Full text of The Employment Situation : August 1988
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Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, DC. 20212
Technical information: (202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
Media contact:
523-1913
USDL 88-430
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
SEPTEMBER 2, 1988
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
AUGUST 1988
The number of nonfarm payroll jobs grew moderately in August, and
unemployment edged up, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today.
The overall jobless rate was 5.5
percent and the civilian worker rate 5.6 percent, compared with 5.4 percent
for both measures in July.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the monthly survey
of business establishments, increased by 220,000 in August to 106.5
million, substantially less than the average monthly gain so far this year.
Total civilian employment, as measured by the monthly survey of households,
was about unchanged at 115.2 million in August.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons and the unemployment rate edged
up in August. About 6.9 million persons were unemployed, and the civilian
worker jobless rate was 5.6 percent, seasonally adjusted. Since March, the
rate has moved within the narrow range of 5,3 to 5.6 percent. (See table
A-2.)
Most of the over-the-month increase in joblessness occurred among
adult men, whose unemployment rate rose 0.4 percentage point to 4.9
percent.
In contrast, the rate for adult women edged down to 4.8 percent.
The incidence of joblessness rose slightly for whites to 4.9' percent, while
it was little changed for.blacks (11.3 percent), teenagers (15.8 percent),
and Hispanics (8.4 percent). (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Civilian employment was about unchanged at 115.2 million in August,
and the employment-population ratio remained at its high of 62.3 percent.
The civilian labor force rose substantially—by almost 350,000—as the
labor force participation rate edged up to 66.0 percent, matching the high
reached in February. (See table A-2.)
- 2 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Employment in nonagricultural establishments increased moderately in
August, as payroll jobs rose by 220,000 to a level of 106.5 million,
seasonally adjusted.
This gain, and July's increase of 200,000, followed
larger increases during the first half of the year. Employment in private
nonfarm industries rose only modestly (155,000), and the goods-producing
sector did not increase for the first time since January. (See table B-l.)
Table A« Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Quarterly
averages
Monthly data
Category
1988
I
JulyAug.
change
1988
II
June
July
Aug.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Total employment JL/,.
Civilian labor force...
Civilian employment••
Discouraged workers..
122,882
115,954
121,142
114,214
6,928
62,825
1,027
Thousands of
122,968 123,157
116,352 116,703
121,258 121,472
114,642 115,018
6,616
6,455
63,131
63,090
910
N.A.
persons
123,357
116,732
121,684
115,059
6,625
63,045
N.A.
123,723
116,872
122,031
115,180
6,851
62,799
N.A.
366
140
347
121
226
-246
N.A.
5.5
5.6
4.9
4.8
15.8
4.9
11.3
8.4
0.1
.2
.4
-.3
.6
.2
-.1
.4
Thousands of jobs
105,609 106,057 plO6,257 plO6,476
25,592 p25,655 p25,647
25,498
80,465 p80,602 p80,829
80,111
p219
p-8
p227
Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All civilian workers.
White....
Black
•
Hispanic origin••••
5.6
5.7
5.0
5.0
16.0
4.8
12.5
7.9
5.4
5.5
4.7
4.9
15.0
4.6
12.0
9.1
5.2
5.3
4.6
4.9
13.6
4.5
11.5
9.0
5.4
5.4
4.5
5.1
15.2
4.7
11.4
8.0
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Service-producing....
104,670
25,260
79,410
Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
34.7
41.0
3.8
34.8
41.1
3.9
J_/ Includes the resident Armed Forces,
p^preliminary.
34.7
41.1
3.9
P 34.9
p41.2
p3.9
p34.6
p41.0
p3.8
p-0.3
P-.2
p-.l
N.A.»not available.
- 3 After 4 months of fairly strong growth, factory employment was
unchanged in August, on a seasonally adjusted basis. Although job gains
were registered In the machinery, electrical equipment, and printing and
publishing industries, these were offset by. a drop in textile employment
and smaller declines in 11 other industries. Elsewhere in the goodsproducing sector, employment in the oil and gas component of the mining
industry edged down.
Construction industry employment, which has risen
rather vigorously over the past year, was unchanged in August.
In the service-producing sector, the services industry rose by 95,000
in August, about in line with the recent average for that industry. Both
business and health services, however, posted below-average increases.
Wholesale trade added 20,000 jobs, nearly all in Its durable goods
component. Over the year, employment in that industry has risen by
300,000,
more
than
three-fourths
of
which was in durable-goods
distribution. After 2 months of strong growth, employment in retail trade
showed little over-the-month movement, as only food stores posted a
substantial job increase.
Similarly, employment in the other private
service sector industries—transportation and public utilities and finance,
insurance, and real estate—was little changed In August.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls dropped by 0.3 hour to 34.6 hours In
August, seasonally adjusted. The factory workweek declined by 0.2 hour to
41.0 hours, and manufacturing overtime edged down 0.1 hour to 3.8 hours.
The average workweek in manufacturing has been at or above 41 hours
throughout most of 1987 and 1988, quite high by historical standards. (See
table B-2.)
As a result of the August drop In the workweek, the index of aggregate
weekly hours
of production
or nonsupervisory
workers on
private
nonagricultural payrolls, at 125.5 (1977*100), declined 0.7 percent,
seasonally adjusted. The Index for manufacturing was also down, by 0.5
percent to 96.1. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers were unchanged in August, seasonally adjusted.
Average weekly
earnings fell 0.9 percent, reflecting the decline In the average workweek.
Prior to seasonal adjustment, average weekly earnings dropped 92 cents to
$323.40, while average hourly earnings were unchanged at $9.24. (See table
B-3.)
- A The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 179.4 (1977=100) in August,
seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.1 percent from July. For the 12
months ended in August, the increase was 3,1 percent.
In dollars of
constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 0.5 percent during the 12month period ended in July. The HEI is computed so as to exclude the
effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate
movements—fluctuations in manufacturing overtime
and
interindustry
employment shifts. (Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings Index will no
longer be published in this release.) (See table B-4.)
The Employment Situation for September
Friday, October 7, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT) .
1988 will
be
released
on
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enter*
prise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also in*
eluded in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employmei
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from the
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to repo
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to t
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed an
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is th
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilia
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a specii
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on van
ing definitions of unemployment and the labor force. Th
definitions are provided in the table. The mosi restrictiv
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-1
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represent
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey onl
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on th
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there ar
many differences between the two surveys, among which ar
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, ant
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among th>
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; thi
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each in
dividual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working a
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would b<
counted separately for each appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonally may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
set ooPs-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error
from the results of a complete census. The chances are appro
imately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample w
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from tl
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-perce;
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in i
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total emplo
ment is on the order, of plus or minus 358,000; for tot
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemplo;
ment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do n<
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes bu
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 th;
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ froi
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when th
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly c
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, th
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, th
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less errc
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, amon
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate o
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error fo
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthl
change in the jobless fate for men is .25 percentage point; fo
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most curren
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, thes<
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all th«
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates an
revised. In other words, data for the month of September an
published in preliminary form in October and November anc
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is con
ducted each year. The results of this survey are used tc
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts oi
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation oi
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $22.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and 0 of that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, Including Armed Forces In the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Aug.
