991fi/ |Juiy 1991Aug. 1991

$10.36 $10.40
N.A.
7.471
14.27
14.231
14.00) 14.06
11.221
11.281
10.74
10.781
13.25
13.271
11.13
11.22
7.02
7.02
10.40. 10.47
10.261
10.29

L

0.4
C3)

[e,
.5
.4
.2
.8
.0
.7
.3

<*/ Derived by assuming that overtime
hours arc paid at th^ rate of tine and onehalf.
N.A. - not available.
r/ = preliminary.

ESTAUUSHMENr DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private nonfarn payrolls
by industry
(1952=100)

I
I
I

Not seasonally adjusted

\

I

^

I
j
I

Seasonally adjusted

\

I

JAug. (June iJuly
|Aug. |Aug. |Apr. | May Jurn;
1990 11991 |199l£/ |1991p/ 11990 J1991 119911991

I

i
July
j Aug.
1991n/ |199lp/

l Z 6 . 5 i l Z 4 . l l 123.0 ] 124.0 U23.9 120.0 121.2 122.1 120.7 I 121.5
(
I
I
1
1112.81106 .11 104.5 I 107.0 109.9)102.5 103.21103.81 103.8 I 104.2
I
I
I
I
J 65 .31 6 4 . 8 | 62.6
64.01 6 4 . 3 64.41 64.21 6 2 . 3 I 61.7
62.9

Total p r i v a t e .
Goods-producing i n d u s t r i e s
Mining

.1151 .61132.61
I
I
. . .1107
.
.6I1C3.1I
. 1105.41100.61
Durable goods
. 1134.6)126.71
Lumber and wood products
.1125 .31116.41
Furniture and fixtures
.1113 .41105.1
Stone, clay, and glass products
.61 8 7 . 7
. I 92
Primary metal industries
.41 7 6 . 5
Blast furnaces and basic steel products. . I 82
. 1107.91102.81
Fabricated metal products
.61 91.81
. I 95
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment. .1105 .21101.81
.1117 .4(113.31
Transportation equipment.
1125 .11126.3
Motor vehicles- and equipment
83.51
86
Instruments and related p>roducts
97.71
103
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Construction

134.5

135.9

137.4 122.7 124.4 124.4

123.7

122.9

Manufacturing.

100.8 j 103.7

107.1 100.7 101.2 102.0

102.3

103.1

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products
Service~producing industries
Transportation and public utilities..

106.61
110.5!
63.81
98.41
93.71
110.1
121.5
103.0
89.9
123.6
58.3

105.1
112.1
62.5
95.8
9?.4
109.7
120.8
100
83
119
55.2

109.2
119.0
73.1
100.8
94.8
111.4
123.0
102.0
87.0
124.0
59.0

103.51104
110.71109
72.4
98.1
93.5
111.3 108.6
128.8 122.8
104.1 102.4
8 6 . 3 87.0
129.61119 .6
61.51 55.3

132.61132.li 131.3

131.7

130.11127.9

116.31116.21 114.4

115.1

1115.3 113.3

105.81
110.4
68.8
96.8
92.1
108.9
122.7
101.9
86.2
122.1

55.4

56.0

57.8

129.3 130.3

128.3

129.2

114.7\ 114.8

113.0

114.5

112.9

113.3

119.8

1122.9 122.8

114.21 114.5
124.1 | 124.3 1123.3 119.3 120.61121.5
I
121.3 120.8 118.3 119.7 121.3
120.9

120.4

1148.5 150.2

149.4

1117.41115.6

Retail trade

1127.31124.0

Finance* insurance, and r*

state

1/

See footnote 1, table B-2.




106.1
109.3
69
98
94.1
109.7
122.3
100.9
85.7
123.0

105.2
110.0
69.3
95.2
91.2
108.8
122.1
101.6
33.4
121.1

j 110
1119
I 72
I 99,
I 93
1111,
1123,
1104,
I 88,
5
1128,
63.

