Full text of The Employment Situation : August 1986
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News
Bureau of Labor Statistics
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
Technical information: (202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
523-1913
Media contact:
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
USDL
86-368
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
SEPTEMBER 5, 1986
AUGUST 1986
Employment rose and unemployment was little changed in August, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
The overall unemployment rate was 6.7 percent and the civilian worker rate
was 6.8 percent; each has declined half a percentage point since May.
Civilian employment—as
measured
by
the
monthly
survey
of
households—rose by about 275,000 in August, while nonagricultural payroll
employment—as measured by the monthly survey of establishments—increased
by 200,000. Over the past year, employment growth in both surveys has
totaled roughly 2-1/2 million.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons was little changed in August at 8.0
million, after seasonal adjustment. The civilian worker jobless rate was
6.8 percent, not materially different from the 6.9 percent of the previous
month.
Unemployment rates this summer have been lower than they were
earlier in the year.
Unemployment rates declined among adult men (to 5.9 percent) and white
workers (to 5.8 percent) in August. Jobless rates among adult women (6.1
percent), teenagers (17.7 percent), blacks (14.6 percent), and Hispanics
(11.0 percent) were all about the same as in July. (See tables A-2 and
A-3.)
The median duration of unemployment was little changed in August,
whereas the mean duration increased from 15.0 to 15.8 weeks. The very
long-term unemployed (27 weeks and over) was about unchanged over the
month
but has risen slightly as a percentage of the total unemployed in
recent months. (See table A-7.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Civilian employment increased by 275,000 to 110.2 million. Employment
growth was concentrated among white workers, while black workers posted
- 2 small job losses. The proportion of the civilian population with jobs was
60.9 percent in August, another record high; that figure has increased 0.8
percentage point over the past year, as civilian employment grew by 2.6
million. (See table A-2.)
Table A* Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data
Quarterly
averages
JulyAug.
change
Category
1986
I
1986
II
June
July
Aug.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Thousands oi persons
Labor force 1/
Total employment 1/..
Civilian labor force...
Civilian employment..
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers..
118,718
110,460
117,027
108,768
8,259
62,798
1,097
119,359
110,912
117,671
109,225
8,446
62,650
1,101
119,796
111,353
118,116
109,673
8,443
62,387
N.A.
119,744
111,554
118,072
109,882
8,190
62,610
N.A.
119,879
111,852
118,182
110,155
8,027
62,646
N.A.
135
298
110
273
-163
36
N.A.
6.7
6.8
5.9
6.1
17.7
5.8
14.6
-0.1
-.1
-.3
0
.2
-.2
.6
.5
Percent of ]Labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/
All civilian workers.
White
Black
Hispanic origin ...
7.0
7.1
6.1
6.5
18.5
6.1
14.6
10.9
7.1
7.2
6.2
6.4
19.2
6.2
14.9
10.7
99,403
25,028
74,375
99,848
24,952
74,896
7.0
7.1
6.2
6.4
19.1
6.1
15.1
10.6
6.8
6.9
6.2
6.1
17.5
6.0
14.0
10.5
11.0
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Thousands oi jobs
Goods-producing
Service-producing....
99,843 plOO,122 pl00,324
24,854 p24,861 p24,923
74,989 p75,261 p75,401
P 202
p62
pl40
Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
34.9
40.7
3.4
34.8
40.7
3.4
1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces,•
p=preliminary.
34.7
40.6
3.3
p34.7
p40.6
p3.5
p34.8
p40.8
p3.5
pO.l
P.2
pO
N.A,,-not ava:Liable.
- 3 The civilian labor force was about unchanged at 118.2 million in
August, after seasonal adjustment.
Over the past year, the labor force
grew by 2.4 million. (Both the over-the-year employment and labor force
changes have been adjusted to account for revisions in the population
estimating procedures introduced in January.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
The number of employees on nonagricultural payrolls rose by 200,000 to
100.3 million in August, seasonally adjusted. The over-the-month gain
would have been even larger except for a net increase of some 40,000
workers who were off payrolls because of labor-management disputes. (See
table B-l.)
In the goods-producing sector, construction employment increased by
55,000, after seasonal adjustment. Total employment in this industry stood
at 5.0 million and has increased by a third since early 1983.
Mining
employment fell by about 10,000, continuing a pattern of decline extending
back to mid-1984, all of which has been in the oil and gas extraction
component.
Manufacturing employment, which had been on a downtrend over
the prior 6 months, held about steady in August. The factory job total was
lower by some 20,000 workers who were off payrolls in the steel industry
due to labor-management disputes. More than half of the manufacturing
industries showed small over-the-month increases.
Employment in the service-producing sector continued to expand in
August.
Services rose by 65,000 over the month, most of it in the health
services component. Finance, insurance, and real estate increased by
4.0,000; job gains in the industry were a vibrant 6.5 percent over the past
year. Employment also rose in wholesale trade over the month.
After
accounting for the effects of a communication workers strike in the
Northeast, employment in transportation and public utilities was unchanged.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls were 34.8 in August, up 0.1 hour after
seasonal adjustment. In manufacturing, weekly hours rose 0.2 hour, while
overtime hours were unchanged. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls increased by 0.5 percent to
118.6 (1977=100), after seasonal adjustment. The factory index was up by
0.8 percent to 93.0. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings rose by 0.5 percent in August, and weekly
earnings were up 0.8 percent, after seasonal adjustment. Prior to seasonal
adjustment, average hourly earnings were unchanged at $8.69, and weekly
earnings increased by 87 cents to $305.02. Over the past year, average
hourly earnings have risen 17 cents, while average weekly earnings were up
$5.12. (See table B-3.)
- 4 The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 169.2 (1977-100) in August,
seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.2 percent from July. For the 12
months ended in August, the increase was 2.2 percent. The HEI excludes the
effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying, wage rate
movements—fluctuations in manufacturing
overtime
and
interindustry
employment shifts.
In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI
increased 1.1 percent during the 12-month period ended in July. (See table
B-4.)
The Employment Situation for September 1986 will be released on Friday,
October 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EDT).
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD, D A T A . It is a sample
survey of about 59,500 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT D A T A . This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes 250,000 establishments employing over 38
million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at
that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks.' Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-1 and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the. following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
• — The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjuetment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal ..vents follow a m o r e or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by a d j u s t i n g the statistics f r o m m o n t h to m o n t h .
These a d j u s t m e n t s m a k e noriseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. T o return to the
school's-out example, the large n u m b e r of people entering the
labor force each J u n e is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is k n o w n , the statistics for the current year can
be a d j u s t e d to allow for a c o m p a r a b l e change. Insofar as the
seasonal a d j u s t m e n t is m a d e correctly, the a d j u s t e d figure provides a m o r e useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, e m p l o y m e n t , and u n e m p l o y m e n t
contain c o m p o n e n t s such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly h o u r s , and
average hourly earnings include c o m p o n e n t s based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
c o m p o n e n t s and combining them. T h e second procedure
usually yields m o r e accurate i n f o r m a t i o n and is therefore
followed by BLS. F o r example, the seasonally a d j u s t e d figure
f o r the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment c o m p o n e n t s , plus the resident A r m e d
Forces total (not a d j u s t e d for seasonality), and f o u r seasonally
a d j u s t e d unemployment c o m p o n e n t s ; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment c o m p o n e n t s ; and
the overall unemployment r;.ue is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total u n e m p l o y m e n t by the estimate of
the labor force.
T h e numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the J a n u a r y - J u n e period
and again for the Julv-December period. At the time the first
half year's factors are calculated {upon availability of d a t a for
December), historical d a i a for the previous 5-year period are
subject to revision. For the establishment survey, u p d a t e d factors for seasonal a d j u s t m e n t are calculated only once a year,
along with the introduction of new b e n c h m a r k s which are
discussed at the end of the ne\t -ection.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
n u m b e r of people employed and the other estimates drawn
f r o m these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained f r o m a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used, in the household survey, the
a m o u n t of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. T h e numerical value of a standard error depends
u p o n the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ bv no m o r e than the standard error
from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 328,000; for total
unemployment it is 220,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the 4 'true'' level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .26 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.25 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $4.50 per issue or $31.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, Including Armed Forces In the United State*, by SAX
(Numbers in thousands)
SeeioaeMy sdjustsd1
Not seaeonally adjusted
Employment ststus end sex
Aug .
1985
July
1 986
Aug.
1 986
Aug.
1985
Apr .
1 986
May
1986
June
1986
July
1 986
Aug .
1 986
TOTAL
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate®
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate8
Not in labor force
180,131
1 18,405
65.7
110,354
61.3
1 ,726
108,628
3,512
105,116
8,051
6.8
61,726
182,354
121,975
66.9
113,504
62.2
1 ,672
111 , 8 3 2
3,655
108,176
8,471
6.9
60,379
182,525
121,168
66.4
113,212
62. 0
1 ,697
111,515
3,440
108,075
7,955
6.6
61,357
180,131
117,069
65.0
108,936
60.5
1 ,726
107,210
3,095
104,115
8 , 1 33
6.9
63,062
181,843
118,929
65.4
1 10,587
60.8
1 ,695
108,892
3,222
105,670
8,342
7.0
62,914
181,998
119,351
65.6
1 10,797
60. 9
1 ,687
109,110
3,160
105,950
8,554
7.2
62,647
182,183
119,796
65.8
111,353
61.1
1 ,680
109,673
3 , 1 65
106,508
8,443
7.0
62,387
182,354
119,744
65.7
86,132
67,075
77.9
62,977
73. 1
1 ,574
61 , 4 0 3
4,098
6.1
87,373
68,668
78.6
64,086
73.3
1 ,518
62,568
4,582
6.7
87,460
68,010
77.8
63,913
73. 1
1 ,541
62,372
4,097
6.0
86,132
65,945
76 . 6
61,510
71 . 4
1 ,574
59,936
4,435
6.7
87,120
66 , 7 5 7
76.6
62,254
71 . 5
1 ,541
60,713
4,503
6.7
87,195
66,943
76 . 8
6 2 , 190
71 . 3
1 ,533
60,657
4,754
7.1
87,288
66,964
76.7
62,322
71 . 4
1 ,525
60,797
4,642
6.9
87,373
93,999
51,330
54.6
47,377
50.4
152
47,225
3,953
7.7
94,981
53,306
56. 1
49,417
52.0
154
49,263
3,889
7.3
95,065
53,157
55.9
49,299
51 . 9
156
49,143
3,858
7.3
93,999
51 , 1 2 4
54.4
47,426
50.5
152
47,274
3,698
7.2
94,723
52,172
55. 1
48,333
51 . 0
154
48,179
3,839
7.4
94,803
52,408
55.3
48,608
51 . 3
154
48,454
3,800
7.3
94,895
52,832
55.7
49,031
51 . 7
155
48,876
3,801
7.2
94,981
52,808
111,554
61.2
1 ,672
109,882
3,112
106 , 7 6 9
8 , 1 90
6.8
62,610
182,525
119,879
65.7
111,852
61.3
1 ,697
110,155
3,048
107,107
8,02 7
6 . 7
62,646
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate®
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate9
66 , 9 3 6
76 . 6
62 , 3 6 5
71.4
1,518
60 , 8 4 7
4,571
6.8
87,460
66 , 9 4 4
76 . 5
62,515
71 . 5
1 ,541
6 0,974
4 ,429
6.6
Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment raie*
1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States.
3
55.6
49,189
51.8
1 54
49,035
3,619
6 . 9
95,065
52,955
55. 7
4 9,337
51.9
1 56
4 9,181
3,598
6 . 8
Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident Armed
Forces).
4
B
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers In thousands)
adjuated1
Not eeaeonally adjuated
Employment atatua, sex, and age
Aug.
1985
July
1 986
Aug.
1 986
Aug.
1 985
Apr .
1986
May
1 986
June
1 986
July
1 986
Aug .
1 986
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
78,405
16,679
65.4
08,628
60.9
8,051
6.9
180,682
120,303
66.6
111 , 8 3 2
61 . 9
8,471
7.0
180,828
119,471
66. 1
111,515
61 . 7
7,955
6.7
178,405
115,343
64.7
107,210
60. 1
8,133
7.1
180,148
117,234
65. 1
108,892
60.4
8,342
7.1
180,311
117,664
65.3
109,110
60.5
8,554
7.3
180,503
118,116
65.4
109,673
60.8
8,443
7.1
180,682
1 18,072
65.3
109,882
60.8
8,190
6.9
180,828
118,182
65.4
110,155
60 . 9
8,027
6.8
77,306
60,759
78.6
57,416
74.3
2,422
54,994
3,344
5.5
78,586
61,882
78.7
58,227
74. 1
2,497
55,730
3,656
5.9
78,634
61,689
78.5
58,344
74.2
2,355
55,989
3,345
5.4
77,306
60,269
78.0
56,636
73.3
2,231
54,405
3,633
6.0
78,309
61,053
78.0
57,391
73.3
2,347
55,043
3,663
6.0
78,387
61 , 2 0 8
78. 1
57,312
73. 1
2,278
55,034
3,897
6.4
78,484
61 , 3 8 7
78.2
57,560
73.3
2,320
55,241
3,827
6.2
78,586
61 , 3 2 3
78. 0
57,499
73.2
2,266
55,233
3,824
6.2
78,654
61 , 2 35
77. 9
57,607
73. 3
2,173
55,435
3 ,628
5.9
86,652
46,980
54.2
43,622
50.3
652
42,970
3,358
7. 1
87,629
48,517
55.4
45,408
51 . 8
733
44,675
3,109
6.4
87,689
48,653
55.5
45,439
51 . 8
702
44,737
3,214
6.6
86,652
47,340
54.6
44,197
51 . 0
581
43,616
3 , 143
6.6
87,355
48,107
55. 1
45,009
51 . 5
576
44,433
3,097
6.4
87,444
48,409
55.4
5,284
51 . 8
609
44,675
3 , 125
6.5
87,547
48,805
55.7
45,701
52.2
565
45,136
3,104
6.4
87,629
48,916
55.8
49,918
52.4
608
45,309
2,998
6. 1
87,689
48,989
55 . 9
45,999
52.5
627
45,372
2,990
6. 1
14,448
8,940
61 . 9
7,590
52.5
438
7,152
1 ,350
15.1
14,467
9,903
68.5
8 , 1 97
56.7
426
7,771
1 ,706
17.2
14,505
9,129
62.9
7,732
53.3
383
7,349
1 ,397
15.3
14,448
7,734
53.5
6,377
44. 1
283
6,094
1 ,357
17.5
14,484
8,074
55.7
6,492
44.8
298
6,194
1 ,582
19.6
14,480
8,047
55.6
6,515
45. 0
274
6,241
1 ,532
19.0
14,472
7,923
54.7
6,41 1
44. 3
280
6,131
1 ,512
19.1
1 4 ,46 7
7,833
54 . 1
6,465
44.7
238
6,227
1 ,368
17.5
14 , 5 0 5
7,958
54.9
6,549
45.2
24 9
6,30 0
1 ,409
17.7
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 . . .
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both aexea, 18 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio? . . .
Agriculture
Nonagrlgultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hlepanic origin
(Numbers In thousands)
Seaeonally adjuated1
Not eeaaonelly edjueted
Employment status, race, sex, sge, and
Hispsnlc origin
Aug.
1 985
July
1 986
Aug .
1 986
Aug .
1 985
Apr .
1 986
May
1 986
June
1 986
July
1 986
Aug .
1 986
WHITE
153,819
99,817
64 . 9
93,684
60.9
6,133
6. 1
155,122
101,249
65.3
95,081
61.3
6 , 168
6.1
155,236
101 , 5 1 5
65.4
95,180
61 . 3
6,335
6.2
155,376
101,975
65.6
95,731
61.6
6,244
6. 1
155,502
101,922
65.5
95,760
61.6
6,162
6.0
155,604
102,189
65 . 7
96,271
6 1.9
5,918
5.8
53,996
78.8
51,531
75.2
2,466
4.6
52,877
78,4
50,050
74.2
2,827
5.3
53,504
78.4
50,717
74.3
2,786
5.2
53,548
78.4
50,588
74. 1
2,960
5.5
53,674
78.5
50,789
74.3
2,884
5.4
53,528
78.2
50 , 5 9 9
73.9
2,929
5.5
53,571
78.2
50 , 8 / - 0
74. 3
2,701
5.0
41 , 2 3 7
54.9
38,951
51 . 8
2,286
5.5
41,320
54.9
38,984
51 . 8
2,336
5.7
i 40,254
54.0
37,964
51 . 0
2,290
5.7
40,808
54.4
38,566
51 . 4
2 ,242
5.5
41 , 0 4 0
54. 7
38,775
51 . 7
2,265
5.5
41,511
55. 3
39,249
52. 3
2,262
5.4
41 , 6 4 6
55.4
39,424
52.4
2,222
5.3
4 1 ,705
55 . 4
39,538
52.6
2,167
5.2
7,688
64.8
6,718
56 . 6
971
12.6
13.6
11.6
8,456
71 . 2
7,250
61 . 1
1 ,206
14.3
14.3
14.3
7,898
66.5
6 ,895
58.0
1 ,003
12.7
13.4
12.0
6 ,686
56.4
5,670
47.8
1,016
15.2
17.2
13.0
6 ,927
58.3
5,817
49.0
1,110
16.0
17.3
14.7
6,790
57.2
5,693
47.9
1,097
16.2
17.8
14.4
6,748
56.8
5 , 737
48. 3
1,011
15.0
15.3
14.7
6,914
58.2
5,864
49.3
1 ,050
15.2
16.7
1 3.5
19,700
12,593
63.9
10,788
54.8
1 ,805
14.3
20,002
13,041
65.2
11,074
55.4
1 ,967
15.1
20,028
12,767
63.7
10,878
54.3
1 ,889
14.8
19,700
12,289
62.4
10 , 5 6 0
53.6
1 ,729
14.1
19,943
12,781
64. 1
10 , 8 8 9
54.6
1 ,892
14.8
19,974
12,754
63.9
10,825
54.2
1 ,929
15.1
20,002
12,601
63 . 0
10,836
54.2
1 ,766
14.0
20,028
12,473
62.3
10,654
53.2
1,819
14.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5,812
75.0
5 , 1 44
66 . 4
668
11.5
6,015
76.0
5,236
66. 1
780
13.0
5,923
74.7
5,166
65.2
756
12.8
5,747
74.2
5,062
65.3
685
11.9
5,916
75. 1
5 , 1 70
65.7
746
12.6
5,956
75.5
5,199
65.9
757
12.7
5,968
75.5
5,171
65.4
796
13.3
5,951
75.2
5 , 1 94
65.6
757
12.7
5,855
73. 9
5,080
64. 1
775
13.2
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
5,727
58.5
4,932
50.3
796
13.9
5,829
58.6
5,103
51.3
726
12.4
5,849
58.7
5,067
50.8
782
13.4
5,696
58.1
4,951
50.5
745
13.1
5,875
59 . 3
5,140
51 . 9
735
12.5
5,897
59.4
5,141
51 . 8
756
12.8
5,834
58.7
5,085
51 . 2
749
12.8
5 ,840
58.7
5 , 144
51 . 7
696
11.9
5,821
58.4
5,092
51 . 1
728
12.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
1 ,053
48.9
712
33.1
341
32.4
31 . 4
33.6
1 , 1 97
56.2
735
34.5
462
38.6
39.9
37.0
996
46.7
645
30.2
351
35.3
32.9
37.9
846
39. 3
547
25.4
299
35.3
34.9
35.9
949
44.4
545
25.5
404
42.6
41.4
43.8
928
43.5
549
25.7
379
40.8
40.8
40.8
952
44.6
569
26 . 7
383
40.2
38.5
41 . 9
810
38. 0
497
23.3
313
38.6
41 . 6
35. 1
797
37. 3
482
22.6
315
39.5
37.4
41 . 8
12,255
7,975
65. 1
7 , 144
58.3
832
10.4
12,290
8,002
65. 1
7 , 123
58.0
878
11.0
12,326
8,110
65.8
7,251
58.8
858
10.6
12,362
8 , 123
65.7
7,274
58.8
849
10.5
12,397
8 , 1 02
65.4
7,213
58 . 2
889
11.0
153,819
100,866
65.6
94,864
61 . 7
6,002
6.0
155,502
103,790
66.7
97,559
62. 7
6,231
6.0
155,604
103,214
66.3
97,410
62.6
5,805
5.6
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
53,308
79.0
50,736
75.2
2,572
4.8
54,097
79.0
51,358
75.0
2,739
5.1
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
39,870
53.5
37,410
50.2
2,460
6.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6,937
58.4
5,797
48.8
1 , 140
16.4
17.2
15.6
BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
19,916
12,740
64.0
10,856
54.5
1,884
14.8
HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
11 , 9 6 9
7,940
66 . 3
7,142
59.7
797
10.0
12,362
8,302
67.2
7,405
59.9
896
10.8
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
12,397
8,270
66 . 7
7,393
59.6
877
10.6
1 1 ,969
7,781
65.0
6,973
58.3
808
10.4
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals
because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are Included
in both the white and black population groups.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Selected employment Indicators
(Numbers In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category
Aug.
1 985
Seasonally adjusted
Apr.
1 986
Aug.
1 985
Aug.
1 986
July
1 986
July
1 986
Aug .
1 986
1 0 9 , 882
39 , 61 1
27 , 523
5 , 829
1 1 0 , 155
39,716
27,438
5 ,826
June
1 986
May
1 986
CHARACTERISTIC
1 08
39,
25,
5,
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
628
422
783
604
111,832
39,809
26,780
5,846
111,
39,
26,
5,
107,
39,
26,
5,
515
994
834
791
108,
39,
26,
5,
210
142
392
627
892
555
802
812
109,
39,
26,
5,
1 1 0 1 0 9 , 673
3 9 , 626
614
920
2 7 , 427
5 , 668
718
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
1 ,46 9
1,379
1 78
1 .486
,
1 ., 427
171
1 ,728
,
1 ,567
>
216
1 ,840
1,575
240
1 i727
1 >496
,
217
1 i456
1 .444
,
1 76
1 ,587
1 ,475
180
1 .480
.
1 .486
i
186
1 .498
,
1 .504
,
1 54
96 ,, 8 2 7
15,>437
81 , 3 8 9
1 >395
,
79,,994
>991
7,
298
99,822
15,981
- 83,842
1 ,377
82,465
8,097
257
9 9 , i 6*72
15,>820
8 3 , >853
1 >357
,
82, >496
8,>126
277
9 5 , ,791
16 ,>075
79, >716
1 >295
j
78, >421
7,>874
303
9 7 , .831
16 ,>187
81 ,>643
1 >321
,
8 0 , >322
7,>571
253
9 7 , .994
16, . 3 2 5
8 Vt,669
1 <275
,
8 0 , >394
7,>757
229
9 8 , ,372
1 6 >387
,
81 ,>984
1 >279
,
80, >705
7,>807
235
98 ,,206
1 6 >647
,
81 ,>559
,
1 >243
8 0 , >317
8,>081
254
98,667
1 6,479
8 2 , 188
1 ,261
80,927
7,982
282
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
6 ,187
2 ,404
3 ,358
1 0,697
6,150
2,417
3,396
11 , 4 0 3
5 ,927
2 ,331
3 , 1 99
1 1, 0 3 6
5 ,680
2 ,480
2 ,835
1 3, 6 2 2
5 ,923
2 ,603
2 ,974
1 3, 9 3 3
5 ,980
2 ,659
2 ,893
1 3, 6 3 8
5 ,537
2 ,434
2 ,810
14 , 2 6 8
5
2
2
13
,399
,484
,624
,991
5,443
2,411
2,711
14,02 3
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
5 ,840
2 ,226
3 ,200
1 0, 2 2 8
5,835
2,239
3,283
10,952
5 ,669
2 ,192
3 ,096
1 0, 6 4 5
5,413
2 ,319
2 ,740
13 , 1 7 9
5 ,621
2 ,430
2 ,849
1 3, 5 9 9
5 ,673
2 ,523
2 ,790
1 3, 191
5 ,320
2 ,308
2 ,724
1 3, 7 7 9
5 , 191
2 ,323
2 ,579
1 3, 6 5 6
5,259
2,286
2,660
13,683
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such
reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measure
1 985
II
III
Monthly data
1 986
IV
I
1 986
II
June
July
Aug .
U-1
Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force
2. 0
2.0
1 .9
1 .. 9
1 .9
2.0
1 .9
1 .9
U-2
Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
3. 6
3.6
3.5
3..5
3. 6
3.7
3.3
3.2
U-3
Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of thp
civilian labor force
5. 7
5.6
5.4
5. .5
5. 5
5.6
5.4
5.3
Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time
civilian labor force
U-4
6. 9
6.8
6.7
6. .7
6. 8
6.7
6.6
6.4
U-5« Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force, Including the
resident Armed Forces
7. 2
7.1
6.9
7,. 0
7. 1
7.0
6.8
6.7
U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
7. 3
7.2
7.0
7., 1
7. 2
7.1
6.9
6.8
9. 7
9.6
9.4
9,.4
9. 7
9.4
9.3
9.1
10. 7
10.7
10.4
10.3
10. 6
N.A.
N.A.
N.A.
U-6
Total full-time jobseekers plus Vt pert-time jobseekers plus Vt total on part time
for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less Vt of the
part-time labor force
U-7
Total full-time jobseekers plus Vt part-time jobseekers plus Vt total on part
time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less Vt of the
part-time labor force
N.A = not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persona
(In thouaanda)
Unemployment rates1
Category
July
1 986
Aug.
1 986
Aug.
1 985
Apr
1 986
May
1986
June
1986
8 , 027
4 , 429
3 , 628
3 , 598
2 , 990
1 ,409
7.1
6.9
6.0
7.3
6.6
17.5
7. 1
6 .9
6. 0
7. 4
6 .4
19. 6
7.3
7. 3
6 .4
7. 3
6 .5
19.0
7.1
7.1
6.2
7.2
6 .4
19.1
6.9
7.0
6 .2
6.9
6. 1
17.5
17.7
1 ,)8 3 8
1 ,; 540
593
,
1 »699
1 -,4 8 2
666
4.1
5.4
10.8
4. 2
5 .3
9. 4
4.5
5.4
10.2
4.5
5.2
10.1
4.4
5.3
9.2
4.1
5.1
10.3
6 ,671
1 ,546
6,>497
1 ,572
6.8
9.0
8. 1
6. 7
9. ,6
8. , 1
7.0
9.2
8.3
6.7
9.1
8. 1
6.6
9.0
6.4
9.3
7.7
6 ,357
169
801
1 ,526
884
642
363
1 ,780
1 ,717
558
196
6 ,111
157
744
1 ,513
918
595
280
1 ,678
1 ,738
540
236
7.1
8.6
13.1
7.8
7.9
7.6
4.5
7. 7
5.5
3.9
14.0
7 .2
12 . 8
12 . 0
6 .8
6.a
6.o
5.6
8. 1
5.9
3 .5
13 . 4
7.3
13.7
13.3
7.5
7. 3
7.7
5.3
8. 1
5.5
3.7
15.8
7.1
17.6
12.1
7.3
7. 1
7 .5
5.5
7.7
5.4
3. 6
13.2
7.2
17.0
1 3 .-2
6.9
6.7
6.9
16.7
12.2
6.8
6.9
6.7
4.6
7.4
5.7
3.2
13.8
Aug.
1 985
July
1 986
8 133
4 , 435
3 , 633
3 , 698
3 , >143
1 .357
i
8 , 1 90
4 , 571
3 , 824
3, ,619
2 , » 998
1 ,368
i
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
1 >690
i
1 >518
,
683
Full-time workers
6 ,683
1 ,470
Aug
1 986
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
—
6.8
6.8
5.9
6.8
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers . . .
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers
1
2
6 ,131
91
787
1 ,699
1 ,030
669
277
1 ,669
1 ,608
659
238
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours- lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic
6 ?
7.8
5.7
3. 2
11.6
reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seaaonally adjuated
Seaaonally adjuated
Weeks of unemployment
Aug .
1985
July
1986
Aug.
1986
Aug.
1985
Apr.
1 986
May
1 986
June
1986
July
1 986
Aug .
1986
3,342
2,704
2,006
81 3
1 , 1 93
3,679
2,710
2,082
873
1 ,208
3,348
2,576
2,031
862
1 ,170
3,422
2,508
2,274
1 ,047
1 ,227
3,628
2,685
2,135
1 ,001
1 , 1 34
3,705
2,737
2,209
1 ,072
1 ,137
3,384
2,708
2,320
1 ,036
1 ,284
3,394
2,486
2,25 6
1 ,066
1 , 1 90
3,427
2,379
2,295
1 ,086
1 ,209
15 . 0
7•1
14.4
6.2
15.3
7.1
15. 5
7. 2
14. 3
6. 5
14.4
6.6
15.2
7.3
15. 0
7. 1
15.8
7.2
100.0
43.4
32.0
24.6
10.3
14.3
100.0
42.1
32.4
25.5
10.8
14.7
100. 0
41 . 7
30. 6
27. 7
12. 8
15. 0
100. 0
42. 9
31 . 8
25. 3
1 1 9
.
13. 4
100.0
42.8
31 . 6
25.5
12.4
13.1
100.0
40.2
32.2
27.6
12.3
15.3
100. 0
41 . 7
30. 6
27. 7
13. 1
14. 6
100.0
42.3
29.4
28.3
13.4
14.9
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
100
41
33
24
10
14
.0
.5
.6
.9
. 1
.8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)
Not sessonslly sdjustsd
Reason
Sessonslly sdjustsd
Aug.
1985
July
1986
Aug.
1 986
Aug.
1985
Apr .
1986
May
1986
June
1986
July
1986
Aug.
1 986
3,906
998
2,908
940
2,162
1 ,043
3,886
997
2,889
1,089
2,205
1 ,291
3,624
884
2,740
1 ,043
2 , 1 96
1 ,093
4,144
1,112
3,032
875
2,191
941
4,034
1 ,028
3,006
1,110
2,191
1 ,059
4,311
1 , 1 33
3 , 1 78
975
2,217
1 ,062
4,335
1 ,066
3,269
1,013
2,064
1 ,059
3,937
1 ,079
2,858
1 ,034
2,22 3
965
3,831
990
2,841
978
2,232
1 ,000
100 . 0
48 . 5
12 . 4
36 . 1
1 1. 7
26 . 9
1 3. 0
100.0
45.9
11.8
34. 1
12.9
26.0
15.2
100.0
45.5
11.1
34.4
13.1
27.6
13.7
100.
50.
13.
37.
10.
26.
1 1
0
8
6
2
7
9
5.
100.0
48. 1
12.2
35.8
13.2
26 . 1
12.6
100.0
50.3
13.2
37. 1
11.4
25.9
12.4
100. 0
51 . 2
12. 6
38. 6
12. 0
24. 4
12. 5
100.
48.
13.
35.
12.
27.
1 1
0
3
2
0
7
2
8.
100.0
47.6
12.3
35.3
12.2
27.8
12.4
3. 6
8
1 .9
8
3,4
.9
1 .9
.9
3.7
.8
1 .9
.9
3. 7
9
1 .7
9
3. 3
9
1 .9
8
3.2
.8
1 .9
.8
NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
3 .4
.8
1. 9
.9
3.2
.9
1 .8
1 .1
3.0
.9
1 .8
.9
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thoussnds)
Sex and age
Unsmployment rates1
July
1 986
Aug .
1986
Aug.
1985
Apr .
1 986
8 , 1 33
3 ,041
1 ,357
586
777
1 ,684
5 ,077
4,, 4 8 0
615
8 , 1 90
3 ,0 36
1 ,368
625
71 1
1 ,; 6 6 8
5;, 1 5 3
4,, 6 1 5
573
8 ,027
2 ,971
1 ,409
627
785
1 ,562
5;, 0 5 9
4,, 4 9 6
554
7,. 1
13,.0
17,.5
19,. 1
16..8
10,.8
5,.5
5. ,8
4 ., 1
7,. 1
13,.9
1 9,.6
20, .9
18,. 9
10,. 9
5,.4
5. .8
3.. 9
Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
4,, 4 3 5
1 ,,6 9 6
802
360
440
894
2J, 7 4 4
2,, 4 0 5
338
4 i, 5 7 1
1 .,6 5 8
747
340
378
91 1
2 j, 9 0 8
2 j, 5 9 2
344
4;, 4 2 9
1 ,,6 2 6
801
347
447
825
2 j, 8 0 3
2,, 4 4 0
355
6. 9
13. 8
19. .6
21 ., 9
18. , 1
10. .9
5. .3
5. ,6
3. .8
Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
3,, 6 9 8
1 ,,3 4 5
555
226
337
790
2,, 3 3 3
,
0
2, 7 5
277
3,, 6 1 9
1 ,i3 7 8
621
285
333
757
2, ,246
2, , 0 2 3
229
3 j, 5 9 8
1 ,j3 4 4
608
280
338
736
2, , 2 5 6
2,, 0 5 6
1 99
7. ,3
12. ,2
15. . 3
15. .8
15. ,3
10. .7
5 . .8
6 .. 1
4 . ,5
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
1
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
.
> SO
« eo
Aug .
1 985
June
1 986
July
1 986
Aug .
1 986
7,. 3
14,. 2
19,. 0
21 ., 1
17,.5
1 1. ,7
5,.5
5.. 9
3..6
7,. 1
13,.5
19,. 1
20, .6
1 7 ., 9
1 0 ., 7
5,.6
5. ,9
3.,7
6 .9
13,. 0
17,.5
19,.4
15,. 7
10,.8
5,.4
5. ,8
3.. 8
6.8
12.8
17.7
19.6
16.6
10.2
5.3
5.6
3.7
6 ., 9
14. .5
2 0 . .2
21 .,2
19. ,7
1 1.6.
5..2
5. .5
3..9
7..3
15..0
20 ..4
21 ..6
19.,6
12..2
5..4
5..8
3..8
7., 1
14. , 0
2 0 .. 1
19. ,4
2 0 . ,4
1 1 .0.
5. .5
5. .8
4 .. 1
7., 0
13. ,5
18..2
2 0 .. 0
16 . 1
1 1.2,
5,.5
5..8
3,. 9
6.8
13.3
19.2
21 . 0
18.1
10.3
5.3
5.5
4.1
7.,4
13. .2
19..0
2 0 . .5
18. . 1
10. .0
5. .8
6 ..2
3..8
7..3
13..3
17..6
2 0 . .5
15..3
1 1, .1
5. .7
6. . 1
3..4
7..2
13. ,0
18..0
21 .,9
15. , 1
10. .4
5. .7
6. . 1
3.. 1
6 ,.9
12,.5 •
1 6 .6
,
18..7
15,.3
10,.4
5,.4
5,. 7
3,.6
6.8
12.1
16.0
18.1
15.0
10.1
5.4
5.8
3. 1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seaaonally adjusted
Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
11
Aug.
1985
July
1986
Aug.
1 986
Aug.
1985
Apr.
1986
May
1986
June
1986
July
1 986
Aug .
1 986
24,586
15,813
64.3
13,764
56.0
2,049
13.0
8,773
25,180
16,513
65.6
14,272
56.7
2,240
13.6
8,667
25,224
16,256
64.4
14,105
55.9
2,151
13.2
8,968
24,586
15,425
62.7
13,446
54.7
1 ,979
12.8
9,161
25,025
16,039
64.1
13,857
55.4
2,182
13.6
8,986
25,075
16,102
64.2
13,919
55.5
2,183
13.6
8,973
25,127
16,148
64.3
13,935
55.5
2,213
13.7
8,979
25,180
15,986
63.5
13,978
55.5
2,008
12.6
9,194
25,224
15,869
62.9
13,787
54.7
2,082
13.1
9,355
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population,
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed
Occupation
Aug.
1985
Aug.
1986
Unemployment rate
Unemployed
Aug.
1985
Aug.
1 986
Aug.
1 985
Aug.
1986
108,628
111,515
8,051
7,955
6.9
6.7
Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty
25,349
12,218
13,131
26,183
12,753
13,431
755
350
405
731
319
411
2.9
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.4
3.0
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical
33,453
3,424
12,698
17,330
34,784
3,387
13,446
17,952
1 ,684
109
666
909
1 ,742
115
763
864
4.8
3. 1
5.0
5.0
4.8
3.3
5.4
4.6
Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective
14,658
1 ,059
1 ,793
11,806
14,935
1 ,007
1 ,829
12,098
1,316
53
76
1 ,187
1 ,335
78
60
1 ,196
8.2
4.8
4.1
9.1
8.2
7.2
3.2
9.0
Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair
13,909
4,670
5,077
4,162
13,903
4,444
5,329
4,130
916
186
452
279
892
214
396
282
6.2
3.8
8.2
6.3
6.0
4.6
6.9
6.4
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
17,225
7,954
4,517
4,753
870
3,883
17,809
8,155
4,579
5,075
912
4,162
2,006
971
382
653
157
496
1 ,874
877
340
657
142
514
10.4
10.9
7.8
12.1
15.2
11.3
9.5
9.7
6.9
1 1 .5
13.5
11.0
4,035
3,901
264
249
6.2
Total, 16 years and over1
Farming, forestry, and fishing
1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was in the
Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
6.0
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Employment statue of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers In thousands)
Civilian labor fores
Veteran status
and age
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Total
Unemployed
Employed
PevMfit off
labor force
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
Aug.
1985
1986
1985
1986
1985
1986
1985
1986
1985
1986
7,677
6,516
1 ,337
3,364
1 ,815
1 ,161
7,760
6,370
1 ,120
3,009
2,241
1 ,390
7,198
6,283
1 ,274
3,266
1 ,743
915
7,166
6,063
1 ,044
2,863
2,156
1 ,103
6,870
5,986
1 ,198
3,119
1 ,669
884
6,884
5*806
984
2,741
2,081
1 ,078
328
297
76
147
74
31
282
257
60
122
75
25
4.6
4.7
6.0
4.5
4.2
3.4
3.9
4.2
5.7
4.3
3.5
2.3
17,347
8,028
5,005
4,314
18,529
8,600
5,765
4,164
16,450
7,672
4,733
4,045
17,579
8,183
5,476
3,920
15,672
7,263
4,519
3,890
16,672
7,749
5,175
3,748
778
409
214
155
907
434
301
172
4.7
5.3
4.5
3.8
5.2
5.3
5.5
4.4
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over
NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed Forces between
August 5,1964 and May 7,1975. Nonveterans are men who have never served in the Arm-
ed Forces; published data are limited to those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most
closely corresponds to the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status
Aug .
1985
SessowMy sdjue*d*
July
1986
Aug .
19«6
Aug .
1 985
Apr.
1 986
May
1 986
June
1 986
July
20,047
13,459
12,562
896
6. 7
19,625
12,873
11 , 9 4 0
933
7.2
19,908
13,217
12,319
898
19,978
13,326
12,465
6.8
19,942
13,204
12,325
879
6. 7
6. 5
20,015
13,330
12,390
940
7 .1
1986
California
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
19,625
I 3,00 2
1 2 , 0 54
948
7. 3
20,015
13,498
12,480
1,017
7. 5
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,932
5,423
5,107
316
5. 8
9,162
5,721
5 , 329
392
6.9
9,181
5,698
5,361
337
5 . 9
8,932
5, 341
5,025
316
5.9
9,098
5,525
5 , 204
321
5.8
9 , 119
5, 570
5,253
317
5.7
9,141
5 , 654
5,331
323
5.7
9 , 162
5,652
5 ,283
369
6.5
8 , b45
5,691
5 , 192
499
8.8
8,674
5 , 807
5 , 355
452
7.8
8,675
5 , 760
5 , 307
453
7.9
8,645
5,663
5,152
511
9.0
8,665
5, 683
5,217
466
8.2
8,667
5, 685
5 , 201
484
8. 5
8,67 1
5,733
5,273
460
8.0
8 ,674
5, 722
5,273
4 49
7 . 8
4 , 553
3, 108
2,994
114
3.7
4 , 587
3 , 143
3,023
120
3.8
4,590
4 , 55 3
3,059
2,938
4,578
3,058
2,935
123
4.0
4 , 581
3,065
2, 924
141
4 . 6
4 , 584
3,038
2 , 928
1 10
3.6
4 , 587
3, 098
2 , 982
116
3 . 7
6, 800
4 , 399
3,972
426
9.7
6,853
4,468
4 ,057
411
9.2
6,857
4,411
4 , 064
347
7.9
4,331
3,893
4 38
10.1
6,838
4,329
3,932
397
9.2
6,842
4 , 360
3,932
428
9.8
6,848
4,335
3,929
406
9.4
6,853
4 , 347
3 , 962
385
8.9
5,896
3,875
3 , 704
I 7 1
4. 4
5 , 947
4,013
3, 786
227
5. 7
5,951
3,966
3, 789
1 7 7
4. 5
5,896
3,838
3,666
172
4. 5
5,933
3, 847
3 , 666
5,937
3,916
3,699
217
5.5
5,942
3,942
3 , 745
197
5.0
5 , 947
3,919
3 , 70 5
214
5.5
13,684
8,484
7 , 966
517
13,733
8,595
8,054
541
6.3
13,735
8 , 529
8,029
501
5.9
13,684
8,332
7,818
514
6.2
13,719
8 , 345
7 , 762
583
7.0
13,722
8,401
7 , 783
13,728
8 , 464
7,968
496
5.9
13,733
8 , 388
7,866
522
4,663
3 , 106
2,927
179
5.8
4,720
3 , 125
2,946
179
5.7
4,727
3,125
2,940
185
5.9
4 , 734
3,175
3,017
,
1 58
5.0
4,741
3 , 203
3,048
155
4.8
8 , 067
5 , 104
4 , 645
459
9.0
8,089
5 , 265
4, 842
423
8 , 091
5 , 197
4,778
419
8,095
5 , 184
4 , 722
462
8.9
8,097
5,181
4 ,766
415
861
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
3 , 162
3, 045
117
3.7
121
4.0
6, 800
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
18 1
4.7
New Yorfc
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
6. 1
618
7.4
6.2
North Carolina
4 , 663
3 , 154
2,971
183
5.8
4,741
3, 262
3,095
167
5. 1
4,748
3,239
3,073
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
8,067
5 , 207
4,751
456
8.8
8,097
5,287
4,875
412
7.8
8 , 099
5,255
4 , 832
422
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
9 , 190
5,631
5,221
410
7. 3
9 , 188
5,753
5 , 366
387
6.7
9 , 186
5 , 754
5, 390
364
6.3
9,190
5,516
5,093
423
7.7
9 , 188
5 , 707
5 , 304
403
7.1
9 , 187
5,694
5,245
449
7.9
9 , 188
5,573
5,211
362
6.5
9 , 188
5 , 585
5,214
371
6.6
11,739
8 , 144
7 , 578
567
7.0
11,916
8,279
7 , 506
774
9.3
11,931
8 , 129
7,389
740
9 .1
11,739
11,867
8,027
7, 342
685
8.5
11,883
8,079
7 , 300
779
9.6
11,900
8,076
7 , 230
846
10.5
11,916
8 , 108
7 , 401
707
8.7
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
166
5.1
OMo
8.0
8.0
8. 1
8.0
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population.
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimate® used in the administration of
Federal fund allocation programs.
8,082
7,508
574
7. 1
* The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers
appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adfusted
Industry
Aug.
1985
Total
Total private
Goods-producing
Mining
Oil and gas extraction
Construction
General building contractors
Aug.
1986
p
Aug.
1985
Apr.
1986
May
1986
June
1986
July p
1986
Aug. p
1986
97,782
100,752
100,016
100,232
97 , 8 9 0
9 9 ,, 7 8 3
9 9 ,, 9 1 8
9 9 ,, 8 4 3
1 0 0 ,, 1 2 2
82,241
83,985
84,164
84,518
8 1 ,, 4 2 8
8 3 ,, 0 7 2
8 3 ,, 1 9 8
8 3 ,, 1 6 1
8 3 ,, 5 0 2
83 , 6 7 6
25,331
25,193
25,118
25,399
2 4 ,, 8 8 0
25 i, 0 3 8
2 4 ,, 9 6 5
24, , 8 5 4
2 4 ,, 8 6 1
24, , 9 2 3
933
583.3
779
445.1
772
437.5
761
431.1
922
581
821
488
790
461
772
446
764
438
752
429
5,032
5,155
1 ,342.7 1,349.3
5,290
1,381.9
5,389
1,393.8
4,, 7 0 2
1,» 2 5 7
4 ,, 9 7 2
,315
4 ,974
1,, 3 1 4
4 ,947
1 ,299
4 ,, 9 8 1
1,, 2 9 9
5 ,036
1 ,306
100 , 324
19,259
13,076
19,056
12,872
19,249
13,065
19 , 2 5 6
13 , 0 7 8
19,, 2 4 5
13,, 0 6 0
19 , 2 0 1
13 , 0 2 5
19 , 1 3 5
12 , 9 7 9
19,, 1 1 6
12,, 9 6 3
19 , 1 3 5
12 , 9 8 4
workers
11,471
7,595
11,384
7,524
11 , 2 5 8
7,392
11,295
7,431
11 , 4 7 3
7 ,619
11 •, 4 1 5
7,, 5 4 7
11 , 3 7 8
7 ,519
11 , 3 0 7
7 ,462
11,, 2 9 4
7,, 4 4 7
11 , 2 9 5
7 ,451
725.8
492.6
606.3
796.6
294.2
1 ,464.1
2, 152.8
2,195.2
1 ,941.8
847.8
726.4
369.5
739.3
494.6
610.1
769.5
291.7
1,447.0
2,099.7
2,151.4
1,981.7
847.5
720.2
370.4
739.8
484.7
604.6
751.7
285.8
1,415.7
2,074.6
2,160.2
1,959.4
822,2
712.1
354.9
751.1
494.9
609.4
• 732.0
261.-5
1,433.5
2,068.9*
2, 164.9
1,949.3
805.3
718.7
371.8
700
495
591
798
302
1,, 4 6 3
2 ,164
2 ,195
1 ,977
876
724
366
719
494
600
785
291
1,, 4 5 1
2,, 1 1 1
2,, 1 7 7
1 ,,9 8 6
854
723
369
719
496
599
780
288
1,, 4 4 7
2 , 100
2 ,175
1 ,972
839
721
369
721
496
597
761
286
1 ,440
2 ,089
2 ,143
1 ,974
839
717
369
720
498
592
756
283
1,, 4 2 9
2,, 0 8 1
2,, 169
1,, 9 7 5
830
711
363
725
497
594
733
261
1 ,432
2 ,079
2 ,165
1 ,985
832
717
368
7,895
5,558
7,875
5,552
7,798
5,480
7,954
5,634
7 ,783
5 ,459
7 ,830
5 ,513
7 ,823
5 ,506
7 ,828
5 ,517
7 ,822
5 ,516
7 ,840
5 ,533
1,697.1
65.0
700.9
1,119.5
686.9
1,439.0
1,048.2
179.8
790.0
168.4
1,648.1
58.3
710.8
1,121.3
696.8
1,478.6
1,034.3
166.8
805.4
154.4
1,680.1
58.1
697.5
1,070.5
690.0
1,475.5
1,031.9
166.0
784.2
. 143.9
1,740.U
59.9
716.5
1,108.0
691.8
1,474.9
1 ,039.2
165.8
799.3
158.5
1,, 6 0 8
64
698
1,, 1 1 7
682
1,, 4 4 2
1,, 0 4 3
177
787
165
1,, 6 3 3
63
703
1,, 1 1 9
689
1, 472
1 ,, 0 2 8
166
800
157
1 ,,6 4 0
62
705
1,, 1 1 3
689
1,, 4 7 4
1 ,. 0 2 4
166
796
154
1 ,,6 4 8
>62
707
1,, 1 0 6
690
1,, 4 7 7
1,, 0 2 6
164
797
151
1,, 6 4 6
62
710
1,, 106
687
1,, 4 8 1
1 ,026
162
791
151
1 ,,6 4 9
59
713
1,, 106
687
1,, 4 7 8
1 ,,0 3 4
163
796
155
72,451
75,559
74,898
74,833
7 3 ,, 0 1 0
7 4 ,,745
7 4 ,, 9 5 3
7 4 ,, 9 8 9
7 5 , 261
7 5 ,, 4 0 1
5,237
2,981
2,256
5,216
3,071
2,145
5,290
3,051
2,239
5,253
3,052
2,201
5 ,, 2 1 9
2 ,, 9 8 3
2 ,, 2 3 6
5 ,, 2 6 6
3 ,, 0 4 0
2 , 226
5,, 2 6 5 ,
3 ,, 0 3 7
2 ,, 2 2 8
5,, 167
3 ,, 0 3 5
2,, 1 3 2
5 ,, 2 7 6
3 , 057
2, 219
5,, 2 3 6
3 ,, 0 5 5
2 , , 181
5,790
3,439
2,351
5,860
3,475
2,385
5,885
3,501
2,384
5,894
3,507
2,387
5 ,, 7 6 2
3 ,, 4 2 4
2 ,, 3 3 8
5 , 864
3, 485
2 ,, 3 7 9
5 ,, 8 7 2
3 ,, 4 8 8
2 i, 3 8 4
5 ,, 8 2 9
3 ,, 4 5 4
2 ,, 3 7 5
5 ,, 8 5 1
3 ,, 4 8 4
2 , 367
5 ,, 8 6 6
3,, 4 9 3
2 ,, 3 7 3
17,573
2,279.2
2,799.9
1 ,928.3
5,927.4
18,105
2,296.2
2,935.2
1,968.6
6,118.8
18,087
2,301.9
2,943.5
1,977.0
6,098.2
18,135
2,308.9
2,941.3
1,980.8
6, 125.3
1 7 ,, 4 6 4
2 ,, 3 2 8
2, 805
1 ,, 9 0 4
5 ,, 7 4 9
851
342
910
940
859
1 7 ,, 9 1 1
2 ,, 3 4 4
2 , 917
1 ,, 9 4 4
5 ,, 8 8 9
17 ,, 9 4 4
2 ,, 3 5 0
2 ,, 9 3 2
1., 9 4 5
5 ,, 9 1 8
1 7 , 997
2 , 356
2, 938
1 ,950
5 , 932
1 8 ,, 0 2 7
2 ,, 3 5 8
2 ,, 9 4 7
1,, 9 5 7
5 ,, 9 4 1
6,058
3,019
1,846
1,193
6,354
3,175
1,935
1,244
6,417
3,207
1,953
1,257
6,450
3,223
1,963
1,264
5 , 988
2, 998
1, 8 3 9
1,, 1 5 1
6 , 228
3 , 120
1, 910
1, 198
6 ,, 2 6 1
3 , 137
1 j 918
1., 2 0 6
6 ,, 2 9 5
3 ,, 1 5 9
1 , ,927
1., 2 0 9
6 , 335
3 , 178
1 , 945
1, 2 1 2
6 ,, 3 7 6
3 ,, 2 0 1
1 ,, 9 5 5
1,, 2 2 0
22,252
4,551.3
6,353.1
23,257
4,811.4
6,597.5
23,367
4,866.3
6,631.4
23,387
4,896.5
6,657.9
22, U 5
4 , 5Q4
6 , 333
2 2 , 825
4 , 750
6 , 511
2 2 ,,924
4 ,, 7 5 5
6 , 543
2 3 ,, 0 7 2
4 ,, 7 9 2
6 ,, 5 7 1
2 3 , 182
4 , 837
6 , 598
2 3 ,, 2 4 8
4 ,, 8 4 3
6 ,, 6 3 8
15,541
2,918
3,650
8,973
16,767
2,918
3,821
10,028
15,852
2,920
3,731
9,201
15,714
2,910
3,734
9,070
16,
2,
3,
9,
16, 711
2 , 914
3, 938
9 , 859
1 6 ,, 7 2 0
2 , 899
3, 936
9 , 885
1 6 ,, 6 8 2
2 ,, 8 7 5
3 , 927
9 ,, 8 8 0
16, 620
2 , 868
3 , 932
9 , 820
1 6 ,, 6 4 8
2 ,, 8 7 8
3 ,, 9 4 3
9, , 8 2 7
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Production
p
19,366
13,153
Durable goods
Production
July
1986
workers
Manufacturing
Production
June
1986
workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing
Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services
Health services
Government
Federal
State
Local
p = preliminary.
"...
462
886
855
721
17,
2,
2,
1,
5,
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
1
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Aug.
June
July
1985
1986
1986
Aug.
p
1986
Aug.
p
1985
Apr.
1986
May
June
July
1986
1986
1986
Aug.
p
1986
35.2
34.9
35.0
35.1
34.9
34.8
34.8
34.7
34.7
34.8
Mining
43.3
42.0
41.5
41.7
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Construction
38.4
37.8
38.2
38.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Manufacturing
40.5
3.4
40.8
3.4
40.2
3.3
40.7
3.6
40.6
3.3
40.7
3.4
40.7
3.4
40.6
3.3
40.6
3.5
40.8
3.5
41.0
3.4
41.4
3.5
40.7
3.3
41.1
3.6
41.3
3.4
41.3
3.6
41.2
3.4
41.2
3.5
41.2
3.5
41.4
3.6
40.5
39.4
42.4
41.3
41.2
41.2
41.2
40.4
41.9
42.5
40.6
39. 1
40.6
39.5
42.8
41.8
41.6
41.3
41.7
41.0
42.3
42.7
41.0
39.6
39.9
38.7
42.5
41.1
41.5
40.4
40.9
40.6
41.5
41.7
40.3
38.8
40.4
39.8
42.9
41.7
41.8
41.0
40.6
41.1
42.2
42.4
40.5
39.4
40.1
39.3
42.0
41.7
41.5
41.4
41.6
40.7
42.9
43.7
40.9
(2)
40.3
39.1
42.4
41.3
40.5
41.2
41.8
41.1
42.1
41.9
41.3
(2)
40.3
39.4
42.3
41.7
41.5
41.1
41.8
41.0
41.9
41.8
40.9
(2)
39.9
39.4
42.2
41.6
41.1
41.1
41.7
41.0
42.2
42.4
41.0
(2)
40.0
39.4
42.2
41.3
41.3
41.0
41.5
41.3
42.1
42.3
40.7
(2)
40.0
39.7
42.5
42.1
42.1
41.2
41.0
41.4
43.1
43.6
40.8
(2)
39.7
3.3
39.9
3.2
39.6
3.3
40.1
3.6
39.6
3.1
39.9
3.3
39.9
3.4
39.8
3.2
39.8
3.4
40.0
3.4
40.3
37.1
40.2
36.6
42.9
38.0
41.6
43.3
40.7
37.3
40.1
38.3
41.2
36.9
43.1
37.5
42.1
44.0
41.3
37.7
40.1
37.1
40.3
36.4
43.1
37.5
41.7
43.5
40.5
37.0
40.9
36.6
41.6
36.5
43.5
37.9
41.7
43.5
41.4
37.0
40.0
(2)
40.0
36.4
43.1
37 . 9
41.9
43.3
(2)
(2)
40.2
(2)
41.3
36.9
43.0
38.0
41.9
43.6
(2)
(2)
40.2
(2)
41.1
36.5
43.2
38.0
42.0
43.4
(2)
(2)
40.0
(2)
40.8
36.5
43.1
37.8
41.9
44.0
(2)
(2)
40.1
(2)
40.9
36.7
43.3
37 . 8
41.9
43.3
(2)
(2)
40.5
(2)
41.4
36.4
43.7
37 . 8
42.0
43.5
(2)
(2)
Transportation and public utilities
39.8
39.4
39.4
39.6
39.5
39.2
39.2
39.1
39.2
39.3
Wholesale trade
38.5
38.5
38.5
38.5
38.4
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.4
29.2
29.2
29.1
29.2
29.2
Total private
Overtime hours
Durable goods
Overtime hours
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
Retail trade
30.1
29.5
29.9
29.9'
29.4
Finance, insurance, and real estate
36.3
36.6
36.4
36.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
32.5
32.5
32.5
32.4
32.4
32.5
Services
32.8
32.6
1
Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction
workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public
utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services.
These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private
nonagricultural payrolls.
32.8
32.9
p
2
This series is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot
be separated with sufficient precision,
p = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
Average hourly eemlngs
Average weekly earnings
Industry
Aug.
1985
June
1986
July
1986
Aug.
1986
Aug.
1985
June
1986
July
1986 p
Aug.
1986
$8.52
8.59
$8.71
8.74
$8.69
8.72
$8.69
8.76
$299.90
299.79
$303.98
303.28
$304.15
302.58
$305.02
304.85
11.99
12.50
12.46
12.47
519.17
525.00
517.09
520.00
12.28
12.31
12.31
12.42
471.55
465.32
470.24
475.69
9.49
9.70
9.73
9.68
384.35
395.76
391.15
393.98
Dursbls goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, ciay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation squipment
Motor vehicles and squipmsnt
Instrumsnts and rslated products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
10.06
8.27
7.20
9.87
11.63
13.36
9.64
10.26
9.50
12.65
13.31
9.19
7.28
10.26
8.43
7.46
10.04
11.94
13.88
9.88
10.55
9.61
12.77
13.41
9.41
7.54
10.27
8.35
7.44
10.06
12.07
14.10
9.85
10.56
9.68
12.74
13.36
9.48
7.58
10.22
8.40
7.47
10.07
11.81
13.85
9.82
10.54
9.66
12.74
13.35
9.46
7.52
412.46
334.94
283.68
418.49
480.32
550.43
3 9 7 . 17
422.71
383.80
530.04
565.68
373.11
284.65
424.76
342.26
294.67
429.71
499.09
577.41
408.04
439.94
394.01
540.17
572.61
385.81
298.58
417.99
333.17
287.93
427.55
496.08
5 8 5 . 15
397.94
431.90
393.01
528.71
557.11
382.04
2 9 4 . 10
420.04
339.36
297.31
432.00
492.48
578.93
402.62
427.92
397.03
537.63
566.04
3 8 3 . 13
296.29
Nondurable goods
Food snd kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparsl and othsr tsxtils products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chsmicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
8.70
8.50
12.34
6.72
5.69
10.86
9.76
11.60
14.02
8.52
5.81
8.91
8.74
13.68
6.87
5.79
11.15
9.88
11.94
14.14
8.75
5.88
8.99
8.75
13.49
6.89
5.75
11.29
9.97
12.05
14.15
8.80
5.88
8.94
8.66
13.38
6.96
5.81
11.21
10.03
11.99
14.19
8.82
5.88
345.39
342.55
457.81
270.14
208.25
465.89
370.88
482.56
607.07
346.76
216.71
355.51
350.47
523.94
283.04
213.65
480.57
370.50
502.67
622.16
361.38
221.68
356.00
350.88
500.48
277.67
209.30
486.60
373.88
502.49
615.53
356.40
217.56
358.49
354.19
489.71
289.54
212.07
487.64
3 8 0 . 14
499.98
617.27
3 6 5 . 15
217.56
11.42
11.57
11.60
11.56
454.52
455.86
457.04
457.78
351.12
358.82
358.05
358.44
Total private
Seasonally
adjusted
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
p
p
p
Wholsssls trade
9.12
9.32
9.30
9.31
Retell trsds
5.88
5.99
5.97
5.95
176.99
176.71
178.50
177.91
7.91
8.37
8.31
8.32
287.13
306.34
302.48
303.68
7.82
8.10
8.03
8.04
256.50
264.06
263.38
264.52
Finance, Insurance, end reel eststs
1
See footnote 1, table B-2.
p * preliminary.
Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by Industry
(1F77 m 1QQ)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonslly sdjustsd
v
Parcant
change
from:
Industry
Parcant
change
from:
Aug.
1985
Apr.
1986
May
1986
June
1986
July
1986p
Aug.
1986p
July
1986Aug.
1986
2.2
(2)
1.5
.8
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.5
165.5
94.1
(4)
150.3
169.4
166.6
(4)
155.7
168.4
95.4 .
(4)
150.6
172.0
169.3
• (4)
157.3
168.7
95.4
(4)
151.0
172.5
170.1
(4)
157.2
169.2
95.2
(4)
151.4
172.4
170.7
C4 )
157.8
168.8
95.1
(4)
150.9
172.6
170.3
(4)
157.7
169.2
N.A.
(4)
151.7
172.8
169.6
(4)
158.2
0.2
(3)
(4)
.5
.1
-.4
(4)
.3
4.7
3.1
(4)
168.9
(4)
173.1
(4)
173.4
(4)
174.3
(4)
173.2
(4)
174.2
(4)
.5
Aug.
1985
June
1986
July
1986p
Aug.
1986p
Aug.
1985Aug.
1986
164.7
93.5
178.8
150.5
168.6
166.1
168.3
154.8
168.8
94.8
181.4
150.5
172.3
169.5
172.0
157.9
168.5
94.7
181.6
150.4
172.7
169.2
171.4
157.4
168.4
N.A.
181.6
151.7
172.0
169.1
171.6
157.1
171.4
167,2
180.5
173.3
179.2
172.2
179.4
172.4
T o t a l p r h a l s asatawa:
Constant (1977) dollars
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation end public uWHIee .
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, Insurance, end
real aetata
Services
1
2
3
4
See f o o t n o t e 1, t a b l e
B-2.
P e r c e n t c h a n g e I s 1 . 1 f r o m J u l y 1985 t o J u l y 1 9 8 6 , t h e l a t e s t month
available.
P e r c e n t c h a n g e i s - 0 . 2 f r o m J u n e 1986 t o J u l y 1 9 8 6 , t h e l a t e s t month
available.
These s e r i e s a r e not s e a s o n a l l y a d j u s t e d s i n c e the s e a s o n a l component i s s m a l l r e l a t i v e
i r r e g u l a r c o m p o n e n t s and c o n s e q u e n t l y c a n n o t be s e p a r a t e d w i t h s u f f i c i e n t
precision.
N.A.
Data not
available
p »
preliminary
to
the
trend-cycle
and/or
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977= 100)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Aug.
1985
Total
Goods-producing
June
1986
July
1986i P
118. 0
119. 6
100. 9
100. 3
Aug.
1986 » P
Aug.
1985
Apr.
1986
May
1986
June
1986
July
1986
119. 9
121. 1
115. 7
117. 8
117. 7
117. 3
118. 0
118. 6
99. 0
1 0 1 . ,5
9 8 . ,7
99. 4
98. 8
98. 0
98. 1
99. 0
P
Aug .
1986
P
Mining
1 0 7 . ,0
84. 6
83. 0
8 2 . ,5
1 0 5 . ,8
90. 2
85. 3
83. 4
83. 2
81. 6
Construction
1 3 8 . ,9
139. 6
145. 2
1 4 8 . ,9
1 2 5 . ,4
1 3 3 . ,7
132. 6
130. 3
131. 8
134 . 3
9 3 . ,3
9 3 . ,5
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
9 1 . ,4
1 0 0 . ,9
1 0 3 . ,9
9 0 ., 1
6 5 . ,2
5 2 . ,8
9 0 . ,8
8 9 . ,5
1 0 3 . ,9
9 2 ., 7
8 5 . ,3
1 0 4 . ,2
8 0 . ,9
9 1 . ,4
1 0 3 ., 1
1 0 4 . ,9
91. 8
63. 8
53. 4
90. 0
8 8 . ,7
100. 8
9 5 . ,6
8 6 . ,2
1 0 5 ., 3
8 1 . ,9
88.
101.
100.
90.
60.
52.
85.
85.
100.
91.
80.
101.
76.
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
T o b a c c o manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products
Leather and leather products
9 6 ., 1
1 0 4 , ,8
8 4 . ,0
7 6 . ,2
8 5 . ,9
1 0 0 . ,6
1 2 3 . ,9
9 3 . .8
8 4 . ,8
1 0 8 ., 0
6 4 ., 9
9 6 . ,5
9 9 . ,9
7 6 . ,2
7 9 ., 1
8 6 . ,9
1 0 2 . ,9
1 2 6 . ,6
9 4 . .5
8 2 . ,2
1 1 3 . ,2
5 9 . ,4
Manufacturing
90. 8
9 3 . ,2
9 3 . ,2
9 3 . ,2
92. 9
92. 4
8 9 . ,7
1 0 4 . ,6
1 0 5 . ,9
9 2 ., 1
5 9 . ,5
4 6 . ,8
8 8 . ,3
8 4 ., 5
1 0 2 . ,0
9 1 . .9
7 9 . ,4
1 0 4 . ,2
8 2 . .7
9 2 . ,4
9 6 . ,2
1 0 4 . ,2
8 6 . ,5
6 6 ., 1
5 2 . ,7
9 1 . ,3
9 1 ., 5
1 0 5 . ,2
9 8 . ,0
9 1 . ,5
1 0 5 ., 1
7 9 . ,9
9 1 . ,5
9 9 . ,3
1 0 3 . ,6
8 9 . ,2
64. 7
5 1 . ,8
9 0 ., 1
8 9 . ,4
1 0 3 . ,0
9 5 . ,6
8 5 . ,3
1 0 6 ., 1
8 1 . ,6
91. 0
99. 3
104. 9
88. 8
64. 8
52. 6
89. 4
88. 9
102. 8
94. 2
8 3 . ,4
1 0 4 ., 5
8 1 . ,2
90. 3
98. 5
104. 9
88. 2
62. 7
51. 6
88. 9
88. 3
100. 6
94. 9
8 4 .i 5
1 0 4 ., 5
8 1 . ,7
90. 0
98. 4
105. 2
87. 7
61. 6
51. 6
88. 0
87. 2
103. 3
94. 3
83. 1
102. 9
8 0 . ,4
90. 6
99. 4
106. 3
88. 5
60. 3
47 . 1
8 8 . ,7
8 6 ., 2
1 0 3 ., 3
9 7 ., 1
8 5 ., 5
1 0 5 ., 1
81 .,8
9 4 ., 5
102. 6
7 3 ., 1
75. 9
81. 4
1 0 1 . ,4
125. 9
9 3 . ,4
8 1 . ,7
1 0 7 . ,5
5 4 ., 3
9 8 . .4
1 0 9 . ,9
7 5 ,, 2
8 0 . .7
8 5 .. 1
1 0 2 . ,7
1 2 7 . .4
9 4 ., 6
8 2 ., 9
1 1 2 .. 2
6 0 .. 6
9 4 ., 3
9 6 . ,7
8 2 . .5
7 5 . ,4
8 5 . ,3
1 0 0 ., 3
1 2 4 .. 2
9 4 .. 0
8 3 .. 4
1 0 8 . ,7
6 3 .. 4
9 5 .. 8
9 9 ., 1
8 1 . .6
7 8 . ,4
8 6 . ,6
1 0 1 . ,0
1 2 7 . .8
9 3 . ,2
80. 1
1 1 1 .. 8
5 8 ,. 5
9 5 . .7
9 9 . ,5
8 2 ., 1
7 8 . ,4
8 5 . ,2
1 0 1 . ,7
127 ..8
9 2 . ,9
7 9 . .7
1 1 1 . .8
5 7 . ,5
9 5 . .6
9 9 . .9
7 9 ., 5
77 .,9
8 4 .. 8
1 0 1 . ,7
1 2 7 .. 6
9 3 ., 2
8 0 .. 8
I l l , .7
5 6 ,. 8
9 5 . ,7
9 9 . ,9
8 4 .. 1
7 8 . ,5
8 5 ., 3
101 ..5
1 2 7 . .9
9 3 .. 5
7 9 .. 5
1 1 0 .. 5
5 6 ,. 4
9 6 .. 5
101 ., 2
7 2 . ,9
7 9 ., 9
8 4 ., 5
1 0 2 ., 5
1 2 7 . ,6
9 4 ., 9
8 0 ,. 6
1 1 3 ,. 3
5 9 ,. 2
3
2
1
3
8
2
7
2
2
3
7
6
9
,
92. 3
93. 0
127 .,4
1 3 0 . ,2
1 3 1 . ,5
1 3 1 .. 9
1 2 5 ,. 0
1 2 7 ,. 9
1 2 8 . .2
1 2 8 ,. 0
1 2 8 ,. 9
1 2 9 ,. 4
Transportation and public utilities
1 0 8 ., 1
1 0 6 . .1
1 0 8 . •1
1 0 7 ,. 6
1 0 6 ,. 8
1 0 6 ,. 8
1 0 6 .. 8
1 0 4 ,. 3
1 0 7 ,. 2
1 0 6 ,. 5
Wholesale trade
1 1 9 . ,4
1 2 0 . ,4
1 2 1 . ,0
1 2 1 ,. 2
1 1 8 .. 4
1 2 0 ,. 6
1 2 0 .. 2
1 1 9 ,. 0
1 1 9 ,. 8
120 . 3
Retail trade
1 1 9 ., 8
1 2 1 ., 3
1 2 2 ., 5
1 2 3 .. 0
1 1 6 ,. 3
1 1 8 ,. 1
1 1 8 .. 5
1 1 8 ,. 4
1 1 9 ,. 1
119 . 2
Finance, insurance, and real estate
1 3 2 .. 3
1 3 9 . ,2
1 4 0 . ,0
1 4 1 ,. 0
1 3 0 ,. 2
1 3 5 ,. 4
1 3 5 . .8
1 3 7 ,. 6
1 3 7 ,. 3
1 3 8 ,. 9
Services
1 4 2 ,. 3
1 4 7 ,, 3
1 4 8 . ,8
1 4 9 ,. 2
1 3 9 ,. 9
1 4 4 ,. 2
1 4 4 .. 8
1 4 5 ,. 2
1 4 5 ,. 9
146 . 7
Service-producing
' S e e footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.
Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1 increased
Time
span
Jan.
Year
!
Feb.
Mar.
Apr.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Over
1-month
span
1984
1985
1986
67.8
52.4
59.7
72. 7
47 . 8
53. 5
67. 6
53. 8
45. 1
67. 6
49. 2
54. 1
62.4
51.6
49.2
65.4
47.0
46.2
62. 2
56. 2
P 5 2 . 7
55. 9
56. 8
p58. 4
50. 5
50. 8
63. 0
61. 9
53. 5
57. 6
57.0
59.5
Over
3-month
span
1984
1985
1986
76.5
51.1
58. 1
75. !
49. 7
54. 3
75. 9
46. 2
51. 1
71. 4
46. 2
49. 7
71.6
45.1
48.4
68.1
51.4
p4 3 . 8
63. 2
49. 7
p49. 5
58. 1
51. 1
56. 8
55. 1
53. 5
55. 9
58. 1
61. 4
53.0
60.5
Over
6-month
span
1984
1985
1986
78.1
49.2
53.8
76. 5
47. 8
53. 8
77. 0
43. 0
47. 6
75. 1
45. 9
p44. 9
69.2
44.3
p47.8
65. 1
44.3
63. 2
48. 9
59. 2
50. 8
58. 6
54. 1
53. 2
57. 0
49. 7
57. 0
54.9
55.9
Over
12-month
span
1984
1985
1986
81.1
46.2
p50.3
78. 1
45. 7
p51. 6
72. 2
46. 8
72. 2
43. 8
68.9
44.9
67.8
47.3
65. 7
47. 6
62. 7
48. 9
59. 7
47. 3
5 4 . ,6
4 9 . ,5
51. 4
48. 9
48.6
48.6
1
!
. . . .
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1, 3, and 6 month spans, on payrolls
of 185 private nonagricultural industries.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment rising. (Half of the
changed components are counted as rising.) Data are centered with.n the spans,
@FedFRASER