1987
July
1988
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1988
June
1988
184,738
123,350
66.8
116,263
62.9
1,736
114,527
3,452
111,075
7,088
5.7
61,388
186,402
125,561
67.4
118,739
637
1,673
117,066
3,541
113,524
6,823
5.4
60,841
186,522
125,088
67.1
118,429
63.5
1,692
116,737
3,455
113,282
6,659
5.3
61.434
184,738
122,042
66.1
114,786
62.1
1,736
113,050
3,143
109,907
7,256
5.9
62,696
185,964
123,055
66.2
116,445
62.6
1,732
114,713
3,228
111,485
6,610
5.4
62,909
186,088
122,692
65.9
115,909
62.3
1,714
114,195
3,035
111,160
6,783
5.5
63,396
88,598
69,001
77.9
65,305
73.7
1,575
63,730
3,696
5.4
89,445
70,205
78.5
66,676
74.5
1,512
65,164
3,529
5.0
89,504
69,855
78.0
66,405
74.2
1,529
64,876
3,450
4.9
88,596
67,937
76.7
63,916
72.1
1,575
62,341
4,021
5.9
89,225
68,445
76.7
64,892
72.7
1,569
63,323
3,553
5.2
96,140
54,350
56.5
50,958
53.0
161
50,797
3,392
6.2
96,957
55,356
57.1
52,063
53.7
161
51,902
3,294
6.0
97,018
55,233
56.9
52,024
53.6
163
51,861
3,209
5.8
96,140
54,105
56.3
50,870
52.9
161
50,709
3,235
6.0
96,739
54,610
56.5
51,653
53.3
163
51,390
3,057
5.6
I
July
1988
Aug.
1988
186,247
123,157
66.1
116,703
62.7
1,685
115,018
3,085
111,933
6,455
5.2
63,090
186,402
123,357
66.2
116,732
62.6
1,673
115,059
3,046
112,014
6,625
5.4
63,045
186,522
123,723
66.3
116,872
62.7
1,692
115,180
3,151
112,029
6,851
5.5
62,799
89,287
68,318
76.5
64,583
72.3
1,553
63,030
3,736
5.5
89,367
68,429
76.6
64,934
72.7
1,523
63,411
3,495
5.1
89,445
68,521
76.6
65,002
72.7
1,512
63,490
3,519
5.1
89,504
68,723
76.8
64,954
72.6
1,529
63.425
3,768
5.5
96,801
54,374
56.2
51,327
53.0
161
51,166
3,047
5.6
96,880
54,728
56.5
51,769
53.4
162
51,607
2,960
5.4
96,957
54,836
56.6
51,730
53.4
161
51,569
3,106
5.7
97,018
55,000
56.7
51,918
53.5
163
51,755
3,083
5.6
TOTAL
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio*'
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Ncnagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force
•„«....
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population7
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate*
Women, 16 years and over
NoninstitirtionaJ population*
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Totai employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.
3
Labor force as a percent of the noninstrtutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
* Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted'
Employment status, sex, and age
Aug.
1987
July
1988
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1988
June
1988
Jury
1988
Aug.
1988
183,002
121,614
66.5
114,527
62.6
7,088
5.8
184,729
123,888
67.1
117,066
63.4
6,823
5.5
184,830
123,396
66.8
116,737
63.2
6,659
5.4
183,002
120,306
65.7
113,050
61.8
7,256
6.0
184,232
121,323
65.9
114,713
62.3
6,610
5.4
184,374
120,978
65.6
114,195
61.9
6,783
5.6
184,562
121,472
65.8
115,018
62.3
6,455
5.3
184,729
121,684
65.9
115,059
62.3
6,625
5.4
184,830
122,031
66.0
115,180
62.3
6.851
5.6
79,668
62,516
78.5
59,546
74.7
2,416
57,130
2,970
4.8
80,608
63,320
78.6
60,622
75.2
2,454
58,168
2,697
4.3
80,669
63,396
78.6
60,594
75.1
2,438
58,156
2,803
4.4
79,668
62,083
77.9
58,825
73.8
2,289
56,536
3,258
5.2
80,326
62,791
78.2
59,883
74.5
2,255
57,627
2,909
4.6
80,402
62,662
77.9
59.590
74.1
2,181
57,409
3,072
4.9
80,526
62,667
77.8
59,797
74.3
2,208
57,588
2.870
4.6
80,608
62,769
77.9
59,954
74.4
2,247
57.706
2.615
4.5
60,669
62,925
78.0
59,834
74.2
2,311
57,523
3,090
4.9
88,685
49,683
56.0
46,840
52.8
680
46,161
2,843
5.7
89,588
50,426
56.3
47,783
53.3
650
47,133
2,643
5.2
89,670
50,637
56.5
48,003
53.5
650
47,354
2,633
5.2
88,685
49,969
56.3
47,308
53.3
609
46,699
2,661
5.3
89,307
50,612
56.7
48,170
53.9
692
47,478
•2,442
4.8
89,382
50,441
56.4
47,960
53.7
587
47,373
2,481
4.9
89,502
50,642
56.6
48,169
53.8
616
47.553
2,473
4.9
89,588
50,775
56.7
48,199
53.8
542
47,657
2,576
5.1
89,670
50,934
56.8
48,466
54.0
586
47,881
2,468
4.8
14,649
9,415
64.3
8,141
55.6
356
7,785
1.274
13.5
14,533
10,143
69.8
8,661
59.6
438
8,223
1,482
14.6
14,491
9,363
64.6
8,140
56.2
368
7,773
1,222
13.1
14,649
8,254
56.3
6.917
47.2
245
6,672
1,337
16.2
14,598
7,919
54.2
6,660
45.6
280
6,380
1,259
15.9
14,590
7,875
54.0
6,645
45.5
267
6,378
1,230
15.6
14,534
8,163
56.2
7,051
48.5
260
6.791
1,112
13.6
14,533
8,141
56.0
6,907
47.5
257
6.650
1,234
15.2
14,491
8.172
56.4
6,879
47.5
254
6,625
1.293
15.8
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian tabor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
r^onagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, ?0 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutiona] population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
-.
Unemployment rate
!
Z
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Aug.
1987
July
1988
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1988
June
1988
July
1988
Aug.
1988
157,134
104,631
66.6
99,482
63.3
5,149
4.9
158,279
106,381
67.2
101,432
64.1
4,949
4.7
158,340
106,146
67.0
101,213
63.9
4,933
4.6
157,134
103,516
65.9
98,181
62.5
5.335
5.2
157,943
104,574
66.2
99,751
63.2
4,024
4.6
158,034
104,209
65.9
99,297
62.8
4,913
4.7
158,166
104,691
66.2
99,932
63.2
4,759
4.5
158,279
104,603
66.1
99,725
63.0
4,878
4.7
158,340
105,007
66.3
99,901
63.1
5,106
4.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
54,558
78.8
52,335
75.6
2,224
4.1
55,196
78.9
53,182
76.1
2,014
3.6
55,233
78.9
53,094
75.9
2,139
3.9
54,183
78.2
51.715
74.7
2,468
4.6
54,699
78.5
52,538
75.4
2,161
4.0
54,618
78.3
52,314
75.0
2,304
4.2
54,662
78.2
52,491
75.1
2,171
4.0
54,732
78.3
52,603
75.2
2,129
3.9
54,825
78.4
52,464
75.0
2,361
4.3
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed ..'.
Unemployment rate
42,061
55.4
40,049
52.7
2,012
4.8
42,568
55.7
40,671
53.2
1,897
4.5
42,884
56.0
40,985
53.5
1,899
4.4
42,332
55.8
40.449
1,883
4.4
42,986
56.3
41,297
54.1
1,689
3.9
42,827
56.1
41,104
53.8
1,723
4.0
42,921
56.2
41,183
53.9
1,738
4.0
42,687
56.1
41,040
53.7
1,847
4.3
43,177
56.4
41,399
54.1
1,778
4.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rato ««.....•.....•...«»•..••«*.*.«..*.*.*...*.
Employed..
Employment-population ratio 2 .,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate..
Men
Women
8,012
67.0
7,098
59.4
913
11.4
12.3
10.4
8,617
72.6
7,579
63.9
1,038
12.0
12.9
11.1
8,028
67.8
7,134
60.3
894
11.1
11.2
11.1
7,001
58.5
6,017
50.3
.984
14.1
15.2
12.9
6,809
58.0
5,916
49.8
973
14.1
14.5
13.7
6,764
57.0
5,879
49.5
885
13.1
13.8
12.4
7,108
59.9
6,258
52.7
850
12.0
12.8
11.1
6,983
58.9
6,081
51.3
902
12.9
14.6
11.1
7,005
59.2
6J038
51.0
967
13.8
13.8
13.8
20,396
13,393
65.7
11,721
57.5
1,671
12.5
20,715
r3,700
66.1
12,031
58.1
1,669
12.2
20,736
13,481
65.0
11,962
57.7
1,519
11.3
20.396
13,150
64.5
11,513
56.4
1,637
12.4
20,622
13,078
63.4
11,482
55.7
1,597
12.2
20,650
13.069
63.3
11,452
55.5
1.617
12.4
20,683
12,989
62.0
11,489
55.5
1,500
11.5
20,715
13,293
64.2
11,774
56.8
1,519
11.4
20,736
13,262
64.0
11,764
56.7
1,498
11.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Emp loyed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate.,
6,121
75.8
5,491
68.0
630
10.3
6,161
74.9
5,569
67.7
592
9.6
6,212
75.4
5,644
68.5
568
9.1
6,054
74.9
5,407
66.9
647
10.7
6,163
75.3
5,511
67.3
652
10.6
6,107
74-5
5,449
66.5
658
10.8
6,064
73.8
5,458
66.5
606
10.0
6,070
7*3.8
5,492
66.8
578
9.5
6,154
74.7
5,566
67.6
588
9.6
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
...
Unemployment rate
,
6,118
60.3
5,379
53.0
739
12.1
6,284
61.0
5,616
54.5
668
10.6
6.166
59.8
5,516
53.5
650
10.5
6,122
60.3
5,430
53.5
692
11.3
6,093
59.4
5,407
52.7
686
11.3
6,059
59.0
5,414
52.7
645
10.6
6,074
59.0
5,421
52.7
652
10.7
6,307
61.2
5,650
54.8
657
10.4
6,182
59.9
5,572
54.0
610
9.9
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
,
Participation rate
Employed
]
".
Employment-population r tio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ...
Men
",
Women
1,154
53.2
852
39.3
302
26.2
28.1
24.0
1,254
57.4
846
38.7
409
32.6
32.3
32.9
1,103
50.5
802
36.7
302
27.3
26.5
28.3
974
44.9
676
31.2
298
30.6
33.7
27.1
822
37.7
564
25.9
258
31.4
27.6
35.5
903
41.4
589
27.0
314
34.8
33.3
36.6
852
39.0
610
28.0
242
28.4
30.4
25.9
917
42.0
632
28.9
285
'31.1
30.4
31.8
926
42.4
626
28.7
300
32.4
32.2
32.7
WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
513
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate.
Employed
Employment-population ratio*.
Unemployed ...
Unemployment rate ...
See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Aug.
1987
July
1988
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1988
June
1988
July
1988
Aug.
1988
12,925
8,688
67.2
8,013
62.0
675
7.8
13,344
9,133
68.4
8,396
62.9
737
8.1
13,381
9,091
67.9
8,357
62.5
733
12,925
8,549
66.1
7,856
60.8
693
13,230
8,828
66.7
8,010
60.5
818
9.3
13,268
8,859
66.8
8,058
60.7
801
9.0
13,306
9,027
67.8
8,219
61.8
809
9.0
13,344
8,984
67.3
8,264
61.9
720
8.0
13,381
8,935
66.8
8,185
61.2
750
8.4
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
8.1
population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispantcs are included in both the white and black population groups.
Table A-4. Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category
Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
1987
July
1988
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1988
June
1988
July
1988
Aug.
1988
114,527
40,542
27,660
6,059
117,066
40,657
28,133
6,127
116,737
40,748
28,284
6,225
113,050
40,308
28,189
6,107
114,713
40,459
28,859
6,055
114,195
40,267
28,567
5,957
115,018
40,485
28,713
6,085
115,059
40,535
28,654
6,145
115,180
40,505
28,632
6,282
1,781
1,472
198
1,853
1,482
207
1,758
1,490
207
1,591
1,393
155
1,678
1,385
155
1,526
1,346
159
1,562
1,359
167
1,539
1,346
148
1,580
1,416
163
102,422
16,140
86,281
1,273
85,008
8,397
256
104,659
16,433
68,226
1,251
86,975
8,605
259
104,334
16,462
87,872
1,202
86,670
8,695
252
101,241
16,794
84,447
1,175
83,272
8,214
248
102,538 101,927
17,015
16,887
85,523
85,040
1,092
1,156
84,431' 83,884
8,637
8,917
281
307
103,000
17,064
85,935
1,150
84,786
8,577
301
103,133
16,959
86,174
1,123
85,051
8,528
255
103,097
17,112
85,984
1,108
84,877
8,491
243
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons ....
Slack work
Could only find part-time work....
Voluntary part time
5,694
2,417
2,900
11,590
6,141
2,450
3,309
12,357
5,559
2,274
2,837
11,957
5,283
2,468
2,526
14,573
5,194
2,236
2,502
15,016
4,844
2.227
2,315
14,790
5,317
2,364
2,637
14,507
5,382
2,490
2,581
15,070
5,181
2,318
2,491
15,021
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5,373
2,207
2,803
11,136
5,869
2,292
3,214
11,911
5,291
2,117
2,742
11,537
5,016
2,265
2,463
14,099
4,924
2,121
2,397
14,592
4,623
2,120
2,236
14,338
5,076
2,199
2,566
14,083
5,185
2,351
2,545
14,669
4,959
2,178
2,429
14,585
CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. flange of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data
Quarterly averages
Measure
1988
.1987
Jflfifi.
Aug.
June
U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.4
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
4.8
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.4
5.9
5.6
5.5
5.4
5.1
4.9
5.0
5.3
U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
Including the resident Armed Forces
6.2
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.4
5.2
5.4
5.5
U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
6.3
6.0
5.9
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.6
U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus
1/2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force
8.5
8.2
8.1
8.0
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.8
U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers
plus 112 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of tha civiiian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force
9.3
9.0
8.8
8.8
8.3
NA
N.A.
N.A.
1.7
civilian labor force
U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force
U-4 Unemployed full-timo jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force
N.A. — not available.
Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Category
Number of
unemployed p*r*orrs
(In thousands)
Aug.
1987
July
1988
7,256
4,021
3,258
3,235
2,661
1,337
6,625
3,519
2,815
3,106
2,576
1,234
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present.
Women who maintain families
1.553
1,258
605
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2.
Aug.
1988
Unemployment ratosi
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1988
June
1988
July
1988
Aug.
1988
6,851
3,768
3,090
3,083
2,468
1,293
6.0
6.1
5.2
6.0
5.3
16.2
5.4
5.3
4.6
5.6
4.8
15.9
5.6
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.9
15.6
5.3
5.2
4.6
5.4
4.9
13.6
5.4
5.3
4.5
5.7
5.1
15.2
5.6
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.8
15.8
1,268
1,212
577
1,436
1,228
502
3.7
4.3
9.0
3.0
3.8
8.7
3.3
3.9
8.4
3.1
3.7
7.8
3.0
4.1
8.6
3.4
4.1
7.4
5,812
1,432
5,174
1,443
~*
5,517
1,321
5.6
8.2
6.9
5.1
7.4
6.2
5,2
7.7
6.4
4.9
7.8
6.3
5.0
8.1
6.4
5.3
7.4
6.5
5,391
2,008
75
709
1,224
707
517
3,383
274
1.615
1.494
647
169
4,955
1,833
42
630
1,161
657
504
3,122
223
1,415
1,484
538
136
5,144
1,967
52
689
1,227
653
573
3.176
239
1,508
1,429
550
203
6.0
6.9
8.6
11.3
5.6
5.5
5.8
5.6
4.4
7.0
4.7
3.7
10.6
5.3
6.5
8.4
10.6
5.3
4.8
6.0
4.7
3.8
5.9
4.1
3.0
10.6
5.7
6.6
10.4
10.5
5.4
4.9
6.0
5.2
4.4
6.3
4.6
2.9
13.9
5.4
6.0
6.7
10.2
4.8
4.4
5.4
5.1
4.1
5.9
4.6
2.8
9.7
5.4
6.3
5.3
10.2
5.2
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.5
6.2
4.5
3.1
10.8
5.6
6.8
6.8
11.0
5.6
5.0
6.4
5.1
3.8
6.5
4.4
3.1
11.4
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
INDUSTRY
Nonagricuttural private wage and salary workers ,
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public unities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industn *s
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Aug.
1987
July
1988
Aug.
1988
3,101
2,305
1.682
642
1,040
3,164
1,473
685
788
1,470
14.2
6.4
100.0
43.8
32.5
23.7
9.1
14.7
Apr.
1988
Aug.
1987
May
1988
June
1988
July
1988
Aug.
1988
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
784
825
2,965
2,078
1,629
838
791
3,197
1,890
1,512
727
785
13.4
5.6
13.8
5.9
12.9
6.0
13.6
6.3
13.7
5.9
100.0
47.2
29.5
23.3
10.9
12.3
100.0
45.3
31.1
23.7
11.5
12.1
100.0
47.4
29.2
23.4
11.2
12.1
100.0
44.4
31.1
24.4
12.6
11.9
100.0
46.6
28.7
24.5
12.6
12.0
3,125
1,956
3,075
2,110
1,540
725
816
1,609
800
3,203
2,142
1,896
834
1,062
12.7
5.6
13.5
5.9
14.3
6.4
100.0
46.4
32.0
21.6
10.0
11.5
100.0
46.5
31.4
22.1
10.1
12.0
100.0
44.2
29.6
26.2
11.5
14.7
3,095
2,094
2,186
669
3,066
1,957
1,676
859
817
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
,
,
,
I
Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Reasons
Aug.
1987
July
1988
3,145
730
2,957
781
2,176
975
2,887
890
1,880
1,011
100.0
44.4
10.3
34.1
15.0
28.1
12.6
2.6
.9
1.6
.7
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1988
June
1988
July
1988
Aug.
1988
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
,
2,415
1,062
1,991
2,916
821
1,688
822
3,389
874
2,515
992
1,969
855
100.0
43.3
11.4
31.9
14.3
27.5
14.6
100.0
43.4
11.1
32.3
15.9
28.4
12.3
2.4
.8
1.5
.8
3,059
863
2,196
944
3,087
852
3,138
891
2,095
993
3,236
793
2.443
926
2,235
904
1,784
915
1,789
807
1,723
777
1,901
776
2,247
997
1,669
793
100.0
47.0
12.1
34.9
13.8
27.3
11.9
100.0
44.1
12.4
31.7
15.0
27.0
13.8
100.0
47.9
11.7
36.2
13.7
26.5
11.9
100.0
47.0
13.3
33.8
14.5
26.5
11.9
100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
13.6
28.5
11.6
100.0
46.2
13.1
33.1
14.7
27.5
11.7
2.3
.9
2.8
1.5
.7
2.4
.8
1.5
.8
2.5
.8
1.4
.6
2.5
.7
1.6
.6
2.6
.8
1.6
.7
2.7
.8
1.5
.7
739
2.148
1.062
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
1.5
.6
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)
Unemployment rates1
Sex and age
July
1988
Aug.
1988
7,256
2,736
1,337
6,625
2,468
1,234
638
688
569
630
1,234
4,150
Aug.
1987
Total, 16 years and over ....
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1988
June
1988
July
1988
Aug.
1988
6.0
5.4
11.2
15.9
17.8
14.2
8.7
4.1
4.3
2.9
5.6
11.3
5.3
10.3
5.4
10.9
15.6
16.1
15.3
13.6
15.4
12.9
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.5
4.1
4.4
2.9
15.2
17.5
13.0
8.5
4.2
4.4
5.6
11.1
15.8
18.7
13.9
8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2
5.3
11.2
15.8
17.2
5.6
11.6
16.2
16.7
5.2
10.5
14.7
14.7
8.8
4.1
4.2
3.1
15.8
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.7
14.2
5.6
11.3
5.6
11.0
15.0
5.4
10.0
12.4
15.5
14.7
13.7
11.6
8.7
4.2
483
3,691
461
6,851
2,513
1,293
607
671
1,220
4,358
3,871
476
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 13 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,021
3,519
3,768
6.1
1,518
763
363
1,334
704
302
370
630
2,174
1,906
275
1.359
12.5
17.8
20.5
15.9
Worhen, 16 years and over.
3,235
1,218
574
275
1,399
4,544
4,050
387
755
2,528
2,215
302
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
301
644
2,016
1,835
181
3,106
1,134
530
267
260
604
1.976
1,785
186
678
297
371
11.8
16.2
18.3
14.7
9.4
4.7
4.9
3.2
2.426
9.6
4.7
2,118
301
4.9
3.4
3.083
1.154
6.0
11.0
14.4
681
615
310
300
539
1,933
1,753
175
16.0
13.4
9.0
4.7
5.0
2.9
16.0
18.4
13.7
8.7
4.2
4.5
2.7
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.2
8.4
17.0
8.2
4.1
4.2
3.2
4.6
2.6
3.1
5.3
11.3
16.6
17.9
14.7
8.4
3.9
4.1
3.1
5.7
10.5
13.6
17.0
11.2
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.0
5.6
11.5
15.9
17.6
14.7
9.0
4.4
4.5
3.4
5.6
10.7
15.8
19.8
12.9
7.8
4.4
4.6
2.8
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Unemployed
:
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
*
Aug.
1987
July
1988
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1986
May
1988
June
1988
July
1988
Aug.
1988
25,868
16,984
65.7
15,045
58.2
1,939
11.4
8,884
26,451
17,508
26,490
25,868
16.697
64.5
26,289
16,733
26,340
16.698
63.7
14,939
56.8
63.4
26.396
16,735
63.4
14,818
15,017
26,451
17,021
64.4
15,319
26,490
17,250
65.1
15,524
58.6
56.3
56.9
57.9
1,795
1.879
11.3
1,718
10.3
9,661
1,701
10.0
1,694
9.430
9,497
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
66.2
15,633
59.1
1,874
10.7
8,943
1,726
10.0
9,240
14,804
57.2
1,893
11.3
9,171
10.7
9,556
9,642
16.993
64.1
15,299
57.8
10.0
4
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Occupation
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
6,659
5.8
5.4
672
312
360
773
379
394
2.4
2.2
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.7
1,546
76
14,064
18,231
1,622
112
696
813
816
4.4
3.1
4.8
4.3
4.1
2.1
4.4
4.3
956
1,932
12,389
15,628
947
2,167
12,514
1,257
63
75
1,119
1,107
48
81
978
7.6
6.2
3.7
8.3
6.6
4.8
3.6
7.3
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
14,073
4,627
5,323
4,122
13,910
4,415
5,421
4,074
770
188
360
222
615
133
306
176
5.2
3.9
6.3
5.1
4.2
2.9
5.3
4.1
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
18,161
8,346
4,750
5,065
935
4,130
13,404
8,176
4,912"
5,315
1,001
4,314
1,609
709
306
594
120
474
1,506
684
238
534
140
394
8.1
7.8
6.1
10.5
11.3
10.3
7.6
7.7
5.5
9.1
12.3
8.4
3,981
3,911
242
255
5.7
6.1
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1963
114,527
116,737
7,088
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
27,750
13,791
13,958
28,980
14,575
14,405
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical.„;
35,285
3,470
13,708
18,107
35,904
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
15,277
Total, 16 years and over1
Farming, forestry, and fishing
3,609
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
655
1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Veteran status
and age
Civilian labor force
Civilian
nonlnstitutlonal
population
Unemployed
Total
Employed
Number
Aug.
1967
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1998
Aug.
1997
Aug.
1988
7,847
6,184
895
2,552
2,737
1,663
7,896
5,864
655
2,106
3,103
2,032
7,241
5,904
839
2,428
2,637
1,337
7,311
5,621
612
2,007
3,002
1,690
6,934
5,655
777
2,310
2,568
1,279
7,066
5,416
576
1,935
2,905
1,650
307
249
62
19,585
8,910
6,252
4,423
20,542
9,155
6,883
4,499
18.601
8,549
5,921
4,131
19,525
6,747
6,555
4,223
17,788
8,132
5,692
3,964
18,739
8,352
6,305
4,082
Aug.
1987
Aug.
1988
Percent of
labor fore*
Aug.
Aug.
J.987
1988
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over
58
245
205
36
72
97
40
4.2
4.2
7.4
4.9
2.6
4.3
3.4
3.6
5.9
3.6
3.2
2.4
813
417
229
167
786
395
250
141
4.4
4.9
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.5
3.8
3.3
118
69
NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Hot seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status
Seasonally adjusted2
Aug.
1987
July
1988
Aug.
1938
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1986
May.
1986
June
1938
July
1983
Aug.
1938
20,599
13,875
13,125
750
5.4
21,012
14,299
13,461
838
5.9
21,043
14,256
13,462
794
5.6
20,599
13,777
13,031
746
5.4
20,894
14,077
13,362
715
5.1
20,931
14,142
13,251
891
6.3
20,972
14,105
13,315
790
5.6
21,012
14,131
13,374
757
5.4
21,043
14,159
13,373
786
5.6
9,463
5,927
5,591
337
5.7
9,693
6,199
5,886
313
5.1
9.711
6,235
5,921
314
5.0
9,463
5,853
5,530
323
5.5
9,628
6,093
5,773
320
5.3
9,648
6,086
5,780
306
5.0
9,671
6,115
5,831
284
4.6
9,693
6,102
5,837
285
4.3
9,711
6,162
5,862
300
4.9
8,745
5,904
5,503
402
6.8
8,786
5,869
5,507
362
6.2
8,787
5,962
5,559
402
6.7
8,745
5,833
5,420
413
7.1
8,773
5,746
5,332
414
7.2
8,776
5,733
5,352
381
6.6
8,781
5,709
5,332
377
6.6
8,786
5,760
5,394
366
6.4
8,767
5,887
5,472
415
7.0
4,590
3,165
3,076
89
2.8
4,604
3,200
3,085
116
3.6
4,604
3,186
3,088
99
3.1
4,590
3,099
3,006
93
3.0
4,599
3,163
3,072
91
2.9
4,600
3,124
3,036
88
2.8
4,603
3,188
3,076
112
3.5
4,604
3,137
3,020
117
3.7
4,604
3,119
3,015
104
3.3
6,940
4,690
4,300
390
8.3
6,999
4,658
4,296
362
7.8
7,002
4,662
4,337
325
7.0
6,940
4,612
4,207
405
8.3
6,981
4,556
4,220
336
7.4
6,986
4,498
4t205
293
6.5
6,993
4,553
4,253
300
6.6
6,999
4,587
4,251
336
7.3
7,002
4,566
4,229
337
7.4
6,008
4,034
3,878
156
3.9
6,042
4,053
3,834
168
4.2
6,044
4,029
3,886
143
3.6
6,008
3,935
3.817
168
4.2
6,032
3,969
3,831
138
3.5
6,034
3,922
3,776
146
3.7
6,039
3.955
3,810
145
3.7
6,042
3,969
3,825
144
3.6
6,044
3,933
3,828
155
3.9
13,760
8,655
8,280
376
4.3
13,777
8,714
8,350
365
4.2
13,774
8,742
8,375
367
4.2
13,760
8,508
8,119
389
4.6
13,769
8,363
8,072
291
3.5
13,770
8,429
8,071
358
4.2
13,774
8,516
8,220
296
3.5
13,777
8,537
8,171
366
4.3
13,774
8,589
8,206
383
4.5
4,820
3,332
3,193
139
4.2
4,889
3,411
3,302
109
3.2
4,894
3,388
3,287
101
3.0
4,820
3,288
3,148
140
4.3
4,869
3,300
3,177
123
3.7
4,875
3,297
3,183
114
3.5
4,883
3,318
3,213
105
3.2
4,889
3,332
3,235
97
2.9
4,894
3,339
3,236
103
3.1
8,162
5,289
4,924
365
6.9
8.203
5,336
5,064
272
5.1
8,205
5,343
5,044
299
5.6
8,162
5,234
4,873
361
6.9
8,190
5,277
4,945
332
6.3
8,194
5,248
4,922
326
6.2
8,199
5,271
4,959
312
5.9
3,203
5,252
4,973
279
5.3
8,205
5,298
5,000
298
5.6
California
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population ,
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted2
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status
Aug.
1987
July
1988
Aug.
1988
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May.
1988
June
1988
July
1988
Aug.
1988
9,325
5,735
5,433
302
5.3
9,325
5,786
5,526
12,072
8,277
7,757
520
12,072
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
9,296
9,325
5,837
5,882
5,534
303
5.2
12,032
8,440
7,742
698
8.3
5,568
9,325
5,928
5,680
9,296
5,691
5,375
315
5.3
249
4.2
316
12,072
8,492
12,072
8,469
7,901
568
6.7
12,032
8.354
5.6
9,315
5.753
5,477
276
4.8
9,317
5,661
9,322
5,702
5,375
286
5f410
292
5.1
5.1
260
4.5
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
;
Unemployed.
Unemployment rate ..
7,930
562
6.6
1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
4
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,
7,659
695
8.3
12,058
8,334
7,711
623
7.5
12,061
8,372
7,770
602
7.2
12,067
8.518
7,926
592
6.9
6.3
8,381
7,814
567
6.8
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table 8-1. Employ*
on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
I
I Aug. | June
I July
{Aug. | Aug. 1 Apr. I
I 1987 I 1933 I1988P/ |1938p/ I 1987 I 1983
Total
I
May I June I July
1988 ! 1988
j Aug.
1102,4711106,9201106,0551106,287 1102,6721105,2311105*4391106,057 1106,257 1106,476
I
Total private
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I 36,4751 89.473) 39.6051 89,9441 35.6561 87,9731 83.1391 55,6731 38,9271 89,080
I
Goods_producing industries.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
25,284) 25,9031 25,3791 26,1001 24.3511 23,4351 25.4661 25.5921 23.6551
I
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors.
7341
412.4
I
I
I
742!
7421
7451
421.31 424.Ot 419.91
5,6901
5.5101 5.634
5,352
1,403.2 1*453.211,475.9 1,479.21
Manufacturing
Production workers
I 19,195
I 13, 098
Durable goods
Production workers.
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and f i x t u r e s
Stone* clay* and g l a s s products
Primary aetal industries
Blast furnaces and basic s t e a l products.
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except e l e c t r i c a l
Electrical and e l e c t r o n i c eouipemnt
Transportation e«»uipm«nt
728J
I
I
412
421
,012
,326
5,233
1,400
I
7391
4251
5,237
1,394
,5151 11 5631
,6761 7 7201
11,565
7,723
7571
7571
5411
5371
5881
5*7 j
7381
7311
281)
2811
.457!
I, 464|
.1341 2, 1501
,1201 2 1211
*0471 2, 0531
3581
850!
7151
7151
3861
332!
755
537
5*4
736
282
1,459
2,160
2,129
2,052
359
713
385
3, 0261
6631
3,019
5,649
631)
521
7291
0921
6911
567|
0691
1671
381!
1471
1,627
51
721
1,091
693
1,572
1,073
163
376
147
3,0041
5,6301
8,1161
5,7331
,3651
,5551
8*0011
5.64*1
3,013!
5,6531
.0291
,665
11,712.9 1*648.411,670.611,714.51
49.71
43.91 51.11
j 54.3
,6251
54)
723)
,0981
6801
,5141
,0291
165)
8271
145)
1*64*1
54|
727!
1*1001
6*7|
1,554)
1*0561
165)
864(
146,
1,6431
521
728!
1,1001
6891
1,559!
1,0601
1661
870!
1461
,645
53
727
,394|
.1711
,2231
5.5431
3,29*1
2,2451
5,5561
5,30*1
2.2481
5321
3521
2501
5971
3451
2521
5,609
3,351
2,253
,S92|
6.206
6*089) 6,115!
6.2251
3*697
3.7131 3 ,4431
3,6101
3,6351
2*5091 2.5121 2 ,4291 2,4791 2,4*01
I 19.425) 1*
19,0931 19,1301
Retail trads
I 13.6«4| 19.3591 19,3631
4491
546f
Ceneral merchandise s t o r e s
12*397 .912,4*4.312*4*5.212*492.11
2,5411
961)
3,0531
049t
Food stores
12*968.2 3.089.0)3.110.2)3*124.2!
0101
2*0701
064(
Automotive dealers and service stations...I 2*034.7 2*099.012.114.212*113.61
1431
3261 6,3361
Eating and drinking places
16,353.3 6.561.516.540.516,574.41
143!
6601
4*3
171!
6791
4921
6,190
i.695
2*495
205 19
549
2
080!
0761
3521
267 ( 19,290
5461 2.546
0931 3,115
0891 2,093
3691 6,377
6791
304)
74|
6361
5021
0761
30*1
Transportation and public u t i l i t i e s . .
Transportation
Communication and public u t i l i t i e s .
esale trade
Durable g o o d s . . . Nondurable goods.
3,069
5,696
11,403.911*462.611.443.111,457.1
12*019.7(2*144.512,141.312.148.3
12*080.6(2,126.512,110.712,123.31
12.026 .2(2* 051. 0 12*026.212,015.5!
857.2
340.61 829.71
844.31
715.5
714.11 718.51
696.31
376.71 3*7.51
335.1
374.51
Nondurable goods
Production workers.
Service-producing industries
7.9661
5,6451
2 |
11*4591 11*477
4331 7*6321
7,649
»
757j
7581
7«
5371
5351
524
5*51
587
5*0
773
755
7761
281
274
2811
1*444
1.4481
,405
,031) 2*111
2,1211
2,117
,0811
2,1151
2*0451
,0631
2,04*1
34<|
374)
851)
706 f
6961
7091
3721
* |
.30*1
5.328
,3251
,4001
1*398
,412!
1
.5441 19 539! 19,584
,341! 13 3301 13.377
779.9
535.3
597.3
783.3
282.2
Food and kindred products
Tobacco Manufactures
Textile Mill products.
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber end misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
775.41
534.9)
599.91
736.11
282.81
735
419
776.41
526.51
598.01
777.41
281.91.
Motor vehicles and equipment.
Instruments and related products.
Miscellaneous •anufacturin*
763.31
521.3)
593.11
752.3)
273.71.
25.647
I
7411
4241
7401
4251
I
I
19,6511 19,5001 19,6681 19 ,1111 19,460. 19,490
13*4241 13,2661 13,434) 13 ,0531 13*230) 13*302
11,2321 11,5821 11,4961 11.5521
7,4531 7,7281 7,6361 7.6961
i
731.11 716.4(
724.21
11.099.4 1.107.911,057.711*092.2
. _
:t\
6*2.3
697.2! 692.1 695
11,509.711.566.111,564.2(1.566.31
1,035.3 1,071.611,075.0 1,079.51
I 168.41
169.61
170.71
170.91
36*.7| 872.21
1 *24.0| 879.51
143.11
140.01
149.4)
j 147.5)
I
(
I
I 77,1*7 *l,017l 30.1761 30,1871 77 .3211 79.3461 80,0231
.1
5,398
3.153
2.240
5,926
3*4*0
2,4461
5,6161
3,3521
2,264
5,614)
3.33*1
2*2761
5.597
3*325
2.272
6,181
3*6731
2,5031
l
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services
Health services
Government.
Federal..
State....
Local
preliminary.
6.6611
3,3151
2,0361
1,3101
6,7431
3,3241
2,0801
1,3391
6,7791
3,3351
2,0861
1.35*1
I
6,7781
3*3331
2*0351
1*3601
5811
2391
0291
263)
6501
3021
0651
1,2351
6.656!
3,2991
2,067!
1*2901
I 2^-5151 25.6761 25.781) 25,8021 24,5691 25.163! 25,2161
1 5, 269 .7 | 5.507 .11 5.539 .7 1 5,578 . 0 5.
I 2121 5,4201 5,4431
16.900.717,232.117,274.9)7,290.21 6**75I 7,1261 7.1531
I
I
1
I
15.9931 17,4421 16*4501 16,3431 17, 0161 17,'303l 17,3501
2,9661
2,9861
3.7491
3,9321
9,2781 10,524)
I
I
2,9961
3,3491
9,6051
I
2,9961
9451
2,9631
2,957|
$',
3,3451
4,041) 4,0501
971!
9.5021 10. 102! 10,3041 10,5451
i
I
I
,097 j
6911
.5651
.0651
1671
373
146
465 30 6021 80,329
3011
6,696
3.307
2,079
1,310
4721 25, 551! 25.648
4301 5, 501! 5.517
2051 7, 239! 7,261
I
379) 17,
5501 17,596
9511 2, 955J
2,972
0491 4, 069!
4,075
3791 10, 5061 10,551
j
I
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table 8-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory worker*!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
I Aug.
1987
June
1983
t
1
Uuly
I Aug.
| 1 9 8 8 E ' I1988o/
Seasonally adjusted
Aug.
1987
Apr.
1988
May
1983
Juna
1983
July
(Aug.
j19S8e/ 11988a/
34.6
35.2
34.9
35.1
35.0
34.3
34.9
34.7
34.7
34.9
Mining
42.7
42.5
42.5
42.5
(2)
(2)
C2)
(23
(23
(2)
Construction
S3.6
33.7
33.6
33.6
C2)
(Z)
(2)
C2)
(23
Manufacturing
Overtime hours.
Durable goods
Overtime hours.
Lunbar and wood products
Furnitura and fixturas
Stone* clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricstad metal products
Machinery* exeapt electrical
Electrical and alactronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vahiclas and equipment
Instruments and ralatad products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
40.9
3.3
41.2
3.9
40.7
3.7
40.8
3.9
41.0
3.3
41.2
3.9
41.0
3.9
41.1
3.9
41.2
3.9
41.0
3.3
41.3
3.3
42.0
. 4.1
41.2
3.3
41.3
3.9
41.5
3.9
42.0
4.2
41.3
4.2
41.3
4.0
40.3
40.3
42.6
42.9
43.3
41.3
41
40.7
41.0
40.7
41.3
39.5
40.9
39.4
42.8
43.7
44.5
42.1
42.6
41.1
43.0
44.2
41.4
39.3
40.3
33.3
42.5
43.1
44.
41,
42,
40.4
41
41
41.
33.6
40,
39
43.0
42.7
43.0
41.5
42.0
40.5
41.
41.4
41.3
39.0
40.5
40.0
42.2
43.3
43.7
41.5
42.3
40.9
41.3
41.9
41
39.7
40.6
39.5
42.5
43.5
43.3
42.0
42.8
41.2
43.0
44.1
41.3
39.4
40.1
39.3
42.3
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.0
44.0
41.4
39.2
41.3
4.1
40
39
42
43.6
44.3
42.0
42.5
41.1
43.0
44.2
41.3
39.3
40.5
39.6
42 _
43.5
44.1
41.3
43.0
41.0
42.6
42.5
41.3
39.3
41.6
4.0
40.2
39.0
42.6
43.1
43.4
41.3
42.4
40.7
42.3
42.6
41.6
39.2
40.4
3.9
40.2
3.6
39.9
3.6
40.2
3.3
40.3
3.7
40.3
3.6
40.0
S.6
40.1
1.6
40.2
3.7
40.2
3.6
40. 6
37.3
42.2
37.3
43.2
38.2
42.1
2
43
41
39
40.3
39.3
41.0
37.2
43.-1
37.6
42.4
45.1
41.7
37.9
40.4
39.2
40.4
36.6
43.0
37.9
42.0
45.5
41.0
37.4
40.8
39.2
41.1
36.9
43.1 I
38.3
41.3
45.4
41.4
40.1
12)
41.6
37.4
43.3
38.2
42.1
(2)
42.0
37.3
40.1
(23
40.3
36.3
43.3
37.7
42.0
(2)
41.7
37.3
40.3
<23
40.7
36.9
43.2
33.0
42.4
(2)
41.6
36.9
40.5
C2)
41.1
36.9
43.3
33.1
42.3
(2)
41.6
37.1
40.4
(2)
40.9
36.3
43.4
33.1
42.1
(23
41.6
37.7
39.7 I
39.5
39.7 I
39.6
40.2
(23
42.0
37.2
43.4
38.1
42.4
C2)
41.6
33.9
39.3
39.5
39.4
39.3
39.4
39.2
38.1
33.3 I
31.0
38.2
38.3
38.0
37.9
38.2
37.8
29.2
29.0
29.3
29.4
29.1
29.3
29.0
(2)
32.5
(2)
C23
C2)
(23
35.5
(23
32.7
32.5
32.5
32.7
32.4
Total private.
Nondurebla goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacture*
Textile mill Products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Cheoiical* and allied products
Petroleum end coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Transportation and public utilities.
>
Wholesale trade
t
1
|
I
I
I
I
I
I
Retail trade
30.2
29.4
30.0 I
Finance, insurance* and real estate.
36.4
35.8
36.2 I
32.9
32.7 I
33.0 I
Service*.
/
Data relate to production workers in einin* and
manufacturing; construction worker* in construction!
and nonsupervisary workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance;
insurance, and rmml estate; and services. These groups
account for approxinatly four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonagricultural payrolls.
37.3
32.3 I
2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is smell
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision,
p • preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table 3-3. Average hourly and weekly *arnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
I
Industry
I
I
I Aug.
i 1987
I June
I 1988
I I
II July
I
i
i
II
I1988£/
Aug.
I Aug. I I June
1933£/ I 1987
I 1988
$9.24
9.31
1
T
I July
| Aug.
1988£/ |1988fi/
$314.69|$322.13 $324.32j$323.40
313.551 321.671 324.921 322.13
I
I
I
529.48 533.38J 538.481 536.78
Total private
Seasonally adjusted.
Mining.
$8.94 I $9.23 I $9.24
9.01 I 9.27 I 9.31
Construction..
12.68
12.85 I 12.90
12.93 I 489.45
497.301 497.94
499.10
9.86
10.16 I 10.16
10.11 I 403.27
418.591 413.51
412.49
448.98
351.74
311.65
448.54
530.96
621.22
431.95
465.62
417.17
574.05
625.87
409.03
311.65
439.60
348.191
309.241
450.501
526.251
620.491
418.401
462.34
408.35
551.69
576.58
408.95
306.48
438.61
348.30
314.79
453.22
517.52
602.43
421.64
458.64
409.86
545.73
566.77
409.28
310.44
377.06
377.88
367.61
580.94
303.32
224.35
501.68
404.07
528.35
669.20
378.81
235.87
12.40 I 12.55 . 12.67
Manufacturing.
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay* and glass products
Pri.-nary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
10.39
8.48
7.74
10.28
11.93
13.74
9.94
10.70
9.88
12.88
13.40
9.74
7.72
9.14
8.82
14.55
7.16
5.88
11.41
10.32
12.33
14.54
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products
II
10.69
8.60
7.91
10.48
12.15
13.96
10.26
10.93
10.15
13.35
14.16
10.67
8.64
7.97
10.60
12.21
14.07
10.18
10.93
10.12
13.23
13.86
9.88
7.93
9.95
7.94
9.39
9.45
Transportation and-public utilities.
9.60
Retail trade
6.07
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
8.74
I
Servi ce«
8.40
I
10.62
8.60
8.01
10.54
12.12
14.01
10.16
10.92
10.12
13.15
13.69
9.91
7.96
I
I
I
I
I
I
9.40
j
429.11)
345.981
311.921
437.93
511.80
594.94
410.52
448.33
402.12
528.08
545.38
402.26
304.941
369.261 377.48
9.13 I 9.01
358.091 367.54 368.35
15.66
14.82 I 549.991 628.04 613.37
7.38 I 302.151 300.53 295.32
7.31
6.00
6.08 I 219.321 226.18 219.60
11.73
492.91) 502.12 504.39
11.64
10.48
394.22) 392.17 397.19
10.55
12.70
519.09 534.24 533.40
12.64
15.03
633.94 678.30 683.87
14.74
369.70 378.22 373.51
9.11
9.15
235.56 237.63 232.25
6.21
6.24
12.30
478.78 484.67 438.31
12.36
367.68 375.29 380.32
9.85 I 9.93
9.89
6.25 I 183.31 184.04 188.40
6.26 j 6.23
9.02
318.141 321.48 326.52
9.04
8.98
3.79
276.36! 2S7.11 290.07
8.78
8.78
9.12
15.78
7.33
6.08
11.65
10.43
12.60
15.04
9.07
8.93
6.27
6.04
12.06 I 12.27
Wholes* 1* trade
12.63
Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers^/
industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally
287.98
private nonagricultural payrolls by
adjusted
Seasonally adjustad
-I.
I
Industry
June
1988
Aug.
1937
Total private nonfarm:
I
Current dollars
I 173.2
Constant (1977) dollars
I 93.2
Mining
1 181.4
Construction
I 154.9
174.5
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities 176.1
177.3
Wholesale trade
160,6
Retail trade
Finance*insurance* and real estate. 188.1
Services
I 130.41
178.2
93.0
184.61
157.31
178.61
180.11
181.71
165.51
194.01
188.51
Percent)
change
from*
July
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
1988j>/ 1988.P/ 19371987
Aug.
1988
178.7
92.9
135.3
157.8
178.91
180.31
133.01
166.1)
194.81
188.91
I
1/ See footnote 1. table B-2.
V Change is -5 percent .from July 1987 to Jury 1968, the latest month available.
%1 Change is less than .05 parcent from June 1988 to Jury 1988. the latest month
available.
4S These series are not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
srn
*H relative to the trend-cycle and/or tires ilar
186.25
320.92
P » preliminary.
See footnote 1, table B-2.
J
375.82
JL
L
If
489.46
178.5
N.A.t
135.31
158.21
178.21
131.2!
182
165.6
195,3
188
3.1
(2)
174.1
93.8
C4)
155.lj
175.3!
1771
177.01
(4)1
161.51
(4)
182.4
2.9
2.3
3.1
3.3
4.7
I
Apr.
1988
May
1988
Juna
1988
178.01
93.61
(4)1
157.81
177.9!
1180.6
6 1
(4)
4.31
164.31
(4)1
188.31
178.7
93.6
178.6
93.2
(4)
157.5
173.4
181.61
(4)|
165.41
(4)
157.8
178.8
131.0
(4)1
165.71
I
jPercent
change
from:
July I Aug.
July
198£p/|1988£/ 1988Aug.
1983
179.3
93.2
(4)
158.8
178.8
131.5
(4)
166.8
(4)
139.9J 1 8 9 . 4 11 1 9 0 . 8 1
I
I
I
179.4
N.A.
(4)
0.1
(3)
(4)
191.01
(4)
-.1
(4)
.1
158.3
179.1
182.21
166.61
\z
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
N.A. Data not available.
p * preliminary.
NOTE: Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings Index series will no longer be
published in this release. For further information, see "Employment Cost Index
Series to Replace Hourly Earnings Index/ Monthly tabor Review, July 1988,
PP.32-35.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nansupervisory workers,!/ on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Tf
Not seasonally adjusted
I
Industry
1
TI
1
Seasonally adjusted
I
I
I
1
I
I
I
I
Aug. I June I July (Aug.. | Aug. | Apr. May I June I July I Aug.
1987 I 1988 11988E/]1988E'| 1987 I 1988 1988 I 1988 |1988£/1198SE/
l
i
l
t
127.51 128.21 128.31 121.61 125.11 124.4! 125.41 126.41 125.5
Total private
I
I
Construction
I
82 .9
133 .9
141.11 139.31 144.01 142.61 142.1
97.01
Durable goods
*
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay* and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
*
Motor vehicles and equipment...•
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
90.31
106.51
112.91
39.11
64.01
51.41
87.51
84.8
99.5
94.2
81.8)
102.0!
83.31
95.21
108.0)
112.8!
91.31
69.21
55.7!
93.71
92.4|
103.1!
100.51
91.31
107.51
1.31
35.
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products
99.31
107.71
71.71
83.31
85.71
100.9
131.9
95.4
86.1
115.1
60 .1
101.41
67.61
81.2!
86.41
102.5
135.1
99.5
38.3
124.7
57.6J
Service-producing industries
I
34 .3
35.11
I 93.91
Manufacturing
i
143.21 152.31 155.7! 157 .6
34.01
Mining
I
102.71 102.1] 103.21 103.41 102.3
!
85.91 84.41 85.0! 36.1! 33.6
102.01 105.21 103.81 105 .4
Goods-producing industria
35.51
94.71
I
99.61
136.61 139.31
99 .6
96.21
92.5! 93.31
91.3! 94.01
106.51 107.61 101.81 104.71
109.01 112.51 112.41 113.21
90.11 91.11 85.91 83.3!
67.21 67.31 65.01 67.61
55.11 53.9!
51.31 54.8!
90.2! 92.01 88.21 91.3
91
90.31 36.51 91.5
100
102.21 100.41 102.8
95.21 94.31 99.4! 100.0
33.31 32.41 8 3 . 5 ! 39.8
106.11 107.81 103.01 106.5
81.11 85.11 32.9! 35.0
97.91 100.5!
103.4) 10S.1I
64.91
68.01
75.41 80.61
30.31 84.5!
101.31 102.21
135.4f 137.11
93.71
99.01
90.91
91.8!
120.61 122.61
57.91
53,21
I
1
93.31 96.11
95.71 96.11
94.31
93.91
103.2!
113.71
87.5!
63.1!
54.61
92.11
91.6!
102.3!
100.21
89.91
106.11
83.9!
94.81
94.3
103.31 103.9! 103.0
113.4) 114.8! 112.3
88.11 87.91 87.9
68.6! 69.0
68.2
55.41 55.1
54.3
92.81 93.1
92.8
91.61 93.6] 92.7
103.01 103.31 103.2
100.0! 99.8! 99.5
90.3
106.6
34.5
33.21 89.4
103.51 108.5
85.11 84.5
97.51
99.1
9S.4I 98.9
99.51 101.0 100.51 101.4
73.21 73.8
71.0! 71.4j
33.01 82.2j 80.61 3 0 . 2 !
85.41 86.2! 84.71 84.81
100.3) 101.41 101.51 1 0 1 : 7 |
132.2! 136.5) 134.91 136.4!
95.51 97.11 97.4| 98.3
83.71 34.91 35.31 36.8
116.51 122.91
123.4
58.4| 55.51 55'.5\ 54.9
99.11 98.8
100.61 99.9
73.7
63.6
81.3
79.7
84.1
84.3
102.1 102.3
136.9 137.2
99.0. 99.1
37.81 39.8
124.4) 123.9
SS.7| 56.6
141.11 133.81 137.41 136.31 157.8
141.71
96.61 96.1
139.1! 138.0
Wholesale trade
115.41 109.91 113.51 113.51 113.31 .
11441 114.3
115.21
I
1
I
121.01 126.41
127.01 119.81 124.81 124.41 124.91 126.3! 125.5
Retail trade
127.71 128.51 131..0
130.71 123.6
126.0
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
144.21 141.9] 144.4
141.91 141.3
141.1
140.1! 140.11 142.31 139.5
Services
156.61 162.31 164.31 163.61 153.5 L59.0
'
»
I
_L
158.31 160.0! 161.41 160.5
Transportation and public utilities.
J/
111.11 115.01
127.41
-
1
See footnote 1, table B-2
125.11 126.21 127.41 126.2
1
P
s
I
1
preliminary.
Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment^/ increased
Time span
Jan.
| Fab.
Mar.
1
Apr.
May
Over 1-month
1986
1987
1988
57.0
50.3
61.6
47.3 1
59.2 !
61.6 1
49.5
61.1
62.2
5a. 8 I
62.4 |
63.3 1
51.9
62.4
58.1
Over 3-month span:
1986
1937
1938
50.0
57.6
71.6
47.6 1
57.0 |
66.8 |
45.7
65.1
67.0
46.2 |
69.2 |
66.3 !
46
68
71
Over 6-month span:
1986
1987
1988
43.1
64.6
73.5
47,
64.
70.
43.8
63.0
70.3
Over 12-month span:
1986.
1987.
1988
I
I
I
42.2
41.6
63.3
67.3
lE/73.4 ifi/78.9
43.3
69.5
\S Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3,
and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries. Data for the 12-month span
are unadjusted.
45.7
76.8
July
1
Aug.
1
| Sept. ! Oct.
46.3
51
54.1 I 51.4
61.6
70. . 62.2
63.9 lfi/60.8 lfi/56.5 | ...»
f 46.2
I 71.9
lfi/68.4
42.7 i 43.2!
43.2
70.3
72.4
E/72.4
44.9
73.5
1
| June
48.1
73.3
E/70.8
Nov.
Dec.
53.0
67.3
58.9
67.3
58.9
63.4
51.9 ( 50.5
76.8 | 74.1
55.9
76.5
59.7
78.1
59.2
73.0
47.0
77.3
46.5
78.4
50.0
79.7
55.9
82.7
53.2
77.8
55.9
77.0
53.4
76.5
48.6
76.8
46.3
73.9
43.6
73.9
51.6
79.7
53.8 !
78.4 I
77
56.5 I
57.8
31.9
-'j
NOTE: Figures are the P«rcent of industries
with employment rising. (Ha If of the unchanged
components are counted as rising.) Data are
centered within the spans.
p=preliminary.
*U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFIC£tt9B3-202-105t80120
@FedFRASER