Wholesale trade

Services

9 9 . 8 1106.1 97.9
97
99.4
100.3
99.6
123.7 I 126.7 1129.6 117.4 119.7 122.4 121,3
122.0
116.9 1124.2 115.3 115.6 117.1 115.6 . 116.2
111.4
101.6J 101.6 I 101.6
105.2 1109.71100 11100
103.6
86.7|
8 7 . 6 I 93.51 854| 35,
85.9
87.6
83.2
75.71
74
76.9
82.41 74
76.2
75.6
77.4
103.0 108.61100
100.4 101.61 102.5
99.4
103.7
90.5 91.21
97.61 91
88.9 I 8 9 . 4
90.3
91.1
101.3 106.11100
101.1 101.31 101.4
98.7
102.2
109 5)111.01 113.6
111.6
121.01107
110.2
114.6
118 61121.81 128.3
124.7
132.51113
122.4
123.8
83 4 83.31 82
82.0
87.01 83
80.8
82.3
96 2 97.11 97.9
98.9
102.01 96
97.6
93.5

114.5

114.3 1116.5 113.4

149.9

146.1 145.4 147.1 148.5

P = preliminary.

107.0
110.4
73.9
99.2
94.4
111.0
122.
102.
85.0
124.5
57.3

117.8

119.2

146.4

147.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTAfi*.ISMriE

DATA

Table B-6 . Diffusion indexes jf employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent) •
Time span

T

June

I July

I Aug. I Sept I Oct.
J
I

fJov.

| dec.

Private nonfarm payrollst 356 industries!/
Over 1-month spanc
1989
1990
1991

53.8
48.3
45.8

Over 3-month span:
1989
1990
1991

54.5 I 53.9
48.7 | 49.4
39.5 lfi/48.9

54.6 I
47.8 I
E/52.2 I

52.9
46.6
/52.9

52.5
54.9
45.6 I 43.7
£/49.9

49.2 |
45.1 t

56.6
41 .4

59.6 I 52.1
40.3 I 4 2 . 0

55.9
40.0

56.0
37.4

55.8
35.8

59.1
35.1

Over 6-month spam
1989
1990
1991

53.4 |
44.9

54.5
42.7

55.9
38.6

53.8
37.2

56 .1
3'*. 8

57.9 I 59.1
30.9 I 28.8

Over 12-month spant
1989
1990
1991

59.6
43.5

57.6
40.3

56.7
35.8

55.8
34.1

56.0
30.6

55.5 I
32.0 |

38.8
38.8

3«!s

48.6
27.3

45.3
33.8

36.
31.

39.9
27.0

41. •
22.0

41.0
21.6

41.7
18.3

38.1 .
20.5 I

35.
21.

3S.S
17.3

39.6
16.2

39.6
21.9

i.9
12.9

36.3 | 32.4
10.1 I 11.2

32.7
10.4

55.6
30.2

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries^/
Over 1-month s p a m
1989
1990
1991

58.6
46.0
31.7

50.7
51.1
28.4

48.9
41.4
29.9

47 .5
47 .8
38 .5

47.1
41.7
46.8

44.2
44.2 ! 45.7
40.3
43.2
39.6 (£/55.0
E/52.9
46.0

Over 3-month
1989
1990
1991

56.
45.
19.4

54.3
43.2
16.5

49.3
45.0
18.0

43 .5
38 .1
30 .2

42.8
38.1
36.3

42.1
37.4

40.3
35.6
E'55.8

Over 6-month s p a m
1989
1990...
1991

57.9 | 51.8
39.9 I 36.7
10.4 | 17.3

48.6
37.1
19.4

41.7
45 .0
32.4
40
fi/39.9

38.1
30.6

38.1
24.1

56.1
33.5
.8

51.8
31.3

46 4
29 .5

41.7
20.9

38.1
19.8

Over 12-month s p a m
1989.
1990.
1991

1
53.6
35.3
jfi/14.0

1
J/ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-*
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month
span. Data are centered within the span.
P = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with




44.6 I
25.2 |

I

35.3
14.0

J

I

employment increasing plus one-half of the industries
with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment.